10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the year ended December 31, 2019.
OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from   to .

Commission file number: 001‑39182

FFBW, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland	37-1962248
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
1360 South Moorland Road	53005
Brookfield, Wisconsin
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (262) 542‑4448

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC
(Title of each class to be registered)	(Name of each exchange on which each class is to be registered)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES ☐     NO ☒

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES ☐     NO ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☒     NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). YES ☒     NO ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10‑K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Act). YES ☐     NO ☒

As of March 25, 2020, there were 7,704,875 issued and outstanding shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock. The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, computed by reference to the closing price of the common stock on January 17, 2020 (the first date of trading in the Registrant’s common stock), was approximately $82.8 million.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

(1) Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Registrant (Part III).  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ITEM 1.	BUSINESS	3
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	35
ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	35
ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES	36
ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	36
ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	36
ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	36
ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA	37
ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	38
ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	47
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	47
ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	47
ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	47
ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION	48
ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	48
ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	48
ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	49
ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	49
ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	49
ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	50
ITEM 16.	FORM 10 K SUMMARY	51
	CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	F-2

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PART I

ITEM 1.        Business

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “target” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

Statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;

Statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;

Statements regarding the asset quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and

Estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:

General economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected;

Changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses;

Our ability to access cost-effective funding;

Fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;

Demand for loans and deposits in our market area;

Our ability to implement and change our business strategies;

Competition among depository and other financial institutions;

Inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, our mortgage banking revenues, the fair value of financial instruments or our level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans we have made and make;

Adverse changes in the securities or secondary mortgage markets;

Changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements, including as a result of Basel III;

The impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and the implementing regulations;

Changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios;

Technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;

The inability of third-party providers to perform as expected;

Our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;

Our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

Our ability to successfully integrate into our operations any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we may acquire and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames, and any goodwill charges related thereto;

Changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

Changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;

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Our ability to retain key employees;

Our compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to our employees; and

Changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.

Because of these and a wide variety of other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements.

BUSINESS OF FFBW, INC.

FFBW, Inc. (the “Company” or “New FFBW”) is a Maryland corporation that was incorporated in September 2019 to become the stock holding company for First Federal Bank of Wisconsin in connection with the conversion of the former FFBW, MHC from a mutual holding company to a stock holding company.  New FFBW is the successor to FFBW, Inc. a federal corporation, (“Old FFBW”), the former stock holding company of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin and majority-owned subsidiary of the former FFBW, MHC.  The conversion was completed effective January 16, 2020. In the conversion, New FFBW sold 4,268,570 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $41.5 million, and issued 3,436,430 shares of common stock in exchange for the shares of common stock of Old FFBW owned by stockholders of Old FFBW, other than FFBW, MHC, as of the effective date of the conversion.  As a result of the conversion, FFBW, MHC and Old FFBW have ceased to exist.

New FFBW conducts its business principally through its wholly owned subsidiary, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin.  Because the conversion was effective after December 31, 2019, the financial information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is the consolidated financial information for Old FFBW, the predecessor of New FFBW.

The Company’s executive offices are located at 1360 South Moorland Road, Brookfield, Wisconsin 53005 and its telephone number is (262) 542-4448. Our website address is www.firstfederalwisconsin.com. Information on this website is not and should not be considered a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

The Company is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.  At December 31, 2019, we had total assets of $292.2 million, total deposits of $217.3 million and total equity of $61.9. We recorded net income of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The Company is authorized to pursue business activities permitted by applicable laws and regulations, which may include the acquisition of banking and financial services companies. See “Supervision and Regulation – Holding Company Regulation” for a discussion of the activities that are permitted for savings and loan holding companies. We currently have no understandings or agreements to acquire other financial institutions, although we may determine to do so in the future. We may also borrow funds including for reinvestment in First Federal Bank of Wisconsin.

We neither own nor lease any property, but pay a fee to First Federal Bank of Wisconsin for the use of its premises, equipment and furniture. At the present time, we employ only persons who are officers of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin who also serve as officers of the Company. We use the support staff of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin from time to time and pay a fee to First Federal Bank of Wisconsin for the time devoted to the Company by employees of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin. However, these persons are not separately compensated by the Company. The Company may hire additional employees, as appropriate, to the extent it expands its business in the future.

BUSINESS OF FIRST FEDERAL BANK OF WISCONSIN

General

First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is a federally chartered stock savings bank, with its home office in Waukesha, Wisconsin, which is in Waukesha County, located in southeastern Wisconsin approximately 18 miles west of Milwaukee. First Federal Bank of Wisconsin was originally organized in 1922, and has operated continuously in the Milwaukee metropolitan area since that time. In May 2014, we merged with Bay View Federal Savings and Loan

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Association (“Bay View Federal”), a federal mutual saving association located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with approximately $135 million in assets as of the May 17, 2014 closing date of the merger. In the merger, Bay View Federal’s sole office located in the Bay View neighborhood of Milwaukee became a branch office of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin, thereby expanding our presence into Milwaukee County.

From our founding in 1922 until 2006, we operated as a traditional thrift institution, offering primarily residential mortgage loans and savings accounts. Beginning in 2006, we expanded our loan operations and began offering commercial products. Our commercial loan offerings have increased significantly in the last decade, including through our merger in 2014 with Bay View Federal.

In July 2016, we hired our current president and chief executive officer, Edward H. Schaefer, and since this time we have conducted an extensive review of our credit, underwriting, information technology and compliance operations. Under the leadership of Mr. Schaefer, we believe that we have significantly upgraded our loan operations, policies, procedures and controls. Among other areas, we have enhanced our commercial real estate and commercial and industrial lending infrastructure and have recently added a new senior vice president of commercial lending. Additionally, consistent with our strategy to grow our commercial loan operations, we have enhanced our suite of deposit products in order to accommodate business customers, and thereby grow our core deposits.

Subject to market conditions, we expect to continue to increase our focus on originating commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans to continue to diversify our overall loan portfolio, increase the overall yield earned on our loans and assist in managing interest rate risk. We also invest in securities, which have historically consisted of mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government sponsored enterprises, municipal securities, corporate debt securities and U.S. government and agency securities. We offer a variety of deposit accounts, including checking accounts, savings accounts, health savings accounts and certificate of deposit accounts. Additionally, we have used advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago and brokered certificates of deposit to fund our operations.

In October 2017, we consummated our reorganization in to a mutual holding company structure whereby First Federal Bank of Wisconsin became a stock bank and the wholly owned subsidiary of FFBW, Inc. Concurrently with this reorganization, FFBW, Inc. sold 44.6% of its stock to the general public, including First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s employee stock ownership plan, and issued 55.0% of its stock to FFBW, MHC, our top tier mutual holding company. Additionally, as part of the reorganization, we established a charitable foundation called FFBW Community Foundation and funded it with $250,000 in cash and 25,000 shares. The purpose of this foundation is to make contributions to support various charitable organizations operating in our community now and in the future.

In January 2020, we consummated the mutual to stock conversion of FFBW, MHC. At the effective time of the second-step conversion, FFBW, MHC and Old FFBW ceased to exist and First Federal Bank of Wisconsin became the wholly owned subsidiary of New FFBW.

Our website address is www.firstfederalwisconsin.com. The Company makes available, through links on our website, its annual report on Form 10‑K, quarterly reports on Form 10‑Q, current reports on Form 8‑K, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and statements of ownership on Forms 3, 4, 5, and 8. Investors are encouraged to access these reports and other information about our business on our website. The information found on the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference to this or any other report the Company files or furnishes to the SEC.

Market Area

We conduct our operations from our three full-service banking offices in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, which is located immediately west of Milwaukee, and our office in the Bay View neighborhood on Milwaukee’s south side. We consider our primary lending market area to be southeastern Wisconsin, however, we occasionally make loans secured by properties located outside of our primary lending market, usually to borrowers with whom we have an existing relationship and who have a presence within our primary market.

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Waukesha County contains a diverse cross section of employment sectors, with a mix of services, manufacturing, wholesale/retail trade, federal and local government, health care facilities and finance-related employment. Waukesha County had an estimated population of 400,000 as of July 2017. The Bay View neighborhood of Milwaukee is a more urban community located in the southern portion of the city of Milwaukee.

Waukesha County is primarily a suburban community and is the second wealthiest county in Wisconsin. According to the United States Census, from 2014 through 2018:

the median household income in Waukesha County was $84,331 compared to a median household income for Wisconsin of $59,209;

The median home value was $272,100, compared to $173,600 in Wisconsin;

Approximately 43.8% of the population of Waukesha County held a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared to 29.5% of Wisconsin; and

Approximately 5.0% of the population of Waukesha County had incomes below the poverty level, compared to 11.0% of Wisconsin.

Competition

We face significant competition within our market both in making loans and attracting deposits. Our market area has a high concentration of financial institutions, including large money center and regional banks, community banks and credit unions. Some of our competitors offer products and services that we currently do not offer, such as trust services and private banking. Our competition for loans and deposits comes principally from commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies and credit unions. We face additional competition for deposits from short-term money market funds, brokerage firms, mutual funds and insurance companies.

As of June 30, 2019 (the latest date for which information is available), our market share was 0.99% of total deposits in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, making us the 21st largest out of 35 banks in Waukesha County. Our market share was 0.12% of total deposits in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, making us the 23rd largest out of 28 banks in Milwaukee County.

Lending Activities

Historically, we focused on originating one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate loans, one-to-four family investor-owned residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans and multifamily loans. In recent years and going-forward, subject to market conditions and our asset-liability analysis, we expect to continue to increase our focus on originating commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans, in an ongoing effort to diversify our overall loan portfolio and increase the overall yield earned on our loans.

Since 2016, we have hired a new president and chief executive officer who has extensive commercial lending experience, as well as a new senior vice president of lending and four new loan officers, including two commercial loan officers. We anticipate hiring additional loan officers, including experienced commercial and industrial lenders, following the conversion and offering. Additionally, we continually enhance our underwriting policies and procedures. We believe that these enhanced policies and procedures will further our business strategy of growing our commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loan portfolios while maintaining a strong credit and underwriting culture.

We sell the majority of the fixed-rate conforming and eligible jumbo one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate loans that we originate, generally on a servicing-released basis, with limited or no recourse, while retaining non-eligible jumbo fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate loans in order to manage the duration and time to repricing of our loan portfolio.

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Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio, by type of loan at the dates indicated, excluding loans held for sale of $200,000, $679,000, $109,000, $592,000 and $636,000 at December 31, 2019,  2018,  2017,  2016,  2015, respectively.

	At December 31,
	2019				2018				2017
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial:
Development	$	18,222	9.5	%	$	7,801	3.9	%	$	1,498	0.9	%
Real estate		68,621	35.8			69,425	34.6			53,202	30.7
Commercial and industrial		13,681	7.2			13,142	6.4			10,135	5.9
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied		29,380	15.3			41,018	20.4			41,446	23.9
One-to-four family investor-owned		28,077	14.6			32,312	16.1			33,658	19.4
Multifamily		29,531	15.4			34,467	17.2			31,677	18.3
Consumer		4,230	2.2			2,733	1.4			1,613	0.9
Total loans		191,742	100.0	%		200,898	100.0	%		173,229	100.0	%
Deferred loan costs (fees)		(187)				(86)				(74)
Allowance for loan losses		(2,264)				(2,118)				(1,800)
Total loans, net	$	189,291			$	198,694			$	171,355

	At December 31,
	2016				2015
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial:
Development	$	2,526	1.5	%	$	4,340	2.5	%
Real estate		42,276	25.1			42,213	24.3
Commercial and industrial		7,617	4.6			8,972	5.1
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied		48,001	28.5			55,364	31.9
One-to-four family investor-owned		34,633	20.5			33,353	19.2
Multifamily		31,905	18.9			26,963	15.5
Consumer		1,582	0.9			2,555	1.5
Total loans		168,540	100.0	%		173,760	100.0	%
Deferred loan costs (fees)		(88)				(77)
Allowance for loan losses		(1,478)				(1,551)
Total loans, net	$	166,974			$	172,132

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Loan Portfolio Maturities. The following table summarizes the scheduled repayments of our loan portfolio at December 31, 2019. Demand loans, loans having no stated repayment schedule or maturity, and overdraft loans are reported as being due in the year ending December 31, 2019. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment date and do not reflect the impact of prepayments and scheduled principal amortization.

							One-to-four		One-to-four
					Commercial		family		family
	Commercial		Commercial		and		owner-		investor-
	development		real estate		industrial		occupied		owned		Multifamily		Consumer		Total
	(In thousands)
Due During the Years Ending December 31,
2020	$	4,873	$	11,394	$	5,069	$	917	$	4,738	$	1,978	$	428	$	29,397
2021		1,124		5,773		1,442		1,987		2,379		1,986		98		14,789
2022		2,010		8,905		2,722		183		2,612		5,042		11		21,485
2023 to 2024		6,581		30,666		3,437		724		5,238		11,105		555		58,306
2025 to 2029		3,634		6,116		1,011		1,582		4,219		7,715		3,138		27,415
2030 to 2034		—		2,666		—		6,080		2,529		662		—		11,937
2035 and beyond		—		3,101		—		17,907		6,362		1,043		—		28,413
Total	$	18,222	$	68,621	$	13,681	$	29,380	$	28,077	$	29,531	$	4,230	$	191,742

The following table sets forth the fixed- and adjustable-rate loans at December 31, 2019 that are contractually due after December 31, 2020.

	Due After December 31, 2020
	Fixed		Adjustable		Total
	(In thousands)
Commercial:
Development	$	13,349	$	—	$	13,349
Real estate		52,644		4,583		57,227
Commercial and industrial		8,420		192		8,612
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied		9,703		18,760		28,463
One-to-four family investor-owned		15,717		7,622		23,339
Multifamily		25,819		1,734		27,553
Consumer		871		2,931		3,802
Total	$	126,523	$	35,822	$	162,345

One-to-Four Family Owner-Occupied Residential Real Estate Lending. At December 31, 2019, we had $29.4 million of loans secured by one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate, representing 15.3% of our total loan portfolio. In addition, at December 31, 2019, we had $200,000 of residential mortgages held for sale. We originate both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one-to-four family residential real estate loans. At December 31, 2019,  72.9% of our one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate loans were fixed-rate loans, and 27.1% of such loans were adjustable-rate loans.

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Our fixed-rate one-to-four family residential real estate loans typically have terms of 10 to 15 years and are generally underwritten according to Fannie Mae guidelines when the loan balance meets such guidelines, and we refer to loans that conform to such guidelines as “conforming loans.” We generally originate both fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage loans in amounts up to the maximum conforming loan limits as established by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, which as of December 31, 2019 was $484,350 for single-family homes in our market area. We typically sell, servicing-released, our conforming and eligible jumbo fixed-rate one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate loans. We also originate loans above the lending limit for conforming loans, which are referred to as “jumbo loans” that we retain in our portfolio. Jumbo loans that we originate typically have 15 to 30 year terms and maximum loan-to-value ratios of 80%. At December 31, 2019, we had $7.2 million in jumbo loans, which represented 24.4% of our one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate loans. Our average loan size for jumbo loans was $798,000 at December 31, 2019. Virtually all of our one-to-four family residential real estate loans are secured by properties located in Waukesha County or Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.

We generally limit the loan-to-value ratios of our mortgage loans without private mortgage insurance to 85% of the sales price or appraised value, whichever is lower. Loans where the borrower obtains private mortgage insurance may be made with loan-to-value ratios up to 100%.

Our adjustable-rate one-to-four family residential real estate loans carry terms to maturity ranging from 15 to 30 years and generally have fixed rates for initial terms of five years, although we also offer terms of three or seven years, and adjust annually thereafter at a margin, which in recent years has been tied to a margin above the 12‑month Treasury rate. The maximum amount by which the interest rate may be increased or decreased is generally 2% per adjustment period, with a lifetime interest rate cap of generally 6% over the initial interest rate of the loan and a rate floor. We typically hold in our loan portfolio our adjustable-rate one-to-four family residential real estate loans.

Although adjustable-rate mortgage loans may reduce to an extent our vulnerability to changes in market interest rates because they periodically re-price, as interest rates increase the required payments due from the borrower also increase (subject to rate caps), increasing the potential for default by the borrower. At the same time, the ability of the borrower to repay the loan and the marketability of the underlying collateral may be adversely affected by higher interest rates. Upward adjustments of the contractual interest rate are also limited by our maximum periodic and lifetime rate adjustments. Moreover, the interest rates on most of our adjustable-rate loans do not adjust for up to five years after origination. As a result, the effectiveness of adjustable-rate mortgage loans in compensating for changes in general interest rates may be limited during periods of rapidly rising interest rates.

We do not offer “interest only” mortgage loans on permanent one-to-four family residential real estate loans (where the borrower pays interest for an initial period, after which the loan converts to a fully amortizing loan). We also do not offer loans that provide for negative amortization of principal, such as “Option ARM” loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on the loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of the loan. We do not have a “subprime lending” program for one-to-four family residential real estate loans (i.e., loans that generally target borrowers with weakened credit histories).

Generally, residential mortgage loans that we originate include “due-on-sale” clauses, which give us the right to declare a loan immediately due and payable in the event that, among other things, the borrower sells or otherwise disposes of the real property subject to the mortgage and the loan is not repaid. All borrowers are required to obtain title insurance for the benefit of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin. We also require homeowner’s insurance and fire and casualty insurance and, where circumstances warrant, flood insurance on properties securing real estate loans.

One-to-Four Family Investor-Owned Residential Real Estate Lending. At December 31, 2019, we had $28.1 million of loans secured by one-to-four family investor-owned residential real estate, representing 14.6% of our total loan portfolio. One-to-four family investor-owned residential real estate loans are underwritten pursuant to our commercial lending underwriting criteria. Generally, we require personal guarantees from the borrowers on these properties, and we will not make loans in excess of 80% loan to value on non-owner-occupied properties.

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We believe that there is a greater credit risk inherent in investor-owned residential properties than in owner-occupied one-to-four family residential real estate loans since, similar to commercial real estate and multifamily loans, the repayment of these loans may depend, in part, on the successful management of the property and/or the borrower’s ability to lease the units of the property. In addition, the physical condition of investor-owned properties is often below that of owner-occupied properties due to lax property maintenance standards, which has a negative impact on the value of the collateral properties.

Multifamily Residential Real Estate Loans. At December 31, 2019, multifamily residential real estate loans were $29.5 million, or 15.4%, of our total loan portfolio. Our multifamily residential real estate loans are generally secured by properties consisting of five or more rental units in our market area. In addition to originating these loans, we also purchase and participate in multifamily residential real estate loans from other financial institutions. Such loans are independently underwritten according to our policies and require satisfactory documentation review by our legal counsel before we will purchase or participate in such loans. We believe our enhanced credit underwriting and loan administration policies and procedures should address these risks.

We originate a variety of adjustable-rate multifamily residential real estate loans with terms and amortization periods generally up to 20 years, which may include balloon loans. Interest rates and payments on our adjustable-rate generally are indexed to the prime rate plus a margin. We generally include pre-payment penalties on multi-family residential real estate loans we originate.

In underwriting multifamily residential real estate loans, we consider a number of factors, which include the projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement (generally requiring a minimum of 115%), the age and condition of the collateral, the financial resources and income level of the borrower and the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar properties. Multifamily residential real estate loans are generally originated in amounts up to 75% of the appraised value or the purchase price of the property securing the loan, whichever is lower. When circumstances warrant, guarantees are obtained from multifamily residential real estate customers. In addition, the borrower’s and guarantor’s financial information on such loans is monitored on an ongoing basis by requiring periodic financial statement updates.

If we foreclose on a multifamily residential real estate loan, the marketing and liquidation period to convert the real estate asset to cash can be a lengthy process with substantial holding costs. In addition, vacancies, deferred maintenance, repairs and market stigma can result in prospective buyers expecting sale price concessions to offset their real or perceived economic losses for the time it takes them to return the property to profitability. Depending on the individual circumstances, initial charge-offs and subsequent losses on commercial real estate loans can be unpredictable and substantial.

At December 31, 2019, our largest multifamily residential real estate loan had an outstanding balance of $4.2 million and was secured by an apartment complex. At December 31, 2019, this loan was performing in accordance with its repayment terms.

Commercial Real Estate Lending. Consistent with our strategy to diversify our loan portfolio and increase our yield, we are focused on increasing our origination of commercial real estate loans. At December 31, 2019, we had $68.6 million in commercial real estate loans, representing 35.8% of our total loan portfolio. Our commercial real estate loans are generally secured by office and industrial buildings, warehouses, small retail facilities and restaurants and other special purpose commercial properties, primarily in southeastern Wisconsin.

Our commercial real estate loans generally have initial terms of 5 years and amortization terms of 5  to 20 years, with a balloon payment at the end of the initial term, and may be fixed-rate or adjustable-rate loans. Our adjustable-rate commercial real estate loans are generally tied to a margin above the prime rate. The maximum loan-to-value ratio of our commercial real estate loans is generally 80% of the lower of cost or appraised value of the property securing the loan.

At December 31, 2019, the average loan size of our outstanding commercial real estate loans was $647,000, and the largest of such loans was a $4.2 million loan secured by a hotel. This loan was performing in accordance with its repayment terms at December 31, 2019.

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We consider a number of factors in originating commercial real estate loans. We evaluate the qualifications and financial condition of the borrower, including project-level and global cash flows, credit history, and management expertise, as well as the value and condition of the property securing the loan. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, we consider the financial resources of the borrower, the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower’s payment history with us and other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, the factors we consider include the net operating income of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value of the mortgaged property and the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of net operating income to debt service). We generally require a debt service ratio of at least 1.15x. All commercial real estate loans of $250,000 or more are appraised by outside independent appraisers.

Personal guarantees are generally obtained from the principals of commercial real estate loans. We require property and casualty insurance and flood insurance if the property is determined to be in a flood zone area.

Commercial real estate loans entail greater credit risks compared to one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate loans because they typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. In addition, the payment of loans secured by income-producing properties typically depends on the successful operation of the property, as repayment of the loan generally is dependent, in large part, on sufficient income from the property to cover operating expenses and debt service. Changes in economic conditions that are not in the control of the borrower or lender could affect the value of the collateral for the loan or the future cash flow of the property. Additionally, any decline in real estate values may be more pronounced for commercial real estate than residential properties.

Commercial and Industrial Lending. At December 31, 2019, we had $13.7 million of commercial and industrial loans, representing 7.2% of our total loan portfolio. We originate commercial and industrial loans and lines of credit secured by non-real estate business assets. These loans are generally originated to small businesses in our primary market area. Our commercial and industrial loans are generally used by the borrowers for working capital purposes or for acquiring equipment, inventory or furniture, and are primarily secured by business assets other than real estate, such as business equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. Our commercial and industrial loans are generally term loans with terms of three to seven years and lines of credit with terms of one to two years, with a target loan size of $500,000 to $5.0 million. Our commercial and industrial lines of credit are generally priced on an adjustable-rate basis tied to the prime rate. Term loans are generally priced at a spread over the comparable term Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago rate. We generally obtain personal guarantees with commercial and industrial loans.

At December 31, 2019, the average loan size of our outstanding commercial and industrial loans was $187,000, and our largest outstanding commercial and industrial loan balance was a $1.5 million loan to a graphics company. This loan was performing in accordance with its repayment terms at December 31, 2019.

We typically originate commercial and industrial loans on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business, the experience and stability of the borrower’s management team, earnings projections and their underlying assumptions, and the value and marketability of any collateral securing the loan. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial and industrial loans may be substantially dependent on the success of the business itself and the general economic environment in our market area. Therefore, commercial and industrial loans that we originate have greater credit risk than one-to-four family residential real estate loans. In addition, commercial and industrial loans often result in larger outstanding balances to single borrowers, or related groups of borrowers, and also generally require substantially greater evaluation and oversight efforts.

As commercial and industrial loans typically help to drive deposit growth, we are increasing our focus on growing this segment of the loan portfolio. This will also improve diversification and increase loan portfolio yield.

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Commercial Development Loans. At December 31, 2019, we had $18.2 million, or 9.5% of our total loan portfolio, in commercial development loans. Our commercial development loans may be made for the construction and development of both one-to-four family residential real estate and commercial real estate projects. Our commercial development loans generally have initial terms of up to 12 months, during which the borrower pays interest only. Upon completion of construction, these loans convert to permanent loans. Our commercial development loans are generally underwritten pursuant to the same guidelines used for originating permanent commercial real estate loans, and have rates and terms comparable to commercial real estate loans that we originate. The maximum loan-to-value of our commercial construction loans is 65% of the lesser of the appraised value of the completed property or the contract price for the land plus the value of the improvements. Before making a commitment to fund a construction loan, we require detailed cost estimates to complete the project and an appraisal of the property by an independent licensed appraiser. Each property is inspected before disbursement of funds during the term of the construction loan. Loan proceeds are disbursed after inspection based on the percentage of completion method. All borrowers are required to obtain title insurance, property and casualty insurance, and, if the property is determined to be located in a flood zone area, flood insurance. At December 31, 2019, the unadvanced portion of total commercial development loans totaled $6.2 million. At December 31, 2019, our largest commercial development loan had a balance of $3.7 million and was secured by a retail development project and was performing in accordance with its repayment terms.

Commercial development financing generally involves greater credit risk than long-term financing on improved, owner-occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a commercial development loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion of construction compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction and other assumptions. If the estimate of construction cost is inaccurate, we may be required to advance additional funds beyond the amount originally committed in order to protect the value of the property. Moreover, if the estimated value of the completed project is inaccurate, the borrower may hold a property with a value that is insufficient to assure full repayment of the construction loan upon the sale of the property. Commercial development loans also expose us to the risk that improvements will not be completed on time in accordance with specifications and projected costs. In addition, the ultimate sale or rental of the property may not occur as anticipated.

Consumer Lending. To a much lesser extent, we offer a variety of consumer loans to individuals who reside or work in our market area, including home equity lines of credit, new and used automobile loans, boat loans, recreational vehicle loans and loans secured by certificates of deposit. At December 31, 2019, our consumer loan portfolio totaled $4.2 million, or 2.2% of our total loan portfolio. At December 31, 2019, we had no unsecured consumer loans.

Consumer loans generally have shorter terms to maturity, which reduces our exposure to changes in interest rates. In addition, management believes that offering consumer loan products helps to expand and create stronger ties to our existing customer base by increasing the number of customer relationships and providing cross-marketing opportunities.

Originations, Sales and Purchases of Loans

Most of our loan originations are generated by our loan personnel operating at our banking office locations. While we originate both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans, our ability to generate each type of loan depends upon relative borrower demand and the pricing levels as set in the local marketplace by competing banks, thrifts, credit unions, and mortgage banking companies. Our volume of real estate loan originations is influenced significantly by market interest rates, and, accordingly, the volume of our real estate loan originations can vary from period to period.

We consider our balance sheet as well as market conditions on an ongoing basis in making decisions as to whether to hold loans we originate for investment or to sell such loans to investors, choosing the strategy that is most advantageous to us from a profitability and risk management standpoint. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we sold $19.1 million and $13.0 million of one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate loans. Subject to market and economic conditions, management intends to continue this sales activity in future periods to generate gain on sale income.

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From time to time, we may purchase loan participations secured by properties within and outside of our primary lending market area in which we are not the lead lender. In these circumstances, we follow our customary loan underwriting and approval policies. At December 31, 2019, we had eight loans with an aggregate balance of $18.4 million in which we were not the lead lender, all of which were performing in accordance with their original repayment terms. We also have participated out portions of loans that exceeded our loans-to-one borrower legal lending limit and for risk diversification. At December 31, 2019, we had participated out portions of six loans with an aggregate amount of $3.0 million. Historically, we have not purchased whole loans, however, pursuant to our growth strategy, we may purchase whole loans in the future.

The following table sets forth our loan origination, purchase, sale and principal repayment activity during the periods indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
	(In thousands)
Total loans, including loans held for sale, at beginning of period	$	201,577	$	173,338	$	169,132	$	174,396	$	171,124
Loans originated:
Commercial development		7,987		4,332		2,480		1,873		832
Commercial real estate		12,172		12,635		23,892		9,011		16,784
Commercial and industrial		5,899		6,434		3,904		2,637		2,582
Residential one-to-four family owner-occupied		24,819		30,461		30,742		33,688		26,885
Residential one-to-four family investor-owned		3,287		3,580		4,795		5,783		6,212
Multifamily		4,230		10,455		8,415		5,380		2,340
Consumer		456		781		368		76		70
Total loans originated		58,850		68,678		74,596		58,448		55,705
Loans purchased:
Commercial development		2,216		—		4,000		—		—
Commercial real estate		—		5,327		418		1,975		1,890
Commercial and industrial		606		—		—		—		—
Multifamily		—		—		—		4,000		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans purchased		2,822		5,327		4,418		5,975		1,890
Loans sold:
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		(3,529)
Residential one-to-four family owner-occupied		(19,092)		(13,003)		(14,440)		(20,175)		(14,434)
Total loans sold		(19,092)		(13,003)		(14,440)		(20,175)		(17,963)
Other:
Principal repayments		(52,215)		(32,763)		(60,368)		(49,512)		(36,360)
Net loan activity		(9,635)		27,669		4,689		(5,220)		2,636
Total loans, including loans held for sale, at end of period	$	191,942	$	201,577	$	173,338	$	169,132	$	174,396

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Loan Approval Procedures and Authority

Pursuant to federal law, the aggregate amount of loans that First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is permitted to make to any one borrower or a group of related borrowers is generally limited to 15% of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s unimpaired capital and surplus (25% if the amount in excess of 15% is secured by “readily marketable collateral” or 30% for certain residential development loans).  At December 31, 2019, based on the 15% limitation, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s loans-to-one-borrower limit was approximately $7.9 million.  On the same date, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin had no borrowers with outstanding balances in excess of this amount. At December 31, 2019, our largest loan relationship with one borrower was for $7.1 million, which was secured by commercial real estate, and the underlying loans were performing in accordance with their repayment terms on that date.

