10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

☐   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-38770

EPSILON ENERGY LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Alberta, Canada	98-1476367
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S Employer Identification No.)

16945 Northchase Drive, Suite 1610

Houston, Texas 77060

(281) 670-0002

(Address of principal executive offices including zip code and

telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, no par value	EPSN	NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ◻ Accelerated filer ◻ Non-accelerated filer ⌧ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Yes ☐ No ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ⌧

As of November 10, 2022, there were 23,027,441 Common Shares outstanding.

Table of Contents

Contents
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		4
PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION		5
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		5
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets		5
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)		6
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity		7
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		9
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		10
1.	Description of Business	10
2.	Basis of Preparation	10
	Interim Financial Statements	10
	Principles of Consolidation	10
	Use of Estimates	10
	Recently Issued Accounting Standards	10
3.	Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	11
4.	Property and Equipment	12
	Property Impairment	12
5.	Revolving Line of Credit	12
6.	Shareholders’ Equity	13
7.	Revenue Recognition	17
8.	Income Taxes	19
9.	Commitments and Contingencies	19
	Litigation	19
10.	Net Income Per Share	20
11.	Operating Segments	21
12.	Risk Management Activities	24
	Commodity Price Risks	24
	Commodity Derivative Contracts	24
13.	Asset Retirement Obligations	26
14.	Fair Value Measurements	26
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		27
	Overview	27
	Business Strategy	27
	Operational Highlights	27
	Non-GAAP Financial Measures-Adjusted EBITDA	28
	Net Operating Revenues	30
	Operating Costs	31
	Loss on Derivative Contracts	32
	Capital Resources and Liquidity	32
	Cash Flow	32
	Credit Agreement	33
	Repurchase Transactions	33
	Derivative Transactions	34

	Contractual Obligations	34
	Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements	34
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK		34
	Gathering System Revenue Risk	35
	Interest Rate Risk	35
	Derivative Contracts	35
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES		35
	Disclosure Controls and Procedures	35
	Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting	35
	Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls	35
PART II OTHER INFORMATION		36
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS		36
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS		36
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS		36
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES		37
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES		37
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION		37
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS		38
SIGNATURES		38

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this report constitute forward-looking statements. The use of any of the words ‘‘anticipate,’’ ‘‘continue,’’ ‘‘estimate,’’ ‘‘expect,’’ ‘‘may,’’ ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘project,’’ ‘‘should,’’ ‘‘believe,’’ and similar expressions and statements relating to matters that are not historical facts constitute ‘‘forward looking information’’ within the meaning of applicable securities laws. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated. Such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct and the forward-looking statements included in this report should not be unduly relied upon. These statements are made only as of the date of this report. All statements that address operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future — including statements relating to natural gas and oil production rates, commodity prices for crude oil or natural gas, supply and demand for natural gas and oil; the estimated quantity of natural gas and oil reserves, including reserve life; future development and production costs, and statements expressing general views about future operating results — are forward-looking statements. Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made. However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as of the date when made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our present expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should consider carefully the statements under Item 1A. Risk Factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 is available on our website at www.epsilonenergyltd.com.

4

PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

EPSILON ENERGY LTD.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,254,729	$	26,497,305
Accounts receivable		10,069,516		4,596,931
Fair value of derivatives		32,326		—
Other current assets		775,587		569,870
Total current assets		51,132,158		31,664,106
Non-current assets
Property and equipment:
Oil and gas properties, successful efforts method
Proved properties		147,196,218		138,032,413
Unproved properties		18,085,385		21,700,926
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment		(106,457,257)		(102,480,972)
Total oil and gas properties, net		58,824,346		57,252,367
Gathering system		42,617,954		42,475,086
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment		(34,262,838)		(33,443,949)
Total gathering system, net		8,355,116		9,031,137
Land		637,764		637,764
Buildings and other property and equipment, net		295,446		309,102
Total property and equipment, net		68,112,672		67,230,370
Other assets:
Restricted cash		569,883		568,118
Total non-current assets		68,682,555		67,798,488
Total assets	$	119,814,713	$	99,462,594
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable trade	$	2,203,443	$	1,189,905
Gathering fees payable		1,020,921		963,546
Royalties payable		2,827,880		1,853,508
Income taxes payable		3,119,671		1,098,425
Accrued capital expenditures		398,026		1,016,830
Other accrued liabilities		1,001,792		1,098,127
Fair value of derivatives		—		239,824
Asset retirement obligations		—		85,207
Total current liabilities		10,571,733		7,545,372
Non-current liabilities
Asset retirement obligations		2,758,831		2,748,449
Deferred income taxes		10,345,297		9,905,440
Total non-current liabilities		13,104,128		12,653,889
Total liabilities		23,675,861		20,199,261
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Shareholders' equity
Common shares, no par value, unlimited shares authorized and 23,571,108 issued and 23,011,608 outstanding at September 30, 2022 and 24,202,218 issued and 23,668,203 shares outstanding at December 31, 2021		127,231,845		131,815,739
Treasury shares, 559,500 at September 30, 2022 and 534,015 at December 31, 2021		(3,326,880)		(2,423,007)
Additional paid-in capital		9,672,152		8,835,203
Accumulated deficit		(47,208,598)		(68,783,207)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		9,770,333		9,818,605
Total shareholders' equity		96,138,852		79,263,333
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	119,814,713	$	99,462,594

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

5

EPSILON ENERGY LTD.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Gas, oil, NGL, and condensate revenue	$	19,171,121	$	11,062,443	$	48,566,282	$	22,740,352
Gas gathering and compression revenue		2,072,806		2,038,616		6,180,747		5,891,868
Total revenue		21,243,927		13,101,059		54,747,029		28,632,220
Operating costs and expenses:
Lease operating expenses		2,399,092		2,240,259		6,791,496		5,618,585
Gathering system operating expenses		225,809		138,887		556,515		503,381
Development geological and geophysical expenses		2,387		11,583		7,159		34,573
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion		1,706,030		1,846,911		4,898,988		5,175,865
Gain on sale of oil and gas properties		—		—		(221,642)		—
General and administrative expenses:
Stock based compensation expense		500,597		300,249		836,949		738,789
Other general and administrative expenses		2,015,272		1,461,703		4,651,547		4,837,164
Total operating costs and expenses		6,849,187		5,999,592		17,521,012		16,908,357
Operating income		14,394,740		7,101,467		37,226,017		11,723,863
Other income (expense):
Interest income		89,638		11,070		126,804		27,786
Interest expense		(17,501)		(16,962)		(33,565)		(66,380)
Loss on derivative contracts		(929,637)		(5,055,130)		(1,124,547)		(6,417,123)
Other (expense) income		(32,777)		(907)		(99,896)		756
Other income (expense), net		(890,277)		(5,061,929)		(1,131,204)		(6,454,961)
Net income before income tax expense		13,504,463		2,039,538		36,094,813		5,268,902
Income tax expense		3,896,010		643,072		10,097,484		1,621,894
NET INCOME	$	9,608,453	$	1,396,466	$	25,997,329	$	3,647,008
Currency translation adjustments		(34,524)		(15)		(48,272)		(1,256)
NET COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	9,573,929	$	1,396,451	$	25,949,057	$	3,645,751
Net income per share, basic	$	0.42	$	0.06	$	1.11	$	0.15
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.41	$	0.06	$	1.11	$	0.15
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic		23,011,729		23,564,288		23,419,666		23,757,895
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, diluted		23,169,658		23,772,943		23,524,574		23,871,495

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

6

EPSILON ENERGY LTD.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

									Accumulated
									Other				Total
	Common Shares Issued			Treasury Shares			Additional		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Shareholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		paid-in Capital		Income		Deficit		Equity
Balance at January 1, 2022	24,202,218	$	131,815,739	(534,015)	$	(2,423,007)	$	8,835,203	$	9,818,605	$	(68,783,207)	$	79,263,333
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		—		5,805,888		5,805,888
Dividends	—		—	—		—		—		—		(1,483,027)		(1,483,027)
Stock-based compensation expenses	—		—	—		—		142,302		—		—		142,302
Exercise of stock options	38,750		209,312	—		—		—		—		—		209,312
Retirement of treasury shares	(534,015)		(2,423,007)	534,015		2,423,007		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive income	—		—	—		—		—		5,402		—		5,402
Balance at March 31, 2022	23,706,953	$	129,602,044	—	$	—	$	8,977,505	$	9,824,007	$	(64,460,346)	$	83,943,210
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		—		10,582,988		10,582,988
Dividends	—		—	—		—		—		—		(1,486,650)		(1,486,650)
Stock-based compensation expenses	—		—	—		—		194,050		—		—		194,050
Exercise of stock options	72,500		399,475	—		—		—		—		—		399,475
Buyback of common shares	—		—	(697,100)		(4,554,822)		—		—		—		(4,554,822)
Retirement of treasury shares	(423,000)		(2,907,999)	423,000		2,907,999		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—		—		(19,150)		—		(19,150)
Balance at June 30, 2022	23,356,453	$	127,093,520	(274,100)	$	(1,646,823)	$	9,171,555	$	9,804,857	$	(55,364,008)	$	89,059,101
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		—		9,608,453		9,608,453
Dividends	—		—	—		—		—		—		(1,453,043)		(1,453,043)
Stock-based compensation expenses	—		—	—		—		500,597		—		—		500,597
Exercise of stock options	27,500		138,325	—		—		—		—		—		138,325
Buyback of common shares	—		—	(285,400)		(1,680,057)		—		—		—		(1,680,057)
Vesting of shares of restricted stock	187,155		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—		—		(34,524)		—		(34,524)
Balance at September 30, 2022	23,571,108	$	127,231,845	(559,500)	$	(3,326,880)	$	9,672,152	$	9,770,333	$	(47,208,598)	$	96,138,852

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

7

									Accumulated
									Other				Total
	Common Shares Issued			Treasury Shares			Additional		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Shareholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		paid-in Capital		Income		Deficit		Equity
Balance at January 1, 2021	23,985,799	$	131,730,401	—	$	—	$	7,879,119	$	9,820,647	$	(80,410,724)	$	69,019,443
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		—		2,735,567		2,735,567
Stock-based compensation expenses	—		—	—		—		202,499		—		—		202,499
Buyback of common shares	—		—	(123,200)		(492,479)		—		—		—		(492,479)
Other comprehensive income	—		—	—		—		—		242		—		242
Balance at March 31, 2021	23,985,799	$	131,730,401	(123,200)	$	(492,479)	$	8,081,618	$	9,820,889	$	(77,675,157)	$	71,465,272
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(485,025)		(485,025)
Stock-based compensation expenses	—		—	—		—		236,041		—		—		236,041
Buyback of common shares	—		—	(141,015)		(568,989)		—		—		—		(568,989)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—		—		(1,484)		—		(1,484)
Balance at June 30, 2021	23,985,799	$	131,730,401	(264,215)	$	(1,061,468)	$	8,317,659	$	9,819,405	$	(78,160,182)	$	70,645,816
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		—		1,396,466		1,396,466
Stock-based compensation expenses	—		—	—		—		300,249		—		—		300,249
Buyback of common shares	—		—	(261,400)		(1,315,713)		—		—		—		(1,315,713)
Vesting of shares of restricted stock	20,834		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—		—		(15)		—		(15)
Balance at September 30, 2021	24,006,633	$	131,730,401	(525,615)	$	(2,377,181)	$	8,617,908	$	9,819,391	$	(76,763,716)	$	71,026,803

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

8

EPSILON ENERGY LTD.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	25,997,329	$	3,647,008
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion		4,898,988		5,175,865
Loss on derivative contracts		1,124,547		6,417,123
Gain on sale of oil and gas properties		(221,642)		—
Settlement paid on derivative contracts		(1,396,697)		(2,488,702)
Settlement of asset retirement obligation		(118,260)		—
Stock-based compensation expense		836,949		738,789
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)		439,857		(651,606)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(5,472,585)		(3,558,519)
Other current assets		(205,717)		(6,920)
Accounts payable, royalties payable and other accrued liabilities		1,511,652		3,237,559
Income taxes payable		2,021,246		1,016,153
Net cash provided by operating activities		29,415,667		13,526,750
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to unproved oil and gas properties		(226,439)		(140,498)
Additions to proved oil and gas properties		(5,528,037)		(3,479,386)
Additions to gathering system properties		(129,985)		(199,801)
Additions to land, buildings and property and equipment		(13,258)		(5,745)
Proceeds from sale of oil and gas properties		200,000		—
Prepaid drilling costs		—		379
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,697,719)		(3,825,051)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Buyback of common shares		(6,234,879)		(2,377,181)
Exercise of stock options		747,112		—
Dividends		(4,422,720)		—
Net cash used in financing activities		(9,910,487)		(2,377,181)
Effect of currency rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(48,272)		(1,257)
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		13,759,189		7,323,261
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		27,065,423		13,836,771
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	40,824,612	$	21,160,032
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Income taxes paid	$	7,626,000	$	1,164,025
Interest paid	$	50,872	$	78,980
Non-cash investing activities:
Change in unproved properties accrued in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	—	$	(65,000)
Change in proved properties accrued in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	(194,391)	$	(18,150)
Change in gathering system accrued in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	12,882	$	16,225
Asset retirement obligation asset additions and adjustments	$	10,821	$	(29,853)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

9

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Description of Business

Epsilon Energy Ltd. (the “Company” or “Epsilon” or “we”) was incorporated under the laws of the Province of Alberta, Canada on March 14, 2005. On October 24, 2007, the Company became a publicly traded entity trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) in Canada. On February 14, 2019, Epsilon’s registration statement on Form 10 was declared effective by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and on February 19, 2019, the Company began trading in the United States on the NASDAQ Global Market under the trading symbol “EPSN.” The Company is engaged in the acquisition, development, gathering and production of primarily natural gas reserves in the United States.

2. Basis of Preparation

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the appropriate rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. All adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included. The interim financial information and notes hereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full fiscal year.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Epsilon Energy USA, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Epsilon Midstream, LLC, Dewey Energy GP, LLC, Dewey Energy Holdings, LLC, Epsilon Operating, LLC, and Altolisa Holdings, LLC. With regard to the gathering system, in which Epsilon owns an undivided interest in the asset, proportionate consolidation accounting is used. All inter-company transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates pertain to proved natural gas and oil reserves and related cash flow estimates used in impairment tests of natural gas and oil, and gathering system properties, asset retirement obligations, accrued natural gas and oil revenues and operating expenses, accrued gathering system revenues and operating expenses, as well as the valuation of commodity derivative instruments. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The Company, an emerging growth company (“EGC”), has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period provided for in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards which allows the Company to defer adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), codified as ASC 848 (“ASC 848”). This was followed by ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”), issued in January 2021. The purpose of ASC 848 is to provide optional guidance to ease the potential effects on financial reporting of the market-wide migration away from Interbank Offered Rates (“IBORs”) to alternative reference rates. ASC

10

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

848 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference a reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance may be applied upon issuance of ASC 848 through December 31, 2022. We do not expect a material impact from the adoption of this ASU.

In June 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which removes the thresholds that companies apply to measure credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost, such as loans, receivables, and held-to-maturity debt securities. Under current U.S. GAAP, companies generally recognize credit losses when it is probable that the loss has been incurred. The revised guidance will remove all recognition thresholds and will require companies to recognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the Company expects to collect over the instrument’s contractual life. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and must be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. Epsilon will adopt ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023. We do not expect a material impact from the adoption of this ASU.

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which will require lessees to recognize a right of use asset and a lease liability on their balance sheet for all leases, including operating leases, with a term of greater than 12 months. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, which adds a transition option permitting entities to apply the provisions of the new standard at its adoption date instead of the earliest comparative period presented in the consolidated financial statements. Under this transition option, comparative reporting would not be required, and the provisions of the standard would be applied prospectively to leases in effect at the date of adoption.

The Company has determined its portfolio of leased assets and is completing its review of all related contracts to determine the impact the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Upon adoption, the Company will recognize a right of use asset and lease liability for certain commitments related to office space that will be accounted for as an operating lease. To track these lease arrangements and facilitate compliance with this ASU, the Company is in the process of designing processes and internal controls.

The adoption of this ASU will increase asset and liability balances on the consolidated balance sheets due to the required recognition of a right of use asset and corresponding lease liabilities. The Company plans to elect the available package practical expedients provided in the standard and adopt Topic 842 as of January 1, 2022 at December 31, 2022 on its Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2022, using the optional transition method provided by ASU 2018-11 and continues to assess potential effects of the standard.

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

Restricted cash consists of amounts deposited to back bonds or letters of credit for potential well liabilities. The Company presents restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total of the amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of September 30, 2022 and December, 31 2021:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,254,729	$	26,497,305
Restricted cash included in other assets		569,883		568,118
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows	$	40,824,612	$	27,065,423

11

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

4.  Property and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property and equipment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Property and equipment:
Oil and gas properties, successful efforts method
Proved properties	$	147,196,218	$	138,032,413
Unproved properties		18,085,385		21,700,926
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment		(106,457,257)		(102,480,972)
Total oil and gas properties, net		58,824,346		57,252,367
Gathering system		42,617,954		42,475,086
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment		(34,262,838)		(33,443,949)
Total gathering system, net		8,355,116		9,031,137
Land		637,764		637,764
Buildings and other property and equipment, net		295,446		309,102
Total property and equipment, net	$	68,112,672	$	67,230,370

Property Impairment

Epsilon uses the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas producing activities. Under this method, exploration costs, such as exploratory geological and geophysical costs, expiration of unproved leasehold, delay rentals and exploration overhead are expensed as incurred. All costs related to production, general corporate overhead and similar activities are also expensed as incurred. All property acquisition costs and development costs are capitalized when incurred.

Epsilon performs a quantitative impairment test quarterly or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset group's carrying amount may not be recoverable, over proved properties using the published NYMEX forward prices, timing, methods and other assumptions consistent with historical periods. When indicators of impairment are present, GAAP requires that the Company first compares expected future undiscounted cash flows by asset group to their respective carrying values. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, a reduction of the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to their estimated fair values is required, which is determined based on discounted cash flow techniques using significant assumptions including projected revenues, future commodity prices, and a market-specific weighted average cost of capital which are affected by expectations about future market and economic conditions. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, no impairment was required.

5. Revolving Line of Credit

The Company has a senior secured revolving credit facility (“Facility”) which includes a total commitment of up to $100 million. The current borrowing base is $14 million, which is subject to semi-annual redetermination. There are currently no borrowings under the Facility. If Epsilon decided to access the Facility, depending on the level of borrowing, the Company might need to increase its hedging activity. Borrowings from the Facility may be used for the acquisition and development of oil and gas properties, investments in cash flow generating assets complimentary to the production of oil and gas, and for letters of credit and other general corporate purposes. Upon each advance, interest is charged at the highest of a) rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin (2.75%-3.75% based on the percent of the line of credit utilized), b) the Prime Rate, or c) the sum of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%.

12

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Effective April 6, 2021, the agreement was amended to extend the maturity date to March 1, 2024. In addition, the agreement was amended to include a Benchmark Replacement definition and transition plan to be used at such time when the LIBOR rate is discontinued.

