17.	FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

(a)

Overview

The Group's principal financial instruments comprise receivables, payables, cash, and short-term deposits. The main risks arising from the Group's financial instruments are interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, credit risk and liquidity risk.

This note presents information about the Group's exposure to each of the above risks, its objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk, and the management of capital. Other than as disclosed, there have been no significant changes since the previous financial year to the exposure to or management of these risks.

The Group manages its exposure to key financial risks in accordance with the Group's financial risk management policy. Key risks are monitored and reviewed as circumstances change (e.g. acquisition of a new project) and policies are revised as required. The overall objective of the Group's financial risk management policy is to support the delivery of the Group's financial targets whilst protecting future financial security.

Given the nature and size of the business and uncertainty as to the timing and amount of cash inflows and outflows, the Group does not enter into derivative transactions to mitigate the financial risks. In addition, the Group's policy is that no trading in financial instruments shall be undertaken for the purposes of making speculative gains. As the Group's operations change, the Directors will review this policy periodically going forward.

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the risk management framework. The Board reviews and agrees policies for managing the Group's financial risks as summarised below.

(b)	Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. This arises principally from cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables.

There are no significant concentrations of credit risk within the Group. The carrying amount of the Group's financial assets represents the maximum credit risk exposure, as represented below:

		2018		2017
	Note	US$		US$
Cash and cash equivalents	5		7,238,489		3,536,318
Trade and other receivables	6		72,110		33,977
			7,310,599		3,570,295

The Group does not have any significant customers and accordingly does not have any significant exposure to bad or doubtful debts.

Trade and other receivables comprise primarily accrued interest revenue and GST refunds due. Where possible the Group trades only with recognised, creditworthy third parties. It is the Group's policy that all customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures. In addition, receivable balances are monitored on an ongoing basis with the result that the Group's exposure to bad debts is not significant. At June 30, 2018 none (2017: none) of the Group's receivables are past due. No impairment losses on receivables have been recognised.

With respect to credit risk arising from cash and cash equivalents, the Group's exposure to credit risk arises from default of the counter party, with a maximum exposure equal to the carrying amount of these instruments.

(c)	Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Board's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that the Group will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due. At June 30, 2017 and 2018, the Group had sufficient liquid assets to meet its financial obligations.

The contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments, are provided below. There are no netting arrangements in respect of financial liabilities.

	≤6 Months		6-12 Months		1-5 Years		≥5 Years		Total
	US$		US$		US$		US$		US$
2018 Group Financial Liabilities
Trade and other payables		1,989,084		—		—		—		1,989,084
		1,989,084		—		—		—		1,989,084
2017 Group Financial Liabilities
Trade and other payables		483,427		—		—		—		483,427
		483,427		—		—		—		483,427

(d)	Interest Rate Risk

The Group's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the cash and short-term deposits with a floating interest rate.

These financial assets with variable rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk. All other financial assets and liabilities, in the form of receivables and payables are non-interest bearing.

At the reporting date, the interest rate profile of the Group's interest-bearing financial instruments was:

		2018		2017
	Note	US$		US$
Interest-bearing financial instruments
Cash at bank and on hand	5		2,714,776		844,118
Short term deposits	5		4,523,713		2,692,200
			7,238,489		3,536,318

The Group's cash at bank and on hand and short-term deposits had a weighted average floating interest rate at year end of 1.89% (2017: 2.33%).

The Group currently does not engage in any hedging or derivative transactions to manage interest rate risk.

Interest rate sensitivity

A sensitivity of 1% (100 basis points) has been selected as this is considered reasonable given the current level of both short term and long-term interest rates. A 1% (100 basis points) movement in interest rates at the reporting date would have increased (decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular foreign currency rates, remain constant. The analysis is performed on the same basis for 2017.

	Profit or loss				Equity
		+1%	-1%			+1%	-1%	%
		US$	US$			US$	US$
2018 Group
Cash and cash equivalents		64,857	(64,857	)		64,857	(64,857	)

2017 Group
Cash and cash equivalents		34,970	(34,918	)		34,970	(34,918	)

(e)	Foreign Currency Risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash outflows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

During the 2018 financial year, the Group changed its presentation currency from A$ to US$. Following this change, the Group’s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rate relates primarily to assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than US$. The Group also has transactional currency exposures relating to transactions denominated in currencies other than US$. The currency in which these transactions primarily are denominated is A$.

It is the Group’s policy not to enter into any hedging or derivative transactions to manage foreign currency risk.

At June 30, 2018, the majority of the Group’s cash reserves were denominated in US$, being US$5.2 million.

At the reporting date, the Group’s exposure to financial instruments denominated in foreign currencies was:

A$ denominated financial assets and liabilities	2018 A$ exposure (US$ Equivalent)		2017 A$ exposure (US$ Equivalent)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents		1,971,129		3,496,163
Trade and other receivables		35,493		10,508
Financial liabilities
Trade and other payables		143,181		75,463
Net exposure		1,863,441		3,431,208

Foreign exchange rate sensitivity

At the reporting date, had the US$ appreciated or depreciated against the A$, as illustrated in the table below, profit or loss and equity would have been affected by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables remain constant.

	Profit or loss					Other Comprehensive Income
	10% Increase US$		10% Decrease US$			10% Increase US$		10% Decrease US$
2018 Group		186,344		(186,344	)		186,344		(186,344	)
2017 Group		343,121		(343,121	)		343,121		(343,121	)

(f)	Commodity Price Risk

The Group is exposed to commodity price risk. These commodity prices can be volatile and are influenced by factors beyond the Group's control. As the Group is currently engaged in exploration and development activities, no sales of commodities are forecast for the next 12 months, and accordingly, no hedging or derivative transactions have been used to manage commodity price risk.

(g)	Capital Management

The Board's policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business. Given the stage of development of the Group, the Board's objective is to minimise debt and to raise funds as required through the issue of new shares. The Group is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements.

There were no changes in the Group's approach to capital management during the 2018 financial year.

(h)	Fair Value

The net fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities approximates their carrying value. The methods for estimating fair value are outlined in the relevant notes to the financial statements.