Our lending is subject to written underwriting standards and origination procedures.  Decisions on loan applications are made on the basis of detailed applications submitted by the prospective borrower, credit histories that we obtain, and property valuations (consistent with our appraisal policy) prepared by outside independent licensed appraisers approved by our board of directors.  The loan applications are designed primarily to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the requested loan, and the more significant items on the application are verified through use of credit reports, bank statements and tax returns.

All loan approval amounts are based on the aggregate loans, including total balances of outstanding loans and the proposed loan to the individual borrower and any related entity. Our president and chief executive officer has individual authorization to approve loans up to $2.0 million.  Our senior vice president of commercial lending has individual authorization to approve loans up to $1.0 million.  Our Officers Loan Committee, which consists of our president and chief executive officer, senior vice president of commercial lending, and all loan officers, can approve loans up to $3.0 million in the aggregate.  Our Board Credit Committee, which consists of our president and chief executive officer and three outside directors can approve loans up to $5.0 million. Loans in excess of $5.0 million require the approval of our full board of directors.

Generally, we require title insurance or abstracts on our mortgage loans as well as fire and extended coverage casualty insurance in amounts at least equal to the principal amount of the loan or the value of improvements on the property, depending on the type of loan.

Delinquencies and Non-Performing Assets

Delinquency Procedures. When a loan payment becomes 15 days past due, we contact the customer by mailing a late notice, and loan officers may contact their customers. If a loan payment becomes 30 days past due, we mail an additional late notice and a loan-specific letter written by a collection representative, and we also place telephone calls to the borrower. These loan collection efforts continue until a loan becomes 90 days past due, at which point we would refer the loan for foreclosure proceedings unless management determines that it is in the best interest of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin to work further with the borrower to arrange a workout plan. The foreclosure process would begin when a loan becomes 120 days delinquent. From time to time we may accept deeds in lieu of foreclosure.

Loans Past Due and Nonperforming Assets.  Loans are reviewed on a regular basis. Management determines that a loan is impaired or nonperforming when it is probable at least a portion of the loan will not be collected in accordance with the original terms due to a deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or the value of the underlying collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.  When a loan is determined to be impaired, the measurement of the loan in the allowance for loan losses is based on present value of expected future cash flows, except that all collateral-dependent loans are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the collateral. Non-accrual loans are loans for which collectability is questionable and, therefore, interest on such loans will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. All loans that become 90 days or more delinquent are placed on non-accrual status unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received on a cash basis or cost recovery method.

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When we acquire real estate as a result of foreclosure, the real estate is classified as foreclosed assets.  Foreclosed assets are recorded at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Soon after acquisition, we order a new appraisal to determine the current market value of the property. Any excess of the recorded value of the loan satisfied over the market value of the property is charged against the allowance for loan losses, or, if the existing allowance is inadequate, charged to expense, in either case during the applicable period of such determination. After acquisition, all costs incurred in maintaining the property are expensed.  Costs relating to the development and improvement of the property, however, are capitalized to the extent of estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell.

Delinquent Loans. The following table sets forth our loan delinquencies by type, by amount and by percentage of type at the dates indicated.

	Loans Delinquent For
	30-89 Days			90 Days and Over			Total
	Number	Amount		Number	Amount		Number	Amount
	(Dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2019
Commercial:
Development	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—
Real estate	—		—	—		—	—		—
Commercial and industrial	—		—	—		—	—		—
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	—		—	1		346	1		346
One-to-four family investor-owned	—		—	—		—	—		—
Multifamily	—		—	—		—	—		—
Consumer	—		—	—		—	—		—
Total	—	$	—	1	$	346	1	$	346
At December 31, 2018
Commercial:
Development	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—
Real estate	—		—	—		—	—		—
Commercial and industrial	1		66	—		—	1		66
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	1		5	—		—	1		5
One-to-four family investor-owned	1		243	—		—	1		243
Multifamily	—		—	—		—	—		—
Consumer	—		—	—		—	—		—
Total	3	$	314	—	$	—	3	$	314
At December 31, 2017
Commercial:
Development	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—
Real estate	—		—	—		—	—		—
Commercial and industrial	1		75	1		114	2		189
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	4		436	1		69	5		505
One-to-four family investor-owned	3		205	2		244	5		449
Multifamily	—		—	—		—	—		—
Consumer	1		6	—		—	1		6
Total	9	$	722	4	$	427	13	$	1,149

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	Loans Delinquent For
	30-89 Days			90 Days and Over			Total
	Number	Amount		Number	Amount		Number	Amount
	(Dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2016
Commercial:
Development	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—
Real estate	—		—	—		—	—		—
Commercial and industrial	1		54	—		—	1		54
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	10		1,743	2		407	12		2,150
One-to-four family investor-owned	2		170	3		567	5		737
Multifamily	—		—	—		—	—		—
Consumer	1		2	—		—	1		2
Total	14	$	1,969	5	$	974	19	$	2,943
At December 31, 2015
Commercial:
Development	—	$	—	1	$	566	1	$	566
Real estate	—		—	—		—	—		—
Commercial and industrial	2		162	—		—	2		162
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	5		691	3		715	8		1,406
One-to-four family investor-owned	7		650	7		1,004	14		1,654
Multifamily	—		—	—		—	—		—
Consumer	3		117	2		200	5		317
Total	17	$	1,620	13	$	2,485	30	$	4,105

Nonperforming Loans. We generally cease accruing interest on our loans when contractual payments of principal or interest have become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is applied against principal or interest and is recognized on a cash basis. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

Nonperforming loans were $1.1 million, or 0.56% of total loans, at December 31, 2019 compared to $720,000, or 0.36% of total loans, at December 31, 2018 and $1.2 million, or 0.72% of total loans, at December 31, 2017.

Troubled Debt Restructurings. Loans are accounted for as troubled debt restructurings when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties that lead to a restructuring of the loan, and First Federal Bank of Wisconsin grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. These concessions include a modification of terms, such as a reduction of the stated interest rate or loan balance, a reduction of accrued interest, an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or some combination thereof to facilitate payment. Troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans. There were no additional funds committed to impaired loans as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Loans on non-accrual status at the date of modification are initially classified as non-accrual troubled debt restructurings. At December 31, 2019, we had $654,000 in non-accrual troubled debt restructurings. Our policy provides that troubled debt restructured loans are returned to accrual status after a period of satisfactory and reasonable future payment performance under the terms of the restructuring. Satisfactory payment performance is generally no less than six consecutive months of timely payments. At December 31, 2019, we had $1.2 million in accruing troubled debt restructurings.

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Nonperforming Assets. The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of our non-performing assets at the dates indicated.

	At December 31,
	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Non-accrual loans:
Commercial:
Development	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	566
Real estate		—			—			—			—			—
Commercial and industrial		14			20			114			126			—
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied		346			365			580			1,698			1,871
One-to-four family investor-owned		624			241			549			827			1,003
Multifamily		—			—			—			248			277
Consumer		86			94			—			—			200
Total non-performing loans		1,070			720			1,243			2,899			3,917
Foreclosed assets		84			69			619			667			—
Other non-performing assets		—			—			—			—			—
Total non-performing assets	$	1,154		$	789		$	1,862		$	3,566		$	3,917
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial:
Development	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	566
Real estate		—			—			—			14			—
Commercial and industrial		784			67			192			127			—
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied		744			785			630			2,104			1,685
One-to-four family investor-owned		221			241			808			2,454			927
Multifamily		—			—			—			468			277
Consumer		90			108			—			—			171
Total	$	1,839		$	1,201		$	1,630		$	5,167		$	3,626
Ratios:
Total non-performing loans to total loans		0.56	%		0.36	%		0.72	%		1.72	%		2.25	%
Total non-performing loans to total assets		0.37	%		0.27	%		0.48	%		1.20	%		1.61	%
Total non-performing assets to total assets		0.39	%		0.30	%		0.73	%		1.48	%		1.61	%

For the year ended December 31, 2019, gross interest income that would have been recorded had our non-accruing loans been current in accordance with their original terms was $55,000. Interest income recognized on such loans for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $0.

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Foreclosed Assets.  Foreclosed assets consist of property acquired through formal foreclosure, in-substance foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure, and are recorded at the lower of recorded investment or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Write-downs from recorded investment to fair value, which are required at the time of foreclosure, are charged to the allowance for loan losses. After transfer, adjustments to the carrying value of the properties that result from subsequent declines in value are charged to operations in the period in which the declines occur. During the year ended December 31, 2019, one loan totaling $84,000 secured by one-to-four family owner-occupied residential property  was transferred into foreclosed assets. We had $84,000 and $69,000 of foreclosed assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Other Loans of Concern. There were no other loans at December 31, 2019 that are not already disclosed where there is information about possible credit problems of borrowers that caused management to have serious doubts about the ability of the borrowers to comply with present loan repayment terms and that may result in disclosure of such loans in the future.

Classified Assets. Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets, such as debt and equity securities considered by the OCC to be of lesser quality, as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss reserve is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as “special mention” by our management.

When an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish general allowances in an amount deemed prudent by management to cover probable accrued losses in the loan portfolio. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to cover probable accrued losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to charge-off such amount. An institution’s determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the regulatory authorities, which may require the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.

In accordance with our loan policy, we regularly review the problem loans in our portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. Loans are listed on the “watch list” initially because of emerging financial weaknesses even though the loan is currently performing as agreed, or if the loan possesses weaknesses although currently performing. If a loan deteriorates in asset quality, the classification is changed to “special mention,” “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss” depending on the circumstances and the evaluation. Generally, loans 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status and classified “substandard.” Management reviews the status of each impaired loan on our watch list on a quarterly basis.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level which, in management’s judgment, is adequate to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The amount of the allowance is based on management’s evaluation of the collectability of the loan portfolio, including the nature of the portfolio, credit concentrations, trends in historical loss experience, specific impaired loans, and economic conditions. Allowances for impaired loans are generally determined based on collateral values or the present value of estimated cash flows. Because of uncertainties associated with regional economic conditions, collateral values, and future cash flows on impaired loans, it is reasonably possible that management’s estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio and the related allowance may change materially in the near-term. The allowance is increased by a provision for loan losses, which is charged to expense and reduced by full and partial charge-offs, net of recoveries. Changes in the allowance relating to impaired loans are

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charged or credited to the provision for loan losses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on various factors, including, but not limited to, management’s ongoing review and grading of loans, facts and issues related to specific loans, historical loan loss and delinquency experience, trends in past due and non-accrual loans, existing risk characteristics of specific loans or loan pools, the fair value of underlying collateral, current economic conditions and other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect potential credit losses.

As an integral part of their examination process, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency will periodically review our allowance for loan losses, and as a result of such reviews, we may have to adjust our allowance for loan losses. However, regulatory agencies are not directly involved in the process for establishing the allowance for loan losses as the process is our responsibility and any increase or decrease in the allowance is the responsibility of management.

Allowance for Loan Losses. The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated.

	At or For the Years Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year	$	2,118		$	1,800		$	1,478		$	1,551		$	1,167
Charge-offs:
Commercial:
Development		—			—			—			—			—
Real estate		—			—			—			—			—
Commercial and industrial		—			24			—			—			—
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied		58			—			51			255			22
One-to-four family investor-owned		—			172			82			493			74
Multifamily		—			—			—			—			—
Consumer		—			—			—			169			20
Total charge-offs		58			196			133			917			116
Recoveries:
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied		3			1			18			—			140
One-to-four family investor-owned		—			—			18			—			—
Total recoveries		3			1			36			—			140
Net charge-offs		55			195			97			917			(24)
Provision for loan losses		201			513			419			844			360
Balance at end of year	$	2,264		$	2,118		$	1,800		$	1,478		$	1,551
Ratios:
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding		0.03	%		0.10	%		0.06	%		0.53	%		(0.01)	%
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans at end of year		211.59	%		294.17	%		144.81	%		50.98	%		39.60	%
Allowance for loan losses to total loans at end of year		1.18	%		1.05	%		1.04	%		0.88	%		0.89	%

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Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses. The following table sets forth the allowance for loan losses allocated by loan category, the total loan balances by category, and the percent of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated. The allowance for loan losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories. At the dates indicated, we had no unallocated allowance for loan losses.

	At December 31,
	2019						2018
					Percent						Percent
					of Loans						of Loans
			Percent of		in				Percent of		in
			Allowance		Category				Allowance		Category
			to		to				to		to
			Total		Total				Total		Total
	Amount		Allowance		Loans		Amount		Allowance		Loans
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial:
Development	$	218	9.6	%	9.5	%	$	92	4.3	%	3.9	%
Real estate		711	31.4		35.8			697	32.9		34.6
Commercial and industrial		322	14.2		7.2			151	7.1		6.4
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied		307	13.6		15.3			433	20.5		20.4
One-to-four family investor-owned		417	18.4		14.6			407	19.2		16.1
Multifamily		280	12.4		15.4			334	15.8		17.2
Consumer		9	0.4		2.2			4	0.2		1.4
Total allowance for loan losses	$	2,264	100.0	%	100.0	%	$	2,118	100.0	%	100.0	%

	At December 31,
	2017						2016						2015
					Percent						Percent						Percent
					of Loans						of Loans						of Loans
			Percent of		in				Percent of		in				Percent of		in
			Allowance		Category				Allowance		Category				Allowance		Category
			to		to				to		to				to		to
			Total		Total				Total		Total				Total		Total
	Amount		Allowance		Loans		Amount		Allowance		Loans		Amount		Allowance		Loans
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial:
Development	$	18	1.0	%	0.9	%	$	23	1.6	%	1.5	%	$	23	1.5	%	2.5	%
Real estate		537	29.8		30.7			268	18.1		25.1			416	26.8		24.3
Commercial and industrial		105	5.8		5.9			57	3.9		4.6			58	3.7		5.1
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied		420	23.3		23.9			388	26.2		28.5			498	32.1		31.9
One-to-four family investor-owned		411	22.9		19.4			500	33.8		20.5			313	20.2		19.2
Multifamily		306	17.0		18.3			195	13.2		18.9			126	8.1		15.5
Consumer		3	0.2		0.9			47	3.2		0.9			118	7.6		1.5
Total allowance for loan losses	$	1,800	100.0	%	100.0	%	$	1,478	100.0	%	100.0	%	$	1,551	100.0	%	100.0	%

At December 31, 2019, our allowance for loan losses represented 1.18% of total loans and 211.59% of non-performing loans, and at December 31, 2018, our allowance for loan losses represented 1.05% of total loans and 294.17% of non-performing loans. There were $55,000 and $195,000 in net loan charge-offs during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Although we believe that we use the best information available to establish the allowance for loan losses, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary and results of operations could be adversely affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the determinations. Because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, the existing allowance for loan losses may not be adequate and management may determine that increases in the allowance are necessary if the quality of any portion of our loan portfolio deteriorates as a result. Any material increase in the allowance for loan losses may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Investment Activities

General. The goals of our investment policy are to provide and maintain liquidity to meet deposit withdrawal and loan funding needs, to help mitigate interest rate and market risk, to diversify our assets, and to generate a reasonable rate of return on funds within the context of our interest rate and credit risk objectives. Our board of directors is responsible for adopting our investment policy. The investment policy is reviewed annually by the board of directors. Authority to make investments under the approved investment policy guidelines is delegated to our president and chief executive officer and our chief financial officer. All investment transactions are reviewed at the next regularly scheduled meeting of the board of directors. Since 2014, we have classified all of our investment securities as available-for-sale.

We have legal authority to invest in various types of liquid assets, including U.S. Treasury obligations, securities of various government-sponsored enterprises and municipal governments, deposits at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, certificates of deposit of federally insured institutions, investment grade corporate bonds and investment grade marketable equity securities. We also are required to maintain an investment in Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago stock. While we have the authority under applicable law to invest in derivative securities, we had no investments in derivative securities at December 31, 2019.

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of our investment securities portfolio (excluding Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago common stock) at the dates indicated. At the dates indicated, all of our investment securities were held as available-for-sale.

	At December 31,
	2019				2018				2017
	Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair
	Cost		Value		Cost		Value		Cost		Value
	(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency securities	$	944	$	958	$	1,299	$	1,307	$	2,211	$	2,220
State and political subdivision securities		8,590		8,605		8,381		8,295		13,102		13,137
Mortgage-backed securities		35,095		35,482		29,164		28,536		33,908		33,467
Certificates of deposits		1,000		1,017		1,500		1,446		4,000		3,997
Corporate debt securities		2,080		2,117		4,220		4,167		5,171		5,191
Total securities available for sale	$	47,709	$	48,179	$	44,564	$	43,751	$	58,392	$	58,012

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Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The composition and maturities of the investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2019 are summarized in the following table. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the impact of prepayments or early redemptions that may occur. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effect thereof was not material. All of our investment securities at this date were held as available-for-sale.

					More than One Year				More than Five Years
	One Year or Less				through Five Years				through Ten Years				More than Ten Years				Total Securities
			Weighted				Weighted				Weighted				Weighted						Weighted
	Amortized		Average		Amortized		Average		Amortized		Average		Amortized		Average		Amortized		Fair		Average
	Cost		Yield		Cost		Yield		Cost		Yield		Cost		Yield		Cost		Value		Yield
	(Dollars in thousands)
U.S. government and agency securities	$	—	—	%	$	183	3.53	%	$	240	4.23	%	$	521	2.92	%	$	944	$	958	3.73	%
State and political subdivision securities		250	4.25			1,128	3.58			3,655	2.67			3,557	2.34			8,590		8,605	2.70
Mortgage-backed securities		4	1.71			1,620	2.40			11,543	2.69			21,928	2.73			35,095		35,482	2.70
Certificates of deposits		—	—			500	2.38			500	2.50			—	—			1,000		1,017	2.44
Corporate debt securities		1,048	4.10			1,032	2.73			—	—			—	—			2,080		2,117	3.42
Total securities available for sale	$	1,302	4.12	%	$	4,463	2.82	%	$	15,938	2.70	%	$	26,006	2.68	%	$	47,709	$	48,179	2.74	%

U.S. Government and Agency Obligations.  At December 31, 2019, we had U.S. government and agency securities totaling $1.0 million, which constituted 2.0% of our securities portfolio. While these securities generally provide lower yields than other investments in our securities investment portfolio, we maintain these investments, to the extent we deem appropriate, for liquidity purposes, as collateral for borrowings and for prepayment protection.

Corporate Debt Securities. At December 31, 2019, we had corporate debt securities totaling $2.1 million, which constituted 4.4% of our securities portfolio. All of our corporate debt securities are investment grade and have maturities not in excess of 5 years. These securities generally provide slightly higher yields than U.S. government and agency securities and mortgage-backed securities.

State and Political Subdivision (“Municipal”) Securities. At December 31, 2019, we had municipal securities totaling $8.6 million, which constituted 17.9% of our securities portfolio. Our current municipal securities have a weighted average maturity of 9.6 years. These securities often provide slightly higher after-tax yields than U.S. government and agency securities and mortgage-backed securities, but are not as liquid as other investments, so we typically maintain investments in municipal securities, to the extent appropriate, for generating returns in our investment portfolio.

Mortgage-Backed Securities. At December 31, 2019, we had mortgage-backed securities totaling $35.5 million, which constituted 73.6% of our securities portfolio, including $9.7 million of agency collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs). Of the $35.5 million of mortgage-backed securities, $8.6 million were commercial and $26.9 million were residential mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities are securities issued in the secondary market that are collateralized by pools of mortgages. Certain types of mortgage-backed securities are commonly referred to as “pass-through” certificates because the principal and interest of the underlying loans is “passed through” to investors, net of certain costs, including servicing and guarantee fees. Residential mortgage-backed securities typically are collateralized by pools of one-to-four family or multi-family mortgages, although we invest primarily in mortgage-backed securities backed by one-to-four family mortgages. Commercial mortgage-backed securities typically are collateralized by pools of commercial mortgage loans. The issuers of such securities pool and resell the participation interests in the form of securities to investors such as First Federal Bank of Wisconsin. The interest rate of the security is lower than the interest rates of the underlying loans to allow for payment of servicing and guaranty fees. All of our mortgage-backed securities are either backed by Ginnie Mae, a U.S. government agency, the Small Business Administration or government-sponsored enterprises, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

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Residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and government-sponsored enterprises are more liquid than individual mortgage loans because there is an active trading market for such securities. In addition, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities may be used to collateralize our borrowings. Investments in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities involve a risk that actual payments will be greater or less than the prepayment rate estimated at the time of purchase, which may require adjustments to the amortization of any premium or accretion of any discount relating to such interests, thereby affecting the net yield on our securities. Current prepayment speeds determine whether prepayment estimates require modification that could cause amortization or accretion adjustments.

Other Equity Securities. We held common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago in connection with our borrowing activities totaling $573,750 at December 31, 2019. The Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago common stock is carried at cost. We may be required to purchase additional Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago stock if we increase borrowings in the future. In addition, we held Bankers’ Bank stock totaling $205,900 at December 31, 2019.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance. We invest in bank-owned life insurance to provide us with a funding source for certain of our benefit plan obligations. Bank-owned life insurance also generally provides us noninterest income that is non-taxable. At December 31, 2019, our balance in bank-owned life insurance totaled $7.1 million and was issued by two insurance companies, both of which were rated AA+ by Standard & Poors.

Sources of Funds

General. Deposits have traditionally been our primary source of funds for use in lending and investment activities. We also use borrowings, primarily Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago advances, to supplement cash flow needs, lengthen the maturities of liabilities for interest rate risk purposes and to manage the cost of funds. In addition, we receive funds from scheduled loan payments, loan and mortgage-backed securities prepayments, maturities and calls of available-for-sale securities, retained earnings and income on earning assets. While scheduled loan payments and income on earning assets are relatively stable sources of funds, deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing interest rates, market conditions and levels of competition.

Deposits. Our deposits are generated primarily from residents within our primary market area. We offer a selection of deposit accounts, including noninterest-bearing checking accounts, interest-bearing checking accounts, money market accounts, statement savings, health savings and certificates of deposit. Deposit account terms vary, with the principal differences being the minimum balance required, the amount of time the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate. We have not in the past used, and currently do not hold, any brokered deposits. However, depending on our needs, we expect to utilize brokered certificates of deposit and online sources as alternative funding sources. At December 31, 2019, our core deposits, which are deposits other than certificates of deposit and deposits held in escrow for the stock subscription which closed on January 16, 2020, were $97.4 million, representing 44.8% of total deposits. As part of our business strategy, we intend to continue our effort to increase our core deposits through the commercial product line, which will allow the brokered certificates and online sources to run off upon maturity.

Interest rates, maturity terms, service fees and withdrawal penalties are established on a periodic basis. Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current operating strategies and market rates, liquidity requirements, rates paid by competitors and growth goals. The flow of deposits is influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in interest rates and competition. The variety of deposit accounts that we offer allows us to be competitive in generating deposits and to respond with flexibility to changes in our customers’ demands. Our ability to gather deposits is impacted by the competitive market in which we operate, which includes numerous financial institutions of varying sizes offering a wide range of products. We believe that deposits are a stable source of funds, but our ability to attract and maintain deposits at favorable rates will be affected by market conditions, including competition and prevailing interest rates.

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The following tables set forth the distribution of total deposit accounts, by account type, for the periods indicated.

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2019						2018						2017
	Average				Weighted		Average				Weighted		Average				Weighted
	Balance		Percent		Average Rate		Balance		Percent		Average Rate		Balance		Percent		Average Rate
	(Dollars in thousands)
Deposit type:
Noninterest- bearing checking	$	21,737	11.96	%	—	%	$	19,631	10.92	%	—	%	$	20,902	11.30	%	—	%
Interest-bearing checking		5,903	3.25		0.49			5,225	2.91		0.46			3,255	1.76		0.34
Money market		46,700	25.69		1.37			51,855	28.83		0.84			54,956	29.70		0.51
Statement savings		14,347	7.89		0.12			15,394	8.56		0.19			16,447	8.89		0.10
Health savings		11,014	6.06		0.31			11,462	6.37		0.26			11,486	6.21		0.26
Certificates of deposit		82,073	45.15		2.10			76,277	42.41		1.52			77,990	42.14		1.25
Total deposits	$	181,774	100.00	%	1.35	%	$	179,844	100.00	%	0.93	%	$	185,036	100.00	%	0.71	%

As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of our outstanding certificates of deposit in amounts greater than or equal to $250,000 was approximately $21.6 million. Included in this total is $8 million of wholesale certificates of deposit. The following table sets forth the maturity of those certificates of deposit as of December 31, 2019.

	At
	December 31,
	2019
	(In thousands)
Three months or less	$	4,347
Over three months through six months		2,634
Over six months through one year		9,161
Over one year to three years		4,292
Over three years		1,136
Total	$	21,570

Borrowed Funds. We may obtain advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago upon the security of our capital stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago and certain of our mortgage loans. Such advances may be made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities. To the extent such borrowings have different terms to repricing than our deposits, they can change our interest rate risk profile. At December 31, 2019, we had $11.5 million in advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago. At December 31, 2019, our available and unused portion of this borrowing agreement based on the amount of FHLB stock owned was $3.2 million.

Additionally, at December 31, 2019 we had a $7 million federal funds rate line of credit with the Bankers’ Bank of Wisconsin, of which $0 was drawn at December 31, 2019. We also has the authority to borrow through the Federal Reserve’s Discount Window.

The following table sets forth information concerning balances and interest rates on our borrowings at and for the periods shown:

	At or For the Years Ended
	December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at end of period	$	11,500		$	17,750		$	12,750
Average balance during period	$	15,992		$	22,552		$	17,866
Maximum outstanding at any month end	$	19,350		$	39,900		$	24,750
Weighted average interest rate at end of period		2.10	%		2.10	%		1.69	%
Average interest rate during period		2.14	%		1.92	%		1.34	%

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Expense and Tax Allocation

First Federal Bank of Wisconsin has entered into an agreement with FFBW, Inc. to provide it with certain administrative support services for compensation not less than the fair market value of the services provided. In addition, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin and FFBW, Inc. have entered into an agreement to establish a method for allocating and for reimbursing the payment of their consolidated tax liability.

Personnel

As of December 31, 2019, we had 39 full-time equivalent employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining group. Management believes that we have a good working relationship with our employees.

TAXATION

FFBW Inc. and First Federal Bank of Wisconsin are subject to federal and state income taxation in the same general manner as other corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. The following discussion of federal and state taxation is intended only to summarize material income tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to FFBW, MHC, FFBW, Inc. and First Federal Bank of Wisconsin.

Our federal and state tax returns have not been audited for the past six years.

Federal Taxation

Method of Accounting. For federal income tax purposes, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin currently reports its income and expenses on the accrual method of accounting and uses a tax year ending December 31 for filing its federal income tax returns. FFBW, Inc. and First Federal Bank of Wisconsin file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Small Business Protection Act of 1996 eliminated the use of the reserve method of accounting for income taxes on bad debt reserves by savings institutions. For taxable years beginning after 1995, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin has been subject to the same bad debt reserve rules as commercial banks. It currently utilizes the specific charge-off method under Section 582(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”).

Capital Loss Carryovers. A corporation cannot recognize capital losses in excess of capital gains generated. Generally, a financial institution may carry back capital losses to the preceding three taxable years and forward to the succeeding five taxable years. Any capital loss carryback or carryover is treated as a short-term capital loss for the year to which it is carried. As such, it is grouped with any other capital losses for the year to which it is carried and is used to offset any capital gains. Any undeducted loss remaining after the five-year carryover period is not deductible. At December 31, 2019, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin had no capital loss carryovers.

Corporate Dividends. FFBW, Inc. may generally exclude from its income 100% of dividends received from First Federal Bank of Wisconsin as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations.

State Taxation

FFBW, Inc. is subject to the Wisconsin corporate franchise (income) tax. Wisconsin imposes a corporate franchise tax of 7.9% on the combined taxable incomes of the members of FFBW’s consolidated income tax group, which will include First Federal Bank of Wisconsin.

Net Operating Loss Carryovers. Wisconsin law allows financial institutions to carry forward a Wisconsin net operating loss to the succeeding 20 taxable years. At December 31, 2019, the Company had no Wisconsin net operating loss carryovers.

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REGULATION AND SUPERVISION

General

As a federal savings association, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is subject to examination, supervision and regulation, primarily by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and, secondarily, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as deposits insurer. The federal system of regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which First Federal Bank of Wisconsin may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of depositors and the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund.

First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is also regulated to a lesser extent by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the “Federal Reserve Board,” which governs the reserves to be maintained against deposits and other matters. In addition, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is a member of and owns stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, which is one of the 11 regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank System. First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s relationship with its depositors and borrowers also is regulated to a great extent by federal law and, to a lesser extent, state law, including in matters concerning the ownership of deposit accounts and the form and content of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s loan documents.

