(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including areas code, of agent for service)

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this
Registration Statement becomes effective.

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: as soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act ☐

The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.

(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(2) Includes shares of common stock which may be issued on exercise of a 45-day option granted to the underwriters to cover over-allotments, if any.

(3) We have agreed to issue to the underwriter, upon closing of this offering, warrants exercisable for a period of five years from the effective date of this registration statement entitling the representatives to purchase: (i) up to 5% of the number of common shares sold to investors introduced by the underwriters in this offering; and (ii) up to 3% of the number of common shares issued to investors identified by the Company in this offering. Resales of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the underwriter warrants are being similarly registered on a delayed or continuous basis. See “Underwriting.”

(4) Estimated solely for the purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act. We have calculated the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the common stock underlying the underwriter’s warrants by assuming that such warrants are exercisable at a price per share equal to 120% of the price per share sold in this offering.

(5) No separate registration fee required pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state or other jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

This is the initial public offering of CLPS Incorporation. We are offering [●] common shares. We expect that the initial public offering price will be between $[_] and $[_] per common share.

No public market currently exists for our common shares. We have applied for approval for quotation on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CLPS” for the common shares we are offering. We believe that upon the completion of the offering contemplated by this prospectus, we will meet the standards for listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Act of 2012, as amended, and, as such, will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.

We anticipate that following the completion of this initial public offering of our securities our Chairman, Xiao Feng Yang, and our Chief Executive Officer, Raymond Ming Hui Lin, each will beneficially own approximately 33.89% of the Company’s then outstanding securities. While under NASDAQ Marketplace Rules 5615(c), it may be deemed a “controlled company,” the Company does not intend to avail itself of the corporate governance exemptions afforded to a “controlled company” under the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.

An investment in our securities is highly speculative, involves a high degree of risk and should be considered only by persons who can afford the loss of their entire investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 12 of this prospectus.

In addition to the underwriting discounts listed above and the non-accountable expense allowance described in the footnote, we have agreed to issue upon the closing of this offering, compensation warrants to The Benchmark Company, LLC and Cuttone & Co., LLC, as representatives of the underwriters, entitling them to purchase: (i) up to 5% of the number of common shares sold to investors introduced by the underwriters in this offering; and (ii) up to 3% of the number of common shares issued to investors identified by the Company in this offering. The registration statement of which this prospectus is a part also covers the underwriters’ warrants and the common shares issuable upon the exercise thereof. For additional information regarding our arrangement with the underwriters, please see “Underwriting” beginning on page 97.

We have granted the representatives an option, exercisable for 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional [●] common shares on the same terms as the other shares being purchased by the underwriters from us.

The underwriters expect to deliver the common shares against payment in U.S. dollars on or about [_], 2018.

THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. Neither we, nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with different information. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, or any free writing prospectus, as the case may be, or any sale of shares in the Company.

For investors outside the United States: Neither we, nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the common shares and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information that we present more fully in the rest of this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before buying common shares in this offering. This summary contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements about our plans, objectives, expectations, assumptions or future events. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “we believe,” “we intend,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “could,” and similar expressions denoting uncertainty or an action that may, will or is expected to occur in the future. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the “Risk Factors” section and the financial statements and the notes to those statements.

Our Company

We are a global information technology (“IT”), consulting and solutions service provider focused on delivering services to global institutions in banking, insurance and financial sectors, both in China and globally. For more than ten years, we have served as an IT solutions provider to a growing network of clients in the global financial industry, including large financial institutions in the US, Europe, Australia and Hong Kong and their PRC-based IT centers. We have created and developed a particular market niche by providing turn-key financial solutions. Since our inception, we have aimed to build one of the largest sales and service delivery platforms for IT services and solutions in China. The nature of the Company’s services is such that it provides a majority of services to its banking and credit card clients in order to build new or modify existing clients’ own proprietary systems. On a very limited basis, the Company implements its own software systems, such as CLPS Virtual Banking Platform. We maintain eleven delivery and or research & development (“R&D”) centers to serve different customers in various geographic locations. Seven centers are located in China including cities of Shanghai, Beijing, Dalian, Tianjin, Chengdu, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. The remaining four centers are located in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and Australia. By combining onsite (when we send our team to our client) or onshore (when we send our team to client’s overseas location) support and consulting with scalable and high-efficiency offsite (when we send our team to a location other than client’s location) or offshore (when we send our team to a location that is other than a client’s location overseas) services and processing, we are able to meet client demands in a cost-effective manner while retaining significant operational flexibility. We believe that maintaining our Company as a proven, reliable partner to our financial industry clients both in China and globally positions us well to capture greater opportunities in the rapidly evolving global market for IT consulting and solutions.

Our clients include large corporations headquartered in China and globally which include, among others:

	●	Banking or their China-based IT centers – Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank (China) Ltd., ANZ Bank, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Bank of Communications.

	●	Financial Industry – AIA, China Life Insurance, First Data, Haitong Securities, Orient Securities and China Universal Asset Management Company.

	●	Technology – eBay, CRIF Information Technology, Experian, AGFA Healthcare and Neusoft.

By serving both Chinese and global clients on a common platform, we are able to leverage the shared resources, management, industry expertise and technological know-how to attract new business and remain cost competitive.

Our primary focus is in the following key operational areas:

Consulting Services

Credit Card Services

Most of the global credit card issuers maintain branches and supporting technical infrastructure in China. The development, testing, support and maintenance of these platforms require in-depth understanding and knowledge of business processes supported by IT. There is a significant demand for such IT consulting services among large-scale credit card platforms because many of such institutions experience shortage of qualified personnel and resources.

We offer more than ten years of experience in IT consulting services across key credit card business areas, including credit card applications, account setup, authorization and activation, settlement, collection, promotion, point system, anti-fraud, statement, reporting and risk management. In the past years, we have successfully helped our China and global clients manage their credit card IT systems such as VisionPLUS, a credit card processing solution. We offer expertise in customizing these credit card tools and platforms to suit a variety of business models.

Our highly experienced team possesses the requisite expertise in providing these comprehensive credit card services. The IT consulting professional teams provide credit card services from Shanghai, Dalian and Hong Kong. We offer this experience and expertise in various currencies, across different geographical regions, including, but not limited to China, Singapore, UK, Philippine, Indonesia, and Latin America. In addition, we have developed a series of credit card solutions in order meet the needs of our clients better.

Core Banking Services

We are one of China’s largest core banking system services providers for global banks. Most global banks establish their IT development centers and gradually expand their business in China. Those banks require significant core banking IT services. We offer more than ten years of experience in providing leading global banks with the support and expertise needed to implement their core banking system, including business analysis, system design, development, testing services, system maintenance, and global operation support. We provide services across multiple functions including loans, deposit, general ledger, wealth management, debit card, anti-money-laundering, statement and reporting, and risk management. We also provide architecture consulting services for core banking systems and online and mobile banking. We successfully transformed the centralized core banking system for one of our US-based clients to a service-oriented architecture and integrate it into a global unified version, which successfully satisfied its business needs in various markets. In addition, we engage the cloud-native solution of core banking system with micro services architecture, which can serve both Chinese and global banks to meet the ever-changing demands of the market with high flexibility, high scalability, high reliability and multichannel connectivity.

For the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, revenues from our IT consulting services were approximately USD$29.1 million and USD$28.0 million, respectively. Revenues from our IT consulting services accounted for 92.9% and 96.5% of our total revenues in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, revenues from our IT consulting services were approximately USD$21.6 million and USD$13.3 million, respectively. Revenues from our IT consulting services accounted for 97.4% and 92.7% of our total revenues for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Solution Services

We are also an IT solution services provider for China and global financial institutions. We offer our clients over a decade of experience proving Chinese and global financial institutions with business and technological know-how including cloud computing and big data. We have accumulated an in-depth knowledge base that enables us to provide end-to-end customized solutions for our clients. The performance from our R&D center supports our ability to offer our clients creative solution design, especially in the areas of new information technology such as blockchain.

We offer software project development, maintenance and testing solution services, including COBOL, Java, .NET, Mobile and other technology applications. Specifically, we assist our clients in three aspects: (i) adopting and applying the most suitable technologies to ensure that software solutions are designed with information security and intellectual property rights protection in mind, (ii) building and managing a dedicated or leveraged software development, maintenance and quality and efficiency testing, and (iii) providing onshore and offshore IT solution services to ensure turn-key delivery.

We have been working with a number of Chinese domestic banks to assist them in leveraging blockchain technology. Using this technology, a loyalty reward solution was developed allowing domestic banks to track and trace transactions in real-time. It was recently implemented in Jiangnan Rural Commercial Bank. Also, the pilot phase of this solution was completed for Taicang Rural Commercial Bank.

The solution sets up a consortium chain platform using blockchain technology. When a bank or a merchant joins the consortium, it becomes a node of the consortium chain. This allows the bank’s customers to manage and use their rewards among different banks and merchants, as well as share rewards among different customers. There are four layers in the overall architecture in this solution which includes the blockchain core layer, the blockchain SDK layer, the application system layer and the front-end layer. The consensus mechanism, P2P protocol, distributed ledger and storage mechanism of core layer are used to record transactions and prevent fraud.

We will continue to develop our new IT solutions to meet the evolving needs of our Chinese and global financial institutional clientele drawing upon the forward-looking research of our R&D center.

For the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, revenues from our customized IT solution services were approximately USD$1.8 million and USD$0.9 million, respectively. Revenues from our customized IT solution service accounted for 5.9% and 3.2% of our total revenues in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, revenues from our customized IT solution services were approximately USD$0.5 million and USD$0.8 million, respectively. Revenues from our customized IT solution service accounted for 2.4% and 5.3% of our total revenues for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Other Services

CLPS Virtual Banking Platform (CLB) – CLB is a unique and successful training platform for IT talents owned by CLPS. For more than ten years, we have been focusing on recruiting, training, developing and retaining human capital and talents. We have been developing and continuously upgrading our CLB to train specialized financial IT personnel in order to differentiate ourselves from general IT developers. CLB is one of the crucial components of our Talent Creation Program (“TCP”). It contains a full set of banking application modules covering areas such as core banking, credit cards, and wealth management, incorporated with cutting-edge technologies, such as JAVA, Android & iOS, HTML, blockchain, cloud computing and big data.

In fiscal years 2017 and 2016, revenue from other services was approximately USD$0.4 million and USD$0.08 million, respectively. Revenues from other services accounted for 1.2% and 0.3% of our total revenues in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. For six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, revenue from other services was approximately USD$0.04 million and USD$0.3 million, respectively. Revenues from other services accounted for 0.2% and 2% of our total revenues for six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Research and Development

R&D is an integral part of our continued growth. In order to serve our Chinese and global clients’ needs better, we focus on exploring and researching new and advanced technologies and how to integrate them into our existing and new solutions.

Currently, we are working on applying new and advanced technologies and tools to enhance our project delivery capability and efficiency. For instance, we applied the DevOps methodology and tools in our project delivery process and platform. This methodology has greatly enhanced the development, operational efficiency and project quality. We focus on blockchain, big data and cloud native applications. We have developed a loyalty reward solution based on blockchain platform and implemented this solution with several China-based banks. With micro services architecture, we engage the cloud-native solution of core banking system, and have developed the first pilot business module to be tested on the client side. By utilizing big data technology, we research, develop and apply new features to existing credit scoring and anti-fraud solutions. We have invested a significant amount of capital in technology research and solution development. As a result, we have expanded our technological capabilities, improved efficiency of project delivery, and enhanced our offerings by improving existing solutions and inventing new solutions, which drive new revenue opportunities and improve our core competency.

During fiscal years 2017 and 2016, our R&D expense were approximately USD$4.2 million and USD$5.6 million, respectively, representing 13.5% and 19.2% of our total revenues for fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. During six months ended December 2017 and 2016, our R&D expense were approximately USD$3.6 million and USD$2.0 million, respectively, representing 16% and 14% of our total revenues for six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Significant Customers

Industry and Market Background

Businesses, both domestically in China and globally, are outsourcing a growing portion of their IT services and business processes to China-based IT providers.

According to PRC’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) data, the software industry revenues reached RMB 4.9 trillion (USD$723 billion) in 2016. IT service market has developed and grown rapidly in recent years with the revenue reached RMB 2.5 trillion (USD$369 billion) in 2016, accounting for 51.8% of the whole software industry.

Financial institutions/banking IT services market is composed of software and services, which are shown as below:

Data source: Wind Terminal

In 2015, the overall banking IT services market reached RMB 22.5 billion (USD$3.3 billion). China's banking IT market has distinctive structure feature, with service sub-field occupying half of the market share, and maintains steady growth. According to IDC data, China's integrated banking IT services market increased from RMB 7.1 billion (USD$1.0 billion) to RMB 22.5 billion (USD$3.3 billion) from 2009 to 2015, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 21.2%; the market scale of service sub-field increased from RMB 5.5 billion (USD$811 million) to RMB 18.2 billion (USD$2.7 billion), with compound annual growth rate of 22.1%. According to IDC forecast, China's integrated banking IT services market is expected to increase to RMB 61.2 billion (USD$9.0 billion) in 2020, growing at compound annual growth rate of 22.1% compared with 2015 (IDC China Banking IT Services Market Forecast and Analysis 2016-2020). In 2015, these services still comprised the largest proportion in China's banking IT service market, reaching 81.8%. We believe that the IDC research suggests that the current Chinese banking IT services market is gradually transforming from a “software plus service” delivery model to a service-oriented delivery model. It is expected that services will account for a higher proportion of the entire banking industry's application services in 2020.

There are several factors driving the overall growth of China’s IT services industry, including the rapid growth of China’s economy and domestic demand for IT services, the strategic importance of China as a target market for global clients, strong offshore outsourcing demand, availability of low-cost qualified IT professionals with global and regional language skills, well-developed infrastructure in China and strong government support and spending. We believe that the market development trends include a growing emphasis on big data services, innovation in channel solutions, risk management and prevention, more customer-oriented services, and globalization of the financial services industry. We believe we are well positioned to capture the significant market opportunities in the IT services industry both in China and globally.

Our Strategies

We have developed and intend to implement the following strategies to expand and grow the size of our Company:

● Grow revenue with existing and new clients - We intend to pursue additional revenue opportunities from existing Chinese and global clients, which include many of the leading companies in our financial industry. We will focus on continuing to deliver high quality services and solutions and identifying additional opportunities with existing clients as they will continue to constitute a significant portion of our revenues and medium-term growth. We will also continue to target certain new Chinese and global clients, using our comprehensive service and solution offerings, combined with increasingly deep domain expertise in finance industry. Furthermore, we will continue to invest in a delivery platform that benefits both Chinese and global clients, capturing synergies between the Chinese and global markets to benefit both groups of clients.

● Continue to invest in research and development, deepen domain expertise and develop specific solutions for target industry verticals - We will continue to enhance our domain knowledge in the financial industry and relevant business-specific processes. As we grow our industry and service area expertise, we intend to leverage the domain knowledge accumulated in our work with our Chinese and global clients to more effectively address their business-specific needs. In addition, we plan to continue investing in R&D, focusing on developing solutions that leverage our industry experience and R&D capabilities, to combine proprietary applications with our services to best address client needs.

● Continue to invest in training and development of our world-class human capital base - We place a high priority on attracting, training, developing and retaining our human capital base to be increasingly competitive. We will continue to build our professional talent pool through our Talent Creation Program (“TCP”) and Talent Development Program (“TDP”) to ensure the sustainable supply of financial IT talent resources. These programs are the results of our collaboration with Shanda University and utilization of a technical curriculum and professional certifications developed and maintained by our Company. We will continue to develop our scalable human capital platform by implementing resource planning and staffing systems and by attracting, training and developing high-quality professionals to form CLPS’s large talent pool in order to meet ever-changing clients’ needs. We will build on and leverage existing training programs and leverage the CLPS College, which we intend to expand to other key cities and other industries, such as the insurance sector, to tap deeper into CLPS’s talent pool. In addition to our dedicated training centers, we expect to open additional training centers overseas as we anticipate increasing demand for our services and solutions. We will continue to strengthen our collaboration with leading domestic universities to improve our on-campus recruiting results and help to better prepare graduates for work in our industry. The strength of our TCP/TDP program adds to our recognition in the industry by competitors and customers alike.

● Drive efficiencies through ongoing improvements in operational excellence - We strive to gain significant operating efficiencies by leveraging historical and ongoing investments in infrastructure, research and development and human capital. We operate our business on a single, integrated platform, with centralized functions which provide significant economies of scale across our business both domestically and globally, as well as cross service offerings. We also expect to continue investing in our own IT infrastructure and more advanced technologies, such as cloud computing, to allow us to enhance our scalability and continue to grow in a more cost-effective fashion. As part of expanding our scale, we intend to continue building up training centers tailored to our human capital needs to deploy human capital more efficiently, thereby improving overall resource utilization and productivity.

● Capture new growth opportunities through strategic alliances and acquisitions - We will continue to pursue selective alliances and acquisitions in order to enhance our industry-specific technology and service delivery capabilities by building on our track record of successfully acquiring and integrating targeted companies. We will continue to identify and assess opportunities to enhance our abilities to serve our clients. We will focus on enhancing our technology capabilities, deepening our penetration into key clients, expanding our portfolio of service offerings and expanding our operations geographically.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that the principal competitive factors in our markets are industry expertise, breadth and depth of service offerings, quality of the services offered, reputation and track record, marketing and selling skills, scalability of infrastructure and price.

