Intangible Assets

Intangible assets were as follows:



	March 31, 2020							March 31, 2019
(in millions)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Program assets	$	1,458	$	(367	)	$	1,091	$	1,525	$	(194	)	$	1,331
Software	73		(62		)	11		87		(58		)	29
Developed technology	123		(48		)	75		105		(22		)	83
Backlog	28		(26		)	2		22		(18		)	4
Outsourcing contract costs	26		(12		)	14		25		(7		)	18
Favorable leases	—		—			—		1		—			1
Total intangible assets	$	1,708	$	(515	)	$	1,193	$	1,765	$	(299	)	$	1,466

In connection with the April 1, 2017 merger of CSC with HPES to form DXC, the reporting unit with the NGEN contract was allocated $299 million of intangible assets. We incurred a non-cash, pre-tax impairment charge of approximately $172 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, primarily related to program assets and outsourcing contract costs that are reflected in accumulated amortization in the table above, as a result of the U.S. Navy’s decision not to award the NGEN-R SMIT contract to us, as discussed further in Note 8 – “Goodwill.”

Amortization expense during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $229 million, $204 million and $98 million, respectively.

Estimated future amortization related to intangible assets as of March 31, 2020 was as follows:



Fiscal Year	(in millions)
2021	$	230
2022	151
2023	137
2024	123
2025	104
Thereafter	448
Total future amortization	$	1,193