On August 2, 2022, the borrowing base of $14 million was reaffirmed until the next periodic redetermination of the borrowing base.

The lender under the Credit Facility has a first priority security interest in the tangible and intangible assets, including the gathering system, of Epsilon Energy USA, Inc. to secure any outstanding amounts under the agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company must maintain the following covenants:

● Interest coverage ratio greater than 3 based on income adjusted for interest, taxes and non-cash amounts.

● Current ratio, adjusted for line of credit amounts used and available and non-cash amounts, greater than 1.

● Leverage ratio less than 3.0 based on income adjusted for interest, taxes and non-cash amounts.

The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants of the Credit Facility as of September 30, 2022 and expects to be in compliance with the financial covenants for the next 12 months.

An annual commitment fee of 0.50% is assessed and paid quarterly on the daily average unused borrowing base on the Credit Facility.

	Balance at		Balance at
	September 30,		December 31,		Current		Interest Rate
	2022		2021		Borrowing Base		3 mo.
Revolving line of credit	$	—	$	—	$	14,000,000		LIBOR + 3.25% (1)

(1) At September 30, 2022, the interest rate was 6.394%.

6. Shareholders’ Equity

(a)Authorized shares

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares with no par value and an unlimited number of Preferred Shares with no par value.

(b)Purchases of Equity Shares

Normal Course Issuer Bid

Commencing on March 8, 2022, the Company conducted a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) to repurchase our issued and outstanding common shares, when doing so was accretive to management’s estimates of intrinsic value per share. The NCIB ends on March 7, 2023. The Company uses discretionary cash to fund these repurchases. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon repurchased 285,400 common shares and 982,500 common shares, respectively, of the authorized 1,183,410 purchase amount and spent $1,680,057 and $6,234,879, respectively, under the NCIB. The repurchased stock had an average price of $6.32 per share (excluding commissions). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company cancelled zero and 423,000 common shares, respectively.

Commencing on January 1, 2021, Epsilon conducted a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) to repurchase our issued and outstanding common shares, when doing so was accretive to management's estimates of intrinsic value per share. The NCIB ended on December 31, 2021. The Company used discretionary cash to fund these repurchases. During

13

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

the year ended December 31, 2021, Epsilon repurchased 534,015 common shares of the authorized 1,193,000 purchase amount and spent $2,423,007 under the NCIB. The repurchased stock had an average price of $4.51 per share (excluding commissions) and were subsequently cancelled during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Repurchases may be made at management’s discretion from time to time through the facilities of the NASDAQ Global Market. The price paid for the common shares will be, subject to applicable securities laws, the prevailing market price of such common shares on the NASDAQ Global Market at the time of such purchase. The Company intends to fund the purchase out of available cash and does not expect to incur debt to fund the share repurchase program. The shares are accounted for as treasury shares until such a time as they are cancelled.

The following table contains activity relating to our acquisition of equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

				Maximum number
				of shares that
				may yet be
	Total number	Average price		purchased under
	of shares	paid per		the plans or
	purchased	share		programs
Beginning of normal-course issuer bid, March 8, 2022					1,183,410
March 2022 (1)	—	$	—
April 2022 (1)	23,700	$	6.63
May 2022 (1)	254,500	$	6.99
June 2022 (1)	418,900	$	6.21
July 2022 (1)	249,800	$	5.83
August 2022 (1)	33,200	$	6.09
September 2022 (1)	2,400	$	6.00
Total as of September 30, 2022	982,500	$	6.32		200,910

(1) Epsilon repurchased these shares under its share repurchase program that commenced on March 8, 2022, as described above.

(c)Equity Incentive Plan

Epsilon’s board of directors (the “Board”) adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) on July 22, 2020 subject to approval by Epsilon’s shareholders at Epsilon’s 2020 Annual General and Special Meeting of Shareholders, which occurred on September 1, 2020 (the “Meeting”). Shareholders approved the 2020 Plan at the Meeting. Following Epsilon’s listing on the NASDAQ Global Market, the Board determined that it is in the best interest of the shareholders to approve a new incentive plan that is compliant with U.S. public company equity plan rules and practices that would replace Epsilon’s Amended and Restated 2017 Stock Option Plan (including its predecessors) and the Share Compensation Plan (collectively referred to as the “Predecessor Plans”). No further awards will be granted under the Predecessor Plans.

The 2020 Plan provides for incentive compensation in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and stock units, performance shares and units, other stock-based awards and cash-based awards. Under the 2020 Plan, Epsilon will be authorized to issue up to 2,000,000 Common Shares. As of December 31, 2021, the Company granted, after the Compensation Committee approved the terms, target formulas, and peer group applicable to the performance incentive awards, 20,834 common shares and 48,000 time-based restricted shares to the CEO and the board of directors.

14

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Restricted Stock Awards

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 246,135 shares of Restricted Stock with a weighted average market price at the grant date of $6.22 were awarded to the Company’s board of directors and employees. For the year ended December 31, 2021, 48,000 common shares of Restricted Stock with a weighted average market price at the grant date of $5.04 were awarded to the Company’s board of directors. These shares vest over a three-year period, with one-third of the shares being issued per period on the anniversary of the award resolution. The vesting of the shares is contingent on the individuals’ continued employment or service. The Company determined the fair value of the granted Restricted Stock-based on the market price of the common shares of the Company on the date of grant.

The following table summarizes Restricted Stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the year ended December 31, 2021:

	Nine months ended		Year ended
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Number of	Weighted	Number of	Weighted
	Restricted	Average	Restricted	Average
	Shares	Remaining Life	Shares	Remaining Life
	Outstanding	(years)	Outstanding	(years)
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at beginning of period	166,002	1.38	290,070	1.60
Granted	246,135	1.91	48,000	3.00
Vested	(83,155)	—	(137,668)	—
Forfeited	—	—	(34,400)	—
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at end of period	328,982	1.59	166,002	1.38

Stock compensation expense for the granted Restricted Stock is recognized over the vesting period. Stock compensation expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $366,763 and $608,735, respectively (for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $127,834 and $402,247, respectively).

At September 30, 2022, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation related to these shares of $1,551,041 to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.62 years (at December 31, 2021: $696,833 over 1.11 years).

Performance Share Unit Awards (“PSU”)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 104,000 PSUs vested and were issued. For the year ended December 31, 2021, a total of 62,501 common shares vested and were issued, of which 20,834 of the common shares were granted as a result of the Company exceeding its 2020 TSR performance target. The Company grants PSUs, which are paid in stock, to certain key employees. PSUs are based on a three-year performance period with performance being measured each year at December 31. The PSUs will vest on the last day of the performance period. The number of PSUs that will ultimately vest is based on two performance targets as follows:

● The targets for the PSUs are based on (i) the relative total stockholder return (“TSR”) percentile ranking and (ii) the relative cash flow per debt adjusted share – growth (“CFDAS Growth”) percentile ranking of the Company, each as compared to the Company’s Performance Peer Group during the applicable one-year performance period ending on December 31.

● Cash Flow per Debt Adjusted Share (“CFDAS”) is defined as EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) divided by the sum of the 1) the total debt plus the value of preferred stock minus cash and the amount of dividends paid for the year divided by the share price at the end of the year; and 2) the actual share count at year end.

15

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

● The vesting of each PSU Award will be based 50% on TSR performance and 50% based on CFDAS Growth performance.

● The recipient of the award must be employed with the Company at the time of vesting.

The number of shares ultimately issued under these awards can range from zero to 200% of target award amounts at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

The PSUs are accounted for as equity awards. The fair value of the 50% for performance based on CFDAS Growth was determined as the market price of the common shares of the Company on the date of grant. Weighted average fair value of CFDAS PSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $3.41 per unit. The fair value of the 50% for performance based on TSR was determined on the grant date by the application of a Monte Carlo simulation model.  For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Compensation Committee did not approve the issuance of any new PSU’s.

The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the performance stock awards, to calculate the fair value of the awards. Expected volatilities in the model were estimated using a historical period consistent with the expected term for each annual performance period of the awards. The risk-free interest rate was based on the United States Treasury rate measured over a term commensurate with the expected term for each annual performance period of the awards. The expected term is based on the time between the valuation date and the end of each annual performance period of the awards. The valuation model assumes dividends are immediately reinvested.

The following table summarizes PSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021:

	Nine months ended		Year ended
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Number of	Weighted	Number of	Weighted
	Performance	Average	Performance	Average
	Shares	Remaining Life	Shares	Remaining Life
	Outstanding	(years)	Outstanding	(years)
Balance non-vested PSUs at beginning of period	151,500	0.75	193,167	1.60
Granted	—	—	20,834	—
Vested	(104,000)	—	(62,501)	—
Balance non-vested PSUs at end of period	47,500	0.67	151,500	0.75

Stock compensation expense for the granted PSUs is recognized over the vesting period. Stock compensation expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 related to PSUs was $133,834 and $228,214, respectively (for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $172,415 and $336,542, respectively.

At September 30, 2022, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation related to these shares of $79,202 to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.75 years (at December 31, 2021: $310,790 over 1.01 years).

Stock Options

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had outstanding stock options covering 70,000 Common Shares at an overall average exercise price of $5.03 per Common Share to directors, officers, and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. These 70,000 options have a weighted average expected remaining term of approximately 1.30 years.

16

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021:

	Nine months ended			Year ended
	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
		Weighted				Weighted
	Number of	Average		Number of		Average
	Options	Exercise		Options		Exercise
Exercise price in US$	Outstanding	Price		Outstanding		Price (1)
Balance at beginning of period	218,750	$	5.28		245,000	$	5.27
Exercised	(138,750)	$	5.38		(16,250)	$	5.25
Expired/Forfeited	(10,000)	$	5.51		(10,000)	$	5.50
Balance at period-end	70,000	$	5.03		218,750	$	5.28
Exercisable at period-end	70,000	$	5.03		218,750	$	5.28

At September 30, 2022, using the Black Scholes model, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation, related to these options, of nil (at December 31, 2021: nil). The aggregate intrinsic value at September 30, 2022 was $90,300 (at December 31, 2021: nil).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company awarded no stock options.

(d) Dividends

On February 25, 2022, May 26, 2022, and August 16, 2022, the Board declared quarterly dividends of $0.0625 per common share (annualized $0.25 per common share) totaling in aggregate an amount of approximately $4.4 million that has been paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

7. Revenue Recognition

Revenues are comprised primarily of sales of natural gas along with the revenue generated from the Company’s ownership interest in the Auburn gas gathering system in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Also included are natural gas, crude oil and NGL revenues from Oklahoma.

Overall, product sales revenue generally is recorded in the month when contractual delivery obligations are satisfied, which occurs when control is transferred to the Company’s customers at delivery based on contractual terms and conditions. In addition, gathering and compression revenue generally is recorded in the month when contractual service obligations are satisfied, which occurs as control of those services is transferred to the Company’s customers.

The following table details revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	17,893,822	$	9,511,357	$	44,581,254	$	20,950,378
Natural gas liquids		497,843		490,535		1,500,668		588,685
Oil and condensate		779,456		1,060,551		2,484,360		1,201,289
Gathering and compression fees		2,072,806		2,038,616		6,180,747		5,891,868
Total operating revenue	$	21,243,927	$	13,101,059	$	54,747,029	$	28,632,220

17

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Product Sales Revenue

The Company enters into contracts with third party purchasers to sell its natural gas, oil, NGLs and condensate production. Under these product sales arrangements, the sale of each unit of product represents a distinct performance obligation. Product sales revenue is recognized at the point in time that control of the product transfers to the purchaser based on contractual terms which reflect prevailing commodity market prices. To the extent that marketing costs are incurred by the Company prior to the transfer of control of the product, those costs are included in lease operating expenses on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Settlement statements for product sales, and the related cash consideration, are received from the purchaser within 30 days. As a result, the Company must estimate the amount of production delivered to the customer and the consideration that will ultimately be received for sale of the natural gas, oil, NGLs, or condensate. Estimated revenue due to the Company is recorded within the receivables line item on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets until payment is received.

Gas Gathering and Compression Revenue

The Company also provides natural gas gathering and compression services through its ownership interest in the Auburn gas gathering system. For the provision of gas gathering and compression services, the Company collects its share of the gathering and compression fees per unit of gas serviced and recognizes gathering revenue over time using an output method based on units of gas gathered.

The settlement statement from the operator of the Auburn Gas Gathering System is received two months after transmission and compression has occurred. As a result, the Company must estimate the amount of production that was transmitted and compressed within the system. Estimated revenue due to the Company is recorded within the receivables line item on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets until payment is received.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts on a case-by-case basis once there is evidence that collection is not probable. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were no accounts for which collection was not probable.

The following table details accounts receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Accounts receivable
Natural gas and oil sales	$	8,241,664	$	2,996,344
Joint interest billing		20,328		60,134
Gathering and compression fees		1,613,597		1,539,976
Other		193,927		477
Total accounts receivable	$	10,069,516	$	4,596,931

18

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

8. Income Taxes

Income tax provisions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Current:
Federal	$	2,566,416	$	1,016,953	$	6,564,117	$	1,491,880
State		1,209,063		508,588		3,093,510		781,620
Total current income tax expense		3,775,479		1,525,541		9,657,627		2,273,500
Deferred:
Federal		98,367		(679,361)		353,980		(467,203)
State		22,164		(203,108)		85,877		(184,403)
Total deferred tax expense		120,531		(882,469)		439,857		(651,606)
Income tax expense	$	3,896,010	$	643,072	$	10,097,484	$	1,621,894

The Company files federal income tax returns in the United States and Canada, and various returns in state and local jurisdictions.

The Company believes it has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken and to be taken on our tax returns and that the accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open years based on our assessment of various factors including past experience and interpretations of tax law applied to the facts of each matter. The Company's tax returns are open to audit under the statute of limitations for the years ending December 31, 2018 through December 31, 2021. To the extent we utilize net operating losses generated in earlier years, such earlier years may also be subject to audit.

Our effective tax rate will typically differ from the statutory federal rate primarily as a result of state income taxes and the valuation allowance against the Canadian net operating loss. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was higher than the statutory federal rate as a result of the state income taxes, excess officer compensation, and the valuation allowance against the Canadian net operating loss.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company’s future minimum lease commitments as of September 30, 2022 are summarized in the following table:

Year ended
December 31,	Payments
2022	$	46,833
2023		62,444
	$	109,277

The Company enters into commitments for capital expenditures in advance of the expenditures being made. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had commitments of $0.4 million for capital expenditures.

Litigation

On March 10, 2021, Epsilon filed a complaint against Chesapeake Appalachia, LLC (“Chesapeake”) in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, Scranton, Pennsylvania (“Middle District”). Epsilon claims that Chesapeake has breached a settlement agreement and several operating agreements (“JOAs”) to which Epsilon and Chesapeake are parties. Epsilon asserts that Chesapeake has failed to cooperate with Epsilon’s efforts to develop resources in the Auburn Development, located in North-Central Pennsylvania, as required under both the settlement agreement and JOAs.

19

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Epsilon requested a preliminary injunction but was unsuccessful in obtaining that injunction.  Epsilon filed a motion to amend its original Complaint.  Chesapeake opposed.  The Court ruled in Epsilon’s favor and allowed Epsilon’s amendment. Chesapeake moved to dismiss the amended Complaint.  The Court granted the motion to dismiss without prejudice to Epsilon’s right to file a new lawsuit based on new proposals made after the Court’s decision.  Epsilon filed a motion for reconsideration of that decision, but the court denied the motion for reconsideration on January 18, 2022.

Epsilon filed a notice of appeal on February 15, 2022 challenging both the motion to dismiss and motion for reconsideration decisions.  Chesapeake filed a cross-appeal on March 1, 2022.  A briefing schedule was set and briefing closed October 14, 2022.  A decision on the appeal is not expected until early to mid-2023.

Epsilon re-filed a complaint against Chesapeake in the Middle District on May 9, 2022.  Epsilon generally asserts similar claims as in the previous suit, pursuing declaratory judgment claims regarding Chesapeake’s obligation to Epsilon to cooperate with Epsilon’s efforts in the Auburn Development and regarding Chesapeake’s obstruction of Epsilon’s efforts with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection permitting process but not based on specific well proposals.  Chesapeake filed a motion to stay pending a decision on the Third Circuit appeal, which was granted. The matter is stayed pending a decision from the Third Circuit.  

10. Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed based upon the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the assumed issuance of common shares for all potentially dilutive securities.

The net income used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share is as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income available to shareholders	$	9,608,453	$	1,396,466	$	25,997,329	$	3,647,008

In calculating the net income per share, basic and diluted, the following weighted-average shares were used:

	Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Basic weighted-average number of shares outstanding	23,011,729	23,564,288	23,419,666	23,757,895
Dilutive stock options	15,914	—	14,725	—
Unvested time-based restricted shares	104,525	144,473	—	85,395
Unvested performance-based restricted shares	37,490	64,182	90,183	28,205
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	23,169,658	23,772,943	23,524,574	23,871,495

The Company excluded the following shares from the diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

20

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

	Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Anti-dilutive options	54,086	245,000	55,275	245,000
Anti-dilutive unvested time-based restricted shares	240,526	159,197	254,665	218,275
Anti-dilutive unvested performance-based restricted shares	22,445	87,318	30,347	123,295
Total Anti-dilutive shares	317,057	491,515	340,287	586,570

11. Operating Segments

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as executive management. Segment performance is evaluated based on operating income (loss) as shown in the table below. Interest income and expense, and income taxes are managed separately on a group basis.

The Company’s reportable segments are as follows:

a. The Upstream segment activities include acquisition, development and production of oil, natural gas, and other liquid reserves on properties within the United States;

b. The Gas Gathering segment partners with two other companies to operate a natural gas gathering system; and

c. The Corporate segment activities include corporate listing and governance functions of the Company.