We believe that there are several key strengths that differentiate us from our competitors and will continue to contribute to our growth and success.

We have established employee loyalty through the core engine of TCP and TDP programs, both are integral parts of our supply chain which supports our service lines. Since 2008, our talent training services have offered training courses in five areas, including domain knowledge, technology skills, data security and management compliance training, soft skills for personnel; and English language skills including verbal and business correspondence for all level, especially for those who need to communicate with global customers directly on a daily basis. We believe that the depth and comprehensive nature of our talent training services are key features that distinguish us from our competitions. For more than ten years, the Company has been recruiting, training, developing and retaining human capital and talents. We have been developing and upgrading our CLPS Virtual Banking Platform (CLB) to train specialized financial IT professionals. CLB is one of the crucial components which enables our Talent Creation Program. It contains a full set of banking application modules covering areas such as core banking, credit cards and wealth management incorporated with cutting-edge technologies, such as JAVA, Android & iOS, HTML and big data. We select more than 200 students each year to participate in our training program. During their junior and senior years, the students learn to implement the concepts covered by our TCP platform along with their other computer science theory and coursework. Thereafter, the students join us as interns to continue improving their software development skills and will eventually become part of our development teams. As a result, graduates have an equivalent of nine months’ worth of “on the job” training and experience. In 2017, we collaborated with Global Business College of Australia (GCBA) to set up a Financial Innovation Center (FIC) on its campus to offer our TCP training program to GCBA students with a specific interest in banking industry.

Our TDP program is a continuous internal training program for our skilled-professionals in order to serve our clients better. The TDP program increases our professionals’ skillsets and business knowledge in their respective domain and technical fields. Our joint effort with Fudan University has established support to our senior staff to earn a financial-IT oriented master’s degree in Software Engineering (MSE). Since 2005, through our TCP and TDP programs, we have trained and retained a large pool of specialized personnel skilled in serving financial-related industry clients.

As a result of our employee loyalty programs, we have established an ecosystem of loyal client relationships. Employee satisfaction and enhanced career development have resulted in better service to our clients. Client satisfaction in return motivates our employees to continue to provide excellent service to our clients. In addition to the above-mentioned benefits, our Company’s strengths include the following:

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core competency particularly in banking and insurance industry;

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deep domain knowledge and solutions in financial industry verticals;

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strategic engagements with financial blue-chip clients most of which have been with us since our inception;

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comprehensive service offerings including financial IT solutions & consulting as well as other services;

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experienced senior management team with proven track record of success.

Risks and Challenges

Our prospects should be considered in light of the risks, uncertainties, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by similar companies. Our ability to realize our business objectives and execute our strategies is subject to risks and uncertainties, including, among others, the following:

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our inability to effectively manage our rapid growth, which could place significant strain on our management personnel, systems and resources

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adverse changes in the economic environment either in China or globally

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intense competition from onshore and offshore IT services companies

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intense competition for highly skilled personnel

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our reliance on a relatively small number of major clients, including Citibank and its affiliates accounted for 38.6% and 59.2% of our total revenue for fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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our ability to anticipate and develop new services and enhance existing services to keep pace with rapid changes in technology

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our inability to integrate or manage acquired companies efficiently

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our ability to attract new clients for our services and/or growing revenues from existing clients

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risks associated with having a long selling and implementation cycle for our services that require us to make significant resource commitments prior to realizing revenues for those services

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increases in wages for professionals in China

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the international nature of our business

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risks related to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information

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risks related to intellectual property infringement claims

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risks related to material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting such that if we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.

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losses resulting from business interruptions resulting from occurrence of natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks or events

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fluctuation in the value of the Renminbi and other currencies

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disruptions in telecommunications or significant failure in our IT systems that could harm our service model

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our vulnerabilities to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations

In addition, we face other risks and uncertainties that may materially affect our business prospect, financial condition, and results of operations. You should consider the risks discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus before investing in our common shares.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive office is located at the 2nd Floor, Building 18, Shanghai Pudong Software Park, 498 Guoshoujing Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PRC. Our telephone number is (+86)21-31268010. Our website is as follows www.clpsglobal.com. The information on our website is not part of this prospectus.

Our Corporate Structure

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus. For more detail on our corporate history please refer to “Corporate History and Background” appearing on p. 53 of this prospectus.

Emerging Growth Company Status

As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, enacted in April 2012, and may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:

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being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our SEC filings;

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not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

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reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and

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exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We may take advantage of these provisions until the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of our common equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. However, if certain events occur before the end of such five-year period, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion or we issue more than $1.00 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company before the end of such five-year period.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards and acknowledge such election is irrevocable pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act.

Foreign Private Issuer Status

We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and more than 50 percent of our outstanding voting securities are not directly or indirectly held by residents of the United States. Therefore, we are a “foreign private issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act and Rule 3b-4(c) under the Exchange Act. As a result, we are not subject to the same requirements as U.S. domestic issuers. Under the Exchange Act, we will be subject to reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. For example, we will not be required to issue quarterly reports or proxy statements. We will not be required to disclose detailed individual executive compensation information. Furthermore, our directors and executive officers will not be required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Exchange Act and will not be subject to the insider short-swing profit disclosure and recovery regime.

Notes on Prospectus Presentation

Numerical figures included in this prospectus have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in various tables may not be arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede them. Certain market data and other statistical information contained in this prospectus are based on information from independent industry organizations, publications, surveys and forecasts. Some market data and statistical information contained in this prospectus are also based on management’s estimates and calculations, which are derived from our review and interpretation of the independent sources listed above, our internal research and our knowledge of the PRC information technology industry. While we believe such information is reliable, we have not independently verified any third-party information and our internal data has not been verified by any independent source.

For the sake of clarity, this prospectus follows the English naming convention of first name followed by last name, regardless of whether an individual’s name is Chinese or English.

Except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this prospectus only:

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Depending on the context, the terms “we,” “us,” “our company,” and “our” refer to CLPS Incorporation, a Cayman Islands company, and its subsidiary and affiliated companies:

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“Qinheng” refers to Qinheng Co., Limited, a Hong Kong company;

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“Qiner” refers to Qiner Co., Limited, a Hong Kong company;

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“CLIVST” refers to CLIVST Ltd., a British Virgin Islands company;

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“FDT-CL” refers to FDT-CL Financial Technology Services Limited, a Hong Kong company;

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“JQ” refers to JQ Technology Co., Limited, a Hong Kong company;

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“JL” refers to JIALIN Technology Limited, a Taiwan company;

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“CLPS QC (WOFE)” refers to Shanghai Qincheng Information Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company;

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“CLPS Shanghai” refers to ChinaLink Professional Services Co., Ltd., a PRC company;

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“CLPS Dalian” refers to CLPS Dalian Co., Ltd., a PRC company;

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“CLPS RC” refers to CLPS Ruicheng Co., Ltd., a PRC company;

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“CLPS Beijing” refers to CLPS Beijing Hengtong Co., Ltd., a PRC company;

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“Judge China” refers to Judge (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., a PRC company;

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“Judge HR” refers to Judge (Shanghai) Human Resource Co., Ltd., a PRC company;

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“CLPS AU” refers to CLPS Technology (Australia) Pty. Ltd., an Australian company;

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“CLPS SG” refers to CLPS Technology (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., a Singaporean company;

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“CLPS Hong Kong” refers to CLPS Technology (HK) Co., Ltd., a Hong Kong company;

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“CLPS Shenzhen” refers to CLPS Shenzhen Co., Ltd., a PRC company;

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“Huanyu” refers to Tianjin Huanyu Qinshang Network Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company

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“CLPS Guangzhou” refers to CLPS Guangzhou Co., Ltd., a PRC company.

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“shares” and “common shares” refer to our shares, $0.0001 par value per share;

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“China” and “PRC” refer to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purposes of this prospectus only, Macau, Taiwan and Hong Kong; and

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all references to “RMB,” “yuan” and “Renminbi” are to the legal currency of China, and all references to “USD,” and “U.S. dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States.

Unless otherwise noted, all currency figures in this filing are in U.S. dollars. Any discrepancies in any table between the amounts identified as total amounts and the sum of the amounts listed therein are due to rounding.

Our reporting currency is U.S. dollar and our functional currency is Renminbi. This prospectus contains translations of certain foreign currency amounts into U.S. dollars for the convenience of the reader. Other than in accordance with relevant accounting rules and as otherwise stated, all translations of Renminbi into U.S. dollars in this prospectus were made at the rate of RMB6.7793 to USD1.00, the noon buying rate on June 30, 2017, as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board. Where we make period-on-period comparisons of operational metrics, such calculations are based on the Renminbi amount and not the translated U.S. dollar equivalent. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this prospectus could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.

The Offering

Shares Offered		[_] common shares

Over-allotment Option		We have granted the underwriters 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional [_] shares on the same terms as the other shares being purchased by the underwriters from us.

Shares outstanding before this offering		11,290,000 shares

Shares outstanding after this offering		[_] shares

Use of Proceeds		We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $[_] million, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $[_] per share, which is the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses and assuming no exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for global expansion, R&D, talent development and working capital and general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds” for more information.

Underwriters’ Warrants		Upon the closing of this offering, we will issue to Cuttone & Co., LLC and The Benchmark Company, LLC, as representatives of the underwriters, warrants entitling the representatives to purchase: (i) up to 5% of the number of common shares sold to investors introduced by the underwriters in this offering; and (ii) up to 3% of the number of common shares issued to investors identified by the Company in this offering. The warrants shall be exercisable for a period of five years from the effective date of the Registration Statement on Form F-1 of which this prospectus forms a part.

NASDAQ Trading symbol		We intend to apply for listing of our common shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CLPS”.

Risk Factors		Investing in these securities involves a high degree of risk. As an investor, you should be able to bear a complete loss of your investment. You should carefully consider the information set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus before deciding to invest in our common shares.

Summary Financial Data

The following summary consolidated statements of operations and cash flow data for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 and the summary consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following summary consolidated financial statements for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our management believes that the assumptions underlying our financial statements and the above allocations are reasonable. Our financial statements, however, may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows as if we had operated as a separate, stand-alone company during the periods presented. You should not view our historical results as an indicator of our future performance.

The following table presents our summary consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Selected Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income

(In U.S. dollars, except number of shares)

	For the years ended June 30,						For the Six Months ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
							(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Revenues	$	31,361,976		$	29,024,178		$	22,199,995		$	14,323,938
Less: Cost of revenues		(18,669,812	)		(17,463,416	)		(13,341,978	)		(8,483,897	)
Gross profit		12,692,164			11,560,762			8,858,017			5,840,041

Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		1,206,493			413,016			1,132,931			282,618
Research and development		4,232,788			5,579,058			3,562,988			2,006,766
General and administrative		5,647,790			4,955,037			3,064,232			3,032,589
Total operating expenses		11,087,071			10,947,111			7,760,151			5,321,973
Income from operations		1,605,093			613,651			1,097,866			518,068
Subsidies and other income		508,187			1,446,408			366,798			455,009
Other expense		(10,469			(5,935	)		(13,213	)		(2,146	)

Income before income tax		2,102,811			2,054,124			1,451,451			970,931
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		(118,546			269,153			126,060			(54,042	)
Net income		2,221,357			1,784,971			1,325,391			1,024,973
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests		173,912			(41,141	)		(5,938	)		(475	)
Net income attributable to CLPS Incorporation's shareholders	$	2,047,445		$	1,826,112		$	1,331,329		$	1,025,448

Other comprehensive (loss) income
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain	$	(93,177		$	(387,100	)	$	231,224		$	(233,825	)
Less: foreign currency translation (loss) gain attributable to Non-controlling interests		1,732			(1,471	)		20,773			(7,049	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income attributable to CLPS Incorporation’s shareholders	$	(94,909		$	(385,629	)	$	210,451		$	(226,776)

Comprehensive income
CLPS Incorporation shareholders	$	1,952,536		$	1,440,483		$	1,541,780		$	798,672
Non-controlling interests		175,644			(42,612	)		14,835			(7,524	)
	$	2,128,180		$	1,397,871		$	1,556,615		$	791,148

Basic and diluted earnings per common share *	$	0.16		$	0.18		$	0.12		$	0.09
Weighted average number of share outstanding – basic and diluted		11,290,000			11,290,000			11,290,000			11,290,000

* The shares and per share data are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the nominal share issuance.

The following table presents our summary consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2017.

	As of June 30,				As of December 31,
	2017		2016		2017
					(Unaudited)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,814,568	$	5,277,196	$	4,659,037
Total Current Assets	$	12,325,296	$	9,910,841	$	16,619,705
Total Assets	$	13,521,923	$	10,471,529	$	17,853,399
Total Liabilities	$	8,210,625	$	6,264,005	$	10,985,416
Total CLPS Incorporation’s Shareholders' Equity	$	4,834,188	$	4,203,490	$	6,375,968
Non-controlling Interests	$	477,110	$	4,034	$	492,015
Total Shareholders’ Equity	$	5,311,298	$	4,207,524	$	6,867,983
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	13,521,923	$	10,471,529	$	17,853,399

Investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below together with all of the other information included in this prospectus before making an investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described below represent our known material risks to our business. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer. In that case, you may lose all or part of your investment. You should not invest in this offering unless you can afford to lose your entire investment.

We may be unable to effectively manage our rapid growth, which could place significant strain on our management personnel, systems and resources. We may not be able to achieve anticipated growth, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.

We have significantly grown and expanded our business recently. Our revenues grew from $29.0 million in fiscal 2016 to $31.4 million in fiscal 2017. As of the date of this prospectus, we maintain eleven delivery and or R&D centers, of which seven are located in China (Shanghai, Beijing, Dalian, Tianjin, Chengdu, Guangzhou and Shenzhen) and four are located globally (Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and Australia), to serve different customers in various geographic locations. The number of our total employees grew from 1,055 in fiscal 2016 to 1,248 in fiscal 2017. As of March 25, 2018 we had 1,606 full-time employees. We are actively looking for additional locations to establish new offices and expand our current offices and sales and delivery centers. We intend to continue our expansion in the foreseeable future to pursue existing and potential market opportunities. Our growth has placed and will continue to place significant demands on our management and our administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. Continued expansion increases the challenges we face in:

Moreover, as we introduce new services or enter into new markets, we may face new market, technological and operational risks and challenges with which we are unfamiliar, and it may require substantial management efforts and skills to mitigate these risks and challenges. As a result of any of these problems associated with expansion, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, we may not be able to achieve anticipated growth, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.

Adverse changes in the economic environment, either in China or globally, could reduce our clients’ purchases from us and increase pricing pressure, which could materially and adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.

The IT services industry is particularly sensitive to the economic environment, either in China or globally, and tends to decline during general economic downturns. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are subject to a significant degree to the economic environment, especially for regions in which we and our clients operate. During an economic downturn, our clients may cancel, reduce or defer their IT spending or change their IT outsourcing strategy, and reduce their purchases from us. The recent global economic slowdown and any future economic slowdown, and the resulting diminution in IT spending, could also lead to increased pricing pressure from our clients. The occurrence of any of these events could materially and adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.

We face intense competition from onshore and offshore IT services companies, and, if we are unable to compete effectively, we may lose clients and our revenues may decline.

The market for IT services is highly competitive and we expect competition to persist and intensify. We believe that the principal competitive factors in our markets are industry expertise, breadth and depth of service offerings, quality of the services offered, reputation and track record, marketing and selling skills, scalability of infrastructure and price. In addition, the trend towards offshore outsourcing, international expansion by foreign and domestic competitors and continuing technological changes will result in new and different competitors entering our markets. In the IT outsourcing market, clients tend to engage multiple outsourcing service providers instead of using an exclusive service provider, which could reduce our revenues to the extent that clients obtain services from other competing providers. Clients may prefer service providers that have facilities located globally or that are based in countries more cost-competitive than China. Our ability to compete also depends in part on a number of factors beyond our control, including the ability of our competitors to recruit, train, develop and retain highly skilled professionals, the price at which our competitors offer comparable services and our competitors’ responsiveness to client needs. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to retain our clients while competing against such competitors. Increased competition, our inability to compete successfully against competitors, pricing pressures or loss of market share could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Due to intense competition for highly skilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained personnel to support our operations; as a result, our ability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline.

The IT services industry relies on skilled personnel, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to recruit, train, develop and retain qualified personnel, especially experienced middle and senior level management. The IT services industry in China has experienced significant levels of employee attrition. Our attrition rates were 18% and 15% per annum in 2016 and 2017, respectively. We may encounter higher attrition rates in the future, particularly if China continues to experience strong economic growth. There is significant competition in China for skilled personnel, especially experienced middle and senior level management, with the skills necessary to perform the services we offer to our clients. Increased competition for these personnel, in the IT industry or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us. We have established TCP and TDP programs to increase our human capital and employee loyalty, however, a significant increase in our attrition rate could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to a decline in demand for our services. Additionally, failure to recruit, train, develop and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill the needs of our existing and future clients or to assimilate new personnel successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Failure to retain our key personnel on client projects or find suitable replacements for key personnel upon their departure may lead to termination of some of our client contracts or cancellation of some of our projects, which could materially and adversely affect our business.

Our success depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.

Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience, client relationships and reputation of Xiao Feng Yang, our Chairman, president and director. We currently do not maintain key man life insurance for any of the senior members of our management team or other key personnel. If one or more of our senior executives or key employees are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, it could disrupt our business operations, and we may not be able to replace them easily or at all. In addition, competition for senior executives and key personnel in our industry is intense, and we may be unable to retain our senior executives and key personnel or attract and retain new senior executive and key personnel in the future, in which case our business may be severely disrupted, and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If any of our senior executives or key personnel joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose clients, suppliers, know-how and key professionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers, who generally keep a close relationship with our clients, joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose clients, and our revenues may be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, there could be unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge, practices or procedures by such personnel. Most of our executives and key personnel have entered into employment agreements with us that contain non-competition provisions, non-solicitation and nondisclosure covenants. However, if any dispute arises between our executive officers and key personnel and us, such non-competition, non-solicitation and nondisclosure provisions might not provide effective protection to us, especially in China, where most of these executive officers and key employees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system.

We generate a significant portion of our revenues from a relatively small number of major clients and loss of business from these clients could reduce our revenues and significantly harm our business.

We believe that in the foreseeable future we will continue to derive a significant portion of our revenues from a small number of major clients. For the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, Citibank and its affiliates accounted for 38.6% and 59.2% of the Company’s total revenues, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, Citibank accounted for 30.7% and 41% of the Company’s total revenues, respectively. For fiscal 2017 and 2016, substantially all the service provided by the Company to Citibank was IT consulting service and billed through time-and-expense contracts. The Company has not entered into any material long term contracts with Citibank. Our ability to maintain close relationships with these and other major clients is essential to the growth and profitability of our business. However, the volume of work performed for a specific client is likely to vary from year to year, especially since we are generally not our clients’ exclusive IT services provider and we do not have long-term commitments from any of our clients to purchase our services. The typical team for our service agreements is between 1 and 3 years. A major client in one year may not provide the same level of revenues for us in any subsequent year. The IT services we provide to our clients, and the revenues and income from those services, may decline or vary as the type and quantity of IT services we provide changes over time. In addition, our reliance on any individual client for a significant portion of our revenues may give that client a certain degree of pricing leverage against us when negotiating contracts and terms of service. In addition, a number of factors other than our performance could cause the loss of or reduction in business or revenues from a client, and these factors are not predictable. These factors may include corporate restructuring, pricing pressure, changes to its outsourcing strategy, switching to another services provider or returning work in-house. In the future, a small number of customers may continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in any given period. The loss of any of our major clients could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

If we are unable to collect our receivables from our clients, our results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Our business depends on our ability to successfully obtain payment from our clients of the amounts they owe us for work performed. As of June 30, 2017 and 2016, our accounts receivable balance, net of allowance, amounted to approximately $6.6 million and $4.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, our accounts receivable balance, net of allowance, amounted to approximately $10.8 million and $5.8 million, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2017, Citibank accounted for 39.1% of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance. For the year ended June 30, 2016, Citibank and eBay accounted for 47.3% and 10.0% of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2017, Citibank and its affiliates accounted for 33.8% of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance. For the six months ended December 31, 2016, Citibank and eBay accounted for 41.6% and 14.0% of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance, respectively. Since we generally do not require collateral or other security from our clients, we establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon estimates, historical experience and other factors surrounding the credit risk of specific clients. However, actual losses on client receivables balance could differ from those that we anticipate and as a result we might need to adjust our allowance. There is no guarantee that we will accurately assess the creditworthiness of our clients. Macroeconomic conditions, including related turmoil in the global financial system, could also result in financial difficulties for our clients, including limited access to the credit markets, insolvency or bankruptcy, and as a result could cause clients to delay payments to us, request modifications to their payment arrangements that could increase our receivables balance, or default on their payment obligations to us. As a result, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account will have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnover days of our accounts receivable. If we are unable to collect our receivables from our clients in accordance with the contracts with our clients, our results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

The growth and success of our business depends on our ability to anticipate and develop new services and enhance existing services in order to keep pace with rapid changes in technology and in the industries we focus on.

The market for our services is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, changing client preferences and new product and service introductions. Our future growth and success depend significantly on our ability to anticipate developments in IT services, and develop and offer new product and service lines to meet our clients’ evolving needs. We may not be successful in anticipating or responding to these developments in a timely manner, or if we do respond, the services or technologies we develop may not be successful in the marketplace. The development of some of the services and technologies may involve significant upfront investments and the failure of these services and technologies may result in our being unable to recover these investments, in part or in full. Further, services or technologies that are developed by our competitors may render our services uncompetitive or obsolete. In addition, new technologies may be developed that allow our clients to more cost-effectively perform the services that we provide, thereby reducing demand for our services. Should we fail to adapt to the rapidly changing IT services market or if we fail to develop suitable services to meet the evolving and increasingly sophisticated requirements of our clients in a timely manner, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We may be unsuccessful in entering into strategic alliances or identifying and acquiring suitable acquisition candidates, which could impede our growth and negatively affect our revenues and net income.

We have pursued and may continue to pursue strategic alliances and strategic acquisition opportunities to increase our scale and geographic presence, expand our service offerings and capabilities and enhance our industry and technical expertise. However, it is possible that in the future we may not succeed in identifying suitable alliances or acquisition candidates. Even if we identify suitable candidates, we may not be able to consummate these arrangements on terms commercially acceptable to us or to obtain necessary regulatory approvals in the case of acquisitions. Many of our competitors are likely to be seeking to enter into similar arrangements or acquire the same targets that we are looking to enter into or acquire. Such competitors may have substantially greater financial resources than we do and may be more attractive to our strategic partners or be able to outbid us for the targets. In addition, we may also be unable to timely deploy our existing cash balances to effect a potential acquisition, as use of cash balances located onshore in China may require specific governmental approvals or result in withholding and other tax payments. If we are unable to enter into suitable strategic alliances or complete suitable acquisitions, our growth strategy may be impeded and our revenues and net income could be negatively affected.

If we fail to integrate or manage acquired companies efficiently, or if the acquired companies do not perform to our expectations, we may not be able to realize the benefits envisioned for such acquisitions, and our overall profitability and growth plans may be adversely affected.

Historically, we have expanded our service capabilities and gained new clients through selective acquisitions. Our ability to successfully integrate an acquired entity and realize the benefits of any acquisition requires, among other things, successful integration of technologies, operations and personnel. Challenges we face in the acquisition and integration process include:

In addition, the primary value of many potential targets in the outsourcing industry lies in their skilled professionals and established client relationships. Transitioning these types of assets to our business can be particularly difficult due to different corporate cultures and values, geographic distance and other intangible factors. For example, some newly acquired employees may decide not to work with us or to leave shortly after their move to our company and some acquired clients may decide to discontinue their commercial relationships with us. These challenges could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees and increase our expenses, including causing us to incur significant one-time expenses and write-offs, and make it more difficult and complex for our management to effectively manage our operations. If we are not able to successfully integrate an acquired entity and its operations and to realize the benefits envisioned for such acquisition, our overall growth and profitability plans may be adversely affected.

If we do not succeed in attracting new clients for our services and or growing revenues from existing clients, we may not achieve our revenue growth goals.

We plan to significantly expand the number of clients we serve to diversify our client base and grow our revenues. Revenues from a new client often rise quickly over the first several years following our initial engagement as we expand the services that we provide to that client. Therefore, obtaining new clients is important for us to achieve rapid revenue growth. We also plan to grow revenues from our existing clients by identifying and selling additional services to them. Our ability to attract new clients, as well as our ability to grow revenues from existing clients, depends on a number of factors, including our ability to offer high quality services at competitive prices, the strength of our competitors and the capabilities of our sales and marketing teams. If we are not able to continue to attract new clients or to grow revenues from our existing clients in the future, we may not be able to grow our revenues as quickly as we anticipate or at all.

As a result of our significant recent growth, evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult and our past results may not be indicative of our future performance.

Our future success depends on our ability to significantly increase revenue and maintain profitability from our operations. Our business has grown and evolved significantly in recent years. Our growth in recent years makes it difficult to evaluate our historical performance and make a period-to-period comparison of our historical operating results less meaningful. We may not be able to achieve a similar growth rate or maintain profitability in future periods. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historic rate of growth as an indication of our future performance. You should consider our future prospects in light of the risks and challenges encountered by a company seeking to grow and expand in a competitive industry that is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, changing client preferences and new product and service introductions. These risks and challenges include, among others:

If we are unsuccessful in addressing any of these risks or challenges, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

We face risks associated with having a long selling and implementation cycle for our services that require us to make significant resource commitments prior to realizing revenues for those services.

We have a long selling cycle for our technology services, which requires significant investment of capital, human resources and time by both our clients and us. In our consulting service request, we collect service fees on monthly and quarterly basis; in our solution services segment – by performance obligation fulfillment. Before committing to use our services, potential clients require us to expend substantial time and resources educating them on the value of our services and our ability to meet their requirements. Therefore, our selling cycle is subject to many risks and delays over which we have little or no control, including our clients’ decision to choose alternatives to our services (such as other providers or in-house resources) and the timing of our clients’ budget cycles and approval processes.

Implementing our services also involves a significant commitment of resources over an extended period of time from both our clients and us. Our clients may experience delays in obtaining internal approvals or delays associated with technology, thereby further delaying the implementation process. Our current and future clients may not be willing or able to invest the time and resources necessary to implement our services, and we may fail to close sales with potential clients to which we have devoted significant time and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our profitability will suffer if we are not able to maintain our resource utilization levels and continue to improve our productivity levels.

Our gross margin and profitability are significantly impacted by our utilization levels of human resources as well as other resources, such as computers, IT infrastructure and office space, and our ability to increase our productivity levels. We have expanded our operations significantly in recent years through organic growth and external acquisitions, which has resulted in a significant increase in our headcount and fixed overhead costs. We may face difficulties maintaining high levels of utilization, especially for our newly established or newly acquired businesses and resources. The master service agreements with our clients typically do not impose a minimum or maximum purchase amount and allow our clients to place service orders from time to time at their discretion. Client demand may fall to zero or surge to a level that we cannot cost-effectively satisfy. Although we try to use all commercially reasonable efforts to accurately estimate service orders and resource requirements from our clients, we may overestimate or underestimate, which may result in unexpected cost and strain or redundancy of our human capital and adversely impact our utilization levels. In addition, some of our professionals are specially trained to work for specific clients or on specific projects and some of our sales and delivery center facilities are dedicated to specific clients or specific projects. Our ability to continually increase our productivity levels depends significantly on our ability to recruit, train, develop and retain high-performing professionals, staff projects appropriately and optimize our mix of services and delivery methods. If we experience a slowdown or stoppage of work for any client or on any project for which we have dedicated professionals or facilities, we may not be able to efficiently reallocate these professionals and facilities to other clients and projects to keep their utilization and productivity levels high. If we are not able to maintain high resource utilization levels without corresponding cost reductions or price increases, our profitability will suffer.

A significant portion of our income is generated, and will in the future continue to be generated, on a project basis with a fixed price; we may not be able to accurately estimate costs and determine resource requirements in relation to our projects, which would reduce our margins and profitability.

A significant portion of our income is generated, and will in the future continue to be generated, from fees we receive for our projects with a fixed price. Our projects often involve complex technologies, entail the coordination of operations and workforces in multiple locations, utilizing workforces with different skill sets and competencies and geographically distributed service centers, and must be completed within compressed timeframes and meet client requirements that are subject to change and increasingly stringent. In addition, some of our fixed-price projects are multi-year projects that require us to undertake significant projections and planning related to resource utilization and costs. If we fail to accurately assess the time and resources required for completing projects and to price our projects profitably, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Increases in wages for professionals in China could prevent us from sustaining our competitive advantage and could reduce our profit margins.

Our most significant costs are the salaries and other compensation expenses for our professionals and other employees. Wage costs for professionals in China are lower than those in more developed countries and India. However, because of rapid economic growth, increased productivity levels, and increased competition for skilled employees in China, wages for highly skilled employees in China, in particular middle- and senior-level managers, are increasing at a faster rate than in the past. We may need to increase the levels of employee compensation more rapidly than in the past to remain competitive in attracting and retaining the quality and number of employees that our business requires. Increases in the wages and other compensation we pay our employees in China could reduce our competitive advantage unless we are able to increase the efficiency and productivity of our professionals as well as the prices we can charge for our services. In addition, any appreciation in the value of the Renminbi relative to U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies will cause an increase in the relative wage levels in China, which could further reduce our competitive advantage and adversely impact our profit margin.

The international nature of our business exposes us to risks that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We conduct our business throughout the world in multiple locations. As a result, we are exposed to risks typically associated with conducting business internationally, many of which are beyond our control. These risks include:

The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our net revenues and results of operations are affected by seasonal trends.

Our business is affected by seasonal trends. In particular, our net revenues are typically progressively higher in the second, third and fourth quarters of each year compared to the first quarter of each year due to seasonal trends, such as: (i) a general slowdown in business activities and a reduced number of working days for our professionals during the first quarter of each year as a result of the Chinese New Year holiday period, and (ii) our customers in general tend to spend their IT budgets in the second half of the year and in particular the fourth quarter. Other factors that may cause our quarterly operating results to fluctuate include, among others, changes in general economic conditions in China and the impact of unforeseen events. We believe that our net revenues will continue to be affected in the future by seasonal trends. As a result, you may not be able to rely on period to period comparisons of our operating results as an indication of our future performance, and we believe it is more meaningful to evaluate our business on an annual basis.

We may be forced to reduce the prices of our services due to increased competition and reduced bargaining power with our clients, which could lead to reduced revenues and profitability.

The services outsourcing industry in China is developing rapidly and related technology trends are constantly evolving. This results in the frequent introduction of new services and significant price competition from our competitors. We may be unable to offset the effect of declining average sales prices through increased sales volumes and or reductions in our costs. Furthermore, we may be forced to reduce the prices of our services in response to offerings made by our competitors. Finally, we may not have the same level of bargaining power we have enjoyed in the past when it comes to negotiating for the prices of our services.

If we cause disruptions to our clients’ businesses or provide inadequate service, our clients may have claims for substantial damages against us, and as a result our profits may be substantially reduced.

If our professionals make errors in the course of delivering services to our clients or fail to consistently meet service requirements of a client, these errors or failures could disrupt the client’s business, which could result in a reduction in our net revenues or a claim for substantial damages against us. In addition, a failure or inability to meet a contractual requirement could seriously damage our reputation and affect our ability to attract new business.

The services we provide are often critical to our clients’ businesses. We generally provide customer support from three months to one year after our customized application is delivered. Certain of our client contracts require us to comply with security obligations including maintaining network security and back-up data, ensuring our network is virus-free, maintaining business continuity planning procedures, and verifying the integrity of employees that work with our clients by conducting background checks. Any failure in a client's system or breach of security relating to the services we provide to the client could damage our reputation or result in a claim for substantial damages against us. Any significant failure of our equipment or systems, or any major disruption to basic infrastructure like power and telecommunications in the locations in which we operate, could impede our ability to provide services to our clients, have a negative impact on our reputation, cause us to lose clients, reduce our revenues and harm our business.

Under our contracts with our clients, our liability for breach of our obligations is in some cases limited to a certain percentage of contract price. Such limitations may be unenforceable or otherwise may not protect us from liability for damages. In addition, certain liabilities, such as claims of third parties for which we may be required to indemnify our clients, are generally not limited under our contracts. We currently do not have commercial general or public liability insurance. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Even if such assertions against us are unsuccessful, we may incur reputational harm and substantial legal fees.

We may be liable to our clients for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees or otherwise.

We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential client data in connection with the services we provide. Under the terms of our client contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We use network security technologies, surveillance equipment and other methods to protect sensitive and confidential client data. We also require our employees and subcontractors to enter into confidentiality agreements to limit access to and distribution of our clients’ sensitive and confidential information as well as our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequate to protect our clients’ confidential information. If our clients’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees or our subcontractors or their employees, in violation of any applicable confidentiality agreements or otherwise, our clients may consider us liable for those acts and seek damages and compensation from us. Any such acts could cause us to lose existing and future business and damage our reputation in the market. In addition, we currently do not have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our subcontractors or employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of intellectual property of our clients, which could harm our business and competitive position.

We rely on software licenses from our clients with respect to certain projects. To protect proprietary information and other intellectual property of our clients, we require our employees, subcontractors, consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements with us. These agreements may not provide effective protection for trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation or disclosure of such trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information. Implementation of intellectual property-related laws in China has historically been lacking, primarily because of ambiguities in the PRC laws and difficulties in enforcement. Accordingly, protection of intellectual property rights and confidentiality in China may not be as effective as that in the United States or other developed countries. Policing unauthorized use of proprietary technology is difficult and expensive. The steps we have taken may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of proprietary technology of our clients. Reverse engineering, unauthorized copying or other misappropriation of proprietary technologies of our clients could enable third parties to benefit from our or our clients’ technologies without paying us and our clients for doing so, and our clients may hold us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us, which could harm our business and competitive position.

We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could cause a loss of clients, reduce our revenues and harm our competitive position.

We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, software registration, anti-unfair competition and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality agreements and other methods to protect our intellectual property rights. To protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information, employees, clients, subcontractors, consultants, advisors and collaborators are required to enter into confidentiality agreements. These agreements might not provide effective protection for the trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation or disclosure of such trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information. Implementation of intellectual property-related laws in China has historically been lacking, primarily because of ambiguities in the PRC laws and difficulties in enforcement. Accordingly, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in China may not be as effective as those in the United States or other developed countries, and infringement of intellectual property rights continues to pose a serious risk of doing business in China. Policing unauthorized use of proprietary technology is difficult and expensive. The steps we have taken may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our proprietary technology. Reverse engineering, unauthorized copying, other misappropriation, or negligent or accidental leakage of our proprietary technologies could enable third parties to benefit from our technologies without obtaining our consent or paying us for doing so, which could harm our business and competitive position. Though we are not currently involved in any litigation with respect to intellectual property, we may need to enforce our intellectual property rights through litigation. Litigation relating to our intellectual property may not prove successful and might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be time-consuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, we may lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing services.

