Revenue

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

20. REVENUE

Revenue Recognition

Kaleyra derives revenue primarily from usage-based fees earned from the sale of communications services offered through Platforms access to customers and business partners across enterprises. Revenue can be billed in advance or in arrears depending on the term of the agreement; for the majority of customers revenue is invoiced on a monthly basis in arrears.

The Company follows the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). Among other things, ASC 606 requires entities to assess the products or services promised in contracts with customers at contract inception to determine the appropriate unit at which to record revenue, which is referred to as a performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services.

Revenue Recognition Policy

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration Kaleyra expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. Kaleyra enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally not capable of being distinct and are therefore accounted for as a series of distinct services under a single performance obligation in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-14 and ASC 606-10-25-15. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for any credits and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Kaleyra determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

• Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

• Determination of the transaction price;

• Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

No significant judgments are required in determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations and should be accounted for separately versus together, or to determine the stand-alone selling price.

The Company’s arrangements do not contain general rights of return. The contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the applications. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in trade receivables and in revenue or deferred revenue depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Nature of Products and Services

Revenue is recognized upon the sending of a SMS or the connection of a voice call to the end-user of the Company’s customer using the Company’s Platforms in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive from the Company's customers in exchange for those rendered services, which is generally based upon agreed fixed prices per unit.

Platforms access services are considered a monthly series comprised of one performance obligation and usage-based fees are recognized as revenue in the period in which the usage occurs. After usage occurs, there are no remaining obligations that would preclude revenue recognition. Revenue from usage-based fees represented 86% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 (93% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2022). Revenue from usage-based fees represented 86% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 (93% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022).

Subscription-based fees are derived from certain term-based contracts, including the sales of short code subscriptions, customer support, which is generally one year. Term-based contract revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contractual term of the arrangement beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer. Revenue from term-based fees represented 14% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 (7% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2022). Revenue from term-based fees represented 14% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 (7% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022).

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of advance cash payments from customers to be applied against future usage and customer billings in advance of revenues being recognized under the Company’s non-cancellable contracts. Deferred revenue is generally expected to be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period and is thus recorded as a current liability. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recorded $2.4 million and $3.5 million, respectively, as deferred revenue in its condensed consolidated balance sheets. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized $1.1 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of revenue in its condensed consolidated statements of operations that was included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022.

Disaggregated Revenue

In general, revenue disaggregated by geography is aligned according to the nature and economic characteristics of the Company’s business and provides meaningful disaggregation of the Company’s results of operations. See Note 12 – Geographic Information – for details of revenue by geographic area.