As a savings and loan holding company, FFBW, Inc. is subject to examination and supervision by, and be required to file certain reports with, the Federal Reserve Board. FFBW, Inc. is also subject to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the federal securities laws.

Set forth below are certain material regulatory requirements that are applicable to First Federal Bank of Wisconsin and FFBW, Inc. This description of statutes and regulations is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on First Federal Bank of Wisconsin and FFBW, Inc. Any change in these laws or regulations, whether by Congress or the applicable regulatory agencies, could have a material adverse impact on FFBW, Inc., First Federal Bank of Wisconsin and their operations.

Dodd-Frank Act

The Dodd-Frank Act which became law in 2011 made significant changes to the regulatory structure for depository institutions and their holding companies. However, the Dodd-Frank Act’s changes go well beyond that and affect the lending, investments and other operations of all depository institutions. The Dodd-Frank Act required the Federal Reserve Board to set minimum capital levels for both bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies that are as stringent as those required for the insured depository subsidiaries, and the components of Tier 1 capital for holding companies were restricted to capital instruments that were then currently considered to be Tier 1 capital for insured depository institutions. Subsequent regulations issued by the Federal Reserve Board generally exempted from these requirements bank and savings and loan holding companies of less than $0 billion of consolidated assets. The legislation also established a floor for capital of insured depository institutions, and directed the federal banking regulators to implement new leverage and capital requirements that take into account off-balance sheet activities and other risks, including risks relating to securitized products and derivatives.

The Dodd-Frank Act created a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau with broad powers to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has broad rule-making authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all banks and savings institutions such as First Federal Bank of Wisconsin, including the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has examination and enforcement authority over all banks and savings institutions with more than $00 billion in assets. Banks and savings institutions with $00 billion or less in assets continue to be examined for compliance by their applicable bank regulators. The new legislation also weakened the federal preemption available for national banks and federal savings associations, and gave state attorneys general the ability to enforce applicable federal consumer protection laws.

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The Dodd-Frank Act broadened the base for FDIC insurance assessments. Assessments are now based on the average consolidated total assets less tangible equity capital of a financial institution. The legislation also permanently increased the maximum amount of deposit insurance for banks, savings institutions and credit unions to $250,000 per depositor. The Dodd-Frank Act increased stockholder influence over boards of directors by requiring publicly traded companies to give stockholders a non-binding vote on executive compensation and so-called “golden parachute” payments. The legislation also directed the Federal Reserve Board to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to bank and savings and loan holding company executives, regardless of whether the company is publicly traded. Further, the legislation required that originators of securitized loans retain a percentage of the risk for transferred loans, directed the Federal Reserve Board to regulate pricing of certain debit card interchange fees and contained a number of reforms related to mortgage originations.

Many provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act involve delayed effective dates and/or require implementing regulations. The implementation of the legislation is an ongoing process and the impact on operations cannot yet fully be assessed. The Dodd-Frank Act has resulted in, and may continue to result in, an increased regulatory burden and increased compliance, operating and interest expense for First Federal Bank of Wisconsin. However, in February 2017, the President issued an executive order that a policy of his administration would be making regulation efficient, effective, and appropriately tailored, and directed certain regulatory agencies to review and identify laws and regulations that inhibit federal regulation of the U.S. financial system in a manner consistent with the policies stated in the executive order. Any changes in laws or regulation as a result of this review could result in a repeal, amendment to or delayed implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act.

Federal Banking Regulation

Business Activities. A federal savings association derives its lending and investment powers from the Home Owners’ Loan Act, as amended, and applicable federal regulations. Under these laws and regulations, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin may invest in mortgage loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, commercial and industrial and consumer loans, certain types of debt securities and certain other assets, subject to applicable limits. The Dodd-Frank Act authorized, for the first time, the payment of interest on commercial checking accounts. First Federal Bank of Wisconsin may also establish, subject to specified investment limits, service corporation subsidiaries that may engage in certain activities not otherwise permissible for First Federal Bank of Wisconsin, including real estate investment and securities and insurance brokerage.

Examinations and Assessments.  First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is primarily supervised by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is required to file reports with and is subject to periodic examination by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is required to pay assessments to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to fund the agency’s operations.

Capital Requirements. Federal regulations require FDIC-insured depository institutions, including federal savings associations, to meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio, a total capital to risk-based assets and a Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio. The existing capital requirements were effective January 1, 2015 and are the result of a final rule implementing regulatory amendments based on recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act.

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The capital standards require the maintenance of common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, 6% and 8%, respectively. The regulations also establish a minimum required leverage ratio of at least 4% of Tier 1 capital. Common equity Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common stockholders’ equity and retained earnings. Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common equity Tier 1 and Additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital generally includes certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1 capital plus Additional Tier 1 capital) and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt. Also included in Tier 2 capital is the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that have exercised an opt-out election regarding the treatment of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”), up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. Institutions that have not exercised the AOCI opt-out have AOCI incorporated into common equity Tier 1 capital (including unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale-securities). Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations.

In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets for purposes of calculating risk-based capital ratios, an institution’s assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets (e.g., recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests), are multiplied by a risk weight factor assigned by the regulations based on the risk deemed inherent in the type of asset. Higher levels of capital are required for asset categories believed to present greater risk. For example, a risk weight of 0% is assigned to cash and U.S. government securities, a risk weight of 50% is generally assigned to prudently underwritten first lien one-to-four family residential mortgages, a risk weight of 100% is assigned to commercial and consumer loans, a risk weight of 150% is assigned to certain past due loans and a risk weight of between 0% to 600% is assigned to permissible equity interests, depending on certain specified factors.

In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer requirement was phased in beginning January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and increased each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019.

As a result of the recently enacted Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, the federal banking agencies developed the “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (the ratio of a bank’s tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion.  A “qualifying community bank” that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes.  The federal regulators jointly issued a final rule on November 4,  2019, whereby a qualifying community bank organization may elect, but is not required, to use the community bank leverage ratio capital framework effective January 1, 2020, in which case it will be considered well-capitalized so long as its community bank leverage ratio is greater than 9%, off-balance sheet exposures of 25% or less of consolidated total assets, and trading assets and liabilities of 5% or less of total consolidated assets.

At December 31, 2019, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s capital exceeded all applicable requirements including the applicable capital conservation buffer.

Loans-to-One Borrower. Generally, a federal savings association may not make a loan or extend credit to a single or related group of borrowers in excess of 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus. An additional amount may be lent, equal to 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus, if secured by “readily marketable collateral,” which generally includes certain financial instruments (but not real estate). As of December 31, 2019, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin was in compliance with the loans-to-one borrower limitations.

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Standards for Safety and Soundness. Federal law requires each federal banking agency to prescribe certain standards for all insured depository institutions. These standards relate to, among other things, internal controls, information systems and audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, compensation and other operational and managerial standards as the agency deems appropriate. Interagency guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the guidelines, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard. Failure to implement such a plan can result in further enforcement action, including the issuance of a cease and desist order or the imposition of civil money penalties.

Prompt Corrective Action. Under the federal Prompt Corrective Action statute, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is required to take supervisory actions against undercapitalized institutions under its jurisdiction, the severity of which depends upon the institution’s level of capital. An institution that has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a common equity Tier 1 ratio of less than 4.5% or a leverage ratio of less than 4% is considered to be “undercapitalized.” A savings institution that has total risk-based capital of less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0%, a common equity Tier 1 ratio of less than 3.0% or a leverage ratio that is less than 3.0% is considered to be “significantly undercapitalized.” A savings institution that has a tangible capital to assets ratio equal to or less than 2.0% is deemed to be “critically undercapitalized.”

Generally, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is required to appoint a receiver or conservator for a federal savings association that becomes “critically undercapitalized” within specific time frames. The regulations also provide that a capital restoration plan must be filed with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency within 45 days of the date that a federal savings association is deemed to have received notice that it is “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” Any holding company of a federal savings association that is required to submit a capital restoration plan must guarantee performance under the plan in an amount of up to the lesser of 5.0% of the savings association’s assets at the time it was deemed to be undercapitalized by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency or the amount necessary to restore the savings association to adequately capitalized status. This guarantee remains in place until the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency notifies the savings association that it has maintained adequately capitalized status for each of four consecutive calendar quarters. Institutions that are undercapitalized become subject to certain mandatory measures such as restrictions on capital distributions and asset growth. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency may also take any one of a number of discretionary supervisory actions against undercapitalized federal savings associations, including the issuance of a capital directive and the replacement of senior executive officers and directors.

At December 31, 2019, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin met the criteria for being considered “well capitalized,” which means that its total risk-based capital ratio exceeded 10%, its Tier 1 risk-based ratio exceeded 8.0%, its common equity Tier 1 ratio exceeded 6.5% and its leverage ratio exceeded 5.0%.

Qualified Thrift Lender Test. As a federal savings association, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin must satisfy the qualified thrift lender, or “QTL,” test. Under the QTL test, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin must maintain at least 65% of its “portfolio assets” in “qualified thrift investments” (primarily residential mortgages and related investments, including mortgage-backed securities) in at least nine months of every 12‑month period. “Portfolio assets” generally means total assets of a savings association, less the sum of specified liquid assets up to 20% of total assets, goodwill and other intangible assets, and the value of property used in the conduct of the savings association’s business.

Alternatively, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin may satisfy the QTL test by qualifying as a “domestic building and loan association” as defined in the Internal Revenue Code.

A savings association that fails the QTL test must operate under specified restrictions set forth in the Home Owners’ Loan Act. The Dodd-Frank Act made noncompliance with the QTL test subject to agency enforcement action for a violation of law. At December 31, 2019, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin satisfied the QTL test.

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Capital Distributions. Federal regulations govern capital distributions by a federal savings association, which include cash dividends, stock repurchases and other transactions charged to the savings association’s capital account. A federal savings association must file an application with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency for approval of a capital distribution if:

the total capital distributions for the applicable calendar year exceed the sum of the savings association’s net income for that year to date plus the savings association’s retained net income for the preceding two years;

the savings association would not be at least adequately capitalized following the distribution;

the distribution would violate any applicable statute, regulation, agreement or regulatory condition; or

the savings association is not eligible for expedited treatment of its filings.

Even if an application is not otherwise required, every savings association that is a subsidiary of a savings and loan holding company, such as First Federal Bank of Wisconsin, must file a notice with the Federal Reserve Board at least 30 days before the board of directors declares a dividend.

An application or notice related to a capital distribution may be disapproved if:

the federal savings association would be undercapitalized following the distribution;

the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns; or

the capital distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation or agreement.

In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Act provides that an insured depository institution shall not make any capital distribution if, after making such distribution, the institution would fail to meet any applicable regulatory capital requirement.

Community Reinvestment Act and Fair Lending Laws. All federal savings associations have a responsibility under the Community Reinvestment Act and related regulations to help meet the credit needs of their communities, including low- and moderate-income borrowers. In connection with its examination of a federal savings association, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is required to assess the federal savings association’s record of compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. A savings association’s failure to comply with the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act could, at a minimum, result in denial of certain corporate applications such as branches or mergers, or in restrictions on its activities. In addition, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act prohibit lenders from discriminating in their lending practices on the basis of characteristics specified in those statutes. The failure to comply with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act could result in enforcement actions by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, as well as other federal regulatory agencies and the Department of Justice.

The Community Reinvestment Act requires all institutions insured by the FDIC to publicly disclose their rating. First Federal Bank of Wisconsin received a “satisfactory” Community Reinvestment Act rating in its most recent federal examination.

Transactions with Related Parties. A federal savings association’s authority to engage in transactions with its affiliates is limited by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and federal regulation. An affiliate is generally a company that controls, or is under common control with an insured depository institution such as First Federal Bank of Wisconsin. FFBW, Inc. is an affiliate of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin because of its control of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin. In general, transactions between an insured depository institution and its affiliates are subject to certain quantitative limits and collateral requirements. In addition, federal regulations prohibit a savings association from lending to any of its affiliates that are engaged in activities that are not permissible for bank holding companies and from purchasing the securities of any affiliate, other than a subsidiary. Finally, transactions with affiliates must be consistent with safe and sound banking practices, not involve the purchase of low-quality assets and be on terms that are as favorable to the institution as comparable transactions with non-affiliates.

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First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% stockholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O of the Federal Reserve Board. Among other things, these provisions generally require that extensions of credit to insiders:

be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features; and

not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s capital.

In addition, extensions of credit in excess of certain limits must be approved by First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s board of directors. Extensions of credit to executive officers are subject to additional limits based on the type of extension involved.

Enforcement. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency has primary enforcement responsibility over federal savings associations and has authority to bring enforcement action against all “institution-affiliated parties,” including directors, officers, stockholders, attorneys, appraisers and accountants who knowingly or recklessly participate in wrongful action likely to have an adverse effect on a federal savings association. Formal enforcement action by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency may range from the issuance of a capital directive or cease and desist order to removal of officers and/or directors of the institution to the appointment of a receiver or conservator. Civil penalties cover a wide range of violations and actions, and range up to $25,000 per day, unless a finding of reckless disregard is made, in which case penalties may be as high as $1.0 million per day. The FDIC also has the authority to terminate deposit insurance or recommend to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency that enforcement action be taken with respect to a particular savings association. If such action is not taken, the FDIC has authority to take the action under specified circumstances.

Insurance of Deposit Accounts. The Deposit Insurance Fund of the FDIC insures deposits at FDIC-insured financial institutions such as First Federal Bank of Wisconsin. Deposit accounts in First Federal Bank of Wisconsin are insured by the FDIC generally up to a maximum of $250,000 per separately insured depositor and up to a maximum of $250,000 for self-directed retirement accounts.

The FDIC charges insured depository institutions premiums to maintain the Deposit Insurance Fund. Under the FDIC’s risk-based assessment system, insured institutions were assigned a risk category based on supervisory evaluations, regulatory capital levels and certain other factors. An institution’s rate depended upon the category to which it is assigned, and certain adjustments specified by FDIC regulations. Institutions deemed less risky pay lower FDIC assessments. The Dodd-Frank Act required the FDIC to revise its procedures to base its assessments upon each insured institution’s total assets less tangible equity instead of deposits. The FDIC finalized a rule, effective April 1, 2011, that set the assessment range at 2.5 to 45 basis points of total assets less tangible equity.

Effective July 1, 2016, the FDIC adopted changes that eliminated the risk categories. Assessments for most institutions are now based on financial measures and supervisory ratings derived from statistical modeling estimating the probability of failure within three years. In conjunction with the Deposit Insurance Fund reserve ratio achieving 1.15%, the assessment range (inclusive of possible adjustments) was reduced for most banks and savings associations to 1.5 basis points to 30 basis points.

In addition to the FDIC assessments, the Financing Corporation (“FICO”) is authorized to impose and collect, with the approval of the FDIC, assessments for anticipated payments, issuance costs and custodial fees on bonds issued by the FICO in the 1980s to recapitalize the former Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. The bonds issued by the FICO matured in 2017 through 2019.

The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments. Any significant increases would have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin. First Federal Bank of Wisconsin cannot predict what assessment rates will be in the future.

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Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. We do not currently know of any practice, condition or violation that may lead to termination of our deposit insurance.

Federal Home Loan Bank System. First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which consists of 11 regional Federal Home Loan Banks. The Federal Home Loan Bank System provides a central credit facility primarily for member institutions as well as other entities involved in home mortgage lending. As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank. As of December 31, 2019, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin was in compliance with this requirement.

Final Federal Regulation. Effective July 1, 2019, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency issued a final rule implementing a section of the Economic Growth, Relief and Consumer Protection Act that permits an eligible federal savings association with total consolidated assets of $20 billion or less as of December 31, 2017, to elect to operate with national bank powers without converting to a national bank charter. An eligible savings association is a federal savings association that: (1) is well capitalized; (2) has a CAMELs composite rating of 1 or 2; (3) has a consumer compliance rating of 1 or 2; (4) has a Community Reinvestment Act rating of “outstanding” or “satisfactory,” if applicable; and (5) is not subject to an enforcement action.

Other Regulations

Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by First Federal Bank of Wisconsin are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as the:

Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;

Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves;

Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit;

Fair Credit Reporting Act, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies;

Fair Debt Collection Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies;

Truth in Savings Act; and

rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal laws.

The operations of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin also are subject to the:

Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records;

Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E promulgated thereunder, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services;

Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (also known as “Check 21”), which gives “substitute checks,” such as digital check images and copies made from that image, the same legal standing as the original paper check;

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The USA PATRIOT Act, which requires savings associations to, among other things, establish broadened anti-money laundering compliance programs, and due diligence policies and controls to ensure the detection and reporting of money laundering. Such required compliance programs are intended to supplement existing compliance requirements that also apply to financial institutions under the Bank Secrecy Act and the Office of Foreign Assets Control regulations; and

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which places limitations on the sharing of consumer financial information by financial institutions with unaffiliated third parties. Specifically, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act requires all financial institutions offering financial products or services to retail customers to provide such customers with the financial institution’s privacy policy and provide such customers the opportunity to “opt out” of the sharing of certain personal financial information with unaffiliated third parties.

Holding Company Regulation

FFBW, Inc. is a unitary savings and loan holding company subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board has enforcement authority over FFBW, Inc. and its non-savings institution subsidiaries. Among other things, this authority permits the Federal Reserve Board to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a risk to First Federal Bank of Wisconsin.

As a savings and loan holding company, FFBW, Inc.’s activities are limited to those activities permissible by law for financial holding companies (if FFBW, Inc. makes an election to be treated as a financial holding company and meets the other requirements to be a financial holding company) or multiple savings and loan holding companies. A financial holding company may engage in activities that are financial in nature, incidental to financial activities or complementary to a financial activity. Such activities include lending and other activities permitted for bank holding companies under Section 4(c)(8) of the Bank Holding Company Act, insurance and underwriting equity securities. Multiple savings and loan holding companies are authorized to engage in activities specified by federal regulation, including activities permitted for bank holding companies under Section 4(c)(8) of the Bank Holding Company Act.

Federal law prohibits a savings and loan holding company, directly or indirectly, or through one or more subsidiaries, from acquiring more than 5% of another savings institution or savings and loan holding company without prior written approval of the Federal Reserve Board, and from acquiring or retaining control of any depository institution not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In evaluating applications by holding companies to acquire savings institutions, the Federal Reserve Board must consider such things as the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the company and institution involved, the effect of the acquisition on and the risk to the federal deposit insurance fund, the convenience and needs of the community and competitive factors. A savings and loan holding company may not acquire a savings institution in another state and hold the target institution as a separate subsidiary unless it is a supervisory acquisition or the law of the state in which the target is located authorizes such acquisitions by out-of-state companies.

Savings and loan holding companies historically have not been subject to consolidated regulatory capital requirements. The Dodd-Frank Act required the Federal Reserve Board to establish minimum consolidated capital requirements for all depository institution holding companies that were as stringent as those required for the insured depository subsidiaries. However, pursuant to federal legislation, the Federal Reserve Board maintains a “small holding company” exception to the applicability of consolidated holding company capital requirements. That exception generally applies to holding companies with less than $3 billion of consolidated assets, such as FFBW, Inc. Such holding companies are not subject to the requirements unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve Board.

The Dodd-Frank Act extended the “source of strength” doctrine to savings and loan holding companies. The Federal Reserve Board has promulgated regulations implementing the “source of strength” doctrine that require holding companies to act as a source of strength to their subsidiary depository institutions by providing capital, liquidity and other support in times of financial stress.

The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends and the repurchase of shares of common stock by bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies. In general, the policy provides that dividends should be paid only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention

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by the holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. Regulatory guidance provides for prior regulatory consultation with respect to capital distributions in certain circumstances such as where the company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of capital distributions previously paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund the dividend or the company’s overall rate of earnings retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall financial condition. The ability of a holding company to pay dividends may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized. The policy statement also states that a holding company should inform the Federal Reserve Board supervisory staff prior to redeeming or repurchasing common stock or perpetual preferred stock if the holding company is experiencing financial weaknesses or if the repurchase or redemption would result in a net reduction, as of the end of a quarter, in the amount of such equity instruments outstanding compared with the beginning of the quarter in which the redemption or repurchase occurred. These regulatory policies may affect the ability of FFBW, Inc. to pay dividends, repurchase shares of common stock or otherwise engage in capital distributions.

Federal Securities Laws

FFBW, Inc.’s common stock is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. FFBW, Inc. is subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

The registration under the Securities Act of 1933 of shares of common stock issued in FFBW, Inc.’s public offering does not cover the resale of those shares. Shares of common stock purchased by persons who are not affiliates of FFBW, Inc. may be resold without registration. Shares purchased by an affiliate of FFBW, Inc. are subject to the resale restrictions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933. If FFBW, Inc. meets the current public information requirements of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, each affiliate of FFBW, Inc. that complies with the other conditions of Rule 144, including those that require the affiliate’s sale to be aggregated with those of other persons, would be able to sell in the public market, without registration, a number of shares not to exceed, in any three-month period, the greater of 1% of the outstanding shares of FFBW, Inc., or the average weekly volume of trading in the shares during the preceding four calendar weeks. In the future, FFBW, Inc. may permit affiliates to have their shares registered for sale under the Securities Act of 1933.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is intended to improve corporate responsibility, to provide for enhanced penalties for accounting and auditing improprieties at publicly traded companies and to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures pursuant to the securities laws. We have policies, procedures and systems designed to comply with these regulations, and we review and document such policies, procedures and systems to ensure continued compliance with these regulations.

Change in Control Regulations

Under the Change in Bank Control Act, no person may acquire control of a savings and loan holding company, such as FFBW, Inc., unless the Federal Reserve Board has been given 60 days’ prior written notice and has not issued a notice disapproving the proposed acquisition, taking into consideration certain factors, including the financial and managerial resources of the acquirer and the competitive effects of the acquisition. Control, as defined under federal law, means ownership, control of or holding irrevocable proxies representing more than 25% of any class of voting stock, control in any manner of the election of a majority of the institution’s directors, or a determination by the regulator that the acquirer has the power, directly or indirectly, to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of the institution. Acquisition of more than 10% of any class of a savings and loan holding company’s voting stock constitutes a rebuttable determination of control under the regulations under certain circumstances including where, as is the case with FFBW, Inc., the issuer has registered securities under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

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In addition, federal regulations provide that no company may acquire control of a savings and loan holding company without the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. Any company that acquires such control becomes a “savings and loan holding company” subject to registration, examination and regulation by the Federal Reserve Board.

Emerging Growth Company Status

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) until December 31, 2022, which is the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of Old FFBW’s sale of common stock in its 2017 initial stock offering. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to emerging growth companies.

An emerging growth company may elect to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies but must make such election when the company is first required to file a registration statement. Such an election is irrevocable during the period a company is an emerging growth company. Old FFBW elected to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies and this decision is binding on New FFBW. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of public companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

Availability of Annual Report on Form 10‑K

This Annual Report on Form 10‑K is available on our website at www.firstfederalwisconsin.com. Information on the website is not incorporated into, and is not otherwise considered a part of, this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

ITEM 1A.       Risk Factors

The presentation of Risk Factors is not required for smaller reporting companies like FFBW, Inc.

ITEM 1B.      Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

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ITEM 2.        Properties

As of December 31, 2019, the net book value of our real properties, including land, was $0.0 million. The following is a list of our offices:

		Year	Net Book Value of
		Acquired	Real
Location	Leased or Owned	or Leased	Property
			(In thousands)
Home Banking Office
1617 East Racine Avenue	Leased	2017	—
Waukesha, Wisconsin 53186
Branch Offices:
Brookfield Office	Owned	2015	4,181
1360 South Moorland Road
Brookfield, Wisconsin 53005
West Office	Owned	1984	358
1801 Summit Avenue
Waukesha, Wisconsin 53188
Bay View Office	Leased	2017	—
3974 South Howell Avenue
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53207

ITEM 3.        Legal Proceedings

We are not involved in any pending legal proceedings as a plaintiff or defendant other than routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business, and at December 31, 2019, we were not involved in any legal proceedings, the outcome of which would be material to our financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 4.        Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.        Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market, Holder and Dividend Information. The Company’s common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “FFBW.” The approximate number of holders of record of FFBW common stock as of March 31,  2020, was 250.  Certain shares of FFBW, Inc. are held in “nominee” or “street” name and accordingly, the number of beneficial owners of such shares is not known or included in the foregoing number.

FFBW does not currently pay cash dividends on its common stock. Dividend payments by FFBW are dependent on dividends it receives from First Federal Bank of Wisconsin, because FFBW has no source of income other than dividends from First Federal Bank of Wisconsin, earnings from the investment of proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock retained by FFBW and interest payments with respect to FFBW’s loan to the Employee Stock Ownership Plan. See “Item 1. Business—Supervision and Regulation—Federal Banking Regulation—Capital Distributions.”

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The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement providing that dividends should be paid only out of current earnings and only if our prospective rate of earnings retention is consistent with our capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition.  Regulatory guidance also provides for prior regulatory consultation with respect to capital distributions in certain circumstances such as where the holding company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund the dividend or the holding company’s overall rate or earnings retention is inconsistent with its capital needs and overall financial condition. In addition, First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s ability to pay dividends will be limited if it does not have the capital conservation buffer required by the new capital rules, which may limit our ability to pay dividends to stockholders.  No assurances can be given that any dividends will be paid or that, if paid, will not be reduced or eliminated in the future.  Special cash dividends, stock dividends or returns of capital, to the extent permitted by regulations and policies of the Federal Reserve Board and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, may be paid in addition to, or in lieu of, regular cash dividends.

 (b)   Report of Offering of Securities and Use of Proceeds Therefrom. Not applicable.

(c)   Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans. At December 31, 2019, there were no compensation plans under which equity securities of FFBW, Inc. were authorized for issuance other than the Equity Incentive Plan. See Part III, Item 12.

ITEM 6.        Selected Financial Data

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

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ITEM 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This discussion and analysis reflects our financial statements and other relevant statistical data, and is intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The information in this section has been derived from the audited and unaudited financial statements, which appear beginning on page F‑2 of this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

Business Strategy

Our goal is to provide long-term value to our stockholders, customers and employees and the communities we serve by executing a safe and sound business strategy that produces increasing earnings. We believe there is a significant opportunity for a community-focused bank to provide a full range of financial services to commercial and retail customers in our market area, and the increased capital we will have after the completion of the offering will enable us to compete more effectively with other financial institutions.

Our current business strategy consists of the following:

· Grow organically while managing operating expense and risk. As a result of our new executive management team and infrastructure, increased loan personnel and enhanced loan policies and procedures and credit administration processes, and given our attractive market area, we believe we are well-positioned to increase the size of our balance sheet without a proportional increase in overhead expense or operating risk.

· Grow through opportunistic bank or branch acquisitions or de novo branching. In addition to our expected organic growth, we intend to pursue a business strategy to grow through whole bank and/or branch acquisitions, in each case where we believe the acquisition would enhance over a relatively short period of time the value of our franchise and yield potential financial benefits for our stockholders. Although we believe opportunities exist to increase our market share in our historical markets, we expect to continue to expand into nearby markets in southeastern Wisconsin. We will consider expanding our branch network by establishing new (“de novo”) branches and/or adding loan production offices. The capital we are raising in the offering will also provide us the opportunity to make acquisitions of other financial institutions or branches thereof, and will help fund improvements in our operating facilities, credit reporting and customer delivery services in order to enhance our competitiveness. Our board of directors has formed a Mergers & Acquisitions Committee in order to enhance our ability to review and assess future merger and acquisition opportunities. Additionally, we believe that our experienced management team, led by our president and chief executive officer Edward H. Schaefer, will enable us to seek and review these opportunities in an efficient and prudent manner.

· Grow our loan portfolio prudently with a focus on diversifying the portfolio, particularly in commercial real estate and commercial and industrial lending. Our principal business activity historically has been the origination of residential mortgage loans for retention in our loan portfolio, and we intend to retain our presence as a mortgage lender in our market area. Since our hiring of our new president and chief executive officer in July 2016, we believe that we have implemented a stronger sales culture in our institution and we intend to continue to increase our emphasis on the origination of commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. Since 2016 we have added four new loan officers, including two commercial loan officers, and a senior vice president of lending and we intend to add additional lenders following completion of the conversion and offering. Additionally, in recent years we have conducted an extensive review of, and have enhanced, our credit, underwriting, information technology and compliance operations. We believe all of these actions have properly positioned our institution to achieve prudent, organic and consistent growth in the future. The capital we raised in our stock offering which closed in January 2020 will support an increase in our lending limits, which will enable us to originate larger loans to new and existing customers.

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· Continue to increase core deposits, with an emphasis on low cost commercial demand deposits. We seek core deposits to provide a stable source of funds to support loan growth at costs consistent with improving our net interest rate spread and margin. Core deposits also help us maintain loan-to-deposit ratios at levels consistent with regulatory expectations. We consider our core deposits to include checking accounts, money market accounts, statement savings and health savings accounts. As part of our focus on commercial loan growth, our lenders are expected to source business checking accounts from our borrowers. We have recently hired a senior vice president of lending and a senior vice president of operations. These individuals are leading our efforts to increase the origination of commercial and industrial loan and deposit relationships. In addition to these core relationships, we expect to continue to utilize non-core funding sources, such as brokered deposits and borrowings, as needed, to fund future loan growth and our operations.