Our success largely depends on our ability to use and develop our technology and services without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties, including copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. We may be subject to litigation involving claims of violation of other intellectual property rights of third parties. We typically indemnify clients who purchase our services and solutions against potential infringement of intellectual property rights underlying our services and solutions, which subjects us to the risk of indemnification claims. The holders of other intellectual property rights potentially relevant to our service offerings may make it difficult for us to acquire a license on commercially acceptable terms. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potential infringement claims against us. There may also be technologies licensed to and relied on by us that are subject to infringement or other corresponding allegations or claims by third parties which may damage our ability to rely on such technologies. We are subject to additional risks as a result of our recent and proposed acquisitions and the hiring of new employees who may misappropriate intellectual property from their former employers. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or using technology involving the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming and could divert management’s attention from our business. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, develop non-infringing technology, or re-brand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making, licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential clients deferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our clients against infringement claims in certain instances. Any intellectual property claim or litigation in this area, whether we ultimately win or lose, could damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We may need additional capital and any failure by us to raise additional capital on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to grow our business and develop or enhance our service offerings to respond to market demand or competitive challenges.

We believe that our current cash, cash flow from operations and the proceeds from this offering should be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If these resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. Our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:

Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to grow our business and develop or enhance our product and service offerings to respond to market demand or competitive challenges.

Failure to adhere to regulations that govern our clients’ businesses could result in breaches of contracts with our clients. Failure to adhere to the regulations that govern our business could result in our being unable to effectively perform our services.

Our clients’ business operations are subject to certain rules and regulations in China or elsewhere. Our clients may contractually require that we perform our services in a manner that would enable them to comply with such rules and regulations. Failure to perform our services in such a manner could result in breaches of contract with our clients and, in some limited circumstances, civil fines and criminal penalties for us. In addition, we are required under various Chinese laws to obtain and maintain permits and licenses to conduct our business. If we do not maintain our licenses or other qualifications to provide our services, we may not be able to provide services to existing clients or be able to attract new clients and could lose revenues, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We may incur losses resulting from business interruptions resulting from occurrence of natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks or events.

Our operational facilities may be damaged in natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, heavy rains, sand storms, tsunamis and cyclones, or other events such as fires. Such natural disasters or other events may lead to disruption of information systems and telephone service for sustained periods. Damage or destruction that interrupts our provision of outsourcing services could damage our relationships with our clients and may cause us to incur substantial additional expenses to repair or replace damaged equipment or facilities. We may also be liable to our clients for disruption in service resulting from such damage or destruction. Prolonged disruption of our services as a result of natural disasters or other events may also entitle our clients to terminate their contracts with us. We currently do not have insurance against business interruptions.

Fluctuation in the value of the Renminbi and other currencies may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.

Our financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars. However, a majority of our revenues and expenses are denominated in Renminbi (RMB). Our exposure to foreign exchange risk primarily relates to the limited cash denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of each entity and limited revenue contracts dominated in Singapore dollar, Hong Kong dollar and Australian dollar in certain PRC operating entities. We do not believe that we currently have any significant direct foreign exchange risk and have not hedged exposures denominated in foreign currencies or any other derivative financial instruments. However, the value of your investment in our common shares will be affected by the foreign exchange rate between U.S. dollars and RMB because the primary value of our business is effectively denominated in RMB, while the common shares will be traded in U.S. dollars.

The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions and China’s foreign exchange policies. The People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to limit fluctuations in RMB exchange rate and achieve certain exchange rate targets, and through such intervention kept the U.S. dollar-RMB exchange rate relatively stable.

As we may rely on dividends paid to us by our PRC subsidiaries, any significant revaluation of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on our revenues and financial condition, and the value of any dividends payable on our common shares in foreign currency terms. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from this offering into for our operations, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our common share or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. Furthermore, appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. We cannot predict the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our results of operations and may incur net foreign exchange losses in the future. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert into foreign currencies.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.

Changes in the value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar, euro and other foreign currencies are affected by, among other things, changes in china’s political and economic conditions. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on our revenues and financial condition, and the value of, and any dividends payable on our shares in U.S. dollar terms. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollar we receive from our offering into RMB for our operations, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollar for the purpose of paying dividends on our common stock or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.

Since July 2005, the RMB is no longer pegged to the U.S. dollar, although the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significant short-term fluctuations in the exchange rate, the RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the medium to long term. Moreover, it is possible that in future, PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in the RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.

Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies.

Legislation in certain countries in which we have clients may restrict companies in those countries from outsourcing work to us.

Offshore outsourcing is a politically sensitive issue in the United States. For example, many organizations and public figures in the United States have publicly expressed concern about a perceived association between offshore outsourcing providers and the loss of jobs in their home countries. A number of U.S. states have passed legislation that restricts state government entities from outsourcing certain work to offshore service providers. Other U.S. federal and state legislation has been proposed that, if enacted, would provide tax disincentives for offshore outsourcing or require disclosure of jobs outsourced abroad. Similar legislation could be in enacted in other countries in which we have clients. Any expansion of existing laws or the enactment of new legislation restricting or discouraging offshore outsourcing by companies in the United States, or other countries in which we have clients could adversely impact our business operations and financial results. In addition, from time to time there has been publicity about negative experiences associated with offshore outsourcing, such as theft and misappropriation of sensitive client data. As a result, current or prospective clients may elect to perform such services themselves or may be discouraged from transferring these services from onshore to offshore providers. Any slowdown or reversal of existing industry trends towards offshore outsourcing in response to political pressure or negative publicity would harm our ability to compete effectively with competitors that operate out of onshore facilities and adversely affect our business and financial results.

Disruptions in telecommunications or significant failure in our IT systems could harm our service model, which could result in a reduction of our revenue.

A significant element of our business strategy is to continue to leverage and expand our sales and delivery centers strategically located in China. We believe that the use of a strategically located network of sales and delivery centers will provide us with cost advantages, the ability to attract highly skilled personnel in various regions of the country and the world, and the ability to service clients on a regional and global basis. Part of our service model is to maintain active voice and data communications, financial control, accounting, customer service and other data processing systems between our main offices in Shanghai, our clients’ offices, and our other deliveries centers and support facilities. Our business activities may be materially disrupted in the event of a partial or complete failure of any of these IT or communication systems, which could be caused by, among other things, software malfunction, computer virus attacks, conversion errors due to system upgrading, damage from fire, earthquake, power loss, telecommunications failure, unauthorized entry or other events beyond our control. Loss of all or part of the systems for a period of time could hinder our performance or our ability to complete client projects on time which, in turn, could lead to a reduction of our revenue or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business and business reputation. We may also be liable to our clients for breach of contract for interruptions in service.

Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.

Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused by unauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations. Although we intend to continue to implement security measures, computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks or disruptions may deter our clients from using our solutions or services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of these security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches.

Data networks are also vulnerable to attacks, unauthorized access and disruptions. For example, in a number of public networks, hackers have bypassed firewalls and misappropriated confidential information. It is possible that, despite existing safeguards, an employee could misappropriate our clients’ proprietary information or data, exposing us to a risk of loss or litigation and possible liability. Losses or liabilities that are incurred as a result of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.

In connection with our review of our financial statements for the six months ended December 31, 2017, our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in the design and operation of our internal controls. As defined in the standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of the United States, or PCAOB, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The material weakness related to the Company’s lack of controls and procedures in place to monitor, capture, report and disclose subsequent events that occurred after the balance sheet date, specifically relating to certain revolving credit facilities that were put in place by the Company following such date (See Note 10 to the financial statements). Although the Company was aware of such transactions referenced in the Note, the relevant information was not provided to the financial accounting and reporting personnel, and, as a result, was not reflected in the subsequent note disclosures to the Company’s financial statements.

After review and the performance of additional analysis and other procedures, no material adjustments, restatement or other revisions to our previously issued financial statements were required.

In addition, in order to address the material weakness and to further strengthen our accounting staff and internal controls, we have designated a “point” person within the Company’s accounting and finance reporting structure to whom all information relating to material transactions after the balance sheet closing date is reported to ensure that it is then properly and timely disclosure as subsequent event(s) in notes to the Company’s financial statements; the foregoing measure has been implemented immediately to further enhance and revise the design and operation of our existing controls and procedures in the near term.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal controls may vary over time. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Accordingly, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

We cannot be certain that these measures will successfully remediate the material weakness or that other material weaknesses will not be discovered in the future. If our efforts are not successful or other material weaknesses or control deficiencies occur in the future, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately on a timely basis or help prevent fraud, which could cause our reported financial results to be materially misstated and result in the loss of investor confidence or delisting and cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition, it could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our results of operations, and lead to a decline in the trading price of our securities. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be required to restate our financial statements from prior periods. Because of our status as an emerging growth company, you will not be able to depend on any attestation from our independent registered public accountants as to our internal control over financial reporting for the foreseeable future.

Although we maintain professional liability insurance and property insurance coverage for certain of our facilities and equipment, we do not have any loss of data or business interruption insurance coverage for our operations. If any claims for damage are brought against us, or if we experience any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster, we might incur substantial costs and diversion of resources.

Dividend policy is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors. There is no assurance that our Board of Directors will declare dividends even if we are profitable. The payment of dividends by entities organized in China is subject to limitations as described herein. Under Cayman Islands law, we may only pay dividends from profits of the Company, or credits standing in the Company’s share premium account, and we must be solvent before and after the dividend payment in the sense that we will be able to satisfy our liabilities as they become due in the ordinary course of business; and the realizable value of assets of our Company will not be less than the sum of our total liabilities, other than deferred taxes as shown on our books of account, and our capital. Pursuant to the Chinese enterprise income tax law, dividends payable by a foreign investment entity to its foreign investors are subject to a withholding tax of 10%. Similarly, dividends payable by a foreign investment entity to its Hong Kong investor who owns 25% or more of the equity of the foreign investment entity is subject to a withholding tax of 5%. The payment of dividends by entities organized in China is subject to limitations, procedures and formalities. Regulations in China currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. The transfer to this reserve must be made before distribution of any dividend to shareholders.

Our business may be materially and adversely affected if any of our Chinese subsidiaries declare bankruptcy or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of China provides that an enterprise may be liquidated if the enterprise fails to settle its debts as and when they fall due and if the enterprise’s assets are, or are demonstrably, insufficient to clear such debts. Our Chinese subsidiaries hold certain assets that are important to our business operations. If any of our Chinese subsidiaries undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

WOFE is required to allocate a portion of its after-tax profits, to the statutory reserve fund, and as determined by its board of directors, to the staff welfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners.

Pursuant to Company Law of P.R. China (2013 Revision), Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law of the P.R. China (2000 Revision) and Implementing Rules for the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises (2014 Revision), our WOFE entity is required to allocate a portion of its after-tax profits, to the statutory reserve fund, and in its discretion, to the staff welfare and bonus funds. No lower than 10% of an enterprise’s after tax-profits should be allocated to the statutory reserve fund. When the statutory reserve fund account balance is equal to or greater than 50% of the WOFE’s registered capital, no further allocation to the statutory reserve fund account is required. WOFE determines, in its own discretion, the amount contributed to the staff welfare and bonus funds. These reserves represent appropriations of retained earnings determined according to Chinese law.

Our failure to obtain prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) for the listing and trading of our common shares on a foreign stock exchange could delay this offering or could have a material adverse effect upon our business, operating results, reputation and trading price of our common shares.

On August 8, 2006, six Chinese regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (“MOFCOM”), jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “M&A Rule”). The M&A Rule contains provisions that require that an offshore special purpose vehicle (“SPV”) formed for listing purposes and controlled directly or indirectly by Chinese companies or individuals shall obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published procedures specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by an SPV seeking CSRC approval of overseas listings. However, the application of the M&A Rule remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among leading Chinese law firms regarding the scope and applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. The CSRC has not issued any such definitive rule or interpretation, and we have not chosen to voluntarily request approval under the M&A Rule. If the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of this offering, the offering will be delayed until we obtain CSRC approval, which may take several months. There is also the possibility that we may not be able to obtain such approval. If prior CSRC approval was required, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other Chinese regulatory authorities. These authorities may impose fines and penalties upon our operations in China, limit our operating privileges in China, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into China, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our common shares. The CSRC or other Chinese regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to terminate this offering prior to closing.

If the chops of our PRC companies and subsidiaries are not kept safely, are stolen or are used by unauthorized persons or for unauthorized purposes, the corporate governance of these entities could be severely and adversely compromised.

In China, a company chop or seal serves as the legal representation of the company towards third parties even when unaccompanied by a signature. Each legally registered company in China is required to maintain a company chop, which must be registered with the local Public Security Bureau. In addition to this mandatory company chop, companies may have several other chops which can be used for specific purposes. The chops of our PRC subsidiaries are generally held securely by personnel designated or approved by us in accordance with our internal control procedures. To the extent those chops are not kept safely, are stolen or are used by unauthorized persons or for unauthorized purposes, the corporate governance of these entities could be severely and adversely compromised and those corporate entities may be bound to abide by the terms of any documents so chopped, even if they were chopped by an individual who lacked the requisite power and authority to do so. In addition, if the chops are misused by unauthorized persons, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve while distracting management from our operations.

If we fail to maintain continuing compliance with the PRC state regulatory rules, policies and procedures applicable to our industry, we may risk losing certain preferential tax and other treatments which may adversely affect the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.

According to the Guidelines on Foreign Investment issued by the State Council in 2002 and the Catalog on Foreign Invested Industries (2007 Revision) issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce, IT services fall into the category of industries in which foreign investment is encouraged. The State Council has promulgated several notices since 2000 to launch favorable policies for IT services, such as preferential tax treatments and credit support. Under rules and regulations promulgated by various Chinese government agencies, enterprises that have met specified criteria and are recognized as software enterprises by the relevant government authorities in China are entitled to preferential treatment, including financing support, preferential tax rates, export incentives, discretion and flexibility in determining employees’ welfare benefits and remuneration. Software enterprise qualifications are subject to annual examination. Enterprises that fail to meet the annual examination standards will lose the favorable enterprise income tax treatment. Enterprises exporting software or producing software products that are registered with the relevant government authorities are also entitled to preferential treatment including governmental financial support, preferential import, export policies and preferential tax rates. Companies in China engaging in systems integration are required to obtain qualification certificates from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Companies planning to set up computer information systems may only retain systems integration companies with appropriate qualification certificates. Currently the Company does not engage in information system integration business, therefore the Company is not required to have such qualification certificates. The qualification certificate is subject to review every two years and is renewable every four years. In 2003, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology promulgated the Amended Appraisal Condition for Qualification Grade of Systems Integration of Computer Information to elaborate the conditions for appraising each of the four qualification grades of systems integration companies. Companies applying for qualification are graded depending on the scale of the work they undertake. The grades range from Grade 1 (highest) to Grade 4 (lowest) in the scale of the work the respective companies can undertake. Companies with Grade 3 qualification can independently undertake projects at the medium-scale and small-scale enterprise level and undertake projects at the large-scale enterprise level in cooperation with other entities. If and to the extent we fail to maintain compliance with such applicable rules and regulations, our operations and financial results may be adversely affected.

Adverse changes in political, economic and other policies of the Chinese government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could materially and adversely affect the growth of our business and our competitive position.

The majority of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the PRC economy has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy since the late 1970s, the PRC government continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host of other government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between the Renminbi and foreign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth in the past 30 years, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Furthermore, the current global economic crisis is adversely affecting economies throughout the world. As the PRC economy has become increasingly linked with the global economy, China is affected in various respects by downturns and recessions of major economies around the world. The various economic and policy measures enacted by the PRC government to forestall economic downturns or bolster China’s economic growth could materially affect our business. Any adverse change in the economic conditions in China, in policies of the PRC government or in laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China and market demand for our outsourcing services. Such developments could adversely affect our businesses, lead to reduction in demand for our services and adversely affect our competitive position.

Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could have a material adverse effect on us.

The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since the late 1970s, the PRC government has been building a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect has been to significantly enhance the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. We conduct our business primarily through our subsidiaries established in China. These subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. However, since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties, which may limit legal protections available to us. In addition, some regulatory requirements issued by certain PRC government authorities may not be consistently applied by other government authorities (including local government authorities), thus making strict compliance with all regulatory requirements impractical, or in some circumstances impossible. For example, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce the legal protection that we enjoy either by law or contract. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities have discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to predict the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into with our business partners, clients and suppliers. In addition, such uncertainties, including any inability to enforce our contracts, together with any development or interpretation of PRC law that is adverse to us, could materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Furthermore, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in China may not be as effective as in the United States or other more developed countries. We cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us and other foreign investors, including you. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources and management attention.

The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, may be required in connection with this offering under a recently adopted PRC regulation; any requirement to obtain prior CSRC approval could delay this offering and failure to obtain such approval, if required, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and reputation and could also create uncertainties for this offering.

