10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_____________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_____________________________________________________

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from               to                    

Commission file number: 001-38210

_____________________________________________________

Krystal Biotech, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_____________________________________________________

Delaware	82-1080209
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

2100 Wharton Street, Suite 701

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(412) 586-5830

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

_____________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	KRYS	NASDAQ Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

Emerging growth company     ☐

If emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 31, 2022, there were 25,747,647 shares of the registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding.

Krystal Biotech, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page No.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	32
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	32
Item 5.	Other Information	32
Item 6.	Exhibits	33
SIGNATURES		34

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Krystal Biotech, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	186,409	$	341,246
Short-term investments	208,011		96,850
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,158		4,171
Total current assets	397,578		442,267
Property and equipment, net	157,786		112,355
Long-term investments	12,557		64,371
Right-of-use assets	8,253		7,228
Other non-current assets	205		74
Total assets	$	576,379	$	626,295
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	5,761	$	8,398
Current portion of lease liability	1,547		1,041
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	20,724		16,297
Total current liabilities	28,032		25,736
Lease liability	7,575		6,983
Total liabilities	35,607		32,719
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock; $0.00001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized at    September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; 2,061,773    shares issued, and no shares outstanding at September 30, 2022    and December 31, 2021	—		—
Common stock; $0.00001 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized a September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; 25,709,664 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022; and 25,207,985 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	790,954		734,523
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,475)		(163)
Accumulated deficit	(248,707)		(140,784)
Total stockholders' equity	540,772		593,576
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	576,379	$	626,295

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Krystal Biotech, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Expenses
Research and development	$	11,516	$	6,080	$	31,720	$	18,875
General and administrative	19,935		9,572		53,705		27,524
Litigation settlement	—		—		25,000		—
Total operating expenses	31,451		15,652		110,425		46,399
Loss from operations	(31,451)		(15,652)		(110,425)		(46,399)
Other Income (Expense)
Interest and other income, net	1,601		63		2,502		127
Interest expense	—		—		—		(1,492)
Net loss	$	(29,850)	(15,589)		(107,923)		(47,764)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities and currency translation adjustment	70		7		(1,312)		(20)
Comprehensive loss	$	(29,780)	$	(15,582)	$	(109,235)	$	(47,784)
Net loss per common share:    Basic and diluted	$	(1.17)	$	(0.70)	$	(4.24)	$	(2.18)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:    Basic and diluted	25,619,125		22,212,266		25,428,097		21,893,656

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Krystal Biotech, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Accumulated		Total Stockholders'
(In thousands, except shares)	Shares	Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)		Deficit		Equity
Balances at January 1, 2022	25,207,985	$	—	$	734,523	$	(163)	$	(140,784)	$	593,576
Issuance of common stock, net	1,475	—		55		—		—		55
Shares surrendered for taxes and forfeitures	(10,379)	—		(649)		—		—		(649)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		6,571		—		—		6,571
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	—	—		—		(1,034)		—		(1,034)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(49,965)		(49,965)
Balances at March 31, 2022	25,199,081	$	—	$	740,500	$	(1,197)	$	(190,749)	$	548,554
Issuance of common stock, net	472,706	—		30,748		—		—		30,748
Shares surrendered for taxes and forfeitures	(7,500)	—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		8,335		—		—		8,335
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	—	—		—		(348)		—		(348)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(28,108)		(28,108)
Balances at June 30, 2022	25,664,287	$	—	$	779,583	$	(1,545)	$	(218,857)	$	559,181
Issuance of common stock, net	45,377	—		2,176		—		—		2,176
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		9,195		—		—		9,195
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	—	—		—		70		—		70
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(29,850)		(29,850)
Balances at September 30, 2022	25,709,664	$	—	$	790,954	$	(1,475)	$	(248,707)	$	540,772

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Accumulated		Total Stockholders'
(In thousands, except shares)	Shares	Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)		Deficit		Equity
Balances at January 1, 2021	19,714,220	$	—	$	363,292	$	6	$	(71,214)	$	292,084
Issuance of common stock, net	2,489,837	—		152,033		—		—		152,033
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		2,350		—		—		2,350
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	—	—		—		(3)		—		(3)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(15,812)		(15,812)
Balances at March 31, 2021	22,204,057	$	—	$	517,675	$	3	$	(87,026)	$	430,652
Issuance of common stock, net	975	—		14		—		—		14
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		4,261		—		—		4,261
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	—	—		—		(24)		—		(24)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(16,363)		(16,363)
Balances at June 30, 2021	22,205,032	$	—	$	521,950	$	(21)	$	(103,389)	$	418,540
Issuance of common stock, net	32,952	—		1,534		—		—		1,534
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		3,745		—		—		3,745
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	—	—		—		7		—		7
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(15,589)		(15,589)
Balances at September 30, 2021	22,237,984	$	—	$	527,229	$	(14)	$	(118,978)	$	408,237

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Krystal Biotech, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(107,923)	$	(47,764)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	2,966		1,985
Stock-based compensation expense	23,678		10,174
Loss on disposals of fixed assets	22		—
Non-cash interest expense	—		1,492
Other, net	(224)		(224)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,031		1,038
Other non-current assets	(31)		—
Lease liability	(459)		(240)
Accounts payable	(316)		(225)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	3,016		6,726
Net cash used in operating activities	(78,240)		(27,038)
Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(47,762)		(27,453)
Purchases of investments	(214,712)		(83,810)
Proceeds from maturities of investments	153,599		11,033
Net cash used in investing activities	(108,875)		(100,230)
Financing Activities
Issuance of common stock, net	32,927		153,573
Taxes paid related to settlement of restricted stock awards	(649)		—
Repayment of ASTRA build to suit liability	—		(7,960)
Net cash provided by financing activities	32,278		145,613
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(154,837)		18,345
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	341,246		268,269
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	186,409	$	286,614
Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Unpaid purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	15,305	$	23,213
Initial recognition of right-of-use assets	1,556		4,396

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

Krystal Biotech, Inc.  

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

1.    Organization

Krystal Biotech, Inc. (the “Company,” or “we” or other similar pronouns) commenced operations on April 15, 2016. On March 31, 2017, the Company converted from a California limited liability company to a Delaware C-corporation, and changed its name from Krystal Biotech LLC to Krystal Biotech, Inc. On June 19, 2018, the Company incorporated Krystal Australia Pty Ltd., an Australian proprietary limited company, a wholly-owned subsidiary, for the purpose of undertaking preclinical and clinical studies in Australia. On April 23, 2019, the Company incorporated Jeune Aesthetics, Inc., formerly known as Jeune, Inc. ("Jeune"), in Delaware, a wholly-owned subsidiary, for the purpose of undertaking preclinical and clinical studies for aesthetic skin conditions. On January 7, 2022 and August 25, 2022, the Company incorporated Krystal Biotech Switzerland GmbH and Krystal Biotech Netherlands, B.V., respectively, for the purpose of establishing initial operations in Europe for the development and commercialization of Krystal's pipeline.

We are a biotechnology company focused on developing and commercializing genetic medicines for patients with rare diseases. Using our patented platform that is based on engineered HSV-1, we create vectors that efficiently deliver therapeutic transgenes to cells of interest in multiple organ systems. The cell’s own machinery then transcribes and translates the encoded effector to treat or prevent disease. We formulate our vectors for non-invasive or minimally invasive routes of administration at a healthcare professional’s office or potentially in the patient’s home by a healthcare professional. Our goal is to develop easy-to-use medicines to dramatically improve the lives of patients living with rare diseases and chronic conditions. Our innovative technology platform is supported by in-house, commercial scale current good manufacturing practices ("cGMP") manufacturing capabilities.

Liquidity

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $248.7 million. With the net proceeds raised from its public offerings, the Company believes that its cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $394.4 million as of September 30, 2022 will be sufficient to allow the Company to fund its planned operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As the Company continues to incur losses, a transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful development, approval and commercialization of its product candidates and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support the Company’s cost structure. The Company may never achieve profitability and unless and until it does, the Company will continue to need to raise additional capital or obtain financing from other sources. Management intends to fund future operations through the sale of equity and debt financings and may also seek additional capital through arrangements with strategic partners or other sources. There can be no assurance that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all.

The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology industry, including but not limited to the failure of product candidates in clinical and preclinical studies, the development of competing product candidates or other technological innovations by competitors, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations and the ability to commercialize product candidates.

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented, are reflected in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassified amounts have no impact on the Company’s previously reported financial position or results of operation.

The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022.

7

Risks and Uncertainties

The coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic has resulted, and is likely to continue to result, in significant national and global economic uncertainty and may adversely affect the Company's business. The Company is continuing to actively monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related effects on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce. The full extent, consequences, and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting impact on the Company cannot currently be predicted. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact that the pandemic could have on the operations, financial position, and the results of operations and cash flows during fiscal year 2022.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Management considers many factors in selecting appropriate financial accounting policies and controls, and in developing the estimates and assumptions that are used in the preparation of these financial statements. Management must apply significant judgment in this process. In addition, other factors may affect estimates, including expected business and operational changes, sensitivity and volatility associated with the assumptions used in developing estimates, and whether historical trends are expected to be representative of future trends. The estimation process often may yield a range of potentially reasonable estimates of the ultimate future outcomes and management must select an amount that falls within that range of reasonable estimates. This process may result in actual results differing materially from those estimated amounts used in the preparation of the financial statements. Estimates are used in the following areas including stock-based compensation expense, accrued expenses, the fair value of financial instruments, the incremental borrowing rate for lease liabilities, and the valuation allowance included in the deferred income tax calculation.

Segment and Geographical Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company and the Company’s chief operating decision maker view the Company’s operations and manage its business in one operating segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing pharmaceutical products.  

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Sheet Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and investments. The Company’s policy is to invest its cash, cash equivalents and investments in money market funds, corporate bonds, commercial paper, government agency securities and various other bank deposit accounts. The counterparties to the agreements relating to the Company’s investments consist of financial institutions of high credit standing. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent amounts recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are in excess of insured limits. The Company has not experienced any credit losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on these funds. The Company has no financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk of loss.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

Cash and cash equivalents consist of money market funds and bank deposits. Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase.

Investments with maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and consist of commercial paper, corporate bonds, and government agency securities. Investments with maturities of greater than one year are classified as long-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and consist of corporate bonds and government agency securities. Accrued interest on corporate bonds and government agency securities are also classified as short-term investments.

As our entire investment portfolio is considered available for use in current operations, we classify all investments as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

8

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in determining fair value by their reliability and preferred use, as follows:

•Level 1— Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2— Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3— Valuations based on inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

To the extent that a valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable, or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized within Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

There have been no significant changes to the valuation methods utilized by the Company during the periods presented. There have been no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 in any periods presented.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, investments, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, are reasonable estimates of fair value, primarily due to their short maturities.

Our available-for-sale, short-term and long-term investments, which consist of commercial paper, corporate bonds, and U.S. government agency securities are considered to be Level 2 valuations. The fair value of Level 2 financial assets is determined using inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data, such as pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions, cash flow models with yield curves, and benchmark securities. In addition, Level 2 financial instruments are valued using comparisons to like-kind financial instruments and models that use readily observable market data as their basis.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net, is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed to operations as incurred, while costs of major additions and betterments are capitalized. Upon disposal, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which are as follows:

Computer equipment and software	3 - 7 years
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment	3 - 20 years
Furniture and fixtures	3 - 7 years
Leasehold improvement	lesser of remaining useful life or remaining lease term

The Company reviews the estimated useful lives of its property and equipment on a continuing basis. In evaluating the useful lives, the Company considers how long assets will remain functionally effective, whether the technology continues to be relevant and considers other competitive and economic factors. If the assessment indicates that the assets will be used for a shorter or longer period than previously anticipated, the useful life of the assets is adjusted, resulting in a change in estimate. Changes in estimates are accounted for on a prospective basis by depreciating the current carrying values of the assets over their revised remaining useful lives.

The review performed by the Company in the current year indicated that certain pieces of lab equipment would be functional for a longer term than previously estimated and as a result, the Company increased the useful lives of these assets from 7 to 15 years. This change was effective and accounted for prospectively beginning in Q3 2022. The effect of this change in useful life estimate did not result in a material change to depreciation expense.

Construction in progress ("CIP") is not depreciated until the asset is placed in service.

9

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the carrying amount of the asset. The Company has not recognized any impairment losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Leases

The Company accounts for its lease agreements in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases. Right-of-use lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and the lease obligations represent the commitment to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use lease assets and obligations are recognized based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s existing lease agreements do not provide an implicit rate and as the Company does not have any external borrowings, the Company has used an estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement in determining the present value of lease payments.  Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is recognized in the period in which the obligation for the payment is incurred. In addition, the Company also has made an accounting policy election to exclude leases with an initial term of twelve months or less from its balance sheet and to account for lease and non-lease components of its operating leases as a single component.

For lease arrangements where it has been determined that the Company has control over an asset that is under construction and is thus considered the accounting owner of the asset during the construction period, the Company records a construction in progress asset and corresponding financial obligation on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Once the construction is complete, an assessment is performed to determine whether the lease meets certain sale-leaseback criteria. If the sale-leaseback criteria are determined to be met, the Company will remove the asset and related financial obligation from the condensed consolidated balance sheet and treat the lease as either an operating or finance lease based on an assessment of the guidance. If, upon completion of construction, the project does not meet the "sale-leaseback" criteria, the lease will be treated as a financing obligation and the Company will depreciate the asset over its estimated useful life for financial reporting purposes once the asset has been placed into service.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred in performing research and development activities. These costs include employee compensation costs, facilities and overhead, preclinical and clinical activities, clinical manufacturing costs, contract management services, regulatory and other related costs.

The Company estimates contract research and clinical trials materials manufacturing expenses based on the services performed pursuant to contracts with research organizations and manufacturing organizations that manufacture materials used in the Company’s ongoing preclinical and clinical studies. Non-refundable advanced payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. The capitalized amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed.

In accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. These estimates are based on communications with the third-party service providers and the Company’s estimates of accrued expenses using information available at each balance sheet date. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company applies the fair value recognition provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"), to account for stock-based compensation. Compensation costs related to stock options granted are based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant.

ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments, including grants of stock options and restricted stock, to be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on their grant-date fair values. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis based on the grant-date fair value over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term.

The Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including: (i) the expected stock price volatility; (ii) the expected term of the award; (iii) the risk-free interest rate; and (iv) expected dividends. Once the Company's own sufficient historical volatility data was

10

obtained, the Company eliminated the use of a representative peer group and began using only its own historical volatility data in its estimate of expected volatility.

