Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Predecessor and Successor Reporting

Predecessor and Successor Reporting—On June 3, 2019, the Company consummated the acquisition of all outstanding and issued equity interests of Rack Holdings, pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, and now owns 100% of Rack Holdings Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Ranpak Business Combination is accounted for under the scope of Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”) as One Madison was deemed to be the accounting acquirer while Rack Holdings was deemed the "Predecessor". Accordingly, the business combination is accounted for using the acquisition method which requires the Company to record the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Rack Holdings (See Note 8 "Acquisitions").

The financial statements separate the Company’s presentation into two distinct periods. The period before the Closing of the Ranpak Business Combination (labeled Predecessor Period) depicts the financial statements of Rack Holdings, and the period after the Closing (labeled Successor Period) depicts the financial statements of the Company, including the consolidation of One Madison with Rack Holdings and application of acquisition method of accounting. As a result of the application of the acquisition method of accounting as of the Closing, the financial statements for the Predecessor Periods and for the Successor Period are presented on a different basis of accounting and are, therefore, not comparable.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation and certain immaterial prior year amounts have been reclassified consistent with current year presentation. All amounts are in millions, except machine counts, share and per share amounts and are approximate due to rounding.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates—The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include, among other items, assessing the collectability of receivables, asset retirement obligations, the use and recoverability of inventory, the estimation of fair value of financial instruments, the estimation of fair value of acquired assets and liabilities in a business combination and related purchase price allocation, assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, useful lives and recoverability of tangible assets and goodwill and other intangible assets, costs for incentive compensation and accruals for commitments and contingencies. We review these estimates and assumptions periodically using historical experience and other factors and reflect the effects of any revisions in the Consolidated Financial Statements in the period we determine any revisions to be necessary. Actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences could be material.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition—Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted a new revenue recognition standard. The new standard requires enhanced disclosures, including revenue recognition policies to identify performance obligations to customers and significant judgments in measurement and recognition. Refer to the “New Accounting Standards,” section below for more information.

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using a five-step model consisting of the following: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Performance obligations are satisfied when the Company transfers control of a good or service to a customer, which can occur over time or at a point in time. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, including the expected value of variable consideration. The customer’s ability and intent to pay the transaction price is assessed in determining whether a contract exists with the customer. If collectability of substantially all of the consideration in a contract is not probable, consideration received is not recognized as revenue unless the consideration is nonrefundable and the Company no longer has an obligation to transfer additional goods or services to the customer or collectability becomes probable.

The Company sells its products to end users primarily through an established distributor network and direct sales to select end users. The Company’s protective packaging solutions fall into four broad categories: Void-Fill, Cushioning, Wrapping, and End of

Line Automation. The Void-Fill protective systems convert paper to fill empty spaces in secondary packages and protect objects. The Cushioning protective systems convert paper into cushioning pads. The Wrapping protective systems create pads or paper mesh to securely wrap and protect fragile items as well as to line boxes and provide separation when shipping multiple objects. Ranpak Automation is focused on highly automated, integrated systems for high-volume end-users. These systems are designed to help optimize the use of in-the-box packaging for these end-users, while fully automating their end of line packaging operations to improve speed and efficiency of operations. Our Ranpak Automation line enables end-users to optimize carton size to fit contents, apply glued lids to the box, and automatically place cushioning liners within boxes.

Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from net sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Charges for rebates and other allowances are recognized as a deduction from revenue on an accrual basis in the period in which the associated revenue is recorded. When we estimate our rebate accruals, we consider customer-specific contractual commitments including stated rebate rates and history of actual rebates paid. Our rebate accruals are reviewed at each reporting period and adjusted to reflect data available at that time. We adjust the accruals to reflect any differences between estimated and actual amounts. These adjustments impact the amount of net sales recognized by us in the period of adjustment. Charges for rebates and other allowances were approximately 11.3%, 11.3%, 9.5%, and 8.2% of sales in Successor period, the Predecessor period, and the years ended 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 4, "Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers," of the Notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion of revenue.

Assets recognized for the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract.

The Company recognizes incremental costs to fulfill a contract as an asset if such incremental costs are expected to be recovered, relate directly to a contract or anticipated contract, and generate or enhance resources that will be used to satisfy performance obligations in the future.

The Company recognizes incremental costs to obtain a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. For example, the Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the contract term is less than 1 year. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses.

