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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Nature of Operations

The terms “CURO" and the “Company” refer to CURO Group Holdings Corp. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries as a combined entity, except where otherwise stated.

The Company is a tech-enabled, omni-channel consumer finance company serving a full spectrum of non-prime consumers in the U.S and non-prime and prime consumers in Canada. Effective with its acquisition of Flexiti on March 10, 2021, CURO provides a BNPL solution for customers in Canada.

Basis of Presentation

The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the accounting policies described in its 2020 Form 10-K. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results that might be expected for future interim periods or for the year ending December 31, 2021.

Following the acquisition of Flexiti, the Company reports Flexiti operations as the "Canada POS Lending" segment throughout this Form 10-Q. Refer to Note 11, "Segment Reporting" for further information.

While certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to enable a reasonable understanding of the information presented. Additionally, the Company will continue to take advantage of the scaled disclosure requirements permitted by the SEC for. SRCs for the quarter-to-date and year-to-date periods presented. SRC status is determined on an annual basis as of the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The Company qualified as an SRC until June 30, 2021, but after that date, the Company no longer qualified as an SRC and thus will begin to report as a non-SRC beginning with the first quarter of 2022.

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes reflect adjustments of a normal and recurring nature, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly the Company's results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented. During the first quarter of 2021, the Company combined the previously separate "Occupancy" and "Office" line items into "Occupancy and office" in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as of September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the accounts of CURO and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Flexiti, which was acquired on March 10, 2021, and Ad Astra, which was acquired on January 3, 2020. Refer to Note 15, "Acquisitions" for further disclosures related to these acquisitions. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, including those impacted by COVID-19, that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Some estimates may also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates that the Company made in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include ALL, certain assumptions related to equity investments, goodwill and intangibles, accruals related to self-insurance, CSO liability for losses, estimated tax liabilities and the accounting for the Flexiti acquisition. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Acquisition of Flexiti

On March 10, 2021, CURO closed its acquisition of Flexiti, a POS and BNPL provider, in a transaction accounted for as a business combination. Flexiti is one of Canada's fastest-growing POS lenders, offering customers flexible payment plans at retailers that sell large-scale goods such as furniture, appliances, jewelry and electronics. Through its BNPL platform, customers can be approved instantly to shop with their FlexitiCard, which they can use online or in-store to make multiple purchases, within their credit limit, without needing to reapply. Refer to Note 15, "Acquisitions" for further information regarding the acquisition and Note 14, "Goodwill" for the impact to the Company's goodwill balance as a result of the acquisition.
Change in Accounting Principle Related to Equity Method Investment in Katapult

Katapult is an e-commerce focused, FinTech company offering an innovative lease financing solution to consumers and enabling essential transactions at the merchant POS. CURO first invested in Katapult in 2017 as the Company identified multiple catalysts for Katapult's future success: an innovative e-commerce POS business model, a focus on the large and under-penetrated non-prime financing market and a clear and compelling value proposition for merchants and consumers. The Company accounts for its investment in Katapult under the equity method of accounting as of September 30, 2021. Refer to Note 8, "Fair Value Measurements" for further disclosures regarding the accounting for the Company's investment in Katapult.

Historically, the Company reported income and loss from its equity method investment in Katapult on a two-month reporting lag. The merger between Katapult and FinServ in June 2021 triggered a change in Katapult's control environment and reporting structure to coincide with SEC reporting requirements. As a result, during the first quarter of 2021 the Company applied a change in accounting principle to reflect the Company's share of Katapult's historical and ongoing results from a two-month reporting lag to a one-quarter reporting lag. The Company believes this change in accounting principle is preferable as it provides the Company with the ability to present the results of its equity method investment after Katapult’s results are publicly available and related internal controls have been completed. The Company has not retrospectively applied the change in accounting principle because the impact on the financial statements was immaterial for all periods presented.

Continuing Impacts of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause significant uncertainty and impacts. Macroeconomic conditions, in general, and the Company's operations, specifically, have been significantly affected by COVID-19. Government responses to the pandemic, either through the form of mandated lockdowns or a variety of stimulus programs to mitigate the impact of the pandemic, suppressed loan demand in 2020 and into the first quarter of 2021. For details regarding the effect COVID-19 had on the Company's operations in 2020, the Company's response to mitigate the impact of the pandemic and the U.S. and Canadian federal and local responses to the pandemic, refer to the 2020 Form 10-K. During the second quarter of 2021, the runoff of additional federal stimulus programs in the U.S. resulted in the stabilization of the Company's U.S. loan portfolio and resulted in moderately higher NCO and past-due trends, though still at relatively low levels compared to pre-COVID-19 trends. For further information regarding the impact the pandemic had on loan balances as of September 30, 2021, refer to Note 3, "Loans Receivable and Revenue."

