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FINANCING ACTIVITIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
FINANCING ACTIVITIES FINANCING ACTIVITIES
The disclosures in this note apply to all Registrants, unless indicated otherwise.

Common Stock (Applies to AEP)

The following table is a reconciliation of common stock share activity:
Shares of AEP Common StockIssuedHeld in Treasury
Balance, December 31, 2022525,099,321 11,233,240 
Issued2,269,836 — 
Treasury Stock Reissued— (10,048,668)(a)
Balance, December 31, 2023527,369,157 1,184,572 
Issued6,725,373 — 
Treasury Stock Reacquired— 2,243 
Balance, December 31, 2024534,094,530 1,186,815 
Issued7,953,758 — 
Balance, December 31, 2025542,048,288 1,186,815 

(a)Reissued Treasury Stock used to fulfill share commitments related to AEP’s Equity Units.

ATM Program

In November 2025, AEP filed a prospectus supplement and executed an Equity Distribution Agreement, pursuant to which AEP may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $3.5 billion of its common stock through an ATM offering program, including an equity forward sales component. The compensation paid to the selling agents by AEP may be up to 2% of the gross offering proceeds of the shares. For the year ended 2025, AEP issued 176,402 shares of common stock and received net cash proceeds of $21 million under the ATM program. As of December 31, 2025, approximately $3.5 billion of equity is available for issuance under the ATM program.

Forward Sale of Equity

In March 2025, AEP entered into separate forward sale agreements with non-affiliate forward purchasers relating to 22,549,020 shares of AEP’s common stock at an initial price of $102.00 per share, exclusive of an underwriting discount equal to $2.244 per share. Except in certain specified circumstances that would require physical share settlement, AEP may elect to settle the forward sale transaction by means of physical, cash or net share settlement. The timing of the settlement of the forward sale agreements is also at AEP’s discretion, and management currently expects settlement to occur on or prior to December 31, 2026. To the extent the forward sale agreements are physically settled, AEP will issue common stock to the forward purchasers and receive cash proceeds based on the applicable forward sale price on the settlement date as defined in the forward sale agreements. For the year ended 2025, AEP issued 5,022,229 shares of common stock and received net cash proceeds of $500 million. As of December 31, 2025, AEP expects approximately $1.7 billion of net cash proceeds from the remaining physical settlement of the forward sale agreements and management anticipates using any future proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include capital contributions to utility subsidiaries, acquisitions or repayment of debt. The forward sale transactions will be classified as equity transactions because they are indexed to AEP’s common stock and physical settlement is within AEP’s control.
Long-term Debt