In 2006, the CSRC and five other PRC regulatory agencies jointly promulgated the Provisions Regarding Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rule, which regulates foreign investment in PRC domestic enterprises. The M&A Rule requires offshore special purpose vehicles formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of the special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. The interpretation and application of the M&A Rule is currently unclear. If the CSRC or another PRC regulatory agency subsequently determines that prior CSRC approval was required, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on our operations, limit our operating privileges, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into China or the payment or distribution of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects.

U.S. regulators’ ability to conduct investigations or enforce rules in China is limited.

The majority of our operations conducted outside of the U.S. As a result, it may not be possible for the U.S. regulators to conduct investigations or inspections, or to effect service of process within the U.S. or elsewhere outside China on us, our subsidiaries, officers, directors and shareholders, and others, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal or state securities laws. China does not have treaties providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the U.S. and many other countries. As a result, recognition and enforcement in China of these judgments in relation to any matter, including U.S. securities laws and the laws of the Cayman Islands, may be difficult or impossible.

We face uncertainty regarding the PRC tax reporting obligations and consequences for certain indirect transfers of the stock of our operating company.

Pursuant to the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, or Circular 698, where a foreign investor transfers the equity interests of a PRC resident enterprise indirectly by way of the sale of equity interests of an overseas holding company, or an Indirect Transfer, and such overseas holding company is located in a tax jurisdiction that: (i) has an effective tax rate less than 12.5% or (ii) does not tax foreign income of its residents, the foreign investor should report such Indirect Transfer to the competent tax authority of the PRC resident enterprise. The PRC tax authority will examine the true nature of the Indirect Transfer, and if the tax authority considers that the foreign investor has adopted an abusive arrangement in order to avoid PRC tax, they will disregard the existence of the overseas holding company and re-characterize the Indirect Transfer and as a result, gains derived from such Indirect Transfer may be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate of up to 10%. In addition, the PRC resident enterprise is supposed to provide necessary assistance to support the enforcement of Circular 698. At present, the PRC tax authorities will neither confirm nor deny that they would enforce Circular 698, in conjunction with other tax collection and tax withholding rules, to make claims against our PRC subsidiary as being indirectly liable for unpaid taxes, if any, arising from Indirect Transfers by shareholders who did not obtain their shares in the public offering of our shares.

PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to personal liability and limit our ability to acquire PRC companies or to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise materially and adversely affect us.

The PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, issued a public notice in 2005 known as Circular 75 that requires PRC residents, including both legal persons and natural persons, to register with an appropriate local SAFE branch before establishing or controlling any company outside of China, referred to as an offshore special purpose company, for the purpose of acquiring any assets of or equity interest in PRC companies and raising funds from overseas. When a PRC resident contributes the assets or equity interests it holds in a PRC company into the offshore special purpose company, or engages in overseas financing after contributing such assets or equity interests into the offshore special purpose company, such PRC resident must modify its SAFE registration in light of its interest in the offshore special purpose company and any change thereof. In addition, any PRC resident that is the shareholder of an offshore special purpose company is required to amend its SAFE registration with the local SAFE branch with respect to that offshore special purpose company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equity investment or creation of any security interest over any assets located in China. If these shareholders fail to comply, the PRC subsidiaries of the offshore special purpose company may be prohibited from distributing their profits and proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to their offshore parent company and the offshore parent company may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the above SAFE registration requirements could result in liabilities under PRC laws for evasion of foreign exchange restrictions.

We are committed to complying with the Circular 75 requirements and to ensuring that our shareholders who are PRC citizens or residents comply with them. We believe that all of our current PRC citizen or resident shareholders and beneficial owners have completed their required registrations with SAFE. However, we may not at all times be fully aware or informed of the identities of all our beneficial owners who are PRC citizens or residents, and we may not always be able to compel our beneficial owners to comply with the Circular 75 requirements. As a result, we cannot assure you that all of our shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC citizens or residents will at all times comply with, or in the future make or obtain any applicable registrations or approvals required by, Circular 75 or other related regulations. Failure by any such shareholders or beneficial owners to comply with Circular 75 could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions or pay dividends or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.

In addition, the PRC National Development and Reform Commission promulgated a rule in 2004 requiring its approval for overseas investment projects made by PRC entities. However, there exist extensive uncertainties as to the interpretation of this rule with respect to its application to a PRC individual’s overseas investment and, in practice, we are not aware of any precedents that a PRC individual’s overseas investment has been either approved by the National Development and Reform Commission or challenged by the National Development and Reform Commission based on the absence of its approval. Our current beneficial owners who are PRC individuals did not apply for the approval of the National Development and Reform Commission for their investment in us. We cannot predict how and to what extent this will affect our business operations or future strategy.

PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

In utilizing the proceeds from this public offering or any future offerings, as an offshore holding company of our PRC subsidiaries, we may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries and controlled PRC affiliate, or we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries. Any loans to our PRC subsidiaries or controlled PRC affiliate are subject to PRC regulations and approvals. For example, loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries in China, each of which is a foreign-invested enterprise, to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with SAFE or its local counterpart.

We may also decide to finance our PRC subsidiaries through capital contributions. These capital contributions must be approved by the Ministry of Commerce in China or its local counterpart. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries or controlled PRC affiliate or capital contributions by us to our subsidiaries or any of their respective subsidiaries. If we fail to receive such registrations or approvals, our ability to use the proceeds of this offering and to capitalize our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could adversely and materially affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

In 2008, SAFE promulgated Circular 142, a notice regulating the conversion by a foreign-invested enterprise of foreign currency into Renminbi by restricting how the converted Renminbi may be used. Circular 142 requires that Renminbi converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested enterprise may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specifically provided for otherwise in its business scope. In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of Renminbi funds converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested enterprise. The use of such Renminbi may not be changed without approval from SAFE, and may not be used to repay Renminbi loans if the proceeds of such loans have not yet been used for purposes within the foreign-invested enterprise’s approved business scope.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries or controlled PRC affiliate or with respect to future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we receive from this offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could adversely and materially affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to use our revenues effectively and the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to obtain financing.

The PRC government imposes control on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive a majority of our revenues in Renminbi, which currently is not a freely convertible currency. Restrictions on currency conversion imposed by the PRC government may limit our ability to use revenues generated in Renminbi to fund our expenditures denominated in foreign currencies or our business activities outside China. Under China’s existing foreign exchange regulations, Renminbi may be freely converted into foreign currency for payments relating to current account transactions, which include among other things dividend payments and payments for the import of goods and services, by complying with certain procedural requirements. Our PRC subsidiaries are able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to us without prior approval from SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. Our PRC subsidiaries may also retain foreign currency in their respective current account bank accounts for use in payment of international current account transactions. However, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not take measures in the future to restrict access to foreign currencies for current account transactions.

Conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, and of foreign currencies into Renminbi, for payments relating to capital account transactions, which principally includes investments and loans, generally requires the approval of SAFE and other relevant PRC governmental authorities. Restrictions on the convertibility of the Renminbi for capital account transactions could affect the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make investments overseas or to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing, including by means of loans or capital contributions from us. We cannot assure you that the registration process will not delay or prevent our conversion of Renminbi for use outside of China.

We may be classified as a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes; such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.

The Enterprise Income Tax Law provides that enterprises established outside of China whose “de facto management bodies” are located in China are considered PRC tax resident enterprises and will generally be subject to the uniform 25% PRC enterprise income tax rate on their global income. In addition, a tax circular issued by the State Administration of Taxation on April 22, 2009 regarding the standards used to classify certain Chinese-invested enterprises established outside of China as resident enterprises clarified that dividends and other income paid by such resident enterprises will be considered to be PRC source income, subject to PRC withholding tax, currently at a rate of 10%, when recognized by non-PRC enterprise shareholders. This recent circular also subjects such resident enterprises to various reporting requirements with the PRC tax authorities. Under the implementation rules to the Enterprise Income Tax Law, a de facto management body is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and other assets of an enterprise. In addition, the tax circular mentioned above details that certain Chinese-invested enterprises will be classified as resident enterprises if the following are located or resident in China: senior management personnel and departments that are responsible for daily production, operation and management; financial and personnel decision making bodies; key properties, accounting books, company seal, and minutes of board meetings and shareholders’ meetings; and half or more of the senior management or directors having voting rights.

Currently, there are no detailed rules or precedents governing the procedures and specific criteria for determining de facto management bodies which are applicable to our company or our overseas subsidiary. If our company or any of our overseas subsidiaries is considered a PRC tax resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, our company or our overseas subsidiary will be subject to the uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate as to our global income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Second, although under the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementing rules dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as tax-exempted income, we cannot assure you that such dividends will not be subject to a 10% withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing of outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, dividends payable by us to our investors and gain on the sale of our shares may become subject to PRC withholding tax. It is possible that future guidance issued with respect to the new resident enterprise classification could result in a situation in which a withholding tax of 10% for our non-PRC enterprise investors or a potential withholding tax of 20% for individual investors is imposed on dividends we pay to them and with respect to gains derived by such investors from transferring our shares. In addition to the uncertainty in how the new resident enterprise classification could apply, it is also possible that the rules may change in the future, possibly with retroactive effect. If we are required under the Enterprise Income Tax law to withhold PRC income tax on our dividends payable to our foreign shareholders, or if you are required to pay PRC income tax on the transfer of our shares under the circumstances mentioned above, the value of your investment in our shares or ADSs may be materially and adversely affected. It is unclear whether, if we are considered a PRC resident enterprise, holders of our shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas.

The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in August 2006 and amended in 2009, requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. In September 2006, the CSRC published a notice on its official website specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by a special purpose vehicle seeking CSRC approval of its overseas listings. The application of the M&A Rules remains unclear. These M&A Rules and some other regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the MOC be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that the MOC shall be notified in advance of any concentration of undertaking if certain thresholds are triggered. In addition, the security review rules issued by the MOC that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the MOC, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In the future, we may grow our business by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules to complete such transactions could be time consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the MOC or its local counterparts may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.

Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

In February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plans of Overseas Publicly-Listed Companies, replacing earlier rules promulgated in March 2007. Pursuant to these rules, PRC citizens and non-PRC citizens who reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year who participate in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. In addition, an overseas entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. We and our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who are granted options or other awards under the equity incentive plan will be subject to these regulations when our company becomes an overseas listed company upon the completion of this offering. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiary and limit our PRC subsidiary’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under PRC law.

Enhanced scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on potential acquisitions we may pursue in the future.

The PRC tax authorities have enhanced their scrutiny over the direct or indirect transfer of certain taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by a non-resident enterprise by promulgating and implementing SAT Circular 59 and Circular 698, which became effective in January 2008, and a Circular 7 in replacement of some of the existing rules in Circular 698, which became effective in February 2015.

Under Circular 698, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring the equity interests of a PRC “resident enterprise” indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, if the indirect transfer is considered to be an abusive use of company structure without reasonable commercial purposes. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of up to 10%. Circular 698 also provides that, where a non-PRC resident enterprise transfers its equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise to its related parties at a price lower than the fair market value, the relevant tax authority has the power to make a reasonable adjustment to the taxable income of the transaction.

In February 2015, the SAT issued Circular 7 to replace the rules relating to indirect transfers in Circular 698. Circular 7 has introduced a new tax regime that is significantly different from that under Circular 698. Circular 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to not only indirect transfers set forth under Circular 698 but also transactions involving transfer of other taxable assets, through the offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, Circular 7 provides clearer criteria than Circular 698 on how to assess reasonable commercial purposes and has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. Circular 7 also brings challenges to both the foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of the taxable assets. Where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring the taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise being the transferor, or the transferee, or the PRC entity which directly owned the taxable assets may report to the relevant tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise.

We face uncertainties on the reporting and consequences on future private equity financing transactions, share exchange or other transactions involving the transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises. The PRC tax authorities may pursue such non-resident enterprises with respect to a filing or the transferees with respect to withholding obligation, and request our PRC subsidiaries to assist in the filing. As a result, we and non-resident enterprises in such transactions may become at risk of being subject to filing obligations or being taxed, under Circular 59 or Circular 698 and Circular 7, and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Circular 59, Circular 698 and Circular 7 or to establish that we and our non-resident enterprises should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The PRC tax authorities have the discretion under SAT Circular 59, Circular 698 and Circular 7 to make adjustments to the taxable capital gains based on the difference between the fair value of the taxable assets transferred and the cost of investment. Although we currently have no plans to pursue any acquisitions in China or elsewhere in the world, we may pursue acquisitions in the future that may involve complex corporate structures. If we are considered a non-resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and if the PRC tax authorities make adjustments to the taxable income of the transactions under SAT Circular 59 or Circular 698 and Circular 7, our income tax costs associated with such potential acquisitions will be increased, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We may rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs, and any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.

As a holding company, we conduct substantially all of our business through our consolidated subsidiaries incorporated in China. We may rely on dividends paid by these PRC subsidiaries for our cash needs, including the funds necessary to pay any dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, to service any debt we may incur and to pay our operating expenses. The payment of dividends by entities established in China is subject to limitations. Regulations in China currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. Each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves or statutory capital reserve fund until the aggregate amount of such reserves reaches 50% of its respective registered capital. As a result, our PRC subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to us in the form of dividends. In addition, if any of our PRC subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.

Our current employment practices may be restricted under the PRC Labor Contract Law and our labor costs may increase as a result.

The PRC Labor Contract Law and its implementing rules impose requirements concerning contracts entered into between an employer and its employees and establishes time limits for probationary periods and for how long an employee can be placed in a fixed-term labor contract. Because the Labor Contract Law and its implementing rules have not been in effect very long and because there is lack of clarity with respect to their implementation and potential penalties and fines, it is uncertain how it will impact our current employment policies and practices. We cannot assure you that our employment policies and practices do not, or will not, violate the Labor Contract Law or its implementing rules and that we will not be subject to related penalties, fines or legal fees. If we are subject to large penalties or fees related to the Labor Contract Law or its implementing rules, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, according to the Labor Contract Law and its implementing rules, if we intend to enforce the non-compete provision with an employee in a labor contract or non-competition agreement, we have to compensate the employee on a monthly basis during the term of the restriction period after the termination or ending of the labor contract, which may cause extra expenses to us. Furthermore, the Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules require certain terminations to be based upon seniority rather than merit, which significantly affects the cost of reducing workforce for employers. In the event we decide to significantly change or decrease our workforce in the PRC, the Labor Contract Law could adversely affect our ability to enact such changes in a manner that is most advantageous to our circumstances or in a timely and cost effective manner, thus our results of operations could be adversely affected.

There has been no public market for our common shares prior to this offering, and you may not be able to resell our common shares at or above the price you paid, or at all.

Prior to this initial public offering, there has been no public market for our shares. We intend to list our common shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market. If an active trading market for our common shares does not develop after this offering, the market price and liquidity of our common shares will be materially and adversely affected. Negotiations with the underwriters will determine the initial public offering price for our common shares which may bear no relationship to their market price after the initial public offering. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our common shares will develop or that the market price of our common shares will not decline below the initial public offering price.

If we are unable to comply with certain conditions, our common shares may not trade on the NASDAQ Capital Market.

[We have received approval to list our common shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market provided that we pay the balance of our entry fee and show that we will have 300 round-lot shareholders prior to our first day of trading.] If we are unable to meet these final conditions our shares may not trade on the NASDAQ Capital Market. In addition, we have relied on an exemption to the blue sky registration requirements afforded to “covered securities.” Securities listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market are “covered securities.” If we were unable to meet the final conditions for listing, then we would be unable to rely on the covered securities exemption to blue sky registration requirements and we would need to register the offering in each state in which we planned to sell shares. Consequently, we will not complete this offering until we have met the final conditions.

If we are listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and our financial condition deteriorates, we may not meet continued listing standards on the NASDAQ Capital Market.

The NASDAQ Capital Market also requires companies to fulfill specific requirements in order for their shares to continue to be listed. If our shares are listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market but are delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market at some later date, our shareholders could find it difficult to sell our shares. In addition, if our common shares are delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market at some later date, we may apply to have our common shares quoted on the Bulletin Board or in the “pink sheets” maintained by the National Quotation Bureau, Inc. The Bulletin Board and the “pink sheets” are generally considered to be less efficient markets than the NASDAQ Capital Market. In addition, if our common shares are not so listed or are delisted at some later date, our common shares may be subject to the “penny stock” regulations. These rules impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers that sell low-priced securities to persons other than established customers and institutional accredited investors and require the delivery of a disclosure schedule explaining the nature and risks of the penny stock market. As a result, the ability or willingness of broker-dealers to sell or make a market in our common shares might decline. If our common shares are not so listed or are delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market at some later date or become subject to the penny stock regulations, it is likely that the price of our shares would decline and that our shareholders would find it difficult to sell their shares.

If a limited number of participants in this offering purchase a significant percentage of the offering, the effective public float may be smaller than anticipated and the price of our common shares may be volatile.

As a company conducting a relatively modest public offering, we are subject to the risk that a small number of investors will purchase a high percentage of the offering. If this were to happen, investors could find our shares to be more volatile than they might otherwise anticipate. Companies that experience such volatility in their stock price may be more likely to be the subject of securities litigation. In addition, if a large portion of our public float were to be held by a few investors, smaller investors may find it more difficult to sell their shares.