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Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Segment activity as of, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

	Upstream		Gas Gathering		Corporate		Elimination		Consolidated
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	44,581,254	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	44,581,254
Natural gas liquids		1,500,668		—		—		—		1,500,668
Oil and condensate		2,484,360		—		—		—		2,484,360
Gathering and compression fees		—		7,290,507		—		(1,109,760)		6,180,747
Total operating revenue (1)		48,566,282		7,290,507		—		(1,109,760)		54,747,029
Operating costs		15,624,207		2,489,981		516,585		(1,109,760)		17,521,012
Operating income		32,942,075		4,800,526		(516,585)		—		37,226,017
Other income (expense)
Interest income		125,311		—		1,494		—		126,804
Interest expense		(33,565)		—		—		—		(33,565)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts		(1,124,547)		—		—		—		(1,124,547)
Other (expense) income		(100,315)		—		419		—		(99,896)
Other income (expense), net		(1,133,116)		—		1,913		—		(1,131,204)
Net income before income tax expense	$	31,808,959	$	4,800,526	$	(514,672)	$	—	$	36,094,813
Segment assets	$	108,223,413	$	10,813,847	$	777,453	$	—	$	119,814,713
Capital expenditures (2)		5,573,343		142,867		—		—		5,716,210
Proved properties		40,738,961		—		—		—		40,738,961
Unproved properties		18,085,385		—		—		—		18,085,385
Gathering system		—		8,355,116		—		—		8,355,116
Lease right-of-use-asset		—		—		—		—		—
Other property and equipment		933,210		—		—		—		933,210
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	20,950,378	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,950,378
Natural gas liquids		588,685		—		—		—		588,685
Oil and condensate		1,201,289		—		—		—		1,201,289
Gathering and compression fees		—		7,088,836		—		(1,196,968)		5,891,868
Total operating revenue (1)		22,740,352		7,088,836		—		(1,196,968)		28,632,220
Operating costs		14,905,645		2,754,927		444,753		(1,196,968)		16,908,357
Operating income		7,834,707		4,333,909		(444,753)		—		11,723,863
Other income (expense)
Interest income		27,786		—		—		—		27,786
Interest expense		(66,380)		—		—		—		(66,380)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts		(6,417,123)		—		—		—		(6,417,123)
Other (expense) income		2,273		—		(1,517)		—		756
Other income (expense), net		(6,453,444)		—		(1,517)		—		(6,454,961)
Net income before income tax expense	$	1,381,263	$	4,333,909	$	(446,270)	$	—	$	5,268,902
Segment assets
Capital expenditures (2)	$	84,089,117	$	12,029,451	$	73,611	$	—	$	96,192,179
Proved properties		3,542,479		216,026		—		—		3,758,505
Unproved properties		35,109,368		—		—		—		35,109,368
Gathering system		21,627,561		—		—		—		21,627,561
Lease right-of-use-asset		—		9,266,971		—		—		9,266,971
Other property and equipment		955,650		—		—		—		955,650

(1) Segment operating revenue represents revenues generated from the operations of the segment. Inter-segment sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 have been eliminated upon consolidation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon sold natural gas to 23 unique customers. The two customers over 10% comprised 19.67%, and 12.20% of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Epsilon sold natural gas to 26 unique customers. The two customers over 10% comprised 34% and 12% of total revenue.

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Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) Capital expenditures for the Upstream segment consist primarily of the acquisition of properties, and the drilling and completing of wells while Gas Gathering consists of expenditures relating to the expansion and completion of the gathering and compression facility.

Segment activity for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

	Upstream		Gas Gathering		Corporate		Elimination		Consolidated
For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	17,893,822	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	17,893,822
Natural gas liquids		497,843		—		—		—		497,843
Oil and condensate		779,456		—		—		—		779,456
Gathering and compression fees		—		2,447,669		—		(374,863)		2,072,806
Total operating revenue (1)		19,171,121		2,447,669		—		(374,863)		21,243,927
Operating costs		6,175,538		869,833		178,679		(374,863)		6,849,187
Operating income		12,995,583		1,577,836		(178,679)		—		14,394,740
Other income (expense)
Interest income		88,145		—		1,494		—		89,638
Interest expense		(17,501)		—		—		—		(17,501)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts		(929,637)		—		—		—		(929,637)
Other (expense) income		(37,527)		—		4,750		—		(32,777)
Other income (expense), net		(896,520)		—		6,244		—		(890,277)
Net income before income tax expense	$	12,099,063	$	1,577,836	$	(172,436)	$	—	$	13,504,463
Capital expenditures(2)		1,571,541		51,459		—		—		1,623,000
For the three months ended September 30, 2021
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	9,511,357	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	9,511,357
Natural gas liquids		490,535		—		—		—		490,535
Oil and condensate		1,060,551		—		—		—		1,060,551
Gathering and compression fees		—		2,465,288		—		(426,672)		2,038,616
Total operating revenue (1)		11,062,443		2,465,288		—		(426,672)		13,101,059
Operating costs		5,395,064		883,239		147,961		(426,672)		5,999,592
Operating income		5,667,379		1,582,049		(147,961)		—		7,101,467
Other income (expense)
Interest income		11,070		—		—		—		11,070
Interest expense		(16,962)		—		—		—		(16,962)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts		(5,055,130)		—		—		—		(5,055,130)
Other (expense) income		—		—		(907)		—		(907)
Other income (expense), net		(5,061,022)		—		(907)		—		(5,061,929)
Net income before income tax expense	$	606,357	$	1,582,049	$	(148,868)	$	—	$	2,039,538
Capital expenditures(2)		1,164,881		145,521		—		—		1,310,402

(1) Segment operating revenue represents revenues generated from the operations of the segment. Inter-segment sales during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 have been eliminated upon consolidation. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon sold natural gas to 17 unique customers. The seven customers over 10% comprised 13.5%, 13.29%, 13.27%, 11.04%, 10.84%, 10.51%, and 10.25% of total revenue. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, Epsilon sold natural gas to 17 unique customers. The three customers over 10% comprised 25%, 22%, and 21% of total revenue.

23

Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) Capital expenditures for the Upstream segment consist primarily of the acquisition of properties, and the drilling and completing of wells while Gas Gathering consists of expenditures relating to the expansion and completion of the gathering and compression facility.

12. Commodity Risk Management Activities

Commodity Price Risks

Epsilon engages in price risk management activities from time to time. These activities are intended to manage Epsilon’s exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices for natural gas by securing derivative contracts for a portion of expected sales volumes.

Inherent in the Company’s hedging program, are certain business risks, including market risk and credit risk. Market risk is the risk that the price of natural gas and oil will change, either favorably or unfavorably, in response to changing market conditions. Credit risk is the risk of loss from nonperformance by the Company’s counterparty to a contract. Additionally, there is a risk that gas prices could fall to a level low enough to affect the volumes flowing through the gathering system.

The Company enters into certain commodity derivative instruments to mitigate commodity price risk associated with a portion of its future natural gas production and related cash flows. The natural gas revenues and cash flows are affected by changes in commodity product prices, which are volatile and cannot be accurately predicted. The objective for holding these commodity derivatives is to protect the operating revenues and cash flows related to a portion of the future natural gas sales from the risk of significant declines in commodity prices, which helps ensure the Company’s ability to fund the capital budget.

Epsilon has historically elected not to designate any of its financial commodity derivative contracts as accounting hedges and, accordingly, accounts for these financial commodity derivative contracts using the mark-to-market accounting method. Under this accounting method, changes in the fair value of outstanding financial instruments are recognized as gains or losses in the period of change and are recorded as loss (gain) on derivative contracts on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The related cash flow impact is reflected in cash flows from operating activities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon recognized losses on commodity derivative contracts of $929,637 and $1,124,547, respectively. This amount included cash paid on settlements on these contracts of $21,410 and $1,396,697, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, Epsilon recognized losses on commodity derivative contracts of $5,055,130 and $6,417,123, respectively. This amount included cash paid on settlements on these contracts of $2,461,242 and $2,488,702, respectively.

Commodity Derivative Contracts

Presented below is a summary of Epsilon’s natural gas commodity basis swap and two-way costless collar contracts as of September 30, 2022.

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Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

								Fair Value
	Volume	Ceiling		Floor		Basis		September 30,
Derivative Type	(MMbtu)	Price		Price		Differential		2022
2022
Basis swap	305,000					$	(1.15)		(4,837)
Two-way costless collar	305,000	$	8.20	$	6.50				37,163
								$	32,326

As of September 30, 2022, all of the Company’s economic derivative hedge positions were with large financial institutions, which are not known to the Company to be in default on their derivative positions. The Company is exposed to credit risk to the extent of non-performance by the counterparties in the derivative contracts discussed above; however, the Company does not anticipate non-performance by such counterparties. None of the Company’s derivative instruments contains credit-risk related contingent features. Derivatives are net on the balance sheet as they are subject to the right to offset the liabilities with the assets.

The following tables summarize the gross fair values of our derivative instruments, presenting the impact of offsetting the derivative assets and liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates indicated below:

	Fair Value of Derivative  Assets
	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Current
Basis swap	$	22,287	$	—
Two-way costless collar	$	203,518	$	13,312
	$	225,805	$	13,312

	Fair Value of Derivative  Liabilities
	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Current
Basis swap	$	(27,124)	$	—
Two-way costless collar	$	(166,355)	$	(253,136)
	$	(193,478)	$	(253,136)
Net Fair Value of Derivatives	$	32,326	$	(239,824)

The following table presents the changes in the fair value of Epsilon’s commodity derivatives for the periods indicated:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Fair value of asset (liability), beginning of the period	$	940,553	$	(1,334,533)	$	(239,824)	$	—
Losses on derivative contracts included in earnings		(929,637)		(5,055,130)		(1,124,547)		(6,417,123)
Settlement of commodity derivative contracts		21,410		2,461,242		1,396,697		2,488,702
Fair value of asset (liability), end of the period	$	32,326	$	(3,928,421)	$	32,326	$	(3,928,421)

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Epsilon Energy Ltd.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

13. Asset Retirement Obligations

Asset retirement obligations were estimated by management based on Epsilon’s net ownership interest in all wells and the gathering system, estimated costs to reclaim and abandon such assets and the estimated timing of the costs to be incurred in future periods.

The following tables summarize the changes in asset retirement obligations for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended		Year ended
		September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Balance beginning of period	$	2,833,656	$	3,150,243
Liabilities acquired		9,840		7,009
Liabilities disposed of		(24,854)		(381,346)
Wells plugged and abandoned		(118,260)		(31,945)
Change in estimates		—		(8,299)
Accretion		58,449		97,994
Balance end of period	$	2,758,831	$	2,833,656

14. Fair Value Measurements

The methodologies used to determine the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities at September 30, 2022 were the same as those used at December 31, 2021.

Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The Company’s revolving line of credit has a recorded value that approximates its fair value since its variable interest rate is tied to current market rates and the applicable margins represent market rates.

Commodity derivative instruments consist of two-way costless collar and basis swap contracts for natural gas. The Company’s derivative contracts are valued based on a marked to market approach. These assumptions are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the contract, can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace, and are therefore designated as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy. The Company utilizes its counterparties’ valuations to assess the reasonableness of its own valuations.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion is intended to assist in the understanding of trends and significant changes in or results of operations and the financial condition of Epsilon Energy Ltd. and its subsidiaries for the periods presented. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto presented in this report, including the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 and for the three and nine months then ended together with accompanying notes, as well as our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs, and expected performance. Actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those contained in these forward- looking statements due to a number of factors. See “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

Epsilon Energy Ltd. (the “Company”) is a North American onshore focused independent natural gas and oil company engaged in the acquisition, development, gathering and production of natural gas and oil reserves. Our areas of operations are the Marcellus shale section of the Appalachian basin in Pennsylvania and the NW Anadarko basin in Oklahoma. Our assets are in areas with established hydrocarbon resources with significant existing production. In Pennsylvania, we hold 4,597 net acres producing 25 MMcf/d. In Oklahoma, we hold 8,579 net acres producing 2.7 MMcfe/d.  

In Pennsylvania, the Company owns a 35% interest in the 52 mile Auburn Gas Gathering System (“Auburn GGS") which is operated by a subsidiary of Williams Partners, LP.

Our common shares trade on the NASDAQ Global Market under the ticker symbol “EPSN.”

Business Strategy

The Company is focused on high rate of return capital investments in onshore North American natural gas and oil basins. We are committed to disciplined capital allocation which should include shareholder returns in the form of dividends and share buybacks. We expect that our strong balance sheet and large liquidity position will allow us to opportunistically invest in both our existing project areas and potential new projects.     

To date, our investments have been focused in our position in the prolific Marcellus unconventional reservoir in Pennsylvania (“PA”). Our PA assets are supported by our 35% ownership in the Auburn GGS. More recently, we have been active in our position in the NW Stack area of Oklahoma. We have a substantial remaining drillable location inventory within our existing leaseholds.

The Company also seeks to identify new opportunities in onshore North American natural gas and oil basins.

Three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 Highlights

Operational Highlights

Marcellus Shale – Pennsylvania

● During the three months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon’s realized natural gas price was $7.34 per Mcf compared to $3.43 per Mcf over the same period in 2021, a 114% increase. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon’s realized natural gas price was $6.25 per Mcf compared to $2.65 per Mcf over the same period in 2021, a 136% increase.

● During the three months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon’s natural gas production was 2.3 Bcf compared to 2.6 Bcf during the same period in 2021, a 12% decrease. During the nine months ended September

27

30, 2022, Epsilon’s natural gas production was 6.7 Bcf compared to 7.5 Bcf during the same period in 2021, an 11% decrease. This decrease is due to natural decline in well production.

● Gathered and delivered 16.0 Bcf gross (5.6 Bcf net to Epsilon’s interest) during the three months ended September 30, 2022, or 174 MMcf/d through the Auburn Gas Gathering System. Gathered and delivered 50.9 Bcf gross (17.8 Bcf net to Epsilon’s interest) during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, or 187 MMcf/d through the Auburn Gas Gathering System.

Anadarko, NW Stack Trend – Oklahoma

● During the three months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon’s realized price for all Oklahoma production was $9.42 per Mcfe compared to $6.17 per Mcfe over the same period in 2021, a 53% increase.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon’s realized price for all Oklahoma production was $8.82 per Mcfe compared to $4.55 per Mcfe over the same period in 2021, a 54% increase.

● Total production for the three months ended September 30, 2022 included natural gas, natural gas liquids, and oil and condensate and was 0.25 Bcfe, as compared to 0.37 Bcfe during the same period in 2021, a 32% decrease. This decrease is due to natural decline in well production. Total production for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included natural gas, natural gas liquids, and oil and condensate and was 0.74 Bcfe, as compared to 0.50 Bcfe during the same period in 2021, a 48% increase. This increase is due to three new wells turned in line during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to one new well over the same period in 2021.

● At September 30, 2022, the Company had 1 gross (.11 net) well waiting on completion.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures-Adjusted EBITDA

Epsilon defines Adjusted EBITDA as earnings before (1) net interest expense, (2) taxes, (3) depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion expense, (4) impairments of natural gas and oil properties, (5) non-cash stock compensation expense, (6) gain or loss on derivative contracts net of cash received or paid on settlement, and (7) other income. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance as determined under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered in isolation from or as a substitute for net income or cash flow measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP or as a measure of profitability or liquidity.

Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. Epsilon has included Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental disclosure because its management believes that EBITDA provides useful information regarding its ability to service debt and to fund capital expenditures. It further provides investors a helpful measure for comparing operating performance on a normalized or recurring basis with the performance of other companies, without giving effect to certain non-cash expenses and other items. This provides management, investors and analysts with comparative information for evaluating the Company in relation to other natural gas and oil companies providing corresponding non-U.S. GAAP financial measures or that have different financing and capital structures or tax rates. These non-U.S. GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, measures for financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The table below sets forth a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, which is the most directly comparable measure of financial performance calculated under U.S. GAAP and should be reviewed carefully.

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	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	9,608,453	$	1,396,466	$	25,997,329	$	3,647,008
Add Back:
Net interest expense		(72,137)		5,892		(93,239)		38,595
Income tax expense		3,896,010		643,072		10,097,484		1,621,894
Depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion		1,706,030		1,846,911		4,898,988		5,175,865
Stock based compensation expense		500,597		300,249		836,949		738,789
Loss on derivative contracts net of cash received or paid on settlement		908,227		2,593,888		(272,150)		3,928,421
Foreign currency translation loss		(4,750)		907		(419)		1,517
Adjusted EBITDA	$	16,542,430	$	6,787,384	$	41,464,942	$	15,152,089

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Results of Operations

Net Operating Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 revenues increased $26.1 million, or 91%, to $54.7 million from $28.6 million during the same period of 2021.

Revenue and volume statistics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues
Natural gas revenue	$	17,893,822	$	9,511,357	$	44,581,254	$	20,950,378
Volume (MMcf)		2,419		2,753		7,094		7,767
Avg. Price ($/Mcf)	$	7.40	$	3.46	$	6.28	$	2.70
Natural gas liquids revenue	$	497,843	$	490,535	$	1,500,668	$	588,685
Volume (MBO)		12.5		14.4		38.5		18.9
Avg. Price ($/Bbl)	$	39.91	$	34.02	$	38.96	$	31.13
Oil and condensate revenue	$	779,456	$	1,060,551	$	2,484,360	$	1,201,289
Volume (MBO)		7.6		15.0		24.1		17.4
Avg. Price ($/Bbl)	$	102.26	$	70.80	$	103.21	$	69.04
Gathering system revenue	$	2,072,806	$	2,038,616	$	6,180,747	$	5,891,868
Total Revenues	$	21,243,927	$	13,101,059	$	54,747,029	$	28,632,220

We earn gathering system revenue as a 35% owner of the Auburn Gas Gathering system. This revenue consists of fees paid by Anchor Shippers (parties listed in Anchor Shipper Gas Gathering Agreement for Northern Pennsylvania, including Epsilon Midstream, LLC) of the system to transport gas from the wellhead to the compression facility, and then to the delivery meter at the Tennessee Gas Pipeline. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, approximately 78% of the Auburn GGS revenues earned were gathering fees, while 22% were compression fees. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, approximately 79% of the Auburn GGS revenues earned were gathering fees, while 21% were compression fees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, approximately 81% of the Auburn GGS revenues earned were gathering fees, while 19% were compression fees. Gathering revenues from third-party customers represented approximately 4.8% of total gathering revenues and third-party compression revenues represented 2.6% of total compression revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, approximately 81% of the Auburn GGS revenues earned were gathering fees, while 19% were compression fees. Gathering revenues from third-party customers represented approximately 2.4% of revenues and third-party compression revenues represented 2.2% of revenues. Revenues derived from Epsilon’s production which have been eliminated from gathering system revenues amounted to $0.37 million and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $0.43 million and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Upstream natural gas revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $23.6 million, or 113%, over the same period in 2021. This was primarily a result of higher natural gas prices. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the average gas price increased by $3.58/Mcf, or 133%, over the same period in 2021. However, this revenue increase was partially offset by lower volumes being produced due to natural decline of the wells. Production for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased by 673 Mcf, or 9%, over the same period in 2021. Upstream natural gas revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $8.4 million, or 88%, over the same period in 2021. This was also primarily a result of higher natural gas prices partially offset by lower volumes being produced due to natural decline of the wells. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the average gas price increased by $3.94/Mcf, or 114%, over the same period in 2021. Production for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased by 334 Mcf, or 12%, over the same period in 2021.

Upstream natural gas liquids revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $0.9 million, or 155%, over the same period in 2021. This was a result of increased production from new wells in Oklahoma in addition to higher prices. Natural gas liquids production for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased by 19.6 MBO, or 104%, over the same period in 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the average price for natural gas

30

liquids increased by $7.83/Bbl, or 25%, over the same period in 2021. Upstream natural gas liquids revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $0.7 million, or 1%, over the same period in 2021. This was a result of higher prices offset by lower volumes being produced due to natural decline of the wells. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the average price for natural gas liquids increased by $5.89/Bbl, or 17%, over the same period in 2021. Natural gas liquids production for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased by 1.9 MBO, or 13% over the same period in 2021.