The following table details long-term debt outstanding:
Weighted-AverageInterest Rate Ranges as ofOutstanding as of
Interest Rate as ofDecember 31,December 31,
CompanyMaturityDecember 31, 20252025202420252024
AEP(in millions)
Senior Unsecured Notes 2026-20554.45%1.63%-8.13%1.00%-8.13%$37,190 $36,411 
Pollution Control Bonds (a)2026-2038 (b)3.62%2.40%-4.70%0.63%-4.70%1,637 1,771 
Notes Payable – Nonaffiliated (c)2026-20345.97%2.43%-6.89%0.93%-6.89%683 610 
Securitization Bonds2028-2045 (d)4.71%2.29%-5.30%2.06%-4.88%984 578 
Spent Nuclear Fuel Obligation (e)330 316 
Junior Subordinated Notes2027-20545.83%3.88%-7.05%3.88%-7.05%4,681 2,579 
Other Long-term Debt2026-20594.88%3.00%-13.72%3.00%-13.72%1,817 378 
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding$47,322 $42,643 
AEP Texas
Senior Unsecured Notes2026-20554.62%2.10%-6.76%2.10%-6.76%$6,472 $5,874 
Pollution Control Bonds (a)2029-2030 (b)3.88%2.60%-4.55%2.60%-4.55%441 440 
Securitization Bonds2029 (d)2.29%2.29%2.06%-2.29%102 127 
Other Long-term Debt20594.50%4.50%4.50%
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding
$7,016 $6,442 
AEPTCo
Senior Unsecured Notes2026-20534.21%2.75%-5.52%2.75%-5.52%$6,100 $5,768 
Other Long-term Debt20284.83%4.83%—%499 — 
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding
$6,599 $5,768 
APCo
Senior Unsecured Notes2027-20504.84%2.70%-7.00%2.70%-7.00%$4,688 $4,984 
Pollution Control Bonds (a)2028-2038 (b)3.92%3.30%-3.70%0.63%-4.22%379 430 
Securitization Bonds2028 (d)3.77%3.77%3.77%92 120 
Other Long-term Debt2026-20284.89%4.83%-13.72%5.75%-13.72%1,100 127 
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding
$6,259 $5,661 
I&M
Senior Unsecured Notes2028-20534.52%3.25%-6.05%3.25%-6.05%$2,847 $2,845 
Pollution Control Bonds (a)2029 (b)3.70%3.70%0.75%-3.05%149 190 
Notes Payable – Nonaffiliated (c)2026-20305.24%3.44%-6.41%0.93%-6.41%235 143 
Spent Nuclear Fuel Obligation (e)330 316 
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding
$3,561 $3,494 
OPCo
Senior Unsecured Notes2030-20514.16%1.63%-6.60%1.63%-6.60%$3,718 $3,716 
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding
$3,718 $3,716 
PSO
Senior Unsecured Notes2026-20514.59%2.20%-6.63%2.20%-6.63%$3,525 $2,854 
Other Long-term Debt20273.00%3.00%3.00%
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding
$3,526 $2,856 
SWEPCo
Senior Unsecured Notes2026-20513.73%1.65%-6.20%1.65%-6.20%$3,653 $3,650 
Notes Payable – Affiliated20284.24%4.24%—%1,000 — 
Securitization Bonds2039 (d)4.88%4.88%4.88%321 331 
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding
$4,974 $3,981 

(a)For certain series of Pollution Control Bonds, interest rates are subject to periodic adjustment.  Certain series may be purchased on demand at periodic interest adjustment dates.  Letters of credit from banks and insurance policies support certain series. Consequently, these bonds have been classified for maturity purposes as Long-term Debt Due Within One Year - Nonaffiliated on the balance sheets.
(b)Certain Pollution Control Bonds are subject to redemption earlier than the maturity date.
(c)Notes payable represent outstanding promissory notes issued under term loan agreements and credit agreements with a number of banks and other financial institutions. At expiration, all notes then issued and outstanding are due and payable. Interest rates are both fixed and variable. Variable rates generally relate to specified short-term interest rates.
(d)Dates represent the scheduled final payment dates for the securitization bonds. The legal maturity date is one to two years later. These bonds have been classified for maturity and repayment purposes based on the scheduled final payment date.
(e)Spent Nuclear Fuel Obligation consists of a liability along with accrued interest for disposal of SNF. See “Spent Nuclear Fuel Disposal” section of Note 6 for additional information.
As of December 31, 2025, outstanding long-term debt was payable as follows:
AEPAEP TexasAEPTCoAPCoI&MOPCoPSOSWEPCo
(in millions)
2026$3,194 $75 $425 $1,131 $117 $— $51 $917 
20272,453 26 — 356 68 — — 17 
20283,468 526 559 413 388 — — 1,593 
20292,887 627 55 — 162 — 100 19 
20301,809 942 60 — 350 — 20 
After 203033,896 4,871 5,566 4,400 2,855 3,400 3,400 2,434 
Principal Amount47,707 7,067 6,665 6,300 3,591 3,750 3,551 5,000 
Unamortized Discount, Net and Debt Issuance Costs
(385)(51)(66)(41)(30)(32)(25)(26)
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding
$47,322 $7,016 $6,599 $6,259 $3,561 $3,718 $3,526 $4,974 

Financing Activities Subsequent Events

In January 2026, AEPTCo issued $114 million of variable rate Other Long-term Debt due in 2028.

In January 2026, I&M retired $11 million of Notes Payable related to DCC Fuel.

In January 2026, Transource Energy issued $14 million of variable rate Other Long-term Debt due in 2028.