Troubled Debt Restructuring
If a borrower experiences financial difficulties, the Company may modify the terms of its loans receivable, known as TDRs. As a result of COVID-19 and the Company's response to provide relief for customers through its Customer Care Program, the Company began modifying loans that qualified as TDRs beginning in the second quarter of 2020. Refer to Note 3, "Loans Receivable and Revenue" for further information on TDRs as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Loans Receivable on a Non-Accrual Basis

The Company may place loans receivable on non-accrual status due to statutory requirements or, if in management’s judgment, the timely collection of principal and interest becomes uncertain. After a loan is placed on non-accrual status, no further interest is accrued. Loans are not typically returned to accrual status and thus remain on non-accrual status until they are paid or charged-off. Payments are applied initially to any outstanding past due loan balances prior to current loan balances. The Company's policy for determining past due status is consistent with that of the Company's accrual loans, depending on the product. Refer to Note 3, "Loans Receivable and Revenue" for further information on non-accrual loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Goodwill

The annual impairment review for goodwill consists of performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, as a basis for determining whether or not further testing is required. The Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the two-step process, for any reporting unit in any period. The Company can resume the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any subsequent period. If the Company determines, on the basis of qualitative factors, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, the Company will then apply a two-step process of (i) determining the fair value of the reporting unit and (ii) comparing it to the carrying value of the net assets allocated to the reporting unit. When performing the two-step process, if the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no further analysis or write-down of goodwill is required. In the event the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying value, the Company would recognize an impairment loss equal to such excess, which could significantly and adversely impact reported results of operations and stockholders’ equity.

At September 30, 2021, the goodwill balance includes the amount recognized as a result of the acquisition of Flexiti. Refer to Note 15, "Acquisitions" for further information regarding the acquisition and Note 14, "Goodwill" for the impact to the Company's goodwill balance as a result of the acquisition.
During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company performed a quantitative assessment for the U.S. and Canada Direct Lending reporting units. Management concluded that the estimated fair values of these two reporting units were greater than their respective carrying values. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company did not identify triggering events that indicate an impairment existed and did not record an impairment related to goodwill. The Company has not yet completed its annual impairment review for goodwill, which is performed as of October 1.

Refer to Note 14, "Goodwill" for further information.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2020-01

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments-Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) (ASU 2020-01). ASU 2020-01 clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities under Topic 321, the accounting for equity method investments in Topic 323 and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options in Topic 815. The Company adopted ASU 2020-01 as of January 1, 2021, which did not have a material impact on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ASU 2019-12

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). The ASU intends to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes and removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. Additionally, the ASU clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application of its requirements. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 as of January 1, 2021, which did not have a material impact on the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

ASU 2016-13

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and subsequent amendments to the guidance: ASU 2018-19 in November 2018, ASU 2019-04 in April 2019, ASU 2019-05 in May 2019, ASU 2019-10 and -11 in November 2019 and ASU 2020-02 in February 2020. The amended standard changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace the current “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. The amendment will affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off-balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash.

ASU 2019-10 amends the mandatory effective date for ASU 2016-13. As a result, ASU 2016-13 and related amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 for entities that qualified as an SRC as of June 30, 2019, such as the Company. ASU 2016-13 and its amendments should be applied on either a prospective transition or modified-retrospective approach depending on the subtopic. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating its alternatives with respect to the available accounting methods under ASU 2016-13, including the fair value option. If the fair value option is not utilized, adoption of ASU 2016-13 will increase the allowance for credit losses, with a resulting negative adjustment to retained earnings on the date of adoption. The Company deferred the adoption of ASU 2016-13 as permitted under ASU 2019-10. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on its financial statements.
ASU 2020-04 and subsequent amendments

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the upcoming market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. Entities can elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by this reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. An entity that makes this election would not have to remeasure the contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. Entities also can elect various optional expedients that would allow them to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The guidance is effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. The FASB also issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope in January 2021. It clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The amendments in this ASU affect the guidance in ASU 2020-04 and are effective in the same timeframe as ASU 2020-04. The Company does not expect the adoption of these ASUs to have a material impact on its financial statements.