Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The components of income tax expense (benefit) were as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Current:
U.S. Federal	$	45,068	$	13,769	$	(5,933)
U.S. State	7,238		2,145		(2,294)
Non-U.S.	(235)		143		514
	52,071		16,057		(7,713)
Deferred:
U.S. Federal	37,154		(16,657)		10,936
U.S. State	12,233		1,897		749
	49,387		(14,760)		11,685

Total Income Tax Expense	$	101,458	$	1,297	$	3,972

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

A reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% to income (loss) from operations before income tax is:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022				2021				2020
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate	$	119,372	21.0	%	$	7,436	21.0	%	$	(1,941)	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	11,110		2.0		(642)		(1.8)		(1,109)		12.0
Effect of foreign income taxes	(241)		—		125		0.4		406		(4.4)
Excess tax depletion	(32,431)		(5.7)		(10,535)		(29.8)		—		—
Foreign derived intangible income	(4,906)		(0.9)		—		—		—		—
Uncertain tax positions	(792)		(0.1)		1,473		4.2		—		—
Compensation	4,178		0.7		3,192		9.0		1,310		(14.2)
Valuation allowance	(937)		(0.2)		(544)		(1.5)		1,479		(16.0)
Tax credits	(350)		(0.1)		(210)		(0.6)		1,150		(12.4)
Non-controlling interest	—		—		—		—		726		(7.9)
State rate change and prior period adjustments	5,397		0.9		642		1.8		1,797		(19.4)
Other	1,058		0.2		360		1.0		154		(1.6)
Income Tax Expense / Effective Rate	$	101,458	17.8	%	$	1,297	3.7	%	$	3,972	(42.9)	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Deferred Tax Asset:
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$	56,119	$	84,130
Asset retirement obligations	44,680		47,180
Pneumoconiosis benefits	33,946		47,681
Compensation	8,826		5,203
Workers' compensation	7,099		11,419
State bonus, net of Federal	2,973		4,219
Long-term disability	1,463		1,931
Financing	838		—
Net operating loss	211		937
Operating lease liability	46		135
Other	4,957		5,772
Total Deferred Tax Asset	161,158		208,607
Valuation Allowance	—		(937)
Net Deferred Tax Asset	161,158		207,670

Deferred Tax Liability:
Equity Partnerships	(118,231)		(99,811)
Property, plant and equipment	(54,322)		(40,064)
Advance mining royalties	(6,782)		(7,270)
Salary retirement	(3,737)		(2,739)
Financing	—		(640)
Right of use assets	—		(135)
Total Deferred Tax Liability	(183,072)		(150,659)

Net Deferred Tax (Liability) Asset	$	(21,914)	$	57,011

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021

Balance at January 1	$	3,633	$	—
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	384		774
Additions for tax positions of prior years	—		2,859
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(1,168)		—
Reductions due to the statute of limitations	—		—
Settlements	(908)		—

Balance at December 31	$	1,941	$	3,633