Upstream oil and condensate revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $1.3 million, or 107%, over the same period in 2021. This was a result of increased production from new wells in Oklahoma in addition to higher prices. Oil and condensate production for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased by 6.7 MBO, or 38%, over the same period in 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the average price for oil and condensate increased by $34.17/Bbl, or 49%, over the same period in 2021. Upstream oil and condensate revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased by $0.3 million, or 27%, over the same period in 2021. This was a result of higher prices offset by decreased production from new wells in Oklahoma due to natural decline of the wells. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the average price for oil and condensate increased by $31.46/Bbl, or 44%, over the same period in 2021. Oil and condensate production for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased by 7.4 MBO, or 49% over the same period in 2021.

The Company’s share of gathering system revenue increased by $0.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, increasing by 5% over the same period in 2021. The Company’s share of gathering system revenue stayed constant for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The Auburn GGS is subject to a cost of service model, whereby the Anchor Shippers dedicate acreage and reserves to the Auburn GGS. In exchange for this dedication, the owners of the Auburn system agree to a fixed rate of return on capital invested which cannot be exceeded. Therefore, rather than being subject to a fixed gathering rate, the Shippers are subject to a fluctuating gathering rate which is redetermined annually in order to produce the contractual return on capital to the Auburn GGS owners. The term of the model is fixed from 2012 to 2026. Each year, actual throughput, revenue, operating expenses and capital are captured in the model, and the remaining years are forecasted. The model then resolves a gathering rate that yields the contractual rate of return. All else being equal, to the extent that throughput is higher or capital is lower than the preceding year’s forecast, the gathering rate will decline.

Operating Costs

The following table presents total cost and cost per unit of production (Mcfe), including ad valorem, severance, and production taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Lease operating costs	$	2,399,092	$	2,240,259	$	6,791,496	$	5,618,584
Gathering system operating costs		225,809		138,887		556,515		503,381
	$	2,624,901	$	2,379,146	$	7,348,011	$	6,121,965
Upstream operating costs—Total $/Mcfe		0.93		0.76		0.91		0.70
Gathering system operating costs $/Mcf		0.07		0.07		0.05		0.09

Upstream operating costs consist of lease operating expenses necessary to extract natural gas and oil, including gathering and treating the natural gas and oil to ready it for sale.

Upstream operating costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased $1.2 million, or 21%, over the same period in 2021. Upstream operating costs for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased $0.2 million, or 7%, over the same period in 2021. The increase in total cost was primarily due to rising prices for services leading to a $0.93/Mcfe and $0.91/Mcfe for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, or 24% and 29%, increase, respectively in the cost associated with operating the wells.

Gathering system operating costs consist primarily of rental payments for the natural gas fueled compression units. Other significant gathering system operating costs include chemicals (to prevent corrosion and to reduce water vapor in the gas stream), saltwater disposal, measurement equipment / calibration and general project management.

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The gathering system total per unit operating costs reported include the effects of elimination entries to remove the gas gathering fees billed by the gas gathering system operator to Epsilon’s upstream operations, and the volume associated with those fees. The elimination entries amounted to $1.1 million and $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $0.37 million and $0.43 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively (see Note 11, ‘‘Operating Segments,’’ of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

Gathering system costs (net of intercompany elimination) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased $0.05 million, or 11%, over the same period in 2021. Gathering system costs (net of intercompany elimination) for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $0.09 million, or 63%, over the same period in 2021.

The Company’s share of total gathering system costs increased $0.09 million, or 7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 over 2021. The Company’s share of total gathering system costs increased $0.05 million, or 12%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022 over 2021. This increase is primarily due to an increase in throughput volumes into the gathering system.

Loss on Derivative Contracts

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Loss on derivative contracts	$	(929,637)	$	(5,055,130)	$	(1,124,547)	$	(6,417,123)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, Epsilon entered into NYMEX Henry Hub two-way costless collar and Tennessee basis swap derivative contracts for the purpose of hedging its physical natural gas sales revenue. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we paid net cash settlements of $21,410 and $1,396,697, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we paid net cash settlements of $2,461,242 and $2,488,702, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, realized losses on derivative contracts decreased as the Company had less volume hedged and the NYMEX Henry Hub Natural Gas Futures price settled close to the strike prices of the Henry Hub collars. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had no derivative contracts beyond December 31, 2022.

Capital Resources and Liquidity

Cash Flow

The primary source of cash for Epsilon during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was funds generated from operations. The primary uses of cash for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were development of natural gas properties, the repurchase of shares of common stock, and the distribution of dividends. The primary uses of cash for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were development of natural gas properties and the repurchase of shares of common stock.

At September 30, 2022, we had a working capital surplus of $40.6 million, an increase of $16.4 million over the $24.1 million surplus at December 31, 2021. The Company anticipates its current cash balance, cash flows from operations, and available sources of liquidity to be sufficient to meet its cash requirements for the next twelve months and beyond.

Three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 2021

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, $29.4 million was provided by the Company’s operating activities, compared to $13.5 million provided during the same period in 2021, a $15.9 million, and 117% increase. The increase was mainly due to increased cash from operations as a result of increased commodity prices, partially offset by the losses created on the hedges as they matured. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, $13.7 million was provided by the Company’s operating activities, compared to $5.5 million provided during the same period in 2021, a $8.2 million, and 149% increase. The increase was mainly due to increased cash from operations as a result of increased commodity prices.

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The Company used $0.7 million and $5.7 million of cash for investing activities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. This was spent primarily on leasehold and development costs targeting increasing production in Pennsylvania and Oklahoma. The Company used $2.1 million and $3.8 million of cash for investing activities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. This was spent primarily on leasehold and development costs targeting increasing production in Pennsylvania.

The Company used $3.6 million and $9.9 million of cash for financing activities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.  This was spent primarily on dividend payments and the repurchase of shares of common stock. The Company used $1.3 million and $2.4 million of cash for financing activities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. This cash was spent on the repurchase of common shares of the Company.

Credit Agreement

In addition, the Company has a senior secured credit facility which includes a total commitment of up to $100 million. The current effective borrowing base is $14 million, which is subject to semi-annual redetermination. There are currently no borrowings under the facility. If Epsilon decides to access the facility, depending on the level of borrowing, the Company will need to increase its hedging activity. Borrowings from the Facility may be used for the acquisition and development of oil and gas properties, investments in cash flow generating assets complimentary to the production of oil and gas, and for letters of credit and other general corporate purposes. Upon each advance, interest is charged at the highest of a) rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin (3.25%-4.25% based on the percent of the line of credit utilized) with the minimum being 0.25%, b) the Prime Rate, or c) the sum of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%.

Effective April 6, 2021 the agreement was amended to extend the maturity date to March 1, 2024. In addition, the agreement was amended to include a Benchmark Replacement definition and transition plan to be used at such time when the LIBOR rate is discontinued.

On August 2, 2022, the borrowing base of $14 million was reaffirmed until the next periodic redetermination of the borrowing base.

The bank has a first priority security interest in the tangible and intangible assets of Epsilon Energy USA, Inc. to secure any outstanding amounts under the agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company must maintain the following covenants:

● Interest coverage ratio greater than 3 based on income adjusted for interest, taxes and non-cash amounts.

● Current ratio, adjusted for line of credit amounts used and available and non-cash amounts, greater than 1.

● Leverage ratio less than 3.0 based on income adjusted for interest, taxes and non-cash amounts.

Epsilon was in compliance with the financial covenants of the agreement as of September 30, 2022 and expect to be in compliance for the next 12 months. We expect to remain in compliance as we currently have no borrowings under the facility and funded all operations for 2021 and all operations through September 30, 2022 out of operating cash flow and cash on hand, and expect to continue to do so through 2022.

	Balance at		Balance at
	September 30,		December 31,		Borrowing Base		Interest
	2022		2021		September 30, 2022		Rate
Revolving line of credit	$	—	$	—	$	14,000,000	3 mo. LIBOR + 3.25%

Repurchase Transactions

Commencing on March 8, 2022, Epsilon conducted a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) to repurchase our issued and outstanding common shares, when doing so was accretive to management's estimates of intrinsic value per share. The NCIB ends on March 7, 2023. The Company used discretionary cash to fund these repurchases. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon repurchased 982,500 common shares of the authorized 1,183,410 purchase amount and spent $6,234,879 under the NCIB. The repurchased stock had an average price of $6.32 per share (excluding

33

commissions). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company cancelled zero and 423,000 common shares, respectively.

Commencing on January 1, 2021, Epsilon conducted a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) to repurchase our issued and outstanding common shares, when doing so was accretive to management's estimates of intrinsic value per share. The NCIB ended on December 31, 2021. The Company used discretionary cash to fund these repurchases. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Epsilon repurchased 525,615 common shares of the authorized 1,193,000 purchase amount and spent $2,377,181 under the NCIB. The repurchased stock had an average price of $4.51 per share (excluding commissions).

Derivative Transactions

The Company has entered into hedging arrangements to reduce the impact of natural gas price volatility on operations. By reducing the price volatility from a significant portion of natural gas production, the potential effects of changing prices on operating cash flows have been mitigated, but not eliminated. While mitigating the negative effects of falling commodity prices, these derivative contracts also limit the benefits we might otherwise receive from increases in commodity prices.

At September 30, 2022, Epsilon’s outstanding natural gas commodity contracts consisted of the following:

	Volume	Ceiling		Floor		Basis		Fair Value of Asset
Derivative Type	(MMbtu)	Price		Price		Differential		September 30, 2022
2022
Basis swap	305,000	$	—	$	—	$	(1.15)		(4,837)
Two-way costless collar	305,000	$	8.20	$	6.50	$	—		37,163
	610,000							$	32,326

Contractual Obligations

The Company enters into commitments for capital expenditures in advance of the expenditures being made. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had short term commitments of $0.4 million for capital expenditures and long term commitments of $7.4 million for asset retirement obligations.

Based on current natural gas prices and anticipated levels of production, we believe that the estimated net cash generated from operations, together with cash on hand and amounts available under our credit agreement, will be adequate to meet liquidity needs for the next 12 months and beyond, including satisfying our financial obligations and funding our operating and development activities.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our earnings and cash flow are significantly affected by changes in the market price of commodities. The prices of natural gas and oil can fluctuate widely and are influenced by numerous factors such as demand, production levels, world political and economic events, and the strength of the US dollar relative to other currencies. Should the price of natural gas and oil decline substantially, the value of our assets could fall dramatically, impacting our future operations and exploration and development activities, along with our gas gathering system revenues. In addition, our operations are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business, including interest rate and certain exposure as well as risks relating to changes in the general economic conditions in the United States.

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Gathering System Revenue Risk

The Auburn Gas Gathering System lies within the Marcellus Basin with historically high levels of recoverable reserves and low cost of production. We believe that a short-term low commodity price environment will not significantly impact the reserves produced and thus the revenue of our gas gathering system.

Interest Rate Risk

Market risk is estimated as the change in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 100 basis point change in the interest rate on the outstanding balance under our credit agreement. The credit agreement allows us to fix the interest rate for all or a portion of the principal balance for a period up to three months. To the extent that the interest rate is fixed, interest rate changes affect the instrument’s fair market value but do not affect results of operations or cash flows. Conversely, for the portion of the credit agreement that has a floating interest rate, interest rate changes will not affect the fair market value but will affect future results of operations and cash flows.

At September 30, 2022 and 2021, the outstanding principal balance under the credit agreement was nil.

Derivative Contracts

The Company’s financial results and condition depend on the prices received for natural gas production. Natural gas prices have fluctuated widely and are determined by economic and political factors. Supply and demand factors, including weather, general economic conditions, the ability to transport the gas to other regions, as well as conditions in other natural gas regions, impact prices. Epsilon has established a hedging strategy and may manage the risk associated with changes in commodity prices by entering into various derivative financial instrument agreements and physical contracts. Although these commodity price risk management activities could expose Epsilon to losses or gains, entering into these contracts helps to stabilize cash flows and support the Company’s capital spending program.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this 10-Q. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our current disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022 at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting can also be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control

35

over financial reporting. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that of limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, the risk.

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On March 10, 2021, Epsilon filed a complaint against Chesapeake Appalachia, LLC (“Chesapeake”) in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, Scranton, Pennsylvania (“Middle District”). Epsilon claims that Chesapeake has breached a settlement agreement and several operating agreements (“JOAs”) to which Epsilon and Chesapeake are parties. Epsilon asserts that Chesapeake has failed to cooperate with Epsilon’s efforts to develop resources in the Auburn Development, located in North-Central Pennsylvania, as required under both the settlement agreement and JOAs.

Epsilon requested a preliminary injunction but was unsuccessful in obtaining that injunction.  Epsilon filed a motion to amend its original Complaint.  Chesapeake opposed.  The Court ruled in Epsilon’s favor and allowed Epsilon’s amendment. Chesapeake moved to dismiss the amended Complaint.  The Court granted the motion to dismiss without prejudice to Epsilon’s right to file a new lawsuit based on new proposals made after the Court’s decision.  Epsilon filed a motion for reconsideration of that decision, but the court denied the motion for reconsideration on January 18, 2022.

Epsilon filed a notice of appeal on February 15, 2022 challenging both the motion to dismiss and motion for reconsideration decisions.  Chesapeake filed a cross-appeal on March 1, 2022.  A briefing schedule was set and briefing closed October 14, 2022.  A decision on the appeal is not expected until early to mid-2023.

Epsilon re-filed a complaint against Chesapeake in the Middle District on May 9, 2022.  Epsilon generally asserts similar claims as in the previous suit, pursuing declaratory judgment claims regarding Chesapeake’s obligation to Epsilon to cooperate with Epsilon’s efforts in the Auburn Development and regarding Chesapeake’s obstruction of Epsilon’s efforts with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection permitting process but not based on specific well proposals.  Chesapeake filed a motion to stay pending a decision on the Third Circuit appeal, which was granted. The matter is stayed pending a decision from the Third Circuit.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(c) Purchases of Equity Securities by Epsilon Energy Ltd.

The following table contains information about our acquisition of equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

36

				Maximum number
				of shares that
				may yet be
	Total number	Average price		purchased under
	of shares	paid per		the plans or
	purchased	share		programs
Beginning of normal-course issuer bid, March 8, 2022					1,183,410
March 2022 (1)	—	$	—
April 2022 (1)	23,700	$	6.63
May 2022 (1)	254,500	$	6.99
June 2022 (1)	418,900	$	6.21
July 2022 (1)	249,800	$	5.83
August 2022 (1)	33,200	$	6.09
September 2022 (1)	2,400	$	6.00
Total as of September 30, 2022	982,500	$	6.32		200,910

(1) Commencing on March 8, 2022, the Company entered into a share repurchase program on the NASDAQ conducted in accordance with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company is authorized to repurchase up to 1,183,410 of its outstanding common shares up to an aggregate purchase price limit of $8 million, representing 5% of the outstanding common shares. The program will end on March 7, 2023 unless the common shares or purchase price limits are reached before then or Epsilon provides earlier notice of termination.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

37

ITEM 6. —EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.	Description of Exhibit
31.1	Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302 certification of Principal Executive Officer.
31.2	Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302 certification of Principal Financial Officer.
32.1	Sarbanes-Oxley Section 906 certification of Principal Executive Officer.
32.2	Sarbanes-Oxley Section 906 certification of Principal Financial Officer.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Schema Document.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Labels Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Epsilon Energy Ltd.
(Registrant)
Date: November 10, 2022	By:	/s/ J. Andrew Williamson
		J. Andrew Williamson
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

38

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Jason Stabell, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Epsilon Energy Ltd. (the “registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ Jason Stabell

Jason Stabell

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, J. Andrew Williamson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Epsilon Energy Ltd. (the “registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ J. Andrew Williamson

J. Andrew Williamson

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Epsilon Energy Ltd. (the “Corporation”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Corporation.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ Jason Stabell

Jason Stabell

Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Epsilon Energy Ltd. (the “Corporation”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Corporation.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ J. Andrew Williamson

J. Andrew Williamson

Chief Financial Officer

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	Sep. 30, 2022	Nov. 10, 2022
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Entity Registrant Name	EPSILON ENERGY LTD.
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Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		23,027,441
Entity Central Index Key	0001726126
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 40,254,729	$ 26,497,305
Accounts receivable	10,069,516	4,596,931
Fair value of derivatives	32,326	0
Other current assets	775,587	569,870
Total current assets	51,132,158	31,664,106
Oil and gas properties, successful efforts method
Proved properties	147,196,218	138,032,413
Unproved properties	18,085,385	21,700,926
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment	(106,457,257)	(102,480,972)
Total oil and gas properties, net	58,824,346	57,252,367
Gathering system	42,617,954	42,475,086
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment	(34,262,838)	(33,443,949)
Total gathering system, net	8,355,116	9,031,137
Land	637,764	637,764
Buildings and other property and equipment, net	295,446	309,102
Total property and equipment, net	68,112,672	67,230,370
Other assets:
Lease right-of-use-asset	0
Restricted cash	569,883	568,118
Total non-current assets	68,682,555	67,798,488
Total assets	119,814,713	99,462,594
Current liabilities
Accounts payable trade	2,203,443	1,189,905
Gathering fees payable	1,020,921	963,546
Royalties payable	2,827,880	1,853,508
Income taxes payable	3,119,671	1,098,425
Accrued capital expenditures	398,026	1,016,830
Other accrued liabilities	1,001,792	1,098,127
Fair value of derivatives	0	239,824
Asset retirement obligations	0	85,207
Total current liabilities	10,571,733	7,545,372
Non-current liabilities
Asset retirement obligations	2,758,831	2,748,449
Deferred income taxes	10,345,297	9,905,440
Total non-current liabilities	13,104,128	12,653,889
Total liabilities	23,675,861	20,199,261
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Shareholders' equity
Common shares, no par value, unlimited shares authorized and 23,571,108 issued and 23,011,608 outstanding at September 30, 2022 and 24,202,218 issued and 23,668,203 shares outstanding at December 31, 2021	127,231,845	131,815,739
Treasury shares, 559,500 at September 30, 2022 and 534,015 at December 31, 2021	(3,326,880)	(2,423,007)
Additional paid-in capital	9,672,152	8,835,203
Accumulated deficit	(47,208,598)	(68,783,207)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	9,770,333	9,818,605
Total shareholders' equity	96,138,852	79,263,333
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 119,814,713	$ 99,462,594

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Par value	$ 0	$ 0
Common shares authorized	Unlimited	Unlimited
Common shares issued	23,571,108	24,202,218
Common shares outstanding	23,011,608	23,668,203
Treasury shares	559,500	534,015

