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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Nature of Operations

The terms “CURO" and the “Company” refer to CURO Group Holdings Corp. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries as a combined entity, except where otherwise stated.

The Company is an omni-channel consumer finance company serving customers in the U.S. and Canada for over 25 years. Our roots in the consumer finance market run deep. We have worked diligently to provide customers a variety of convenient, easily accessible financial services. Our decades of alternative data power a hard-to-replicate underwriting and scoring engine, mitigating risk across the full spectrum of credit products.

Basis of Presentation

The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the accounting policies described in its 2022 Form 10-K. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results that might be expected for future interim periods or for the year ending December 31, 2023.

While certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to enable a reasonable understanding of the information presented. Additionally, the Company qualifies as an SRC, which allows it to report information under scaled disclosure requirements. SRC status is determined on an annual basis as of June 30th. The Company met the definition of an SRC as of June 30, 2023 and will evaluate its status as of June 30, 2024.

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes reflect adjustments of a normal and recurring nature, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly the Company's results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented.
Revised Presentation

On August 31, 2023, the Company completed the divestiture of Flexiti to Questrade Financial Group Inc. Flexiti constituted the entirety of the Company’s Canada POS Lending operating segment, which resulted in treatment of the Canada POS Lending operating segment as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Throughout this report, current and prior period financial information is presented on a continuing operations basis, excluding the results and positions of the Canada POS Lending operating segment, unless otherwise noted. See Note 14, "Discontinued Operations" for additional information.

Beginning January 1, 2023, the Company began reporting "Insurance and other income" in place of the previously reported "Insurance premiums and commissions" and "Other revenue" line items in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.

Beginning January 1, 2023, the Company renamed the previously reported Allowance for loan losses to Allowance for credit losses on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the accounts of CURO and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Some estimates may also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates that the Company made in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include ACL, certain assumptions related to equity investments, goodwill and intangibles, accruals related to self-insurance, estimated tax liabilities and the accounting for acquisitions. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The FASB has changed the impairment model for estimating credit losses on financial assets. The previous incurred loss impairment model required the recognition of credit losses when it was probable that a loss had been incurred. The incurred loss
model was replaced by the CECL model, which requires entities to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss on financial instruments and to record an allowance to offset the amortized cost basis of the financial asset. The CECL model requires earlier recognition of credit losses as compared to the incurred loss approach. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2023. The initial impact of adoption on continuing operations was a $89.6 million increase to Accumulated deficit ($121.1 million increase to the ACL, net of $31.4 million in taxes). For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a valuation allowance against the U.S. DTAs. See Note 8 - Income Taxes for further information. As a result, the Company decreased the tax impact to Accumulated deficit by $13.0 million as a result of the valuation allowance for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of adoption on January 1, 2023, the impact of CECL for continuing operations was recorded as a $102.7 million increase to Accumulated deficit ($121.2 million increase to the ACL, net of $18.5 million in taxes). The ACL on gross loans receivables reduces the outstanding gross loans receivables balance in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. After adoption, all changes in the ACL, net of charge-offs and recoveries, are recorded as “Provision for losses” in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The ACL is based on an analysis of historical loss, charge-off rates and recoveries. The Company also considers delinquency trends, impact of new loan products, changes to underwriting criteria or lending policies, changes in jurisdictional regulations or laws, recent credit trends and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, which cover the life of the loan. The Company will also adjust for quantitative and qualitative factors that are not fully reflected in the historical data. If a loan is deemed to be uncollectible before it is fully reserved based on received information (e.g., receipt of customer bankruptcy notice or death), the Company charges off the loan at that time. The Company charges credit losses, including accrued interest, against the allowance when the account reaches 180 days contractually delinquent, subject to certain exceptions. Any recoveries on loans previously charged to the ACL are credited to the ACL when collected.

The Company selected a static pool Probability of Default (“PD”) / Loss Given Default (“LGD”) / Exposure at Default ("EAD") model to estimate its base allowance for credit losses, in which the estimated loss is equal to the product of PD, LGD and EAD. Historical static pools of net loans receivables are tracked over the term of the pools to identify the probability of loss (PD) and the average size of losses, net of recoveries (LGD and EAD).

As loans receivable are originated, provisions for credit losses are recorded in amounts sufficient to maintain an ACL at an adequate level to provide for estimated losses over the contractual term of the loan receivables. Subsequent changes to the contractual terms resulting from re-underwriting are not included in the loan receivable’s expected life. The Company uses its historical loss experience to forecast expected credit losses. Historical information about losses generally provides a basis for the estimate of expected credit losses. The Company also considers the need to adjust historical information to reflect the extent to which current conditions differ from the conditions that existed for the period over which historical information was evaluated. These adjustments to historical loss information may be qualitative or quantitative in nature.

Reasonable and supportable macroeconomic forecasts are required for the Company’s ACL model. The projected change in creditworthiness is modeled using Congressional Budget Office data such as unemployment rate and personal income. The Company adjusts the historical loss experience by relevant qualitative factors for these expectations.

