Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and reflect the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, TFF Australia. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Foreign Currency

The currency of TFF Australia, the Company’s international subsidiary, is in Australian dollars. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect at each balance sheet date. Results of operations and cash flows are translated using the average exchange rates throughout the period. The effect of exchange rate fluctuations on translation of assets and liabilities is included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Geographic Concentrations

The Company conducts business in the U.S. and Australia. As of December 31, 2020, the Company maintained 100% of its net property and equipment in the U.S. There was no property and equipment as of December 31, 2019.

Deferred Offering Costs

The Company complies with the requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs. Deferred offering costs of consisted primarily of legal, accounting and filing fees that were related to the Company’s IPO and were charged to capital upon completion of the IPO in October 2019. There are no deferred offering costs as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company maintains its operating accounts in financial institutions in the U.S. and in Australia. The balances are insured up to specified limits. The Company’s cash is maintained in checking accounts and money market funds with maturities of less than three months when purchased, which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and which in the opinion of management are subject to insignificant risk of loss in value. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had cash in Australia of AUD$214,240 (US$165,092) and $0, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Company calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from two to five years for furniture, fixtures, lab and computer equipment and software. Assets held within construction in progress are not depreciated. Construction in progress is related to the construction or development of property and equipment that have not yet been placed in service for its intended use. As of December 31, 2020, all of the Company’s property and equipment consist of lab equipment that are considered construction in progress. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance of assets are charged to expense as incurred.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Authoritative guidance requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable, the carrying amounts of which approximate their estimated fair values primarily due to the short-term nature of the instruments or based on information obtained from market sources and management estimates. The Company measures the fair value of certain of its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis. A fair value hierarchy is used to rank the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value which is not equivalent to cost will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices in the markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Income Taxes

In accordance with authoritative guidance, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the current enacted tax rate expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded on deferred tax assets unless realization is considered more likely than not.

The Company evaluates its tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the “more-likely-than-not” threshold are not recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in interest expense. No interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions were accrued at either December 31, 2020 or 2019.

The Company follows authoritative guidance which requires the evaluation of existing tax positions. The Company files in the federal and various state jurisdictions. Management has analyzed all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, for all major jurisdictions. Open tax years are those that are open for examination by taxing authorities. The Company was incorporated during 2018 which is the only open year at this time.

Revenue Recognition

The Company entered into a feasibility and material transfer agreement (“Feasibility Agreement”) with a third party that provided the Company funds in return for certain research and development activities. Revenue from the Feasibility Agreement will be recognized in the period during which the related qualifying services are rendered and costs are incurred, provided that the applicable conditions under the Feasibility Agreement have been met.

The Feasibility Agreement is on a best-effort basis and does not require scientific achievement as a performance obligation. All fees received under the agreement are non-refundable. The costs associated with the agreement are expensed as incurred and will be reflected as a component of research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Funds received from the Feasibility Agreement will be recorded as revenue as the Company is the principal participant in the arrangement because the activities under the Feasibility Agreement are part of the Company’s development programs. In those instances where the Company first receives consideration in advance of providing underlying services, the Company classifies such consideration as deferred revenue until (or as) the Company provides the underlying services. In those instances where the Company first provides the underlying services prior to its receipt of consideration, the Company records a grant receivable. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had deferred grant revenue of $24,315 and $0, respectively.

Research and Development Expenses

In accordance with authoritative guidance, the Company charges research and development costs to operations as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of personnel costs for the design, development, testing and enhancement of the Company’s technology, and certain other allocated costs, such as depreciation and other facilities related expenditures.

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive share equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. Since the Company has had net losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive. Basic weighted average shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 include 400,000 shares underlying a warrant to purchase common shares. As the shares underlying this warrant can be issued for little consideration (an aggregate exercise price of $0.01 per share), these shares are deemed to be issued for purposes of basic earnings per share.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had the following potential common stock equivalents outstanding which were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share because inclusion thereof would be anti-dilutive:

	Year Ended		Year Ended
	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Stock Options		2,610,495		2,139,078
Warrants		417,355		1,076,463
		3,027,850		3,215,541

Common Stock Warrants

The Company classifies as equity any warrants that (i) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) provide the Company with a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in its own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement). The Company classifies as assets or liabilities any contracts that (i) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside the Company’s control), (ii) gives the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement) or (iii) that contain reset provisions that do not qualify for the scope exception. The Company assesses classification of its common stock warrants and other freestanding derivatives at each reporting date to determine whether a change in classification between assets and liabilities is required. The Company’s freestanding derivatives consist of warrants to purchase common stock that were issued in connection with services provided to the Company. The Company evaluated these warrants to assess their proper classification and determined that the common stock warrants meet the criteria for equity classification in the consolidated balance sheet. Such warrants are measured at fair value, which the Company determines using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model.

Beneficial Conversion Feature

On the date of the IPO, the outstanding Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”), and related accrued and unpaid dividends, automatically converted into shares of the Company’s common stock. The conversion share calculation was based on the $2.50 initial issuance price for the Series A Preferred Stock plus any accrued but unpaid dividends and converted to common stock using a stated divisor conversion price equal to 50% of the IPO price to the public, which was $5.00 per share. In accordance with relevant accounting literature, since the stated terms of the conversion option did not permit the Company to compute the additional number of shares that it would need to issue upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock when the contingent event occurred, the Company recorded the beneficial conversion amount of approximately $23,930,000 as a deemed dividend at the date of the IPO.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company computes stock-based compensation in accordance with authoritative guidance. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model to determine the fair value of its stock options. The Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model includes various assumptions, including the fair market value of the common stock of the Company, expected life of stock options, the expected volatility and the expected risk-free interest rate, among others. These assumptions reflect the Company’s best estimates, but they involve inherent uncertainties based on market conditions generally outside the control of the Company.

As a result, if other assumptions had been used, stock-based compensation cost, as determined in accordance with authoritative guidance, could have been materially impacted. Furthermore, if the Company uses different assumptions on future grants, stock-based compensation cost could be materially affected in future periods.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the fair value of stock-based compensation and warrants, valuation allowance against deferred tax assets and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recent Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This ASU will require lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet for leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU No. 2016-02 supersedes the lease accounting requirements of ASC Topic 840, Leases. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020, using the modified retrospective approach, which did not cause adjustments to prior comparative periods. The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company has elected the following “package of practical expedients” when assessing the transition impact as the lessee as of January 1, 2020: (1) not to reassess whether any expired or existing contracts, contain leases; (2) not to reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (3) not to reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are considered short-term leases and are not recorded on the balance sheet as the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company reviewed all contracts that may contain leases and has determined that there was no impact related to the adoption of ASU 2016-02 as the only contract that contains a lease on the adoption date is for office space in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, which is considered a short-term lease. See Note 4 for more information regarding the leased office space.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception, (ASU 2017-11). Part I of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. Part II of this update addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests. The amendments in Part II of this update do not have an accounting effect. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and effective for all other entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The guidance in this ASU expands the scope of ASC Topic 718 to include all share-based payment arrangements related to the acquisition of goods and services from both nonemployees and employees. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and effective for all other entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which clarifies and simplifies certain aspects of the accounting for income taxes. The standard is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2021 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments – Equity Securities, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and Derivatives and Hedging – Clarifying the Interactions Between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815, intended to clarify the interactions between ASC 321, ASC 323 and ASC 815. The new standard addresses accounting for the transition into and out of the equity method and measurement of certain purchased options and forward contracts to acquire investments. The standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of the standard requires changes to be made prospectively. The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2021 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.