Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The components of income tax expense were as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Current:
U.S. Federal	$	34,009	$	100,572	$	45,068
U.S. State	1,413		7,287		7,238
Non-U.S.	—		—		(235)
	35,422		107,859		52,071
Deferred:
U.S. Federal	9,557		12,528		37,154
U.S. State	(737)		1,593		12,233
	8,820		14,121		49,387

Total Income Tax Expense	$	44,242	$	121,980	$	101,458

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

A reconciliation of income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% to income from operations before income tax is:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2024				2023				2022
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate	$	69,436	21.0	%	$	163,353	21.0	%	$	119,372	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	3,017		0.9		7,618		1.0		11,110		2.0
Effect of foreign income taxes	—		—		—		—		(241)		—
Excess tax depletion	(22,397)		(6.8)		(26,802)		(3.5)		(32,431)		(5.7)
Foreign derived intangible income	(4,501)		(1.4)		(23,545)		(3.0)		(4,906)		(0.9)
Uncertain tax positions	(1,452)		(0.4)		36		—		(792)		(0.1)
Compensation	1,480		0.5		2,284		0.3		4,178		0.7
Valuation allowance	—		—		—		—		(937)		(0.2)
Tax credits	(1,000)		(0.3)		(700)		(0.1)		(350)		(0.1)
State rate change and prior period adjustments	(644)		(0.2)		(809)		(0.1)		5,397		0.9
Other	303		0.1		545		0.1		1,058		0.2
Income Tax Expense / Effective Rate	$	44,242	13.4	%	$	121,980	15.7	%	$	101,458	17.8	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:


	December 31,
	2024		2023
Deferred Tax Asset:
Asset retirement obligations	$	40,445	$	41,400
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	40,226		47,730
Pneumoconiosis benefits	31,663		33,867










Other	44,735		28,280
Total Deferred Tax Asset	157,069		151,277



Deferred Tax Liability:
Equity Partnerships	(155,039)		(122,220)
Property, plant and equipment	(39,154)		(52,409)
Other	(12,090)		(12,867)



Total Deferred Tax Liability	(206,283)		(187,496)

Net Deferred Tax Liability	$	(49,214)	$	(36,219)

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:


	December 31,
	2024		2023

Balance at January 1	$	1,987	$	1,941
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	—		22
Additions for tax positions of prior years	—		24


Settlements	(1,987)		—

Balance at December 31	$	—	$	1,987