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Equity Incentive Compensation Plans and Other Employee Benefits (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Non-Cash Stock-Based Compensation Cost Related to Equity Awards
The following table presents the long-term equity and cash incentive compensation related to awards for the periods indicated:

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands)
Common stock options (1)
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
69

Nonvested common stock (1)
6,036

 
5,852

 
6,696

Nonvested common stock units (1)
1,138

 
690

 
883

Nonvested performance-based shares (1)
—

 
558

 
1,808

Nonvested performance cash units (2)(3)
52

 
1,189

 
2,485

Total
$
7,226

 
$
8,289

 
$
11,941


(1)
Unrecognized compensation cost as of December 31, 2018 was $8.1 million related to grants of nonvested shares of common stock that are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.
(2)
The nonvested performance-based cash units are accounted for as liability awards with $1.4 million in accounts payable and accrued liabilities as of December 31, 2017, and $0.3 million, $3.0 million and $2.9 million in derivatives and other noncurrent liabilities as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3)
Liability awards are fair valued at each reporting date. The expense for the period will increase or decrease based on updated fair values of these awards at each reporting date.
Summary of Share-Based Option Activity
A summary of share-based option activity under all the Company's plans as of December 31, 2018, and changes during the year then ended, is presented below:

Option Awards
 
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(in years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2018
 
199,123

 
$
31.42

 
 
 
 
Granted (1)
 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
Forfeited or expired
 
(72,280
)
 
38.75

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 (2)
 
126,843

 
27.25

 
0.12
 
$
—



(1)
The Company has not granted any share-based option awards since 2012.
(2)
At December 31, 2017, all share-based options granted have vested and are exercisable.
Deferred Compensation Liability
The table below summarizes the activity in the plan as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the Company's ending deferred compensation liability as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in thousands)
Beginning deferred compensation liability balance
$
1,749

 
$
1,447

Employee contributions
370

 
244

Company matching contributions
198

 
116

Distributions
(806
)
 
(274
)
Participant earnings (losses)
(119
)
 
216

Ending deferred compensation liability balance
$
1,392

 
$
1,749

 
 
 
 
Amount to be paid within one year
$
94

 
$
169

Remaining balance to be paid beyond one year
$
1,298

 
$
1,580
Deferred Compensation Investment Assets
The following table represents the Company's activity in the investment assets held in the rabbi trust as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in thousands)
Beginning investment balance
$
1,749

 
$
1,447

Investment purchases
568

 
360

Distributions
(806
)
 
(274
)
Earnings (losses)
(119
)
 
216

Ending investment balance
$
1,392

 
$
1,749
Director [Member]  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Summary of Nonvested Equity Shares of Common Stock
A summary of the Company's nonvested common stock units for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is presented in the table below:

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Nonvested Common Stock Unit Awards
 
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 
 
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 
 
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 
Outstanding at January 1,
 
272,559

 
$
6.37

 
147,167

 
$
10.09

 
145,492

 
$
11.07

Granted
 
226,244

 
5.83

 
193,878

 
3.56

 
98,974

 
7.02

Vested (1)
 
(187,566
)
 
4.24

 
(68,486
)
 
6.42

 
(97,299
)
 
8.43

Forfeited or expired
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Outstanding at December 31,
 
311,237

 
7.26

 
272,559

 
6.37

 
147,167

 
10.09



(1)
The fair value of common stock unit awards vested was $1.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Nonvested Common Stock [Member]  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Summary of Nonvested Equity Shares of Common Stock
A summary of the Company's nonvested common stock awards for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is presented below:

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Nonvested Common Stock Awards
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 
Outstanding at January 1,
 
1,394,868

 
$
7.00

 
1,169,099

 
$
9.33

 
1,002,947

 
$
15.53

Granted
 
1,185,809

 
5.47

 
791,129

 
5.99

 
686,500

 
5.11

Modified (1)
 
1,146,305

 
4.84

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Vested (2)
 
(694,505
)
 
8.24

 
(513,376
)
 
10.74

 
(451,329
)
 
15.90

Forfeited or expired
 
(120,311
)
 
5.93

 
(51,984
)
 
7.91

 
(69,019
)
 
14.14

Outstanding at December 31,
 
2,912,166

 
5.27

 
1,394,868

 
7.00

 
1,169,099

 
9.33



(1)
Due to the closing of the Merger, the 2016 and 2017 Performance Cash Programs were converted from nonvested performance-based cash units to nonvested common stock awards, resulting in an increase of nonvested common stock awards for the year ended December 31, 2018.
(2)
The fair value of common stock awards vested was $3.7 million, $2.9 million and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Nonvested Performance Cash Units [Member]  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Summary of Nonvested Performance-Based Equity Shares of Common Stock
A summary of the Company's nonvested performance-based cash units for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is presented below:

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Nonvested Performance-Based
Cash Unit Awards
 
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Fair Value 
 
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Fair Value 
 
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Fair Value 
Outstanding at January 1,
 
1,548,083

 
 
 
942,326

 
 
 
391,278

 
 
Granted
 
935,293

 
 
 
669,043

 
 
 
646,572

 
 
Performance goal adjustment (1)
 
11,289

 
 
 
—

 
 
 
—

 
 
Modified (2)
 
(1,211,478
)
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
—

 
 
Vested (3)
 
(286,652
)
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
—

 
 
Forfeited or expired
 
(86,950
)
 
 
 
(63,286
)
 
 
 
(95,524
)
 
 
Outstanding at December 31,
 
909,585

 
$
1.23

 
1,548,083

 
$
5.10

 
942,326

 
$
8.89



(1)
The 2015 Program vested at 104.1% in excess of target level and resulted in additional units vested in March 2018. These units are included in the vested line item for the year ended December 31, 2018.
(2)
Due to the closing of the Merger, the 2016 and 2017 Performance Cash Programs were converted from nonvested performance-based cash units to nonvested common stock awards, resulting in a decrease in nonvested performance-based cash units for the year ended December 31, 2018. The 2016 Program converted based on its performance through March 19, 2018, which resulted in 89% of the units converting to nonvested common stock awards or a reduction of 65,173 units converting to nonvested common stock awards.
(3)
The fair value of performance-based cash unit awards vested was $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. No awards vested in 2017 or 2016.
Nonvested Performance-Based Equity [Member]  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Summary of Nonvested Equity Shares of Common Stock
A summary of the Company's vested performance-based shares of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is presented below:

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Nonvested Performance-Based
Common Stock Awards
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 
Outstanding at January 1,
 
—

 
$
—

 
156,615

 
$
19.54

 
468,561

 
$
18.46

Granted (1)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Performance goal adjustment (2)
 
—

 
—

 
10,450

 
24.45

 
—

 
—

Vested (3)(4)
 
—

 
—

 
(166,023
)
 
24.45

 
(156,575
)
 
19.81

Forfeited or expired
 
—

 
—

 
(1,042
)
 
24.62

 
(155,371
)
 
20.44

Outstanding at December 31,
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
156,615

 
19.54



(1)
The Company has not granted any performance-based common stock awards since 2014.
(2)
The 2014 Program vested at 106.7% in excess of target level and resulted in additional shares vested in May 2017. These shares are included in the vested line item for the year ended December 31, 2017.
(3)
The Compensation Committee approved a special retention award on July 18, 2013. A debt performance gate was required to be met as of December 31, 2013 in which the shares would vest on July 18, 2014, 2015 and 2016. The vested shares of 15,495 are included in the vested line item for the year ended December 31, 2016.
(4)
The fair value of performance-based common stock awards vested was $0.6 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. No awards vested in 2018.