The Company estimates the expected term of its stock options using the “simplified” method, whereby the expected term equals the arithmetic mean of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the option. The risk-free interest rates are based on US Treasury securities with a maturity date commensurate with the expected term of the associated award. The Company has never paid and does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the financial statements is based on awards for which service conditions are expected to be satisfied.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions from non-owner sources. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities is a component of other comprehensive gains or losses. We have not recorded any reclassifications from other comprehensive gains or losses to net loss during any period presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other accounting standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. The Company does not believe that the adoption of recently issued standards have or may have a material impact on the condensed consolidated statements or disclosures.

3.    Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common share equivalents consist of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards. There were 3,565,110 and 1,900,638 common share equivalents outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, in the form of stock options and unvested restricted stock awards, that have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share as their effect would be anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(29,850)	$	(15,589)	$	(107,923)	$	(47,764)
Denominator:
Weighted-average basic and    diluted common shares	25,619,125		22,212,266		25,428,097		21,893,656
Basic and diluted net loss per    common share	$	(1.17)	$	(0.70)	$	(4.24)	$	(2.18)

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4.    Fair Value Instruments

The following tables show the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities by significant investment category as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (in thousands):

	September 30, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Marketable Securities (1)		Long-term Marketable Securities (2)
Level 1:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	186,409	$	—	$	—	$	186,409	$	186,409	$	—	$	—
Subtotal	186,409		—		—		186,409		186,409		—		—
Level 2:
Commercial paper	52,777		2		(41)		52,738		—		52,738		—
Corporate bonds	94,415		—		(886)		93,529		—		87,291		6,238
U.S. government agency securities	74,824		36		(559)		74,301		—		67,982		6,319
Subtotal	222,016		38		(1,486)		220,568		—		208,011		12,557
Total	$	408,425	$	38	$	(1,486)	$	406,977	$	186,409	$	208,011	$	12,557

	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Marketable Securities (1)		Long-term Marketable Securities (2)
Level 1:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	341,246	$	—	$	—	$	341,246	$	341,246	$	—	$	—
Subtotal	341,246		—		—		341,246		341,246		—		—
Level 2:
Commercial paper	40,469		1		(4)		40,466		—		40,466		—
Corporate bonds	83,300		10		(114)		83,196		—		35,768		47,428
U.S. government agency securities	37,621		—		(62)		37,559		—		20,616		16,943
Subtotal	161,390		11		(180)		161,221		—		96,850		64,371
Total	$	502,636	$	11	$	(180)	$	502,467	$	341,246	$	96,850	$	64,371

(1)The Company’s short-term marketable securities mature in one year or less.

(2)The Company's long-term marketable securities mature between one year and two years.

See Note 2 to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional discussion regarding the Company’s fair value measurements.

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5.    Balance Sheet Components

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Construction in progress	$	130,071	$	104,340
Leasehold improvements	21,503		5,723
Furniture and fixtures	949		891
Computer equipment and software	96		85
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment	10,968		5,530
Total property and equipment	163,587		116,569
Accumulated depreciation	(5,801)		(4,214)
Property and equipment, net	$	157,786	$	112,355

Depreciation expense was $669 thousand and $1.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $474 thousand and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accrued construction in progress	$	10,905	$	9,606
Accrued professional fees	2,960		2,011
Accrued payroll and benefits	3,934		2,882
Accrued preclinical and clinical expenses	2,325		1,602
Accrued financing costs	10		26
Accrued taxes	122		83
Other current liabilities	468		87
Total	$	20,724	$	16,297

6.    Commitments and Contingencies

Significant Contracts and Agreements

Lease Agreements

On May 26, 2016, the Company signed an operating lease for laboratory and office space that commenced in June 2016 and was scheduled to expire on October 31, 2017 (the “2016 Lease”). The 2016 Lease has been amended several times to increase the area leased, which currently consists of approximately 47,000 square feet and includes the commercial scale cGMP-compliant manufacturing facility, ANCORIS. As a result of the lease amendments, the 2016 Lease expiration date was extended to October 31, 2031. On September 30, 2022, the Company amended the 2016 Lease ("Short-Term Amendment") to add a short-term lease for additional office space that commenced on October 1, 2022 and expires on September 30, 2023. The amendment increased the area leased by approximately 7,000 square feet through September 30, 2023, resulting in a total area leased of approximately 54,000 square feet.

On December 26, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a second commercial gene therapy facility ("ASTRA") in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area ("ASTRA lease") with Northfield I, LLC (the "Landlord", "Northfield", or "Lessor") with an initial lease term that expired on October 31, 2035. The ASTRA lease contained an option ("Purchase Option") to purchase the building, related improvements and take corresponding assignment of the Landlord's rights under its existing Ground Lease (the "Ground Lease").

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On October 5, 2020, the Company was provided with notice that the initial delivery conditions of the building had been met, including completion of the building shell, interior slab, and exterior doors, and on October 15, 2020, the Company gave the Landlord notice of its intent to purchase ASTRA for approximately $9.4 million, subject to the parties entering into a commercially reasonable purchase and sale agreement. As a result of the Company's ability to exercise its option to purchase ASTRA, the Company obtained control over the construction in progress of ASTRA as of October 5, 2020. The Company recorded a $10.0 million CIP asset and a corresponding build to suit lease liability related to the costs incurred by the Landlord, offset by the previous cash contributions of $2.4 million.

On January 29, 2021, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement ("PSA") for ASTRA with Northfield related to the purchase option exercised by the Company on October 15, 2020, for a purchase price of $9.4 million. The Company held approximately $1.5 million on deposit with Northfield under the existing lease agreement and applied this deposit as a credit against the purchase price at closing. On February 1, 2021, Northfield delivered the space as substantially complete and made the space available for access by the Company, thus triggering lease commencement. As a result, the Company concluded that this transaction did not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting because it did not meet the definition of a sale. As control did not transfer to the Lessor at lease commencement, the transaction continued to be accounted for as construction in progress and a financing obligation. On March 5, 2021, the purchase closed and the Company determined that reclassification of the construction in progress to buildings and leasehold improvements was not appropriate as the interior of the building was not yet ready for its intended use. The building continues to be held under construction in progress as of September 30, 2022. The interior of the building is currently under construction and is expected to be completed in 1H 2023. From construction completion to the closing of the purchase, the Company recognized interest expense to accrete the financial obligation to a balance that equaled the cash consideration that was paid upon the close of purchase. For more information about the expected construction costs associated with ASTRA, see "ASTRA Contractual Obligations" below.

As part of the transaction, the Company also became the accounting owner of the Ground Lease, due to obtaining control over ASTRA, and recorded the applicable operating right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability as of October 5, 2020. When the PSA was finalized, the Company took assignment of the Lessor's Ground Lease, in accordance with the Purchase Option, of which lease payments are based on annual payments of $82 thousand, and are subject to a cumulative 10% escalation clause every 5 years through 2071.

On December 15, 2021, the Company entered into a 3 year lease agreement for the Boston, Massachusetts office that commenced in January 2022 and expires in January 2025.

On May 16, 2022, the Company entered into a 16 month lease agreement for the Zug, Switzerland office that commenced on September 1, 2022 and expires December 31, 2023.

As of September 30, 2022, future minimum commitments under the Company’s operating leases with lease terms in excess of 12 months were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
2022 (remaining three months)	$	404
2023	1,640
2024	1,539
2025	1,277
2026	1,277
Thereafter	12,062
Future minimum operating lease payments	$	18,199
Less: Interest	9,077
Present value of lease liability	$	9,122

Due to the Short-Term Amendment not exceeding twelve months, the Company has not recorded a right-of-use asset or corresponding lease liability for the amendment as of September 30, 2022. Future minimum remaining operating lease payments under this amendment are $40 thousand and $121 thousand for the years ending December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

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Supplemental condensed consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Operating leases:
Right-of-use assets	$	8,253		$	7,228
Current portion of lease liability	1,547			1,041
Lease liability	7,575			6,983
Total lease liability	$	9,122		$	8,024
Weighted average remaining lease term, in years	12.6			14.4
Weighted average discount rate	9.4		%	9.5		%

The components of the Company's lease expense are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Lease cost:
Operating lease expense	$	399	$	339	$	1,200	$	836
Variable lease expense	48		65		168		183
Total lease expense	$	447	$	404	$	1,368	$	1,019

Agreements with Contract Manufacturing Organizations and Contract Research Organizations

The Company enters into various agreements in the normal course of business with Contract Research Organizations ("CROs"), Contract Manufacturing Organizations ("CMOs") and other third parties for preclinical research studies, clinical trials and testing and manufacturing services. The agreements with CMOs relate to the manufacturing of sterile gel that is mixed with in-house produced vectors as part of the final drug product applied in certain of our clinical trials. These agreements may also include research and development activities, storage, packaging, labeling, and/or testing of our preclinical and clinical-stage products. The Company is obligated to make milestone payments under certain of these agreements. The estimated remaining commitment as of September 30, 2022 under these agreements is approximately $2.4 million. The Company may also be responsible for the payment of a monthly service fee for project management services for the duration of any agreements. The Company has incurred expenses under these agreements of $2.1 million and $5.1 million for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $744 thousand and $3.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Commercial Preparedness Activities

The Company has contracted with various third parties to facilitate, coordinate and perform agreed upon commercial preparedness and market research activities relating to our lead product candidate. These contracts typically call for the payment of fees for services upon the achievement of certain milestones. The estimated remaining commitment as of September 30, 2022 is $6.2 million. The Company has incurred expenses under these activities of $3.2 million and $9.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $1.8 million and $4.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

ASTRA Contractual Obligations

The Company has contracted with various third parties to complete the interior build-out of our second cGMP facility, ASTRA. Additionally, the Company has entered into various non-cancellable purchase agreements for long-lead materials to help avoid potential schedule disruptions or material shortages. These contracts typically call for the payment of fees for services or materials upon the achievement of certain milestones. The estimated remaining commitment as of September 30, 2022 is $10.3 million. The Company has included costs incurred to-date associated with ASTRA within construction in progress as of September 30, 2022.

On June 30, 2021, the Company entered into a Standard Form of Contract for Construction and the corresponding General Conditions of the Contract for Construction (collectively, the “Agreement”) with The Whiting-Turner Contracting Company (“Whiting-Turner”), pursuant to which Whiting-Turner is constructing and managing the interior construction of

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ASTRA. Subject to certain conditions in the Agreement, the Company will pay Whiting-Turner a contract price consisting of the cost of work plus a fee equal to 1.75% of the cost of work.

Effective September 13, 2021, the Company entered into a guaranteed maximum price amendment (the "Amendment") to the Agreement to set forth the guaranteed maximum price, as well as the date by which Whiting-Turner is to achieve Substantial Completion (as defined in the Agreement). Under the Amendment, the guaranteed maximum price to be paid by the Company is $84.1 million, subject to certain additions and deductions by change orders as provided by the Agreement. Whiting-Turner’s work under the Agreement represents a portion of the work necessary to complete construction of the ASTRA facility and, therefore the date of Substantial Completion of Whiting-Turner’s work under the Agreement does not equate to the date of completion of ASTRA. The guaranteed maximum price under the Agreement with Whiting-Turner constitutes only a portion of the total estimated cost of building and equipping ASTRA as there are various other third parties engaged in the project for which contracts are not individually material.

Legal Proceedings

On May 1, 2020, a complaint was filed against the Company in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania by PeriphaGen, Inc. ("PeriphaGen"), which also named our Chief Executive Officer and President, R&D, Krish Krishnan and Suma Krishnan, respectively. The complaint alleged breach of contract and misappropriation of trade secrets, which secrets the plaintiff asserted were used to develop our product candidates, including the vector backbones, and our STAR-D platform. The Company answered the complaint on June 26, 2020 by denying the allegations and brought a counterclaim asking the court to declare that the Company did not misappropriate PeriphaGen’s trade secrets or confidential information, and to further declare that the Company is the rightful and sole owner of our product candidates and STAR-D platform. In addition, the Company filed a third-party complaint against two principals of PeriphaGen, James Wechuck and David Krisky, alleging breach of contract and seeking contribution and indemnification from them in the event PeriphaGen is awarded damages.

On March 9, 2022, the court officially ordered the parties to attend mediation on March 11, 2022. During the course of the mediation process, the parties were able to exchange information, allowing the parties to value their positions. On March 12, 2022, the Company entered into a binding term sheet to settle the dispute. On April 27, 2022, the Company entered into a final settlement agreement and paid PeriphaGen an upfront payment of $25.0 million on April 28, 2022 for: (i) the release of all claims in the trade secret litigation with PeriphaGen; (ii) the acquisition of certain PeriphaGen assets, and (iii) the grant of a license by PeriphaGen for dermatological applications. Upon approval of the Company's first product by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Company will pay PeriphaGen an additional $12.5 million, followed by three additional $12.5 million contingent milestone payments upon reaching $100.0 million in total cumulative sales, $200.0 million in total cumulative sales and $300.0 million in total cumulative sales. As defined in the settlement agreement, cumulative sales shall include all revenue from sales of the Company products by the Company and its affiliates and licensees, as reported by the Company in its annual Form 10-K filings. If all milestones are achieved, the total consideration for settling the dispute, acquiring certain assets, and granting of a license from PeriphaGen will be $75.0 million.

The Company recorded the $25.0 million under litigation settlement expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The additional contingent milestone payments were not deemed probable due to uncertainty in the achievement of these milestones as of September 30, 2022, and therefore no additional accrual has been recorded.

The Company has received $0 and $768 thousand of insurance proceeds during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and Company recorded an additional $372 thousand as a receivable within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as management determined that the amount was probable of collection relating to legal defense costs and expenses associated with the PeriphaGen litigation. The reimbursements have been recorded as an offset to our legal fees included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and within operating activities on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

7.    Capitalization

Sale of Common Stock

The Company sells shares of common stock from time to time pursuant to its previously executed sales agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with Cowen and Company, LLC ("Cowen") with respect to an at-the-market equity offering program ("ATM Program") finalized on December 31, 2020, under which Cowen acts as the Company's agent and/or principal and may issue and sell from time to time, during the term of the Sales Agreement, shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price up to $150.0 million ("Placement Shares"). The issuance and sale of the Placement Shares by the Company under the Sales Agreement are made pursuant to the Company's effective "shelf" registration statement on Form S-3. During 2021, the

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Company issued and sold 262,500 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $66.50 per share for net proceeds of $16.9 million after deducting selling commissions of approximately $524 thousand. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued and sold 434,782 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $69.00 per share for net proceeds of $29.1 million after deducting selling commissions of approximately $900 thousand, resulting in a remaining $102.5 million available for issuance under the ATM Program.