The trading prices of our common shares are likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, like the performance and fluctuation in the market prices or the underperformance or deteriorating financial results of internet or other companies based in China that have listed their securities in the United States in recent years. The securities of some of these companies have experienced significant volatility since their initial public offerings, including, in some cases, substantial decline in their trading prices. The trading performances of other Chinese companies’ securities after their offerings may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the United States, which consequently may impact the trading performance of our common shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or other matters of other Chinese companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of whether we have conducted any inappropriate activities. In addition, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to our operating performance, which may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our shares. In addition to the above factors, the price and trading volume of our common shares may be highly volatile due to multiple factors, including the following:

We are a “foreign private issuer,” and our disclosure obligations differ from those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. As a result, we may not provide you the same information as U.S. domestic reporting companies or we may provide information at different times, which may make it more difficult for you to evaluate our performance and prospects.

We are a foreign private issuer and, as a result, we are not subject to the same requirements as U.S. domestic issuers. Under the Exchange Act, we will be subject to reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. For example, we will not be required to issue quarterly reports or proxy statements. We will not be required to disclose detailed individual executive compensation information. Furthermore, our directors and executive officers will not be required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Exchange Act and will not be subject to the insider short-swing profit disclosure and recovery regime. As a foreign private issuer, we will also be exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups of investors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. However, we will still be subject to the anti-fraud and anti-manipulation rules of the SEC, such as Rule 10b-5 under the Exchange Act. Since many of the disclosure obligations imposed on us as a foreign private issuer differ from those imposed on U.S. domestic reporting companies, you should not expect to receive the same information about us and at the same time as the information provided by U.S. domestic reporting companies.

Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market price of our common shares, as the future sale of a substantial amount of outstanding common shares in the public marketplace could reduce the price of our common shares.

The market price of our shares could decline as a result of sales of substantial amounts of our shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur. In addition, these factors could make it more difficult for us to raise funds through future offerings of our common shares. An aggregate of shares is outstanding before the consummation of this offering and [●] shares will be outstanding immediately after this offering. All of the shares sold in the offering will be freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. The remaining shares will be “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144. These shares may be sold in the future without registration under the Securities Act to the extent permitted by Rule 144 or other exemptions under the Securities Act.

The initial public offering price of our shares is expected to be substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common shares. Assuming the completion of the offering, if you purchase shares in this offering, you will incur immediate dilution of approximately $[●] or approximately [●]% in the pro forma net tangible book value per share from the price per share that you pay for the shares. Accordingly, if you purchase shares in this offering, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution of your investment. See “Dilution.”

We have not finally determined the use of the proceeds from this offering, and we may use the proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.

While we have identified the priorities to which we expect to put the proceeds of this offering, our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds received by us. Specifically, we intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for expansion and upgrades of our production lines and warehouse facilities, establishment promotion of overseas sales websites, and working capital and general corporate purposes. We have reserved the right to re-allocate funds currently allocated to that purpose to our general working capital. If that were to happen, then our management would have discretion over even more of the net proceeds to be received by our company in this offering. You will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. You must rely on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering. The net proceeds may be used for corporate purposes that do not improve our efforts to achieve profitability or increase our stock price. The net proceeds from this offering may be placed in investments that do not produce profit or increase value. See “Use of Proceeds.”

We are a Cayman Islands company and, because judicial precedent regarding the rights of shareholders is more limited under Cayman Islands law than under U.S. law, you may have less protection for your shareholder rights than you would under U.S. law.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our Memorandum and Articles of Association, the Cayman Islands Companies Law (Revised) (the “Companies Law”) and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as that from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a different body of securities laws than the United States. In addition, some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. There is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the Cayman Islands will in certain circumstances recognize and enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits. As a result of all of the above, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. public company.

We are a Cayman Islands company and all of our assets are located outside of the United States. Our current operations are based in China. In addition, our current directors and executive officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. Substantially all of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the United States federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and China, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

We are a foreign private issuer and, as a result, will not be subject to U.S. proxy rules and will be subject to more lenient and less frequent Exchange Act reporting obligations than a U.S. issuer.

Upon consummation of this offering, we will report under the Securities Exchange Act as a foreign private issuer. Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we will be exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. public companies, including:

In addition, foreign private issuers are not required to file their annual report on Form 20-F until 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, while U.S. domestic issuers that are not large accelerated filers or accelerated filers are required to file their annual report on Form 10-K within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year. Foreign private issuers are also exempt from Regulation FD, aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information. There is no formal requirement under the Company’s memorandum and articles of association mandating that we hold an annual meeting of our shareholders. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, we intend to hold such meetings on our annual meeting to, among other things, elect our directors. As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are not foreign private issuers.

We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

The determination of our status as a foreign private issuer is made annually on the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter and, accordingly, the next determination will be made with respect to us on or after June 30, 2018. We would lose our foreign private issuer status if (1) a majority of our outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly held of record by U.S. residents, and (2) a majority of our shareholders or a majority of our directors or management are U.S. citizens or residents, a majority of our assets are located in the United States, or our business is administered principally in the United States. If we were to lose our foreign private issuer status, the regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly higher. We may also be required to modify certain of our policies to comply with corporate governance practices associated with U.S. domestic issuers, which would involve additional costs.

We will incur increased costs as a result of being a publicly-traded company.

As a company with publicly-traded securities, we will incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses not presently incurred. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as well as rules promulgated by the SEC and the national securities exchange on which we list, requires us to adopt corporate governance practices applicable to U.S. public companies. These rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs.

We may be exposed to risks relating to evaluations of controls required by Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, our management will be required to report on, and our independent registered public accounting firm may in the future be required to attest to, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our internal accounting controls may not meet all standards applicable to companies with publicly traded securities. If we fail to implement any required improvements to our disclosure controls and procedures, we may be obligated to report control deficiencies and, if required, our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to certify the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. In either case, we could become subject to regulatory sanction or investigation. Further, these outcomes could damage investor confidence in the accuracy and reliability of our financial statements.

As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements.

As an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. We are an emerging growth company until the earliest of:

For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not "emerging growth companies" including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for up to five fiscal years after the date of this offering. We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and the trading price of our common shares may be more volatile. In addition, our costs of operating as a public company may increase when we cease to be an emerging growth company.

We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders of our common shares.

Based on the anticipated market price of our common shares in this offering and expected price of our common shares following this offering, and the composition of our income, assets and operations, we do not expect to be treated as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the current taxable year or in the foreseeable future. However, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects, and we cannot assure you the U.S. Internal Revenue Service will not take a contrary position. Furthermore, this is a factual determination that must be made annually after the close of each taxable year. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. holder holds our common shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. Holder.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our common shares and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common shares will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common shares or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our common shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our common shares to decline.

Our corporate structure, together with applicable law, may impede shareholders from asserting claims against us and our principals.

All of our operations and records, and all of our senior management are located in the PRC. Shareholders of companies such as ours have limited ability to assert and collect on claims in litigation against such companies and their principals. In addition, China has very restrictive secrecy laws that prohibit the delivery of many of the financial records maintained by a business located in China to third parties absent Chinese government approval. Since discovery is an important part of proving a claim in litigation, and since most if not all of our records are in China, Chinese secrecy laws could frustrate efforts to prove a claim against us or our management. In addition, in order to commence litigation in the United States against an individual such as an officer or director, that individual must be served. Generally, service requires the cooperation of the country in which a defendant resides. China has a history of failing to cooperate in efforts to affect such service upon Chinese citizens in China.

If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and or defend the matter, which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation and could result in a complete loss of your investment in us.

Recently, U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China have been the subject of intense scrutiny by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies. Much of the scrutiny has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial reporting and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, the publicly traded stock of many U.S. listed China-based companies that have been the subject of such scrutiny has sharply decreased in value. Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and or SEC enforcement actions that are conducting internal and or external investigations into the allegations. If we become the subject of any such scrutiny, whether any allegations are true or not, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and or defend our company. Such investigations or allegations will be costly and time-consuming and distract our management from our business plan and could result in our reputation being harmed and our stock price could decline as a result of such allegations, regardless of the truthfulness of the allegations.

We have made statements in this prospectus, including under “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Our Business” and elsewhere that constitute forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements about our plans, objectives, expectations, assumptions or future events. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “we believe,” “we intend,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “could” and similar expressions denoting uncertainty or an action that may, will or is expected to occur in the future. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

The ultimate correctness of these forward-looking statements depends upon a number of known and unknown risks and events. We discuss our known material risks under the heading “Risk Factors” above. Many factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Consequently, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from the sale of common shares of approximately $[●] million, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $[●] per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. If the underwriters’ option to purchase additional common shares is exercised in full, we estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately $[●] million, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.

Each $0.25 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $[●] per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $[●], assuming the number of shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of [●] common shares in the number of common shares would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $[●], assuming that the assumed initial public offering price remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions.

We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows after we complete the remittance process:

The precise amounts and percentage of proceeds we would devote to particular categories of activity will depend on prevailing market and business conditions as well as particular opportunities that may arise from time to time. This expected use of our net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures may vary significantly depending on numerous factors, including any unforeseen cash needs. Similarly, the priority of our prospective uses of proceeds will depend on business and market conditions are they develop. Accordingly, our management will have significant flexibility and broad discretion in applying the net proceeds of the offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus. In utilizing the proceeds of this offering, we are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiaries only through loans or capital contributions. Subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration and approval requirements, we may extend inter-company loans or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary to fund its capital expenditures or working capital. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all. Pending remitting the offering proceeds to the PRC, we intend to invest our net proceeds in short-term, interest bearing, investment-grade obligations.

Although we may use a portion of the proceeds for the acquisition of, or investment in, companies, technologies, products or assets that complement our business, we have no present understandings, commitments or agreements to enter into any acquisitions or make any investments. We cannot assure you that we will make any acquisitions or investments in the future.

The holders of our common shares are entitled to dividends out of funds legally available when and as declared by our board of directors. Our board of directors has never declared a dividend and does not anticipate declaring a dividend in the foreseeable future. Should we decide in the future to pay dividends, as a holding company, our ability to do so and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or other payments from our operating subsidiary and other holdings and investments. In addition, our operating companies may, from time to time, be subject to restrictions on their ability to make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars or other hard currency and other regulatory restrictions. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common shares are entitled to receive, ratably, the net assets available to shareholders after payment of all creditors.

Our business is conducted in China and all of our revenues are denominated in RMB. Capital accounts of our financial statements are translated into U.S. dollars from RMB at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred. RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at the rates used in translation. The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar for the periods indicated. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates as of the balance sheet date.

Items in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and statements cash flows are translated at the average exchange rate of the period.

The following table presents our selected historical financial data for the periods presented and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statement and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The following selected consolidated financial and operating data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated financial statements for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The following table presents our summary consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

* The shares and per share data are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the nominal share issuance.

The following table presents our summary consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2017.

● On a pro forma basis to give effect to the sale of [_] common shares by us in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price of $[_] per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting commissions and estimated offering expenses and assuming that the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option.

You should read this table in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and “Use of Proceeds” and “Description of Share Capital.” You should read this table in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and “Use of Proceeds” and “Description of Share Capital.”

If you invest in our shares, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per common share and the pro forma net tangible book value per common share after the offering. Our pro forma net tangible book value as of [_] was [_], or $[_] per share. Our pro forma net tangible book value per share set forth below represents our total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of our share stock outstanding.

Dilution results from the fact that the per common share offering price is substantially in excess of the book value per common share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding common shares. After giving effect to our issuance and sale of [_] shares in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $[_] per share, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses payable by us, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of [_] would have been [_], or $[_] per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value to existing shareholders of $[_] per share. The public offering price per share will significantly exceed the net tangible book value per share. Accordingly, new investors who purchase shares in this offering will suffer an immediate dilution of their investment of $[_] per share. The following table illustrates this per share dilution to the new investors purchasing shares in this offering:

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $[●] per share would increase (decrease) the pro forma net tangible book value by $[●] million, the pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering by $[●] per share and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to investors in this offering by $[●] per share, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount and offering expenses payable by us.

The following charts illustrate our pro forma proportionate ownership, upon completion of this offering by present shareholders and investors in this offering, compared to the relative amounts paid by each. The charts reflect payment by present shareholders as of the date the consideration was received and by investors in this offering at the assumed offering price without deduction of commissions or expenses. The charts further assume no changes in net tangible book value other than those resulting from the offering.

If the underwriters’ over-allotment option of [_] shares is exercised in full, the number of shares held by existing stockholders will be reduced to [_]% of the total number of shares to be outstanding after this offering; and the number of shares held by the new investors will be increased to [_] shares, or [_]%, of the total number of shares outstanding after this offering.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

CLPS Incorporation (“CLPS” or the “Company”), is a company that was established under the laws of the Cayman Islands on May 11, 2017 as a holding company. The Company, through its subsidiaries, designs, builds, and delivers IT services, solutions and other services. The Company customizes its services to specific industries with customer service teams typically based on-site at the customer locations. The Company’s solutions enable its clients to meet the changing demands of an increasingly global, internet-driven, and competitive marketplace. Mr. Xiao Feng Yang, the Company’s Chairman of the Board and President, together with Mr. Raymond Ming Hui Lin, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Director are the controlling shareholders of the Company (the “Controlling Shareholders”).

A reorganization of the Company’s legal structure was completed on November 2, 2017. The reorganization involved the incorporation of CLPS, a Cayman Islands holding company; Qinheng Co., Limited (“Qinheng”) and Qiner Co., Limited (“Qiner”), two holding companies established in Hong Kong, and Shanghai Qincheng Information Technology Co., Ltd (“CLPS QC” or “WOFE”) established in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”); and the transfer of ChinaLink Professional Service Co., Ltd (“CLPS Shanghai”) from the Controlling Shareholders to CLPS QC.

Prior to the reorganization, CLPS Shanghai’s equity interests were 100% controlled by the same group of Controlling Shareholders of CLPS. CLIVST and FDT-CL are subsidiaries of Qinheng. JQ Technology Co., Limited (“JQ”) and JIALIN Technology Limited (“JL”) are subsidiaries of Qiner since October 17, 2017. CLPS Dalian Co., Ltd (“CLPS Dalian”), CLPS Ruicheng Co., Ltd (“CLPS RC”), CLPS Beijing Hengtong Co., Ltd (“CLPS Beijing”), CLPS TECHNOLOGY (SINGAPORE) PTE.LTD (“CLPS SG”), CLPS TECHNOLOGY (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD (“CLPS AU”), CLPS Technology (Hong Kong) Co., Limited (“CLPS Hong Kong”), Judge (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (“Judge China”), Judge (Shanghai) Human Resource Co., Ltd (“Judge HR”), CLPS Shenzhen Co., Ltd (“CLPS Shenzhen”) and CLPS Guangzhou Co., Ltd (“CLPS Guangzhou”) are all subsidiaries of CLPS Shanghai.

On July 25, 2017, the Company incorporated CLIVST, as a holding company, in BVI. On September 27, 2017 and October 24, 2017, the Company incorporated CLPS Guangzhou in Guangzhou, PRC and FDT-CL in Hong Kong.

On September 27, 2017, the Company and a non-controlling interest shareholder of CLPS Beijing incorporated Tianjin Huanyu Qinshang network technology Co., Ltd. (“Huanyu”). The Company subscribed 30% of equity interest in Huanyu for $0.4 million. The Company planned to complete the capital contribution of $0.4 million by the end of 2017. On October 17, 2017, the Company acquired 55% of JQ equity interest and its 100% owned subsidiary – JL for a consideration of approximately $0.07 million to operate software consulting business in Taiwan.

On November 2, 2017, the Controlling Shareholders transferred their 100% ownership interests in CLPS Shanghai to CLPS QC and Qiner, which are 100% owned by Qinheng and CLPS. On October 31, 2017, the Controlling Shareholders transferred 100% of their equity interests in Qiner to CLPS. After the reorganization, CLPS owns 100% equity interests of the entities mentioned above. On December 7, 2017, the Board of Directors approved an amendment of the Article of Association of CLPS and a nominal share issuance to the existing shareholders. As a result, the existing shareholders own the same percentage of ownership in CLPS as their ownership interests in CLPS Shanghai prior to the reorganization. Since the Company and its subsidiaries are effectively controlled by the same group of the shareholders before and after the reorganization, they are considered under common control. The above-mentioned transactions were accounted for as a recapitalization. The consolidation of the Company and its subsidiaries has been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the consolidated financial statements.

The Company is dedicated to providing a full range of services and solutions across technology needs in finance. In recent years, we have both one of the largest IBM mainframe teams, and the largest VisionPLUS team in China, providing both development and implementation of core banking, credit card, online and e-commerce systems, as well as expertise across technology stacks including J2EE, .Net, C, C++ and mobile. We are ISO9001:2008 and CMMI 5 certified, and have been granted certificates of recognition by the Shanghai government, including Enterprise Software Certification, High-tech Enterprise, Little Giant Company for Science and Technology and Professional Talent Development Training Camp. In addition, the Company was recognized as one of the recipients of 2017 IDC China Top 25 FinTech Pioneers during the award ceremony spearheaded by IDC on August 25, 2017.

Our operations are primarily based in China, where we derive a substantial portion of our revenues. For the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, our revenues were $31.4 million and $29.0 million, respectively. Revenue generated outside of China was approximately $0.5 million and Nil for fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. In fiscal 2017 and 2016, we had a net income of $2.2 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Our total assets as of June 30, 2017 were $13.5 million of which cash and cash equivalent amounted to $4.8 million. Our total liabilities as of June 30, 2017 were $8.2 million.

For the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our revenues were $22.2 million and $14.3 million, respectively. Revenue generated outside of China was approximately $0.7 million and $0.07 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the six months ended December 31 2017 and 2016, we had a net income of approximately $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Our total assets as of December 31, 2017 were $17.9 million of which cash and cash equivalent amounted to $4.7 million. Our total liabilities as of December 31, 2017 were $11.0 million.