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Total revenue	$ 21,243,927	$ 13,101,059	$ 54,747,029	$ 28,632,220
Operating costs and expenses:
Lease operating expenses	2,399,092	2,240,259	6,791,496	5,618,585
Gathering system operating expenses	225,809	138,887	556,515	503,381
Development geological and geophysical expenses	2,387	11,583	7,159	34,573
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion	1,706,030	1,846,911	4,898,988	5,175,865
Gain on sale of oil and gas properties	0	0	(221,642)	0
General and administrative expenses:
Stock based compensation expense	500,597	300,249	836,949	738,789
Other general and administrative expenses	2,015,272	1,461,703	4,651,547	4,837,164
Total operating costs and expenses	6,849,187	5,999,592	17,521,012	16,908,357
Operating income	14,394,740	7,101,467	37,226,017	11,723,863
Other income (expense):
Interest income	89,638	11,070	126,804	27,786
Interest expense	(17,501)	(16,962)	(33,565)	(66,380)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts	(929,637)	(5,055,130)	(1,124,547)	(6,417,123)
Other (expense) income	(32,777)	(907)	(99,896)	756
Other income (expense), net	(890,277)	(5,061,929)	(1,131,204)	(6,454,961)
Net income (loss) before income tax expense	13,504,463	2,039,538	36,094,813	5,268,902
Income tax expense (benefit)	3,896,010	643,072	10,097,484	1,621,894
NET INCOME(LOSS)	9,608,453	1,396,466	25,997,329	3,647,008
Currency translation adjustments	(34,524)	(15)	(48,272)	(1,256)
NET COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$ 9,573,929	$ 1,396,451	$ 25,949,057	$ 3,645,751
Net income (loss) per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.42	$ 0.06	$ 1.11	$ 0.15
Net income (loss) per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.41	$ 0.06	$ 1.11	$ 0.15
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	23,011,729	23,564,288	23,419,666	23,757,895
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	23,169,658	23,772,943	23,524,574	23,871,495
Gas, oil, NGL and condensate revenue
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Total revenue	$ 19,171,121	$ 11,062,443	$ 48,566,282	$ 22,740,352
Gas gathering and compression revenue
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Total revenue	$ 2,072,806	$ 2,038,616	$ 6,180,747	$ 5,891,868

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity - USD ($)	Common stock	Treasury Shares	Additional paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 131,730,401		$ 7,879,119	$ 9,820,647	$ (80,410,724)	$ 69,019,443
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	23,985,799
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income					2,735,567	2,735,567
Stock-based compensation expenses			202,499			202,499
Buyback of common shares		$ (492,479)				(492,479)
Buyback of common shares (in shares)		(123,200)
Other comprehensive income				242		242
Balance at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 131,730,401	$ (492,479)	8,081,618	9,820,889	(77,675,157)	71,465,272
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021	23,985,799	(123,200)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 131,730,401		7,879,119	9,820,647	(80,410,724)	69,019,443
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	23,985,799
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 131,815,739	$ (2,423,007)	8,835,203	9,818,605	(68,783,207)	79,263,333
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	24,202,218	(534,015)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 131,730,401	$ (492,479)	8,081,618	9,820,889	(77,675,157)	71,465,272
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021	23,985,799	(123,200)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income					(485,025)	(485,025)
Stock-based compensation expenses			236,041			236,041
Buyback of common shares		$ (568,989)				(568,989)
Buyback of common shares (in shares)		(141,015)
Other comprehensive income				(1,484)		(1,484)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2021	$ 131,730,401	$ (1,061,468)	8,317,659	9,819,405	(78,160,182)	70,645,816
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2021	23,985,799	(264,215)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income					1,396,466	1,396,466
Stock-based compensation expenses			300,249			300,249
Buyback of common shares		$ (1,315,713)				(1,315,713)
Buyback of common shares (in shares)		(261,400)
Vesting of shares of restricted stock	20,834
Other comprehensive income				(15)		(15)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2021	$ 131,730,401	$ (2,377,181)	8,617,908	9,819,391	(76,763,716)	71,026,803
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021	24,006,633	(525,615)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 131,815,739	$ (2,423,007)	8,835,203	9,818,605	(68,783,207)	79,263,333
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	24,202,218	(534,015)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income					5,805,888	5,805,888
Dividends					(1,483,027)	(1,483,027)
Stock-based compensation expenses			142,302			142,302
Exercise of stock options	$ 209,312					209,312
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	38,750
Retirement of treasury shares	$ (2,423,007)	$ 2,423,007
Retirement of treasury shares (in shares)	(534,015)	534,015
Other comprehensive income				5,402		5,402
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 129,602,044		8,977,505	9,824,007	(64,460,346)	83,943,210
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	23,706,953
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 131,815,739	$ (2,423,007)	8,835,203	9,818,605	(68,783,207)	$ 79,263,333
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	24,202,218	(534,015)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Purchase of treasury shares (shares)						(982,500)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 127,231,845	$ (3,326,880)	9,672,152	9,770,333	(47,208,598)	$ 96,138,852
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	23,571,108	(559,500)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 129,602,044		8,977,505	9,824,007	(64,460,346)	83,943,210
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	23,706,953
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income					10,582,988	10,582,988
Dividends					(1,486,650)	(1,486,650)
Stock-based compensation expenses			194,050			194,050
Exercise of stock options	$ 399,475					399,475
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	72,500
Retirement of treasury shares	$ (2,907,999)	$ 2,907,999
Retirement of treasury shares (in shares)	(423,000)	423,000
Buyback of common shares		$ (4,554,822)				(4,554,822)
Buyback of common shares (in shares)		(697,100)
Other comprehensive income				(19,150)		(19,150)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 127,093,520	$ (1,646,823)	9,171,555	9,804,857	(55,364,008)	89,059,101
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	23,356,453	(274,100)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income					9,608,453	9,608,453
Dividends					(1,453,043)	(1,453,043)
Stock-based compensation expenses			500,597			$ 500,597
Purchase of treasury shares (shares)						(285,400)
Exercise of stock options	$ 138,325					$ 138,325
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	27,500
Buyback of common shares		$ (1,680,057)				(1,680,057)
Buyback of common shares (in shares)		(285,400)
Vesting of shares of restricted stock	187,155
Other comprehensive income				(34,524)		(34,524)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 127,231,845	$ (3,326,880)	$ 9,672,152	$ 9,770,333	$ (47,208,598)	$ 96,138,852
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	23,571,108	(559,500)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 25,997,329	$ 3,647,008
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion	4,898,988	5,175,865
Loss on derivative contracts	1,124,547	6,417,123
Gain on sale of oil and gas properties	(221,642)	0
Settlement paid on derivative contracts	(1,396,697)	(2,488,702)
Settlement of asset retirement obligation	(118,260)	0
Stock-based compensation expense	836,949	738,789
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	439,857	(651,606)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(5,472,585)	(3,558,519)
Prepaid income taxes and other current assets	(205,717)	(6,920)
Accounts payable, royalties payable and other accrued liabilities	1,511,652	3,237,559
Income taxes payable	2,021,246	1,016,153
Net cash provided by operating activities	29,415,667	13,526,750
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to unproved oil and gas properties	(226,439)	(140,498)
Additions to proved oil and gas properties	(5,528,037)	(3,479,386)
Additions to gathering system properties	(129,985)	(199,801)
Additions to land, buildings and property and equipment	(13,258)	(5,745)
Proceeds from sale of oil and gas properties	200,000	0
Prepaid drilling costs	0	379
Net cash used in investing activities	(5,697,719)	(3,825,051)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Buyback of common shares	(6,234,879)	(2,377,181)
Exercise of stock options	747,112	0
Dividends	(4,422,720)	0
Net cash used in financing activities	(9,910,487)	(2,377,181)
Effect of currency rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (Deprecated 2022)	(48,272)	(1,257)
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	13,759,189	7,323,261
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	27,065,423	13,836,771
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	40,824,612	21,160,032
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Income taxes paid	7,626,000	1,164,025
Interest paid	50,872	78,980
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Change in unproved properties accrued in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	0	(65,000)
Change in proved properties accrued in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(194,391)	(18,150)
Change in gathering system accrued in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	12,882	16,225
Asset retirement obligation asset additions and adjustments	$ 10,821	$ (29,853)

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Description of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Description of Business

Description of Business

1. Description of Business

Epsilon Energy Ltd. (the “Company” or “Epsilon” or “we”) was incorporated under the laws of the Province of Alberta, Canada on March 14, 2005. On October 24, 2007, the Company became a publicly traded entity trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) in Canada. On February 14, 2019, Epsilon’s registration statement on Form 10 was declared effective by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and on February 19, 2019, the Company began trading in the United States on the NASDAQ Global Market under the trading symbol “EPSN.” The Company is engaged in the acquisition, development, gathering and production of primarily natural gas reserves in the United States.

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Basis of Preparation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Basis of Preparation

Basis of Preparation

2. Basis of Preparation

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the appropriate rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. All adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included. The interim financial information and notes hereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full fiscal year.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Epsilon Energy USA, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Epsilon Midstream, LLC, Dewey Energy GP, LLC, Dewey Energy Holdings, LLC, Epsilon Operating, LLC, and Altolisa Holdings, LLC. With regard to the gathering system, in which Epsilon owns an undivided interest in the asset, proportionate consolidation accounting is used. All inter-company transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates pertain to proved natural gas and oil reserves and related cash flow estimates used in impairment tests of natural gas and oil, and gathering system properties, asset retirement obligations, accrued natural gas and oil revenues and operating expenses, accrued gathering system revenues and operating expenses, as well as the valuation of commodity derivative instruments. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The Company, an emerging growth company (“EGC”), has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period provided for in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards which allows the Company to defer adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), codified as ASC 848 (“ASC 848”). This was followed by ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”), issued in January 2021. The purpose of ASC 848 is to provide optional guidance to ease the potential effects on financial reporting of the market-wide migration away from Interbank Offered Rates (“IBORs”) to alternative reference rates. ASC

848 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference a reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance may be applied upon issuance of ASC 848 through December 31, 2022. We do not expect a material impact from the adoption of this ASU.

In June 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which removes the thresholds that companies apply to measure credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost, such as loans, receivables, and held-to-maturity debt securities. Under current U.S. GAAP, companies generally recognize credit losses when it is probable that the loss has been incurred. The revised guidance will remove all recognition thresholds and will require companies to recognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the Company expects to collect over the instrument’s contractual life. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and must be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. Epsilon will adopt ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023. We do not expect a material impact from the adoption of this ASU.

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which will require lessees to recognize a right of use asset and a lease liability on their balance sheet for all leases, including operating leases, with a term of greater than 12 months. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, which adds a transition option permitting entities to apply the provisions of the new standard at its adoption date instead of the earliest comparative period presented in the consolidated financial statements. Under this transition option, comparative reporting would not be required, and the provisions of the standard would be applied prospectively to leases in effect at the date of adoption.

The Company has determined its portfolio of leased assets and is completing its review of all related contracts to determine the impact the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Upon adoption, the Company will recognize a right of use asset and lease liability for certain commitments related to office space that will be accounted for as an operating lease. To track these lease arrangements and facilitate compliance with this ASU, the Company is in the process of designing processes and internal controls.

The adoption of this ASU will increase asset and liability balances on the consolidated balance sheets due to the required recognition of a right of use asset and corresponding lease liabilities. The Company plans to elect the available package practical expedients provided in the standard and adopt Topic 842 as of January 1, 2022 at December 31, 2022 on its Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2022, using the optional transition method provided by ASU 2018-11 and continues to assess potential effects of the standard.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

Restricted cash consists of amounts deposited to back bonds or letters of credit for potential well liabilities. The Company presents restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total of the amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of September 30, 2022 and December, 31 2021:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,254,729	$	26,497,305
Restricted cash included in other assets		569,883		568,118
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows	$	40,824,612	$	27,065,423

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Property and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

4.  Property and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property and equipment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Property and equipment:
Oil and gas properties, successful efforts method
Proved properties	$	147,196,218	$	138,032,413
Unproved properties		18,085,385		21,700,926
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment		(106,457,257)		(102,480,972)
Total oil and gas properties, net		58,824,346		57,252,367
Gathering system		42,617,954		42,475,086
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment		(34,262,838)		(33,443,949)
Total gathering system, net		8,355,116		9,031,137
Land		637,764		637,764
Buildings and other property and equipment, net		295,446		309,102
Total property and equipment, net	$	68,112,672	$	67,230,370

Property Impairment

Epsilon uses the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas producing activities. Under this method, exploration costs, such as exploratory geological and geophysical costs, expiration of unproved leasehold, delay rentals and exploration overhead are expensed as incurred. All costs related to production, general corporate overhead and similar activities are also expensed as incurred. All property acquisition costs and development costs are capitalized when incurred.

Epsilon performs a quantitative impairment test quarterly or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset group's carrying amount may not be recoverable, over proved properties using the published NYMEX forward prices, timing, methods and other assumptions consistent with historical periods. When indicators of impairment are present, GAAP requires that the Company first compares expected future undiscounted cash flows by asset group to their respective carrying values. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, a reduction of the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to their estimated fair values is required, which is determined based on discounted cash flow techniques using significant assumptions including projected revenues, future commodity prices, and a market-specific weighted average cost of capital which are affected by expectations about future market and economic conditions. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, no impairment was required.

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Revolving Line of Credit

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revolving Line of Credit

Revolving Line of Credit

5. Revolving Line of Credit

The Company has a senior secured revolving credit facility (“Facility”) which includes a total commitment of up to $100 million. The current borrowing base is $14 million, which is subject to semi-annual redetermination. There are currently no borrowings under the Facility. If Epsilon decided to access the Facility, depending on the level of borrowing, the Company might need to increase its hedging activity. Borrowings from the Facility may be used for the acquisition and development of oil and gas properties, investments in cash flow generating assets complimentary to the production of oil and gas, and for letters of credit and other general corporate purposes. Upon each advance, interest is charged at the highest of a) rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin (2.75%-3.75% based on the percent of the line of credit utilized), b) the Prime Rate, or c) the sum of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%.

Effective April 6, 2021, the agreement was amended to extend the maturity date to March 1, 2024. In addition, the agreement was amended to include a Benchmark Replacement definition and transition plan to be used at such time when the LIBOR rate is discontinued.

On August 2, 2022, the borrowing base of $14 million was reaffirmed until the next periodic redetermination of the borrowing base.

The lender under the Credit Facility has a first priority security interest in the tangible and intangible assets, including the gathering system, of Epsilon Energy USA, Inc. to secure any outstanding amounts under the agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company must maintain the following covenants:

● Interest coverage ratio greater than 3 based on income adjusted for interest, taxes and non-cash amounts.

● Current ratio, adjusted for line of credit amounts used and available and non-cash amounts, greater than 1.

● Leverage ratio less than 3.0 based on income adjusted for interest, taxes and non-cash amounts.

The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants of the Credit Facility as of September 30, 2022 and expects to be in compliance with the financial covenants for the next 12 months.

An annual commitment fee of 0.50% is assessed and paid quarterly on the daily average unused borrowing base on the Credit Facility.

	Balance at		Balance at
	September 30,		December 31,		Current		Interest Rate
	2022		2021		Borrowing Base		3 mo.
Revolving line of credit	$	—	$	—	$	14,000,000		LIBOR + 3.25% (1)

(1) At September 30, 2022, the interest rate was 6.394%.

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Shareholders Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders' Equity

6. Shareholders’ Equity

(a)Authorized shares

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares with no par value and an unlimited number of Preferred Shares with no par value.

(b)Purchases of Equity Shares

Normal Course Issuer Bid

Commencing on March 8, 2022, the Company conducted a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) to repurchase our issued and outstanding common shares, when doing so was accretive to management’s estimates of intrinsic value per share. The NCIB ends on March 7, 2023. The Company uses discretionary cash to fund these repurchases. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon repurchased 285,400 common shares and 982,500 common shares, respectively, of the authorized 1,183,410 purchase amount and spent $1,680,057 and $6,234,879, respectively, under the NCIB. The repurchased stock had an average price of $6.32 per share (excluding commissions). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company cancelled zero and 423,000 common shares, respectively.

Commencing on January 1, 2021, Epsilon conducted a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) to repurchase our issued and outstanding common shares, when doing so was accretive to management's estimates of intrinsic value per share. The NCIB ended on December 31, 2021. The Company used discretionary cash to fund these repurchases. During

the year ended December 31, 2021, Epsilon repurchased 534,015 common shares of the authorized 1,193,000 purchase amount and spent $2,423,007 under the NCIB. The repurchased stock had an average price of $4.51 per share (excluding commissions) and were subsequently cancelled during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Repurchases may be made at management’s discretion from time to time through the facilities of the NASDAQ Global Market. The price paid for the common shares will be, subject to applicable securities laws, the prevailing market price of such common shares on the NASDAQ Global Market at the time of such purchase. The Company intends to fund the purchase out of available cash and does not expect to incur debt to fund the share repurchase program. The shares are accounted for as treasury shares until such a time as they are cancelled.

The following table contains activity relating to our acquisition of equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

				Maximum number
				of shares that
				may yet be
	Total number	Average price		purchased under
	of shares	paid per		the plans or
	purchased	share		programs
Beginning of normal-course issuer bid, March 8, 2022					1,183,410
March 2022 (1)	—	$	—
April 2022 (1)	23,700	$	6.63
May 2022 (1)	254,500	$	6.99
June 2022 (1)	418,900	$	6.21
July 2022 (1)	249,800	$	5.83
August 2022 (1)	33,200	$	6.09
September 2022 (1)	2,400	$	6.00
Total as of September 30, 2022	982,500	$	6.32		200,910

(1) Epsilon repurchased these shares under its share repurchase program that commenced on March 8, 2022, as described above.

(c)Equity Incentive Plan

Epsilon’s board of directors (the “Board”) adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) on July 22, 2020 subject to approval by Epsilon’s shareholders at Epsilon’s 2020 Annual General and Special Meeting of Shareholders, which occurred on September 1, 2020 (the “Meeting”). Shareholders approved the 2020 Plan at the Meeting. Following Epsilon’s listing on the NASDAQ Global Market, the Board determined that it is in the best interest of the shareholders to approve a new incentive plan that is compliant with U.S. public company equity plan rules and practices that would replace Epsilon’s Amended and Restated 2017 Stock Option Plan (including its predecessors) and the Share Compensation Plan (collectively referred to as the “Predecessor Plans”). No further awards will be granted under the Predecessor Plans.

The 2020 Plan provides for incentive compensation in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and stock units, performance shares and units, other stock-based awards and cash-based awards. Under the 2020 Plan, Epsilon will be authorized to issue up to 2,000,000 Common Shares. As of December 31, 2021, the Company granted, after the Compensation Committee approved the terms, target formulas, and peer group applicable to the performance incentive awards, 20,834 common shares and 48,000 time-based restricted shares to the CEO and the board of directors.

Restricted Stock Awards

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 246,135 shares of Restricted Stock with a weighted average market price at the grant date of $6.22 were awarded to the Company’s board of directors and employees. For the year ended December 31, 2021, 48,000 common shares of Restricted Stock with a weighted average market price at the grant date of $5.04 were awarded to the Company’s board of directors. These shares vest over a three-year period, with one-third of the shares being issued per period on the anniversary of the award resolution. The vesting of the shares is contingent on the individuals’ continued employment or service. The Company determined the fair value of the granted Restricted Stock-based on the market price of the common shares of the Company on the date of grant.

