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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

  

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. 

 

The Company's fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2020 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2020).

 

Operating results for the three and six months ended January 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2020. The balance sheet at July 31, 2019 has been derived from the Company's audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2019, or the 2019 Form 10-K, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) or ASU 2014-09. The objective of the ASU is to establish a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers, which supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In applying the ASU, companies will perform a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The five-step analysis consists of the following: (i) identifying the contract with a customer, (ii) identifying the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determining the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (v) recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. ASU 2014-09 applies to all contracts with customers except those that are within the scope of other topics in the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 effective August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company reviewed all contracts that were not completed as of August 1, 2018 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

 

The Company disaggregates its revenue by source within its consolidated statements of operations. As an owner and operator of real estate, the Company derives the majority of its revenue from leasing office and parking space to tenants at its properties. In addition, the Company earns revenue from recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs. Revenue from recoveries from tenants is recorded together with rental income on the consolidated statements of operations which is also consistent with the guidance under ASC 842, Leases.

 

Contractual rental revenue is reported on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Accrued rental income, included within Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets, represents cumulative rental income earned in excess of rent payments received pursuant to the terms of the individual lease agreements. 

 

The Company also earns revenue from parking which is derived primarily from monthly and transient daily parking. The monthly and transient daily parking revenue falls within the scope of ASC 606 and is accounted for at the point in time when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer and the Company's performance obligation is satisfied, consistent with the Company's previous accounting.

 

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants to make required rent payments or parking customers to pay amounts due. 

Research and Development Costs and Expenses

Research and Development Costs and Expenses

 

Research and development costs and expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel expenses, stock-based compensation, fees paid to external service providers, laboratory supplies, costs for facilities and equipment, license costs, and other costs for research and development activities. Research and development expenses are recorded in operating expenses in the period in which they are incurred. Estimates have been used in determining the liability for certain costs where services have been performed but not yet invoiced. The Company monitors levels of performance under each significant contract for external service providers, including the extent of patient enrollment and other activities through communications with the service providers to reflect the actual amount expended.

 

Contingent milestone payments associated with acquiring rights to intellectual property are recognized when probable and estimable. These amounts are expensed to research and development when there is no alternative future use associated with the intellectual property. 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking "expected loss" model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years and will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements and intends to adopt the standard on August 1, 2020.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

 

The FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) in February 2016. The new standard, as amended by subsequent accounting updates thereto, replaces historical lease accounting guidance and requires lessees to account for a lease by recognizing right-of-use (ROU) asset and corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet. Lessor accounting under Topic 842 is largely unchanged from historical U.S. GAAP and generally aligns with accounting for revenue from contracts with customers (Topic 606).

 

The Company initially adopted the new lease accounting standard as of August 1, 2019 and elected the optional transition method to apply the new standard prospectively. The Company elected the package of transition practical expedients, and therefore did not reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (3) initial direct costs for any existing leases. Further, as of January 31, 2020 the Company was not a lessee under any leasing arrangements. which had, and will have, the following impacts on the Company:

 

Topic 842 changed certain requirements regarding the classification of leases that could result in the Company recognizing certain long-term leases entered into or modified after August 1, 2019 as sales-type leases, as opposed to operating leases.

 

The Company did not have a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the adoption date.

 

The Company elected the practical expedient to not separate certain non-lease components from the lease component to which they relate because the timing and pattern of transfer for the lease components and non-lease components are the same and the related lease component is classified as an operating lease. As a result, the Company continues to present all rentals and reimbursements from tenants as a single line item Rental Income within the Consolidated Statement of Income. No reclassifications to prior periods for comparability were required.