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Document and Entity Information - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Mar. 05, 2020
Jun. 28, 2019
Cover [Abstract]      
Document Type 10-K    
Amendment Flag false    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2019    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2019    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Trading Symbol SURF    
Entity Registrant Name SURFACE ONCOLOGY, INC.    
Entity Central Index Key 0001718108    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business true    
Entity Emerging Growth Company true    
Entity Ex Transition Period true    
Entity File Number 001-38459    
Entity Tax Identification Number 46-5543980    
Entity Address, Address Line One 50 Hampshire Street    
Entity Address, Address Line Two 8th Floor    
Entity Address, City or Town Cambridge    
Entity Address, State or Province MA    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 02139    
City Area Code 617    
Local Phone Number 714-4096    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   28,061,197  
Entity Public Float     $ 56,408,807
Title of 12(b) Security Common stock, $0.0001    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Transition Report false    
Documents Incorporated by Reference

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders, scheduled to be held on June 10, 2020, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report.