The following table summarizes Restricted Stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the year ended December 31, 2021:

	Nine months ended		Year ended
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Number of	Weighted	Number of	Weighted
	Restricted	Average	Restricted	Average
	Shares	Remaining Life	Shares	Remaining Life
	Outstanding	(years)	Outstanding	(years)
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at beginning of period	166,002	1.38	290,070	1.60
Granted	246,135	1.91	48,000	3.00
Vested	(83,155)	—	(137,668)	—
Forfeited	—	—	(34,400)	—
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at end of period	328,982	1.59	166,002	1.38

Stock compensation expense for the granted Restricted Stock is recognized over the vesting period. Stock compensation expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $366,763 and $608,735, respectively (for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $127,834 and $402,247, respectively).

At September 30, 2022, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation related to these shares of $1,551,041 to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.62 years (at December 31, 2021: $696,833 over 1.11 years).

Performance Share Unit Awards (“PSU”)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 104,000 PSUs vested and were issued. For the year ended December 31, 2021, a total of 62,501 common shares vested and were issued, of which 20,834 of the common shares were granted as a result of the Company exceeding its 2020 TSR performance target. The Company grants PSUs, which are paid in stock, to certain key employees. PSUs are based on a three-year performance period with performance being measured each year at December 31. The PSUs will vest on the last day of the performance period. The number of PSUs that will ultimately vest is based on two performance targets as follows:

● The targets for the PSUs are based on (i) the relative total stockholder return (“TSR”) percentile ranking and (ii) the relative cash flow per debt adjusted share – growth (“CFDAS Growth”) percentile ranking of the Company, each as compared to the Company’s Performance Peer Group during the applicable one-year performance period ending on December 31.

● Cash Flow per Debt Adjusted Share (“CFDAS”) is defined as EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) divided by the sum of the 1) the total debt plus the value of preferred stock minus cash and the amount of dividends paid for the year divided by the share price at the end of the year; and 2) the actual share count at year end.

● The vesting of each PSU Award will be based 50% on TSR performance and 50% based on CFDAS Growth performance.

● The recipient of the award must be employed with the Company at the time of vesting.

The number of shares ultimately issued under these awards can range from zero to 200% of target award amounts at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

The PSUs are accounted for as equity awards. The fair value of the 50% for performance based on CFDAS Growth was determined as the market price of the common shares of the Company on the date of grant. Weighted average fair value of CFDAS PSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $3.41 per unit. The fair value of the 50% for performance based on TSR was determined on the grant date by the application of a Monte Carlo simulation model.  For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Compensation Committee did not approve the issuance of any new PSU’s.

The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the performance stock awards, to calculate the fair value of the awards. Expected volatilities in the model were estimated using a historical period consistent with the expected term for each annual performance period of the awards. The risk-free interest rate was based on the United States Treasury rate measured over a term commensurate with the expected term for each annual performance period of the awards. The expected term is based on the time between the valuation date and the end of each annual performance period of the awards. The valuation model assumes dividends are immediately reinvested.

The following table summarizes PSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021:

	Nine months ended		Year ended
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Number of	Weighted	Number of	Weighted
	Performance	Average	Performance	Average
	Shares	Remaining Life	Shares	Remaining Life
	Outstanding	(years)	Outstanding	(years)
Balance non-vested PSUs at beginning of period	151,500	0.75	193,167	1.60
Granted	—	—	20,834	—
Vested	(104,000)	—	(62,501)	—
Balance non-vested PSUs at end of period	47,500	0.67	151,500	0.75

Stock compensation expense for the granted PSUs is recognized over the vesting period. Stock compensation expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 related to PSUs was $133,834 and $228,214, respectively (for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $172,415 and $336,542, respectively.

At September 30, 2022, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation related to these shares of $79,202 to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.75 years (at December 31, 2021: $310,790 over 1.01 years).

Stock Options

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had outstanding stock options covering 70,000 Common Shares at an overall average exercise price of $5.03 per Common Share to directors, officers, and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. These 70,000 options have a weighted average expected remaining term of approximately 1.30 years.

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021:

	Nine months ended			Year ended
	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
		Weighted				Weighted
	Number of	Average		Number of		Average
	Options	Exercise		Options		Exercise
Exercise price in US$	Outstanding	Price		Outstanding		Price (1)
Balance at beginning of period	218,750	$	5.28		245,000	$	5.27
Exercised	(138,750)	$	5.38		(16,250)	$	5.25
Expired/Forfeited	(10,000)	$	5.51		(10,000)	$	5.50
Balance at period-end	70,000	$	5.03		218,750	$	5.28
Exercisable at period-end	70,000	$	5.03		218,750	$	5.28

At September 30, 2022, using the Black Scholes model, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation, related to these options, of nil (at December 31, 2021: nil). The aggregate intrinsic value at September 30, 2022 was $90,300 (at December 31, 2021: nil).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company awarded no stock options.

(d) Dividends

On February 25, 2022, May 26, 2022, and August 16, 2022, the Board declared quarterly dividends of $0.0625 per common share (annualized $0.25 per common share) totaling in aggregate an amount of approximately $4.4 million that has been paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Revenue Recognition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

7. Revenue Recognition

Revenues are comprised primarily of sales of natural gas along with the revenue generated from the Company’s ownership interest in the Auburn gas gathering system in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Also included are natural gas, crude oil and NGL revenues from Oklahoma.

Overall, product sales revenue generally is recorded in the month when contractual delivery obligations are satisfied, which occurs when control is transferred to the Company’s customers at delivery based on contractual terms and conditions. In addition, gathering and compression revenue generally is recorded in the month when contractual service obligations are satisfied, which occurs as control of those services is transferred to the Company’s customers.

The following table details revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	17,893,822	$	9,511,357	$	44,581,254	$	20,950,378
Natural gas liquids		497,843		490,535		1,500,668		588,685
Oil and condensate		779,456		1,060,551		2,484,360		1,201,289
Gathering and compression fees		2,072,806		2,038,616		6,180,747		5,891,868
Total operating revenue	$	21,243,927	$	13,101,059	$	54,747,029	$	28,632,220

Product Sales Revenue

The Company enters into contracts with third party purchasers to sell its natural gas, oil, NGLs and condensate production. Under these product sales arrangements, the sale of each unit of product represents a distinct performance obligation. Product sales revenue is recognized at the point in time that control of the product transfers to the purchaser based on contractual terms which reflect prevailing commodity market prices. To the extent that marketing costs are incurred by the Company prior to the transfer of control of the product, those costs are included in lease operating expenses on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Settlement statements for product sales, and the related cash consideration, are received from the purchaser within 30 days. As a result, the Company must estimate the amount of production delivered to the customer and the consideration that will ultimately be received for sale of the natural gas, oil, NGLs, or condensate. Estimated revenue due to the Company is recorded within the receivables line item on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets until payment is received.

Gas Gathering and Compression Revenue

The Company also provides natural gas gathering and compression services through its ownership interest in the Auburn gas gathering system. For the provision of gas gathering and compression services, the Company collects its share of the gathering and compression fees per unit of gas serviced and recognizes gathering revenue over time using an output method based on units of gas gathered.

The settlement statement from the operator of the Auburn Gas Gathering System is received two months after transmission and compression has occurred. As a result, the Company must estimate the amount of production that was transmitted and compressed within the system. Estimated revenue due to the Company is recorded within the receivables line item on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets until payment is received.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts on a case-by-case basis once there is evidence that collection is not probable. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were no accounts for which collection was not probable.

The following table details accounts receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Accounts receivable
Natural gas and oil sales	$	8,241,664	$	2,996,344
Joint interest billing		20,328		60,134
Gathering and compression fees		1,613,597		1,539,976
Other		193,927		477
Total accounts receivable	$	10,069,516	$	4,596,931

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

8. Income Taxes

Income tax provisions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Current:
Federal	$	2,566,416	$	1,016,953	$	6,564,117	$	1,491,880
State		1,209,063		508,588		3,093,510		781,620
Total current income tax expense		3,775,479		1,525,541		9,657,627		2,273,500
Deferred:
Federal		98,367		(679,361)		353,980		(467,203)
State		22,164		(203,108)		85,877		(184,403)
Total deferred tax expense		120,531		(882,469)		439,857		(651,606)
Income tax expense	$	3,896,010	$	643,072	$	10,097,484	$	1,621,894

The Company files federal income tax returns in the United States and Canada, and various returns in state and local jurisdictions.

The Company believes it has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken and to be taken on our tax returns and that the accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open years based on our assessment of various factors including past experience and interpretations of tax law applied to the facts of each matter. The Company's tax returns are open to audit under the statute of limitations for the years ending December 31, 2018 through December 31, 2021. To the extent we utilize net operating losses generated in earlier years, such earlier years may also be subject to audit.

Our effective tax rate will typically differ from the statutory federal rate primarily as a result of state income taxes and the valuation allowance against the Canadian net operating loss. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was higher than the statutory federal rate as a result of the state income taxes, excess officer compensation, and the valuation allowance against the Canadian net operating loss.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

9. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company’s future minimum lease commitments as of September 30, 2022 are summarized in the following table:

Year ended
December 31,	Payments
2022	$	46,833
2023		62,444
	$	109,277

The Company enters into commitments for capital expenditures in advance of the expenditures being made. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had commitments of $0.4 million for capital expenditures.

Litigation

On March 10, 2021, Epsilon filed a complaint against Chesapeake Appalachia, LLC (“Chesapeake”) in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, Scranton, Pennsylvania (“Middle District”). Epsilon claims that Chesapeake has breached a settlement agreement and several operating agreements (“JOAs”) to which Epsilon and Chesapeake are parties. Epsilon asserts that Chesapeake has failed to cooperate with Epsilon’s efforts to develop resources in the Auburn Development, located in North-Central Pennsylvania, as required under both the settlement agreement and JOAs.

Epsilon requested a preliminary injunction but was unsuccessful in obtaining that injunction.  Epsilon filed a motion to amend its original Complaint.  Chesapeake opposed.  The Court ruled in Epsilon’s favor and allowed Epsilon’s amendment. Chesapeake moved to dismiss the amended Complaint.  The Court granted the motion to dismiss without prejudice to Epsilon’s right to file a new lawsuit based on new proposals made after the Court’s decision.  Epsilon filed a motion for reconsideration of that decision, but the court denied the motion for reconsideration on January 18, 2022.

Epsilon filed a notice of appeal on February 15, 2022 challenging both the motion to dismiss and motion for reconsideration decisions.  Chesapeake filed a cross-appeal on March 1, 2022.  A briefing schedule was set and briefing closed October 14, 2022.  A decision on the appeal is not expected until early to mid-2023.

Epsilon re-filed a complaint against Chesapeake in the Middle District on May 9, 2022.  Epsilon generally asserts similar claims as in the previous suit, pursuing declaratory judgment claims regarding Chesapeake’s obligation to Epsilon to cooperate with Epsilon’s efforts in the Auburn Development and regarding Chesapeake’s obstruction of Epsilon’s efforts with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection permitting process but not based on specific well proposals.  Chesapeake filed a motion to stay pending a decision on the Third Circuit appeal, which was granted. The matter is stayed pending a decision from the Third Circuit.  

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Net Income Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Net Income Per Share

Net Income Per Share

10. Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed based upon the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the assumed issuance of common shares for all potentially dilutive securities.

The net income used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share is as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income available to shareholders	$	9,608,453	$	1,396,466	$	25,997,329	$	3,647,008

In calculating the net income per share, basic and diluted, the following weighted-average shares were used:

	Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Basic weighted-average number of shares outstanding	23,011,729	23,564,288	23,419,666	23,757,895
Dilutive stock options	15,914	—	14,725	—
Unvested time-based restricted shares	104,525	144,473	—	85,395
Unvested performance-based restricted shares	37,490	64,182	90,183	28,205
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	23,169,658	23,772,943	23,524,574	23,871,495

The Company excluded the following shares from the diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

	Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Anti-dilutive options	54,086	245,000	55,275	245,000
Anti-dilutive unvested time-based restricted shares	240,526	159,197	254,665	218,275
Anti-dilutive unvested performance-based restricted shares	22,445	87,318	30,347	123,295
Total Anti-dilutive shares	317,057	491,515	340,287	586,570

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Operating Segments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Operating Segments.

Operating Segments

11. Operating Segments

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as executive management. Segment performance is evaluated based on operating income (loss) as shown in the table below. Interest income and expense, and income taxes are managed separately on a group basis.

The Company’s reportable segments are as follows:

a. The Upstream segment activities include acquisition, development and production of oil, natural gas, and other liquid reserves on properties within the United States;

b. The Gas Gathering segment partners with two other companies to operate a natural gas gathering system; and

c. The Corporate segment activities include corporate listing and governance functions of the Company.

Segment activity as of, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

	Upstream		Gas Gathering		Corporate		Elimination		Consolidated
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	44,581,254	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	44,581,254
Natural gas liquids		1,500,668		—		—		—		1,500,668
Oil and condensate		2,484,360		—		—		—		2,484,360
Gathering and compression fees		—		7,290,507		—		(1,109,760)		6,180,747
Total operating revenue (1)		48,566,282		7,290,507		—		(1,109,760)		54,747,029
Operating costs		15,624,207		2,489,981		516,585		(1,109,760)		17,521,012
Operating income		32,942,075		4,800,526		(516,585)		—		37,226,017
Other income (expense)
Interest income		125,311		—		1,494		—		126,804
Interest expense		(33,565)		—		—		—		(33,565)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts		(1,124,547)		—		—		—		(1,124,547)
Other (expense) income		(100,315)		—		419		—		(99,896)
Other income (expense), net		(1,133,116)		—		1,913		—		(1,131,204)
Net income before income tax expense	$	31,808,959	$	4,800,526	$	(514,672)	$	—	$	36,094,813
Segment assets	$	108,223,413	$	10,813,847	$	777,453	$	—	$	119,814,713
Capital expenditures (2)		5,573,343		142,867		—		—		5,716,210
Proved properties		40,738,961		—		—		—		40,738,961
Unproved properties		18,085,385		—		—		—		18,085,385
Gathering system		—		8,355,116		—		—		8,355,116
Lease right-of-use-asset		—		—		—		—		—
Other property and equipment		933,210		—		—		—		933,210
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	20,950,378	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,950,378
Natural gas liquids		588,685		—		—		—		588,685
Oil and condensate		1,201,289		—		—		—		1,201,289
Gathering and compression fees		—		7,088,836		—		(1,196,968)		5,891,868
Total operating revenue (1)		22,740,352		7,088,836		—		(1,196,968)		28,632,220
Operating costs		14,905,645		2,754,927		444,753		(1,196,968)		16,908,357
Operating income		7,834,707		4,333,909		(444,753)		—		11,723,863
Other income (expense)
Interest income		27,786		—		—		—		27,786
Interest expense		(66,380)		—		—		—		(66,380)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts		(6,417,123)		—		—		—		(6,417,123)
Other (expense) income		2,273		—		(1,517)		—		756
Other income (expense), net		(6,453,444)		—		(1,517)		—		(6,454,961)
Net income before income tax expense	$	1,381,263	$	4,333,909	$	(446,270)	$	—	$	5,268,902
Segment assets
Capital expenditures (2)	$	84,089,117	$	12,029,451	$	73,611	$	—	$	96,192,179
Proved properties		3,542,479		216,026		—		—		3,758,505
Unproved properties		35,109,368		—		—		—		35,109,368
Gathering system		21,627,561		—		—		—		21,627,561
Lease right-of-use-asset		—		9,266,971		—		—		9,266,971
Other property and equipment		955,650		—		—		—		955,650

(1) Segment operating revenue represents revenues generated from the operations of the segment. Inter-segment sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 have been eliminated upon consolidation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon sold natural gas to 23 unique customers. The two customers over 10% comprised 19.67%, and 12.20% of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Epsilon sold natural gas to 26 unique customers. The two customers over 10% comprised 34% and 12% of total revenue.

(2) Capital expenditures for the Upstream segment consist primarily of the acquisition of properties, and the drilling and completing of wells while Gas Gathering consists of expenditures relating to the expansion and completion of the gathering and compression facility.

Segment activity for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

	Upstream		Gas Gathering		Corporate		Elimination		Consolidated
For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	17,893,822	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	17,893,822
Natural gas liquids		497,843		—		—		—		497,843
Oil and condensate		779,456		—		—		—		779,456
Gathering and compression fees		—		2,447,669		—		(374,863)		2,072,806
Total operating revenue (1)		19,171,121		2,447,669		—		(374,863)		21,243,927
Operating costs		6,175,538		869,833		178,679		(374,863)		6,849,187
Operating income		12,995,583		1,577,836		(178,679)		—		14,394,740
Other income (expense)
Interest income		88,145		—		1,494		—		89,638
Interest expense		(17,501)		—		—		—		(17,501)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts		(929,637)		—		—		—		(929,637)
Other (expense) income		(37,527)		—		4,750		—		(32,777)
Other income (expense), net		(896,520)		—		6,244		—		(890,277)
Net income before income tax expense	$	12,099,063	$	1,577,836	$	(172,436)	$	—	$	13,504,463
Capital expenditures(2)		1,571,541		51,459		—		—		1,623,000
For the three months ended September 30, 2021
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	9,511,357	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	9,511,357
Natural gas liquids		490,535		—		—		—		490,535
Oil and condensate		1,060,551		—		—		—		1,060,551
Gathering and compression fees		—		2,465,288		—		(426,672)		2,038,616
Total operating revenue (1)		11,062,443		2,465,288		—		(426,672)		13,101,059
Operating costs		5,395,064		883,239		147,961		(426,672)		5,999,592
Operating income		5,667,379		1,582,049		(147,961)		—		7,101,467
Other income (expense)
Interest income		11,070		—		—		—		11,070
Interest expense		(16,962)		—		—		—		(16,962)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts		(5,055,130)		—		—		—		(5,055,130)
Other (expense) income		—		—		(907)		—		(907)
Other income (expense), net		(5,061,022)		—		(907)		—		(5,061,929)
Net income before income tax expense	$	606,357	$	1,582,049	$	(148,868)	$	—	$	2,039,538
Capital expenditures(2)		1,164,881		145,521		—		—		1,310,402

(1) Segment operating revenue represents revenues generated from the operations of the segment. Inter-segment sales during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 have been eliminated upon consolidation. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon sold natural gas to 17 unique customers. The seven customers over 10% comprised 13.5%, 13.29%, 13.27%, 11.04%, 10.84%, 10.51%, and 10.25% of total revenue. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, Epsilon sold natural gas to 17 unique customers. The three customers over 10% comprised 25%, 22%, and 21% of total revenue.

(2) Capital expenditures for the Upstream segment consist primarily of the acquisition of properties, and the drilling and completing of wells while Gas Gathering consists of expenditures relating to the expansion and completion of the gathering and compression facility.

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Commodity Risk Management Activities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commodity Risk Management Activities

Commodity Risk Management Activities

12. Commodity Risk Management Activities

Commodity Price Risks

Epsilon engages in price risk management activities from time to time. These activities are intended to manage Epsilon’s exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices for natural gas by securing derivative contracts for a portion of expected sales volumes.

