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Segments and Concentrations
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]  
Segments and Concentrations
Note 27. Segments and Concentrations

The Company has identified our CODM as the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews consolidated net income when assessing the Company's performance, allocating resources and establishing management's compensation. In addition to consolidated net income, the CODM receives discrete information for net sales by product and by geographical location. Consolidated net income is used to monitor budget versus actual results.
The accounting policies of our operating segment are the same as those described in the Company's summary of significant accounting policies.

The Company derives revenues from customers through sales of air and fluid compression and high-speed electric motor technologies for OEMs and distributors within the mobility and industrial space. In addition to consolidated net income, the CODM regularly reviews sales by region and product line.
Sales concentration — Net sales by region (determined based on country of shipment) and product line are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
United States$700 $744 $694 
Europe1,642 1,874 1,734 
Asia
     China643 768 701 
     Rest of Asia413 433 401 
Other International77 67 73 
$3,475 $3,886 $3,603 
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Diesel$827 $992 $949 
Gas1,505 1,720 1,485 
Commercial Vehicle629 656 673 
Aftermarket459 456 442 
Other55 62 54 
$3,475 $3,886 $3,603 
Customer concentration — Net sales to Garrett’s largest customers and the corresponding percentage of total net sales are as follows:
Net sales
Year Ended December 31,
2024%2023%2022%
(Dollars in millions)
Customer A$401 12 $474 12 $444 12 
Customer B354 10 364 350 10 
Others (1)
2,720 78 3,048 79 2,809 78 
 $3,475 100 $3,886 100 $3,603 100 

(1) No other customer had sales individually exceeding 10%.
The table below provides segment information about the Company:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Net sales$3,475 $3,886 $3,603 
Less:
   Material costs2,022 2,323 2,142 
   Variable manufacturing costs (1)
386 417 414 
   Fixed manufacturing costs (2)
201 228 199 
   Research, development and engineering costs161 163 165 
   Selling, general and administrative costs240 247 216 
   Interest expense156 159 
   Income tax expense61 86 106 
   Other segment items (3)
(34)(37)
Consolidated net income$282 $261 $390 

(1)    Variable manufacturing costs include freight, duties, direct and indirect labor costs, repairs and maintenance, repositioning costs and variable overhead costs.
(2)     Fixed manufacturing costs include depreciation and amortization, rent, overhead labor costs, utilities and other fixed costs.
(3)     Other segment items consist of gain on sale of equity interest in unconsolidated joint venture, non-service components of net periodic expense, interest income, equity income, loss on extinguishment of debt, reorganization and other non-operating income items (if any).
Long-lived assets concentration Long-lived assets (1) by region are as follows:
December 31
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
United States$18 $19 
Europe
     Slovakia83 89 
     Romania43 46 
     Rest of Europe96 101 
Asia
     China110 117 
     Rest of Asia50 53 
Other International49 52 
$449 $477 
(1)Long-lived assets are comprised of property, plant and equipment–net.
The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets. The Company had capital expenditure purchases of $91 million, $83 million and $91 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company had depreciation and amortization expense in the amount of $90 million, $90 million and $84 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company reports significant non-cash adjustments in its Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.