· Manage credit risk to maintain a low level of non-performing assets. We believe strong asset quality is a key to our long-term financial success. Our strategy for credit risk management focuses on having an experienced team of credit professionals, well-defined policies and procedures, appropriate loan underwriting criteria and active credit monitoring. In recent years we have conducted an extensive review of, and have enhanced, our credit, underwriting and loan processing policies and procedures. Our nonperforming assets to total assets ratio was 0.39% at December 31, 2019, compared to 0.30% at December 31, 2018 and 0.73% at December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2019, the majority of our nonperforming assets were related to one-to-four family residential real estate loans, including investor-owned one-to-four family loans, as our residential borrowers experienced difficulties repaying their loans during the past recession. We will continue to increase our investment in our credit review function, both in personnel as well as ancillary systems, as necessary, in order to be able to evaluate more complex loans and better manage credit risk, which will also support our intended loan growth.

Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles used in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of income and expenses. We consider the accounting policies discussed below to be critical accounting policies. The estimates and assumptions that we use are based on historical experience and various other factors and are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, resulting in a change that could have a material impact on the carrying value of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations.

The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an “emerging growth company” we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

The following represent our critical accounting policies:

Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses is the estimated amount considered necessary to cover inherent, but unconfirmed, credit losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance is established through the provision for loan losses which is charged against income. In determining the allowance for loan losses, management makes significant estimates and has identified this policy as one of our most critical accounting policies.

Management performs a quarterly evaluation of the allowance for loan losses. Consideration is given to a variety of factors in establishing this estimate including, but not limited to, current economic conditions, delinquency statistics, geographic and industry concentrations, the adequacy of the underlying collateral, the financial strength of the

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borrower, results of internal loan reviews and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change.

The analysis has two components, specific and general allowances. The specific allowance is for unconfirmed losses related to loans that are determined to be impaired. Impairment is measured by determining the present value of expected future cash flows or, for collateral-dependent loans, the fair value of the collateral, adjusted for market conditions and selling expenses. If the fair value of the loan is less than the loan’s carrying value, a charge is recorded for the difference. The general allowance, which is for loans reviewed collectively, is determined by segregating the remaining loans by type of loan, risk weighting (if applicable) and payment history. We also analyze historical loss experience, delinquency trends, general economic conditions and geographic and industry concentrations. This analysis establishes historical loss percentages and qualitative factors that are applied to the loan groups to determine the amount of the allowance for loan losses necessary for loans that are reviewed collectively. The qualitative component is critical in determining the allowance for loan losses as certain trends may indicate the need for changes to the allowance for loan losses based on factors beyond the historical loss history. Not incorporating a qualitative component could misstate the allowance for loan losses. Actual loan losses may be significantly more than the allowances we have established which could result in a material negative effect on our financial results.

Deferred Tax Assets. We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. We exercise significant judgment in evaluating the amount and timing of recognition of the resulting tax liabilities and assets. These judgments require us to make projections of future taxable income. The judgments and estimates we make in determining our deferred tax assets, which are inherently subjective, are reviewed on a continual basis as regulatory and business factors change. Any reduction in estimated future taxable income may require us to record a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.

Fair Value Measurements. The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. First Federal Bank of Wisconsin estimates the fair value of a financial instrument and any related asset impairment using a variety of valuation methods. Where financial instruments are actively traded and have quoted market prices, quoted market prices are used for fair value. When the financial instruments are not actively traded, other observable market inputs, such as quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, may be used, if available, to determine fair value. When observable market prices do not exist, we estimate fair value. These estimates are subjective in nature and any imprecision in estimating these factors can impact the amount of gain or loss recorded. A more detailed description of the fair values measured at each level of the fair value hierarchy and the methodology utilized by the Bank can be found in Note 15 of the Financial Statements “ – Fair Value.”

Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

Total Assets. Total assets increased $29.5 million, or 11.2%, to $292.2 million at December 31, 2019 from $262.7 million at December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily a result of increases in cash and cash equivalents of $34.9 million and available for sale securities of $4.4 million,  offset in part by a  decrease in net loans of $9.4 million.

Cash and due from banks. Cash and due from banks increased $2.3 million, or 134.9%, to $4.1 million at December 31, 2019 from $1.7 million at December 31, 2018. The increase resulted primarily from the receipt of cash from stock offering subscriptions.

Fed funds sold. Fed funds sold increased $32.5 million, or 1,186.5%, to $35.3 million at December 31, 2019 from $2.7 million at December 31, 2018, primarily from the receipt of cash from stock offering subscriptions.

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Net Loans.  Net loans decreased $9.4 million, or 4.7%, to $189.3 million at December 31, 2019 from $198.7 million at December 31, 2018. The decrease resulted from the net of increases in commercial development loans of $10.4 million, or 133.6%, commercial and industrial loans of $539,000, or 4.1%, and consumer loans of $1.5 million, or 54.8%, offset by decreases of $804,000, or 1.2%, in commercial real-estate loans, $11.6 million, or 28.4%, in one-to-four family owner-occupied loans, $4.2 million, or 13.1%, in one-to-four family investor-owned loans and $4.9 million, or 14.3%, in multifamily loans.

During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we sold $19.1 million and $13.0 million, respectively, of one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate loans, on a servicing-released basis. Subject to market and economic conditions, management intends to continue this sales activity in future periods to generate gain on sale of loans income.

Available for sale securities. Available for sale securities increased $4.4 million, or 10.1%, to $48.2 million at December 31, 2019 from $43.8 million at December 31, 2018. This was a result of deploying funds received from the stock offering subscriptions.

Other equity investments.  Other equity investments increased $41,000, or 5.5%, to $780,000 at December 31, 2019 from $739,000 at December 31, 2018. This was a result of a purchase of Bankers’ Bank stock of $206,000 offset partially by a reduction in FHLB stock outstanding of $165,000.

Deposits.  Deposits increased $34.0 million, or 18.6%, to $217.3 million at December 31, 2019 from $183.2 million at December 31, 2018.  As of December 31, 2019, $52.6 million received from the stock offering subscription is included in deposits, compared to $0 as of December 31, 2018. In addition, interest-bearing checking accounts increased $1.5 million, or 28.0%, to $6.9 million at December 31, 2019 from $5.4 million at December 31, 2018, and money market accounts increased $4.8 million, or 11.4%, to $46.7 million at December 31, 2019, compared to $41.9 million at December 31, 2018.  Partially offsetting these increases, noninterest-bearing checking accounts decreased $2.0 million, or 8.9%, to $20.7 million as of December 31, 2019 compared to $22.8 million as of December 31, 2018,  savings accounts decreased $1.4 million, or 10.3%, to $12.4 million at December 31, 2019, compared to $13.8 million at December 31, 2018, health savings accounts decreased $527,000, or 4.7%, to $10.7 million at December 31, 2019, compared to $11.2 million at December 31, 2018, and certificates of deposit decreased $20.9 million, or 23.7%, to $67.2 million as of December 31, 2019 from $88.1 million as of December 31, 2018. Included in the certificates of deposit were brokered deposits of $8 million as of December 31, 2019 and $14 million as of December 31, 2018.

Borrowings. Borrowings, consisting entirely of FHLB advances, totaled $11.5 million at December 31, 2019 compared to $17.8 million at December 31, 2018. The aggregate cost of outstanding advances from the FHLB was 2.10% at December 31, 2019, compared to the Bank’s cost of deposits of 1.25% at that date.

Other liabilities. Other liabilities increased $215,000, or 16.7%, to $1.5 million at December 31, 2019 from $1.3 million at December 31, 2018.

Total Equity.  Total equity increased $1.5 million, or 2.5%, to $61.9 million at December 31, 2019 from $60.4 million at December 31, 2018. The increase resulted primarily from net income of $1.6 million, recognition of ESOP shares of $138,000, recognition of stock-based compensation of $338,000, and other comprehensive income of $937,000, partially offset by the repurchase of common stock of $1.5 million.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

General.  We had net income of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to net income of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $498,000, or 47.1%. The increase in net income was the net effect of an increase in net interest income after provision for loan losses of $255,000, or 3.2%, an increase in noninterest income of $348,000, or 49.7%, and a  decrease in noninterest expense of $79,000, or 1.1%, offset in part by an increase in income taxes of $498,000, or 47.1%.

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Interest and dividend income. Interest and dividend income increased $622,000, or 5.9%, to $11.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $10.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to a $765,000 increase in interest on loans, due to an increase in the average balance of loans of $8.5 million year to year. This was partially offset by a decrease in interest on available for sale securities of $173,000, due to a decrease in the average balance of available for sale securities of $10.7 million year to year.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $679,000, or 32.2%, to $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, from $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits increased $768,000, or 45.8%, year to year. The average cost of our interest-bearing deposits increased 48 basis points to 1.53% from 1.05%, while the average balance of interest-bearing deposits decreased by $176,000, or 0.1%, during the same period. Interest expense on borrowings, consisting entirely of FHLB advances, decreased $89,000, or 20.6%, to $343,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 from $432,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018, as the average balance of borrowings decreased $6.6 million to $16.0 million for the 2019 period from $22.6 million for 2018, even while the cost of borrowings did increase 23 basis points to 2.14% for 2019 from 1.92% for the 2018.

Net Interest Income.  Net interest income decreased $57,000, or 0.7%, to $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $8.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Average net interest-earning assets increased $6.1 million to $70.6 million for 2019 from $64.5 million for 2018. However, our net interest rate spread decreased to 2.97% for the year ended December 31, 2019 from 3.14% for the year ended December 31, 2018, and our net interest margin decreased to 3.42% for 2019 from 3.44% for 2018. This is due to margin compression earlier in the year with rate decreases from the Federal Reserve. This margin compression has slowed and even reversed in the fourth quarter. 

Provision for Loan Losses.  We recorded a provision for loan losses of $201,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to a $513,000 provision for the year ended December 31, 2018. The allowance for loan losses was $2.3 million, or 1.18% of total loans, at December 31, 2019, compared to $2.1 million, or 1.05% of total loans, at December 31, 2018. Classified (substandard, doubtful and loss) loans increased to $638,000 at December 31, 2019 from $421,000 at December 31, 2018. Total nonperforming loans increased to $1.1 million at December 31, 2019 from $720,000 at December 31, 2018. Net charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2019 were $55,000, compared to $195,000 for the prior year period. At December 31, 2019, $724,000, or 67.6%, of the nonperforming loans were contractually current.

Noninterest Income. 2019 noninterest income increased $348,000, or 49.7% in 2019 versus 2018.  The increase was primarily due to the gain on sale of loans increasing $145,000 in 2019 compared to 2018 due to management’s decision to sell more mortgage loans rather than retain these loans in portfolio to make room for higher yielding commercial loans as well as recognizing a loss of $224,000 from the sale of securities recognized in the fourth quarter of 2018. These gains were partially offset by a $21,000 reduction in service charges and other fees year-over-year.

Noninterest Expense.  Noninterest expense decreased $79,000, or 1.1%, to $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease was due primarily to a decrease of $179,000, or 22.4%, in other expense, to $619,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $798,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease was due to a reduction in FDIC insurance as well as marketing expense in 2019.  In addition, professional fees decreased $53,000, or 12.1% and foreclosed asset expenses decreased $31,000, or 86.1% year-over-year. These decreases were offset in part by an increase of $52,000, or 9.5%, in data processing expense, salaries and employee benefits of $20,000, or 0.5%, occupancy and equipment of $41,000, or 4.1%, and technology expense of $71,000, or 29.2%.

Income Tax Expense.  We recorded an income tax expense of $502,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $318,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $184,000, or 57.9%, due to increase in income before income taxes of $682,000.

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Average balances and yields. The following tables sets forth average balance sheets, average yields and costs, and certain other information at and for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effect thereof was not material. All average balances are daily average balances. Non-accrual loans were included in the computation of average balances, but have been reflected in the table as loans carrying a zero yield. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2019								2018							2017
	Average								Average							Average
	Outstanding								Outstanding					Yield/		Outstanding					Yield/
	Balance			Interest		Yield/ Rate			Balance			Interest		Rate		Balance			Interest		Rate
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	197,766		$	9,957		5.03	%	$	189,233		$	9,192	4.86	%	$	170,577		$	7,817	4.58	%
Available for sale securities		44,316			1,166		2.63	%		55,030			1,339	2.43	%		47,602			1,085	2.28
Interest-bearing deposits		3,838			73		1.90	%		2,278			42	1.84	%		7,024			79	1.12
Other equity investments		712			35		4.92	%		765			36	4.71	%		700			14	2.00
Total interest-earning assets		246,632			11,231		4.55	%		247,306			10,609	4.29	%		225,903			8,995	3.98
Noninterest-earning assets		16,638								20,763							20,454
Allowance for loan losses		(2,221)								(1,912)							(1,542)
Total assets	$	261,049							$	266,157						$	244,815
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand accounts	$	5,903			29		0.49	%	$	5,225			24	0.46	%	$	3,254			11	0.34	%
Money market accounts		46,700			638		1.37	%		51,855			433	0.84	%		54,956			282	0.51
Savings accounts		14,347			17		0.12	%		15,394			29	0.19	%		16,447			16	0.10
Health savings accounts		11,014			34		0.31	%		11,462			30	0.26	%		11,485			30	0.26
Certificates of deposit		82,073			1,727		2.10	%		76,277			1,161	1.52	%		77,990			975	1.25
Total interest-bearing deposits		160,037			2,445		1.53	%		160,213			1,677	1.05	%		164,132			1,314	0.80
Borrowings		15,992			343		2.14	%		22,552			432	1.92	%		17,866			240	1.34
Total interest-bearing liabilities		176,029			2,788		1.58	%		182,765			2,109	1.15	%		181,998			1,554	0.85
Noninterest-bearing deposits		21,737								19,631							20,902
Other non-interest bearing liabilities		2,121								229							2,083
Total liabilities		199,887								202,625							204,983
Equity		61,162								63,532							36,832
Total liabilities and equity	$	261,049							$	266,157						$	241,815
Net interest income					8,443								8,500						$	7,441
Net interest rate spread(1)							2.97	%						3.14	%						3.13	%
Net interest-earning assets(2)		70,603								64,541						$	43,905
Net interest margin(3)							3.42	%						3.44	%						3.29	%
Average of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities		140	%							135	%						124	%

(1)Interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.

(2)Net interest-earning assets represents total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(3)Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets.

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Rate/Volume Analysis

The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the periods indicated. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in average rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior period average rate). The total column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately, based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.

	For Year Ended December 31,
	2019 vs.2018
	Increase (Decrease) Due to				Total Increase
	Volume		Rate		(Decrease)
	(In thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	414	$	351	$	765
Available for sale securities		(261)		88		(173)
Interest-bearing deposits		29		2		31
Other equity investments		(2)		1		(1)
Total interest-earning assets	$	180	$	442	$	622
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand accounts	$	3	$	2	$	5
Money market accounts		(43)		248		205
Savings accounts		(2)		(10)		(12)
Health savings accounts		(1)		5		4
Certificates of deposit		88		478		566
Total deposits	$	45	$	723	$	768
Borrowings		(126)		37		(89)
Total interest-bearing liabilities		(81)		760		679
Change in net interest income	$	261	$	(318)	$	(57)

Management of Market Risk

General. Our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk because, as a financial institution, the majority of our assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Therefore, a principal part of our operations is to manage interest rate risk and limit the exposure of our financial condition and results of operations to changes in market interest rates. Our Asset/Liability Committee is responsible for evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities, for determining the level of risk that is appropriate, given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the policy and guidelines approved by our board of directors.

Our asset/liability management strategy attempts to manage the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income, our primary source of earnings. Among the techniques we use to manage interest rate risk are:

originating commercial real estate, multifamily and commercial and industrial loans, all of which tend to have shorter terms and higher interest rates than one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate loans, and which generate customer relationships that can result in larger noninterest-bearing checking accounts;

selling substantially all of our conforming and eligible jumbo, longer-term, fixed-rate one-to-four owner-occupied residential real estate loans and retaining the non-conforming and shorter-term, fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one-to-four family residential real estate loans that we originate, subject to market conditions and periodic review of our asset/liability management needs; and

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reducing our dependence on certificates of deposit to support lending and investment activities and increasing our reliance on core deposits, including checking accounts and savings accounts, which are less interest rate sensitive than certificates of deposit.

Our board of directors is responsible for the review and oversight of our executive management team and other essential operational staff which are responsible for our asset/liability analysis. These officers act as an asset/liability committee and are charged with developing and implementing an asset/liability management plan, and they meet at least quarterly to review pricing and liquidity needs and assess our interest rate risk. We currently utilize a third-party modeling program, prepared on a quarterly basis, to evaluate our sensitivity to changing interest rates, given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the guidelines approved by the board of directors.

We do not engage in hedging activities, such as engaging in futures, options or swap transactions, or investing in high-risk mortgage derivatives, such as collateralized mortgage obligation residual interests, real estate mortgage investment conduit residual interests or stripped mortgage-backed securities.

Net Portfolio Value. The Office of the Comptroller of Currency requires the computation of amounts by which the net present value of an institution’s cash flow from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items (the institution’s net portfolio value or “NPV”) would change in the event of a range of assumed changes in market interest rates.

The tables below set forth, as of December 31, 2019, the estimated changes in our NPV that would result from the designated instantaneous changes in market interest rates. Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results.

			Estimated Increase				NPV as a Percentage of Present
Change in			(Decrease) in NPV				Value of Assets (3)
Interest									Increase
Rates (basis	Estimated						NPV		(Decrease)
points) (1)	NPV (2)		Amount		Percent		Ratio (4)		(basis points)
(Dollars in thousands)
300	$	59,283	$	290	0.49	%	21.50	%	1.24	%
200		60,376		1,383	2.34	%	21.43	%	1.16
100		60,279		1,286	2.18	%	21.02	%	0.75
—		58,993		—	—	%	20.27	%	—
(100)		57,246		(1,747)	(2.96)	%	19.39	%	(0.87)

(1)Assumes an immediate uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.

(2)NPV is the discounted present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet contracts.

(3)Present value of assets represents the discounted present value of incoming cash flows on interest-earning assets.

(4)NPV Ratio represents NPV divided by the present value of assets.

The tables above indicate that at December 31, 2019, in the event of a 100 basis point decrease in interest rates, we would have experienced a 2.96%  decrease in NPV. In the event of a 200 basis point increase in interest rates at December 31, 2019, we would have experienced a 2.34%  increase in NPV.

Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodology used in the above interest rate risk measurement. Modeling changes in NPV requires making certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. In this regard, the NPV table presented assumes that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although the NPV table provides an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on NPV and will differ from actual results.

45

NPV calculations also may not reflect the fair values of financial instruments. For example, decreases in market interest rates can increase the fair values of our loans, deposits and borrowings.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, proceeds from the sale of loans, and proceeds from maturities of securities. We also have the ability to borrow from the FHLB-Chicago. At December 31, 2019, we had $11.5 million outstanding in advances from the FHLB-Chicago. At December 31, 2019 we had $3.2 million available additional FHLB-Chicago advances based on the FHLB stock owned.

Additionally, at December 31, 2019 we had a $7 million federal funds rate line of credit with the Bankers’ Bank of Wisconsin, of which $0 was drawn at December 31, 2019.

While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale investment securities. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending, and investing activities during any given period.

Our cash flows are comprised of three primary classifications: cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $2.7 million and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities, which consists primarily of disbursements for loan originations and the purchase of investment securities, offset by principal collections on loans, the sale of securities and proceeds from maturing securities, and pay downs on securities, was $5.8 million and ($14.7 million) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities, consisting of activity in deposit accounts and FHLB advances, was $26.3 million and $5.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position. We monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments. Based on our current strategy to change our mix of deposits to become less reliant on certificates of deposit, we anticipate that we will continue to allow a significant portion of higher-costing certificates of deposit to run off at maturity. We also anticipate continued use of FHLB-Chicago advances as well as continuing to utilize brokered certificates of deposit and online sources, as needed, to fund future loan growth and our operations.

At December 31, 2019, we exceeded all of our regulatory capital requirements with a Tier 1 leverage capital level of $50.4 million, or 19.4% of adjusted total assets, which is above the well-capitalized required level of $13.0 million, or 5.0%; and total risk-based capital of $52.7 million, or 27.7% of risk-weighted assets, which is above the well-capitalized required level of $21.3 million, or 10.0%. Management is not aware of any conditions or events since December 31, 2019, that would change our category.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

Commitments. As a financial services provider, we routinely are a party to various financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risks, such as commitments to extend credit and unused lines of credit. While these contractual obligations represent our potential future cash requirements, a significant portion of commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process accorded to loans we make. For additional information, see Note 11 - "Commitments and Contingencies" of the Notes to the Financial Statements beginning on page F‑2 of this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

46

Contractual Obligations. In the ordinary course of our operations, we enter into certain contractual obligations. Such obligations include operating leases for premises and equipment, agreements with respect to borrowings and deposits, and agreements with respect to securities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of the impact of recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 1‑ "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the notes to our financial statements beginning on page F‑2 of this this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates, generally, have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than does inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

ITEM 7A.        Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 8.          Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K beginning at page F‑2.

ITEM 9.          Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

ITEM 9A.       Controls and Procedures

(a)    An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Controller and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a‑15(e) promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of December 31, 2019. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Controller and Principal Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2019, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

(b)    Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting.

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting is designed under the supervision of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial

47

statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles(“GAAP”) and necessarily include some amounts based on management’s best estimates and judgments. Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures are made only in accordance with the authorization of management and the Board of Directors; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections on any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with policies and procedures may deteriorate.

As of December 31, 2019, management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based upon the framework set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework of 2013. Based upon its assessment, management believes that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 is effective using these criteria.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company (as a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company) to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

There were no changes made in our internal controls during the quarter ended December 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B.         Other Information

Date of Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of FFBW will be held on Wednesday, May 27, 2020 at 2:00 at 1360 S Moorland Rd, Brookfield, Wisconsin.

PART III

ITEM 10.        Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

FFBW, Inc. has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions. A copy of the Code is available on FFBW, Inc.’s website at www.firstfederalwisconsin.com under “About Us – Investor Relations – Governance – Governance Documents.”

The information contained under the sections captioned “Proposal I – Election of Directors” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 11.        Executive Compensation

The information contained under the section captioned “Proposal I – Election of Directors – Executive Compensation” in the definitive Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

48

ITEM 12.         Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

(a)          Securities Authorized for issuance under Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2019 with respect to compensation plans under which shares of our common stock may be issued:

			Number of Shares
			Remaining
			Available
			for Future
			Issuance
	Number of Shares to		Under Equity
	be Issued upon	Weighted	Compensation
	Exercise of	Average Exercise	Plans
	Outstanding	Price of	(Excluding Shares
	Options,	Outstanding	Reflected in the
	warrants and	Options, warrants	first
Plan Category	rights	and rights	column)(1)
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders	222,089	10.79	101,923
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders	N/A	N/A	N/A
Total	222,089	10.81	101,923

(1)Includes unexercised options and unissued restricted shares.

(b)          Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Voting Securities and Principal Holders” in the Proxy Statement.

(c)          Security Ownership of Management

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Voting Securities and Principal Holders” in the Proxy Statement.

(d)          Changes in Control

Management of the Company knows of no arrangements, including any pledge by any person of securities of the Company, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the registrant

ITEM 13.         Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the sections captioned “Proposal I – Election of Directors – Transactions with Certain Related Persons,” “– Board Independence” and “– Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors” of the Proxy Statement.

ITEM 14.         Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Proposal II – Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” of the Proxy Statement.

49

PART IV

ITEM 15.         Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)(1)     Financial Statements

The documents filed as a part of this Form 10‑K are:

(A)	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(B)	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018
(C)	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(D)	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(E)	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(F)	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(G)	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(a)(2)     Financial Statement Schedules

All financial statement schedules have been omitted as the required information is inapplicable or has been included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(a)(3)    Exhibits

3.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of FFBW(1)
3.2	Bylaws of FFBW(2)
4.1	Form of Common Stock Certificate of FFBW(2)
4.2	Description of FFBW’s Securities
10.1	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Edward H. Schaefer(3)
10.2	Amended and Employment Agreement with for Nikola Schaumberg(3)
10.3	Deferred Compensation Agreement with Edward H. Schaefer(4)
10.4	Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Agreement with Gary Riley(4)
10.5	Split-Dollar Life Agreement with Edward H. Schaefer(5)
10.6	FFBW, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan(6)
21	Subsidiaries
23	Consent of Wipfli LLP
31.1	Certification required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
	101.INS XBRL Instance Document
	101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
	101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
	101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
	101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
	101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

50

(1) Incorporated by reference to pre-effective amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S‑1 (file no. 333‑233740), filed on November 1, 2019.

(2) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S‑1 (file no. 333‑233740), filed on September 13, 2019.

(3) Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8‑K filed on January 16, 2020.

(4) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 the Registration Statement on Form S‑1 (file no. 333‑218736), filed by FFBW, Inc., a federal corporation, on June 14, 2017.

(5) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by FFBW, Inc., a federal corporation, on October 17, 2018.

(6) Incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Proxy Statement of FFBW, Inc., a federal corporation, filed on October 17, 2018

ITEM16.         Form 10‑K Summary

None.

51

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of FFBW, Inc.
Brookfield, Wisconsin

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of FFBW, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2019 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Wipfli LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015.

March 25, 2020

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

F-1

FFBW, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	4,101	$	1,746
Fed funds sold		35,276		2,742
Cash and cash equivalents		39,377		4,488
Available for sale securities, stated at fair value		48,179		43,751
Loans held for sale		200		679
Loans, net of allowance for loan and lease losses of $2,264 and $2,118, respectively		189,291		198,694
Premises and equipment, net		4,807		5,057
Foreclosed assets		84		69
Other equity investments		780		739
Accrued interest receivable		725		768
Cash value of life insurance		7,068		7,007
Other assets		1,707		1,474
TOTAL ASSETS	$	292,218	$	262,726
Liabilities and Equity
Deposits	$	217,252	$	183,205
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance		46		55
FHLB advances		11,500		17,750
Accrued interest payable		51		70
Other liabilities		1,499		1,284
Total liabilities	$	230,348	$	202,364
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value, 1,000,000 authorized, no shares issued or outstanding as of  December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)	$	—	$	—
Common stock ($0.01 par value, 19,000,000 shares authorized, 6,706,742 and 6,696,742 shares issued, 6,566,478 and 6,696,742 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)		67		67
Additional paid in capital		28,672		28,326
Unallocated common stock of Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") (230,343 and 243,303 shares at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)		(2,303)		(2,433)
Retained earnings		36,551		34,995
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes		344		(593)
Less treasury stock, 140,264 and 0 shares at cost, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively		(1,461)		—
Total equity	$	61,870	$	60,362
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	292,218	$	262,726

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

F-2

FFBW, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

	Years ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees	$	9,957	$	9,192
Securities
Taxable		1,144		1,290
Tax-exempt		22		49
Other		108		78
Total interest and dividend income		11,231		10,609
Interest Expense:
Interest-bearing deposits		2,445		1,677
Borrowed funds		343		432
Total interest expense		2,788		2,109
Net interest income		8,443		8,500
Provision for loan losses		201		513
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		8,242		7,987
Noninterest income:
Service charges and other fees		350		371
Net gain on sale of loans		389		244
Net loss on sale of securities		(4)		(204)
Increase in cash surrender value of insurance		218		194
Other noninterest income		95		95
Total noninterest income		1,048		700
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits		4,268		4,248
Occupancy and equipment		1,043		1,002
Data processing		598		546
Technology		314		243
Foreclosed assets, net		5		36
Professional fees		385		438
Other noninterest expense		619		798
Total noninterest expense		7,232		7,311
Income before income taxes		2,058		1,376
Provision for income taxes		502		318
Net income	$	1,556	$	1,058
Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.24	$	0.17
Diluted	$	0.24	$	0.17

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

F-3

FFBW, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Dollars in thousands)

	Years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Net income	$	1,556	$	1,058
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period		1,279		(637)
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income		4		204
Other comprehensive income (loss) before tax effect		1,283		(433)
Tax effect of other comprehensive income (loss) items		(346)		87
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		937		(346)
Comprehensive income	$	2,493	$	712

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

F-4

FFBW, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

						Unallocated				Accumulated
	Number			Additional		Common				Other
	of	Common		Paid-In		Stock of		Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury
	Shares	Stock		Capital		ESOP		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	6,612,500	$	66	$	28,296	$	(2,563)	$	33,937	$	(247)	$	—	$	59,489
Net income	—		—		—		—		1,058		—		—		1,058
ESOP shares committed to be released (12,960 shares)	—		—		13		130		—		—		—		143
Stock based compensation expense	84,242		1		17		—		—		—		—		18
Other comprehensive loss			—		—		—		—		(346)		—		(346)
Balance at December 31, 2018	6,696,742	$	67	$	28,326	$	(2,433)	$	34,995	$	(593)	$	—	$	60,362
Net income	—		—		—		—		1,556		—		—		1,556
ESOP shares committed to be released (12,960 shares)	—		—		8		130		—		—		—		138
Stock based compensation expense	10,000		—		338		—		—		—		—		338
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		—		937		—		937
Repurchase of common stock	(140,264)		—		—		—		—		—		(1,461)		(1,461)
Balance at December 31, 2019	6,566,478	$	67	$	28,672	$	(2,303)	$	36,551	$	344	$	(1,461)	$	61,870

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

F-5

FFBW, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollars in thousands)

	For the years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents:
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	1,556	$	1,058
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for loan losses		201		513
Depreciation		346		342
Net accretion of loan portfolio discount and deposit premium		(113)		(144)
Net amortization on securities available for sale		357		526
(Gain) loss on sales and impairments of foreclosed assets		(7)		17
Loss on sale of available for sale securities		4		204
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance		(218)		(194)
ESOP compensation		138		143
Stock based compensation		338		18
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable		43		14
Loans held for sale		479		(570)
Other assets		(579)		42
Accrued interest payable		(19)		33
Other liabilities		215		28
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	2,741	$	2,030
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities	$	4,836	$	12,874
Maturities, calls, paydowns on available for sale securities		7,327		8,091
Purchases of available for sale securities		(15,669)		(7,867)
Net (increase) decrease in loans		9,231		(27,967)
Purchases of premises and equipment		(96)		(109)
Proceeds from redemption of FHLB stock		165		—
Purchase of FHLB stock		—		(225)
Purchase of Bankers' Bank stock		(206)		—
Proceeds from redemption of life insurance		161		—
Purchase of life insurance		(4)		(255)
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets		76		792
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	5,821	$	(14,666)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits	$	34,047	$	292
Net (decrease) increase in escrow		(9)		19
Repayments of FHLB advances		(7,750)		(2,000)
Proceeds from FHLB advances		1,500		7,000
Repurchase of common stock		(1,461)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	26,327	$	5,311
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	34,889	$	(7,325)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning		4,488		11,813
Cash and cash equivalents at end	$	39,377	$	4,488
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures:
Cash paid for interest	$	2,807	$	2,076
Cash paid for income taxes		415		120
Loans transferred to foreclosed assets		84		238
Financed sales of foreclosed assets		—		21

See accompanying notes to financial statements

F-6

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

From October 2017 until January 2020, as discussed below, we operated in a two-tier mutual holding company structure. FFBW, Inc. (the “Company”) was a federal corporation that was the publicly traded stock holding company of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin (the “Bank”). At December 31, 2019, the Company had 6,566,478 shares of common stock outstanding, of which 2,929,603 shares, or 44.6%, were owned by the public, including 25,000 shares owned by FFBW Community Foundation, and the remaining 3,636,875 shares were held by FFBW, MHC (the “MHC”), a federally chartered mutual holding company and former parent company of the Company.

At December 31, 2019, the significant assets of the Company consisted of the capital stock of the Bank. The liabilities of the Company were insignificant. The Company was subject to the financial reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company was subject to regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“the Federal Reserve Board”).

First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is a community bank headquartered in Waukesha, Wisconsin that provides financial services to individuals and businesses from our offices in Waukesha, Brookfield, and the Bay View neighborhood of Milwaukee.

FFBW, Inc. (“New FFBW”), a Maryland corporation that was organized in September 2019, is a savings and loan holding headquartered in Waukesha, Wisconsin. New FFBW was formed to be the successor to the Company upon completion of the second step mutual-to-stock conversion (the “Conversion”) of the MHC. Prior to completion of the Conversion, approximately 55.4% of the shares of common stock of the Company were owned by the MHC. In conjunction with the Conversion, the MHC and the Company merged into New FFBW. The Conversion was completed on January 16, 2020. In the Conversion, New FFBW sold 4,268,570 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $41.5 million, and issued 3,436,430 shares of common stock in exchange for the shares of common stock of Old FFBW owned by stockholders of Old FFBW, other than FFBW, MHC, as of the effective date of the conversion.  As a result of the conversion, FFBW, MHC and Old FFBW have ceased to exist.

The Conversion was conducted pursuant to the MHC’s Plan of Conversion. The Plan of Conversion provided for the establishment, upon the completion of the Conversion, of special “liquidation accounts” for the benefit of certain depositors of the Bank in an amount equal to the MHC’s ownership interest in the stockholders’ equity of the Company as of the date of the latest balance sheet contained in the prospectus plus the MHC’s net assets (excluding its ownership of the Company). Following the completion of the Conversion, the Company and the Bank will not be permitted to pay dividends on their capital stock if the shareholders' equity of New FFBW, or the shareholder's equity of the Bank, would be reduced below the amount of the liquidation accounts. The liquidation accounts will be reduced annually to the extent that eligible account holders have reduced their qualifying deposits. Subsequent increases will not restore an eligible account holder's interest in the liquidation accounts. Direct costs of the conversion and public offering will be deferred and reduce the proceeds from the shares sold in the public offering. Costs of $603 have been incurred related to the conversion as of December 31, 2019.

F-7

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the JOBS Act), which was signed into law on April 5, 2012, has made numerous changes to the federal securities laws to facilitate access to capital markets. Under the JOBS Act, a company with total annual gross revenues of less than $1.07 billion during its most recently completed fiscal year qualifies as an “emerging growth company.” The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” and believes that it will continue to qualify as an “emerging growth company” until five years from the completion of the stock offering.

As an “emerging growth company,” the Company has elected to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. Accordingly, the financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the fair values of securities, fair value of financial instruments, the valuation of other real estate owned and the valuation of deferred income tax assets.

Revenue Recognition

Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.

The majority of the Company's revenue-generating transactions are not subject to ASC 606, including revenue all interest and dividend income generated from financial instruments. Certain noninterest income items, including loan servicing income, gain on sales of loans, gain on sales of securities, and other noninterest income have been evaluated to not fall with the scope of ASC 606. Elements of noninterest income that is within the scope of ASC 606, are as follows:

Service charges and other fees - The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Management reviewed the deposit account agreements, and determined that the agreements can be terminated at any time by either the Company or the account holder. Transaction fees, such as balance transfers, wires and overdraft charges are settled the day the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company's monthly service charges and maintenance fees are for services provided to the customer on a monthly basis and are considered a series of services that have the same pattern of transfer each month. The review of service charges assessed on deposit accounts included the amount of variable consideration that is a part of the monthly charges. It was found that the waiver of service charges due to insufficient funds and dormant account fees is immaterial and would not require a change in the accounting treatment for these fees under the new revenue standards. Recognition of revenue under ASC 606 did not materially change the timing or magnitude of revenue recognition.

F-8

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Interchange fees - Customers use a Bank-issued debit card to purchase goods and services, and the Company earns interchange fees on those transactions, typically a percentage of the sale amount of the transaction. The Company records the amount due when it receives the settlement from the payment network. Payments from the payment network are received and recorded into income on a daily basis. These fees are included in “service charges and other fees” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. There are no contingent debit card interchange fees recorded by the Company that could be subject to a clawback in future periods. Recognition of revenue under ASC 606 did not materially change the timing or magnitude of revenue recognition.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and balances due from banks, non-maturity deposits in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLB), and fed funds sold. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Available for Sale Securities

Securities classified as available for sale are those securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as available for sale would be based on various factors, including significant movements in interest rates, changes in the maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital requirements, and other similar factors. Securities classified as available for sale are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses are reported as increases or decreases in other comprehensive income, net of the related deferred tax effect. Realized gains or losses, determined on the basis of the cost of specific securities sold, are included in earnings. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific-identification method.

Declines in fair value of securities that are deemed to be other than temporary, if applicable, are reflected in earnings as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient enough to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Loans Acquired in a Transfer

The Company acquires loans (including debt securities) individually and in groups or portfolios. These loans are initially measured at fair value with no allowance for loan losses. The Company’s allowance for loan losses on all acquired loans reflect only those losses incurred subsequent to acquisition.

Certain acquired loans may have experienced deterioration of credit quality between origination and the Company’s acquisition of the loans. At acquisition, the Company reviews each loan to determine whether there is evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and if it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loan’s contractual terms. If both conditions exist, the Company determines whether each such loan is to be accounted for individually or whether such loans will be assembled into pools of loans based on common risk characteristics (for example, credit score, loan type, and date of origination). The Company considers expected prepayments and estimates the amount and timing of undiscounted principal, interest, and other cash flows expected at acquisition for each loan and aggregated pool of loans. The excess of the loan’s or pool’s scheduled contractual principal and interest payments over all cash flows expected at acquisition is calculated as the nonaccretable difference. The excess of cash flows expected to be collected over the fair value of each loan or pool (accretable yield) is accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool.

F-9

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

At each reporting date, the Company continues to estimate cash flows expected to be collected for each loan or pool. If expected cash flows have decreased from the acquisition date estimate, the Company recognizes an allowance for loan losses. If expected cash flows have increased from the acquisition date estimate, the Company increases the amount of accretable yield to be recognized as interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. Mortgage loans held for sale are sold with the mortgage servicing rights released by the Company. Gains or losses on sales of mortgage loans are recognized based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related mortgage loan sold.

Loans

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for deferred loan fees and costs, charge-offs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is accrued and credited to income based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan-origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method.

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in the opinion of management, there is an indication that the borrower may be unable to make payments as they become due. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged off, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is subsequently accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method until qualifying for return to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at the level considered adequate by management to provide for losses that are probable as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense as losses are estimated to have occurred. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. In determining the adequacy of the allowance balance, the Company makes evaluations of the loan portfolio and related off-balance sheet commitments, considers current economic conditions and historical loss experience, and reviews specific problem loans and other factors.

When establishing the allowance for loan losses, management categorizes loans into risk categories generally based on the nature of the collateral and the basis of repayment. These risk categories and their relevant risk characteristics are as follows:

Commercial development: These loans are secured by vacant land and/or property that are in the process of improvement. Repayment of these loans can be dependent on the sale of the property to third parties or the successful completion of the improvements by the builder for the end user. Construction loans include not only construction of new structures, but loans originated to finance additions to or alterations of existing structures. Until a permanent loan originates, or payoff occurs, all commercial construction loans secured by real estate are reported in this loan pool. Development loans also have the risk that improvements will not be completed on time, or in accordance with specifications and projected costs.

F-10

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Commercial real estate: These loans are primarily secured by office and industrial buildings, warehouses, small retail shopping facilities, and various special purpose properties, including restaurants. These loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans. Loans to closely held businesses are generally guaranteed in full by the owners of the business. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property. The cash flows of the borrowers, however, may not behave as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to the general economic factors or conditions specific to the real estate market, such as geographic location and/or purpose type.

Commercial and industrial: Commercial and industrial loans are extended primarily to small and middle market customers. Such credits typically comprise working capital loans, asset acquisition loans, and loans for other business purposes. Loans to closely held businesses are generally guaranteed in full by the owners of the business. Commercial and industrial loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of the borrowers, however, may not behave as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to economic or individual performance factors. Minimum standards and underwriting guidelines have been established for commercial and industrial loans.

One-to-four family owner-occupied: These loans are generally to individuals and are underwritten by evaluating the credit history of the borrower, the ability of the borrower to meet the debt service requirements of the loan and total debt obligations, the underlying collateral, and the loan to collateral value. Also included in this category are junior liens on one-to-four family residential properties. Underwriting standards for one-to-four family owner-occupied loans are heavily influenced by statutory requirements, which include, but are not limited to, loan-to-value and affordability ratios, risk-based pricing strategies, and documentation requirements.

One-to-four family investor-owned: These loans may be to individuals or businesses and are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property(ies). The cash flows of the borrowers, however, may not behave as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to the general economic factors or conditions specific to the real estate market, such as geographic location and/or purpose type.

Multifamily real estate: These loans include loans to finance non-farm properties with five or more units in structures primarily to accommodate households. Such credits are typically originated to finance the acquisition or refinancing of an apartment building. These loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans. Loans to closely held businesses are generally guaranteed in full by the owners of the business. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the subject multifamily property, with assumptions made for vacancy rates. Cash flows of the borrowers rely on the receipt of rental income from the tenants of the property who are themselves subject to fluctuations in national and local economic conditions and unemployment trends.

Consumer: These loans may take the form of installment loans, demand loans, or single payment loans, and are extended to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures. These loans generally include direct consumer automobile loans and credit card loans. These loans are generally smaller in size and are underwritten by evaluating the credit history of the borrower, the ability of the borrower to meet the debt service requirements of the loan and total debt obligations.

Management regularly evaluates the allowance for loan losses using the Company’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio, composition of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective since it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change.

F-11

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

A loan is impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will not collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management determines whether a loan is impaired on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the payment status, collateral value, length and reason of any payment delays, the borrower’s prior payment record, and any other relevant factors. Large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans, such as residential mortgage and consumer loans, are collectively evaluated in the allowance for loan losses analysis and are not subject to impairment analysis unless such loans have been subject to a restructuring agreement. Specific allowances for impaired loans are based on discounted cash flows of expected future payments using the loan’s initial effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the allowance for loan losses. These agencies may require the Company to make additions to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments of collectability based on information available to them at the time of their examination.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Loans are accounted for as troubled debt restructurings when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties that lead to a restructuring of the loan, and the Company grants a “concession” to the borrower that they would not otherwise consider. These concessions include a modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate or loan balance, a reduction of accrued interest, an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than a current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or some combination thereof to facilitate repayment. Troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans.

Foreclosed Assets

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value, less costs to sell, at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management, and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net expenses from foreclosed assets.

Premises and Equipment

Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Provisions for depreciation are computed on straight-line and accelerated methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Other Equity Investments

Other Equity Investments consist of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock and Bankers’ Bank stock. The Company's investment in the FHLB stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company is required to hold the stock as a member of the FHLB, and transfer of the stock is substantially restricted. The stock is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis.  The Company is required to adjust its reported value of Bankers’ Bank stock, which is considered an equity security without a readily determinable market value, if a comparable transaction is observed.

Income Taxes

Amounts provided for income tax expense are based on income reported for financial statement purposes and do not necessarily represent amounts currently payable under tax laws. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for differences between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.

F-12

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. The differences relate principally to the allowances for loan losses, deferred compensation, depreciation, FHLB stock dividends and non-accrual interest. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The tax effects from an uncertain tax position can be recognized in the financial statements only if the position is more likely than not to be sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Based on its evaluation, the Company has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax issues as components of income tax expense. During the periods shown, the Company did not recognize any interest or penalties related to income tax expense in its statements of operations.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss) is shown on the statements of comprehensive income. The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is composed of the unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale, net of tax and is shown on the statements of changes in equity. Reclassification adjustments out of other comprehensive income (loss) for losses realized on sales of securities available for sale comprise the entire balance of “net loss on sale of securities” on the statements of operations. As part of this reclassification, income tax credit of approximately $1 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2019 and income tax expense of approximately $56 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018 in “provision for income taxes” on the statements of operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into off-balance-sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit, unfunded commitments under lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they become payable.

Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key executives. Life insurance is measured at the amount that could be realized under the insurance contract as of the balance sheet date, which is generally the cash surrender value of the policy.

F-13

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Subsequent Events

Subsequent events have been evaluated through March 25, 2020, which is the date the financial statements are available to be issued.

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) could adversely impact a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impair their ability to fulfill their obligations to the Company.  The World Health Organization has declared Covid-19 to be a global pandemic indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections.

The spread of the outbreak will likely cause disruptions in the U.S. economy and is highly likely to disrupt banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates and could potentially create widespread business continuity issues for the Company. 

The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions.  If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates or is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2018 consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2019 classifications.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). For as long as the Company is an emerging growth company, it may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies. An emerging growth company may elect to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies, but must make such election when the Company is first required to file a registration statement. The Company has elected to use the extended transition period described above and intends to maintain its emerging growth company status as allowed under the JOBS Act.

The Company recently adopted the following Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).

ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers."

The objective of this new standard is to provide a common revenue standard for all entities that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods, services, or nonfinancial assets. The Company adopted this new accounting standard for the effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. The Company did not identify any changes in the timing of revenue recognition when considering the amended accounting guidance, however, the Company has included additional disclosures as required by the guidance.

F-14

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”

ASU No. 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10)”

ASU No. 2016-01 is a wide-ranging standard with several elements that will impact most financial institutions. The standard introduces new guidance that applies to most equity investments. Under the standard, equity securities can no longer be classified as available-for-sale securities. Instead, market value fluctuations on equity securities will have to be recognized directly through net income. An entity may elect to value equity investments without a readily determinable fair value at its cost minus impairment (if any) plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer, with any changes recognized through net income. The standard also eliminates certain disclosure requirements related to financial instruments. Non-public business entities will no longer have to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost in the financial statements. Public business entities (“PBEs”) will still need to make this disclosure but will no longer be required to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost. ASU 2016-01 is effective for non-PBEs for years beginning after December 15, 2018, and was effective for PBEs with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. ASU 2016-01 will require the Company to adjust its reported value of Bankers’ Bank stock, which is considered an equity security without a readily determinable market value, if a comparable transaction is observed.

The following ASUs have been issued by the FASB and may impact the Company's financial statements in future reporting periods:

ASU No. 2016-13, “Credit Losses (Topic 326).”

ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326.”

ASU No. 2019-05, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.”

ASU 2016-13 requires organizations to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption will be permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on its financial statements.

ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to the Leases Analysis.”

ASU No. 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to Topic 842."

ASU No. 2018-11, "Targeted Improvements"

For lessees, Topic 842 requires leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, along with disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU 2018-01, 2018-10 and 2018-11. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification expense recognition in the income statement.

For lessors, Topic 842 requires lessors to classify leases as sales-type, direct financing or operating leases. A lease is a sales-type lease if any one of five criteria are met, each of which indicate that the lease, in effect, transfers control of the underlying asset to the lessee. If none of those five criteria are met, but two additional criteria are both met, indicating the lessor has transferred substantially all the risks and benefits of the underlying asset to the lessee and a third party, the lease is a direct financing lease. All leases that are not sales-type or direct financing leases are operating leases.

The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) the new standard's effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest

F-15

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. The Company expects to adopt the new standard on January 1, 2021 using the effective date as its date of initial application. The Company is evaluating what impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”

This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, including the removal, modification to, and addition of certain disclosure requirements. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The majority of the disclosure changes are to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently in the process of reviewing this ASU to determine whether the modifications within will be adopted prior to the effective date. Although this ASU has a significant impact to the Company’s fair value disclosures, no additional impact to the financial statements is expected.

NOTE 2 – Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for weighted average unallocated ESOP shares, during the applicable period, excluding outstanding participating securities. Participating securities include non-vested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, though no actual shares of common stock related to restricted stock units are issued until the settlement of such units, to the extent holders of these securities receive non-forfeitable dividends or dividend equivalents at the same rate as holders of the Company’s common stock. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares determined for the basic earnings per common share computation plus the dilutive effect of stock compensation using the treasury stock method. Antidilutive options are disregarded in earnings per share calculations.

The following table presents the earnings per share calculations for the years ended December 31:

	2019		2018
Net income	$	1,556	$	1,058
Basic potential common shares
Weighted average shares outstanding		6,620,922		6,617,507
Weighted average unallocated Employee Stock Ownership Plan Shares		(236,823)		(249,783)
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		6,384,099		6,367,724
Dilutive potential common shares		222,089		—
Dilutive weighted average shares outstanding		6,606,188		6,367,724
Basic earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.17
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.17

NOTE 3 - Cash and Due from Banks

Under Regulation D, savings institutions are generally required to maintain reserve balances in cash or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank, based upon a percentage of deposits. The Company was required to maintain reserve balances on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank of $0 as of both December 31, 2019 and 2018.

In the normal course of business, the Company maintains cash and due from bank balances with correspondent banks. Balances in these accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s insured limit of $250. Management believes these financial institutions have strong credit ratings and that the credit risk related to these deposits is minimal.

F-16

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 4 – Available for Sale Securities

Amortized costs and fair values of available for sale securities are summarized as follows:

			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
December 31, 2019
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	944	$	14	$	—	$	958
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		8,590		36		(21)		8,605
Mortgage-backed securities		35,095		486		(99)		35,482
Certificates of deposit		1,000		17		—		1,017
Corporate debt securities		2,080		37		—		2,117
Total available for sale securities	$	47,709	$	590	$	(120)	$	48,179
December 31, 2018
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	1,299	$	8	$	—	$	1,307
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		8,381		17		(103)		8,295
Mortgage-backed securities		29,164		24		(652)		28,536
Certificates of deposit		1,500		1		(55)		1,446
Corporate debt securities		4,220		2		(55)		4,167
Total available for sale securities	$	44,564	$	52	$	(865)	$	43,751

Fair values of securities are estimated based on financial models or prices paid for similar securities. It is possible interest rates could change considerably, resulting in a material change in estimated fair value.

The following table presents the portion of the Company’s portfolio which has gross unrealized losses, reflecting the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		FairValue		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
December 31, 2019
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	2,569	$	(17)	$	1,059	$	(4)	$	3,628	$	(21)
Mortgage-backed securities		7,604		(57)		4,372		(42)		11,976		(99)
Total	$	10,173	$	(74)	$	5,431	$	(46)	$	15,604	$	(120)
December 31, 2018
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	175	$	—	$	113	$	—	$	288	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		—		6,142		(103)		6,142		(103)
Mortgage-backed securities		1,171		(24)		24,725		(628)		25,896		(652)
Certificates of deposit		—		—		1,195		(55)		1,195		(55)
Corporate debt securities		384		(2)		3,128		(53)		3,512		(55)
Total	$	1,730	$	(26)	$	35,303	$	(839)	$	37,033	$	(865)

F-17

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

At December 31, 2019, the investment portfolio included 14 securities available for sale, which had been in an unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months, and 18 securities available for sale, which had been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months. At December 31, 2018, the investment portfolio included 79 securities available for sale, which had been in an unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months, and 6 securities available for sale, which had been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months. Because these securities have a fixed interest rate, their fair value is sensitive to movements in market interest rates. These unrealized losses are considered temporary because the Company does not currently have the intent to sell the securities before recovery of the losses; therefore we expect to collect all contractually due amounts from these securities. Accordingly, these investments were reduced to their fair values through accumulated other comprehensive income, not through earnings.

We regularly assess our securities portfolio for OTTI. These assessments are based on the nature of the securities, the underlying collateral, the financial condition of the issuer, the extent and duration of the loss, our intent related to the individual securities, and the likelihood that we will have to sell securities prior to expected recovery. We did not have any impairment losses recognized in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities in mortgage-backed securities since the anticipated maturities are not readily determinable. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary listed below:

	December 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	1,297	$	1,306
Due after one year through 5 years		2,843		2,890
Due after 5 years through 10 years		4,395		4,418
Due after 10 years		4,079		4,083
Subtotal	$	12,614	$	12,697
Mortgage-backed securities		35,095		35,482
Total	$	47,709	$	48,179

The following is a summary of the proceeds from sales of securities available for sale, as well as gross gains and losses:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Proceeds from sale of securities	$	4,836	$	12,874
Gross gains		21		35
Gross losses		(25)		(239)

Available for sale securities with a carrying value of $999 and $960 were pledged at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

F-18

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 5 - Loans

Major classifications of loans are as follows:

	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Commercial
Development	$	18,222	$	7,801
Real estate		68,621		69,425
Commercial and industrial		13,681		13,142
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		29,380		41,018
One-to-four family investor-owned		28,077		32,312
Multifamily		29,531		34,467
Consumer		4,230		2,733
Subtotal	$	191,742	$	200,898
Deferred loan fees		(187)		(86)
Allowance for loan losses		(2,264)		(2,118)
Net loans	$	189,291	$	198,694

Deposit accounts in an overdraft position and reclassified as loans approximated $6 and $7 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

A summary of the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment is as follows:

			Residential real
			estate
Year Ended	Commercial		and consumer		Total
December 31, 2019
Beginning balance	$	940	$	1,178	$	2,118
Provision for loan losses		311		(110)		201
Loans charged off		—		(58)		(58)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		—		3		3
Total ending allowance balance	$	1,251	$	1,013	$	2,264
December 31, 2018
Beginning balance	$	660	$	1,140	$	1,800
Provision for loan losses		304		209		513
Loans charged off		(24)		(172)		(196)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		—		1		1
Total ending allowance balance	$	940	$	1,178	$	2,118

F-19

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Information about how loans were evaluated for impairment and the related allowance for loan losses follows:

			Residential real
			estate and
December 31, 2019	Commercial		consumer		Total
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	798	$	1,457	$	2,255
Collectively evaluated for impairment		99,726		89,761		189,487
Total loans	$	100,524	$	91,218	$	191,742
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	158	$	77	$	235
Collectively evaluated for impairment		1,093		936		2,029
Total allowance for loan losses	$	1,251	$	1,013	$	2,264

			Residential real
			estate and
December 31, 2018	Commercial		consumer		Total
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	87	$	1,469	$	1,556
Collectively evaluated for impairment		90,281		109,061		199,342
Total loans	$	90,368	$	110,530	$	200,898
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively evaluated for impairment		940		1,178		2,118
Total allowance for loan losses	$	940	$	1,178	$	2,118

Information regarding impaired loans follows:

	Principal		Recorded		Related		Average		Interest
As of  December 31, 2019	Balance		Investment		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
Loans with related allowance for loan losses:
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	729	$	729	$	158	$	740	$	19
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family investor-owned		415		403		77		412		—
Total loans with related allowance for loan losses		1,144		1,132		235		1,152		19
Loans with no related allowance for loan losses:
Commercial
Commercial and industrial		73		69		—		77		5
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		795		744		—		754		5
One-to-four family investor-owned		243		221		—		231		—
Consumer		114		89		—		98		—
Total loans with no related allowance for loan losses		1,225		1,123		—		1,160		10
Total impaired loans	$	2,369	$	2,255	$	235	$	2,312	$	29

F-20

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

	Principal		Recorded		Related		Average		Interest
As of December 31, 2018	Balance		Investment		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
Loans with no related allowance for loan losses:
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	89	$	87	$	—	$	93	$	5
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		1,142		1,120		—		1,137		26
One-to-four family investor-owned		248		241		—		246		—
Consumer		114		108		—		114		—
Total impaired loans	$	1,593	$	1,556	$	—	$	1,590	$	31

There were no additional funds committed to impaired loans as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

The Company regularly evaluates various attributes of loans to determine the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses. The credit quality indicators monitored differ depending on the class of loan.

Commercial loans and one-to-four family investor-owned and multifamily loans are generally evaluated using the following internally prepared ratings:

“Pass” ratings are assigned to loans with adequate collateral and debt service ability such that collectability of the contractual loan payments is highly probable.

“Special mention” ratings are assigned to loans where management has some concern that the collateral or debt service ability may not be adequate, though the collectability of the contractual loan payments is still probable.

“Substandard” ratings are assigned to loans that do not have adequate collateral and/or debt service ability such that collectability of the contractual loan payments is no longer probable.

“Doubtful” ratings are assigned to loans that do not have adequate collateral and/or debt service ability, and collectability of the contractual loan payments is unlikely.

F-21

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Information regarding the credit quality indicators most closely monitored for commercial loans by class follows:

			Special
	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Totals
December 31, 2019
Development	$	18,222	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	18,222
Real estate		68,036		585		—		—		68,621
Commercial and industrial		10,888		2,779		14		—		13,681
One-to-four family investor-owned		27,453		—		624		—		28,077
Multifamily		29,531		—		—		—		29,531
Totals	$	154,130	$	3,364	$	638	$	—	$	158,132
December 31, 2018
Development	$	7,801	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,801
Real estate		69,425		—		—		—		69,425
Commercial and industrial		13,122		—		20		—		13,142
One-to-four family investor-owned		30,558		1,353		401		—		32,312
Multifamily		34,467		—		—		—		34,467
Totals	$	155,373	$	1,353	$	421	$	—	$	157,147

Residential real estate and consumer loans are generally evaluated based on whether or not the loan is performing according to the contractual terms of the loan.

Information regarding the credit quality indicators most closely monitored for residential real estate and consumer loans by class follows:

	Performing		Non-performing		Totals
December 31, 2019
One-to-four family owner-occupied	$	28,636	$	744	$	29,380
Consumer		4,141		89		4,230
	$	32,777	$	833	$	33,610
December 31, 2018
One-to-four family owner-occupied	$	39,919	$	1,099	$	41,018
Consumer		2,625		108		2,733
	$	42,544	$	1,207	$	43,751

F-22

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Loan aging information follows:

			Loans Past Due		Loans Past Due				Nonaccrual
	Current Loans		30-89 Days		90+ Days		Total Loans		Loans
December 31, 2019
Commercial
Development	$	18,222	$	—	$	—	$	18,222	$	—
Real estate		68,621		—		—		68,621		—
Commercial and industrial		13,681		—		—		13,681		14
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		29,034		—		346		29,380		346
One-to-four family investor-owned		28,077		—		—		28,077		624
Multifamily		29,531		—		—		29,531		—
Consumer		4,230		—		—		4,230		86
Total	$	191,396	$	—	$	346	$	191,742	$	1,070

			Loans Past Due		Loans Past Due				Nonaccrual
	Current Loans		30-89 Days		90+ Days		Total Loans		Loans
December 31, 2018
Commercial
Development	$	7,801	$	—	$	—	$	7,801	$	—
Real estate		69,425		—		—		69,425		—
Commercial and industrial		13,076		66		—		13,142		20
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		41,013		5		—		41,018		365
One-to-four family investor-owned		32,069		243		—		32,312		241
Multifamily		34,467		—		—		34,467		—
Consumer		2,733		—		—		2,733		94
Total	$	200,584	$	314	$	—	$	200,898	$	720

There are no loans 90 or more days past due and accruing interest as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Management regularly monitors impaired loan relationships. In the event facts and circumstances change, an additional provision for loan losses may be necessary.

Nonaccrual loans are as follows:

As ofDecember 31	2019		2018
Nonaccrual loans, other than troubled debt restructurings	$	416	$	20
Nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructurings		654		700
Total nonaccrual loans		1,070		720
Restructured loans, accruing	$	1,185	$	501

When, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider, the modified loan is classified as a troubled debt-restructuring. Loan modifications may consist of forgiveness of interest and/or principal, a reduction of the interest rate, allowing interest-only payments for a period of time, and/or extending amortization terms.

F-23

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

The following presents information regarding new modifications of loans classified as troubled debt restructurings during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. All troubled debt restructurings are classified as impaired loans. The recorded investment presented in the following tables does not include specific reserves for loan losses recognized for these loans, which totaled $158 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

				Post-
	Number of	Pre-Modification		Modification
	Modifications	Investment		Investment
December 31, 2019
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	2	$	729	$	729
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	3		285		285
Total loan modifications	5	$	1,014	$	1,014
December 31, 2018
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	2	$	302	$	302
One-to-four family investor-owned	1		250		250
Consumer	1		20		20
Total loan modifications	4	$	572	$	572

No troubled debt restructurings defaulted within 12 months of their modification date during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company considers a troubled debt restructuring in default if it becomes past due more than 90 days.  

The Company continues to evaluate purchased loans for impairment. The purchased loans were considered impaired at the acquisition date if there was evidence of deterioration since origination and if it was probable that not all contractually required principal and interest payments would be collected under the loans. The following table reflects the carrying value of all purchased loans:

	Contractually Required
	Payments Receivable				Carrying Value
			Non-Credit		of
As of December 31, 2019	Credit Impaired		Impaired		Purchased Loans
Commercial
Real estate	$	—	$	—	$	—
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		—		4,580		4,548
One-to-four family investor-owned		—		6,580		6,535
Multifamily		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—
Totals	$	—	$	11,160	$	11,083

F-24

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

	Contractually Required
	Payments Receivable				Carrying Value
			Non-Credit		of
As of December 31, 2018	Credit Impaired		Impaired		Purchased Loans
Commercial
Real estate	$	—	$	7,687	$	7,673
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		—		5,075		5,014
One-to-four family investor-owned		—		9,269		9,164
Multifamily		—		3,953		3,943
Consumer		—		—		—
Totals	$	—	$	25,984	$	25,794

As of December 31, 2019, the estimated contractually-required payments receivable on purchased credit impaired and purchased non-credit impaired loans was $0 and $11,160, respectively. The cash flows expected to be collected related to principal as of December 31, 2019 on all purchased loans is $11,083. As a result, there was approximately $77 of remaining discount on the purchased loans. These amounts are based upon the estimate of the underlying collateral or discounted cash flows as of December 31, 2019. Any excess of cash flows expected over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan as the purchased loans pay down, mature, renew or pay off.

As of December 31, 2018, the estimated contractually-required payments receivable on purchased credit impaired and purchased non-credit impaired loans was $0 and $25,984, respectively. The cash flows expected to be collected related to principal as of December 31, 2018 on all purchased loans is $25,794. As a result, there was approximately $190 of remaining discount on the purchased loans. These amounts are based upon the estimate of the underlying collateral or discounted cash flows as of December 31, 2018. Any excess of cash flows expected over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan as the purchased loans pay down, mature, renew or pay off.

The change in carrying amount of accretable yield for purchased loans was as follows:

	For years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Beginning Balance	$	190	$	334
Additions		—		—
Accretion		(113)		(144)
Ending Balance	$	77	$	190

F-25

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 6 - Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are summarized as follows:

	December 31,
	2019		2018
Land	$	479	$	479
Buildings		4,929		4,929
Leasehold improvements		162		153
Furniture and equipment		1,383		1,332
Totals		6,953		6,893
Less: Accumulated depreciation		2,146		1,836
Premises and equipment, net	$	4,807	$	5,057

Depreciation expense was $346 and $342 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

During 2017, the Company sold and leased back two of its office buildings. In conjunction with the sales, the Company entered into ten-year leases, with options to renew for two additional five-year terms. Rent expense for all operating leases was $167 and $165 in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Rent commitments, before considering renewal options that are present, are as follows as of December 31, 2019:

2020	$	153
2021		144
2022		146
2023		148
2024		150
Thereafter		437
Total	$	1,178

The Company also entered into a lease with a tenant for a portion of the Brookfield branch, commencing June 1, 2018 through May 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2019, minimum future rents receivable are as follows:

2020	$	99
2021		101
2022		103
2023		106
2024		44
Total	$	453

F-26

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 7 - Deposits

The composition of deposits are as follows:

	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Non-interest bearing checking	$	20,733	$	22,763
Interest bearing checking		6,941		5,424
Money market		46,673		41,910
Statement savings accounts		12,359		13,773
Health savings accounts		10,670		11,197
Deposits held in escrow for stock subscriptions		52,648		—
Certificates of deposit		67,228		88,138
Total	$	217,252	$	183,205

Certificates of deposit that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250 totaled $21,569 and $30,590 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit are as follows as of December 31, 2019:

2020	$	44,462
2021		17,354
2022		2,374
2023		2,046
2024		992
Total	$	67,228

NOTE 8 – FHLB Advances

FHLB advances consist of the following as of December 31:

	2019			2018
	Rates	Amount		Rates	Amount
Fixed rate, fixed term advances	1.62% - 2.70%	$	7,500	1.42% - 2.70%	$	11,750
Fixed term advances with floating spread	1.69% - 2.09%		4,000	1.54% - 2.05%		6,000
		$	11,500		$	17,750

The following is a summary of scheduled maturities of fixed term FHLB advances as of December 31, 2019:

	Fixed Rate Advances				Adjustable Rate Advances
	Weighted				Weighted				Total
	Average Rate		Amount		Average Rate		Amount		Amount
2020	2.34	%	$	6,000	1.69	%	$	2,000	$	8,000
2021	—	%		—	2.09	%		2,000		2,000
2022	1.71	%		1,500	—	%		—		1,500
Total	2.21	%	$	7,500	1.89	%	$	4,000	$	11,500

F-27

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Actual maturities may differ from the scheduled principal maturities due to call options on the various advances.

The Company has a master contract agreement with the FHLB that provides for a borrowing up to the lesser of a determined multiple of FHLB stock owned or a determined percentage of the book value of the Company’s qualifying one-to-four family, multifamily, and commercial real estate loans. The Company pledged approximately $147,039 and $158,923 of one-to-four family, multifamily, and commercial real estate loans to secure FHLB advances at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. FHLB provides both fixed and floating rate advances. Floating rates are tied to short-term market rates of interest, such as LIBOR, Federal funds or Treasury Bill rates. Fixed rate advances are priced in reference to market rates of interest at the time of the advance, namely the rates that FHLB pays to borrowers at various maturities. FHLB advances are subject to a prepayment penalty if they are repaid prior to maturity. FHLB advances are also secured by $574 and $739 of FHLB stock owned by the Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

At December 31, 2019, the Company’s available and unused portion of this borrowing agreement based on the amount of FHLB stock was $3,194.

In addition, the Company has a $7,000 federal funds line of credit through Bankers’ Bank of Wisconsin, which was not drawn on as of December 31, 2019. The Company also has the authority to borrow through the Federal Reserve’s Discount Window.

NOTE 9 – 401(k) Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) profit sharing plan that covers substantially all employees. To be eligible to participate, an employee must have completed 1,000 hours of service and be 21 years of age or older. The Company matches 100% of employee contributions up to 4% of their annual compensation. The Company may also make nonelective contributions to the plan at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Expense charged to operations for this plan was $170 and $154 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

NOTE 10 - Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes included in the accompanying financial statements consists of the following components:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Current Taxes (Benefit)
Federal	$	389	$	114
State		155		83
Total Current Taxes		544		197
Deferred Income Taxes (Benefit)
Federal		(38)		107
State		(4)		14
Total Deferred Income Taxes		(42)		121
Total Provision for Income Taxes	$	502	$	318

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

F-28

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

The net deferred tax asset in the accompanying balance sheet includes the following amounts of deferred tax assets and liabilities:

	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Deferred Tax Assets
Allowance for loan losses	$	617	$	577
Deferred compensation		121		121
Non-accrual interest		5		18
Purchase accounting		7		18
Equity compensation		23		4
Unrealized loss on available for sale securities		—		219
Charitable contribution carryforward		132		191
Other		46		10
Deferred Tax Assets	$	951	$	1,158
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Depreciation and amortization		(50)		(73)
FHLB stock		(23)		(30)
Unrealized gain on available for sale securities		(127)		—
Deferred Tax Liabilities	$	(200)	$	(103)
Net Deferred Tax Asset	$	751	$	1,055

A summary of the sources of differences between income taxes at the federal statutory rate and the provision for income taxes follows:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019				2018
			% of Pretax				% of Pretax
	Amount		Income		Amount		Income
Reconciliation of statutory to effective rates
Federal income taxes at statutory rate	$	432	21.0	%	$	289	21.0	%
Adjustments for
Tax exempt interest on municipal obligations		(5)	(0.2)	%		(10)	(0.7)	%
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		122	5.9	%		75	5.5	%
Increase in CSV of life insurance		(46)	(2.2)	%		(41)	(3.0)	%
Other		(1)	(0.1)	%		5	0.3	%
Provision for income taxes	$	502	24.4	%	$	318	23.1	%

With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal or state examinations by taxing authorities for years before 2015.

F-29

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 11 - Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company may be involved in various legal proceedings. In the opinion of management, any liability resulting from such proceedings would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements. No legal proceedings existed at December 31, 2019.

The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual, or notional, amount of these commitments. The Company follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, and some of the commitments may not be drawn upon to the total extent of the commitment, the notional amount of these commitments does not necessarily represent future cash requirements of the Company.

The contract amounts of credit-related financial instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized below:

	Notional Amount
	2019	2018
Unused lines of credit
Fixed	14,902	7,467
Variable	3,770	11,307
Undisbursed portion of loan proceeds	2,194	5,890
Standby letters of credit, variable	993	1,277

Unused commitments under lines of credit are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing customers. These lines of credit may or may not require collateral and may or may not contain a specific maturity date.

The undisbursed portion of loan proceeds represents undrawn amounts under construction loans. These loans are generally secured by real estate and generally have a specific maturity date.

Standby letters of credit are conditional lending commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Generally, all standby letters of credit issued have expiration dates within one year. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company generally holds collateral supporting these commitments. Standby letters of credit are not reflected in the financial statements, since recording the fair value of these guarantees would not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

The Company sells loans to investors and does not retain servicing responsibilities. Upon sale, the risk of credit loss is passed to the investor, unless the loan is sold with recourse. For loans sold without recourse, the Company does not retain the risk of loss should a loan, previously sold, go into default, unless it is determined that such loan was not within the agreed-upon underwriting guidelines due to negligence on the part of the Company or fraud on the part of the borrower. Such risk retention is standard within the mortgage banking industry. The Company’s exposure relating to the fair value of the representations and warranties and other recourse obligations is not material. The Company is contingently liable in the amount of $7,679 relating to loans sold with recourse at December 31, 2019 and $5,370 as of December 31, 2018. All recourse provisions expire within four months from when the loan is sold.

F-30

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 12 - Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments, and loans. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held in demand accounts with various institutions. The Company’s investments are held in a variety of interest bearing investments including obligations from the U.S. government and government sponsored agencies and certificates of deposit. Such deposits are generally in excess of insured limits. The Company has not experienced any historical losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents. Practically all of the Company’s loans and commitments have been granted to customers in the Company’s market area. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, the ability of their debtors to honor their contracts is dependent on the economic conditions of the counties surrounding the Company. The concentration of credit by type of loan is set forth in Note 5.

NOTE 13 – Related-Party Transactions

A summary of loans to directors, executive officers, and their affiliates follows:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Beginning balance	$	6,825	$	6,697
Adjustments for changes in directors and executive officers		—		—
New loans		1,641		2,121
Less: Participations sold		(4,779)		(310)
Repayments		(72)		(1,683)
Ending balance	$	3,615	$	6,825

Deposits from directors, executive officers, and their affiliates totaled $1,546 and $3,467 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company utilizes the services of a law firm in which one of the Company’s directors is a partner. Fees paid to the firm were $6 and $11 during the years ended 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company also has an operating lease with the law firm for office space through 2020. Rent paid in 2019 and 2018 pertaining to this lease was $28 and $28, respectively.

NOTE 14 – Foreclosed Assets

Foreclosed assets consists of one owner-occupied one-to-four family property as of December 31, 2019 totaling $84 and one foreclosed owner-occupied one-to-four family property totaling $69 at December 31, 2018. Residential real estate loans that are in the process of foreclosure totaled $347 and $0 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

F-31

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 15 – Fair Value

Accounting standards describe three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value (the fair value hierarchy). The level of an asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input significant to the fair value measurement of that asset or liability.

Following is a brief description of each level of the fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 - Fair value measurement is based on quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - Fair value measurement is based on: (1) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; (2) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or (3) valuation models and methodologies for which all significant assumptions are or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Fair value measurement is based on valuation models and methodologies that incorporate at least one significant assumption that cannot be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 measurements reflect the Company’s estimates about assumptions market participants would use in measuring fair value of the asset or liability.

Some assets and liabilities, such as securities available for sale, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Other assets and liabilities, such as impaired loans, may be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Following is a description of the Company’s valuation methodology and significant inputs used for each asset and liability measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis, as well as the classification of the asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy.

Available for sale securities - Available for sale securities may be classified as Level 1 or Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 securities include equity securities traded on a national exchange. The fair value measurement of a Level 1 security is based on the quoted price of the security. Level 2 securities include U.S. government and agency securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, corporate debt securities, and mortgage related securities. The fair value measurement of a Level 2 security is obtained from an independent pricing service and is based on recent sales of similar securities and other observable market data.

Loans - Loans are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, loans considered to be impaired may be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value measurement of an impaired loan that is collateral dependent is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. Independent appraisals are obtained that utilize one or more valuation methodologies - typically they will incorporate a comparable sales approach and an income approach. Management routinely evaluates the fair value measurements of independent appraisers and adjusts those valuations based on differences noted between actual selling prices of collateral and the most recent appraised value. Such adjustments are usually significant, which results in a Level 3 classification. All other impaired loan measurements are based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the applicable effective interest rate and, thus, are not fair value measurements.

F-32

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Foreclosed assets- Real estate acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, foreclosed assets are initially measured at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) when they are acquired and may also be measured at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) if they become subsequently impaired. The fair value measurement for each asset may be obtained from an independent appraiser or prepared internally. Fair value measurements obtained from independent appraisers generally utilize a market approach based on sales of comparable assets and/or an income approach. Such measurements are usually considered Level 2 measurements. However, management routinely evaluates fair value measurements of independent appraisers by comparing actual selling prices to the most recent appraisals. If management determines significant adjustments should be made to the independent appraisals based on these evaluations, these measurements are considered Level 3 measurements. Fair value measurements prepared internally are based on management’s comparisons to sales of comparable assets, but include significant unobservable data and are therefore considered Level 3 measurements.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Recurring Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices
	in Active		Significant
	Markets for		Other		Significant
	Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Instruments		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
As of December 31, 2019
Assets:
Available for sale securities:
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	—	$	958	$	—	$	958
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		8,605		—		8,605
Mortgage-backed securities		—		35,482		—		35,482
Certificates of deposit		—		1,017		—		1,017
Corporate debt securities		—		2,117		—		2,117
Total	$	—	$	48,179	$	—	$	48,179
As of December 31, 2018
Assets:
Available for sale securities:
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	—	$	1,307	$	—	$	1,307
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		8,295		—		8,295
Mortgage-backed securities		—		28,536		—		28,536
Certificates of deposit		—		1,446		—		1,446
Corporate debt securities		—		4,167		—		4,167
Total	$	—	$	43,751	$	—	$	43,751

F-33

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Information regarding the fair value of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis follows:

			Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
	Assets		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Measured at		Instruments		Inputs		Inputs
	Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
As of December 31, 2019
Assets:
Loans	$	897	$	—	$	—	$	897
Foreclosed assets		84		—		—		84
As of December 31, 2018
Assets:
Foreclosed assets	$	69	$	—	$	—	$	69

Loans with a carrying amount of $1,132 were considered impaired and were written down to their estimated fair value of $897 as of December 31, 2019. As a result, the Company recognized a specific valuation allowance against these impaired loans totaling $235 as of December 31, 2019. There were no loans recognized at fair value as of December 31, 2018.

Foreclosed assets with a carrying amount of $84 and $69 were determined to be at their fair value as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The following presents quantitative information about nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements:

					Range/Weighted
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input(s)	Average
As of December 31, 2019
Loans	$	897	Market and/or income approach	Management discount on appraised values	10	%	-	20	%
Foreclosed assets	$	84	Market and/or income approach	Management discount on appraised values	10	%	-	20	%
As of December 31, 2018
Foreclosed assets	$	69	Market and/or income approach	Management discount on appraised values	10	%	-	20	%

F-34

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

The carrying value and estimated fair value of financial instruments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 follow:

	December 31, 2019
	Carrying			Fair Value
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	39,377	$	39,377	$	—	$	—
Available for sale securities		48,179		—		48,179		—
Loans held for sale		200		—		200		—
Loans		189,291		—		—		190,561
Accrued interest receivable		725		725		—		—
Cash value of life insurance		7,068		—		—		7,068
Other equity investments		780		—		—		780
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		217,252		150,024		—		67,391
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance		46		46		—		—
FHLB advances		11,500		—		—		11,509
Accrued interest payable		51		51		—		—

	December 31, 2018
	Carrying			Fair Value
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,488	$	4,488	$	—	$	—
Available for sale securities		43,751		—		43,751		—
Loans held for sale		679		—		679		—
Loans		198,694		—		—		199,048
Accrued interest receivable		768		768		—		—
Cash value of life insurance		7,007		—		—		7,007
Other equity investments		739		—		—		739
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		183,205		95,067		—		87,531
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance		55		55		—		—
FHLB advances		17,750		—		—		17,505
Accrued interest payable		70		70		—		—

Limitations - The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between market participants, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based on quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Consequently, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

F-35

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters that could affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance-sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business. Deposits with no stated maturities are defined as having a fair value equivalent to the amount payable on demand. This prohibits adjusting fair value derived from retaining those deposits for an expected future period of time. This component, commonly referred to as a deposit base intangible, is neither considered in the above amounts, nor is it recorded as an intangible asset on the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

NOTE 16 – Equity and Regulatory Matters

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and Total capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. It is management’s opinion, as of December 31, 2019, that the Bank meet all applicable capital adequacy requirements.

As of December 31, 2019, the Bank is categorized as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum regulatory capital ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since December 31, 2019 that management believes have changed the category.

F-36

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following tables:

					For Capital Adequacy				To Be Well Capitalized
	Actual				Purposes				Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
December 31, 2019:
First Federal Bank of Wisconsin
Leverage (Tier 1)	$	50,446	19.4	%	$	10,400	4.0	%	$	13,000	5.0	%
Risk Based:
Common Tier 1		50,446	23.7			9,591	4.5			13,854	6.5
Tier 1		50,446	23.7			12,788	6.0			17,051	8.0
Total		52,710	24.7			17,051	8.0			21,313	10.0
December 31, 2018:
First Federal Bank of Wisconsin
Leverage (Tier 1)	$	48,502	18.4	%	$	10,542	4.0	%	$	13,178	5.0	%
Risk Based:
Common Tier 1		48,502	23.7			9,209	4.5			13,302	6.5
Tier 1		48,502	23.7			12,279	6.0			16,372	8.0
Total		50,620	24.7			16,372	8.0			20,465	10.0

NOTE 17 – Intangible Assets

The core deposit premium intangible asset had a gross carrying amount of $161 and accumulated amortization of $90 at December 31, 2019. The core deposit premium intangible asset had a gross carrying amount of $161 and accumulated amortization of $74 at December 31, 2018. Aggregate amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $16 and $16.

The following table shows the estimated future amortization of the core deposit premium intangible asset for the next five years. The projections of amortization expense are based on existing asset balances:

	As of December
	31, 2019
2020	16
2021	16
2022	16
2023	16
2024	7

NOTE 18 – Deferred Compensation

The Company has entered into various deferred compensation agreements with key officers. The liability outstanding under the agreements was $446 at December 31, 2019 and $443 at December 31, 2018. The amount charged to operations was $53 and $52 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

In addition, the Company is party to a life insurance agreement with an executive officer pursuant to which the Company has purchased a life insurance policy on the executive officer’s life. Under the agreement, the beneficiary is entitled to a death benefit paid by the insurer from the policy proceeds equal to $85. At December 31, 2019, the cash surrender value of this policy was $259.

F-37

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 19 – Employee Stock Ownership Plan

The Company maintains a leveraged employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) that covers substantially all employees. The ESOP was established in conjunction with the Company’s stock offering completed in October 2017 and operates on a plan year ending December 31. The loan to fund the acquisition of stock by the ESOP was made by the Company. The Bank makes annual contributions to the ESOP equal to the ESOP’s debt service. The ESOP shares initially were pledged as collateral for this debt. As the debt is repaid, shares are released from collateral and allocated to active participants, based on the proportion of debt service paid in the year. Because the debt is intercompany, it is eliminated in consolidation for presentation in these financial statements. The shares pledged as collateral are reported as unearned ESOP shares in the balance sheet.

As shares are committed to be released from collateral and allocated to active participants, the Company reports compensation expense equal to the current market price of the shares and the shares will become outstanding for earnings-per-shares (EPS) computations. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,  12,960 shares were committed to be released. During the year ended December 31, 2019 the average fair value per share of stock was $10.62 resulting in total ESOP compensation expense of $138 for the year ended December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2018 the average fair value per share of stock was $11.03 resulting in total ESOP compensation expense of $143 for the year ended December 31, 2018. The ESOP shares as of December 31 were as follows:

	2019		2018
Shares allocated to active participants		15,907		2,947
Shares committed to be released and allocated to participants		12,960		12,960
Total unallocated shares		230,343		243,303
Total ESOP shares		259,210		259,210
Fair value of unallocated shares (based on $11.55 and $10.03 share price at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)	$	2,660	$	2,440

NOTE 20 - Share-based Compensation Plans

ASC Topic 718 requires that the grant date fair value of equity awards to employees be recognized as compensation expense over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for such awards.

The following table summarizes the impact of the Company’s share-based payment plans in the financial statements for the period shown:

	Year Ended		Year Ended
	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Total cost of stock grant plan during the year	$	196	$	11
Total cost of stock option plan during the year		142		7
Total cost of share-based payment plans during the year	$	338	$	18
Amount of related income tax benefit recognized in income	$	91	$	5

F-38

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

The Company adopted the FFBW, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Equity Incentive Plan”) in 2018. In November 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan which authorized the issuance of up to 129,605 restricted stock awards and up to 324,012 stock options. As of December 31, 2019 there were 35,363 restricted stock awards and 101,923 options available for future grants. Shares granted under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan may be authorized but unissued, currently held or, to the extent permitted by applicable law, subsequently acquired by the Company as treasury shares, including shares purchased in the open market or in private transactions. Forfeited or canceled shares shall not be deemed to have been delivered for purposes of determining the maximum number of shares of stock available for delivery under the Plan.

Options are granted with an exercise price equal to no less than the market price of the Company’s shares at the date of grant: those option awards generally vest pro-rata over five years of service and have 10‑year contractual terms. Restricted shares typically vest pro-rata over a five year period, 20% per year beginning one year from the issuance date.

The following table summarizes stock options activity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

				Weighted
				Average
		Weighted		Remaining	Aggregate
		Average		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Number of	Exercise		Term (in	Value (in
	Options	Price		years)	thousands)
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	10.81
Granted	30,000		10.64
Exercised	—		—
Expired or canceled	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2019	222,089	$	10.79	9.01	$	169,446
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2019	38,414	$	10.81	8.95	$	28,426

				Weighted
				Average
		Weighted		Remaining	Aggregate
		Average		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Number of	Exercise		Term (in	Value (in
	Options	Price		years)	thousands)
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	192,089		10.81
Exercised	—		—
Expired or canceled	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	10.81	9.95	$	—
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	—

F-39

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on certain assumptions. Since the Company does not have sufficient historical fair value estimates of its stock, the Company calculates expected volatility using the historical volatility of the Dow Jones U.S. Financial Services Index. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The expected life of options is estimated based on the assumption that options will be exercised evenly throughout their life after vesting and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to remain outstanding.

		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Options	Value
Nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	3.40
Granted	30,000		2.90
Vested	(38,414)		3.40
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2019	183,675	$	3.32
		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Options	Value
Nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	192,089		3.40
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	3.40

The following assumptions were used for options granted during the year ended December 31, 2019:

	For the Year Ended
	December 31,
	2019
Risk-free interest rate		2.30	%
Expected volatility		18.38	%
Expected dividend yield		0	%
Expected life of options (years)		7.5
Weighted average fair value per option of options granted during the year	$	2.90

F-40

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

The following is a summary of changes in restricted shares for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Shares	Value
Nonvested shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018	84,242	$	10.82
Granted	10,000		10.64
Vested	(16,842)		10.82
Forfeited	—		—
Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019	77,400	$	10.79
		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Shares	Value
Nonvested shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	84,242		10.82
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018	84,242	$	10.82

As of December 31, 2019, there was $1.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements (including share option and non-vested share awards) granted under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. At December 31, 2019, the weighted-average period over which the unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized was approximately 2.5 years.

F-41

FFBW, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 21 – Subsequent Events

FFBW, Inc. (“New FFBW”), a Maryland corporation that was organized in September 2019, is a savings and loan holding headquartered in Waukesha, Wisconsin. New FFBW was formed to be the successor to the Company upon completion of the second step mutual-to-stock conversion (the “Conversion”) of the MHC. Prior to completion of the Conversion, approximately 55.4% of the shares of common stock of the Company were owned by the MHC. In conjunction with the Conversion, the MHC and the Company merged into New FFBW. The Conversion was completed on January 16, 2020. In the Conversion, New FFBW sold 4,268,570 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $41.5 million, and issued 3,436,430 shares of common stock in exchange for the shares of common stock of Old FFBW owned by stockholders of Old FFBW, other than FFBW, MHC, as of the effective date of the conversion.  As a result of the conversion, FFBW, MHC and Old FFBW have ceased to exist.

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) could adversely impact a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impair their ability to fulfill their obligations to the Company.  The World Health Organization has declared Covid-19 to be a global pandemic indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections.

The spread of the outbreak will likely cause disruptions in the U.S. economy and is highly likely to disrupt banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates and could potentially create widespread business continuity issues for the Company. 

The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions.  If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates or is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Other than as set forth above, no subsequent event disclosure or financial statement impacts to these financial statements are required as of March 25, 2020

F-42

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		FFBW, Inc.
Date: March 25, 2020	By:	/s/ Edward H. Schaefer
		Edward H. Schaefer
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Duly Authorized Representative)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signatures	Title	Date
/s/ Edward H. Schaefer	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	March 25, 2020
Edward H. Schaefer
/s/ Nikola B. Schaumberg	Principal Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	March 25, 2020
Nikola B. Schaumberg
/s/ James A. Tarantino	Chairman of the Board	March 25, 2020
James A. Tarantino
/s/ Kathryn Gutenkunst	Director	March 25, 2020
Kathryn Gutenkunst
/s/ Stephen W. Johnson	Director	March 25, 2020
Stephen W. Johnson
/s/ Thomas C. Martin	Director	March 25, 2020
Thomas C. Martin
/s/ Thomas L. McKeever	Director	March 25, 2020
Thomas L. McKeever
/s/ Michael J. Pjevach	Director	March 25, 2020
Michael J. Pjevach
/s/ Jose A. Olivieri	Director	March 25, 2020
Jose A. Olivieri
/s/ Christine A. Specht	Director	March 25, 2020
Christine A. Specht

EX-4.2

Exhibit 4.2

Description of FFBW, Inc. Common Stock

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this Exhibit 4.2 to “we, “us” and “our” refer collectively to FFBW, Inc. and First Federal Bank of Wisconsin or to any of those entities, depending on the context.

General

FFBW, Inc. is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.01 per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. Each share of common stock has the same relative rights as, and is identical in all respects to, each other share of common stock. All of our shares of common stock are duly authorized, fully paid and nonassessable.

Common Stock

Dividends. FFBW, Inc. can pay dividends on its common stock if, after giving effect to the distribution, it would be able to pay its indebtedness as the indebtedness comes due in the usual course of business and its total assets exceed the sum of its liabilities and the amount needed, if FFBW, Inc. were to be dissolved at the time of the distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of any holders of capital stock who have a preference in the event of dissolution. The holders of common stock of FFBW, Inc. are entitled to receive and share equally in dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. If FFBW, Inc. issues shares of preferred stock, the holders thereof may have a priority over the holders of the common stock with respect to dividends.

Voting Rights. The holders of common stock of FFBW, Inc. have exclusive voting rights in FFBW, Inc. They elect FFBW, Inc.’s Board of Directors and act on other matters as are required to be presented to them under Maryland law or as are otherwise presented to them by the Board of Directors. Generally, each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share and does not have any right to cumulate votes in the election of directors. Any person who beneficially owns more than 10% of the outstanding shares of FFBW, Inc.’s common stock, however, is not be entitled or permitted to vote any shares of common stock held in excess of the 10% limit. If FFBW, Inc. issues shares of preferred stock, holders of the preferred stock may also possess voting rights. Amendments to the articles of incorporation generally require a two-thirds vote, and certain amendments require an 80% stockholder vote.