Canada Loss Recognition

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company modified the timeframe over which it charges-off loans within the loans in Canada and made related refinements to its loss provisioning methodology. Prior to January 1, 2023, the Company deemed the loans in Canada uncollectible and charged-off on day 91 past-due. As part of our policy alignment, the Company revised its estimates and now considers a loan in Canada uncollectible and charged-off when they have been contractually past-due for more than 180 consecutive days. Consequently, such past-due loans and related accrued interest now remain in loans receivable for 180 days before being charged-off against the ACL. All recoveries on charged-off loans are credited to the ACL when received. The Company evaluates the adequacy of the ACL compared to the related gross loans receivable balances that include accrued interest.

The aforementioned change was treated as a change in accounting estimate and applied prospectively effective January 1, 2023.

The change affects comparability to prior periods as follows:
Gross loans receivable: balances as of September 30, 2023 include $21.7 million of loans that are between 91 and 180 days past-due with related accrued interest, while such balances for prior periods do not include any loans that are between 91 and 180 days past-due.
Revenues: for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, revenues include accrued interest on the loans between 91 and 180 days past-due of $1.4 million and $3.9 million respectively, while revenues in prior periods do not include any loans that are between 91 and 180 days past-due.
Provision for Losses: effective January 1, 2023, past-due, unpaid balances plus related accrued interest on the loans charge off on day 181. Provision expense is affected by NCOs plus changes to the required ACL. Because NCOs now include unpaid principal and up to 180 days of related accrued interest, as compared to prior periods, NCO amounts and rates are higher and the required ACL as a percentage of gross loans receivable is higher. The Company recognized $63.9 million in charge offs related to the loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and, absent the policy change, would have recognized $84.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 in gross charge offs on those loans. There was no impact on the provision for losses in the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Continued Listing Standard Notice from NYSE

On October 16, 2023, the Company received a written notice (the “Market Cap Notice”) from the NYSE that the Company was not in compliance with the continued listing criteria set forth in Section 802.01B of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual with respect to the minimum market capitalization and shareholders' equity requirements, as the average market capitalization of the Company over a consecutive 30 trading-day period was less than $50 million and, at the same time, the Company’s last reported stockholders’ equity was less than $50 million. As of October 16, 2023, the 30 trading-day average market capitalization was approximately $44.7 million, and its last reported stockholders’ deficit was $398.0 million ($268.4 million as of June 30, 2023). Within 45 days of receipt of the Market Cap Notice, the Company will respond to the NYSE with a business plan aimed to demonstrate the definitive actions the Company has taken, or is taking, to regain compliance with the continued listing standards within 18 months of the Market Cap Notice. Should the Listings Operations Committee of the NYSE review and approve the plan, the Company's common stock will continue to be listed and traded on the NYSE during the 18-month cure period, subject to the Company's compliance with the other continued listing criteria of the NYSE and the periodic monitoring of the business plan by the NYSE.

On October 27, 2023, the Company received written notice from the NYSE that the Company was not in compliance with the continued listing criteria set forth in 802.01C of the NYSE's Listed Company Manual with respect to stock price requirements (the "Stock Price Notice"). The Company has a period of six months following the receipt of the Stock Price Notice to regain compliance. As a result, the Company has until April 27, 2024 to regain compliance. If the Company determines that in order to cure the price condition it is necessary to take an action that requires shareholder approval, it must obtain shareholder approval by no later than its 2024 annual meeting and must implement the action promptly thereafter.

The Market Cap Notice and Stock Price Notice do not affect the Company’s reporting obligations with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and they do not conflict with or cause an event of default under any of the Company’s material debt or other agreements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
ASU 2023-03
In July 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-03, Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Equity (Topic 505), and Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 120, SEC Staff Announcement at the March 24, 2022 EITF Meeting, and Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 6.B, Accounting Series Release 280—General Revision of Regulation S-X: Income or Loss Applicable to Common Stock. This ASU amends various paragraphs in the accounting codification pursuant to the issuance of Commission Staff Bulletin number 120. As the ASU does not provide any new guidance, there is no transition or effective date associated with its adoption. Accordingly, the Company adopted ASU 2023-03 immediately upon its issuance. The adoption of ASU 2023-03 did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statement presentation or related disclosures.
ASU 2016-13 and Subsequent Amendments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and subsequent amendments to the guidance: ASU 2018-19 in November 2018, ASU 2019-04 in April 2019, ASU 2019-05 in May 2019, ASU 2019-10 and -11 in November 2019, ASU 2020-02 in February 2020 and ASU 2022-02 in March 2022.

As a result of the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023, through a modified-retrospective approach, the Company recorded an increase to the continuing operations ACL of $121.1 million and a corresponding one-time, cumulative reduction to continuing operations retained earnings of $102.7 million (net of $18.5 million in taxes) in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2023. The Company’s continuing operations ACL increased from 6.5% to 16.1% as a percentage of the amortized cost basis on January 1, 2023.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which removes the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings and requires entities to evaluate whether a modification provided to a customer results in a new loan or continuation of an existing loan. The amendments enhance existing disclosures and require new disclosures for receivables when there has been a modification in contractual cash flows due
to a customer experiencing financial difficulties. Additionally, the amendments require disclosure of gross charge-off information by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

As result of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, several of our significant accounting policies have changed to reflect the requirements of the new standard. See above for these updated significant accounting policies as of January 1, 2023.

ASU 2021-08

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires an acquirer in a business combination to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The adoption of ASU 2021-08 at January 1, 2023 did not have a material effect on the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.