We believe the most significant factors that affect our business and results of operations include the following:

We use the following key operating metrics to oversee and manage the Company’s business: (i) developing new business, (ii) focusing on the TCP/TDP training programs to provide highly trained and qualified employees to the clients; and (iii) retaining employees to continue to meet client ever-changing needs.

Our objective is to create value for both our customers and shareholders by enhancing our position as a leading IT services provider in the banking industry in China. We believe our strategic initiatives will continue to generate our sales growth, allow us to focus on managing capital and leveraging costs and drive margins to produce profitability and return on investment for our stockholders.

On November 9, 2016, CLPS Shanghai acquired 60% of Judge (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (“Judge China”) and its 70% owned subsidiary Judge (Shanghai) Human Resource Co., Ltd (“Judge HR”) from Judge Company Asia Limited with the final purchase price of $480,061 (RMB 3.25 million). The Company funded the acquisition with cash and a loan payable of $128,928 (RMB 0.9 million), of which $103,255 was subsequently offset with the company’s receivables from Judge Asia. The Company believes that the acquisition will allow it to better manage opportunities and capitalize on the growth potential of the human resource related industries. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination using the purchase method of accounting. The purchase price allocation of the transaction was determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent appraisal firm based on the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. The Company recognized goodwill of $195,080 from this acquisition. The goodwill is comprised of the assembled work force and the expected but unidentifiable business growth that the Company expects to realize due to the synergies related to the acquisition.

On October 17, 2017, the Company acquired 55% of JQ equity interest, and its 100% owned subsidiary – JL in Taiwan for a cash consideration of approximately $0.07 million. As of the acquisition date, the assets of JQ were cash and other receivables and JQ and its subsidiary has no significant operating activities since inception. The estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date was approximately the carrying value of the assets and liabilities based on the short-term nature of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company believes that this investment could offer new opportunities for operational synergies in the related markets.

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) during such periods.

We derive revenues by providing integrated IT services and solutions, including: (i) IT consulting services, which primarily includes application development services for banks and institutions in the financial industry and which are billed for on a time-and-expense basis, (ii) customized IT Solutions Service, which primarily includes customized solution development and maintenance service for general enterprises and which are billed for on a fixed-price basis, and (iii) other revenue from product and third-party software sales.

Our customer contracts may be categorized by pricing model into time-and-expense contracts and fixed-price contracts. Under time-and-expense contracts, we are compensated for actual time incurred by our IT professionals at negotiated daily billing rates. We are also entitled to charge overtime fees in addition to the daily billing rates under some time-and-expense contracts. Fixed-price contracts require us to develop customized IT solutions throughout the contractual period, and we are paid in installments upon completion of specified milestones under the contracts with enforceable right to payments.

For fiscal 2017 and 2016, all of our time-and-expense contracts are generated by our IT consulting service for clients in the financial industry. In comparison, all of our fixed-price contracts are generated by our customized IT solution business for clients in the financial industry and others.

Our total revenues increased by approximately $2.3 million, or 8.1%, to approximately $31.4 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017 from approximately $29.0 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016. The overall growth in our revenues reflected an increase in revenues from both of our IT consulting service and customized IT solution service.

For the year ended June 30, 2017, revenue derived from our IT consulting services increased by 4.0% to $29.1 million from $28.0 million in fiscal 2016, primarily reflecting the increasing demands for our IT consulting service from banks and other financial institutions. For fiscal 2017 and 2016, 54.0% and 69.5% of our IT consulting service revenue were from international banks. In fiscal 2017, we strengthened our expertise in the financial industry to leverage our existing industry knowledge and grew our customer base of local Chinese financial institutions.

For the year ended June 30, 2017, revenues derived from our customized IT solution service significantly increased by 99.1% to $1.8 million from $0.9 million in fiscal 2016. Historically, IT consulting services have contributed the substantial majority of our net revenues. In recent years, we started to develop customized IT solution service to small and medium enterprises (“SME”) in China. With the growing demand for our financial IT solution innovations and e-banking technology, our financial IT solutions service provides SMEs affordable integrated technologies that are reshaping our customers’ business and operating models. We plan to expand our financial IT solution service in China, which is driven by the increased adoption of big data, platform engineering for cloud solutions and an expanded range of services, such as artificial intelligence.

Our cost of revenues mainly consists of compensation benefit expenses for our IT professionals, travel expenses and material costs. Our cost of revenues increased by $1.2 million or 6.9% to approximately $18.7 million in fiscal 2017 from approximately $17.5 million in fiscal 2016, primarily as a result of increased headcount, expanded office facilities and increase of depreciation and amortization expenses to enable and match the growth of our business. As a percentage of revenues, our cost of revenues is consistently around 60% for both fiscal 2017 and 2016. Our total number of employees grew from 1,055 employees as of June 30, 2016 to 1,242 employees as of June 30, 2017.

Our gross profit increased by $1.1 million, or 9.8%, to approximately $12.7 million in fiscal 2017 from approximately $11.6 million in fiscal 2016. As a percentage of revenues, our gross margin slightly increased from 39.8% in fiscal 2016 to 40.5% in fiscal 2017. The higher gross profit margin in fiscal 2017 was primarily attributable to the increase in our billing rates of both IT consulting services and customized IT solution services. As our IT consulting services scale and mature, we are able to generate higher gross margins. Also, customized IT solution services contribute favorably to our client retention and understanding of our clients’ businesses, and provide opportunities to cross-sell our other services

Selling and marketing expenses primarily consisted of salary and compensation expenses relating to our revenues and marketing personnel, and also included entertainment, travel and transportation, and other expenses relating to our marketing activities.

Selling and marketing expenses increased by $0.8 million or 192.1% from $0.4 million in fiscal 2016 to $1.2 million in fiscal 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to our expansion of the pre-sales and marketing teams in Shanghai and Dalian, China to support our operations. Accordingly, as a percentage of sales, our selling expenses were 3.8% of revenues in fiscal 2017 as compared to 1.4% in fiscal 2016. While we expect our selling and marketing expenses to increase as we continue our business expansion, we expect these expenses to remain relatively steady as a percentage of our net revenues to support our business growth in the near future.

R&D expenses primarily consisted of compensation and benefit expenses relating to our research and development personnel as well as office overhead and other expenses relating to our R&D activities. Our R&D expenses decreased by $1.4 million from $5.6 million in fiscal 2016 to $4.2 million in fiscal 2017, representing 13.5% and 19.2% of our total revenues for fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increased R&D expense in fiscal 2016 is attributable to the launch of several research projects related to cloud computing and mobile internet application in fiscal 2016. Upon completion of these projects in fiscal 2017, the related IT developers were transferred to our production department. As a result, the related compensation for these individuals was included as a cost of revenue in fiscal 2017. We expect to increase our investment in research and development to enhance our industry knowledge, improve our competitiveness and enable us to identify attractive market opportunities for new and enhanced services and solutions.

General and administrative expenses primarily consisted of salary and compensation expenses relating to our finance, legal, human resources and executive office personnel, and included rental expenses, depreciation and amortization expenses, office overhead, professional service fees and travel and transportation costs.

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.6 million or 14.0% from approximately $5.0 million in fiscal 2016 to approximately $5.6 million in fiscal 2017, almost all of which is attributable to increasing headcount and related staff costs in Hong Kong and Australia, which approximated $0.6 million. We incorporated CLPS Technology (Australia) PTY LTD (“CLPS AU”) in November 2015 and CLPS Technology (Hong Kong) Co., Limited (“CLPS Hong Kong”) in January 2016 to provide service for our international client’s local operations. Additionally, we acquired Judge (Shanghai) Technology service Co., Ltd (“Judge China”) in November 2016; Judge China accounted for approximately $0.1 million increase in our general and administrative expense in fiscal 2017. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses were 18.0% and 17.1% of our revenue in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Subsidies and other income primarily included government subsidies which represented amounts granted by local government authorities as a general incentive for us to promote development of the local technology industry. The Company records government subsidies in subsidies and other income upon received and when there is no further performance obligation. Total government subsidies amounted to $0.4 million and $1.3 million for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in government subsidies in fiscal 2017 was because local government was in the process of amending the existing subsidy policy and deferred the approvals for government subsidies that are applicable to us. While we expect the continued support of local government to promote the technology industry, we only record government subsidies as subsidies and other income when received due to uncertainties.

Our income before income taxes was approximately $2.1 million in fiscal 2017, an increase of 2.4% compared with fiscal 2016.

Our provision for income taxes benefit was $0.1 million in fiscal 2017, compared to $0.3 million income tax expense in fiscal 2016. Our current income tax provision decrease by approximately $0.3 million. The decrease of the current income tax provision is mainly due to CLPS Dalian has qualified as Software Enterprise and is enjoying two-year income tax exemption starting from their first profitable year. The increase of $0.1 million in deferred tax benefit was mainly because we recognized deferred tax assets as a result of the net operating losses carry forward for some of our subsidiaries.

Our net income was approximately $2.2 million in fiscal 2017, an increase of $0.4 million from $1.8 million in fiscal 2016. The increase in net income was in line with increased revenues, gross profit and operating expenses for fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016 as mentioned above.

Foreign currency translation adjustments amounted to a loss of $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity as of June 30, 2017 were translated at 6.7793 RMB to 1.00 USD as compared to 6.6459 RMB to 1.00USD as of June 30, 2016. The equity accounts were stated at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to the income statements accounts for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were 6.8087 RMB to 1.00 USD and 6.4405 RMB to 1.00 USD, respectively. The change in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar may affect our financial results reported in the U.S, dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operation.

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) during such periods.

For the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, all of our time-and-expense contracts are generated by our IT consulting service for clients in the financial industry. In comparison, all of our fixed-price contracts are generated by our customized IT solution business for clients in the financial industry and others.

Our total revenues increased by approximately $7.9 million, or 55%, to approximately $22.2 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 from approximately $14.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016. The overall growth in our revenues reflected an increase in revenues from our IT consulting service.

For the six months ended December 31, 2017, revenue derived from our IT consulting services increased by 62.9% to $21.6 million from $13.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016, primarily reflecting the increasing demand for our IT consulting service from banks and other financial institutions. For the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, 46.1% and 56.5%, respectively, of our IT consulting service revenue were from international banks. For the six months ended December 31, 2017, we strengthened our expertise in the financial industry to leverage our existing industry knowledge and grew our customer base of local Chinese financial institutions.

Our cost of revenues mainly consists of compensation and benefit expenses for our IT professionals, travel expenses and material costs. Our cost of revenues increased by $4.9 million or 57.3% to approximately $13.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 from approximately $8.5 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of increased headcount, expanded office facilities and increased depreciation and amortization expenses to support the growth of our business. As a percentage of revenues, our cost of revenues is consistently around 60% for both periods of 2017 and 2016. Our total number of employees grew from 1,179 employees as of December 31, 2016 to 1,586 employees as of December 31, 2017.

Our gross profit increased by $3 million, or 51.7%, to approximately $8.8 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 from approximately $5.8 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016. As a percentage of revenues, our gross margin slightly decreased from 40.8% for the six months ended December 31, 2016 to 39.9% for the six months ended December 31, 2017.

Selling and marketing expenses increased by $0.8 million or 300.9% from $0.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016 to $1.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to our expansion of the pre-sales and marketing teams in Shanghai and Dalian, China to support our operations. Accordingly, as a percentage of sales, our selling expenses were 5.1% of revenues for the six months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 2.0% for the six months ended December 31, 2016. While we expect our selling and marketing expenses to increase as we continue our business expansion, we expect these expenses to remain relatively steady as a percentage of our net revenues to support our business growth in the near future.

R&D expenses primarily consisted of compensation and benefit expenses relating to our research and development personnel as well as office overhead and other expenses relating to our R&D activities. Our R&D expenses increased by $1.6 million from $2.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016 to $3.6 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, representing 16.0% and 14.0% of our total revenues for the period of 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increased R&D expense for the six months ended December 31, 2017 was attributable to the two research projects on office automation system and big data platform for decision-making. We expect to increase our investment in research and development to enhance our industry knowledge, improve our competitiveness and enable us to identify attractive market opportunities for new and enhanced services and solutions.

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.03 million or 1.0% from approximately $3.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016 to approximately $3.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses were 13.8% and 21.2% of our revenue for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Subsidies and other income primarily included government subsidies which represented amounts granted by local government authorities as a general incentive for us to promote development of the local technology industry. The Company records government subsidies in subsidies and other income upon received and when there is no further performance obligation. Total government subsidies amounted to $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in government subsidies in fiscal 2017 was because the local government was in the process of amending the existing subsidy policy and deferred the approvals for government subsidies that are applicable to us. While we expect the continued support of local government to promote the technology industry, we only record government subsidies as subsidies and other income when received due to uncertainties.

Our income before income taxes was approximately $1.5 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, an increase of 49.5% compared with the period 2016.

Our provision for income taxes expense was $0.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, compared to $0.05 million income tax benefit for the six months ended December 31, 2016. Our current income tax provision decreased by approximately $0.05 million. The increase of $0.2 million in deferred tax expense was due to an increase in our deferred tax liabilities as a result an increase in unbilled accounts receivables from our subsidiaries.

Our net income was approximately $1.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $0.3 million with $1.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016. For the six months ended December 31, 2017, income tax provision increased but government subsidies decreased as compared to the period of 2016 as mentioned above.

Foreign currency translation adjustments amounted to a gain of $0.2 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and a loss of $0.2 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016, respectively. The balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity as of December 31, 2017 were translated at 6.5063 RMB to 1.00 USD as compared to 6.9430 RMB to 1.00 USD as of December 31, 2016. The equity accounts were stated at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to the income statements accounts for the periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were 6.6412 RMB to 1.00 USD and 6.7457 RMB to 1.00 USD, respectively. The change in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar may affect our financial results reported in the U.S, dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operation.

As of December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $4.7 million. Our current assets were approximately $16.6 million, and our current liabilities were approximately $11.0 million. Total shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2017 was approximately $6.9 million. We believe that we will have sufficient working capital to operate our business for the next 12 months.

As of June 30, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $4.8 million. Our current assets were approximately $12.3 million, and our current liabilities were approximately $8.2 million. Total shareholders’ equity as of June 30, 2017 was approximately $5.3 million.

Substantially all of our operations are conducted in China and all of our revenue, expenses, cash and cash equivalents are denominated in RMB. RMB is subject to the exchange control regulation in China, and, as a result, we may have difficulty distributing any dividends outside of China due to PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into U.S. dollars. As of June 30, 2017, cash and cash equivalents of approximately $4.2 million, $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.4 million were held by the Company and its subsidiaries in mainland PRC, Singapore, Australia and Hong Kong, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had $ 4,384,139, $ 47,432, $ 44,794, $134,880 and $ 47,792 of cash and cash equivalents on deposit at financial institutions in mainland PRC, Singapore, Australia, Hong Kong and Taiwan, respectively. We would need to accrue and pay withholding taxes if we were to distribute funds from our subsidiaries in China to our offshore subsidiaries. We do not intend to repatriate such funds in the foreseeable future, as we plan to use existing cash balance in PRC for general corporate purposes.

In assessing our liquidity, we monitor and analyze our cash on hand, our ability to generate sufficient revenue sources in the future and our operating and capital expenditure commitments. The Company plans to fund working capital through its operations, bank borrowings and additional capital contribution from shareholders. For years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, our operating cash flow was positive. Our operating cash flow was negative for the six months ended December 31, 2017 but positive for the period of 2016. We have historically funded our working capital needs primarily from operations, advance payments from customers and shareholders. Our working capital requirements are affected by the efficiency of our operations, the numerical volume and dollar value of our sales contracts, the progress or execution on our customer contracts, and the timing of accounts receivable collections.

The following table sets forth summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:

Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $0.6 million in fiscal 2017, including net income of $2.2 million, adjusted for non-cash items of $8,975 and negative adjustments for changes in operating assets and liabilities of $1.6 million. The adjustments for changes in operating assets and liabilities mainly included an increase in accounts receivable of $2.4 million due to increased sales in fiscal 2017. During fiscal 2017, our revenue turnover in days was 65 days, slightly increased from 64 days in fiscal 2016. The adjustments for changes in operating assets and liabilities also included an increase in deferred costs of $0.2 million for project progress and an increase in prepaid income tax of $0.2 million, and offset with an increase in salaries and benefits payable of $0.9 million due to unpaid employee compensation and benefits and an increase in tax payable of $0.2 million due to increased revenue in fiscal 2017.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2016 was approximately $4.5 million, which was primarily attributable to net income of approximately $1.8 million, adjusted for non-cash items for approximately $0.04 million and positive adjustments for changes in working capital of approximately $2.7 million. The adjustments for changes in working capital mainly included (i) decrease in accounts receivable of approximately $1.1 million due to an increase in sales collections in fiscal 2016, (ii) increase in salaries and benefits payable of $1.0 million due to unpaid employee compensation and benefits and (iii) decrease in prepayment of approximately $0.4 million due to utilization in our operation.

Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $0.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, including net income of $1.3 million, adjusted for non-cash items of $0.2 million and negative adjustments for changes in operating assets and liabilities of $1.6 million. The adjustments for changes in operating assets and liabilities mainly included an increase in accounts receivable of $4.1 million due to increased sales for the six months ended December 31, 2017. For the six months ended December 31, 2017, our revenue turnover in days was 72 days, an increase from 65 days for the period of 2016. The adjustments for changes in operating assets and liabilities also included an increase in deferred costs of $0.2 million for project progress, and offset with an increase in salaries and benefits payable of $1.8 million due to unpaid employee compensation and benefits for the six months ended December 31, 2017.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended December 31, 2016 was approximately $0.7 million, which was primarily attributable to net income of approximately $1.0 million, adjusted for non-cash items for approximately $0.01 million and negative adjustments for changes in working capital of approximately $0.3 million. The adjustments for changes in working capital mainly included (i) increase in accounts receivable of approximately $1.5 million due to an increase in revenues and slight reduction in accounts receivable collections for the six months ended December 31, 2016, (ii) increase in salaries and benefits payable of $0.9 million due to unpaid employee compensation and benefits and (iii) increase in accounts payable and other payable of $0.2 million due to the accrued cost of IT solutions services.

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $0.1 million in fiscal 2017, primarily due to our acquisition of Judge China in fiscal 2017, to better manage opportunities and capitalize on the growth potential in the human resource related industry in China.

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $0.4 million in fiscal 2016, primarily due to our purchases of office equipment and furniture.

For the six months ended December 31, 2017, net cash used in investing activities was approximately $0.2 million, primarily due to our purchases of office equipment and furniture.

For the six months ended December 31, 2016, net cash provided by investing activities was approximately $0.2 million primarily due to our acquisition of Judge China in November, 2016 to better manage opportunities and capitalize on the growth potential in the human resource related industry in China.

Net cash used in financing activities was approximately $0.8 million in fiscal 2017. During fiscal 2017, we repaid related parties loans of approximately $0.1 million and paid $0.7 million of dividends to our existing shareholders.

Net cash used in financing activities was approximately $0.4 million in fiscal 2016. In fiscal 2016, proceeds from our shareholder’s contributions amounted to $2.1 million, and collection of restricted cash of $2.5 million. We paid $5.3 million of dividends to our existing shareholders.

Net cash used in financing activities was approximately $0.01 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017. During the period of 2017, we borrowed bank loans of approximately $2.2 million, repaid loans of approximately $1.5 million, and paid $0.6 million of dividends to our existing shareholders.

Net cash provided in financing activities was approximately $0.2 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016. They were primarily proceeds from our shareholder’s contributions.

The Company made capital expenditures of $0.06 million and $0.3 million for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In these periods, our capital expenditures were mainly used for purchases of office equipment. The Company will continue to make capital expenditures to meet the expected growth of its business.

The Company made capital expenditures of $0.2 million and $0.03 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In these periods, our capital expenditures were mainly used for purchases of office equipment. The Company will continue to make capital expenditures to meet the expected growth of its business.

We do not believe the impact of inflation on our company is material. Our operations are in China and China’s inflation rates have been relatively stable over the last two years: 1.4% in 2016 and 2.0% in 2015. Our operations are in China and China’s inflation rates have been relatively stable over the last two years: 1.6% in 2017 and 1.4% in 2016.

The Company’s subsidiaries lease office spaces under various operating leases. Operating lease expense amounted to $565,328 and $431,043 for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of June 30, 2017:

Operating lease expense amounted to $310,505 and $ 244,458 for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Outstanding balance of short-term bank loans was $753,116 as of December 31, 2017. Interest expense was $14,681 and Nil for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2017:

There were no off-balance sheet arrangements for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 and for the six months ended December 31, 2017, 2016 that have or that in the opinion of management are likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted by the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), which requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and any related disclosures. Although there were no material changes made to the accounting estimates and assumptions in the past two years, we continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from our expectations as a result of changes in our estimates.

We believe that the following accounting policies involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in their application and require us to make significant accounting estimates. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates required to be made by management include, but are not limited to, valuation of accounts receivable, prepayments, deposits and other assets, useful lives of property and equipment, intangible assets, goodwill impairment, the impairment of long-lived assets, provision for contingent liabilities, revenue recognition, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and realization of deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Company provides a comprehensive range of IT services and solutions, the contracts for which are billed for primarily are on a time-and-expense basis, or fixed-price basis.

Revenue is considered realizable and earned when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the price is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.

Revenues from time-and-expense basis contracts are recognized as the related services are rendered assuming all other basic revenue recognition criteria are met. Under time-and-expense basis contracts, the Company is reimbursed for actual hours incurred at pre-agreed negotiated hourly billing rates. Clients may terminate the contracts at any time before the work is completed but are obligated to pay the actual service hours incurred through the termination date at the contract billing rate.

Revenues from fixed-price customized solution contracts require the Company to perform services for systems design, planning and integration based on customers’ specific needs. These solutions require significant production and customization. The required customization work period is generally less than one year. Upon delivery of the services, customer acceptance is generally required. In the same contract, the Company is generally required to provide post-contract customer support (“PCS’) for a period of time ranging from three months to one year (“PCS period”) after the customized application is delivered. The type of service for PCS clause is generally not specified in the contract or stand-ready service on when-and-if-available basis.

The Company considers the following service elements in negotiating a fixed-fee solution contract:

For multiple-element arrangements that include application customized services and PCS as well as specific service components, if applicable, the Company allocates contract revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. The Company uses a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to the deliverables: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (“VSOE”), (ii) third-party evidence of the selling price (“TPE”) and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (“BESP”). The Company uses VSOE of selling price in the selling price allocation in all instances where it exists; otherwise, BESP is used. Because the Company’s customized application differs substantially from that of competitors, it is difficult to obtain the reliable standalone competitive pricing necessary to establish TPE. VSOE of selling price for products and services is determined when a substantial majority of the selling prices fall within a reasonable range when sold separately.

Revenue allocated to solution development service components is recognized using contract accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-35. The revenue recognition for these contracts varies depending on the terms of the individual contracts, and may be recognized proportionally over the term of the contract or deferred until the end of the contract term and recognized when our obligations to the customer have been fulfilled with the customer. For contacts with development period within three months, the related revenue is recognized on the completed contract method. Otherwise, revenue is recognized as the service is performed using the percentage of completion method of accounting, under which the total value of revenue is recognized on the basis of the percentage that total labor cost to date bears to the total expected labor costs. The Company considers labor time as the best available indicator of the pattern and timing in which contract obligations are fulfilled. Pursuant to the contract terms, the Company has enforceable rights to payments for the work performed. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. In instances where substantive acceptance provisions are specified in customer contracts, revenues are deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met.

The fixed-priced customized solution arrangement provides customers with rights to unspecified PCS, if and when available. These services grant the customers on line and telephone access to technical support personnel during the term of the service. The revenue allocated to unspecific PCS component is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the PCS period. Revenue allocates to the specific PCS or other services is recognized as the related services are rendered.

To date, the Company has not incurred a material loss on any contracts. However, as a policy, provisions for estimated losses on such engagements will be made during the period in which a loss becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated.

Differences between the timing of billings and the recognition of revenue based on various methods of accounting are recorded as deferred revenue.

Net revenue includes reimbursements of travel and out-of-pocket expense, with equivalent amounts of expense recorded in cost of revenue. The Company reports revenues net of value added tax (“VAT”). The Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC are subject to a 6% to 17% value added tax (“VAT”) and related surcharges on the revenues earned from providing services.

Accounts receivable are recorded at original invoice. The Company determines the adequacy of a reserve for doubtful accounts based on individual account analysis and historical collection trends. The Company establishes a provision for doubtful receivables when there is objective evidence that the Company may not be able to collect amounts due. The allowance is based on management’s best estimates of specific losses on individual customer exposures, as well as the historical trends of collections. Delinquent account balances are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable.

Unbilled accounts receivable included in accounts receivable represent revenue earned on contracts to be billed, in subsequent periods, as per the terms of the related contracts.

Business combinations are recorded using the business acquisition method of accounting. The assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest of the acquiree at the acquisition date, if any, are measured at their fair values as of that date. Goodwill is recognized and measured as the excess of the total consideration transferred plus the fair value of any non-controlling interest of the acquiree, if any, at the acquisition date over the fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired.

The non-controlling interests are presented in the consolidated balance sheets, separately from equity attributable to the shareholders of the Company. Non-controlling interests in the results of the Company are presented on the face of the consolidated statement of operations as an allocation of the total income or loss for the year between non-controlling interest holders and the shareholders of the Company.

Intangible assets, other than goodwill, are initially measured and recorded at their fair values. Intangible assets primarily consist of customer contacts acquired by Judge China. Customer contacts are amortized using the estimated attrition pattern which is estimated over 10 years.

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level by applying a fair value based test in accordance with accounting and disclosure requirements for goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets. This test is performed by management annually or more frequently if the Company believes impairment indicators are present. Goodwill was allocated to the one reporting unit as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2017.

The Company reviews its long-lived assets, other than goodwill including property and equipment and intangible assets with definite lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying values of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amounts of the assets, the Company would recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value over the assessed discounted cash flow amount.

The Company reviews the carrying value of intangible assets not subject to amortization, including goodwill, to determine whether impairment may exist annually or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that an impairment has occurred. The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step in accordance with ASC 350-20. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the two-step quantities impairment test described below is required. The first step compares the fair values of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of each reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step will not be required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business acquisition with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. An impairment loss is recognized for any excess in the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill. Estimating fair value is performed by utilizing various valuation techniques, with the primary technique being a discounted cash flow. There was no impairment of goodwill during the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 and for the six months ended December 31, 2017.

Research and development incurred in the development of new software modules and products, either as part of the internally used software or in conjunction with anticipated customer projects. Technological feasibility for the Company’s software products is reached before the products are released for sale. To date, expenditures incurred after technological feasibility was established and prior to completion of software development have not been material, and accordingly, the Company has expensed all when incurred.

Government subsidies mainly represent amounts granted by local government authorities as an incentive for companies to promote development of the local technology industry. The Company receives government subsidies related to government sponsored projects, and records such government subsidies as a liability when it is received. The Company records government subsidies as other income when there is no further performance obligation. Total government subsidies amounted to $385,448 and $1,282,882 for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Total government subsidies amounted to $332,070 and $388,099 for the six-month periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company accounts for current income taxes in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. Deferred income taxes are recognized when temporary differences exist between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period including the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the period incurred. No significant penalties or interest relating to income taxes have been incurred during the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 and for the six months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016. All of the tax returns of the Company remain subject to examination by the tax authorities for five years from the date of filing through year 2022.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles when it becomes effective and permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, “Deferral of the Effective Date” (“ASU 2015-14”), which defers the effective date for ASU 2014-09 by one year. For public entities, the guidance in ASU 2014-09 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (including interim reporting periods within those periods), which means it will be effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning July 1, 2018. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue versus Net)” (“ASU 2016-08”), which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal

Cayman Islands		0001724542		Not applicable
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Large accelerated filer	☐		Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☒
			Emerging growth company	☒

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of each class of securities to be registered	Proposed maximum aggregate offering price (1)		Amount of registration fee
Shares, par value $0.0001 per share sold by the Registrant (2)	$	14,375,000	$	1,789.69
Underwriter’s share purchase warrants (3)(5)		—		—
Shares underlying underwriter’s warrants (3)(4)	$	1,150,000	$	143.17
Total	$	15,525,000	$	1,932.86

	As Reported			Pro Forma Adjusted for IPO
Common shares
Shares		11,290,000
Par Value Amount	$	1,129		$
Additional Paid-In Capital	$	7,120,943		$
Statutory Reserves	$	905,553		$
Retained Earnings	$	(1,414,838	)	$
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	$	(236,819	)	$
Total	$	6,375,968		$

	Offering⁽¹⁾
Assumed offering price per common share	$	[●]
Net tangible book value per common share as of	$	[●]
Increase per common share attributable to this offering	$	[●]
Pro forma net tangible book value per common share after the offering	$	[●]
Dilution per common share to new investors	$	[●]

	Per share		Total
Initial public offering price	$	[●]	$	[●]
Underwriting discounts and commissions (1)(2)	$	[●]	$	[●]
Proceeds to us, before expenses	$	[●]	$	[●]

(1)	Represents underwriting discount and commissions equal to (i) 6.5% per share (or $[●] per share), which is the underwriting discount we have agreed to pay on all investors in this Offering introduced by the underwriters; and (ii) 4% per share (or $[●] per share), which is the underwriting discount we have agreed to pay on all investors in this Offering introduced by us.
(2)	Does not include a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 0.5% of the gross proceeds of this offering, payable the underwriters, or the reimbursement of certain expenses of the underwriters. See “Underwriting” beginning on page [●] of this prospectus for additional information regarding total underwriter compensation.

Prospectus Summary	1
Risk Factors	12
Forward-Looking Statements	37
Use of Proceeds	37
Dividend Policy	38
Exchange Rate Information	38
Capitalization	40
Dilution	40
Selected Historical Financial and Operating Data	39
Post-Offering Ownership	41
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	42
Our Business	60
Directors and Executive Officers	82
Related Party Transactions	90
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
Description of Share Capital	92
Shares Eligible for Future Sale	96
Tax Matters Applicable to U.S. Holders of Our Shares	97
Enforceability of Civil Liabilities	104
Determination of Offering Price	108
Underwriting	105
Legal Matters	109
Experts	109
Where You Can Find More Information	109
Financial Statements	F-1

Balance sheet items, except for equity accounts		June 30, 2017				June 30, 2016				December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016
USD:RMB			6.7793				6.6459				6.5063				6.9430

	Year ended June 30, 2017						Year ended June 30, 2016						Amount			Percentage
	Amount			As % of Sales			Amount			As % of Sales			Increase (Decrease)			Increase (Decrease)

Revenues	$	31,361,976			100.0	%	$	29,024,178			100.0	%	$	2,337,798			8.1	%
Cost of revenues		18,669,812			59.5	%		17,463,416			60.2	%		1,206,396			6.9	%
Gross profit		12,692,164			40.5	%		11,560,762			39.8	%		1,131,402			9.8	%
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing		1,206,493			3.8	%		413,016			1.4	%		793,477			192.1	%
Research and development expense		4,232,788			13.5	%		5,579,058			19.2	%		(1,346,270	)		(24.1	%)
General and administrative expenses		5,647,790			18.0	%		4,955,037			17.1	%		692,753			14.0	%
Total operating expenses		11,087,071			35.4	%		10,947,111			37.7	%		139,960			1.3	%
Income from operations		1,605,093			5.1	%		613,651			2.1	%		991,442			161.6	%

Subsidies and other income		508,187			1.6	%		1,446,408			5.0	%		(938,221	)		(64.9	%)
Other expenses		(10,469	)		-			(5,935	)		-			(4,534	)		76.4	%
Income before income taxes		2,102,811			6.7	%		2,054,124			7.1	%		48,687			2.4	%
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		(118,546	)		(0.4	%)		269,153			0.9	%		(387,699	)		(144.0	)%
Net income	$	2,221,357			7.1	%	$	1,784,971			6.1	%	$	436,386			24.4	%

	For the Year ended June 30,
	2017					2016
	Revenue		% of total Revenue			Revenue		% of total Revenue			Variance		Variance %

IT consulting service	$	29,146,470		92.9	%	$	28,015,173		96.5	%	$	1,131,297		4.0	%
Customized IT solution service		1,846,423		5.9	%		927,185		3.2	%		919,238		99.1	%
Other		369,083		1.2	%		81,820		0.3	%		287,263		351.1	%
Total	$	31,361,976		100.0	%	$	29,024,178		100.0	%	$	2,337,798		8.1	%

	Six months ended December 31, 2017 (Unaudited)						Six months ended December 31, 2016 (Unaudited)						Amount			Percentage
	Amount			As % of Sales			Amount			As % of Sales			Increase (Decrease)			Increase (Decrease)

Revenues	$	22,199,995			100.0	%	$	14,323,938			100.0	%	$	7,876,057			55.0	%
Cost of revenues		13,341,978			60.1	%		8,483,897			59.2	%		4,858,081			57.3	%
Gross profit		8,858,017			39.9	%		5,840,041			40.8	%		3,017,976			51.7	%
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing		1,132,931			5.1	%		282,618			2.0	%		850,313			300.9	%
Research and development expense		3,562,988			16.0	%		2,006,766			14.0	%		1,556,222			77.5	%
General and administrative expenses		3,064,232			13.8	%		3,032,589			21.2	%		31,643			1.0	%
Total operating expenses		7,760,151			35.0	%		5,321,973			37.2	%		2,438,178			45.8	%
Income from operations		1,097,866			4.9	%		518,068			3.6	%		579,798			111.9	%

Subsidies and other income		366,798			1.7	%		455,009			3.2	%		(88,211	)		(19.4	%)
Other expenses		(13,213	)		(0.1	%)		(2,146	)		-			11,067			515.7	%
Income before income taxes		1,451,451			6.5	%		970,931			6.8	%		480,520			49.5	%
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		126,060			0.6	%		(54,042	)		(0.4	%)		180,102			333.3	%
Net income	$	1,325,391			6.0	%	$	1,024,973			7.2	%	$	300,418			29.3	%)

	Payment Due by Period
	Total		Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More than 5 Years

Operating lease arrangements	$	931,047	$	520,637	$	410,410	$	-	$	-
Total	$	931,047	$	520,637	$	410,410	$	-	$	-

	Payment Due by Period (Unaudited)
	Total		Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More than 5 Years

Short-term bank loans	$	2,681,240	$	2,681,240
Operating lease arrangements	$	785,431	$	543,174	$	242,257	$	-	$	-
Total	$	3,466,671	$	3,224,414	$	242,257	$	-	$	-