In February 2026, AEP made capital contributions of $81 million, $38 million and $128 million to APCo, OPCo and SWEPCo, respectively.

In February 2026, AEP Texas retired $12 million of Securitization Bonds.

In February 2026, APCo retired $14 million of Securitization Bonds.

Debt Covenants (Applies to AEP and AEPTCo)

Covenants in AEPTCo’s note purchase agreements and indenture limit the amount of contractually-defined priority debt (which includes a further sub-limit of $50 million of secured debt) to 10% of consolidated tangible net assets. AEPTCo’s contractually-defined priority debt was 0.9% of consolidated tangible net assets as of December 31, 2025. The method for calculating the consolidated tangible net assets is contractually-defined in the note purchase agreements.

Dividend Restrictions

Subsidiary Restrictions

Parent depends on its subsidiaries to pay dividends to shareholders. AEP’s subsidiaries pay dividends to Parent provided funds are legally available. Various financing arrangements and regulatory requirements may impose certain restrictions on the ability of the subsidiaries to transfer funds to Parent in the form of dividends.

All of the dividends declared by AEP’s utility subsidiaries that provide transmission or local distribution services are subject to a Federal Power Act requirement that prohibits the payment of dividends out of capital accounts in certain circumstances; payment of dividends is generally allowed out of retained earnings. The Federal Power Act also creates a reserve on earnings attributable to hydroelectric generation plants. Because of their ownership of such plants, this reserve applies to APCo and I&M.

Certain AEP subsidiaries have credit agreements that contain covenants that limit their debt-to-capitalization ratio to 67.5%. The method for calculating outstanding debt and capitalization is contractually-defined in the credit agreements.

The most restrictive dividend limitation for certain AEP subsidiaries is through the Federal Power Act restriction, while for other AEP subsidiaries the most restrictive dividend limitation is through the credit agreements. As of December 31, 2025, the maximum amount of restricted net assets of AEP’s subsidiaries that may not be distributed to the Parent in the form of a loan, advance or dividend was $20.5 billion.
The Federal Power Act restriction limits the ability of the AEP subsidiaries owning hydroelectric generation to pay dividends out of retained earnings. Additionally, the credit agreement covenant restrictions can limit the ability of the AEP subsidiaries to pay dividends out of retained earnings. As of December 31, 2025, the amount of any such restrictions were as follows:
AEPAEP TexasAEPTCoAPCoI&MOPCoPSOSWEPCo
(in millions)
Restricted Retained Earnings
$2,690 (a)$904 $— $901 $663 $— $17 $— 

(a)    Includes the restrictions of consolidated and non-consolidated subsidiaries.

Parent Restrictions (Applies to AEP)

The holders of AEP’s common stock are entitled to receive the dividends declared by the Board of Directors provided funds are legally available for such dividends.  Parent’s income primarily derives from common stock equity in the earnings of its utility subsidiaries.

Pursuant to the leverage restrictions in credit agreements, AEP must maintain a percentage of debt-to-total capitalization at a level that does not exceed 67.5%.  The method for calculating outstanding debt and capitalization is contractually-defined in the credit agreements.  AEP may not declare or pay any cash dividend or distribution on its common stock during any period when AEP defers interest on its junior subordinated notes. As of December 31, 2025, AEP had $15.1 billion of available retained earnings to pay dividends to common shareholders. AEP paid $2.0 billion, $1.9 billion and $1.8 billion of dividends to common shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Lines of Credit and Short-term Debt (Applies to AEP and SWEPCo)

AEP uses its commercial paper program to meet the short-term borrowing needs of its subsidiaries.  The program funds a Utility Money Pool, which funds AEP’s utility subsidiaries; a Nonutility Money Pool, which funds certain AEP nonutility subsidiaries; and the short-term debt requirements of subsidiaries that are not participating in either money pool for regulatory or operational reasons, as direct borrowers.  As of December 31, 2025, AEP had $6 billion in revolving credit facilities to support its commercial paper program.  