On December 3, 2021, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 2,866,667 shares of its common stock, including 200,000 shares purchased by the underwriters pursuant to their option to purchase additional shares, at $75.00 per share. Net proceeds to the Company from the offering were $201.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $12.9 million, and other offering expenses payable by the Company of $227 thousand.

On February 1, 2021, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 2,211,538 shares of its common stock, including 288,461 shares purchased by the underwriters pursuant to their option to purchase additional shares, at $65.00 per share. Net proceeds to the Company from the offering were $134.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $8.6 million, and other offering expenses payable by the Company of $198 thousand.

8.    Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Options

Options granted to employees and non-employees vest ratably over four-year periods and stock options granted to directors of the company vest ratably over one-year to four-year periods. Stock options have a life of ten years.

The Company granted 189,000 and 1,913,000 stock options to employees and directors of the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 297,500 and 799,950 stock options to employees and directors of the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

The Company granted zero and 45,000 stock options to non-employees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 50,000 stock options to non-employees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity:

	Stock Options Outstanding	Weighted- average Exercise Price		Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) (1)
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	2,043,179	$	57.00	9.0	$	31,331
Granted	1,958,000	$	63.03
Exercised	(84,776)	$	46.28
Cancelled or forfeited	(412,892)	$	58.90
Expired	(5,001)	$	78.19
Outstanding at September 30, 2022	3,498,510	$	60.38	8.8	$	37,213
Exercisable at September 30, 2022	637,315	$	48.74	7.1	$	14,225

(1)Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing stock price of our common stock on September 30, 2022 and the exercise price of outstanding in-the-money options.

The total intrinsic value (the amount by which the fair market value exceeds the exercise price) of stock options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.3 million and $2.1 million, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $64 thousand and $872 thousand, respectively.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of options granted to employees, non-employees, and directors during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $49.59 and $43.66, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $34.85 and $43.31, respectively.

There was $105.5 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to employees', non-employees', and directors’ option awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years as of September 30, 2022.

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The Company has recorded aggregate stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of stock option awards in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Research and development	$	2,184	$	673	$	5,547	$	2,273
General and administrative	6,433		2,502		16,791		6,742
Total stock-based compensation	$	8,617	$	3,175	$	22,338	$	9,015

We capitalize the portion of stock-based compensation that relates to work performed on the construction of new buildings. There was $137 thousand and $423 thousand of stock-based compensation that was capitalized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $79 thousand and $182 thousand of stock-based compensation that was capitalized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

The fair value of options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Expected stock price volatility	78		%	73		%	78		%	73		%
Expected term of the award (years)	6.23			6.10			6.21			6.18
Risk-free interest rate	3.20		%	1.13		%	2.27		%	1.05		%
Weighted average exercise price	$	70.91		$	53.69		$	63.03		$	67.15
Forfeiture rate	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%

Restricted Stock Awards

Restricted stock awards ("RSAs") granted to employees vest ratably over a four-year period. The Company granted zero RSAs to employees of the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and zero and 98,800 RSAs to employees of the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested RSAs as of December 31, 2021	98,800	$	78.89
Granted	—	$	—
Vested	(14,321)	$	78.89
Surrendered or forfeited	(17,879)	$	78.89
Non-vested RSAs as of September 30, 2022	66,600	$	78.89

There was $4.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to employees’ awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years as of September 30, 2022.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to RSAs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
General and administrative	$	441	$	491	$	1,340	$	1,159
Total stock-based compensation	$	441	$	491	$	1,340	$	1,159

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Shares remaining available for grant under the Company’s stock incentive plan were 607,366, with a sublimit for incentive stock options of 7,223, at September 30, 2022.

9.    Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date, but prior to the issuance of the financial statements, to identify matters that require disclosure. The Company concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the audited financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. These statements relate to future events or to our future operating or financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Some of such factors include, but are not limited to:

•the initiation, timing, cost, progress and results, of our research and development activities, preclinical studies and clinical trials for B-VEC (previously “KB103” and now known as VyjuvekTM), KB105, KB104, KB407, KB408, KB301, KB303, and any other product candidates;

•the continuing impact that the COVID-19 pandemic and measures implemented to prevent its spread may have on our business operations, access to capital, research and development activities, and preclinical and clinical trials for our product candidates;

•the timing, scope or results of regulatory filings and approvals, including timing of final US Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), marketing and other regulatory approval of our product candidates;

•our ability to achieve certain accelerated or orphan drug designations from the FDA;

•changes in our estimates regarding the potential market opportunity for B-VEC, KB105, KB104, KB407, KB408, KB301, KB303 and any other product candidates;

•our ability to raise capital to fund our operations;

•increased costs associated with our research and development programs for our product candidates;

•our general and administrative expenses;

•risks related to our ability to successfully develop and commercialize our product candidates, including B-VEC, KB105, KB104, KB407, KB408, KB301, KB303 and our other product candidates;

•our ability to identify and develop new product candidates;

•our ability to identify, recruit and retain key personnel;

•risks related to our marketing and manufacturing capabilities and strategy;

•our business model and strategic plans for our business, product candidates and technology;

•the cost of building a medical affairs and commercial organization, including a sales force in anticipation of commercialization of B-VEC and any additional product candidates;

•the rate and degree of market acceptance and clinical utility of our product candidates and gene therapy, in general;

•our competitive position and the success of competing therapies;

•our intellectual property position and our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property;

•our financial performance;

•our ability to establish and maintain collaborations or obtain additional funding;

•our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements and needs for or ability to obtain additional financing;

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•our ability to successfully avoid or resolve any litigation, intellectual property or other claims, that may be brought against us;

•global economic conditions, including the recent rise in inflation and interest rates; and

•the impact of changes in laws and regulations.

Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and in other filings we make with the SEC from time to time. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. You should read this Quarterly Report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Throughout this Form 10-Q, unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “Krystal,” “the Company,” we,” “our,” “us” or similar terms refer to Krystal Biotech, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

We are a biotechnology company focused on developing and commercializing genetic medicines for patients with rare diseases. Using our patented platform that is based on engineered HSV-1, we create vectors that efficiently deliver therapeutic transgenes to cells of interest in multiple organ systems. The cell’s own machinery then transcribes and translates the encoded effector to treat or prevent disease. We formulate our vectors for non-invasive or minimally invasive routes of administration at a healthcare professional’s office or potentially in the patient’s home by a healthcare professional. Our goal is to develop easy-to-use medicines to dramatically improve the lives of patients living with rare diseases and chronic conditions. Our innovative technology platform is supported by in-house, commercial scale cGMP manufacturing capabilities.

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Our Product Candidates

The following table summarizes information regarding our product candidates in various stages of clinical and preclinical development:

There can be no assurance that the upcoming milestones will be met on the expected timeline or at all.

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Pipeline Highlights and Recent Developments

Dermatology

Beremagene geperpavec ("B-VEC"), our lead product candidate is a topical gel containing our novel vector designed to deliver two copies of the COL7A1 transgene for the treatment of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa ("dystrophic EB" or "DEB"). DEB is a group of heritable skin diseases characterized by skin fragility, blister formation, milia, and scarring that affects approximately 10,000 patients worldwide. In June 2022, we filed a Biologics License Application ("BLA") with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") seeking approval of B-VEC for the treatment of patients with dystrophic EB with a request for six-month priority review. In August 2022, the FDA accepted the BLA and granted priority review with a Prescription Drug User Fee Act target date of February 17, 2023. In September 2022, we were informed that Vyjuvek (our priority name for B-VEC) was acceptable to the FDA. In September 2022, we received a positive opinion from the European Medical Agency (EMA) Pediatric Committee on the Pediatric Investigation Plan for B-VEC for the treatment of DEB with no additional studies required. We also plan to submit a market authorization application, or MAA, to the European Medicines Agency, or the EMA, in Q4 2022. We have exclusive, worldwide commercialization rights for B-VEC.

KB105 is a topical gel containing our novel vector designed to deliver two copies of the TGM1 transgene for the treatment of TGM1-deficient autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis ("TGM1-ARCI"), a serious rare skin disorder caused by missing or mutated TGM1 protein. A randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 1/2 study is ongoing. In July 2021, we announced data from the fourth patient dosed in the trial, showing repeat topical KB105 dosing continued to be well tolerated with no adverse events or evidence of immune response. Faced with competing priorities during the BLA review cycle and initiation of the cystic fibrosis clinical program, the Company anticipates patient dosing in the ongoing Phase 1/2 clinical trial of KB105 for the treatment of TGM1-deficient autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in 1H 2023. Details of the Phase 1/2 study can be found at www.clinicaltrials.gov under NCT identifier NCT04047732.

KB104 is a topical gel formulation of our novel vector designed to deliver two copies of the SPINK5 transgene for the treatment of Netherton Syndrome, a debilitating autosomal recessive skin disorder caused by missing or mutated SPINK5 protein. We expect to initiate a Phase 1 clinical study in the first half of 2023.

Respiratory

KB407 is an inhaled (nebulized) formulation of our novel vector designed to deliver two copies of the full-length cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ("CFTR") transgene for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, a serious rare lung disease caused by missing or mutated CFTR gene. In August 2022, we announced that the FDA had accepted our KB407 Investigational New Drug ("IND") application. We plan to initiate a Phase 1 clinical study ("CORAL-1/US study") of inhaled KB407 in patients with cystic fibrosis ("CF") in the U.S. in the fourth quarter of 2022. Details of the Phase 1 study can be found at www.clinicaltrials.gov under NCT identifier NCT05095246. Previously, in September 2021, we announced that the Bellberry Human Research Ethics Committee in Australia granted approval to conduct a Phase 1 clinical study ("CORAL-1/AU study") of inhaled KB407 in patients with CF. We have begun screening patients for enrollment in the CORAL-1/AU study and plan to initiate dosing in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Aesthetics

We are also leveraging the ability of our platform to deliver proteins of interest to cells in the skin in the context of aesthetic medicine via our wholly-owned subsidiary Jeune Aesthetics, Inc. ("Jeune"). Jeune's leading product candidate, KB301, is a novel vector for intradermal injection designed to deliver two copies of the COL3A1 transgene to address signs of aging or damaged skin caused by declining levels of, or damaged proteins within the extracellular matrix, including type III collagen. On March 22, 2022, we announced positive proof-of-concept efficacy data from Cohort 2 of the PEARL-1 study of KB301. Details of the Phase 1 study can be found at www.clinicaltrials.gov under NCT identifier NCT04540900. In Q2 2022, subjects from the PEARL-1 Cohort 2 trial were enrolled in a durability trial to evaluate duration of treatment effect, reduction of the unevenness in placebo treated sites, and long term safety monitoring. We anticipate announcing data from the durability trial in Q4 2022. The Company intends to start a Phase 2 clinical study (PEARL-2) for the treatment of wrinkles and improvements in skin quality attributes in 1H 2023 following agreement with the FDA on measurement of primary efficacy endpoints.

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Jeune has several other aesthetic medicine product candidates in various stages of preclinical development as reflected in the chart above.

Business Highlights and Recent Developments

•In October 2022, following our mid-cycle BLA review of B-VEC, we were informed that the FDA does not plan to hold an Advisory Committee meeting and has not identified a need for Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) for this application.

•In August 2022, we incorporated Krystal Biotech Netherlands, B.V., for the purpose of establishing operations in Europe.

COVID-19 Update

To date the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and clinical trials in the U.S. has been minimal. We will continue to assess the potential impact of the pandemic on our business and operations, including our supply chain and preclinical and clinical trial activities. Outside of the U.S., we have experienced pandemic-related delays in clinical trial initiation in Australia, and we will continue to closely monitor the impact that future pandemic developments have on this and our other clinical trials, going forward. For additional information regarding the impact of the coronavirus pandemic, please see "Risk Factor - Business interruptions resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak or similar public health crises could cause a disruption of the development efforts of our product candidates and adversely impact our business." in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Financial Overview

Revenue

We currently have no approved products for commercial marketing or sale and have not generated any revenue from the sale of products or other sources to date. In the future, we may generate revenue from product sales, royalties on product sales, or license fees, milestones, or other upfront payments if we enter into any collaborations or license agreements. We expect that our future revenue will fluctuate from quarter to quarter for many reasons, including the uncertain timing and amount of any such sales.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred to advance our preclinical and clinical candidates, which include:

•expenses incurred under agreements with contract manufacturing organizations, consultants and other vendors that conduct our preclinical activities;

•costs of acquiring, developing and manufacturing clinical trial materials and lab supplies;

•facility costs, depreciation and other expenses, which include direct expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and other supplies; and

•payroll related expenses, including stock-based compensation expense.

We expense internal research and development costs to operations as incurred. We expense third-party costs for research and development activities, such as the manufacturing of preclinical and clinical materials, based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks such as manufacturing of drug substance, fill/finish and stability testing, which is provided to us by our vendors.

We expect our research and development expenses will increase as we continue the manufacturing of preclinical and clinical materials and manage the clinical trials of, and seek regulatory approval for, our product candidates and expand our product portfolio. In the near term, we expect that our research and development expenses will increase as we continue our open label extension study for B-VEC, resume dosing with KB105 Phase 1/2 clinical trial, initiate a Phase 2 trial for KB301, initiate a Phase 1 trial for KB407, initiate a Phase 1 trial for KB104, and incur preclinical expenses for our other product candidates. Due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development, we cannot determine with certainty the duration, costs and timing of clinical trials, and, as a result, the actual costs to complete clinical trials may exceed the expected costs. 

General and Administrative Expenses

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General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and other related costs, including stock-based compensation for personnel in our executive, commercial, business development and other administrative functions. General and administrative expenses also include professional fees associated with corporate and intellectual property-related legal expenses, consulting and accounting services, facility-related costs and expenses associated with obtaining and maintaining patents. Other general and administrative costs include travel expenses.

We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future to support the continued research and development of our product candidates and to operate as a public company. These increases will likely include increased costs for insurance, costs related to the hiring of additional personnel and payments to outside consultants, lawyers and accountants, among other expenses. Additionally, we anticipate that we will increase our salary and personnel costs and other expenses as a result of our preparation for commercial operations.

ASTRA Capital Expenditures

On March 5, 2021, we closed on the purchase of the building that was constructed to house our second cGMP facility, ASTRA. We are currently in the process of constructing the interior build-out of this facility and we have entered into a contract with Whiting-Turner who manages the construction of ASTRA. Further, we have entered into various non-cancellable purchase agreements for long-lead materials to help avoid potential schedule disruptions or material shortages. These contracts typically call for the payment of fees for services or materials upon the achievement of certain milestones. We expect to continue to incur significant capital expenditures related to ASTRA as we construct the facility, which is expected to be completed in 1H 2023.

Interest Income  

Interest income consists primarily of income earned from our cash, cash equivalents and investments.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of non-cash interest expense recognized to accrete the build to suit financial obligation to a balance that equaled the cash consideration that was paid upon the close of the purchase of ASTRA.

Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments and Estimates

There have been no significant changes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 to our critical accounting policies, significant judgments and estimates as disclosed in our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
(In thousands)	(unaudited)
Expenses
Research and development	$	11,516	$	6,080	$	5,436
General and administrative	19,935		9,572		10,363
Total operating expenses	31,451		15,652		15,799
Loss from operations	(31,451)		(15,652)		(15,799)
Other Income (Expense)
Interest and other income, net	1,601		63		1,538
Net loss	$	(29,850)	$	(15,589)	$	(14,261)

Research and Development Expenses 

Research and development expenses increased $5.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. Higher research and development expenses were due to increased preclinical, clinical and pre-commercial manufacturing activities of $635 thousand, increased payroll related expenses of $3.0 million, which were primarily driven by an increase in headcount to support overall growth, and includes a $1.5 million increase in stock-based compensation, an increase in outsourced research and development activities of $1.0 million and increased other research and development expenses of $842 thousand, primarily due to depreciation, license and regulatory fees, and software related costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $10.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. Higher general and administrative spending was due largely to increases in payroll related expenses of approximately $7.7 million, which was primarily driven by an increase in headcount in our executive, commercial, and other administrative functions to support overall growth, and includes a $3.9 million increase in stock-based compensation, increased commercial preparedness expenses of approximately $922 thousand, a net increase of $804 thousand, which consists of a decreased legal and professional fees of $766 thousand offset by a decrease in litigation proceeds of approximately $1.6 million, due primarily to the settlement of the PeriphaGen litigation, increased travel related activities of $140 thousand, an increase in medical affairs costs of $159 thousand, and increased other administrative expenses of $1.2 million, primarily due to increased utilities, taxes, and IT costs. These increases were offset by a net decrease in business development costs of $351 thousand and a decrease in software related costs of $202 thousand.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest and other income for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $1.6 million and $63 thousand, respectively, and consisted of interest and dividend income earned from our cash, cash equivalents and investments. The increase in interest and dividend income is the result of increased investment activity and increased interest rates.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
(In thousands)	(unaudited)
Expenses
Research and development	$	31,720	$	18,875	$	12,845
General and administrative	53,705		27,524		26,181
Litigation settlement	25,000		—		25,000
Total operating expenses	110,425		46,399		64,026
Loss from operations	(110,425)		(46,399)		(64,026)
Other Income (Expense)
Interest and other income, net	2,502		127		2,375
Interest expense	—		(1,492)		1,492
Net loss	$	(107,923)	$	(47,764)	$	(60,159)

Research and Development Expenses 

Research and development expenses increased $12.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Higher research and development expenses were due to an increase in preclinical, clinical and pre-commercial manufacturing activities of $3.2 million, increased payroll related expenses of $6.4 million, which were primarily driven by an increase in headcount to support overall growth, and includes a $3.3 million increase in stock-based compensation, increased outsourced research and development activities of $1.9 million and an increase in other research and development expenses of approximately $1.4 million, primarily due to software related costs and rent and depreciation.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $26.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Higher general and administrative spending was due largely to increases in payroll related expenses of approximately $19.8 million, which was primarily driven by an increase in headcount in our executive, commercial, business development and other administrative functions to support overall growth, and includes a $10.2 million increase in stock-based compensation, commercial preparedness expenses of approximately $4.1 million, medical affairs costs of $495 thousand, increased travel related activities of $329 thousand, increased software related costs of $92 thousand, and other administrative expenses of $2.2 million, primarily due to rent, utilities, taxes, recruiting and conference expenses. These increases were offset by a net decrease of $845 thousand, which consists of a decrease in legal and professional fees of $1.8 million offset by an increase in litigation proceeds of approximately $993 thousand, due primarily to the settlement of the PeriphaGen litigation.

Litigation settlement

Litigation settlement for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $25.0 million and zero, respectively, and consisted of the settlement of litigation with PeriphaGen. See "Legal Proceedings" in Note 6 of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for more information.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest and other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $2.5 million and $127 thousand, respectively, and consisted of interest and dividend income earned from our cash, cash equivalents and investments. The increase in interest and dividend income is the result of increased investment activity and increased interest rates.

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was zero and $1.5 million, respectively, and related to accretion of the financial obligation for the build to suit lease liability during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to a balance that equaled the purchase consideration for ASTRA.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

At September 30, 2022, our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balance was approximately $394.4 million. Since operations began, we have incurred operating losses. Our net losses were $29.9 million and $107.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $15.6 million and $47.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. At September 30, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $248.7 million. With the net proceeds raised from our previous public and our ability to issue additional shares under our current ATM program, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of September 30, 2022 will be sufficient to allow us to fund operations for at least 12 months from the filing date of this Form 10-Q.

As we continue to incur losses, a transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful development, approval and commercialization of our product candidates and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support our cost structure. Furthermore, we expect to incur increasing costs associated with satisfying regulatory and quality standards, maintaining product and clinical trials, and furthering our efforts around our current and future product candidates. We may never achieve profitability, and unless and until we do, we will continue to need to raise additional capital or obtain financing from other sources.

Costs related to clinical trials can be unpredictable and therefore there can be no guarantee that we will have sufficient capital to fund our continued clinical studies of B-VEC, KB105, KB301 or our planned clinical and preclinical studies for our other product candidates, or our operations. Further, we do not expect to generate any product revenues until 1Q 2023, at the earliest, assuming we receive marketing approval for B-VEC on the schedule we currently contemplate. While we are in the process of building out our internal vector manufacturing capacity, some of our manufacturing activities will be contracted out to third parties. Additionally, we currently utilize third-party contract research organizations to carry out some of our clinical development activities. As we seek to obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, we expect to continue to incur significant manufacturing and commercialization expenses as we prepare for product sales, marketing, commercial manufacturing, packaging, labeling and distribution. Furthermore, pursuant to our settlement agreement with PeriphaGen, we will be required to pay $12.5 million upon the approval of our first product by the FDA, followed by three additional $12.5 million contingent milestone payments upon reaching $100.0 million in total cumulative sales, $200.0 million in total cumulative sales and $300.0 million in total cumulative sales. Our funds may not be sufficient to enable us to conduct pivotal clinical trials for, seek marketing approval for or commercially launch B-VEC, KB105, KB301 or any other product candidate. Accordingly, to obtain marketing approval for and to commercialize these or any other product candidates, we may be required to obtain further funding through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaboration and licensing arrangements or other sources. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all. Our failure to raise capital when needed could have a negative effect on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy.

Operating Capital Requirements

Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be for the near future, compensation and related expenses, manufacturing costs for preclinical and clinical materials, third-party clinical trial research and development services, laboratory and related supplies, clinical costs, legal and other regulatory expenses, payments of settlement amounts to PeriphaGen and general overhead costs. In order to complete the process of obtaining regulatory approval for any of our product candidates and to build the sales, manufacturing, marketing and distribution infrastructure that we believe will be necessary to commercialize our product candidates, if approved, we may require substantial additional funding.

We have based our projections of operating capital requirements on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect, and we may use all of our available capital resources sooner than we expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our operating capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

•the timeline and cost of our OLE study for B-VEC;

•the progress, timing and costs of our ongoing Phase 1/2 clinical trials for KB105;

•the progress, results and costs of our Phase 2 clinical trials for KB301;

•the progress, timing and costs of manufacturing of B-VEC;

•the continued development and the filing of an IND application for future product candidates;

•the initiation, scope, progress, timing, costs and results of drug discovery, laboratory testing, manufacturing, preclinical studies and clinical trials for any other product candidates that we may pursue in the future, if any;

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•the costs of maintaining our own commercial-scale cGMP manufacturing facilities;

•the outcome, timing and costs of seeking regulatory approvals;

•the costs associated with the manufacturing process development and evaluation of third-party manufacturers;

•the extent to which the costs of our product candidates, if approved, will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or will be reimbursed by government authorities, private health coverage insurers and other third-party payors;

•the costs of commercialization activities for our current and future product candidates if we receive marketing approval for such product candidates we may develop, including the costs and timing of establishing product sales, medical affairs, marketing, distribution and manufacturing capabilities;

•subject to receipt of marketing approval, if any, revenue received from commercial sale of our current and future product candidates;

•the terms and timing of any future collaborations, licensing, consulting or other arrangements that we may establish;

•the amount and timing of any payments we may be required to make, or that we may receive, in connection with the licensing, filing, prosecution, maintenance, defense and enforcement of any patents or other intellectual property rights, including milestone and royalty payments and patent prosecution fees that we are obligated to pay pursuant to our license agreements;

•our current license agreements remaining in effect and our achievement of milestones under those agreements;

•our ability to establish and maintain collaborations and licenses on favorable terms, if at all; and

•the extent to which we acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies.

We may need to obtain substantial additional funding in order to receive regulatory approval and to commercialize our product candidates. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities, the ownership interests of our existing stockholders may be materially diluted and the terms of these securities could include liquidation or other preferences that could adversely affect the rights of our existing stockholders. In addition, debt financing, if available, would result in increased fixed payment obligations and may involve agreements that include restrictive covenants that limit our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends, that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we could be forced to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of our product candidates, seek collaborators at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable or on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available, and relinquish or license, potentially on unfavorable terms, our rights to our product candidates that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves. 

Sources and Uses of Cash

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
	(unaudited)
Net cash used in operating activities	(78,240)		(27,038)
Net cash used in investing activities	(108,875)		(100,230)
Net cash provided by financing activities	32,278		145,613
Net increase (decrease) in cash	$	(154,837)	$	18,345

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $78.2 million and consisted primarily of a net loss of $107.9 million adjusted for non-cash items primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation expense of $26.4 million, and including net changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $3.2 million.

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Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $27.0 million and consisted primarily of a net loss of $47.8 million adjusted for non-cash items primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation expense of approximately $11.9 million and build to suit interest expense of $1.5 million, including net changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $7.1 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $108.9 million and consisted primarily of expenditures of $47.8 million on the build-out of our ASTRA facility, leasehold improvement of new office space, and purchases of computer and laboratory equipment, $214.7 million on the purchase of short-term and long-term investments, partially offset by proceeds of $153.6 million received from the maturities of short-term investments.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $100.2 million and consisted primarily of expenditures of $27.5 million on the build-out of our ASTRA facility, leasehold improvement of new office space, and purchases of computer and laboratory equipment, $83.8 million on the purchase of short-term and long-term investments, partially offset by proceeds of $11.0 million received from the maturities of short-term investments.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $32.3 million and consisted primarily of proceeds of $32.9 million received from our ATM Program and exercises of stock options and offset by $649 thousand used for the employee tax withholding payment for settlement of vested restricted stock awards.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we issued and sold 434,782 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $69.00 per share for net proceeds of $29.1 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $900 thousand.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we received proceeds of $3.6 million from the exercise of stock options.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $145.6 million and consisted primarily of proceeds of $153.6 million received from our ATM Program, a public offering, and exercises of stock options, partially offset by $8.0 million used for the purchase of the ASTRA building.

On February 1, 2021, we completed a public offering of 2,211,538 shares of our common stock at $65.00 per share. Net proceeds from the offering were $134.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $8.6 million and other offering expenses of approximately $198 thousand.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, pursuant to the ATM Program we issued 262,500 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $66.50 per share for net proceeds of $16.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $524 thousand. We also incurred $172 thousand of other offering expenses related to the ATM Program.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we received proceeds of $1.9 million from the exercise of stock options.

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ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $394.4 million at September 30, 2022, which consist primarily of money market, bank deposits, commercial paper, corporate bonds, and government agency securities. The investments in these financial instruments are made in accordance with an investment policy which specifies the categories, allocations and ratings of securities we may consider for investment. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income we receive without significantly increasing risk. Some of the financial instruments in which we invest could be subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the value of the instruments to fluctuate. For example, if we purchase a security that was issued with a fixed interest rate and the prevailing interest rate later rises, the value of that security will probably decline. To minimize this risk, we intend to maintain a portfolio which may include cash, cash equivalents and short and long-term investment securities available-for-sale in a variety of securities which may include money market funds, government and non-government debt securities and commercial paper, all with various maturity dates. Based on our current investment portfolio, we do not believe that our results of operations or our financial position would be materially affected by an immediate change of 10% in interest rates.

We do not hold or issue derivatives, derivative commodity instruments or other financial instruments for speculative trading purposes. Further, we do not believe our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments have a significant risk of default or illiquidity. While we believe our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments do not contain excessive risk, we cannot provide absolute assurance that the investments we make in the future will not be subject to adverse changes in market value. Our cash, cash equivalents and short and long-term investments are recorded at fair value.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Accounting Officer, with the participation of other members of the Company’s management, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, and our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Accounting Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective based on their evaluation of these controls and procedures as required by paragraph (b) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In 2021, we implemented the first phase of our enterprise resource planning software, Microsoft Dynamics D365 (“Dynamics”), as part of a plan to integrate and upgrade our systems and processes. The implementation of this software is scheduled to continue in phases over a number of years as the Company grows and as we move towards commercialization of our initial product candidate, B-VEC. As the phased implementation of this system occurs, we expect certain changes to our processes and procedures which, in turn, will result in changes to our internal control over financial reporting. We expect Dynamics to continue to strengthen our internal financial controls. Management will continue to evaluate and monitor our internal controls as processes and procedures in each of the affected areas evolve. As we are still in the process of implementing these additional phases, no change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information set forth under the heading “Legal Proceedings” in Note 6 of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Form 10-Q is incorporated by reference in response to this item.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

As disclosed in "Summary Risk Factors" and "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022, there are a number of risks and uncertainties that may have a material effect on the operating results of our business and our financial condition. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in such filing.

ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number
31.1	Certification of Periodic Report by Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Periodic Report by Chief Accounting Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language). The following materials from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022, are formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) consolidated balance sheets of Krystal Biotech, Inc., (ii) consolidated statements of operations of Krystal Biotech, Inc., (iii) consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) of Krystal Biotech, Inc., (iv) consolidated statements of changes in equity of Krystal Biotech, Inc., (v) consolidated statements of cash flows of Krystal Biotech, Inc. and (vi) notes to consolidated financial statements of Krystal Biotech, Inc. The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL.

33

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		KRYSTAL BIOTECH, INC.
		(Registrant)
Date: November 7, 2022	By:	/s/ Krish S. Krishnan
		Krish S. Krishnan
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal executive officer)
	By:	/s/ Kathryn A. Romano
		Kathryn A. Romano
		Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal financial and accounting officer)

34

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Krish S. Krishnan, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Krystal Biotech, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the Condensed financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

c.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 7, 2022	By:	/s/ Krish S. Krishnan
		Krish S. Krishnan
		President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF ACCOUNTING OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Kathryn A. Romano, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Krystal Biotech, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the Condensed financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

c.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 7, 2022	By:	/s/ Kathryn A. Romano
		Kathryn A. Romano
		Chief Accounting Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF ACCOUNTING OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Krish S. Krishnan, Chief Executive Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2022, (the “Periodic Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Krystal Biotech, Inc.

Date: November 7, 2022	By:	/s/ Krish S. Krishnan
		Krish S. Krishnan
		President and Chief Executive Officer

I, Kathryn A. Romano, Chief Accounting Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2022, (the “Periodic Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Krystal Biotech, Inc.

Date: November 7, 2022	By:	/s/ Kathryn A. Romano
		Kathryn A. Romano
		Chief Accounting Officer

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Oct. 31, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38210
Entity Registrant Name	Krystal Biotech, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	82-1080209
Entity Address, Address Line One	2100 Wharton Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 701
Entity Address, City or Town	Pittsburgh
Entity Address, State or Province	PA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	15203
City Area Code	412
Local Phone Number	586-5830
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	KRYS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		25,747,647
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Central Index Key	0001711279
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 186,409	$ 341,246
Short-term investments	208,011	96,850
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,158	4,171
Total current assets	397,578	442,267
Property and equipment, net	157,786	112,355
Long-term investments	12,557	64,371
Right-of-use assets	8,253	7,228
Other non-current assets	205	74
Total assets	576,379	626,295
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	5,761	8,398
Current portion of lease liability	1,547	1,041
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	20,724	16,297
Total current liabilities	28,032	25,736
Lease liability	7,575	6,983
Total liabilities	35,607	32,719
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock; $0.00001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized at    September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; 2,061,773    shares issued, and no shares outstanding at September 30, 2022    and December 31, 2021	0	0
Common stock; $0.00001 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized a September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; 25,709,664 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022; and 25,207,985 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	790,954	734,523
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,475)	(163)
Accumulated deficit	(248,707)	(140,784)
Total stockholders' equity	540,772	593,576
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 576,379	$ 626,295

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	20,000,000	20,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	2,061,773	2,061,773
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, shares authorized	80,000,000	80,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	25,709,664	25,207,985
Common stock, shares outstanding	25,709,664	25,207,985

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Expenses
Research and development	$ 11,516	$ 6,080	$ 31,720	$ 18,875
General and administrative	19,935	9,572	53,705	27,524
Litigation settlement	0	0	25,000	0
Total operating expenses	31,451	15,652	110,425	46,399
Loss from operations	(31,451)	(15,652)	(110,425)	(46,399)
Other Income (Expense)
Interest and other income, net	1,601	63	2,502	127
Interest expense	0	0	0	(1,492)
Net loss	(29,850)	(15,589)	(107,923)	(47,764)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities and currency translation adjustment	70	7	(1,312)	(20)
Comprehensive loss	$ (29,780)	$ (15,582)	$ (109,235)	$ (47,784)
Net loss per common share: basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.70)	$ (4.24)	$ (2.18)
Net loss per common share: diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.70)	$ (4.24)	$ (2.18)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: basic	25,619,125	22,212,266	25,428,097	21,893,656
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: diluted	25,619,125	22,212,266	25,428,097	21,893,656

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		19,714,220
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 292,084	$ 0	$ 363,292	$ 6	$ (71,214)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock, net, (in shares)		2,489,837
Issuance of common stock, net	152,033		152,033
Stock-based compensation expense	2,350		2,350
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	(3)			(3)
Net loss	(15,812)				(15,812)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021		22,204,057
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2021	430,652	$ 0	517,675	3	(87,026)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		19,714,220
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	292,084	$ 0	363,292	6	(71,214)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	(20)
Net loss	(47,764)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021		22,237,984
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2021	408,237	$ 0	527,229	(14)	(118,978)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021		22,204,057
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2021	430,652	$ 0	517,675	3	(87,026)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock, net, (in shares)		975
Issuance of common stock, net	14		14
Stock-based compensation expense	4,261		4,261
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	(24)			(24)
Net loss	(16,363)				(16,363)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2021		22,205,032
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2021	418,540	$ 0	521,950	(21)	(103,389)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock, net, (in shares)		32,952
Issuance of common stock, net	1,534		1,534
Stock-based compensation expense	3,745		3,745
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	7			7
Net loss	(15,589)				(15,589)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021		22,237,984
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2021	408,237	$ 0	527,229	(14)	(118,978)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		25,207,985
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	593,576	$ 0	734,523	(163)	(140,784)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock, net, (in shares)		1,475
Issuance of common stock, net	55		55
Shares surrendered for taxes and forfeitures (in shares)		(10,379)
Shares surrendered for taxes and forfeitures	(649)		(649)
Stock-based compensation expense	6,571		6,571
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	(1,034)			(1,034)
Net loss	(49,965)				(49,965)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		25,199,081
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	548,554	$ 0	740,500	(1,197)	(190,749)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		25,207,985
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	593,576	$ 0	734,523	(163)	(140,784)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	(1,312)
Net loss	(107,923)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		25,709,664
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	540,772	$ 0	790,954	(1,475)	(248,707)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		25,199,081
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022	548,554	$ 0	740,500	(1,197)	(190,749)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock, net, (in shares)		472,706
Issuance of common stock, net	$ 30,748		30,748
Shares surrendered for taxes and forfeitures (in shares)	(7,500)
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 8,335		8,335
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	(348)			(348)
Net loss	(28,108)				(28,108)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		25,664,287
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	559,181	$ 0	779,583	(1,545)	(218,857)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock, net, (in shares)		45,377
Issuance of common stock, net	2,176		2,176
Stock-based compensation expense	9,195		9,195
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other	70			70
Net loss	(29,850)				(29,850)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		25,709,664
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 540,772	$ 0	$ 790,954	$ (1,475)	$ (248,707)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (107,923)	$ (47,764)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	2,966	1,985
Stock-based compensation expense	23,678	10,174
Loss on disposals of fixed assets	22	0
Non-cash interest expense	0	1,492
Other, net	(224)	(224)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,031	1,038
Other non-current assets	(31)	0
Lease liability	(459)	(240)
Accounts payable	(316)	(225)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	3,016	6,726
Net cash used in operating activities	(78,240)	(27,038)
Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(47,762)	(27,453)
Purchases of investments	(214,712)	(83,810)
Proceeds from maturities of investments	153,599	11,033
Net cash used in investing activities	(108,875)	(100,230)
Financing Activities
Issuance of common stock, net	32,927	153,573
Taxes paid related to settlement of restricted stock awards	(649)	0
Repayment of ASTRA build to suit liability	0	(7,960)
Net cash provided by financing activities	32,278	145,613
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(154,837)	18,345
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	341,246	268,269
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	186,409	286,614
Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Unpaid purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	15,305	23,213
Initial recognition of right-of-use assets	$ 1,556	$ 4,396

XML

Organization

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Organization

Organization

Krystal Biotech, Inc. (the “Company,” or “we” or other similar pronouns) commenced operations on April 15, 2016. On March 31, 2017, the Company converted from a California limited liability company to a Delaware C-corporation, and changed its name from Krystal Biotech LLC to Krystal Biotech, Inc. On June 19, 2018, the Company incorporated Krystal Australia Pty Ltd., an Australian proprietary limited company, a wholly-owned subsidiary, for the purpose of undertaking preclinical and clinical studies in Australia. On April 23, 2019, the Company incorporated Jeune Aesthetics, Inc., formerly known as Jeune, Inc. ("Jeune"), in Delaware, a wholly-owned subsidiary, for the purpose of undertaking preclinical and clinical studies for aesthetic skin conditions. On January 7, 2022 and August 25, 2022, the Company incorporated Krystal Biotech Switzerland GmbH and Krystal Biotech Netherlands, B.V., respectively, for the purpose of establishing initial operations in Europe for the development and commercialization of Krystal's pipeline.

We are a biotechnology company focused on developing and commercializing genetic medicines for patients with rare diseases. Using our patented platform that is based on engineered HSV-1, we create vectors that efficiently deliver therapeutic transgenes to cells of interest in multiple organ systems. The cell’s own machinery then transcribes and translates the encoded effector to treat or prevent disease. We formulate our vectors for non-invasive or minimally invasive routes of administration at a healthcare professional’s office or potentially in the patient’s home by a healthcare professional. Our goal is to develop easy-to-use medicines to dramatically improve the lives of patients living with rare diseases and chronic conditions. Our innovative technology platform is supported by in-house, commercial scale current good manufacturing practices ("cGMP") manufacturing capabilities.

Liquidity

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $248.7 million. With the net proceeds raised from its public offerings, the Company believes that its cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $394.4 million as of September 30, 2022 will be sufficient to allow the Company to fund its planned operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As the Company continues to incur losses, a transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful development, approval and commercialization of its product candidates and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support the Company’s cost structure. The Company may never achieve profitability and unless and until it does, the Company will continue to need to raise additional capital or obtain financing from other sources. Management intends to fund future operations through the sale of equity and debt financings and may also seek additional capital through arrangements with strategic partners or other sources. There can be no assurance that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all.

The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology industry, including but not limited to the failure of product candidates in clinical and preclinical studies, the development of competing product candidates or other technological innovations by competitors, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations and the ability to commercialize product candidates.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented, are reflected in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassified amounts have no impact on the Company’s previously reported financial position or results of operation.

The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022.

Risks and Uncertainties

The coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic has resulted, and is likely to continue to result, in significant national and global economic uncertainty and may adversely affect the Company's business. The Company is continuing to actively monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related effects on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce. The full extent, consequences, and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting impact on the Company cannot currently be predicted. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact that the pandemic could have on the operations, financial position, and the results of operations and cash flows during fiscal year 2022.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Management considers many factors in selecting appropriate financial accounting policies and controls, and in developing the estimates and assumptions that are used in the preparation of these financial statements. Management must apply significant judgment in this process. In addition, other factors may affect estimates, including expected business and operational changes, sensitivity and volatility associated with the assumptions used in developing estimates, and whether historical trends are expected to be representative of future trends. The estimation process often may yield a range of potentially reasonable estimates of the ultimate future outcomes and management must select an amount that falls within that range of reasonable estimates. This process may result in actual results differing materially from those estimated amounts used in the preparation of the financial statements. Estimates are used in the following areas including stock-based compensation expense, accrued expenses, the fair value of financial instruments, the incremental borrowing rate for lease liabilities, and the valuation allowance included in the deferred income tax calculation.

Segment and Geographical Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company and the Company’s chief operating decision maker view the Company’s operations and manage its business in one operating segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing pharmaceutical products.  

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Sheet Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and investments. The Company’s policy is to invest its cash, cash equivalents and investments in money market funds, corporate bonds, commercial paper, government agency securities and various other bank deposit accounts. The counterparties to the agreements relating to the Company’s investments consist of financial institutions of high credit standing. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent amounts recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are in excess of insured limits. The Company has not experienced any credit losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on these funds. The Company has no financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk of loss.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

Cash and cash equivalents consist of money market funds and bank deposits. Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase.

Investments with maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and consist of commercial paper, corporate bonds, and government agency securities. Investments with maturities of greater than one year are classified as long-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and consist of corporate bonds and government agency securities. Accrued interest on corporate bonds and government agency securities are also classified as short-term investments.

As our entire investment portfolio is considered available for use in current operations, we classify all investments as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in determining fair value by their reliability and preferred use, as follows:

•Level 1— Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2— Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3— Valuations based on inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

To the extent that a valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable, or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized within Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

There have been no significant changes to the valuation methods utilized by the Company during the periods presented. There have been no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 in any periods presented.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, investments, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, are reasonable estimates of fair value, primarily due to their short maturities.

Our available-for-sale, short-term and long-term investments, which consist of commercial paper, corporate bonds, and U.S. government agency securities are considered to be Level 2 valuations. The fair value of Level 2 financial assets is determined using inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data, such as pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions, cash flow models with yield curves, and benchmark securities. In addition, Level 2 financial instruments are valued using comparisons to like-kind financial instruments and models that use readily observable market data as their basis.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net, is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed to operations as incurred, while costs of major additions and betterments are capitalized. Upon disposal, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which are as follows:

Computer equipment and software	3 - 7 years
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment	3 - 20 years
Furniture and fixtures	3 - 7 years
Leasehold improvement	lesser of remaining useful life or remaining lease term

The Company reviews the estimated useful lives of its property and equipment on a continuing basis. In evaluating the useful lives, the Company considers how long assets will remain functionally effective, whether the technology continues to be relevant and considers other competitive and economic factors. If the assessment indicates that the assets will be used for a shorter or longer period than previously anticipated, the useful life of the assets is adjusted, resulting in a change in estimate. Changes in estimates are accounted for on a prospective basis by depreciating the current carrying values of the assets over their revised remaining useful lives.

The review performed by the Company in the current year indicated that certain pieces of lab equipment would be functional for a longer term than previously estimated and as a result, the Company increased the useful lives of these assets from 7 to 15 years. This change was effective and accounted for prospectively beginning in Q3 2022. The effect of this change in useful life estimate did not result in a material change to depreciation expense.

Construction in progress ("CIP") is not depreciated until the asset is placed in service.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the carrying amount of the asset. The Company has not recognized any impairment losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Leases

The Company accounts for its lease agreements in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases. Right-of-use lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and the lease obligations represent the commitment to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use lease assets and obligations are recognized based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s existing lease agreements do not provide an implicit rate and as the Company does not have any external borrowings, the Company has used an estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement in determining the present value of lease payments.  Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is recognized in the period in which the obligation for the payment is incurred. In addition, the Company also has made an accounting policy election to exclude leases with an initial term of twelve months or less from its balance sheet and to account for lease and non-lease components of its operating leases as a single component.

