SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies *Basis of Presentation* The accompanying financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These unaudited consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019. *Use of Estimates* Preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions. *Cash and Cash Equivalents* The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash balances that may be uninsured or in deposit accounts that exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financial institutions. *Receivables* Receivables currently consist of an R&D tax credit receivable, valued added tax (“VAT”) receivable, joint development cost receivable and a Goods and Services Tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax credit receivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expenses incurred. The VAT receivable is recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT related to it. The receivable is recorded for the amount expected to be returned when the VAT tax return is filed. The joint development cost receivable is recorded when the Company incurs R&D expenses based on the amount it expects to receive as a reimbursement per the Novamune agreement (see Note 4 for detailed explanation of the agreement). The GST tax receivable is recorded when the Company receives an invoice with GST tax related to it. The collectability of these receivables are evaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, the GST returns submitted and the amounts received from Novamune. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no trade receivables. *Intangible Assets* The Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with in-process research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and such uses are not restricted under applicable license agreements. Amortization is initiated for acquired in-process research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. Acquired in-process research and development intangible assets which are determined to have had a drop in their fair value are adjusted downward and an expense recognized in research and development in the consolidated statements of operations. These acquired in-process research and development intangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. *Basic and Diluted Loss per Share* Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potential common shares if their effect is anti-dilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position. At March 31, 2019, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,046,675 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants. At March 31, 2018, the Company had 1,200,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options, and 903,611 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants. *Research and Development* Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research and development costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization expense on research and development property and equipment, costs of preclinical studies, clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory and compliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf. The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. *Stock-Based Compensation* The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fair value of our share-based compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fair value, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stock-based payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur. *Income Taxes* The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences). The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. *Foreign Currency Translation* The Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S. Dollar for its U.S. based operations and British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdom-based operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australian-based operations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statement of operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). *New and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements* During the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 2018-11, Leases, which allowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company will recognize those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting.” ASU 2018-07 aligns accounting for share-based payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718, with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equity-based payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 505-50, “Equity – Equity-based Payments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows. *Management’s Evaluation of Subsequent Events* The Company evaluates events that have occurred after the balance sheet date of March 31, 2019, through the date which the financial statements are issued.	NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES *Use of Estimates* Preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions. *Cash and Cash Equivalents* For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. *Receivables* Receivables currently consist of an R&D tax credit receivable, valued added tax (“VAT”) receivable, joint development cost receivable and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax credit receivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expenses incurred. The VAT receivable is recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT related to it. The receivable is recorded for the amount expected to be returned when the VAT tax return is filed. The joint development cost receivable is recorded when the Company incurs R&D expenses based on the amount it expects to receive as a reimbursement per the Novamune agreement (see Note 4 for detailed explanation of the agreement). The GST tax receivable is recorded when the Company receives an invoice with GST tax related to it. The collectability of these receivables are evaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, the GST returns submitted and the amounts received from Novamune. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no trade receivables. *Intangible Assets* The Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with in-process research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and such uses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line as intangible assets. Acquired in-process research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated for acquired in-process research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired in-process research and development intangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized impairment related to its intangible assets of $0. *Basic and Diluted Loss per Share* Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potential common shares if their effect is anti-dilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position. At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 903,611 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants. At December 31, 2017, the Company had 864,668 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants. *Stock-Based Compensation* The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of employee stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fair value of our share-based compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fair value, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stock-based payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees using a fair value approach under ASC Subtopic 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The Company values equity instruments and stock options granted to non-employees at fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The value of non-employee stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest and is recognized as an expense over the term of the related financing or the period over which services are received. The Company recognizes compensation expense, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is equal to the applicable vesting period. *Research and Development* Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research and development costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization expense on research and development property and equipment, costs of preclinical studies, clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory and compliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf. *Income Taxes* The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences). The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. *Foreign Currency Translation* The Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S. Dollar for its U.S. based operations and British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdom-based operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australian-based operations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statement of operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). *New and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements* In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). This standard requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company evaluated the effects that the adoption of this new standard will have on its financial statements and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting.” ASU 2018-07 aligns accounting for share-based payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718, with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equity-based payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 505-50, “Equity – Equity-based Payments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on its financial statements. *Subsequent Events* The Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

These unaudited consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019.

Use of Estimates

Preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash balances that may be uninsured or in deposit accounts that exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financial institutions.

Receivables

Receivables currently consist of an R&D tax credit receivable, valued added tax (“VAT”) receivable, joint development cost receivable and a Goods and Services Tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax credit receivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expenses incurred. The VAT receivable is recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT related to it. The receivable is recorded for the amount expected to be returned when the VAT tax return is filed. The joint development cost receivable is recorded when the Company incurs R&D expenses based on the amount it expects to receive as a reimbursement per the Novamune agreement (see Note 4 for detailed explanation of the agreement). The GST tax receivable is recorded when the Company receives an invoice with GST tax related to it. The collectability of these receivables are evaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, the GST returns submitted and the amounts received from Novamune. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no trade receivables.

Intangible Assets

The Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with in-process research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and such uses are not restricted under applicable license agreements. Amortization is initiated for acquired in-process research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. Acquired in-process research and development intangible assets which are determined to have had a drop in their fair value are adjusted downward and an expense recognized in research and development in the consolidated statements of operations. These acquired in-process research and development intangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment.

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potential common shares if their effect is anti-dilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.

At March 31, 2019, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,046,675 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.

At March 31, 2018, the Company had 1,200,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options, and 903,611 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.

Research and Development

Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research and development costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization expense on research and development property and equipment, costs of preclinical studies, clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory and compliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.

The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fair value of our share-based compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fair value, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stock-based payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.

Income Taxes

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences). The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S. Dollar for its U.S. based operations and British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdom-based operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australian-based operations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statement of operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

New and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 2018-11, Leases, which allowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company will recognize those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting.” ASU 2018-07 aligns accounting for share-based payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718, with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equity-based payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 505-50, “Equity – Equity-based Payments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.

Management’s Evaluation of Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates events that have occurred after the balance sheet date of March 31, 2019, through the date which the financial statements are issued.

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Use of Estimates

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000.

Receivables

Receivables currently consist of an R&D tax credit receivable, valued added tax (“VAT”) receivable, joint development cost receivable and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax credit receivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expenses incurred. The VAT receivable is recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT related to it. The receivable is recorded for the amount expected to be returned when the VAT tax return is filed. The joint development cost receivable is recorded when the Company incurs R&D expenses based on the amount it expects to receive as a reimbursement per the Novamune agreement (see Note 4 for detailed explanation of the agreement). The GST tax receivable is recorded when the Company receives an invoice with GST tax related to it. The collectability of these receivables are evaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, the GST returns submitted and the amounts received from Novamune. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no trade receivables.

Intangible Assets

The Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with in-process research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and such uses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line as intangible assets. Acquired in-process research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated for acquired in-process research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired in-process research and development intangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized impairment related to its intangible assets of $0.

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 903,611 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.

At December 31, 2017, the Company had 864,668 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of employee stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fair value of our share-based compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fair value, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stock-based payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances.

The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees using a fair value approach under ASC Subtopic 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The Company values equity instruments and stock options granted to non-employees at fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The value of non-employee stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest and is recognized as an expense over the term of the related financing or the period over which services are received.

The Company recognizes compensation expense, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is equal to the applicable vesting period.

Research and Development

Income Taxes

Foreign Currency Translation

New and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). This standard requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company evaluated the effects that the adoption of this new standard will have on its financial statements and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting.” ASU 2018-07 aligns accounting for share-based payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718, with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equity-based payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 505-50, “Equity – Equity-based Payments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on its financial statements.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.