BACKGROUND, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

BACKGROUND, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

BACKGROUND, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 1 – BACKGROUND, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Business Operations

Karbon-X Corp. ("Karbon-X" or the "Company") was incorporated in the State of Nevada on September 13, 2017, and established a fiscal year end of May 31.

On February 21, 2022, pursuant to the terms of a Share Exchange Agreement, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Karbon-X Project Inc. ("Karbon-X"), and Karbon-X became the wholly owned subsidiary of the Company in a reverse acquisition (the "Reverse Acquisition"). Pursuant to the Reverse Acquisition, all of the issued and outstanding shares of Karbon-X common stock were converted, at an exchange ratio of 20,000-for-1, into an aggregate of 20,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock, resulting in Karbon-X becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and all debt owed to the related party of Cocoluv, Inc. was forgiven. The accompanying financial statements' share information has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the exchange ratio in the Reverse Acquisition. As part of the Reverse Acquisition, on April 14, 2022 the Company changed its name to Karbon-X Corp.

Under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("US GAAP") because the combined entity will be dependent on Karbon-X's senior management, the Reverse Acquisition was accounted for as a recapitalization effected by a share exchange, wherein Karbon-X is considered the acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes. On the date of the reorganization, the assets and liabilities of Karbon-X have been brought forward at their book value and consolidated with Cocoluv, Inc.’s assets, which comprised of cash and cash equivalents of $134 and liabilities which comprises due to related party of $99,902. No goodwill has been recognized. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities and the historical operations that are reflected in the consolidated financial statements are those of Karbon-X and are recorded at the historical cost basis of Karbon-X.

The Company provides customized transactional options, tailored insights, and scalable access to the Verified Emissions Reduction markets. Karbon-X engages the public with technology-based greenhouse gas reduction projects, allowing the purchase of carbon offsets through a subscription-based app.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The financial statements are presented in United States dollars and prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (US GAAP).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, as well as related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable represent amounts due from customers for goods or services provided by the Company. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount. 

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), also known as the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) model, the Company now utilizes a forward-looking approach to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the receivables. This model considers historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts to assess credit risk.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets which are all five years.

Costs of major additions and improvements are capitalized while expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the life of the asset, are expensed. Upon sale or disposition of property and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are eliminated from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to income. Long-lived assets held and used by us are reviewed based on market factors and operational considerations for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

Investments 

The Company accounts for investments with a 20% to 50% ownership and a significant, but not controlling influence as equity method investments. Investments with a greater than 50% ownership and a controlling influence are accounted for using the consolidation method. The Company assesses the potential impairment of equity method investments when indicators such as a history of operating losses, negative earnings and cash flow outlook, and the financial condition and prospects for the investee's business segment might indicate a loss in value. The Company previously accounted for its investment in Silviculture Systems using the equity method and its investment in its subsidiary Karbon-X Project, Inc using the consolidation method.

During November 2023, the Company has abandoned the silviculture investment deal and decided to write off the carrying value of the Equity Investment in Silviculture. Accordingly, amidst ongoing disputes which we are currently discussing, the Company has written off the carrying value of Investment of USD $2,564,203, accumulated value of shares to be issued $1,500,000 and recognized loss on write off $1,064,203 in its statement of operations for the year ended May 31, 2024.

Foreign Currency Translation 

The functional currency of the Company is the Canadian Dollar (“CAD”). For financial statement purposes, the reporting currency is the United States Dollar (“USD”).

For financial reporting purposes, the consolidated financial statements are translated into the Company’s reporting currency, USD. Asset, liability and equity accounts are translated using the closing exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expense accounts are translated using the average exchange rate prevailing during the reporting period.

Adjustments resulting from the translation, if any, are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholder’s equity (deficit).

Warrants

There is estimation uncertainty with respect to selecting inputs to the Black-Sholes model used to determine the fair value of a single outstanding warrant issuance (Note 10). These inputs include the stock price of $0.25, exercise price of $0.75, time to maturity of two years, annual risk-free interest rate ranging from 4.33% - 4.74%, and annualized volatility ranging from 1294.9% - 1279.3%.

The above estimates and assumptions are reviewed regularly. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

Significant Estimates

Significant estimates applied in the preparation of these financial statements include the estimated useful lives of property and equipment, share volatility and estimated life of options and warrants in determining their fair value as well as the expected potential for the realization of deferred tax assets in determining the amount of the valuation allowance thereto.

Earnings per Common Share

The basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the Company’s net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares during the year. The diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing the Company’s net loss available to common shareholders by the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. The diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding is the basic weighted number of shares adjusted for any potentially dilutive debt or equity. As of November 30, 2024, potential dilutive securities had an anti-dilutive effect and were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the comparative periods presented have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported net income, comprehensive income, total assets, or shareholders' equity.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has issued several updates relevant to the Company:

· Update 2024-04: Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments. Effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted.

· Update 2024-03: Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. Effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted.

· Update 2024-02: Codification Improvements—Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements. Effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. For all other entities, effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Early application is permitted.

· Update 2024-01: Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards. Effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within those annual periods. For all other entities, effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted.

The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these provisions on its consolidated financial statements

Going Concern

To date, the Company has generated minimal revenues from its business operations and has incurred operating losses since inception of $(6,903,663). The Company will require additional funding to meet its ongoing obligations and to fund anticipated operating losses. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on raising capital to fund its initial business plan and ultimately to attain profitable operations. Accordingly, these factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company intends to continue to fund its business by way of private placements and advances from related parties as may be required. These financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from this uncertainty.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires the Company to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs, when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:

· Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;

· Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly in the marketplace for identical or similar assets and liabilities; and

· Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The carrying amount of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities.