SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Basis of presentation

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

The unaudited interim financial information as of December 31, 2019 and for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 have been prepared without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and pursuant to Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures, which are normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto, included in the Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, which was filed with the SEC on July 5, 2019.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s unaudited financial position as of December 31, 2019, its unaudited results of operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and its unaudited cash flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, as applicable, have been made. The unaudited interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

Basis of consolidation

(b) Basis of consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the subsidiaries and VIEs. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Foreign currency translation

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates on the date of the balance sheet. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the statement of operations.

The reporting currency of the Company and its subsidiaries and VIEs is U.S. dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been expressed in US$. However, the Company maintains the books and records in its functional currency, Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), being the functional currency of the economic environment in which its operations are conducted.

In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of the Company and its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the US$, are translated into US$, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries and VIEs are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the statement of stockholders’ equity.

Translation of amounts from RMB into US$ has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:


	December 31, 2019	March 31, 2019
Balance sheet items, except for equity accounts	6.9632	6.7119


	For the Three Months Ended
	December 31,
	2019	2018
Items in the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss)	7.0600	6.9162


	For the Nine Months Ended
	December 31,
	2019	2018
Items in the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), and statements of cash flows	6.9620	6.7008

Use of estimates

(d) Use of estimates

In presenting the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U. S. GAAP, management make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and related disclosures . Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgement and available information. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and assumptions using the currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may cause the Company to revise its estimates. The Company bases its estimates on past experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Estimates are used when accounting for items and matters including, but not limited to, revenue recognition, residual values, lease classification and liabilities, finance lease receivables, inventory obsolescence, right-of-use assets, determinations of the useful lives and valuation of long-lived assets, estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts and prepayments, estimates of impairment of intangible assets, valuation of deferred tax assets, estimated fair value used in business acquisitions, valuation of derivative liabilities, allocation of fair value of derivative liabilities issuance of common stock and warrants exercised and other provisions and contingencies.

Fair values of financial instruments

(e) Fair values of financial instruments

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“Topic 825”) requires disclosure of fair value information of financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheets, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial assets and liabilities from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts do not represent the underlying value of the Company. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.

Level 3 Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value.

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019:


	Carrying Value at		Fair Value Measurement at
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2019
	(Unaudited)		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Derivative liabilities	$	629,848	$	—	$	—	$	629,848

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the nine months ended December 31, 2019:


	December 31,
	2019
Beginning balance	$	—
Derivative liabilities recognized at grant date on June 20, 2019		3,150,006
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(1,509,406)
Fair value of Series B warrants exercised		(1,010,752)
Ending balance	$	629,848

On June 21, 2019, the Company closed a registered direct offering of an aggregate of 1,781,361 shares of common stock, and in connection therewith, issued to the investors (i) for no additional consideration, Series A warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,336,021 shares of common stock, (ii) for nominal additional consideration, Series B warrants to purchase up to a maximum aggregate of 1,116,320 shares of common stock and (iii) placement agent warrants to purchase up to 142,509 shares of common stock.

The strike price of the Company’s Series A and Series B warrants is denominated in US$ and the Company's functional currency is RMB, therefore, those warrant shares are not considered indexed to the Company's own stock which should be classified as derivative liability.

The Company's Series A and Series B warrants are not traded in an active securities market; therefore, the Company estimates the fair value to those warrants using the Black-Scholes valuation model on June 20, 2019 (the grant date) and December 31, 2019.


	June 20, 2019
	Series A			Series B			Placement Agent
	Warrants			Warrants			Warrants
# of shares exercisable		1,336,021			1,116,320			142,509
Valuation date		6/20/2019			6/20/2019			6/20/2019
Exercise price	$	3.72		$	3.72		$	3.38
Stock price	$	2.80		$	2.80		$	2.80
Expected term(year)		4.00			1.00			4.00
Risk-free interest rate		1.77	%		1.77	%		1.77	%
Expected volatility		86	%		86	%		86	%


	December 31, 2019
	Series A			Series B			Placement Agent
	Warrants			Warrants			Warrants
# of shares exercisable		1,336,021			3,132			142,509
Valuation date		12/31/2019			12/31/2019			12/31/2019
Exercise price	$	1.50		$	0.0001		$	3.38
Stock price	$	0.67		$	0.67		$	0.67
Expected term(year)		3.47			0.47			3.47
Risk-free interest rate		1.64	%		1.60	%		1.64	%
Expected volatility		123	%		123	%		123	%

As of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, financial instruments of the Company comprised primarily current assets and current liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, finance lease receivables and other assets, escrow receivables, due from related parties, borrowings from financial institutions, other liabilities, due to stockholders and due to related parties and affiliates, which approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments, and noncurrent liabilities of borrowings from financial institutions, which approximate their fair values because of the stated loan interest rate to the rate charged by similar financial institutions.

The finance lease receivables were recorded at gross adjusted for the deferred interest income using the effective interest rate method. The Company believes that the effective interest rates underlying the finance lease receivables approximate current market rates for such finance leasing products as of December 31, 2019.

Other than as listed above, the Company did not identify any assets or liabilities that are required to be presented on the balance sheet at fair value.

Business combinations and noncontrolling interests

(f) Business combinations and noncontrolling interests

The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805 "Business Combinations." The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the acquisition date fair value of the assets transferred to the sellers and liabilities incurred by the Company and equity instruments issued. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets and liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the total costs of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the consolidated income statements. During the measurement period, which can be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated income statements.

For the Company’s non-wholly owned subsidiaries, a noncontrolling interest is recognized to reflect portion of equity that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company. The cumulative results of operations attributable to noncontrolling interests are also recorded as noncontrolling interests in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Cash flows related to transactions with noncontrolling interests are presented under financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Segment reporting

(g) Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), which is comprised of certain members of the Company’s management team. Historically, the Company had one single operating and reportable segment, namely the provision of an online lending services. During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company acquired Hunan Ruixi and Jinkailong and evaluated how the CODM manages the businesses of the Company to maximize efficiency in allocating resources and assessing performance. Consequently, the Company presents two operating and reportable segments as set forth in Note 2(p). The Company has discontinued the online P2P lending services segment and has only one segment in the period after October 17, 2019.

Cash and cash equivalents

(h) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. Cash and cash equivalents also consist of funds received from automobile purchasers as payment for automobiles, related insurances and taxes to be paid on behalf of the automobile purchasers, which funds were held at the third party platforms’ fund accounts and which are unrestricted and immediately available for withdrawal and use.

Accounts receivable, net

(i) Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less an allowance for any uncollectible accounts and do not bear interest, and are due on demand. Management reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts on an ongoing basis, using historical collection trends and aging of receivables. Management also periodically evaluates individual customer’s financial condition, credit history and the current economic conditions to make adjustments in the allowance when necessary. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, allowance for doubtful accounts amounted to $84,415 and $0, respectively.

Inventories

(j) Inventories

Inventories consist of automobiles which are held primarily for sale and for leasing purposes, and are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value, as determined using the weighted average cost method. Management compares the cost of inventories with the net realizable value and if applicable, an allowance is made for writing down the inventory to its net realizable value, if lower than cost. On an ongoing basis, inventories are reviewed for potential write-down for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventories which equals the difference between the costs of inventories and the estimated net realizable value based upon forecasts for future demand and market conditions. When inventories are written-down to the lower of cost or net realizable value, it is not marked up subsequently based on changes in underlying facts and circumstances.

Finance lease receivables, net

(k) Finance lease receivables, net

Finance lease receivables, which result from sales-type leases, are measured at discounted present value of (i) future minimum lease payments, (ii) any residual value not subject to a bargain purchase option as a finance lease receivables on its balance sheet and (iii) accrued interest on the balance of the finance lease receivables based on the interest rate inherent in the applicable lease over the term of the lease. Management also periodically evaluates individual customer's financial condition, credit history and the current economic conditions to make adjustments in the allowance when necessary. Finance lease receivables is charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of December 31, 2019, the Company determined no allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary for finance lease receivables.

As of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, finance lease receivables consisted of the following:


	December 31,		March 31,
	2019		2019
	(Unaudited)
Gross minimum lease payments receivable	$	1,637,763	$	40,023
Less: Amounts representing estimated executory costs		—		—
Minimum lease payments receivable		1,637,763		40,023
Less Allowance for uncollectible minimum lease payments receivable		—		—
Net minimum lease payments receivable		1,637,763		40,023
Estimated residual value of leased automobiles		—		—
Less: Unearned interest		(460,556)		(7,471)
Financing lease receivables, net	$	1,177,207	$	32,552
Finance lease receivables, net, current portion	$	428,958	$	10,254
Finance lease receivables, net, long-term portion	$	748,249	$	22,298

Future scheduled minimum lease payments for investments in sales-type leases as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:


	Minimum future
	payments receivable
Twelve months ending December 31, 2020	$	559,494
Twelve months ending December 31, 2021		550,856
Twelve months ending December 31, 2022		407,269
Twelve months ending December 31, 2023		120,144
Total	$	1,637,763

Property and equipment

(l) Property and equipment

Property and equipment primarily consists of computer equipment, which is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less any provision required for impairment in value. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method with no residual value based on the estimated useful life. The useful life of property and equipment is summarized as follows:


Categories		Useful life
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of the remaining lease terms or estimated useful lives
Computer equipment		2 - 5 years
Office equipment		3 - 5 years
Automobiles		3 - 4 years

The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is considered impaired if its carrying amount exceeds the future net undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to generate. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset, if any, exceeds its fair value determined using a discounted cash flow model. For the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no impairment of property and equipment.

Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets disposed of or retired are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated income statements.

Intangible assets

(m) Intangible assets

Purchased intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value upon acquisition. Separately identifiable intangible assets that have determinable lives continue to be amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method as follows:


Categories		Useful life
Platform		7 years
Customer relationship		10 years
Software		5‑7 years

Separately identifiable intangible assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss for identifiable intangible assets is based on the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, there was a $0 and $264,958 impairment, respectively, on customer relationship from Sichuan Senmiao as a result of the Company’s decision to discontinue the P2P lending business in October 2019. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, there was no impairment of intangible assets.

Earnings (loss) per share

(n) Earnings (loss) per share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock, adjusted for outstanding shares of common stock that are subject to repurchase.

For the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share, net income (loss) attributable to stockholders for basic earnings (loss) per share is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including share-based awards, under the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities, of which the amounts are insignificant, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net earnings (loss) per share if their inclusion is anti-dilutive.

Derivative liabilities

(o) Derivative liabilities

A contract is designated as an asset or a liability and is carried at fair value on a company's balance sheet, with any changes in fair value recorded in a company's results of operations. The Company then determines which options, warrants and embedded features require liability accounting and records the fair value as a derivative liability. The changes in the values of these instruments are shown in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as "change in fair value of derivative liabilities".

Revenue recognition

(p) Revenue recognition

The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606 ") on April 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. ASC 606 establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.

The Company has assessed the impact of the guidance by reviewing its existing customer contracts and current accounting policies and practices to identify differences that will result from applying the new requirements, including the evaluation of its performance obligations, transaction price, customer payments, transfer of control and principal versus agent considerations. Based on the assessment, the Company concluded that there was no change to the timing and pattern of revenue recognition for its current revenue streams in scope of ASC 606 and therefore there was no material changes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASC 606.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had outstanding contracts for automobile transaction and related services amounting to $1,590,743, of which $629,787 is expected to be completed within 12 months after December 31, 2019, and $960,956 is expected to be completed after December 31, 2020.

Disaggregated information of revenues by business lines are as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Automobile Transaction and Related Services (Continuing Operations)
- Revenues from sales of automobiles	$	1,987,433	$	—	$	10,828,063	$	—
- Service fees from automobile purchase services		352,351		70,654		1,609,361		70,654
- Facilitation fees from automobile transactions		21,031		16,424		164,294		16,424
- Service fees from management and guarantee services		128,893		21,332		313,548		21,332
- Financing revenues		44,149		—		105,413		—
- Other service fees		211,722		10,326		622,750		10,326
Online Lending Services (Discontinued Operations)
- Transaction fees		1,160		80,564		72,394		261,450
- Service fees		3,134		10,557		24,990		26,205
- Website development revenue		—		—		15,234		—
Total revenues		2,749,873		209,857		13,756,047		406,391
Total revenues from discontinued operations		(4,294)		(91,121)		(112,618)		(287,655)
Total revenues from continuing operations	$	2,745,579	$	118,736	$	13,643,429	$	118,736

Automobile transaction and related services

Sales of automobiles –The Company generates revenue from sales of automobiles to the customers of Jinkailong, Hunan Ruixi and Mashang Chuxing. The control over the automobile is transferred to the purchaser along with the delivery of automobile. The amount of the revenue is based on the sale price agreed by Hunan Ruixi or Yicheng and the counterparties, including Jinkailong and Mashang Chuxing, who acts on behalf of its customers. The Company recognizes revenues when the automobile is delivered and control is transferred to the purchaser.

Service fees from automobile purchase services – Services fees from automobile purchase services are paid by automobile purchasers for a series of the services provided to them throughout the purchase process such as credit assessment, preparation of financing application materials, assistance with closing of financing transactions, license and plate registration, payment of taxes and fees, purchase of insurance, installment of GPS devices, ride-hailing driver qualification and other administrative procedures. The amount of these fees is based on the sales price of the automobiles and relevant services provided. The Company recognizes revenue when all the services are completed and the automobile is delivered to the purchaser.

Facilitation fees from automobile transactions – Facilitation fees from automobile purchase transactions are paid by the Company’s customers including third-party sales teams or the automobile purchasers for the facilitation of the sales and financing of automobiles. The Company attracts automobile purchasers through third-party sales teams or its own sales department. For the sales facilitated between third-party sales teams and automobile purchasers, the Company charges the fees to the third-party sales teams, which derived from the commission paid by the automobile purchasers to the third-party sales teams. Relating to sales facilitated between automobile purchasers and dealers, the Company charges the fees to the automobile purchasers. The Company recognizes revenue from facilitation fees when the titles are transferred to the purchasers. The amount of fees is based on the type of automobile and negotiation with each sales team or automobile purchaser. The fees charged to third-party sales teams or automobile purchasers are paid before the automobile purchase transactions are consummated. These fees are non-refundable upon the delivery of automobiles.

Service fees from management and guarantee services – Over 95% of the Company’s customers are drivers of Didi Chuxing Technology Co., Ltd., the largest ride-hailing service platform in China. The drivers sign affiliation agreements with the Company, pursuant to which the Company provides them with management and guarantee services during the affiliation period. Service fees for management and guarantee services are paid by such automobile purchasers on a monthly basis for the management and guarantee services provided during the affiliation period. The Company recognizes revenue over the affiliation period when performance obligations are completed.

Financing revenues – Interest income from the lease arising from the Company’s sales-type leases and bundled lease arrangements is recognized as financing revenues over the lease term based on the effective rate of interest in the lease.

Lease

On April 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASC Topic 842). This update, as well as additional amendments and targeted improvements issued in 2018 and early 2019, supersedes existing lease accounting guidance found under ASC 840, Leases (“ASC 840”). The accounting for lessors does not fundamentally change with this update except for changes to conform and align guidance to the lessee guidance, as well as to the revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606). Some of these conforming changes, such as those related to the definition of lease term and minimum lease payments, resulted in certain lease arrangements, that would have been previously accounted for as operating leases, to be classified and accounted for as sales-type leases with a corresponding up-front recognition of automobile sales revenue when the lessee obtained control over the automobile.

The two primary accounting provisions the Company uses to classify transactions as sales-type or operating leases are: (i) a review of the lease term to determine if it is for the major part of the economic life of the underlying equipment (defined as greater than 75%); and (ii) a review of the present value of the lease payments to determine if they are equal to or greater than substantially all of the fair market value of the equipment at the inception of the lease (defined as greater than 90%). Automobile included in arrangements meeting these conditions are accounted for as sales-type leases. Interest income from the lease is recognized in financing revenues over the lease term. Automobile included in arrangements that do not meet these conditions are accounted for as operating leases and revenue is recognized over the term of the lease.

The Company excludes from the measurement of its lease revenues any tax assessed by a governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected from a customer.

The Company consider the economic life of most of the automobiles to be three to four years, since this represents the most common lease term for its automobiles and the automobiles will be used for ride-hailing services. The Company believes three to four years is representative of the period during which an automobile is expected to be economically usable, with normal service, for the purpose for which it is intended.

A portion of the Company’s direct sales of automobile to end customers are made through bundled lease arrangements which typically include automobile, services (automobile purchase services, facilitation services, and management and guarantee services) and financing components where the customer pays a single negotiated fixed minimum monthly payment for all elements over the contractual lease term. Revenues under these bundled lease arrangements are allocated considering the relative standalone selling prices of the lease and non-lease deliverables included in the bundled arrangement and the financing components. Lease deliverables include the automobile and financing, while the non-lease deliverables generally consist of the services and repayment of advanced fees made on behalf of its customers. The Company considers the fixed payments for purposes of allocation to the lease elements of the contract. The fixed minimum monthly payments are multiplied by the number of months in the contract term to arrive at the total fixed lease payments that the customer is obligated to make over the lease term. Amounts allocated to the automobile and financing elements are then subjected to the accounting estimates under ASC 842 to ensure the values reflect standalone selling prices. The remainder of any fixed payments are allocated to non-lease elements (automobile purchase services, facilitation fees, and management and guarantee services), for which these revenues are recognized in a manner consistent with the guidance for service fees from automobile purchase services, facilitation fees from automobile transactions, and service fees from management and guarantee services as discussed above.

The Company’s lease pricing interest rates, which are used in determining customer payments in a bundled lease arrangement, are developed based upon the local prevailing rates in the marketplace where its customer will be able to obtain an automobile loan under similar terms from the bank. The Company reassess its pricing interest rates quarterly based on changes in the local prevailing rates in the marketplace. As of December 31, 2019, the Company's pricing interest rate was 6.0% per annum.

Online P2P Lending Services (Discontinued Operations)

Transaction fees – Prior to the Company’s P2P lending business discontinued on October 17, 2019, transaction fees were paid by borrowers to the Company for the work the Company performed through its platform. The amount of these fees was based upon the loan amount and the maturity date of the loan. The fees charged to borrowers were paid upon (i) disbursement of the proceeds for loans which accrued interest on a monthly basis or (ii) full payment of principal and interest of loans which accrued interest on a daily basis. These fees were non-refundable upon the issuance of loan. The Company recognized revenue when loan proceeds were disbursed to borrowers or borrowers paid their principal and interest on loans.

Service fees – The Company charged investors service fees on their actual return of investment (interest income). The Company generally received the service fees upon the investors’ receipt of their investment returns. The Company recognized revenue when loans were repaid and investors received their investment income.

Website development revenues – Revenue allocated to website development services is recognized as the service is performed over time using the Company’s efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of a performance obligation using an input measure method, under which the total value of revenue is recognized on the basis of the percentage that total cost to date bears to the total expected costs. The Company considers labor costs and related outsource labor costs for the input measurement as the best available indicator of the progress, pattern and timing in which contract obligations are fulfilled.

Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. In instances where substantive acceptance provisions are specified in customer contracts, revenues are deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met. To date, the Company has not incurred a material loss on any contracts. However, as a policy, provisions for estimated losses on such engagements will be made during the period in which a loss becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated.

The Company generally does not enter into arrangements with multiple deliverables for website development services contracts. If the deliverables have standalone value at contract inception, the Company accounts for each deliverable separately.

Income taxes

(q) Income taxes

Deferred income tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the income tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. Provisions or benefits for income taxes consists of tax estimated from taxable income plus or minus deferred tax expenses (benefits) if applicable.

Deferred tax is calculated using the balance sheet liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax basis. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable income will be utilized with prior net operating loss carried forwards using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be utilized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities.

An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the period incurred. The Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions or any unrecognized liabilities, interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, the calendar years ended December 31, 2013 through 2018 for the Company’s PRC entities remain open for statutory examination by PRC tax authorities.

Comprehensive income ( loss)

(r) Comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) and foreign currency adjustments. Comprehensive income (loss) is reported in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Accumulated other comprehensive loss, as presented on the consolidated balance sheets are the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments.

Share-based awards

(s) Share-based awards

Share-based awards granted to the Company’s employees are measured at fair value on grant date and share-based compensation expense is recognized (i) immediately at the grant date if no vesting conditions are required, or (ii) using the accelerated attribution method, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period. The fair value of restricted shares is determined with reference to the fair value of the underlying shares.

At each date of measurement, the Company reviews internal and external sources of information to assist in the estimation of various attributes to determine the fair value of the share-based awards granted by the Company, including but not limited to the fair value of the underlying shares, expected life, expected volatility and expected forfeiture rates. The Company is required to consider many factors and make certain assumptions during this assessment. If any of the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the share-based awards changes significantly, share-based compensation expense may differ materially in the future from that recorded in the current reporting period.

Leases

(t) Leases

Prior to March 31, 2019, leases are classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets are accounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases expense and is included in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases. The Company had no capital lease commitments for the nine months ended December 31, 2019.

On April 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASC Topic 842). This update supersedes existing lease accounting guidance found under ASC 840, Leases (“ASC 840”) and requires the recognition of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease obligations (“lease liabilities”) by lessees for those leases currently classified as operating leases under existing lease guidance. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. Short term leases with a term of 12 months or less are not required to be recognized. The Company did not have any financing lease for the nine months ended December 31, 2019.

The Company adopted the practical expedient that allows lessees to treat the lease and non-lease components of a lease a single lease component. The impact of the adoption of the ASC 842, as of April 1, 2019, the Company recognized approximately $246,227 ROU assets and approximately $247,325 lease liabilities, primarily related to operating leases of facilities. The adoption of this standard resulted in the recording of operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities as of April 1, 2019, with no related impact on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statement of changes in stockholders' equity or consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the adoption date of April 1, 2019 or the commencement date, whichever is earlier, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Since the implicit rate for the Company’s leases is not readily determinable, the Company use its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis, an amount equal to the lease payments, in a similar economic environment and over a similar term.

Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as the Company does not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. The Company generally consider the economic life of its operating lease ROU assets to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. The Company has elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee. The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company reviews the impairment of its ROU assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of operating lease liabilities in any tested asset group and include the associated operating lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows.

Significant risks and uncertainties

(u) Significant risks and uncertainties

Credit risk

Assets that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents. The maximum exposure of these assets to credit risk is their carrying amount as of the balance sheet dates. On December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, approximately $71,000 and $1,950,000, respectively, was deposited with a bank in the United States which is insured by the U.S. government up to $250,000. On December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, approximately $1,083,000 and $3,070,000, respectively, were deposited in financial institutions located in mainland China, which were insured by the government authority. Under the Deposit Insurance System in China, a company’s deposits at one bank is insured for a maximum of approximately $70,000 (RMB500,000). To limit exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Company primarily place cash deposits with large financial institutions in China which management believes are of high credit quality.

The Company’s operations are carried out in mainland China. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC as well as by the general state of the PRC’s economy. In addition, the Company’s business may be influenced by changes in government policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, rates and methods of taxation and other factors.

In measuring the credit risk of accounts receivables due from the automobile purchasers (the "customers"), the Company mainly reflects the “probability of default” by the customer on its contractual obligations and considers the current financial position of the customer and the risk exposures to the customer and its likely future development.

However, as the Company only commenced the automobile transaction and related services since November 2018, there was limited historic default data and other information to make an estimate on the expected credit losses. Historically, most of the automobile purchasers would pay the Company their previously defaulted amounts within one to three months. As a result, the Company would provide full provisions on accounts receivable if the customers default on repayments for over three months. As of December 31, 2019, the Company provided an allowance for doubtful accounts of $84,415, which represents due from automobile purchasers.

In measuring the credit risk of accounts receivables due from the borrowers and investors (the “P2P customers”), the Company mainly reflects the “probability of default” by the P2P customer on its contractual obligations and considers the current financial position of the P2P customer and the risk exposures to the P2P customer and its likely future development. Historically, most of the borrowers would pay the transaction fee within one year upon (i) disbursement of the proceeds for loans or (ii) full payment of principal and interest of loan. Most of investors would pay the service fee within one year upon receipt of their investment returns.

On October 17, 2019, the Board approved the Plan for the Company to discontinue and wind down its online lending services business. As a result, the Company re-evaluated its accounts receivables from the P2P customers and decided to write off accounts receivable of $143,337 that has not been received as of December 31, 2019.

Liquidity risk and going concern

The Company is also exposed to liquidity risk, which may limit the Company’s ability to access capital resources and have liquidity to meet its commitments and business needs. Liquidity risk is controlled by the application of financial position analysis and monitoring procedures. When necessary, the Company will turn to other financial institutions and the stockholders to obtain short-term funds to meet the liquidity requirements.

The Company’s management has considered whether there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern due to the Company’s (1) recurring losses from operations, including approximately $4.8 million net loss attributable to the Company’s stockholders for the nine months ended December 31, 2019, (2) accumulated deficit of approximately $19.8 million as of December 31, 2019 and (3) negative operating cash flows of approximately $7.0 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2019.

In evaluating if there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern, the Company’s management is seeking to alleviate the going concern risk through (1) cash and cash equivalents generated from operations, (2) financing from PRC banks and other financial institutions, and (3) equity financing. The Company has certain plans to mitigate these adverse conditions and to increase the Company’s liquidity. The Company has an unused credit line of RMB400 million (approximately USD56.2 million) from a bank is China (see Note 11(ii)) which could be used as its needs to raise its working capital. The Company also has access to a universal shelf registration statement that could provide it with access to equity financing over the next twelve months. The Company believes that the available cash and cash equivalents, together with the available sources of financing from a PRC bank or equity financing should enable the Company to meet presently anticipated cash needs for at least the next twelve months from the date of the issuance of these accompanying financial statements.

However, there is a risk that the Company may face shortfalls in liquidity and that will be unable to obtain additional financing on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not available, the Company may be unable to grow its business and may be required to reduce or refocus its operations, which could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Foreign currency risk

As of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, substantially all of the Company’s operating activities and major assets and liabilities, except for the cash deposit of approximately $1,078,000 and $3,070,000, respectively, in U.S. dollars, are denominated in RMB, which are not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions take place through either the Peoples’ Bank of China (“PBOC”) or other authorized financial institutions at exchange rates quoted by PBOC. Approval of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other regulatory institutions requires a payment application together with invoices and signed contracts. The value of RMB is subject to change in central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market. When there is a significant change in value of RMB, the gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of a foreign subsidiary will be significant affected. As of December 31, 2019, RMB were depreciated from 6.71 RMB into US$1.00 at March 31, 2019 to 6.96 RMB into US$1.00 at December 31, 2019.

