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Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets

Intangible assets were as follows:
 
 
March 31, 2019
(in millions)
 
Gross Carrying Value
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Value
Program assets
 
$
1,525

 
$
(194
)
 
$
1,331

Software
 
87

 
(58
)
 
29

Developed technology
 
105

 
(22
)
 
83

Backlog
 
22

 
(18
)
 
4

Outsourcing contract costs
 
25

 
(7
)
 
18

Favorable leases
 
1

 
—

 
1

Total intangible assets
 
$
1,765

 
$
(299
)
 
$
1,466

 
 
March 31, 2018
(in millions)
 
Gross Carrying Value
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Value
Program assets
 
$
900

 
$
(69
)
 
$
831

Software
 
75

 
(28
)
 
47

Outsourcing contract costs
 
20

 
(1
)
 
19

Total intangible assets
 
$
995

 
$
(98
)
 
$
897



Amortization expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the five months ended March 31, 2017, and the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 was $204 million, $98 million, $5 million and $58 million, respectively.

The increase in net and gross carrying value during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was primarily due to the Mergers (see Note 2 – “Acquisitions”).
Estimated future amortization related to intangible assets as of March 31, 2019 was as follows:
Fiscal Year
 
(in millions)
2020
 
$
199

2021
 
181

2022
 
157

2023
 
145

2024
 
134

Thereafter
 
650

Total future amortization
 
$
1,466