Shipping and Handling Costs—Costs incurred for the transfer and delivery of goods to customers are billed to customers and recorded as a component of cost of sales.

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs—Advertising cost includes cost associated with trade shows. We expense advertising costs as incurred within Selling, general and administrative expenses.

Research and Development Costs

Research and Development Costs—We expense research and development costs as incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents— Cash and cash equivalents include securities with original maturities of three months or less and cash in bank.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable—The Company provides credit in the normal course of business to its customers and does not require collateral. Trade receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts, reflect the net realizable value of receivables and approximate fair value. The Company maintains an allowance against accounts receivable for the estimated probable losses on uncollectible accounts and sales returns and allowances. The valuation reserve is based upon historical loss experience, current economic conditions within the industries the Company serves as well as determination of the specific risk related to certain customers. Accounts receivable are charged off against the reserve when, in management’s estimation, further collection efforts would not result in a reasonable likelihood of receipt, or, if later, as proscribed by statutory regulations.

Inventories

Inventories—Inventories consist of unprocessed and finished paper and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost for all inventories is determined using the first-in, first-out method applied on a consistent basis. An allowance for excess or inactive inventory is recorded based upon an analysis that considers current inventory levels, historical usage patterns, estimates of future sales expectations and salvage value.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment—Property, plant, and equipment, including amounts under capital lease, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Renewals and betterments that substantially extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized and depreciated. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the useful life of the asset or the applicable lease term.

Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows:

	Estimated Useful Lives
Buildings and improvements	2 to 20 years
Machinery and equipment	2 to 10 years
Converting machines	3 to 5 years
Computer and office equipment	2 to 10 years
Assets under capital lease	3 years

Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net

Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net—Goodwill represents the excess of the total purchase consideration over the fair value of the underlying net assets, largely arising from the assembled workforce, new customers and the replacement of customer and technology attrition.

Goodwill—Goodwill is not subject to amortization but is tested for impairment annually as of October 1, through a qualitative or quantitative assessment and when events and circumstances indicate that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit may no longer exceed its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

Identifiable intangible assets consist primarily of patents, customer/distributor relationships, and trademarks. We amortize finite lived identifiable assets over the shorter of their stated or statutory duration or their estimated useful lives, generally ranging from 10 to 15 years, on a straight-line basis and periodically review them for impairment. Trademarks are accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets and, accordingly, are not subject to amortization.

We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. See Note 9, “Goodwill, Long-Lived and Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Impairment of Long-lived assets

Impairment of Long-lived Assets—The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets and property, plant, and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, except goodwill, an impairment loss is indicated when the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset group are not sufficient to recover the unamortized balance of the asset group. If indicators exist, the loss is measured as the excess of carrying value over the asset groups’ fair value, as determined based on discounted future cash flows, asset appraisals or market values of similar assets.

See Note 9, “Goodwill, Long-Lived and Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net,” of the Notes to consolidated financial statements for further details.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments—The Company uses derivatives as part of the normal business operations to manage its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates associated with variable interest rate debt. The Company has established policies and procedures that govern the risk management of these exposures. The primary objective in managing these exposures is to decrease the volatility of cash flows affected by changes in interest rates.

We use interest rate swap contracts to manage interest rate exposures. Derivatives are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. If a derivative is deemed to be ineffective, the change in fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings. The changes in the fair values of derivatives not designated as hedges are recognized directly in earnings, as a component of interest expense. Prior to September 25, 2019, the Company did not apply hedge accounting to its outstanding interest rate swap, and changes in fair value were recorded directly to interest expense.

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency—The nature of business activities involves the management of various financial and market risks, including those related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The functional currency of the Company’s operating subsidiaries outside the U.S. is the applicable local currency. For those operations, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average monthly exchange rates.

Commitments and Contingencies, Litigation

Commitments and Contingencies, Litigation—On an ongoing basis, we assess the potential liabilities related to any lawsuits or claims brought against us. While it is typically very difficult to determine the timing and ultimate outcome of these actions, we use our best judgment to determine if it is probable that we will incur an expense related to the settlement or final adjudication of these matters and whether a reasonable estimation of the probable loss, if any, can be made. In assessing probable losses, we make estimates of the amount of insurance recoveries, if any. We accrue a liability when we believe a loss is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Due to the inherent uncertainties related to the eventual outcome of litigation and potential insurance recovery, it is possible that disputed matters may be resolved for amounts materially different from any provisions or disclosures that we have previously made. We expense legal costs, including those legal costs expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency, as incurred.

