Exhibit 5.1

Goodwin Procter LLP 100 Northern Avenue
Boston, MA 02210 goodwinlaw.com +1 617 570 1000

July 18, 2018

Rubius Therapeutics, Inc.

325 Vassar Street, Suite 1A

Cambridge, MA 02139

Re:          Securities Being Registered under Registration Statement on Form S-8

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to you in connection with your filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-8 (the “Registration Statement”) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), on or about the date hereof relating to an aggregate of 18,621,525 shares (the “Shares”) of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, of Rubius Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), that may be issued pursuant to the Company’s Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, 2018 Stock Option and Incentive Plan and 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (collectively, the “Plans”).

We have reviewed such documents and made such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate to give the opinions set forth below. We have relied, without independent verification, on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinion set forth below, on certificates of officers of the Company.

The opinion set forth below is limited to the Delaware General Corporation Law.

For purposes of the opinion set forth below, we have assumed that a sufficient number of authorized but unissued shares of the Company’s Common Stock will be available for issuance when the Shares are issued.

Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized and, upon issuance and delivery against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the Plans, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

We hereby consent to the inclusion of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. In giving our consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.

Very truly yours,

/S/ GOODWIN PROCTER LLP

GOODWIN PROCTER LLP