Liquidation. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin, FFBW, Inc., as the holder of 100% of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin’s capital stock, would be entitled to receive all assets of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin available for distribution, after payment or provision for payment of all debts and liabilities of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin, including all deposit accounts and accrued interest thereon, and after distribution of the balance in the liquidation account to “Eligible Account Holders” and “Supplemental Eligible Account Holders” (as defined in the Plan of Conversion of FFBW, MHC). In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of FFBW, Inc., the holders of its common stock would be entitled to receive, after payment or provision for payment of all its debts and liabilities, all of the assets of FFBW, Inc. available for distribution. If preferred stock is issued, the holders thereof may have a priority over the holders of the common stock in the event of liquidation or dissolution.

Preemptive Rights. Holders of the common stock of FFBW, Inc. are not entitled to preemptive rights with respect to any shares that may be issued, unless such preemptive rights are approved by the Board of Directors. The common stock is not subject to redemption.

Preferred Stock

None of the shares of FFBW, Inc.’s authorized preferred stock are outstanding. Preferred stock may be issued with preferences and designations as our Board of Directors may from time to time determine. Our Board of Directors may, without stockholder approval, issue shares of preferred stock with voting, dividend, liquidation and conversion rights that could dilute the voting strength of the holders of the common stock and may assist management in impeding an unfriendly takeover or attempted change in control.

FFBW, Inc.’s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws

FFBW, Inc.’s articles of incorporation and bylaws contain a number of provisions relating to corporate governance and rights of stockholders that might discourage future takeover attempts. As a result, stockholders who might desire to participate in such transactions may not have an opportunity to do so. In addition, these provisions will also render the removal of the Board of Directors or management of FFBW, Inc. more difficult.

Directors. The Board of Directors is divided into three classes. The members of each class are elected for a term of three years and only one class of directors is elected annually. Thus, it would take at least two annual elections to replace a majority of our directors. The bylaws establish qualifications for board members, including restrictions on affiliations with competitors of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin and prior legal or regulatory violations and a requirement that board members maintain residence within the State of Wisconsin for a period of at least one year immediately before his or her nomination or appointment to the Board of Directors. Further, the bylaws impose notice and information requirements in connection with the nomination by stockholders of candidates for election to the Board of Directors or the proposal by stockholders of business to be acted upon at an annual meeting of stockholders. Such notice and information requirements are applicable to all stockholder business proposals and nominations, and are in addition to any requirements under the federal securities laws.

Evaluation of Offers. The articles of incorporation of FFBW, Inc. provide that its Board of Directors, when evaluating a transaction that would or may involve a change in control of FFBW, Inc. (whether by purchases of its securities, merger, consolidation, share exchange, dissolution, liquidation, sale of all or substantially all of its assets, proxy solicitation or otherwise), may, in connection with the exercise of its business judgment in determining what is in the best interests of FFBW, Inc. and its stockholders and in making any recommendation to the stockholders, give due consideration to all relevant factors, including, but not limited to:

· the economic effect, both immediate and long-term, upon FFBW, Inc.’s stockholders, including stockholders, if any, who do not participate in the transaction;

· the social and economic effect on the present and future employees, creditors and customers of, and others dealing with, FFBW, Inc. and its subsidiaries and on the communities in which FFBW, Inc. and its subsidiaries operate or are located;

· whether the proposal is acceptable based on the historical, current or projected future operating results or financial condition of FFBW, Inc.;

· whether a more favorable price could be obtained for FFBW, Inc.’s stock or other securities in the future;

· the reputation and business practices of the other entity to be involved in the transaction and its management and affiliates as they would affect the employees of FFBW, Inc. and its subsidiaries;

· the future value of the stock or any other securities of FFBW, Inc. or the other entity to be involved in the proposed transaction;

· any antitrust or other legal and regulatory issues that are raised by the proposal;

· the business and historical, current or expected future financial condition or operating results of the other entity to be involved in the transaction, including, but not limited to, debt service and other existing financial obligations, financial obligations to be incurred in connection with the proposed transaction, and other likely financial obligations of the other entity to be involved in the proposed transaction; and

· the ability of FFBW, Inc. to fulfill its objectives as a financial institution holding company and on the ability of its subsidiary financial institution(s) to fulfill the objectives of a federally insured financial institution under applicable statutes and regulations. the economic effect, both immediate and long-term, upon FFBW, Inc.’s stockholders, including stockholders, if any, who do not participate in the transaction;

If the Board of Directors determines that any proposed transaction should be rejected, it may take any lawful action to defeat such transaction.

Restrictions on Call of Special Meetings. The bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders can be called by only the President, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairperson of the Board or by the Board of Directors, or the Secretary upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all votes entitled to vote at the meeting.

Prohibition of Cumulative Voting. The articles of incorporation prohibit cumulative voting for the election of directors.

Limitation of Voting Rights. The articles of incorporation provide that in no event will any person who beneficially owns more than 10% of the then-outstanding shares of common stock be entitled or permitted to vote any of the shares of common stock held in excess of the 10% limit; provided that such 10% limit shall not apply if a majority of the unaffiliated directors approve the acquisition of shares in excess of the 10% limit prior to such acquisition.

Restrictions on Removing Directors from Office. The articles of incorporation provide that directors may be removed only for cause, and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of FFBW, Inc. entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (after giving effect to the limitation on voting rights discussed above in “− Limitation of Voting Rights”), voting together as a single class.

Authorized but Unissued Shares. FFBW, Inc. has authorized but unissued shares of common and preferred stock. The articles of incorporation authorize 50,000,000 shares of serial preferred stock. FFBW, Inc. is authorized to issue preferred stock from time to time in one or more series subject to applicable provisions of law, and the board of directors is authorized to fix the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption of such shares. In addition, the articles of incorporation provide that a majority of the whole board may, without action by the stockholders, amend the articles of incorporation to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock of any class or series that FFBW, Inc. has the authority to issue. In the event of a proposed merger, tender offer or other attempt to gain control of FFBW, Inc. that the board of directors does not approve, it would be possible for the board of directors to authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock with rights and preferences that would impede the completion of the transaction. An effect of the possible issuance of preferred stock therefore may be to deter a future attempt to gain control of FFBW, Inc.

Amendments to Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws. Except as provided under “− Authorized but Unissued Shares,” above, regarding the amendment of the articles of incorporation by the Board of Directors to increase or decrease the number of shares authorized for issuance, or as otherwise allowed by law, any amendment to the articles of incorporation must be approved by our Board of Directors and also by two-thirds of the outstanding shares of our voting stock (or a majority of the outstanding shares of our voting stock if the amendment is approved by two-thirds of our board of directors); provided, however, that approval by at least 80% of the outstanding voting stock is generally required to amend the following provisions:

(i) The limitation on voting rights of persons who directly or indirectly beneficially own more than 10% of the outstanding shares of common stock;

(ii) The division of the board of directors into three staggered classes;

(iii) The ability of the board of directors to fill vacancies on the board;

(iv) The requirement that at least a majority of the voting power of the stockholders must vote to remove directors, and can only remove directors for cause;

(v) The ability of the board of directors to amend and repeal the bylaws and the required stockholder vote to amend or repeal the bylaws;

(vi) The ability of the board of directors to evaluate a variety of factors in evaluating offers to purchase or otherwise acquire FFBW, Inc.;

(vii) The authority of the board of directors to provide for the issuance of preferred stock;

(viii) The validity and effectiveness of any action lawfully authorized by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total number of outstanding shares of common stock;

(ix) The number of stockholders constituting a quorum or required for stockholder consent;

(x) The provision regarding stockholder proposals and nominations;

(xi) The indemnification of current and former directors and officers, as well as employees and other agents, by FFBW, Inc.;

(xii) The limitation of liability of officers and directors to FFBW, Inc. for money damages; and

(xiii) The provision of the articles of incorporation requiring approval of at least 80% of the outstanding voting stock to amend the provisions of the articles of incorporation set forth in (i) through (xii) of this list and the provisions related to amendment of the articles of incorporation.

The articles of incorporation also provide that the bylaws may be amended by the affirmative vote of a majority of the total number of directors that FFBW, Inc. would have if there were no vacancies on the board of directors or by the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors (after giving effect to the limitation on voting rights discussed above in “– Limitation of Voting Rights”).

Maryland Corporate Law

Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date

on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, certain transfers of assets, certain stock issuances and transfers, liquidation plans and reclassifications involving interested stockholders and their affiliates or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. Maryland law defines an interested stockholder as: (i) any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of a corporation’s voting stock after the date on which FFBW, Inc. had 100 or more beneficial owners of its stock; or (ii) an affiliate or associate of FFBW, Inc. at any time after the date on which FFBW, Inc. had 100 or more beneficial owners of its stock who, within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding voting stock of FFBW, Inc.. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.

After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of FFBW, Inc. and approved by the affirmative vote of at least: (i) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of FFBW, Inc. and (ii) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of FFBW, Inc. other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if FFBW, Inc.’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.

Change in Control Regulations

Under the Change in Bank Control Act, no person may acquire control of an insured savings association or its parent holding company unless the Federal Reserve Board has been given 60 days’ prior written notice and has not issued a notice disapproving the proposed acquisition. The Federal Reserve Board takes into consideration certain factors, including the financial and managerial resources of the acquirer and the competitive effects of the acquisition. In addition, federal regulations provide that no company may acquire control of a savings association without the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. Any company that acquires such control becomes a “savings and loan holding company” subject to registration, examination and regulation by the Federal Reserve Board.

Control, as defined under federal law, means ownership, control of or holding irrevocable proxies representing more than 25% of any class of voting stock, control in any manner of the election of a majority of the company’s directors, or a determination by the Federal Reserve Board that the acquirer has the power to direct, or directly or indirectly exercise a controlling influence over, the management or policies of the institution. Acquisition of more than 10% of any class of a savings and loan holding company’s voting stock constitutes a rebuttable determination of control under the regulations under certain circumstances including where, as is the case with FFBW, Inc., the issuer has registered securities under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Federal Reserve Board regulations provide that parties seeking to rebut control will be provided an opportunity to do so in writing.

Benefit Plans

In addition to the provisions of FFBW, Inc.’s articles of incorporation and bylaws described above, benefit plans of FFBW, Inc. and First Federal Bank of Wisconsin that may authorize the issuance of equity to its board of directors, officers and employees contain or may contain provisions which also may discourage hostile takeover attempts which the board of directors of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin might conclude are not in the best interests of FFBW, Inc. and First Federal Bank of Wisconsin or FFBW, Inc.’s stockholders.

EX-21

Exhibit 21

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT
Subsidiary	Ownership	State of Incorporation
First Federal Bank of Wisconsin	100%	Federal
SUBSIDIARIES OF FIRST FEDERAL BANK OF WISCONSIN

None

EX-23

Exhibit 23

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (No. 333-22897) on Form S-8 of FFBW, Inc. of our report dated March 25, 2020, relating to the consolidated financial statements of FFBW, Inc., appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of FFBW, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Wipfli LLP

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

March 25, 2020

EX-31.1

EXHIBITS 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION

302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Edward H. Schaefer, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of FFBW, Inc.;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:

a)    designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiary, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)    designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)    evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)    disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)    all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)    any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

March 25, 2020	/s/ Edward H. Schaefer
Date	Edward H. Schaefer
	President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBITS 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION

302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Nikola Schaumberg, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of FFBW, Inc.;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)    designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiary, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)    designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)    evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)    disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)    all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)    any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

March 25, 2020	/s/ Nikola B. Schaumberg
	Nikola B. Schaumberg
	Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer

EX-32

EXHIBIT 32

CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Certification pursuant to

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

as adopted pursuant to

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Edward H. Schaefer, President and Chief Executive Officer and Nikola Schaumberg, Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer of FFBW, Inc. (the “Company”) each certify in their capacity as officers of the Company that they have reviewed the Annual Report of the Company on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and that to the best of their knowledge:

(1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of Sections 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)the information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

March 25, 2020	/s/ Edward H. Schaefer
Date	Edward H. Schaefer
	President and Chief Executive Officer
March 25, 2020	/s/ Nikola B. Schaumberg
Date	Nikola Schaumberg
	Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer

XML

Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

NOTE 2 – Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for weighted average unallocated ESOP shares, during the applicable period, excluding outstanding participating securities. Participating securities include non-vested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, though no actual shares of common stock related to restricted stock units are issued until the settlement of such units, to the extent holders of these securities receive non-forfeitable dividends or dividend equivalents at the same rate as holders of the Company’s common stock. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares determined for the basic earnings per common share computation plus the dilutive effect of stock compensation using the treasury stock method. Antidilutive options are disregarded in earnings per share calculations.

The following table presents the earnings per share calculations for the years ended December 31:

	2019		2018
Net income	$	1,556	$	1,058
Basic potential common shares
Weighted average shares outstanding		6,620,922		6,617,507
Weighted average unallocated Employee Stock Ownership Plan Shares		(236,823)		(249,783)
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		6,384,099		6,367,724
Dilutive potential common shares		222,089		—
Dilutive weighted average shares outstanding		6,606,188		6,367,724
Basic earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.17
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.17

XML

Premises and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment

NOTE 6 - Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are summarized as follows:

	December 31,
	2019		2018
Land	$	479	$	479
Buildings		4,929		4,929
Leasehold improvements		162		153
Furniture and equipment		1,383		1,332
Totals		6,953		6,893
Less: Accumulated depreciation		2,146		1,836
Premises and equipment, net	$	4,807	$	5,057

Depreciation expense was $346 and $342 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

During 2017, the Company sold and leased back two of its office buildings. In conjunction with the sales, the Company entered into ten-year leases, with options to renew for two additional five-year terms. Rent expense for all operating leases was $167 and $165 in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Rent commitments, before considering renewal options that are present, are as follows as of December 31, 2019:

2020	$	153
2021		144
2022		146
2023		148
2024		150
Thereafter		437
Total	$	1,178

The Company also entered into a lease with a tenant for a portion of the Brookfield branch, commencing June 1, 2018 through May 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2019, minimum future rents receivable are as follows:

2020	$	99
2021		101
2022		103
2023		106
2024		44
Total	$	453

XML

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

NOTE 10 - Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes included in the accompanying financial statements consists of the following components:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Current Taxes (Benefit)
Federal	$	389	$	114
State		155		83
Total Current Taxes		544		197
Deferred Income Taxes (Benefit)
Federal		(38)		107
State		(4)		14
Total Deferred Income Taxes		(42)		121
Total Provision for Income Taxes	$	502	$	318

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

The net deferred tax asset in the accompanying balance sheet includes the following amounts of deferred tax assets and liabilities:

	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Deferred Tax Assets
Allowance for loan losses	$	617	$	577
Deferred compensation		121		121
Non-accrual interest		5		18
Purchase accounting		7		18
Equity compensation		23		4
Unrealized loss on available for sale securities		—		219
Charitable contribution carryforward		132		191
Other		46		10
Deferred Tax Assets	$	951	$	1,158
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Depreciation and amortization		(50)		(73)
FHLB stock		(23)		(30)
Unrealized gain on available for sale securities		(127)		—
Deferred Tax Liabilities	$	(200)	$	(103)
Net Deferred Tax Asset	$	751	$	1,055

A summary of the sources of differences between income taxes at the federal statutory rate and the provision for income taxes follows:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019				2018
			% of Pretax				% of Pretax
	Amount		Income		Amount		Income
Reconciliation of statutory to effective rates
Federal income taxes at statutory rate	$	432	21.0	%	$	289	21.0	%
Adjustments for
Tax exempt interest on municipal obligations		(5)	(0.2)	%		(10)	(0.7)	%
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		122	5.9	%		75	5.5	%
Increase in CSV of life insurance		(46)	(2.2)	%		(41)	(3.0)	%
Other		(1)	(0.1)	%		5	0.3	%
Provision for income taxes	$	502	24.4	%	$	318	23.1	%

With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal or state examinations by taxing authorities for years before 2015.

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Taxes

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The provision for income taxes included in the accompanying financial statements consists of the following components:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Current Taxes (Benefit)
Federal	$	389	$	114
State		155		83
Total Current Taxes		544		197
Deferred Income Taxes (Benefit)
Federal		(38)		107
State		(4)		14
Total Deferred Income Taxes		(42)		121
Total Provision for Income Taxes	$	502	$	318

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The net deferred tax asset in the accompanying balance sheet includes the following amounts of deferred tax assets and liabilities:

	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Deferred Tax Assets
Allowance for loan losses	$	617	$	577
Deferred compensation		121		121
Non-accrual interest		5		18
Purchase accounting		7		18
Equity compensation		23		4
Unrealized loss on available for sale securities		—		219
Charitable contribution carryforward		132		191
Other		46		10
Deferred Tax Assets	$	951	$	1,158
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Depreciation and amortization		(50)		(73)
FHLB stock		(23)		(30)
Unrealized gain on available for sale securities		(127)		—
Deferred Tax Liabilities	$	(200)	$	(103)
Net Deferred Tax Asset	$	751	$	1,055

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

A summary of the sources of differences between income taxes at the federal statutory rate and the provision for income taxes follows:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019				2018
			% of Pretax				% of Pretax
	Amount		Income		Amount		Income
Reconciliation of statutory to effective rates
Federal income taxes at statutory rate	$	432	21.0	%	$	289	21.0	%
Adjustments for
Tax exempt interest on municipal obligations		(5)	(0.2)	%		(10)	(0.7)	%
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		122	5.9	%		75	5.5	%
Increase in CSV of life insurance		(46)	(2.2)	%		(41)	(3.0)	%
Other		(1)	(0.1)	%		5	0.3	%
Provision for income taxes	$	502	24.4	%	$	318	23.1	%

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Loans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Loans

Major Classifications of Loans

Major classifications of loans are as follows:

	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Commercial
Development	$	18,222	$	7,801
Real estate		68,621		69,425
Commercial and industrial		13,681		13,142
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		29,380		41,018
One-to-four family investor-owned		28,077		32,312
Multifamily		29,531		34,467
Consumer		4,230		2,733
Subtotal	$	191,742	$	200,898
Deferred loan fees		(187)		(86)
Allowance for loan losses		(2,264)		(2,118)
Net loans	$	189,291	$	198,694

Summary of the Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses

A summary of the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment is as follows:

			Residential real
			estate
Year Ended	Commercial		and consumer		Total
December 31, 2019
Beginning balance	$	940	$	1,178	$	2,118
Provision for loan losses		311		(110)		201
Loans charged off		—		(58)		(58)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		—		3		3
Total ending allowance balance	$	1,251	$	1,013	$	2,264
December 31, 2018
Beginning balance	$	660	$	1,140	$	1,800
Provision for loan losses		304		209		513
Loans charged off		(24)		(172)		(196)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		—		1		1
Total ending allowance balance	$	940	$	1,178	$	2,118

Information about how loans were evaluated for impairment and the related allowance for loan losses follows:

			Residential real
			estate and
December 31, 2019	Commercial		consumer		Total
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	798	$	1,457	$	2,255
Collectively evaluated for impairment		99,726		89,761		189,487
Total loans	$	100,524	$	91,218	$	191,742
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	158	$	77	$	235
Collectively evaluated for impairment		1,093		936		2,029
Total allowance for loan losses	$	1,251	$	1,013	$	2,264

			Residential real
			estate and
December 31, 2018	Commercial		consumer		Total
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	87	$	1,469	$	1,556
Collectively evaluated for impairment		90,281		109,061		199,342
Total loans	$	90,368	$	110,530	$	200,898
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively evaluated for impairment		940		1,178		2,118
Total allowance for loan losses	$	940	$	1,178	$	2,118

Impairment and the Related Allowance for Loan Losses

Information regarding impaired loans follows:

	Principal		Recorded		Related		Average		Interest
As of  December 31, 2019	Balance		Investment		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
Loans with related allowance for loan losses:
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	729	$	729	$	158	$	740	$	19
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family investor-owned		415		403		77		412		—
Total loans with related allowance for loan losses		1,144		1,132		235		1,152		19
Loans with no related allowance for loan losses:
Commercial
Commercial and industrial		73		69		—		77		5
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		795		744		—		754		5
One-to-four family investor-owned		243		221		—		231		—
Consumer		114		89		—		98		—
Total loans with no related allowance for loan losses		1,225		1,123		—		1,160		10
Total impaired loans	$	2,369	$	2,255	$	235	$	2,312	$	29

	Principal		Recorded		Related		Average		Interest
As of December 31, 2018	Balance		Investment		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
Loans with no related allowance for loan losses:
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	89	$	87	$	—	$	93	$	5
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		1,142		1,120		—		1,137		26
One-to-four family investor-owned		248		241		—		246		—
Consumer		114		108		—		114		—
Total impaired loans	$	1,593	$	1,556	$	—	$	1,590	$	31

Information Regarding the Credit Quality Indicators

Information regarding the credit quality indicators most closely monitored for commercial loans by class follows:

			Special
	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Totals
December 31, 2019
Development	$	18,222	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	18,222
Real estate		68,036		585		—		—		68,621
Commercial and industrial		10,888		2,779		14		—		13,681
One-to-four family investor-owned		27,453		—		624		—		28,077
Multifamily		29,531		—		—		—		29,531
Totals	$	154,130	$	3,364	$	638	$	—	$	158,132
December 31, 2018
Development	$	7,801	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,801
Real estate		69,425		—		—		—		69,425
Commercial and industrial		13,122		—		20		—		13,142
One-to-four family investor-owned		30,558		1,353		401		—		32,312
Multifamily		34,467		—		—		—		34,467
Totals	$	155,373	$	1,353	$	421	$	—	$	157,147

Information regarding the credit quality indicators most closely monitored for residential real estate and consumer loans by class follows:

	Performing		Non-performing		Totals
December 31, 2019
One-to-four family owner-occupied	$	28,636	$	744	$	29,380
Consumer		4,141		89		4,230
	$	32,777	$	833	$	33,610
December 31, 2018
One-to-four family owner-occupied	$	39,919	$	1,099	$	41,018
Consumer		2,625		108		2,733
	$	42,544	$	1,207	$	43,751

Loan Aging Information

Loan aging information follows:

			Loans Past Due		Loans Past Due				Nonaccrual
	Current Loans		30-89 Days		90+ Days		Total Loans		Loans
December 31, 2019
Commercial
Development	$	18,222	$	—	$	—	$	18,222	$	—
Real estate		68,621		—		—		68,621		—
Commercial and industrial		13,681		—		—		13,681		14
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		29,034		—		346		29,380		346
One-to-four family investor-owned		28,077		—		—		28,077		624
Multifamily		29,531		—		—		29,531		—
Consumer		4,230		—		—		4,230		86
Total	$	191,396	$	—	$	346	$	191,742	$	1,070

			Loans Past Due		Loans Past Due				Nonaccrual
	Current Loans		30-89 Days		90+ Days		Total Loans		Loans
December 31, 2018
Commercial
Development	$	7,801	$	—	$	—	$	7,801	$	—
Real estate		69,425		—		—		69,425		—
Commercial and industrial		13,076		66		—		13,142		20
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		41,013		5		—		41,018		365
One-to-four family investor-owned		32,069		243		—		32,312		241
Multifamily		34,467		—		—		34,467		—
Consumer		2,733		—		—		2,733		94
Total	$	200,584	$	314	$	—	$	200,898	$	720

Schedule of Non-Accrual Loans

Nonaccrual loans are as follows:

As ofDecember 31	2019		2018
Nonaccrual loans, other than troubled debt restructurings	$	416	$	20
Nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructurings		654		700
Total nonaccrual loans		1,070		720
Restructured loans, accruing	$	1,185	$	501

Information Regarding Troubled Debt Restructurings

The following presents information regarding new modifications of loans classified as troubled debt restructurings during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. All troubled debt restructurings are classified as impaired loans. The recorded investment presented in the following tables does not include specific reserves for loan losses recognized for these loans, which totaled $158 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

				Post-
	Number of	Pre-Modification		Modification
	Modifications	Investment		Investment
December 31, 2019
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	2	$	729	$	729
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	3		285		285
Total loan modifications	5	$	1,014	$	1,014
December 31, 2018
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	2	$	302	$	302
One-to-four family investor-owned	1		250		250
Consumer	1		20		20
Total loan modifications	4	$	572	$	572

Schedule of Carrying Value of all Purchased Loans

The following table reflects the carrying value of all purchased loans:

	Contractually Required
	Payments Receivable				Carrying Value
			Non-Credit		of
As of December 31, 2019	Credit Impaired		Impaired		Purchased Loans
Commercial
Real estate	$	—	$	—	$	—
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		—		4,580		4,548
One-to-four family investor-owned		—		6,580		6,535
Multifamily		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—
Totals	$	—	$	11,160	$	11,083

	Contractually Required
	Payments Receivable				Carrying Value
			Non-Credit		of
As of December 31, 2018	Credit Impaired		Impaired		Purchased Loans
Commercial
Real estate	$	—	$	7,687	$	7,673
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		—		5,075		5,014
One-to-four family investor-owned		—		9,269		9,164
Multifamily		—		3,953		3,943
Consumer		—		—		—
Totals	$	—	$	25,984	$	25,794

Carrying Amount of Accretable Yield for Purchased Loans

The change in carrying amount of accretable yield for purchased loans was as follows:

	For years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Beginning Balance	$	190	$	334
Additions		—		—
Accretion		(113)		(144)
Ending Balance	$	77	$	190

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Available for Sale Securities (Gain (Loss) From Securities Available for Sale) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Available for Sale Securities
Proceeds from sale of securities	$ 4,836	$ 12,874
Gross gains	21	35
Gross losses	$ (25)	$ (239)

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Loans (Impaired Financing Receivable) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Principal balance with related allowance	$ 1,144
Recorded investment with related allowance	1,132
Related allowance	235
Average investment with related allowance	1,152
Interest recognized with related allowance	19
Principal balance with no related allowance	1,225	$ 1,593
Recorded investment with no related allowance	1,123	1,556
Average investment with no related allowance	1,160	1,590
Interest recognized with no related allowance	10	31
Impaired Financing Receivable, Unpaid Principal Balance, Total	2,369
Impaired Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Total	2,255
Impaired Financing Receivable, Average Recorded Investment, Total	2,312
Impaired Financing Receivable, Interest Income, Accrual Method, Total	29
Commercial and Industrial [Member] | Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member]
Principal balance with related allowance	729
Recorded investment with related allowance	729
Related allowance	158
Average investment with related allowance	740
Interest recognized with related allowance	19
Principal balance with no related allowance	73	89
Recorded investment with no related allowance	69	87
Average investment with no related allowance	77	93
Interest recognized with no related allowance	5	5
One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member] | Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member]
Principal balance with no related allowance	795	1,142
Recorded investment with no related allowance	744	1,120
Average investment with no related allowance	754	1,137
Interest recognized with no related allowance	5	26
One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member] | Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member]
Principal balance with related allowance	415
Recorded investment with related allowance	403
Related allowance	77
Average investment with related allowance	412
Principal balance with no related allowance	243	248
Recorded investment with no related allowance	221	241
Average investment with no related allowance	231	246
Consumer [Member] | Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member]
Principal balance with no related allowance	114	114
Recorded investment with no related allowance	89	108
Average investment with no related allowance	$ 98	$ 114

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Intangible Assets (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Intangible Assets
Core deposit premium intangible assets, gross carrying amount	$ 161	$ 161
Core deposit premium intangible assets, accumulated amortization	90	74
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 16	$ 16

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Related-party Transactions (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Related party deposit liabilities	$ 1,546	$ 3,467
Lease for Office Space with Related Party [Member]
Payments for rent	28	28
Law Firm, Directors [Member] | Services of Law Firm [Member]
Related party transaction, amounts of transaction	$ 6	$ 11

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Income Taxes (Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes
Allowance for loan losses	$ 617	$ 577
Deferred compensation	121	121
Non-accrual interest	5	18
Purchase accounting	7	18
Equity compensation	23	4
Unrealized loss on available for sale securities		219
Charitable contribution carryforward	132	191
Other	46	10
Deferred Tax Assets	951	1,158
Depreciation and amortization	(50)	(73)
FHLB stock	(23)	(30)
Other	(127)
Deferred Tax Liabilities	(200)	(103)
Net Deferred Tax Asset	$ 751	$ 1,055

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Fair Value (Quantitative Information) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Foreclosed assets	$ 84	$ 69
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Valuation, Market and Income Approach [Member]
Impaired loans	897
Foreclosed assets	$ 84	$ 69
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Valuation, Market and Income Approach [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Impaired loans, measurement input	10
Foreclosed assets, measurement input	10	10
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Valuation, Market and Income Approach [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Impaired loans, measurement input	20
Foreclosed assets, measurement input	20	20

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Foreclosed Assets (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Foreclosed Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Repossessed assets, total	$ 84	$ 69
Mortgage loans in process of foreclosure, amount	$ 347	$ 0

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FHLB Advances (FHLB Advances) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fixed rate, fixed term advances, amount	$ 7,500	$ 11,750
Fixed term advances with floating spread, amount	4,000	6,000
Total FHLB advances	$ 11,500	$ 17,750
Minimum [Member]
Fixed rate advances, weighted average rate	1.62%	1.42%
Fixed term advances with floating spread	1.69%	1.54%
Maximum [Member]
Fixed rate advances, weighted average rate	2.70%	2.70%
Fixed term advances with floating spread	2.09%	2.05%

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Cash and Due from Banks (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash and Due from Banks
Amount of required reserve balance with Federal Reserve Bank	$ 0	$ 0