Share-Based Incentive Compensation

Share-Based Incentive Compensation—The Company’s shareholders approved the Ranpak Holdings Corp. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) at its Annual Meeting of Shareholders on February 20, 2019. The purpose of the 2019 Plan is to motivate and reward employees and other individuals to perform at their highest level and contribute significantly to the success of the Company. The 2019 Plan is an omnibus plan that may provide these incentives through grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards, other cash-based awards and other stock-based awards to employees, directors, or consultants of the Company. See Note 16, “Stock Based Compensation,” of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information on this plan.

We record share-based compensation awards exchanged for employee services at fair value on the date of grant and record the expense for these awards in cost of sales and in selling, general and administrative expense, as applicable, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations over the requisite employee service period. Share-based incentive compensation expense includes actual forfeitures incurred. For performance-based awards, the Company reassesses at each reporting date whether achievement of the performance condition is probable and accrues compensation expense if and when achievement of the performance condition is probable.    

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans—The Company’s U.S. employees participate in a defined contribution plan and health and life insurance plans sponsored by the Company. A Company subsidiary, Ranpak B.V., participates in a multiemployer benefit plan, Corporate Pension Fund for Cardboard and Flexible Packaging Business (“the B.V. Plan”), in the Netherlands, which provides retirement benefits to all Ranpak B.V. employees. As a participant in the multi-employer benefit plan, the Company recognizes as expense in each period for the required contributions to the multi-employer benefit plans.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes—The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, Management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If we determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)—Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) amounts attributable to foreign currency translation adjustments and the effect of our interest rate swap hedge, net of tax, as applicable.

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share—Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Non-vested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends are treated as participating securities and therefore included in computing earnings per common share using the “two-class method.” The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that calculates basic and diluted net earnings per common share for each class of common stock separately based on dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Non-vested restricted stock issued under our Omnibus Plan are considered participating securities since these securities have non-forfeitable rights to dividends when we declare a dividend during the contractual vesting period of the share-based payment award and are therefore included in our earnings allocation formula using the two-class method. When calculating diluted net earnings per common share, the more dilutive effect of applying either of the following is presented: (a) the two-class method (described above) assuming that the participating security is not exercised or converted, or, (b) the treasury stock method for the participating security. Our diluted net earnings per common share for all periods presented was calculated using the two-class method since such method was more dilutive.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards—In May 2014, the FASB issued a new standard Topic 606, "Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers", that supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance and modifies the accounting for certain costs associated with revenue generation. Under the new standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The standard provides a number of steps to follow to achieve that principle and requires additional financial statement disclosures related to the nature, timing, amount and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company adopted the new revenue standard on the first day of fiscal 2019, using the modified retrospective method, and applied the standard to contracts that were not complete as of the adoption date. The change in revenue recognition

applied to contracts entered into for its Automation business and did not result in a a material change to revenue recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350); Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 of the goodwill impairment model. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. An entity would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value; however, the loss recognized is limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company adopted the amendment effective October 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting," which modifies the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to nonemployees to largely align it with the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to employees. We adopted ASU 2018-07 on January 1, 2019. The adoption of the standard did not impact our financial position or results of operations.

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815); Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The amendments in this ASU better align the risk management activities and financial reporting for these hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and presentation of hedge results. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards—In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASC 842"). The amendments in this ASU require an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months. Recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. The amendments also require certain quantitative and qualitative disclosures about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020 with early adoption permitted. On October 16, 2019, the FASB delayed the implementation of ASU 2016-02 for private companies until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company will adopt this standard in accordance with the private company guidance given its status as an Emerging Growth Company ("EGC"), is assessing the potential impact of the new standard on the consolidated financial statements and the change in adoption.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments which amends the FASB's guidance on the impairment of financial instruments. The ASU adds to U.S. GAAP an impairment model (known as the "current expected credit loss model") that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This amendment modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract," which allows for the capitalization of certain implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract. ASU 2018-15 allows for either retrospective adoption or prospective adoption to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We plan to adopt this standard prospectively effective for annual periods beginning January 1, 2020 and do not expect that the adoption of this new standard will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” The ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The ASU also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application among reporting entities. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within that reporting period; however, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.