For lease arrangements where it has been determined that the Company has control over an asset that is under construction and is thus considered the accounting owner of the asset during the construction period, the Company records a construction in progress asset and corresponding financial obligation on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Once the construction is complete, an assessment is performed to determine whether the lease meets certain sale-leaseback criteria. If the sale-leaseback criteria are determined to be met, the Company will remove the asset and related financial obligation from the condensed consolidated balance sheet and treat the lease as either an operating or finance lease based on an assessment of the guidance. If, upon completion of construction, the project does not meet the "sale-leaseback" criteria, the lease will be treated as a financing obligation and the Company will depreciate the asset over its estimated useful life for financial reporting purposes once the asset has been placed into service.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred in performing research and development activities. These costs include employee compensation costs, facilities and overhead, preclinical and clinical activities, clinical manufacturing costs, contract management services, regulatory and other related costs.

The Company estimates contract research and clinical trials materials manufacturing expenses based on the services performed pursuant to contracts with research organizations and manufacturing organizations that manufacture materials used in the Company’s ongoing preclinical and clinical studies. Non-refundable advanced payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. The capitalized amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed.

In accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. These estimates are based on communications with the third-party service providers and the Company’s estimates of accrued expenses using information available at each balance sheet date. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company applies the fair value recognition provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"), to account for stock-based compensation. Compensation costs related to stock options granted are based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant.

ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments, including grants of stock options and restricted stock, to be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on their grant-date fair values. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis based on the grant-date fair value over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term.

The Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including: (i) the expected stock price volatility; (ii) the expected term of the award; (iii) the risk-free interest rate; and (iv) expected dividends. Once the Company's own sufficient historical volatility data was

obtained, the Company eliminated the use of a representative peer group and began using only its own historical volatility data in its estimate of expected volatility.

The Company estimates the expected term of its stock options using the “simplified” method, whereby the expected term equals the arithmetic mean of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the option. The risk-free interest rates are based on US Treasury securities with a maturity date commensurate with the expected term of the associated award. The Company has never paid and does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the financial statements is based on awards for which service conditions are expected to be satisfied.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions from non-owner sources. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities is a component of other comprehensive gains or losses. We have not recorded any reclassifications from other comprehensive gains or losses to net loss during any period presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other accounting standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. The Company does not believe that the adoption of recently issued standards have or may have a material impact on the condensed consolidated statements or disclosures.

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Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common share equivalents consist of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards. There were 3,565,110 and 1,900,638 common share equivalents outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, in the form of stock options and unvested restricted stock awards, that have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share as their effect would be anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(29,850)	$	(15,589)	$	(107,923)	$	(47,764)
Denominator:
Weighted-average basic and    diluted common shares	25,619,125		22,212,266		25,428,097		21,893,656
Basic and diluted net loss per    common share	$	(1.17)	$	(0.70)	$	(4.24)	$	(2.18)

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Fair Value Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Instruments

Fair Value Instruments

The following tables show the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities by significant investment category as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (in thousands):

	September 30, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Marketable Securities (1)		Long-term Marketable Securities (2)
Level 1:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	186,409	$	—	$	—	$	186,409	$	186,409	$	—	$	—
Subtotal	186,409		—		—		186,409		186,409		—		—
Level 2:
Commercial paper	52,777		2		(41)		52,738		—		52,738		—
Corporate bonds	94,415		—		(886)		93,529		—		87,291		6,238
U.S. government agency securities	74,824		36		(559)		74,301		—		67,982		6,319
Subtotal	222,016		38		(1,486)		220,568		—		208,011		12,557
Total	$	408,425	$	38	$	(1,486)	$	406,977	$	186,409	$	208,011	$	12,557

	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Marketable Securities (1)		Long-term Marketable Securities (2)
Level 1:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	341,246	$	—	$	—	$	341,246	$	341,246	$	—	$	—
Subtotal	341,246		—		—		341,246		341,246		—		—
Level 2:
Commercial paper	40,469		1		(4)		40,466		—		40,466		—
Corporate bonds	83,300		10		(114)		83,196		—		35,768		47,428
U.S. government agency securities	37,621		—		(62)		37,559		—		20,616		16,943
Subtotal	161,390		11		(180)		161,221		—		96,850		64,371
Total	$	502,636	$	11	$	(180)	$	502,467	$	341,246	$	96,850	$	64,371

(1)The Company’s short-term marketable securities mature in one year or less.

(2)The Company's long-term marketable securities mature between one year and two years.

See Note 2 to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional discussion regarding the Company’s fair value measurements.

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Balance Sheet Components

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Components

Balance Sheet Components

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Construction in progress	$	130,071	$	104,340
Leasehold improvements	21,503		5,723
Furniture and fixtures	949		891
Computer equipment and software	96		85
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment	10,968		5,530
Total property and equipment	163,587		116,569
Accumulated depreciation	(5,801)		(4,214)
Property and equipment, net	$	157,786	$	112,355

Depreciation expense was $669 thousand and $1.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $474 thousand and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accrued construction in progress	$	10,905	$	9,606
Accrued professional fees	2,960		2,011
Accrued payroll and benefits	3,934		2,882
Accrued preclinical and clinical expenses	2,325		1,602
Accrued financing costs	10		26
Accrued taxes	122		83
Other current liabilities	468		87
Total	$	20,724	$	16,297

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Significant Contracts and Agreements

Lease Agreements

On May 26, 2016, the Company signed an operating lease for laboratory and office space that commenced in June 2016 and was scheduled to expire on October 31, 2017 (the “2016 Lease”). The 2016 Lease has been amended several times to increase the area leased, which currently consists of approximately 47,000 square feet and includes the commercial scale cGMP-compliant manufacturing facility, ANCORIS. As a result of the lease amendments, the 2016 Lease expiration date was extended to October 31, 2031. On September 30, 2022, the Company amended the 2016 Lease ("Short-Term Amendment") to add a short-term lease for additional office space that commenced on October 1, 2022 and expires on September 30, 2023. The amendment increased the area leased by approximately 7,000 square feet through September 30, 2023, resulting in a total area leased of approximately 54,000 square feet.

On December 26, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a second commercial gene therapy facility ("ASTRA") in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area ("ASTRA lease") with Northfield I, LLC (the "Landlord", "Northfield", or "Lessor") with an initial lease term that expired on October 31, 2035. The ASTRA lease contained an option ("Purchase Option") to purchase the building, related improvements and take corresponding assignment of the Landlord's rights under its existing Ground Lease (the "Ground Lease").

On October 5, 2020, the Company was provided with notice that the initial delivery conditions of the building had been met, including completion of the building shell, interior slab, and exterior doors, and on October 15, 2020, the Company gave the Landlord notice of its intent to purchase ASTRA for approximately $9.4 million, subject to the parties entering into a commercially reasonable purchase and sale agreement. As a result of the Company's ability to exercise its option to purchase ASTRA, the Company obtained control over the construction in progress of ASTRA as of October 5, 2020. The Company recorded a $10.0 million CIP asset and a corresponding build to suit lease liability related to the costs incurred by the Landlord, offset by the previous cash contributions of $2.4 million.

On January 29, 2021, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement ("PSA") for ASTRA with Northfield related to the purchase option exercised by the Company on October 15, 2020, for a purchase price of $9.4 million. The Company held approximately $1.5 million on deposit with Northfield under the existing lease agreement and applied this deposit as a credit against the purchase price at closing. On February 1, 2021, Northfield delivered the space as substantially complete and made the space available for access by the Company, thus triggering lease commencement. As a result, the Company concluded that this transaction did not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting because it did not meet the definition of a sale. As control did not transfer to the Lessor at lease commencement, the transaction continued to be accounted for as construction in progress and a financing obligation. On March 5, 2021, the purchase closed and the Company determined that reclassification of the construction in progress to buildings and leasehold improvements was not appropriate as the interior of the building was not yet ready for its intended use. The building continues to be held under construction in progress as of September 30, 2022. The interior of the building is currently under construction and is expected to be completed in 1H 2023. From construction completion to the closing of the purchase, the Company recognized interest expense to accrete the financial obligation to a balance that equaled the cash consideration that was paid upon the close of purchase. For more information about the expected construction costs associated with ASTRA, see "ASTRA Contractual Obligations" below.

As part of the transaction, the Company also became the accounting owner of the Ground Lease, due to obtaining control over ASTRA, and recorded the applicable operating right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability as of October 5, 2020. When the PSA was finalized, the Company took assignment of the Lessor's Ground Lease, in accordance with the Purchase Option, of which lease payments are based on annual payments of $82 thousand, and are subject to a cumulative 10% escalation clause every 5 years through 2071.

On December 15, 2021, the Company entered into a 3 year lease agreement for the Boston, Massachusetts office that commenced in January 2022 and expires in January 2025.

On May 16, 2022, the Company entered into a 16 month lease agreement for the Zug, Switzerland office that commenced on September 1, 2022 and expires December 31, 2023.

As of September 30, 2022, future minimum commitments under the Company’s operating leases with lease terms in excess of 12 months were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
2022 (remaining three months)	$	404
2023	1,640
2024	1,539
2025	1,277
2026	1,277
Thereafter	12,062
Future minimum operating lease payments	$	18,199
Less: Interest	9,077
Present value of lease liability	$	9,122

Due to the Short-Term Amendment not exceeding twelve months, the Company has not recorded a right-of-use asset or corresponding lease liability for the amendment as of September 30, 2022. Future minimum remaining operating lease payments under this amendment are $40 thousand and $121 thousand for the years ending December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

Supplemental condensed consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Operating leases:
Right-of-use assets	$	8,253		$	7,228
Current portion of lease liability	1,547			1,041
Lease liability	7,575			6,983
Total lease liability	$	9,122		$	8,024
Weighted average remaining lease term, in years	12.6			14.4
Weighted average discount rate	9.4		%	9.5		%

The components of the Company's lease expense are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Lease cost:
Operating lease expense	$	399	$	339	$	1,200	$	836
Variable lease expense	48		65		168		183
Total lease expense	$	447	$	404	$	1,368	$	1,019

Agreements with Contract Manufacturing Organizations and Contract Research Organizations

The Company enters into various agreements in the normal course of business with Contract Research Organizations ("CROs"), Contract Manufacturing Organizations ("CMOs") and other third parties for preclinical research studies, clinical trials and testing and manufacturing services. The agreements with CMOs relate to the manufacturing of sterile gel that is mixed with in-house produced vectors as part of the final drug product applied in certain of our clinical trials. These agreements may also include research and development activities, storage, packaging, labeling, and/or testing of our preclinical and clinical-stage products. The Company is obligated to make milestone payments under certain of these agreements. The estimated remaining commitment as of September 30, 2022 under these agreements is approximately $2.4 million. The Company may also be responsible for the payment of a monthly service fee for project management services for the duration of any agreements. The Company has incurred expenses under these agreements of $2.1 million and $5.1 million for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $744 thousand and $3.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Commercial Preparedness Activities

The Company has contracted with various third parties to facilitate, coordinate and perform agreed upon commercial preparedness and market research activities relating to our lead product candidate. These contracts typically call for the payment of fees for services upon the achievement of certain milestones. The estimated remaining commitment as of September 30, 2022 is $6.2 million. The Company has incurred expenses under these activities of $3.2 million and $9.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $1.8 million and $4.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

ASTRA Contractual Obligations

The Company has contracted with various third parties to complete the interior build-out of our second cGMP facility, ASTRA. Additionally, the Company has entered into various non-cancellable purchase agreements for long-lead materials to help avoid potential schedule disruptions or material shortages. These contracts typically call for the payment of fees for services or materials upon the achievement of certain milestones. The estimated remaining commitment as of September 30, 2022 is $10.3 million. The Company has included costs incurred to-date associated with ASTRA within construction in progress as of September 30, 2022.

On June 30, 2021, the Company entered into a Standard Form of Contract for Construction and the corresponding General Conditions of the Contract for Construction (collectively, the “Agreement”) with The Whiting-Turner Contracting Company (“Whiting-Turner”), pursuant to which Whiting-Turner is constructing and managing the interior construction of

ASTRA. Subject to certain conditions in the Agreement, the Company will pay Whiting-Turner a contract price consisting of the cost of work plus a fee equal to 1.75% of the cost of work.

Effective September 13, 2021, the Company entered into a guaranteed maximum price amendment (the "Amendment") to the Agreement to set forth the guaranteed maximum price, as well as the date by which Whiting-Turner is to achieve Substantial Completion (as defined in the Agreement). Under the Amendment, the guaranteed maximum price to be paid by the Company is $84.1 million, subject to certain additions and deductions by change orders as provided by the Agreement. Whiting-Turner’s work under the Agreement represents a portion of the work necessary to complete construction of the ASTRA facility and, therefore the date of Substantial Completion of Whiting-Turner’s work under the Agreement does not equate to the date of completion of ASTRA. The guaranteed maximum price under the Agreement with Whiting-Turner constitutes only a portion of the total estimated cost of building and equipping ASTRA as there are various other third parties engaged in the project for which contracts are not individually material.

Legal Proceedings

On May 1, 2020, a complaint was filed against the Company in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania by PeriphaGen, Inc. ("PeriphaGen"), which also named our Chief Executive Officer and President, R&D, Krish Krishnan and Suma Krishnan, respectively. The complaint alleged breach of contract and misappropriation of trade secrets, which secrets the plaintiff asserted were used to develop our product candidates, including the vector backbones, and our STAR-D platform. The Company answered the complaint on June 26, 2020 by denying the allegations and brought a counterclaim asking the court to declare that the Company did not misappropriate PeriphaGen’s trade secrets or confidential information, and to further declare that the Company is the rightful and sole owner of our product candidates and STAR-D platform. In addition, the Company filed a third-party complaint against two principals of PeriphaGen, James Wechuck and David Krisky, alleging breach of contract and seeking contribution and indemnification from them in the event PeriphaGen is awarded damages.

On March 9, 2022, the court officially ordered the parties to attend mediation on March 11, 2022. During the course of the mediation process, the parties were able to exchange information, allowing the parties to value their positions. On March 12, 2022, the Company entered into a binding term sheet to settle the dispute. On April 27, 2022, the Company entered into a final settlement agreement and paid PeriphaGen an upfront payment of $25.0 million on April 28, 2022 for: (i) the release of all claims in the trade secret litigation with PeriphaGen; (ii) the acquisition of certain PeriphaGen assets, and (iii) the grant of a license by PeriphaGen for dermatological applications. Upon approval of the Company's first product by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Company will pay PeriphaGen an additional $12.5 million, followed by three additional $12.5 million contingent milestone payments upon reaching $100.0 million in total cumulative sales, $200.0 million in total cumulative sales and $300.0 million in total cumulative sales. As defined in the settlement agreement, cumulative sales shall include all revenue from sales of the Company products by the Company and its affiliates and licensees, as reported by the Company in its annual Form 10-K filings. If all milestones are achieved, the total consideration for settling the dispute, acquiring certain assets, and granting of a license from PeriphaGen will be $75.0 million.

