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Goodwill and other intangible assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and other intangible assets Goodwill and other intangible assets
The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
(in thousands)
Goodwill, beginning of period$541,480 $539,818 $501,145 
Goodwill acquired311,203 1,662 38,673 
Measurement period adjustments (1)
(477)— — 
Foreign currency translation adjustment(6,472)— — 
Goodwill, end of period$845,734 $541,480 $539,818 
(1) Represents the measurement period adjustments related to the Wandera acquisition. See Note 5 for more information.
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets other than goodwill were as follows:
December 31, 2021
Useful LifeGross ValueAccumulated
Amortization		Net Carrying
Value		Weighted‑
Average
Remaining
Useful Life
(in thousands)
Trademarks
3 - 8 years
$34,690 $17,788 $16,902 3.8 years
Customer relationships
2 ‑ 12 years
249,495 75,600 173,895 8.3 years
Developed technology
5 - 6.5 years
116,193 47,142 69,051 5.1 years
Non‑competes
2 - 2.5 years
1,797 439 1,358 2.0 years
Order backlog
2.5 years
3,745 758 2,987 2.0 years
Total intangible assets subject to amortization405,920 141,727 264,193 
IPR&D
Indefinite400 — 400 
Total intangible assets$406,320 $141,727 $264,593 
December 31, 2020
Useful LifeGross ValueAccumulated
Amortization		Net Carrying
Value		Weighted‑
Average
Remaining
Useful Life
(in thousands)
Trademarks
8 years
$34,320 $13,454 $20,866 4.8 years
Customer relationships
2 ‑ 12 years
214,428 55,810 158,618 8.7 years
Developed technology
5 years
54,563 31,173 23,390 2.3 years
Non‑competes
2 years
90 86 4 0.1 years
Total intangible assets$303,401 $100,523 $202,878 
The gross value and net carrying value in the table above include a cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment of $(2.1) million as of December 31, 2021. The cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment for accumulated amortization was not material as of December 31, 2021.
Amortization expense was $41.3 million, $33.3 million, and $32.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Future estimated amortization expense as of December 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):
Years ending December 31:
2022$47,303 
202339,517 
202435,984 
202534,859 
202630,538 
Thereafter75,992 
Total amortization expense$264,193 
The amounts in the table above are estimates. The actual amount of amortization expense may differ from the estimated amount due to additional intangible assets acquired, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, impairment of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets, and other events.
There were no impairments to goodwill or intangible assets recorded for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.