Securitized Debt for Receivables, for the year ended 2025, had a weighted-average interest rate of 4.46% and a maximum amount outstanding of $900 million. The commercial paper program, for the year ended 2025, had a weighted-average yield of 4.47% and a maximum amount outstanding of $2.9 billion. AEP’s outstanding short-term debt was as follows:
December 31,
20252024
CompanyType of DebtOutstanding
Amount
Interest
Rate (a)
Outstanding
Amount
Interest
Rate (a)
(in millions)(in millions)
AEPSecuritized Debt for Receivables (b)$900 4.00 %$900 4.73 %
AEPCommercial Paper605 3.92 %1,618 4.70 %
SWEPCoNotes Payable6.30 %6.69 %
Total Short-term Debt$1,508 $2,524 

(a)    Weighted-average rate of all borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
(b)    Amount of securitized debt for receivables as accounted for under the “Transfers and Servicing” accounting guidance.
Corporate Borrowing Program (Applies to Registrant Subsidiaries)

AEP subsidiaries use a corporate borrowing program to meet their short-term borrowing needs.  The corporate borrowing program includes a Utility Money Pool, which funds AEP’s utility subsidiaries; a Nonutility Money Pool, which funds certain AEP nonutility subsidiaries; and direct borrowing from AEP.  The AEP Utility Money Pool operates in accordance with the terms and conditions of its agreement filed with the FERC.  The amounts of outstanding loans to (borrowings from) the Utility Money Pool as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are included in Advances to Affiliates and Advances from Affiliates, respectively, on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ balance sheets.  The Utility Money Pool participants’ money pool activity and corresponding authorized borrowing limits are described in the following tables:

Year Ended December 31, 2025:
MaximumAverageNet Loans to
BorrowingsMaximumBorrowingsAverage(Borrowings from)Authorized
from the Loans to the from the Loans to the the Utility MoneyShort-term
UtilityUtilityUtilityUtilityPool as ofBorrowing
CompanyMoney PoolMoney PoolMoney PoolMoney PoolDecember 31, 2025Limit
(in millions)
AEP Texas$468 $486 $159 $94 $(188)$750 
AEPTCo404 312 176 50 (140)1,070 (a)
APCo264 464 126 25 (192)750 
I&M145 290 71 132 192 750 
OPCo271 166 120 82 (79)600 
PSO505 391 183 166 (171)750 
SWEPCo472 1,117 254 110 23 750 

Year Ended December 31, 2024:
MaximumAverageNet Loans to
BorrowingsMaximumBorrowingsAverage(Borrowings from)Authorized
from theLoans to thefrom the Loans to the the Utility MoneyShort-term
UtilityUtilityUtilityUtilityPool as ofBorrowing
CompanyMoney PoolMoney PoolMoney PoolMoney PoolDecember 31, 2024Limit
(in millions)
AEP Texas$375 $274 $234 $165 $(285)$600 
AEPTCo313 332 72 138 (73)820 (a)
APCo400 132 103 30 (77)750 
I&M136 59 (127)500 
OPCo310 183 181 94 115 600 
PSO309 315 171 288 232 750 
SWEPCo362 59 250 57 (275)750 

(a)    Amount represents the combined authorized short-term borrowing limit the State Transcos have from FERC or state regulatory commissions.

The activity in the above tables does not include short-term lending activity of certain AEP nonutility subsidiaries. AEP Texas’ wholly-owned subsidiary, AEP Texas North Generation Company, LLC and SWEPCo’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Mutual Energy SWEPCo, LLC participate in the Nonutility Money Pool. The amounts of outstanding loans to the Nonutility Money Pool as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are included in Advances to Affiliates on each subsidiaries’ balance sheets. The Nonutility Money Pool participants’ money pool activity is described in the following tables:

Year Ended December 31, 2025:
Maximum LoansAverage LoansLoans to the Nonutility
to the Nonutilityto the NonutilityMoney Pool as of
CompanyMoney PoolMoney PoolDecember 31, 2025
(in millions)
AEP Texas$$$
SWEPCo— 
Year Ended December 31, 2024:
Maximum LoansAverage LoansLoans to the Nonutility
to the Nonutilityto the NonutilityMoney Pool as of
CompanyMoney PoolMoney PoolDecember 31, 2024
(in millions)
AEP Texas$$$
SWEPCo