The Company recorded the $25.0 million under litigation settlement expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The additional contingent milestone payments were not deemed probable due to uncertainty in the achievement of these milestones as of September 30, 2022, and therefore no additional accrual has been recorded.

The Company has received $0 and $768 thousand of insurance proceeds during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and Company recorded an additional $372 thousand as a receivable within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as management determined that the amount was probable of collection relating to legal defense costs and expenses associated with the PeriphaGen litigation. The reimbursements have been recorded as an offset to our legal fees included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and within operating activities on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

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Capitalization

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Capitalization

Capitalization

Sale of Common Stock

The Company sells shares of common stock from time to time pursuant to its previously executed sales agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with Cowen and Company, LLC ("Cowen") with respect to an at-the-market equity offering program ("ATM Program") finalized on December 31, 2020, under which Cowen acts as the Company's agent and/or principal and may issue and sell from time to time, during the term of the Sales Agreement, shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price up to $150.0 million ("Placement Shares"). The issuance and sale of the Placement Shares by the Company under the Sales Agreement are made pursuant to the Company's effective "shelf" registration statement on Form S-3. During 2021, the

Company issued and sold 262,500 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $66.50 per share for net proceeds of $16.9 million after deducting selling commissions of approximately $524 thousand. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued and sold 434,782 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $69.00 per share for net proceeds of $29.1 million after deducting selling commissions of approximately $900 thousand, resulting in a remaining $102.5 million available for issuance under the ATM Program.

On December 3, 2021, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 2,866,667 shares of its common stock, including 200,000 shares purchased by the underwriters pursuant to their option to purchase additional shares, at $75.00 per share. Net proceeds to the Company from the offering were $201.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $12.9 million, and other offering expenses payable by the Company of $227 thousand.

On February 1, 2021, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 2,211,538 shares of its common stock, including 288,461 shares purchased by the underwriters pursuant to their option to purchase additional shares, at $65.00 per share. Net proceeds to the Company from the offering were $134.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $8.6 million, and other offering expenses payable by the Company of $198 thousand.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Options

Options granted to employees and non-employees vest ratably over four-year periods and stock options granted to directors of the company vest ratably over one-year to four-year periods. Stock options have a life of ten years.

The Company granted 189,000 and 1,913,000 stock options to employees and directors of the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 297,500 and 799,950 stock options to employees and directors of the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

The Company granted zero and 45,000 stock options to non-employees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 50,000 stock options to non-employees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity:

	Stock Options Outstanding	Weighted- average Exercise Price		Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) (1)
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	2,043,179	$	57.00	9.0	$	31,331
Granted	1,958,000	$	63.03
Exercised	(84,776)	$	46.28
Cancelled or forfeited	(412,892)	$	58.90
Expired	(5,001)	$	78.19
Outstanding at September 30, 2022	3,498,510	$	60.38	8.8	$	37,213
Exercisable at September 30, 2022	637,315	$	48.74	7.1	$	14,225

(1)Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing stock price of our common stock on September 30, 2022 and the exercise price of outstanding in-the-money options.

The total intrinsic value (the amount by which the fair market value exceeds the exercise price) of stock options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.3 million and $2.1 million, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $64 thousand and $872 thousand, respectively.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of options granted to employees, non-employees, and directors during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $49.59 and $43.66, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $34.85 and $43.31, respectively.

There was $105.5 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to employees', non-employees', and directors’ option awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years as of September 30, 2022.

The Company has recorded aggregate stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of stock option awards in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Research and development	$	2,184	$	673	$	5,547	$	2,273
General and administrative	6,433		2,502		16,791		6,742
Total stock-based compensation	$	8,617	$	3,175	$	22,338	$	9,015

We capitalize the portion of stock-based compensation that relates to work performed on the construction of new buildings. There was $137 thousand and $423 thousand of stock-based compensation that was capitalized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $79 thousand and $182 thousand of stock-based compensation that was capitalized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

The fair value of options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Expected stock price volatility	78		%	73		%	78		%	73		%
Expected term of the award (years)	6.23			6.10			6.21			6.18
Risk-free interest rate	3.20		%	1.13		%	2.27		%	1.05		%
Weighted average exercise price	$	70.91		$	53.69		$	63.03		$	67.15
Forfeiture rate	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%

Restricted Stock Awards

Restricted stock awards ("RSAs") granted to employees vest ratably over a four-year period. The Company granted zero RSAs to employees of the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and zero and 98,800 RSAs to employees of the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested RSAs as of December 31, 2021	98,800	$	78.89
Granted	—	$	—
Vested	(14,321)	$	78.89
Surrendered or forfeited	(17,879)	$	78.89
Non-vested RSAs as of September 30, 2022	66,600	$	78.89

There was $4.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to employees’ awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years as of September 30, 2022.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to RSAs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
General and administrative	$	441	$	491	$	1,340	$	1,159
Total stock-based compensation	$	441	$	491	$	1,340	$	1,159

Shares remaining available for grant under the Company’s stock incentive plan were 607,366, with a sublimit for incentive stock options of 7,223, at September 30, 2022.

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Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent EventsThe Company evaluates events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date, but prior to the issuance of the financial statements, to identify matters that require disclosure. The Company concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented, are reflected in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassified amounts have no impact on the Company’s previously reported financial position or results of operation.

The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022.

Risks and Uncertainties

Risks and Uncertainties

The coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic has resulted, and is likely to continue to result, in significant national and global economic uncertainty and may adversely affect the Company's business. The Company is continuing to actively monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related effects on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce. The full extent, consequences, and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting impact on the Company cannot currently be predicted. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact that the pandemic could have on the operations, financial position, and the results of operations and cash flows during fiscal year 2022.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Management considers many factors in selecting appropriate financial accounting policies and controls, and in developing the estimates and assumptions that are used in the preparation of these financial statements. Management must apply significant judgment in this process. In addition, other factors may affect estimates, including expected business and operational changes, sensitivity and volatility associated with the assumptions used in developing estimates, and whether historical trends are expected to be representative of future trends. The estimation process often may yield a range of potentially reasonable estimates of the ultimate future outcomes and management must select an amount that falls within that range of reasonable estimates. This process may result in actual results differing materially from those estimated amounts used in the preparation of the financial statements. Estimates are used in the following areas including stock-based compensation expense, accrued expenses, the fair value of financial instruments, the incremental borrowing rate for lease liabilities, and the valuation allowance included in the deferred income tax calculation.

Segment and Geographical Information

Segment and Geographical InformationOperating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company and the Company’s chief operating decision maker view the Company’s operations and manage its business in one operating segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing pharmaceutical products.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Sheet Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Sheet Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and investments. The Company’s policy is to invest its cash, cash equivalents and investments in money market funds, corporate bonds, commercial paper, government agency securities and various other bank deposit accounts. The counterparties to the agreements relating to the Company’s investments consist of financial institutions of high credit standing. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent amounts recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are in excess of insured limits. The Company has not experienced any credit losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on these funds. The Company has no financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk of loss.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

Cash and cash equivalents consist of money market funds and bank deposits. Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase.

Investments with maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and consist of commercial paper, corporate bonds, and government agency securities. Investments with maturities of greater than one year are classified as long-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and consist of corporate bonds and government agency securities. Accrued interest on corporate bonds and government agency securities are also classified as short-term investments.

As our entire investment portfolio is considered available for use in current operations, we classify all investments as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in determining fair value by their reliability and preferred use, as follows:

•Level 1— Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2— Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3— Valuations based on inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

To the extent that a valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable, or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized within Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

There have been no significant changes to the valuation methods utilized by the Company during the periods presented. There have been no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 in any periods presented.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, investments, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, are reasonable estimates of fair value, primarily due to their short maturities.

Our available-for-sale, short-term and long-term investments, which consist of commercial paper, corporate bonds, and U.S. government agency securities are considered to be Level 2 valuations. The fair value of Level 2 financial assets is determined using inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data, such as pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions, cash flow models with yield curves, and benchmark securities. In addition, Level 2 financial instruments are valued using comparisons to like-kind financial instruments and models that use readily observable market data as their basis.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net, is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed to operations as incurred, while costs of major additions and betterments are capitalized. Upon disposal, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which are as follows:

Computer equipment and software	3 - 7 years
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment	3 - 20 years
Furniture and fixtures	3 - 7 years
Leasehold improvement	lesser of remaining useful life or remaining lease term

The Company reviews the estimated useful lives of its property and equipment on a continuing basis. In evaluating the useful lives, the Company considers how long assets will remain functionally effective, whether the technology continues to be relevant and considers other competitive and economic factors. If the assessment indicates that the assets will be used for a shorter or longer period than previously anticipated, the useful life of the assets is adjusted, resulting in a change in estimate. Changes in estimates are accounted for on a prospective basis by depreciating the current carrying values of the assets over their revised remaining useful lives.

The review performed by the Company in the current year indicated that certain pieces of lab equipment would be functional for a longer term than previously estimated and as a result, the Company increased the useful lives of these assets from 7 to 15 years. This change was effective and accounted for prospectively beginning in Q3 2022. The effect of this change in useful life estimate did not result in a material change to depreciation expense.

Construction in progress ("CIP") is not depreciated until the asset is placed in service.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the carrying amount of the asset. The Company has not recognized any impairment losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Leases

Leases

The Company accounts for its lease agreements in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases. Right-of-use lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and the lease obligations represent the commitment to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use lease assets and obligations are recognized based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s existing lease agreements do not provide an implicit rate and as the Company does not have any external borrowings, the Company has used an estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement in determining the present value of lease payments.  Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is recognized in the period in which the obligation for the payment is incurred. In addition, the Company also has made an accounting policy election to exclude leases with an initial term of twelve months or less from its balance sheet and to account for lease and non-lease components of its operating leases as a single component.

For lease arrangements where it has been determined that the Company has control over an asset that is under construction and is thus considered the accounting owner of the asset during the construction period, the Company records a construction in progress asset and corresponding financial obligation on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Once the construction is complete, an assessment is performed to determine whether the lease meets certain sale-leaseback criteria. If the sale-leaseback criteria are determined to be met, the Company will remove the asset and related financial obligation from the condensed consolidated balance sheet and treat the lease as either an operating or finance lease based on an assessment of the guidance. If, upon completion of construction, the project does not meet the "sale-leaseback" criteria, the lease will be treated as a financing obligation and the Company will depreciate the asset over its estimated useful life for financial reporting purposes once the asset has been placed into service.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred in performing research and development activities. These costs include employee compensation costs, facilities and overhead, preclinical and clinical activities, clinical manufacturing costs, contract management services, regulatory and other related costs.

The Company estimates contract research and clinical trials materials manufacturing expenses based on the services performed pursuant to contracts with research organizations and manufacturing organizations that manufacture materials used in the Company’s ongoing preclinical and clinical studies. Non-refundable advanced payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. The capitalized amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed.

In accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. These estimates are based on communications with the third-party service providers and the Company’s estimates of accrued expenses using information available at each balance sheet date. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company applies the fair value recognition provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"), to account for stock-based compensation. Compensation costs related to stock options granted are based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant.

ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments, including grants of stock options and restricted stock, to be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on their grant-date fair values. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis based on the grant-date fair value over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term.

The Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including: (i) the expected stock price volatility; (ii) the expected term of the award; (iii) the risk-free interest rate; and (iv) expected dividends. Once the Company's own sufficient historical volatility data was

obtained, the Company eliminated the use of a representative peer group and began using only its own historical volatility data in its estimate of expected volatility.The Company estimates the expected term of its stock options using the “simplified” method, whereby the expected term equals the arithmetic mean of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the option. The risk-free interest rates are based on US Treasury securities with a maturity date commensurate with the expected term of the associated award. The Company has never paid and does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the financial statements is based on awards for which service conditions are expected to be satisfied.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions from non-owner sources. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities is a component of other comprehensive gains or losses. We have not recorded any reclassifications from other comprehensive gains or losses to net loss during any period presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other accounting standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. The Company does not believe that the adoption of recently issued standards have or may have a material impact on the condensed consolidated statements or disclosures.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Estimated Useful Lives of Assets

Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which are as follows:

Computer equipment and software	3 - 7 years
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment	3 - 20 years
Furniture and fixtures	3 - 7 years
Leasehold improvement	lesser of remaining useful life or remaining lease term

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Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(29,850)	$	(15,589)	$	(107,923)	$	(47,764)
Denominator:
Weighted-average basic and    diluted common shares	25,619,125		22,212,266		25,428,097		21,893,656
Basic and diluted net loss per    common share	$	(1.17)	$	(0.70)	$	(4.24)	$	(2.18)

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Fair Value Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Available-for-Sale Securities

The following tables show the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities by significant investment category as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (in thousands):

	September 30, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Marketable Securities (1)		Long-term Marketable Securities (2)
Level 1:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	186,409	$	—	$	—	$	186,409	$	186,409	$	—	$	—
Subtotal	186,409		—		—		186,409		186,409		—		—
Level 2:
Commercial paper	52,777		2		(41)		52,738		—		52,738		—
Corporate bonds	94,415		—		(886)		93,529		—		87,291		6,238
U.S. government agency securities	74,824		36		(559)		74,301		—		67,982		6,319
Subtotal	222,016		38		(1,486)		220,568		—		208,011		12,557
Total	$	408,425	$	38	$	(1,486)	$	406,977	$	186,409	$	208,011	$	12,557

	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Marketable Securities (1)		Long-term Marketable Securities (2)
Level 1:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	341,246	$	—	$	—	$	341,246	$	341,246	$	—	$	—
Subtotal	341,246		—		—		341,246		341,246		—		—
Level 2:
Commercial paper	40,469		1		(4)		40,466		—		40,466		—
Corporate bonds	83,300		10		(114)		83,196		—		35,768		47,428
U.S. government agency securities	37,621		—		(62)		37,559		—		20,616		16,943
Subtotal	161,390		11		(180)		161,221		—		96,850		64,371
Total	$	502,636	$	11	$	(180)	$	502,467	$	341,246	$	96,850	$	64,371

(1)The Company’s short-term marketable securities mature in one year or less.

(2)The Company's long-term marketable securities mature between one year and two years.