VIE risk

The Company believes that the VIE Agreements and the Voting Agreement are in compliance with PRC law and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit the Company’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements.

The shareholders of Sichuan Senmiao are also shareholders of the Company and therefore have no current interest in seeking to act contrary to the contractual arrangements. However, if the shareholders of Sichuan Senmiao were to reduce their interest in the Company, their interests may diverge from that of the Company and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual terms. However, the other shareholders of Jinkailong are not shareholders of the Company and there is a risk they may act in contrary to the interests of the shareholders of the Company.

The Company cannot assure that when conflicts of interest arise, the shareholders of Sichuan Senmiao or the other shareholders of Jinkailong will act in the best interests of the Company or that conflicts of interests will be resolved in the Company’s favor. In addition, the Company’s ability to control Sichuan Senmiao and Jinkailong via the VIE Agreements and Voting Agreement may not be as effective as direct equity ownership.

Further, the VIE Agreements or the Voting Agreement may not be enforced in China if the PRC government or courts consider those contracts contravene PRC laws and regulations or otherwise not enforceable for public policy reasons. If the VIE Agreements or the Voting Agreement were found to be in violation of any existing PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could:

revoke the Company’s business and operating licenses;

require the Company to discontinue or restrict operations;

restrict the Company’s right to collect revenues;

block the Company’s websites;

require the Company to restructure the operations in such a way as to compel the Company to establish a new enterprise, re-apply for the necessary licenses or relocate our businesses, staff and assets;

impose additional conditions or requirements with which the Company may not be able to comply; or

take other regulatory or enforcement actions against the Company that could be harmful to the Company’s business.

Recently issued accounting standards

(v) Recently issued accounting standards

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities. ASU 2018-17 eliminates the requirement that entities consider indirect interests held through related parties under common control in their entirety when assessing whether a decision-making fee is a variable interest. Instead, the reporting entity will consider such indirect interests on a proportionate basis. The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the timing and impact of adopting the updated provisions to its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820). The updated guidance improves the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The updated guidance if effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. The Company is currently assessing the timing and impact of adopting the updated provisions to its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance ASU 2016-13 for recognition of credit losses on financial instruments, which is effective January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted on January 1, 2019. The guidance introduces a new credit reserving model known as the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) model, which is based on expected losses, and differs significantly from the incurred loss approach used today. The CECL model requires measurement of expected credit losses not only based on historical experience and current conditions, but also by including reasonable and supportable forecasts incorporating forward-looking information and will likely result in earlier recognition of credit reserves. The Company does not intend to adopt the new standard early and is currently evaluating the impact the new guidance will have on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows; however, it is expected that the new CECL model will alter the assumptions used in calculating credit losses on loans, finance lease receivables, other receivables, prepayments, contingent liabilities from guarantee services, among other financial instruments, and may result in material changes to the Company’s credit reserves.

CECL adoption will have broad impact on the financial statements of financial services firms, which will affect key profitability and solvency measures. Some of the more notable expected changes include:

Higher allowance on financial guarantee reserve and finance lease receivable levels and related deferred tax assets. While different asset types will be impacted differently, the expectation is that reserve levels will generally increase across the board for all financial firms.

Increased reserve levels may lead to a reduction in capital levels.

As a result of higher reserving levels, the expectation is that CECL will reduce cyclicality in financial firms’ results, as higher reserving in “good times” will mean that less dramatic reserve increases will be loan related income (which will continue to be recognized on a periodic basis based on the effective interest method) and the related credit losses (which will be recognized up front at origination). This will make periods of loan expansion seem less profitable due to the immediate recognition of expected credit losses. Periods of stable or declining loan levels will look comparatively profitable as the income trickles in for loans, where losses had been previously recognized.

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the unaudited condensed consolidated financial position, statements of operations and cash flows of the Company.