AEP has a direct financing relationship with AEPTCo to meet its short-term borrowing needs. The amounts of outstanding loans to and borrowings from AEP as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are included in Advances to Affiliates and Advances from Affiliates, respectively, on AEPTCo’s balance sheets. AEPTCo’s direct financing activities with AEP and corresponding authorized borrowing limits are described in the following tables:

Year Ended December 31, 2025:
BorrowingsAuthorized
MaximumMaximumAverageAveragefrom AEPLoans toShort-term
BorrowingsLoansBorrowingsLoansas of AEP as ofBorrowing
Companyfrom AEPto AEPfrom AEPto AEPDecember 31, 2025December 31, 2025Limit (a)
(in millions)
AEPTCo Parent$107 $153 $18 $54 $— $70 $— 
SWTCo— — — 50 
Midwest Transmission Holdings— 36 — — — — 

Year Ended December 31, 2024:
BorrowingsAuthorized
MaximumMaximumAverageAveragefrom AEPLoans toShort-term
BorrowingsLoansBorrowingsLoansas ofAEP as ofBorrowing
Companyfrom AEPto AEPfrom AEPto AEPDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2024 Limit (a)
(in millions)
AEPTCo Parent$49 $149 $15 $57 $— $20 $— 
SWTCo— — — 50 

(a)    Amount represents the authorized short-term borrowing limit from FERC or state regulatory agencies not otherwise included in the utility money pool above.

The maximum and minimum interest rates for funds either borrowed from or loaned to the Utility Money Pool are summarized in the following table:
Years Ended December 31,
202520242023
Maximum Interest Rate4.83 %5.79 %5.81 %
Minimum Interest Rate3.40 %4.74 %4.66 %

The average interest rates for funds borrowed from and loaned to the Utility Money Pool are summarized in the following table:
Average Interest Rate for Funds Borrowed
from the Utility Money Pool for the
Years Ended December 31,
Average Interest Rate for Funds Loaned
to the Utility Money Pool for the
Years Ended December 31,
Company202520242023202520242023
AEP Texas4.60 %5.48 %5.46 %4.19 %5.45 %5.71 %
AEPTCo4.48 %5.51 %5.41 %4.44 %5.50 %5.56 %
APCo4.50 %5.51 %5.54 %4.46 %5.41 %5.54 %
I&M4.69 %5.40 %5.14 %4.12 %5.44 %5.57 %
OPCo4.43 %5.70 %5.43 %4.70 %5.20 %5.60 %
PSO4.51 %5.50 %5.51 %4.68 %4.79 %5.35 %
SWEPCo4.67 %5.41 %5.34 %4.29 %4.78 %5.72 %
Maximum, minimum and average interest rates for funds loaned to the Nonutility Money Pool are summarized in the following table:
 Maximum Interest Rate Minimum Interest Rate Average Interest Rate
Year Ended for Funds Loaned to for Funds Loaned to for Funds Loaned to
December 31,Company the Nonutility Money Pool the Nonutility Money Pool the Nonutility Money Pool
2025AEP Texas 4.76 %3.89 %4.52 %
2025SWEPCo 4.76 %4.62 %4.69 %
2024AEP Texas5.79 %4.74 %5.46 %
2024SWEPCo5.79 %4.74 %5.45 %
2023AEP Texas5.81 %4.66 %5.54 %
2023SWEPCo5.81 %4.66 %5.56 %

AEPTCo’s maximum, minimum and average interest rates for funds either borrowed from or loaned to AEP are summarized in the following table:
  Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Average Average
  Interest Rate Interest Rate Interest Rate Interest Rate Interest Rate Interest Rate
  for Funds for Funds for Funds for Funds for Funds for Funds
Year Ended Borrowed from Borrowed from Loaned to Loaned to Borrowed from Loaned to
December 31, AEP AEPAEP AEP AEP AEP
2025 4.76 %3.89 %4.76 %3.89 %4.55 %4.43 %
2024 5.79 %4.66 %5.79 %4.66 %5.53 %5.56 %
20235.81 %4.53 %5.81 %4.53 %5.56 %5.51 %

