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Related Party Transactions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Related Party Transactions

11.

Related Party Transactions

 

Acquisition of Investments

On March 11, 2022, the Company acquired floating rate CMBS bonds related to Starwood Capital and a third party for $109.2 million, secured by 111 lodging properties.

 

Management Fee and Performance Participation Allocation

The Advisor is entitled to an annual management fee equal to 1.25% of the Company’s NAV, payable monthly as compensation for the services it provides to the Company. The management fee can be paid, at the Advisor’s election, in cash, shares of common stock, or Operating Partnership units. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred management fees of $34.2 million and $7.4 million, respectively. 

To date, the Advisor has elected to receive the management fee in shares of the Company’s common stock. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 824,691 unregistered Class I shares to the Advisor as payment for the management fee and also had a payable of $12.4 million related to the management fee as of March 31, 2022, which is included in Due to affiliates on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During April 2022, the Advisor was issued 457,388 unregistered Class I shares as payment for the $12.4 million management fee accrued as of March 31, 2022. The shares issued to the Advisor for payment of the management fee were issued at the applicable NAV per share at the end of each month for which the fee was earned.

 

Additionally, the Special Limited Partner, an affiliate of the Advisor, holds a performance participation interest in the Operating Partnership that entitles it to receive an allocation of the Operating Partnership’s total return to its capital account. Total return is defined as distributions paid or accrued plus the change in NAV. Under the Operating Partnership agreement, the annual total return will be allocated solely to the Special Limited Partner after the other unit holders have received a total return of 5% (after recouping any loss carryforward amount) and such allocation will continue until the allocation between the Special Limited Partner and all other unit holders is equal to 12.5% and 87.5%, respectively. Thereafter, the Special Limited Partner will receive an allocation of 12.5% of the annual total return. The annual distribution of the performance participation interest will be paid in cash or Class I units of the Operating Partnership, at the election of the Special Limited Partner. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $87.1 million and $8.7 million, respectively, of performance participation allocation in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).  

The performance participation interest allocation for 2021 became payable on December 31, 2021 and, in January 2022, the Company caused the Operating Partnership to issue 7,872,930 Class I units in the Operating Partnership to the Special Limited Partner as

payment for the performance participation interest allocation for 2021. Such Class I units were issued at the NAV per unit as of December 31, 2021.

 

Due to Affiliates

The following table details the components of Due to affiliates ($ in thousands):

 

 

 

March 31, 2022

 

 

December 31, 2021

 

Accrued stockholder servicing fee

 

$

365,592

 

 

$

291,544

 

Performance participation allocation

 

 

87,126

 

 

 

204,225

 

Advanced organization and offering costs

 

 

4,009

 

 

 

4,373

 

Accrued management fee

 

 

12,378

 

 

 

9,628

 

Accrued affiliate service provider expenses

 

 

1,002

 

 

 

843

 

Advanced operating expenses

 

 

1,209

 

 

 

2,655

 

Total

 

$

471,316

 

 

$

513,268

 

 

 

Accrued stockholder servicing fee

 

As described in Note 2, the Company accrues the full amount of the future stockholder servicing fees payable to the Dealer Manager for Class T, Class S, and Class D shares up to the 8.75% limit at the time such shares are sold. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has accrued $365.6 million and $291.5 million, respectively, of stockholder servicing fees payable to the Dealer Manager related to the Class T, Class S shares and Class D shares sold. The Dealer Manager has entered into agreements with the participating broker dealers distributing the Company’s shares in the public offerings, which provide, among other things, for the re-allowance of the full amount of the selling commissions and dealer manager fee and all or a portion of the stockholder servicing fees received by the Dealer Manager to such participating broker dealers.

Advanced organization and offering costs

The Advisor and its affiliates incurred $7.3 million of organization and offering costs in connection with the Initial Public Offering (excluding upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees) on behalf of the Company through December 21, 2019. Such amount is being reimbursed to the Advisor ratably over 60 months, which commenced in January 2020.

Advanced operating expenses

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Advisor had advanced approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of expenses on the Company’s behalf for general corporate expenses provided by unaffiliated third parties. Such amounts (incurred prior to 2019) are being reimbursed to the Advisor ratably over a 60 month period, which commenced in January 2020.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, the Advisor had incurred approximately $5.0 million and $6.7 million, respectively, of expenses on the Company’s behalf for general corporate expenses. Such amounts are being reimbursed to the Advisor one month in arrears.

Accrued affiliate service provider expenses

The Company has engaged and expects to continue to engage Highmark Residential (formerly Milestone Management), a portfolio company owned by an affiliate of the Sponsor, to provide property management services (including leasing, revenue management, accounting, legal and contract management, expense management, and capital expenditure projects and transaction support services) for a portion of the Company’s multifamily properties. The cost for such services is a percentage of the gross receipts and project costs respectively (which will be reviewed periodically and adjusted if appropriate), plus actual costs allocated for transaction support services. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has incurred approximately $2.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of expenses due to Highmark Residential services in connection with its investments and such amount is included in Property operating expenses on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).  

 

The Company has engaged Rinaldi, Finkelstein & Franklin L.L.C. (“RFF”), a law firm owned and controlled by Ellis F. Rinaldi, Co-General Counsel and Senior Managing Director of the Sponsor and certain of its affiliates, to provide corporate legal support services

to the Company. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the amounts incurred for services provided by RFF were $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

 

The Company has engaged Essex Title, LLC (“Essex”), a title agent company majority owned by the Sponsor. Essex acts as an agent for one or more underwriters in issuing title policies and/or providing support services in connection with investments by the Company, Starwood Capital and its affiliates and third parties. Essex focuses on transactions in rate-regulated states where the cost of title insurance is non-negotiable. Essex will not perform services in non-regulated states for the Company, unless (i) in the context of a portfolio transaction that includes properties in rate-regulated states, (ii) as part of a syndicate of title insurance companies where the rate is negotiated by other insurers or their agents, (iii) when a third party is paying all or a material portion of the premium or (iv) when providing only support services to the underwriter. Essex earns fees, which would have otherwise been paid to third parties, by providing title agency services and facilitating placement of title insurance with underwriters. Starwood receives distributions from Essex in connection with investments by the Company based on its equity interest in Essex. In each case, there will be no related offset to the Company. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the amounts incurred for services provided by Essex were $1.1 million and zero expenses, respectively.

 

The Company engaged Starwood Retail Partners to provide leasing and legal services for any retail properties we acquire. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred $0.0 million and zero expenses, respectively.  

 

The Company has engaged Starwood’s affiliated Luxembourg office for accounting and administrative matters relating to certain European investments. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the amounts incurred for services provided were $0.3 million and zero expenses, respectively.

 

The Company has incurred legal expenses from third party law firms whose lawyers have been seconded to affiliates of Starwood Capital for the purpose of providing legal services in Europe to investment vehicles sponsored by Starwood Capital. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the amounts incurred for services provided were $0.1 million and zero expenses, respectively.