Inherent in the Company’s hedging program, are certain business risks, including market risk and credit risk. Market risk is the risk that the price of natural gas and oil will change, either favorably or unfavorably, in response to changing market conditions. Credit risk is the risk of loss from nonperformance by the Company’s counterparty to a contract. Additionally, there is a risk that gas prices could fall to a level low enough to affect the volumes flowing through the gathering system.

The Company enters into certain commodity derivative instruments to mitigate commodity price risk associated with a portion of its future natural gas production and related cash flows. The natural gas revenues and cash flows are affected by changes in commodity product prices, which are volatile and cannot be accurately predicted. The objective for holding these commodity derivatives is to protect the operating revenues and cash flows related to a portion of the future natural gas sales from the risk of significant declines in commodity prices, which helps ensure the Company’s ability to fund the capital budget.

Epsilon has historically elected not to designate any of its financial commodity derivative contracts as accounting hedges and, accordingly, accounts for these financial commodity derivative contracts using the mark-to-market accounting method. Under this accounting method, changes in the fair value of outstanding financial instruments are recognized as gains or losses in the period of change and are recorded as loss (gain) on derivative contracts on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The related cash flow impact is reflected in cash flows from operating activities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon recognized losses on commodity derivative contracts of $929,637 and $1,124,547, respectively. This amount included cash paid on settlements on these contracts of $21,410 and $1,396,697, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, Epsilon recognized losses on commodity derivative contracts of $5,055,130 and $6,417,123, respectively. This amount included cash paid on settlements on these contracts of $2,461,242 and $2,488,702, respectively.

Commodity Derivative Contracts

Presented below is a summary of Epsilon’s natural gas commodity basis swap and two-way costless collar contracts as of September 30, 2022.

								Fair Value
	Volume	Ceiling		Floor		Basis		September 30,
Derivative Type	(MMbtu)	Price		Price		Differential		2022
2022
Basis swap	305,000					$	(1.15)		(4,837)
Two-way costless collar	305,000	$	8.20	$	6.50				37,163
								$	32,326

As of September 30, 2022, all of the Company’s economic derivative hedge positions were with large financial institutions, which are not known to the Company to be in default on their derivative positions. The Company is exposed to credit risk to the extent of non-performance by the counterparties in the derivative contracts discussed above; however, the Company does not anticipate non-performance by such counterparties. None of the Company’s derivative instruments contains credit-risk related contingent features. Derivatives are net on the balance sheet as they are subject to the right to offset the liabilities with the assets.

The following tables summarize the gross fair values of our derivative instruments, presenting the impact of offsetting the derivative assets and liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates indicated below:

	Fair Value of Derivative  Assets
	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Current
Basis swap	$	22,287	$	—
Two-way costless collar	$	203,518	$	13,312
	$	225,805	$	13,312

	Fair Value of Derivative  Liabilities
	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Current
Basis swap	$	(27,124)	$	—
Two-way costless collar	$	(166,355)	$	(253,136)
	$	(193,478)	$	(253,136)
Net Fair Value of Derivatives	$	32,326	$	(239,824)

The following table presents the changes in the fair value of Epsilon’s commodity derivatives for the periods indicated:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Fair value of asset (liability), beginning of the period	$	940,553	$	(1,334,533)	$	(239,824)	$	—
Losses on derivative contracts included in earnings		(929,637)		(5,055,130)		(1,124,547)		(6,417,123)
Settlement of commodity derivative contracts		21,410		2,461,242		1,396,697		2,488,702
Fair value of asset (liability), end of the period	$	32,326	$	(3,928,421)	$	32,326	$	(3,928,421)

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Asset Retirement Obligations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Asset Retirement Obligations

Asset Retirement Obligations

13. Asset Retirement Obligations

Asset retirement obligations were estimated by management based on Epsilon’s net ownership interest in all wells and the gathering system, estimated costs to reclaim and abandon such assets and the estimated timing of the costs to be incurred in future periods.

The following tables summarize the changes in asset retirement obligations for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended		Year ended
		September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Balance beginning of period	$	2,833,656	$	3,150,243
Liabilities acquired		9,840		7,009
Liabilities disposed of		(24,854)		(381,346)
Wells plugged and abandoned		(118,260)		(31,945)
Change in estimates		—		(8,299)
Accretion		58,449		97,994
Balance end of period	$	2,758,831	$	2,833,656

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

14. Fair Value Measurements

The methodologies used to determine the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities at September 30, 2022 were the same as those used at December 31, 2021.

Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The Company’s revolving line of credit has a recorded value that approximates its fair value since its variable interest rate is tied to current market rates and the applicable margins represent market rates.

Commodity derivative instruments consist of two-way costless collar and basis swap contracts for natural gas. The Company’s derivative contracts are valued based on a marked to market approach. These assumptions are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the contract, can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace, and are therefore designated as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy. The Company utilizes its counterparties’ valuations to assess the reasonableness of its own valuations.

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Basis of Preparation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Basis of Preparation

Interim Financial Statements

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the appropriate rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. All adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included. The interim financial information and notes hereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full fiscal year.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Epsilon Energy USA, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Epsilon Midstream, LLC, Dewey Energy GP, LLC, Dewey Energy Holdings, LLC, Epsilon Operating, LLC, and Altolisa Holdings, LLC. With regard to the gathering system, in which Epsilon owns an undivided interest in the asset, proportionate consolidation accounting is used. All inter-company transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates pertain to proved natural gas and oil reserves and related cash flow estimates used in impairment tests of natural gas and oil, and gathering system properties, asset retirement obligations, accrued natural gas and oil revenues and operating expenses, accrued gathering system revenues and operating expenses, as well as the valuation of commodity derivative instruments. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The Company, an emerging growth company (“EGC”), has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period provided for in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards which allows the Company to defer adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), codified as ASC 848 (“ASC 848”). This was followed by ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”), issued in January 2021. The purpose of ASC 848 is to provide optional guidance to ease the potential effects on financial reporting of the market-wide migration away from Interbank Offered Rates (“IBORs”) to alternative reference rates. ASC

848 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference a reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance may be applied upon issuance of ASC 848 through December 31, 2022. We do not expect a material impact from the adoption of this ASU.

In June 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which removes the thresholds that companies apply to measure credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost, such as loans, receivables, and held-to-maturity debt securities. Under current U.S. GAAP, companies generally recognize credit losses when it is probable that the loss has been incurred. The revised guidance will remove all recognition thresholds and will require companies to recognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the Company expects to collect over the instrument’s contractual life. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and must be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. Epsilon will adopt ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023. We do not expect a material impact from the adoption of this ASU.

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which will require lessees to recognize a right of use asset and a lease liability on their balance sheet for all leases, including operating leases, with a term of greater than 12 months. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, which adds a transition option permitting entities to apply the provisions of the new standard at its adoption date instead of the earliest comparative period presented in the consolidated financial statements. Under this transition option, comparative reporting would not be required, and the provisions of the standard would be applied prospectively to leases in effect at the date of adoption.

The Company has determined its portfolio of leased assets and is completing its review of all related contracts to determine the impact the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Upon adoption, the Company will recognize a right of use asset and lease liability for certain commitments related to office space that will be accounted for as an operating lease. To track these lease arrangements and facilitate compliance with this ASU, the Company is in the process of designing processes and internal controls.

The adoption of this ASU will increase asset and liability balances on the consolidated balance sheets due to the required recognition of a right of use asset and corresponding lease liabilities. The Company plans to elect the available package practical expedients provided in the standard and adopt Topic 842 as of January 1, 2022 at December 31, 2022 on its Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2022, using the optional transition method provided by ASU 2018-11 and continues to assess potential effects of the standard.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Schedule of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,254,729	$	26,497,305
Restricted cash included in other assets		569,883		568,118
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows	$	40,824,612	$	27,065,423

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Property and Equipment

Schedule of property and equipment

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Property and equipment:
Oil and gas properties, successful efforts method
Proved properties	$	147,196,218	$	138,032,413
Unproved properties		18,085,385		21,700,926
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment		(106,457,257)		(102,480,972)
Total oil and gas properties, net		58,824,346		57,252,367
Gathering system		42,617,954		42,475,086
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment		(34,262,838)		(33,443,949)
Total gathering system, net		8,355,116		9,031,137
Land		637,764		637,764
Buildings and other property and equipment, net		295,446		309,102
Total property and equipment, net	$	68,112,672	$	67,230,370

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Revolving Line of Credit (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revolving Line of Credit

Schedule of revolving line of credit

	Balance at		Balance at
	September 30,		December 31,		Current		Interest Rate
	2022		2021		Borrowing Base		3 mo.
Revolving line of credit	$	—	$	—	$	14,000,000		LIBOR + 3.25% (1)

(1) At September 30, 2022, the interest rate was 6.394%.

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Shareholders Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Shareholders' Equity

Schedule of purchases of equity Shares

Schedule of restricted stock activity

	Nine months ended		Year ended
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Number of	Weighted	Number of	Weighted
	Restricted	Average	Restricted	Average
	Shares	Remaining Life	Shares	Remaining Life
	Outstanding	(years)	Outstanding	(years)
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at beginning of period	166,002	1.38	290,070	1.60
Granted	246,135	1.91	48,000	3.00
Vested	(83,155)	—	(137,668)	—
Forfeited	—	—	(34,400)	—
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at end of period	328,982	1.59	166,002	1.38

Schedule of PSU activity

	Nine months ended		Year ended
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Number of	Weighted	Number of	Weighted
	Performance	Average	Performance	Average
	Shares	Remaining Life	Shares	Remaining Life
	Outstanding	(years)	Outstanding	(years)
Balance non-vested PSUs at beginning of period	151,500	0.75	193,167	1.60
Granted	—	—	20,834	—
Vested	(104,000)	—	(62,501)	—
Balance non-vested PSUs at end of period	47,500	0.67	151,500	0.75

Summary of stock option activity

	Nine months ended			Year ended
	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
		Weighted				Weighted
	Number of	Average		Number of		Average
	Options	Exercise		Options		Exercise
Exercise price in US$	Outstanding	Price		Outstanding		Price (1)
Balance at beginning of period	218,750	$	5.28		245,000	$	5.27
Exercised	(138,750)	$	5.38		(16,250)	$	5.25
Expired/Forfeited	(10,000)	$	5.51		(10,000)	$	5.50
Balance at period-end	70,000	$	5.03		218,750	$	5.28
Exercisable at period-end	70,000	$	5.03		218,750	$	5.28

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revenue Recognition

Summary of revenue

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	17,893,822	$	9,511,357	$	44,581,254	$	20,950,378
Natural gas liquids		497,843		490,535		1,500,668		588,685
Oil and condensate		779,456		1,060,551		2,484,360		1,201,289
Gathering and compression fees		2,072,806		2,038,616		6,180,747		5,891,868
Total operating revenue	$	21,243,927	$	13,101,059	$	54,747,029	$	28,632,220

Schedule of accounts receivable net of allowance for doubtful accounts

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Accounts receivable
Natural gas and oil sales	$	8,241,664	$	2,996,344
Joint interest billing		20,328		60,134
Gathering and compression fees		1,613,597		1,539,976
Other		193,927		477
Total accounts receivable	$	10,069,516	$	4,596,931

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Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Income Taxes

Schedule of current and deferred tax expense (benefit)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Current:
Federal	$	2,566,416	$	1,016,953	$	6,564,117	$	1,491,880
State		1,209,063		508,588		3,093,510		781,620
Total current income tax expense		3,775,479		1,525,541		9,657,627		2,273,500
Deferred:
Federal		98,367		(679,361)		353,980		(467,203)
State		22,164		(203,108)		85,877		(184,403)
Total deferred tax expense		120,531		(882,469)		439,857		(651,606)
Income tax expense	$	3,896,010	$	643,072	$	10,097,484	$	1,621,894

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies

Schedule of future minimum lease commitments

Year ended
December 31,	Payments
2022	$	46,833
2023		62,444
	$	109,277

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Net Income Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Net Income Per Share

Schedule of net income used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income available to shareholders	$	9,608,453	$	1,396,466	$	25,997,329	$	3,647,008

Schedule of weighted-average shares used in calculation of net income per share

	Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Basic weighted-average number of shares outstanding	23,011,729	23,564,288	23,419,666	23,757,895
Dilutive stock options	15,914	—	14,725	—
Unvested time-based restricted shares	104,525	144,473	—	85,395
Unvested performance-based restricted shares	37,490	64,182	90,183	28,205
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	23,169,658	23,772,943	23,524,574	23,871,495

Schedule of anti-dilutive shares

	Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Anti-dilutive options	54,086	245,000	55,275	245,000
Anti-dilutive unvested time-based restricted shares	240,526	159,197	254,665	218,275
Anti-dilutive unvested performance-based restricted shares	22,445	87,318	30,347	123,295
Total Anti-dilutive shares	317,057	491,515	340,287	586,570

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Operating Segments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Operating Segments.

Schedule of segment financial information

	Upstream		Gas Gathering		Corporate		Elimination		Consolidated
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	44,581,254	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	44,581,254
Natural gas liquids		1,500,668		—		—		—		1,500,668
Oil and condensate		2,484,360		—		—		—		2,484,360
Gathering and compression fees		—		7,290,507		—		(1,109,760)		6,180,747
Total operating revenue (1)		48,566,282		7,290,507		—		(1,109,760)		54,747,029
Operating costs		15,624,207		2,489,981		516,585		(1,109,760)		17,521,012
Operating income		32,942,075		4,800,526		(516,585)		—		37,226,017
Other income (expense)
Interest income		125,311		—		1,494		—		126,804
Interest expense		(33,565)		—		—		—		(33,565)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts		(1,124,547)		—		—		—		(1,124,547)
Other (expense) income		(100,315)		—		419		—		(99,896)
Other income (expense), net		(1,133,116)		—		1,913		—		(1,131,204)
Net income before income tax expense	$	31,808,959	$	4,800,526	$	(514,672)	$	—	$	36,094,813
Segment assets	$	108,223,413	$	10,813,847	$	777,453	$	—	$	119,814,713
Capital expenditures (2)		5,573,343		142,867		—		—		5,716,210
Proved properties		40,738,961		—		—		—		40,738,961
Unproved properties		18,085,385		—		—		—		18,085,385
Gathering system		—		8,355,116		—		—		8,355,116
Lease right-of-use-asset		—		—		—		—		—
Other property and equipment		933,210		—		—		—		933,210
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021
Operating revenue
Natural gas	$	20,950,378	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,950,378
Natural gas liquids		588,685		—		—		—		588,685
Oil and condensate		1,201,289		—		—		—		1,201,289
Gathering and compression fees		—		7,088,836		—		(1,196,968)		5,891,868
Total operating revenue (1)		22,740,352		7,088,836		—		(1,196,968)		28,632,220
Operating costs		14,905,645		2,754,927		444,753		(1,196,968)		16,908,357
Operating income		7,834,707		4,333,909		(444,753)		—		11,723,863
Other income (expense)
Interest income		27,786		—		—		—		27,786
Interest expense		(66,380)		—		—		—		(66,380)
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts		(6,417,123)		—		—		—		(6,417,123)
Other (expense) income		2,273		—		(1,517)		—		756
Other income (expense), net		(6,453,444)		—		(1,517)		—		(6,454,961)
Net income before income tax expense	$	1,381,263	$	4,333,909	$	(446,270)	$	—	$	5,268,902
Segment assets
Capital expenditures (2)	$	84,089,117	$	12,029,451	$	73,611	$	—	$	96,192,179
Proved properties		3,542,479		216,026		—		—		3,758,505
Unproved properties		35,109,368		—		—		—		35,109,368
Gathering system		21,627,561		—		—		—		21,627,561
Lease right-of-use-asset		—		9,266,971		—		—		9,266,971
Other property and equipment		955,650		—		—		—		955,650

(1) Segment operating revenue represents revenues generated from the operations of the segment. Inter-segment sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 have been eliminated upon consolidation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Epsilon sold natural gas to 23 unique customers. The two customers over 10% comprised 19.67%, and 12.20% of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Epsilon sold natural gas to 26 unique customers. The two customers over 10% comprised 34% and 12% of total revenue.

(2) Capital expenditures for the Upstream segment consist primarily of the acquisition of properties, and the drilling and completing of wells while Gas Gathering consists of expenditures relating to the expansion and completion of the gathering and compression facility.