Interest expense related to short-term borrowing activities with the Utility Money Pool, Nonutility Money Pool and direct borrowing financing relationship are included in Interest Expense on each of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ statements of income. The Registrant Subsidiaries incurred interest expense for all short-term borrowing activities as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
Company202520242023
(in millions)
AEP Texas$$$11 
AEPTCo
APCo17 
I&M
OPCo10 
PSO
SWEPCo14 
Interest income related to short-term lending activities with the Utility Money Pool, Nonutility Money Pool and direct borrowing financing relationship are included in Interest Income, unless shown as Other Income due to materiality, on each of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ statements of income. The Registrant Subsidiaries earned interest income for all short-term lending activities as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
Company202520242023
(in millions)
AEP Texas$$$— 
AEPTCo11 
APCo
I&M— 
OPCo— 
PSO
SWEPCo— — 

Credit Facilities

See “Letters of Credit” section of Note 6 for additional information.

Securitized Accounts Receivables – AEP Credit (Applies to AEP)

AEP Credit has a receivables securitization agreement with bank conduits. Under the securitization agreement, AEP Credit receives financing from the bank conduits for the interest in the receivables AEP Credit acquires from affiliated utility subsidiaries.  These securitized transactions allow AEP Credit to repay its outstanding debt obligations, continue to purchase the operating companies’ receivables and accelerate AEP Credit’s cash collections.

AEP Credit’s receivables securitization agreement provides a commitment of $900 million from bank conduits to purchase receivables and expires in September 2027. As of December 31, 2025, the affiliated utility subsidiaries were in compliance with all requirements under the agreement.

Accounts receivable information for AEP Credit was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202520242023
(dollars in millions)
Effective Interest Rates on Securitization of Accounts Receivable4.46 %5.39 %5.33 %
Net Uncollectible Accounts Receivable Written Off$34 $29 $31 
December 31,
20252024
(in millions)
Accounts Receivable Retained Interest and Pledged as Collateral Less Uncollectible Accounts$1,230 $1,117 
Short-term Securitized Debt of Receivables
900 900 
Delinquent Securitized Accounts Receivable66 56 
Bad Debt Reserves Related to Securitization42 45 
Unbilled Receivables Related to Securitization368 336 

AEP Credit’s delinquent customer accounts receivable represent accounts greater than 30 days past due.

Securitized Accounts Receivables – AEP Credit (Applies to Registrant Subsidiaries, except AEP Texas and AEPTCo)

Under this sale of receivables arrangement, the Registrant Subsidiaries sell, without recourse, certain of their customer accounts receivable and accrued unbilled revenue balances to AEP Credit and are charged a fee based on AEP Credit’s financing costs, administrative costs and uncollectible accounts experience for each Registrant Subsidiary’s receivables. APCo does not have regulatory authority to sell its West Virginia accounts receivable.  The costs of customer accounts receivable sold are reported in Other Operation expense on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ statements of income. The Registrant Subsidiaries manage and service their customer accounts receivable, which are sold to AEP Credit. AEP Credit securitizes the eligible receivables for the operating companies and retains the remainder.
The amount of accounts receivable and accrued unbilled revenues under the sale of receivables agreement were:
December 31,
Company20252024
(in millions)
APCo$203 $193 
I&M175 161 
OPCo501 471 
PSO140 111 
SWEPCo169 154 

The fees paid to AEP Credit for customer accounts receivable sold were:
Years Ended December 31,
Company202520242023
(in millions)
APCo$14 $16 $17 
I&M15 15 16 
OPCo30 30 30 
PSO13 14 15 
SWEPCo15 18 19 

The proceeds on the sale of receivables to AEP Credit were:
Years Ended December 31,
Company202520242023
(in millions)
APCo$1,992 $1,954 $1,820 
I&M2,415 2,105 2,055 
OPCo3,332 3,198 3,339 
PSO1,926 1,781 1,945 
SWEPCo1,853 1,838 1,866