Goodwill and other intangible assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Goodwill, beginning of period	$	856,925	$	845,734	$	541,480
Goodwill acquired	17,550		38,133		311,203
Measurement period adjustments	339		—		(477)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	12,307		(26,942)		(6,472)
Goodwill, end of period	$	887,121	$	856,925	$	845,734

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets other than goodwill were as follows:


	December 31, 2023
	Useful Life	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Foreign Currency Translation		Net Carrying Value		Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life
	(in thousands)
Trademarks	3 - 8 years	$	34,700	$	26,630	$	(35)	$	8,035	1.8 years
Customer relationships	5 ‑ 12 years	257,308		119,396		(1,781)		136,131		6.2 years
Developed technology	5 - 6.5 years	84,647		36,235		(5,148)		43,264		3.9 years
Non‑competes	2.5 - 3 years	3,099		2,267		(172)		660		1.8 years
Order backlog	2.5 years	3,800		3,800		(199)		(199)		0.0 years
Total intangible assets		$	383,554	$	188,328	$	(7,335)	$	187,891


	December 31, 2022
	Useful Life	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Foreign Currency Translation		Net Carrying Value		Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life
	(in thousands)
Trademarks	3 - 8 years	$	34,700	$	22,209	$	(42)	$	12,449	2.8 years
Customer relationships	2 ‑ 12 years	252,308		97,113		(2,509)		152,686		7.2 years
Developed technology	5 - 6.5 years	124,647		67,063		(7,076)		50,508		4.7 years
Non‑competes	2 - 3 years	3,099		1,118		(183)		1,798		2.3 years
Order backlog	2.5 years	3,800		2,280		(217)		1,303		1.0 year
Total intangible assets		$	418,554	$	189,783	$	(10,027)	$	218,744

Amortization expense was $42.9 million, $48.2 million, and $41.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Future estimated amortization expense as of December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

There were no impairments to goodwill or intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.