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Balance Sheet Components (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Construction in progress	$	130,071	$	104,340
Leasehold improvements	21,503		5,723
Furniture and fixtures	949		891
Computer equipment and software	96		85
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment	10,968		5,530
Total property and equipment	163,587		116,569
Accumulated depreciation	(5,801)		(4,214)
Property and equipment, net	$	157,786	$	112,355

Schedule of Accrued Expenses And Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accrued construction in progress	$	10,905	$	9,606
Accrued professional fees	2,960		2,011
Accrued payroll and benefits	3,934		2,882
Accrued preclinical and clinical expenses	2,325		1,602
Accrued financing costs	10		26
Accrued taxes	122		83
Other current liabilities	468		87
Total	$	20,724	$	16,297

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Operating Lease Payments

As of September 30, 2022, future minimum commitments under the Company’s operating leases with lease terms in excess of 12 months were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
2022 (remaining three months)	$	404
2023	1,640
2024	1,539
2025	1,277
2026	1,277
Thereafter	12,062
Future minimum operating lease payments	$	18,199
Less: Interest	9,077
Present value of lease liability	$	9,122

Schedule of Supplemental Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases

Supplemental condensed consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Operating leases:
Right-of-use assets	$	8,253		$	7,228
Current portion of lease liability	1,547			1,041
Lease liability	7,575			6,983
Total lease liability	$	9,122		$	8,024
Weighted average remaining lease term, in years	12.6			14.4
Weighted average discount rate	9.4		%	9.5		%

Lease, Cost

The components of the Company's lease expense are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Lease cost:
Operating lease expense	$	399	$	339	$	1,200	$	836
Variable lease expense	48		65		168		183
Total lease expense	$	447	$	404	$	1,368	$	1,019

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Company's Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity:

	Stock Options Outstanding	Weighted- average Exercise Price		Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) (1)
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	2,043,179	$	57.00	9.0	$	31,331
Granted	1,958,000	$	63.03
Exercised	(84,776)	$	46.28
Cancelled or forfeited	(412,892)	$	58.90
Expired	(5,001)	$	78.19
Outstanding at September 30, 2022	3,498,510	$	60.38	8.8	$	37,213
Exercisable at September 30, 2022	637,315	$	48.74	7.1	$	14,225

(1)Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing stock price of our common stock on September 30, 2022 and the exercise price of outstanding in-the-money options.

Summary of Stock Based Compensation Expense Related to Issuance of Stock Option Awards and Restricted Stock Awards

The Company has recorded aggregate stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of stock option awards in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Research and development	$	2,184	$	673	$	5,547	$	2,273
General and administrative	6,433		2,502		16,791		6,742
Total stock-based compensation	$	8,617	$	3,175	$	22,338	$	9,015

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to RSAs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
General and administrative	$	441	$	491	$	1,340	$	1,159
Total stock-based compensation	$	441	$	491	$	1,340	$	1,159

Fair Value of Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Expected stock price volatility	78		%	73		%	78		%	73		%
Expected term of the award (years)	6.23			6.10			6.21			6.18
Risk-free interest rate	3.20		%	1.13		%	2.27		%	1.05		%
Weighted average exercise price	$	70.91		$	53.69		$	63.03		$	67.15
Forfeiture rate	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit, Activity

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested RSAs as of December 31, 2021	98,800	$	78.89
Granted	—	$	—
Vested	(14,321)	$	78.89
Surrendered or forfeited	(17,879)	$	78.89
Non-vested RSAs as of September 30, 2022	66,600	$	78.89

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Organization - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Accumulated deficit	$ 248,707	$ 140,784
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	$ 394,400

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of operating segment | segment				1
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets	15 years		7 years
Recognized impairment losses for long lived assets | $	$ 0	$ 0		$ 0	$ 0

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Estimated Useful Lives of Assets (Detail)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Computer equipment and software | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets			3 years
Computer equipment and software | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets			7 years
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets	15 years	7 years
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets			3 years
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets			20 years
Furniture and fixtures | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets			3 years
Furniture and fixtures | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of assets			7 years

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Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Additional Information (Detail) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Common share equivalents outstanding, excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share	3,565,110	1,900,638

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Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share and Per Unit (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (29,850)	$ (28,108)	$ (49,965)	$ (15,589)	$ (16,363)	$ (15,812)	$ (107,923)	$ (47,764)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: basic	25,619,125			22,212,266			25,428,097	21,893,656
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: diluted	25,619,125			22,212,266			25,428,097	21,893,656
Net loss per common share: basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.17)			$ (0.70)			$ (4.24)	$ (2.18)
Net loss per common share: diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.17)			$ (0.70)			$ (4.24)	$ (2.18)

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Fair Value Instruments - Summary of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Available-for-Sale Securities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 186,409	$ 341,246
Gross Unrealized Gains	38	11
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,486)	(180)
Amortized Cost	408,425	502,636
Aggregate fair value, total	406,977	502,467
Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	52,777	40,469
Gross Unrealized Gains	2	1
Gross Unrealized Losses	(41)	(4)
Aggregate Fair Value	52,738	40,466
Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	94,415	83,300
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	10
Gross Unrealized Losses	(886)	(114)
Aggregate Fair Value	93,529	83,196
U.S. government agency securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	74,824	37,621
Gross Unrealized Gains	36	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(559)	(62)
Aggregate Fair Value	74,301	37,559
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value, total	186,409	341,246
Short-term Marketable Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value, total	208,011	96,850
Short-term Marketable Securities | Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate Fair Value	52,738	40,466
Short-term Marketable Securities | Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate Fair Value	87,291	35,768
Short-term Marketable Securities | U.S. government agency securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate Fair Value	67,982	20,616
Long-term Marketable Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value, total	12,557	64,371
Long-term Marketable Securities | Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate Fair Value	0	0
Long-term Marketable Securities | Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate Fair Value	6,238	47,428
Long-term Marketable Securities | U.S. government agency securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate Fair Value	6,319	16,943
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	186,409	341,246
Aggregate Fair Value	186,409	341,246
Level 1 | Cash and Cash Equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	186,409	341,246
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	222,016	161,390
Gross Unrealized Gains	38	11
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,486)	(180)
Aggregate Fair Value	220,568	161,221
Level 2 | Short-term Marketable Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate Fair Value	$ 208,011	96,850
Debt securities, available-for-sale, term	1 year
Level 2 | Long-term Marketable Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Aggregate Fair Value	$ 12,557	64,371
Level 2 | Long-term Marketable Securities | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, term	1 year
Level 2 | Long-term Marketable Securities | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, term	2 years
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 186,409	341,246
Aggregate Fair Value	186,409	341,246
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 1 | Cash and Cash Equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 186,409	$ 341,246

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Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 163,587	$ 116,569
Accumulated depreciation	(5,801)	(4,214)
Property and equipment, net	157,786	112,355
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	130,071	104,340
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	21,503	5,723
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	949	891
Computer equipment and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	96	85
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 10,968	$ 5,530

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Balance Sheet Components - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 669	$ 474	$ 1,600	$ 1,400

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Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Accrued Expenses And Other Current Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Accrued construction in progress	$ 10,905	$ 9,606
Accrued professional fees	2,960	2,011
Accrued payroll and benefits	3,934	2,882
Accrued preclinical and clinical expenses	2,325	1,602
Accrued financing costs	10	26
Accrued taxes	122	83
Other current liabilities	468	87
Total	$ 20,724	$ 16,297

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail) ft² in Thousands, $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Apr. 28, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 12, 2022 USD ($)	Oct. 15, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) ft²	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) ft² milestone	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	May 16, 2022	Dec. 15, 2021	Sep. 13, 2021 USD ($)	Oct. 05, 2020 USD ($)	May 26, 2016 ft²
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Cash contribution													$ 2,400
Purchase price of potential purchase			$ 9,400
Construction in progress, gross													10,000
Finance lease, liability													$ 10,000
Escrow deposit			$ 1,500
Lessor, operating lease, liability, annual lease payments						$ 82
Cumulative escalation clause						0.10
Cumulative escalation clause, term						5 years
Future minimum operating lease payments				$ 18,199		$ 18,199
Loss contingency, guaranteed maximum price to be paid												$ 84,100
Litigation settlement				0	$ 0	25,000	$ 0
Proceeds from insurance settlement, operating activities				0		768
Gain related to litigation settlement						372
Forecast
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Future minimum operating lease payments								$ 121	$ 40
PeriphaGen
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Litigation settlement	$ 25,000					25,000
Litigation settlement, amount awarded to other party						$ 12,500
Number of milestones | milestone						3
Litigation settlement, total consideration		$ 75,000
PeriphaGen | Milestone Two
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Litigation settlement, amount awarded to other party						$ 12,500
Litigation settlement, milestone payments, sales threshold		200,000
PeriphaGen | Milestone Three
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Litigation settlement, amount awarded to other party						12,500
Litigation settlement, milestone payments, sales threshold		300,000
PeriphaGen | Milestone One
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Litigation settlement, amount awarded to other party						12,500
Litigation settlement, milestone payments, sales threshold		$ 100,000
Clinical Supply Agreements
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Estimated remaining commitment				2,400		2,400
Project management service fee				2,100	744	5,100	3,300
Other Contractual Obligations
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Estimated remaining commitment				6,200		6,200
Project management service fee				3,200	$ 1,800	9,500	$ 4,100
ASTRA Facility
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Contractual obligation				$ 10,300		$ 10,300
Cost of work, percentage				0.0175		0.0175
2016 Lease Agreement
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Additional area of real estate property leased | ft²				54		54								47
Short-Term Amendment
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Additional area of real estate property leased | ft²				7		7
Boston, Massachusetts Lease
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease, term of contract											3 years
Switzerland Lease
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease, term of contract										16 months

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Future Minimum Operating Lease Payments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2022 (remaining three months)	$ 404
2023	1,640
2024	1,539
2025	1,277
2026	1,277
Thereafter	12,062
Future minimum operating lease payments	18,199
Less: Interest	9,077
Present value of lease liability	$ 9,122	$ 8,024

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Supplemental Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]
Right-of-use assets	$ 8,253	$ 7,228
Current portion of lease liability	1,547	1,041
Lease liability	7,575	6,983
Total lease liability	$ 9,122	$ 8,024
Weighted average remaining lease term, in years	12 years 7 months 6 days	14 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted average discount rate	9.40%	9.50%

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease costs	$ 399	$ 339	$ 1,200	$ 836
Variable lease costs	48	65	168	183
Lease, Cost	$ 447	$ 404	$ 1,368	$ 1,019

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Capitalization - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 05, 2022	Dec. 03, 2021	Feb. 01, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Capitalization, Equity [Line Items]
Offering expenses		$ 227	$ 198
Placement Shares
Schedule of Capitalization, Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, aggregate offering price						$ 150,000
Public Offering
Schedule of Capitalization, Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction	434,782	2,866,667	2,211,538		262,500
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 75.00	$ 65.00	$ 69.00	$ 66.50
Proceeds from initial offering of shares	$ 29,100	$ 201,900	$ 134,900
Underwriting discounts and commissions		$ 12,900	$ 8,600
ATM Program
Schedule of Capitalization, Equity [Line Items]
Proceeds from initial offering of shares					$ 16,900
Underwriting discounts and commissions				$ 900	$ 524
Sale of stock, remaining available issuance amount				$ 102,500
Over-Allotment Option
Schedule of Capitalization, Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction		200,000	288,461

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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option expiration period			10 years
Stock options granted (in shares)			1,958,000
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 1,300	$ 64	$ 2,100	$ 872
Share-based payment arrangement, amount capitalized	$ 137	$ 79	$ 423	$ 182
Director
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted (in shares)	189,000	297,500	1,913,000	799,950
Stock Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares remaining available for grant	607,366		607,366
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option vesting period			4 years
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of options granted (in dollars per share)	$ 49.59	$ 34.85	$ 43.66	$ 43.31
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 8,617	$ 3,175	$ 22,338	$ 9,015
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option | Director
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 105,500		$ 105,500
Estimated weighted average period			3 years 1 month 6 days
Non-Employee Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted (in shares)	0	50,000	45,000	50,000
Non-Employee Stock Option | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option vesting period			1 year
Non-Employee Stock Option | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option vesting period			4 years
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock award granted (in shares)	0	0	0	98,800
Restricted stock award outstanding (in shares)	66,600		66,600		98,800
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 4,200		$ 4,200
Estimated weighted average period			2 years 4 months 24 days
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 441	$ 491	$ 1,340	$ 1,159
Restricted Stock | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option vesting period			4 years
Incentive Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares remaining available for grant	7,223		7,223

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Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Company's Stock Option Activity (Detail) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Stock Options Outstanding
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares	2,043,179
Granted (in shares) | shares	1,958,000
Exercised (in shares) | shares	(84,776)
Cancelled or forfeited (in shares) | shares	(412,892)
Expired (in shares) | shares	(5,001)
Ending balance (in shares) | shares	3,498,510	2,043,179
Exercisable end of period (in shares) | shares	637,315
Weighted- average Exercise Price
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 57.00
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	63.03
Exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	46.28
Cancelled or forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	58.90
Exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	78.19
Ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	60.38	$ 57.00
Exercisable end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 48.74
Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Weighted-average remaining contractual life (Years)	8 years 9 months 18 days	9 years
Weighted-average remaining contractual life (Years), exercisable	7 years 1 month 6 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding | $	$ 37,213	$ 31,331
Exercisable at September 30, 2022 | $	$ 14,225

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Based Compensation Expense Related to Issuance of Stock Option Awards and Restricted Stock Awards (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 8,617	$ 3,175	$ 22,338	$ 9,015
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	441	491	1,340	1,159
Research and development | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	2,184	673	5,547	2,273
General and administrative | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	6,433	2,502	16,791	6,742
General and administrative | Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 441	$ 491	$ 1,340	$ 1,159

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Stock-Based Compensation - Fair Value of Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions (Detail) - Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected stock price volatility	78.00%	73.00%	78.00%	73.00%
Expected term of the award (years)	6 years 2 months 23 days	6 years 1 month 6 days	6 years 2 months 15 days	6 years 2 months 4 days
Risk-free interest rate	3.20%	1.13%	2.27%	1.05%
Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 70.91	$ 53.69	$ 63.03	$ 67.15
Forfeiture rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

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Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Company's Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)			98,800
Granted (in shares)	0	0	0	98,800
Vested (in shares)			(14,321)
Surrendered or forfeited (in shares)			(17,879)
Ending balance (in shares)	66,600		66,600
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)			$ 78.89
Granted (in dollars per share)			0
Vested (in dollars per share)			78.89
Surrendered or forfeited (in dollars per share)			78.89
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 78.89		$ 78.89