Segment activity for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

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Commodity Risk Management Activities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commodity Risk Management Activities

Schedule of fair value of derivatives

	Fair Value of Derivative  Assets
	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Current
Basis swap	$	22,287	$	—
Two-way costless collar	$	203,518	$	13,312
	$	225,805	$	13,312

	Fair Value of Derivative  Liabilities
	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Current
Basis swap	$	(27,124)	$	—
Two-way costless collar	$	(166,355)	$	(253,136)
	$	(193,478)	$	(253,136)
Net Fair Value of Derivatives	$	32,326	$	(239,824)

Schedule of fair value of derivatives rollforward

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Fair value of asset (liability), beginning of the period	$	940,553	$	(1,334,533)	$	(239,824)	$	—
Losses on derivative contracts included in earnings		(929,637)		(5,055,130)		(1,124,547)		(6,417,123)
Settlement of commodity derivative contracts		21,410		2,461,242		1,396,697		2,488,702
Fair value of asset (liability), end of the period	$	32,326	$	(3,928,421)	$	32,326	$	(3,928,421)

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Asset Retirement Obligations (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Asset Retirement Obligations

Schedule of activity in asset retirement obligations

	Nine Months Ended		Year ended
		September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Balance beginning of period	$	2,833,656	$	3,150,243
Liabilities acquired		9,840		7,009
Liabilities disposed of		(24,854)		(381,346)
Wells plugged and abandoned		(118,260)		(31,945)
Change in estimates		—		(8,299)
Accretion		58,449		97,994
Balance end of period	$	2,758,831	$	2,833,656

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash - Reconciliation of Cash (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 40,254,729	$ 26,497,305
Restricted cash included in other assets	569,883	568,118
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows	$ 40,824,612	$ 27,065,423	$ 21,160,032	$ 13,836,771

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Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Oil and gas properties, successful efforts method
Proved properties	$ 147,196,218		$ 147,196,218		$ 138,032,413
Unproved properties	18,085,385	$ 35,109,368	18,085,385	$ 35,109,368	21,700,926
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment	(106,457,257)		(106,457,257)		(102,480,972)
Total oil and gas properties, net	58,824,346		58,824,346		57,252,367
Gathering system	42,617,954		42,617,954		42,475,086
Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment	(34,262,838)		(34,262,838)		(33,443,949)
Total gathering system, net	8,355,116	21,627,561	8,355,116	21,627,561	9,031,137
Land	637,764		637,764		637,764
Buildings and other property and equipment, net	295,446		295,446		309,102
Total property and equipment, net	68,112,672		68,112,672		$ 67,230,370
Impairment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Revolving Line of Credit (Details) - Revolving Credit Facility - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Nov. 23, 2021
Revolving Credit Facility
Total commitments	$ 100,000,000
Current borrowing base	$ 14,000,000	$ 14,000,000
Minimum
Revolving Credit Facility
Leverage ratio	3.0
LIBOR
Revolving Credit Facility
Margin added to variable interest rate	3.25%
LIBOR | Minimum
Revolving Credit Facility
Margin added to variable interest rate	2.75%
LIBOR | Maximum
Revolving Credit Facility
Margin added to variable interest rate	3.75%
Federal Funds Rate
Revolving Credit Facility
Margin added to variable interest rate	0.50%

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Revolving Line of Credit - Ratios (Details) - Revolving Credit Facility	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 23, 2021 USD ($)
Revolving Credit Facility
Interest coverage ratio	3
Current ratio	1
Commitment fee assessed quarterly on the daily average unused commitments	0.50%
Line of credit	$ 0	$ 0
Current borrowing base	$ 14,000,000		$ 14,000,000
Interest rate during the period	6.394%
LIBOR
Revolving Credit Facility
Margin added to variable interest rate	3.25%

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Shareholders Equity - Share Capital (Details) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Components of share capital:
Common Stock, No Par Value	$ 0	$ 0
Preferred Stock, No Par Value	$ 0	$ 0

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Shareholders Equity - Purchases of Equity Shares (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended							3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	May 31, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Mar. 08, 2022
Shareholders' Equity
Authorized shares to be repurchased	200,910							200,910	200,910	1,193,000	1,183,410
Number of shares purchased	2,400	33,200	249,800	418,900	254,500	23,700	0	285,400	982,500
Shares purchased								0	423,000	534,015
Consideration for shares repurchased								$ 1,680,057	$ 6,234,879	$ 2,423,007
Average price paid per share	$ 6.00	$ 6.09	$ 5.83	$ 6.21	$ 6.99	$ 6.63	$ 0		$ 6.32	$ 4.51

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Shareholders Equity - Equity Incentive Plan (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized to be issued	2,000,000
Performance stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	104,000	20,834
Time-based restricted shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)		48,000

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Shareholders Equity - Restricted Stock (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share Compensation Plan
Weighted average market price at grant date (in dollars per share)			$ 6.22
Restricted stock awards
Share Compensation Plan
Grant date fair value (in dollars per share)					$ 5.04
Vesting period					3 years
Vesting percentage					33.33%
Stock based compensation expense	$ 366,763	$ 127,834	$ 608,735	$ 402,247
Compensation cost not yet recognized	$ 1,551,041		$ 1,551,041		$ 696,833
Weighted average period for recognition			1 year 7 months 13 days		1 year 1 month 9 days
Number outstanding
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at beginning of period (in shares)			166,002	290,070	290,070
Granted (in shares)			246,135		48,000
Vested (in shares)			(83,155)		(137,668)
Forfeited (in shares)			0		(34,400)
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at end of period (in shares)	328,982		328,982		166,002	290,070
Weighted Average Remaining Life
Granted (in years)			1 year 10 months 28 days		3 years
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at end of period (in years)			1 year 7 months 2 days		1 year 4 months 17 days	1 year 7 months 6 days

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Shareholders Equity - Performance Stock Units Assumptions (Details) - Performance stock units	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 item shares	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of performance targets | item	2
Performance period	3 years
Vesting percentage		50.00%
Vested (in shares)	104,000	62,501
Granted (in shares)	104,000	20,834
CFDAS
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant-date fair value per PSU | $ / shares		$ 3.41
Vesting percentage	50.00%	50.00%
TSR performance
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance period	1 year
Vesting percentage	50.00%
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of number of shares issued on target award amounts	0.00%
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of number of shares issued on target award amounts	200.00%

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Shareholders Equity - Performance Stock Units (Details) - Performance stock units - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share Compensation Plan
Stock based compensation expense	$ 133,834	$ 172,415	$ 228,214	$ 336,542
Compensation cost not yet recognized	$ 79,202		$ 79,202		$ 310,790
Weighted average period for recognition			9 months		1 year 3 days
Number outstanding
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at beginning of period (in shares)			151,500	193,167	193,167
Granted (in shares)			104,000		20,834
Vested (in shares)			(104,000)		(62,501)
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at end of period (in shares)	47,500		47,500		151,500	193,167
Weighted Average Remaining Life
Balance non-vested Restricted Stock at end of period (in years)			8 months 1 day		9 months	1 year 7 months 6 days

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Shareholders Equity - Stock Option Activity (Details) - Stock option - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Number of Options Outstanding
Balance at beginning of period (in shares)	218,750	245,000
Exercised (in shares)	(138,750)	(16,250)
Expired/Forfeited (in shares)	(10,000)	(10,000)
Balance at period-end (in shares)	70,000	218,750
Exercisable at period-end (in shares)	70,000	218,750
Weighted average exercise price
Balance at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 5.28	$ 5.27
Exercised (in dollars per share)	5.38	5.25
Expired/Forfeited (in dollars per share)	5.51	5.50
Balance at period-end (in dollars per share)	5.03	5.28
Exercisable at period-end (in dollars per share)	$ 5.03	$ 5.28
Additional disclosures
Weighted average expected remaining term	1 year 3 months 18 days

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Shareholders Equity - Stock Option Activity, Narrative (Details) - Stock option - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share Compensation Plan
Unrecognized stock based compensation to be recognized over a period	$ 0	$ 0
Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding	$ 90,300	$ 0
Granted (in shares)	0	0

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Shareholders' Equity - Dividends (Details) - USD ($)		9 Months Ended
	Feb. 25, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Shareholders' Equity
Cash dividend of common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0625
Annual dividend (in dollars per share)	$ 0.25
Payment of aggregate amount of dividend		$ 4,422,720	$ 0

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Revenue Recognition - Summary of revenue (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Revenue recognition
Total operating revenue	$ 21,243,927	$ 13,101,059	$ 54,747,029	$ 28,632,220
Natural gas
Revenue recognition
Total operating revenue	17,893,822	9,511,357	44,581,254	20,950,378
Natural gas liquids
Revenue recognition
Total operating revenue	497,843	490,535	1,500,668	588,685
Oil and condensate
Revenue recognition
Total operating revenue	779,456	1,060,551	2,484,360	1,201,289
Gas gathering and compression revenue
Revenue recognition
Total operating revenue	$ 2,072,806	$ 2,038,616	$ 6,180,747	$ 5,891,868

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Revenue Recognition - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue recognition
Bad debt expense	$ 0	$ 0
Gas, oil, NGL and condensate revenue
Revenue recognition
Period settlement statement received		30 days
Gas gathering and compression revenue | Auburn Gas Gathering System
Revenue recognition
Period settlement statement received		2 months

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Revenue Recognition - Accounts receivable (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	$ 10,069,516	$ 4,596,931
Natural gas and oil sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	8,241,664	2,996,344
Joint interest billing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	20,328	60,134
Gas gathering and compression revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	1,613,597	1,539,976
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	$ 193,927	$ 477

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Income Taxes - Current and Deferred Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Current:
Federal	$ 2,566,416	$ 1,016,953	$ 6,564,117	$ 1,491,880
State	1,209,063	508,588	3,093,510	781,620
Total current income tax expense	3,775,479	1,525,541	9,657,627	2,273,500
Deferred:
Federal	98,367	(679,361)	353,980	(467,203)
State	22,164	(203,108)	85,877	(184,403)
Total deferred tax expense	120,531	(882,469)	439,857	(651,606)
Income tax expense	$ 3,896,010	$ 643,072	$ 10,097,484	$ 1,621,894

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Leases
Lease right-of-use-asset	$ 0	$ 9,266,971
Commitments for capital expenditures	$ 400,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Lease Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Future Minimum Lease Commitments
2022	$ 46,833
2023	62,444
Total	$ 109,277

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Net Income Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Net income available to shareholders	$ 9,608,453	$ 1,396,466	$ 25,997,329	$ 3,647,008
Weighted average number of shares - basic and diluted
Basic weighted-average number of shares outstanding	23,011,729	23,564,288	23,419,666	23,757,895
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	23,169,658	23,772,943	23,524,574	23,871,495
Total Anti-dilutive shares	317,057	491,515	340,287	586,570
Stock option
Weighted average number of shares - basic and diluted
Incremental common shares	15,914	0	14,725	0
Total Anti-dilutive shares	54,086	245,000	55,275	245,000
Time-based restricted shares
Weighted average number of shares - basic and diluted
Incremental common shares	104,525	144,473	0	85,395
Total Anti-dilutive shares	240,526	159,197	254,665	218,275
Performance stock units
Weighted average number of shares - basic and diluted
Incremental common shares	37,490	64,182	90,183	28,205
Total Anti-dilutive shares	22,445	87,318	30,347	123,295

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Operating Segments - Segments (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Segment information
Total operating revenue	$ 21,243,927	$ 13,101,059	$ 54,747,029	$ 28,632,220
Net earnings (loss) for the period	9,608,453	1,396,466	25,997,329	3,647,008
Operating costs	6,849,187	5,999,592	17,521,012	16,908,357
Operating income	14,394,740	7,101,467	37,226,017	11,723,863
Interest income	89,638	11,070	126,804	27,786
Interest Expense	17,501	16,962	33,565	66,380
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts	(929,637)	(5,055,130)	(1,124,547)	(6,417,123)
Other (expense) income	(32,777)	(907)	(99,896)	756
Other income (expense), net	(890,277)	(5,061,929)	(1,131,204)	(6,454,961)
Net income (loss) before income tax expense	13,504,463	2,039,538	36,094,813	5,268,902
Development geological and geophysical expenses	2,387	11,583	7,159	34,573
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion	1,706,030	1,846,911	4,898,988	5,175,865
Bad debt expense	0		0
Segment assets	119,814,713		119,814,713
Capital expenditures	1,623,000	1,310,402	5,716,210	96,192,179
Proved properties (net)	40,738,961	3,758,505	40,738,961	3,758,505
Unproved properties (net)	18,085,385	35,109,368	18,085,385	35,109,368	$ 21,700,926
Gathering system (net)	8,355,116	21,627,561	8,355,116	21,627,561	$ 9,031,137
Lease right-of-use-asset	0	9,266,971	0	9,266,971
Other property and equipment (net)	933,210	955,650	933,210	955,650
Corporate
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Operating costs	178,679	147,961	516,585	444,753
Operating income	(178,679)	(147,961)	(516,585)	(444,753)
Interest income	1,494	0	1,494	0
Interest Expense	0	0	0	0
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts	0	0	0	0
Other (expense) income	4,750	(907)	419	(1,517)
Other income (expense), net	6,244	(907)	1,913	(1,517)
Net income (loss) before income tax expense	(172,436)	(148,868)	(514,672)	(446,270)
Segment assets	777,453		777,453
Capital expenditures	0	0	0	73,611
Proved properties (net)	0	0	0	0
Unproved properties (net)	0	0	0	0
Gathering system (net)	0	0	0	0
Lease right-of-use-asset	0	0	0	0
Other property and equipment (net)	0	0	0	0
Elimination
Segment information
Total operating revenue	(374,863)	(426,672)	(1,109,760)	(1,196,968)
Operating costs	(374,863)	(426,672)	(1,109,760)	(1,196,968)
Operating income	0	0	0	0
Interest income	0	0	0	0
Interest Expense	0	0	0	0
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts	0	0	0	0
Other (expense) income	0	0	0	0
Other income (expense), net	0	0	0	0
Net income (loss) before income tax expense	0	0	0	0
Segment assets	0		0
Capital expenditures	0	0	0	0
Proved properties (net)	0	0	0	0
Unproved properties (net)	0	0	0	0
Gathering system (net)	0	0	0	0
Lease right-of-use-asset	0	0	0	0
Other property and equipment (net)	0	0	0	0
Natural gas
Segment information
Total operating revenue	17,893,822	9,511,357	44,581,254	20,950,378
Natural gas | Corporate
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Natural gas | Elimination
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Natural gas liquids
Segment information
Total operating revenue	497,843	490,535	1,500,668	588,685
Natural gas liquids | Corporate
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Natural gas liquids | Elimination
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Oil and condensate
Segment information
Total operating revenue	779,456	1,060,551	2,484,360	1,201,289
Oil and condensate | Corporate
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Oil and condensate | Elimination
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Gas gathering and compression revenue
Segment information
Total operating revenue	2,072,806	2,038,616	6,180,747	5,891,868
Gas gathering and compression revenue | Corporate
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Gas gathering and compression revenue | Elimination
Segment information
Total operating revenue	(374,863)	(426,672)	(1,109,760)	(1,196,968)
Upstream | Operating Segments
Segment information
Total operating revenue	19,171,121	11,062,443	48,566,282	22,740,352
Operating costs	6,175,538	5,395,064	15,624,207	14,905,645
Operating income	12,995,583	5,667,379	32,942,075	7,834,707
Interest income	88,145	11,070	125,311	27,786
Interest Expense	17,501	16,962	33,565	66,380
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts	(929,637)	(5,055,130)	(1,124,547)	(6,417,123)
Other (expense) income	(37,527)	0	(100,315)	2,273
Other income (expense), net	(896,520)	(5,061,022)	(1,133,116)	(6,453,444)
Net income (loss) before income tax expense	12,099,063	606,357	31,808,959	1,381,263
Segment assets	108,223,413		108,223,413
Capital expenditures	1,571,541	1,164,881	5,573,343	84,089,117
Proved properties (net)	40,738,961	3,542,479	40,738,961	3,542,479
Unproved properties (net)	18,085,385	35,109,368	18,085,385	35,109,368
Gathering system (net)	0	21,627,561	0	21,627,561
Lease right-of-use-asset	0	0	0	0
Other property and equipment (net)	933,210	955,650	933,210	955,650
Upstream | Natural gas | Operating Segments
Segment information
Total operating revenue	17,893,822	9,511,357	44,581,254	20,950,378
Upstream | Natural gas liquids | Operating Segments
Segment information
Total operating revenue	497,843	490,535	1,500,668	588,685
Upstream | Oil and condensate | Operating Segments
Segment information
Total operating revenue	779,456	1,060,551	2,484,360	1,201,289
Upstream | Gas gathering and compression revenue | Operating Segments
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	$ 0	0
Gas Gathering | Operating Segments
Operating Segments
Number of companies partnered to operate natural gas gathering system | segment			2
Segment information
Total operating revenue	2,447,669	2,465,288	$ 7,290,507	7,088,836
Operating costs	869,833	883,239	2,489,981	2,754,927
Operating income	1,577,836	1,582,049	4,800,526	4,333,909
Interest income	0	0	0	0
Interest Expense	0	0	0	0
Gain (loss) on derivative contracts	0	0	0	0
Other (expense) income	0	0	0	0
Other income (expense), net	0	0	0	0
Net income (loss) before income tax expense	1,577,836	1,582,049	4,800,526	4,333,909
Segment assets	10,813,847		10,813,847
Capital expenditures	51,459	145,521	142,867	12,029,451
Proved properties (net)	0	216,026	0	216,026
Unproved properties (net)	0	0	0	0
Gathering system (net)	8,355,116	0	8,355,116	0
Lease right-of-use-asset	0	9,266,971	0	9,266,971
Other property and equipment (net)	0	0	0	0
Gas Gathering | Natural gas | Operating Segments
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Gas Gathering | Natural gas liquids | Operating Segments
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Gas Gathering | Oil and condensate | Operating Segments
Segment information
Total operating revenue	0	0	0	0
Gas Gathering | Gas gathering and compression revenue | Operating Segments
Segment information
Total operating revenue	$ 2,447,669	$ 2,465,288	$ 7,290,507	$ 7,088,836

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Operating Segments - Customers (Details) - customer	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Concentration risk
Number of customers	17	17	23	26
Customer Concentration risk
Concentration risk
Number of customers	7	3	2	2
Threshold concentration risk for reporting (as a percent)	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Total Revenue | Customer Concentration risk | Customer One
Concentration risk
Concentration risk (as a percent)	13.50%	25.00%	19.67%	34.00%
Total Revenue | Customer Concentration risk | Customer Two
Concentration risk
Concentration risk (as a percent)	13.29%	22.00%	12.20%	12.00%
Total Revenue | Customer Concentration risk | Customer Three
Concentration risk
Concentration risk (as a percent)	13.27%	21.00%
Total Revenue | Customer Concentration risk | Customer Four
Concentration risk
Concentration risk (as a percent)	11.04%
Total Revenue | Customer Concentration risk | Customer Five
Concentration risk
Concentration risk (as a percent)	10.84%
Total Revenue | Customer Concentration risk | Customer Six
Concentration risk
Concentration risk (as a percent)	10.51%
Total Revenue | Customer Concentration risk | Customer Seven
Concentration risk
Concentration risk (as a percent)	10.25%

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Commodity Risk Management Activities - Commodity Price Risks (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Commodity Risk Management Activities
Recognized gains (losses) on financial commodity derivative contracts	$ (929,637)	$ (5,055,130)	$ (1,124,547)	$ (6,417,123)
Cash (paid) received from settlements of derivative contracts	$ (21,410)	$ (2,461,242)	$ (1,396,697)	$ (2,488,702)

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Commodity Risk Management Activities - Commodity Derivative Contracts (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) MMBTU $ / MMBTU	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Risk Management Activities
Fair Value | $	$ 32,326	$ (239,824)
2022 Contracts
Risk Management Activities
Basis Differential | $ / MMBTU	(1.15)
2022 Contracts | Basis swap
Risk Management Activities
Volume (Mmbtu) | MMBTU	305,000
Fair Value | $	$ (4,837)
2022 Contracts | Two-way costless collar
Risk Management Activities
Volume (Mmbtu) | MMBTU	305,000
Ceiling Price | $ / MMBTU	8.20
Floor Price | $ / MMBTU	6.50
Fair Value | $	$ 37,163

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Commodity Risk Management Activities - Fair Value of Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Risk Management Activities
Fair Value of Derivative Assets	$ 225,805	$ 13,312
Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities	(193,478)	(253,136)
Net Fair Value of Derivatives	32,326	(239,824)
Basis swap
Risk Management Activities
Fair Value of Derivative Assets	22,287	0
Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities	(27,124)	0
Two-way costless collar
Risk Management Activities
Fair Value of Derivative Assets	203,518	13,312
Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities	$ (166,355)	$ (253,136)

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Commodity Risk Management Activities - Fair value of asset (liability) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Commodity Risk Management Activities
Fair value of asset (liability), beginning of the period	$ 940,553	$ (1,334,533)	$ (239,824)	$ 0
Gains (losses) on derivative contracts included in earnings	(929,637)	(5,055,130)	(1,124,547)	(6,417,123)
Settlement of commodity derivative contracts	21,410	2,461,242	1,396,697	2,488,702
Fair value of asset, end of the period	$ 32,326	$ (3,928,421)	$ 32,326	$ (3,928,421)

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Asset Retirement Obligations (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reconciliation of provision for asset retirement obligations
Balance beginning of period	$ 2,833,656	$ 3,150,243
Liabilities acquired (disposed of)	9,840	7,009
Liabilities acquired (disposed of)	(24,854)	(381,346)
Wells plugged and abandoned	(118,260)	(31,945)
Change in estimates	0	(8,299)
Accretion	58,449	97,994
Balance end of period	$ 2,758,831	$ 2,833,656