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Employee Stock Ownership Plan (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Disclosures

	2019		2018
Shares allocated to active participants		15,907		2,947
Shares committed to be released and allocated to participants		12,960		12,960
Total unallocated shares		230,343		243,303
Total ESOP shares		259,210		259,210
Fair value of unallocated shares (based on $11.55 and $10.03 share price at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)	$	2,660	$	2,440

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees	$ 9,957	$ 9,192
Securities
Taxable	1,144	1,290
Tax-exempt	22	49
Other	108	78
Total interest and dividend income	11,231	10,609
Interest Expense:
Interest-bearing deposits	2,445	1,677
Borrowed funds	343	432
Total interest expense	2,788	2,109
Net interest income	8,443	8,500
Provision for loan losses	201	513
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	8,242	7,987
Noninterest income:
Service charges and other fees	350	371
Net gain on sale of loans	389	244
Net loss on sale of securities	(4)	(204)
Increase in cash surrender value of insurance	218	194
Other noninterest income	95	95
Total noninterest income	1,048	700
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	4,268	4,248
Occupancy and equipment	1,043	1,002
Data processing	598	546
Technology	314	243
Foreclosed assets, net	5	36
Professional fees	385	438
Other noninterest expense	619	798
Total noninterest expense	7,232	7,311
Income before income taxes	2,058	1,376
Provision for income taxes	502	318
Net income	$ 1,556	$ 1,058
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.24	$ 0.17
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.24	$ 0.17

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 1,556	$ 1,058
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for loan losses	201	513
Depreciation	346	342
Net accretion of loan portfolio discount and deposit premium	(113)	(144)
Net amortization on securities available for sale	357	526
(Gain) loss on sales and impairments of foreclosed assets	(7)	17
Loss on sale of available for sale securities	4	204
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance	(218)	(194)
ESOP compensation	138	143
Stock based compensation	338	18
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable	43	14
Loans held for sale	479	(570)
Other assets	(579)	42
Accrued interest payable	(19)	33
Other liabilities	215	28
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,741	2,030
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities	4,836	12,874
Maturities, calls, paydowns on available for sale securities	7,327	8,091
Purchases of available for sale securities	(15,669)	(7,867)
Net (increase) decrease in loans	9,231	(27,967)
Purchases of premises and equipment	(96)	(109)
Proceeds from redemption of FHLB stock	165
Purchase of FHLB stock		(225)
Purchase of Bankers' Bank stock	(206)
Proceeds from redemption of life insurance	161
Purchase of life insurance	(4)	(255)
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets	76	792
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	5,821	(14,666)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits	34,047	292
Net (decrease) increase in escrow	(9)	19
Repayments of FHLB advances	(7,750)	(2,000)
Proceeds from FHLB advances	1,500	7,000
Repurchase of common stock	(1,461)
Net cash provided by financing activities	26,327	5,311
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	34,889	(7,325)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning	4,488	11,813
Cash and cash equivalents at end	39,377	4,488
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures:
Cash paid for interest	2,807	2,076
Cash paid for income taxes	415	120
Loans transferred to foreclosed assets	$ 84	238
Financed sales of foreclosed assets		$ 21

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Loans (Troubled Debt Restructuring) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Number of Modifications	5	4
Pre-Modification Investment	$ 1,014	$ 572
Post- Modification Investment	$ 1,014	$ 572
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member]
Number of Modifications	3	2
Pre-Modification Investment	$ 285	$ 302
Post- Modification Investment	$ 285	$ 302
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member]
Number of Modifications		1
Pre-Modification Investment		$ 250
Post- Modification Investment		$ 250
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Consumer [Member]
Number of Modifications		1
Pre-Modification Investment		$ 20
Post- Modification Investment		$ 20
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Commercial and Industrial [Member]
Number of Modifications	2
Pre-Modification Investment	$ 729
Post- Modification Investment	$ 729

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Intangible Assets (Projections of Amortization Expense) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Intangible Assets
2020	$ 16
2021	16
2022	16
2023	16
2024	$ 7

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Share-based Compensation Plans (Narrative) (Details) - The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Nov. 30, 2018
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Total	$ 1.4
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition	2 years 6 months
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized		129,605
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant	35,363
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period	5 years
Restricted Stock [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	20.00%
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized		324,012
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant	101,923
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period	5 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period	10 years

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Premises and Equipment (Premises and Equipment) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Premises and equipment, gross	$ 6,953	$ 6,893
Less: Accumulated depreciation	2,146	1,836
Premises and equipment, net	4,807	5,057
Land [Member]
Premises and equipment, gross	479	479
Building [Member]
Premises and equipment, gross	4,929	4,929
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Premises and equipment, gross	162	153
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Premises and equipment, gross	$ 1,383	$ 1,332

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Deposits (Composition of Deposits) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deposits
Non-interest bearing checking	$ 20,733	$ 22,763
Interest bearing checking	6,941	5,424
Money market	46,673	41,910
Statement savings accounts	12,359	13,773
Health savings accounts	10,670	11,197
Deposits held in escrow for stock subscriptions	52,648
Certificates of deposit	67,228	88,138
Total	$ 217,252	$ 183,205

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Share-based Compensation Plans (Valuation Assumptions were Used for Options Granted) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 $ / shares
Share-based Compensation Plans
Risk-free interest rate	2.30%
Expected volatility	18.38%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%
Expected life of options (years) (Year)	7 years 6 months
Weighted average fair value per option of options granted during the year (in dollars per share)	$ 2.90

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Foreclosed Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Foreclosed Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Foreclosed Assets

NOTE 14 – Foreclosed Assets

Foreclosed assets consists of one owner-occupied one-to-four family property as of December 31, 2019 totaling $84 and one foreclosed owner-occupied one-to-four family property totaling $69 at December 31, 2018. Residential real estate loans that are in the process of foreclosure totaled $347 and $0 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Deferred Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Deferred Compensation

Deferred Compensation

NOTE 18 – Deferred Compensation

The Company has entered into various deferred compensation agreements with key officers. The liability outstanding under the agreements was $446 at December 31, 2019 and $443 at December 31, 2018. The amount charged to operations was $53 and $52 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

In addition, the Company is party to a life insurance agreement with an executive officer pursuant to which the Company has purchased a life insurance policy on the executive officer’s life. Under the agreement, the beneficiary is entitled to a death benefit paid by the insurer from the policy proceeds equal to $85. At December 31, 2019, the cash surrender value of this policy was $259.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

NOTE 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

From October 2017 until January 2020, as discussed below, we operated in a two-tier mutual holding company structure. FFBW, Inc. (the “Company”) was a federal corporation that was the publicly traded stock holding company of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin (the “Bank”). At December 31, 2019, the Company had 6,566,478 shares of common stock outstanding, of which 2,929,603 shares, or 44.6%, were owned by the public, including 25,000 shares owned by FFBW Community Foundation, and the remaining 3,636,875 shares were held by FFBW, MHC (the “MHC”), a federally chartered mutual holding company and former parent company of the Company.

At December 31, 2019, the significant assets of the Company consisted of the capital stock of the Bank. The liabilities of the Company were insignificant. The Company was subject to the financial reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company was subject to regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“the Federal Reserve Board”).

First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is a community bank headquartered in Waukesha, Wisconsin that provides financial services to individuals and businesses from our offices in Waukesha, Brookfield, and the Bay View neighborhood of Milwaukee.

FFBW, Inc. (“New FFBW”), a Maryland corporation that was organized in September 2019, is a savings and loan holding headquartered in Waukesha, Wisconsin. New FFBW was formed to be the successor to the Company upon completion of the second step mutual-to-stock conversion (the “Conversion”) of the MHC. Prior to completion of the Conversion, approximately 55.4% of the shares of common stock of the Company were owned by the MHC. In conjunction with the Conversion, the MHC and the Company merged into New FFBW. The Conversion was completed on January 16, 2020. In the Conversion, New FFBW sold 4,268,570 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $41.5 million, and issued 3,436,430 shares of common stock in exchange for the shares of common stock of Old FFBW owned by stockholders of Old FFBW, other than FFBW, MHC, as of the effective date of the conversion.  As a result of the conversion, FFBW, MHC and Old FFBW have ceased to exist.

The Conversion was conducted pursuant to the MHC’s Plan of Conversion. The Plan of Conversion provided for the establishment, upon the completion of the Conversion, of special “liquidation accounts” for the benefit of certain depositors of the Bank in an amount equal to the MHC’s ownership interest in the stockholders’ equity of the Company as of the date of the latest balance sheet contained in the prospectus plus the MHC’s net assets (excluding its ownership of the Company). Following the completion of the Conversion, the Company and the Bank will not be permitted to pay dividends on their capital stock if the shareholders' equity of New FFBW, or the shareholder's equity of the Bank, would be reduced below the amount of the liquidation accounts. The liquidation accounts will be reduced annually to the extent that eligible account holders have reduced their qualifying deposits. Subsequent increases will not restore an eligible account holder's interest in the liquidation accounts. Direct costs of the conversion and public offering will be deferred and reduce the proceeds from the shares sold in the public offering. Costs of $603 have been incurred related to the conversion as of December 31, 2019.

Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the JOBS Act), which was signed into law on April 5, 2012, has made numerous changes to the federal securities laws to facilitate access to capital markets. Under the JOBS Act, a company with total annual gross revenues of less than $1.07 billion during its most recently completed fiscal year qualifies as an “emerging growth company.” The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” and believes that it will continue to qualify as an “emerging growth company” until five years from the completion of the stock offering.

As an “emerging growth company,” the Company has elected to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. Accordingly, the financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the fair values of securities, fair value of financial instruments, the valuation of other real estate owned and the valuation of deferred income tax assets.

Revenue Recognition

Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.

The majority of the Company's revenue-generating transactions are not subject to ASC 606, including revenue all interest and dividend income generated from financial instruments. Certain noninterest income items, including loan servicing income, gain on sales of loans, gain on sales of securities, and other noninterest income have been evaluated to not fall with the scope of ASC 606. Elements of noninterest income that is within the scope of ASC 606, are as follows:

Service charges and other fees - The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Management reviewed the deposit account agreements, and determined that the agreements can be terminated at any time by either the Company or the account holder. Transaction fees, such as balance transfers, wires and overdraft charges are settled the day the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company's monthly service charges and maintenance fees are for services provided to the customer on a monthly basis and are considered a series of services that have the same pattern of transfer each month. The review of service charges assessed on deposit accounts included the amount of variable consideration that is a part of the monthly charges. It was found that the waiver of service charges due to insufficient funds and dormant account fees is immaterial and would not require a change in the accounting treatment for these fees under the new revenue standards. Recognition of revenue under ASC 606 did not materially change the timing or magnitude of revenue recognition.

Interchange fees - Customers use a Bank-issued debit card to purchase goods and services, and the Company earns interchange fees on those transactions, typically a percentage of the sale amount of the transaction. The Company records the amount due when it receives the settlement from the payment network. Payments from the payment network are received and recorded into income on a daily basis. These fees are included in “service charges and other fees” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. There are no contingent debit card interchange fees recorded by the Company that could be subject to a clawback in future periods. Recognition of revenue under ASC 606 did not materially change the timing or magnitude of revenue recognition.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and balances due from banks, non-maturity deposits in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLB), and fed funds sold. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Available for Sale Securities

Securities classified as available for sale are those securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as available for sale would be based on various factors, including significant movements in interest rates, changes in the maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital requirements, and other similar factors. Securities classified as available for sale are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses are reported as increases or decreases in other comprehensive income, net of the related deferred tax effect. Realized gains or losses, determined on the basis of the cost of specific securities sold, are included in earnings. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific-identification method.

Declines in fair value of securities that are deemed to be other than temporary, if applicable, are reflected in earnings as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient enough to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Loans Acquired in a Transfer

The Company acquires loans (including debt securities) individually and in groups or portfolios. These loans are initially measured at fair value with no allowance for loan losses. The Company’s allowance for loan losses on all acquired loans reflect only those losses incurred subsequent to acquisition.

Certain acquired loans may have experienced deterioration of credit quality between origination and the Company’s acquisition of the loans. At acquisition, the Company reviews each loan to determine whether there is evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and if it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loan’s contractual terms. If both conditions exist, the Company determines whether each such loan is to be accounted for individually or whether such loans will be assembled into pools of loans based on common risk characteristics (for example, credit score, loan type, and date of origination). The Company considers expected prepayments and estimates the amount and timing of undiscounted principal, interest, and other cash flows expected at acquisition for each loan and aggregated pool of loans. The excess of the loan’s or pool’s scheduled contractual principal and interest payments over all cash flows expected at acquisition is calculated as the nonaccretable difference. The excess of cash flows expected to be collected over the fair value of each loan or pool (accretable yield) is accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool.

At each reporting date, the Company continues to estimate cash flows expected to be collected for each loan or pool. If expected cash flows have decreased from the acquisition date estimate, the Company recognizes an allowance for loan losses. If expected cash flows have increased from the acquisition date estimate, the Company increases the amount of accretable yield to be recognized as interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. Mortgage loans held for sale are sold with the mortgage servicing rights released by the Company. Gains or losses on sales of mortgage loans are recognized based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related mortgage loan sold.

Loans

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for deferred loan fees and costs, charge-offs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is accrued and credited to income based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan-origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method.

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in the opinion of management, there is an indication that the borrower may be unable to make payments as they become due. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged off, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is subsequently accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method until qualifying for return to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at the level considered adequate by management to provide for losses that are probable as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense as losses are estimated to have occurred. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. In determining the adequacy of the allowance balance, the Company makes evaluations of the loan portfolio and related off-balance sheet commitments, considers current economic conditions and historical loss experience, and reviews specific problem loans and other factors.

When establishing the allowance for loan losses, management categorizes loans into risk categories generally based on the nature of the collateral and the basis of repayment. These risk categories and their relevant risk characteristics are as follows:

Commercial development: These loans are secured by vacant land and/or property that are in the process of improvement. Repayment of these loans can be dependent on the sale of the property to third parties or the successful completion of the improvements by the builder for the end user. Construction loans include not only construction of new structures, but loans originated to finance additions to or alterations of existing structures. Until a permanent loan originates, or payoff occurs, all commercial construction loans secured by real estate are reported in this loan pool. Development loans also have the risk that improvements will not be completed on time, or in accordance with specifications and projected costs.

Commercial real estate: These loans are primarily secured by office and industrial buildings, warehouses, small retail shopping facilities, and various special purpose properties, including restaurants. These loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans. Loans to closely held businesses are generally guaranteed in full by the owners of the business. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property. The cash flows of the borrowers, however, may not behave as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to the general economic factors or conditions specific to the real estate market, such as geographic location and/or purpose type.

Commercial and industrial: Commercial and industrial loans are extended primarily to small and middle market customers. Such credits typically comprise working capital loans, asset acquisition loans, and loans for other business purposes. Loans to closely held businesses are generally guaranteed in full by the owners of the business. Commercial and industrial loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of the borrowers, however, may not behave as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to economic or individual performance factors. Minimum standards and underwriting guidelines have been established for commercial and industrial loans.

One-to-four family owner-occupied: These loans are generally to individuals and are underwritten by evaluating the credit history of the borrower, the ability of the borrower to meet the debt service requirements of the loan and total debt obligations, the underlying collateral, and the loan to collateral value. Also included in this category are junior liens on one-to-four family residential properties. Underwriting standards for one-to-four family owner-occupied loans are heavily influenced by statutory requirements, which include, but are not limited to, loan-to-value and affordability ratios, risk-based pricing strategies, and documentation requirements.

One-to-four family investor-owned: These loans may be to individuals or businesses and are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property(ies). The cash flows of the borrowers, however, may not behave as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to the general economic factors or conditions specific to the real estate market, such as geographic location and/or purpose type.

Multifamily real estate: These loans include loans to finance non-farm properties with five or more units in structures primarily to accommodate households. Such credits are typically originated to finance the acquisition or refinancing of an apartment building. These loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans. Loans to closely held businesses are generally guaranteed in full by the owners of the business. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the subject multifamily property, with assumptions made for vacancy rates. Cash flows of the borrowers rely on the receipt of rental income from the tenants of the property who are themselves subject to fluctuations in national and local economic conditions and unemployment trends.

Consumer: These loans may take the form of installment loans, demand loans, or single payment loans, and are extended to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures. These loans generally include direct consumer automobile loans and credit card loans. These loans are generally smaller in size and are underwritten by evaluating the credit history of the borrower, the ability of the borrower to meet the debt service requirements of the loan and total debt obligations.

Management regularly evaluates the allowance for loan losses using the Company’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio, composition of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective since it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change.

A loan is impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will not collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management determines whether a loan is impaired on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the payment status, collateral value, length and reason of any payment delays, the borrower’s prior payment record, and any other relevant factors. Large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans, such as residential mortgage and consumer loans, are collectively evaluated in the allowance for loan losses analysis and are not subject to impairment analysis unless such loans have been subject to a restructuring agreement. Specific allowances for impaired loans are based on discounted cash flows of expected future payments using the loan’s initial effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the allowance for loan losses. These agencies may require the Company to make additions to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments of collectability based on information available to them at the time of their examination.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Loans are accounted for as troubled debt restructurings when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties that lead to a restructuring of the loan, and the Company grants a “concession” to the borrower that they would not otherwise consider. These concessions include a modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate or loan balance, a reduction of accrued interest, an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than a current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or some combination thereof to facilitate repayment. Troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans.

Foreclosed Assets

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value, less costs to sell, at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management, and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net expenses from foreclosed assets.

Premises and Equipment

Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Provisions for depreciation are computed on straight-line and accelerated methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Other Equity Investments

Other Equity Investments consist of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock and Bankers’ Bank stock. The Company's investment in the FHLB stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company is required to hold the stock as a member of the FHLB, and transfer of the stock is substantially restricted. The stock is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis.  The Company is required to adjust its reported value of Bankers’ Bank stock, which is considered an equity security without a readily determinable market value, if a comparable transaction is observed.

Income Taxes

Amounts provided for income tax expense are based on income reported for financial statement purposes and do not necessarily represent amounts currently payable under tax laws. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for differences between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.

As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. The differences relate principally to the allowances for loan losses, deferred compensation, depreciation, FHLB stock dividends and non-accrual interest. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The tax effects from an uncertain tax position can be recognized in the financial statements only if the position is more likely than not to be sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Based on its evaluation, the Company has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax issues as components of income tax expense. During the periods shown, the Company did not recognize any interest or penalties related to income tax expense in its statements of operations.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss) is shown on the statements of comprehensive income. The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is composed of the unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale, net of tax and is shown on the statements of changes in equity. Reclassification adjustments out of other comprehensive income (loss) for losses realized on sales of securities available for sale comprise the entire balance of “net loss on sale of securities” on the statements of operations. As part of this reclassification, income tax credit of approximately $1 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2019 and income tax expense of approximately $56 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018 in “provision for income taxes” on the statements of operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into off-balance-sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit, unfunded commitments under lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they become payable.

Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key executives. Life insurance is measured at the amount that could be realized under the insurance contract as of the balance sheet date, which is generally the cash surrender value of the policy.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent events have been evaluated through March 25, 2020, which is the date the financial statements are available to be issued.

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) could adversely impact a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impair their ability to fulfill their obligations to the Company.  The World Health Organization has declared Covid-19 to be a global pandemic indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections.

The spread of the outbreak will likely cause disruptions in the U.S. economy and is highly likely to disrupt banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates and could potentially create widespread business continuity issues for the Company. 

The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions.  If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates or is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2018 consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2019 classifications.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). For as long as the Company is an emerging growth company, it may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies. An emerging growth company may elect to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies, but must make such election when the Company is first required to file a registration statement. The Company has elected to use the extended transition period described above and intends to maintain its emerging growth company status as allowed under the JOBS Act.

The Company recently adopted the following Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).

ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers."

The objective of this new standard is to provide a common revenue standard for all entities that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods, services, or nonfinancial assets. The Company adopted this new accounting standard for the effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. The Company did not identify any changes in the timing of revenue recognition when considering the amended accounting guidance, however, the Company has included additional disclosures as required by the guidance.

ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”

ASU No. 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10)”

ASU No. 2016-01 is a wide-ranging standard with several elements that will impact most financial institutions. The standard introduces new guidance that applies to most equity investments. Under the standard, equity securities can no longer be classified as available-for-sale securities. Instead, market value fluctuations on equity securities will have to be recognized directly through net income. An entity may elect to value equity investments without a readily determinable fair value at its cost minus impairment (if any) plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer, with any changes recognized through net income. The standard also eliminates certain disclosure requirements related to financial instruments. Non-public business entities will no longer have to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost in the financial statements. Public business entities (“PBEs”) will still need to make this disclosure but will no longer be required to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost. ASU 2016-01 is effective for non-PBEs for years beginning after December 15, 2018, and was effective for PBEs with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. ASU 2016-01 will require the Company to adjust its reported value of Bankers’ Bank stock, which is considered an equity security without a readily determinable market value, if a comparable transaction is observed.

The following ASUs have been issued by the FASB and may impact the Company's financial statements in future reporting periods:

ASU No. 2016-13, “Credit Losses (Topic 326).”

ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326.”

ASU No. 2019-05, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.”

ASU 2016-13 requires organizations to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption will be permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on its financial statements.

ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to the Leases Analysis.”

ASU No. 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to Topic 842."

ASU No. 2018-11, "Targeted Improvements"

For lessees, Topic 842 requires leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, along with disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU 2018-01, 2018-10 and 2018-11. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification expense recognition in the income statement.

For lessors, Topic 842 requires lessors to classify leases as sales-type, direct financing or operating leases. A lease is a sales-type lease if any one of five criteria are met, each of which indicate that the lease, in effect, transfers control of the underlying asset to the lessee. If none of those five criteria are met, but two additional criteria are both met, indicating the lessor has transferred substantially all the risks and benefits of the underlying asset to the lessee and a third party, the lease is a direct financing lease. All leases that are not sales-type or direct financing leases are operating leases.

The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) the new standard's effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. The Company expects to adopt the new standard on January 1, 2021 using the effective date as its date of initial application. The Company is evaluating what impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”

This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, including the removal, modification to, and addition of certain disclosure requirements. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The majority of the disclosure changes are to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently in the process of reviewing this ASU to determine whether the modifications within will be adopted prior to the effective date. Although this ASU has a significant impact to the Company’s fair value disclosures, no additional impact to the financial statements is expected.

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Earnings Per Share (Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share
Net income	$ 1,556	$ 1,058
Weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	6,620,922	6,617,507
Weighted average unallocated Employee Stock Ownership Plan Shares (in shares)	(236,823)	(249,783)
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	6,384,099	6,367,724
Dilutive potential common shares (in shares)	222,089
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	6,606,188	6,367,724
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.24	$ 0.17
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.24	$ 0.17

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Document And Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 25, 2020	Jan. 17, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	FFBW, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001709017
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Public Float			$ 82.8
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		7,704,875

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Intangible Assets

Projections of Amortization Expense of Intangible Assets

The following table shows the estimated future amortization of the core deposit premium intangible asset for the next five years. The projections of amortization expense are based on existing asset balances:

	As of December
	31, 2019
2020	16
2021	16
2022	16
2023	16
2024	7

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net income	$ 1,556	$ 1,058
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	1,279	(637)
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income	4	204
Other comprehensive income (loss) before tax effect	1,283	(433)
Tax effect of other comprehensive income (loss) items	(346)	87
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	937	(346)
Comprehensive income	$ 2,493	$ 712

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Deposits (Maturities of Certificates of Deposit) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Deposits
2020	$ 44,462
2021	17,354
2022	2,374
2023	2,046
2024	992
Total	$ 67,228

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Share-based Compensation Plans (Summary of Changes in Restricted Shares) (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Shares outstanding, number of shares (in shares)	84,242
Shares outstanding, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 10.82
Granted, number of shares (in shares)	10,000	84,242
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 10.64	$ 10.82
Vested, number of shares (in shares)	(16,842)
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 10.82
Forfeited, number of shares (in shares)
Forfeited, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
Shares outstanding, number of shares (in shares)	77,400	84,242
Shares outstanding, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 10.79	$ 10.82

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Loans (Purchased Loans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Carrying Value of Purchased Loans	$ 11,083	$ 25,794
Credit Impaired [Member]
Contractually Required Payments Receivable	0	0
Non-Credit Impaired [Member]
Contractually Required Payments Receivable	11,160	25,984
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Real Estate Loan [Member]
Carrying Value of Purchased Loans		7,673
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Real Estate Loan [Member] | Non-Credit Impaired [Member]
Contractually Required Payments Receivable		7,687
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member]
Carrying Value of Purchased Loans	4,548	5,014
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member] | Non-Credit Impaired [Member]
Contractually Required Payments Receivable	4,580	5,075
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member]
Carrying Value of Purchased Loans	6,535	9,164
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member] | Non-Credit Impaired [Member]
Contractually Required Payments Receivable	$ 6,580	9,269
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Multifamily Loan [Member]
Carrying Value of Purchased Loans		3,943
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Multifamily Loan [Member] | Non-Credit Impaired [Member]
Contractually Required Payments Receivable		$ 3,953

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Deferred Compensation (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred compensation liability	$ 446	$ 443
Deferred compensation arrangement with individual, compensation expense	53	52
Cash surrender value of life insurance	7,068	$ 7,007
Executive Officer [Member]
Bank owned life insurance	85
Cash surrender value of life insurance	$ 259

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Share-based Compensation Plans (Impact of Share-based Payment Plans in Financial Statements) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cost of share-based payment plans	$ 338,000.00	$ 18,000
Amount of related income tax benefit recognized in income	91,000.00	5,000
Restricted Stock [Member]
Cost of share-based payment plans	196,000.00	11,000
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Cost of share-based payment plans	$ 142,000.00	$ 7,000

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Premises and Equipment (Rent Commitments) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Premises and Equipment
2020	$ 153
2021	144
2022	146
2023	148
2024	150
Thereafter	437
Total	$ 1,178

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Fair Value

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value

Fair Value

NOTE 15 – Fair Value

Accounting standards describe three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value (the fair value hierarchy). The level of an asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input significant to the fair value measurement of that asset or liability.

Following is a brief description of each level of the fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 - Fair value measurement is based on quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - Fair value measurement is based on: (1) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; (2) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or (3) valuation models and methodologies for which all significant assumptions are or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Fair value measurement is based on valuation models and methodologies that incorporate at least one significant assumption that cannot be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 measurements reflect the Company’s estimates about assumptions market participants would use in measuring fair value of the asset or liability.

Some assets and liabilities, such as securities available for sale, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Other assets and liabilities, such as impaired loans, may be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Following is a description of the Company’s valuation methodology and significant inputs used for each asset and liability measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis, as well as the classification of the asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy.

Available for sale securities - Available for sale securities may be classified as Level 1 or Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 securities include equity securities traded on a national exchange. The fair value measurement of a Level 1 security is based on the quoted price of the security. Level 2 securities include U.S. government and agency securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, corporate debt securities, and mortgage related securities. The fair value measurement of a Level 2 security is obtained from an independent pricing service and is based on recent sales of similar securities and other observable market data.

Loans - Loans are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, loans considered to be impaired may be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value measurement of an impaired loan that is collateral dependent is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. Independent appraisals are obtained that utilize one or more valuation methodologies - typically they will incorporate a comparable sales approach and an income approach. Management routinely evaluates the fair value measurements of independent appraisers and adjusts those valuations based on differences noted between actual selling prices of collateral and the most recent appraised value. Such adjustments are usually significant, which results in a Level 3 classification. All other impaired loan measurements are based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the applicable effective interest rate and, thus, are not fair value measurements.

Foreclosed assets- Real estate acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, foreclosed assets are initially measured at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) when they are acquired and may also be measured at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) if they become subsequently impaired. The fair value measurement for each asset may be obtained from an independent appraiser or prepared internally. Fair value measurements obtained from independent appraisers generally utilize a market approach based on sales of comparable assets and/or an income approach. Such measurements are usually considered Level 2 measurements. However, management routinely evaluates fair value measurements of independent appraisers by comparing actual selling prices to the most recent appraisals. If management determines significant adjustments should be made to the independent appraisals based on these evaluations, these measurements are considered Level 3 measurements. Fair value measurements prepared internally are based on management’s comparisons to sales of comparable assets, but include significant unobservable data and are therefore considered Level 3 measurements.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Recurring Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices
	in Active		Significant
	Markets for		Other		Significant
	Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Instruments		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
As of December 31, 2019
Assets:
Available for sale securities:
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	—	$	958	$	—	$	958
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		8,605		—		8,605
Mortgage-backed securities		—		35,482		—		35,482
Certificates of deposit		—		1,017		—		1,017
Corporate debt securities		—		2,117		—		2,117
Total	$	—	$	48,179	$	—	$	48,179
As of December 31, 2018
Assets:
Available for sale securities:
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	—	$	1,307	$	—	$	1,307
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		8,295		—		8,295
Mortgage-backed securities		—		28,536		—		28,536
Certificates of deposit		—		1,446		—		1,446
Corporate debt securities		—		4,167		—		4,167
Total	$	—	$	43,751	$	—	$	43,751

Information regarding the fair value of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis follows:

			Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
	Assets		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Measured at		Instruments		Inputs		Inputs
	Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
As of December 31, 2019
Assets:
Loans	$	897	$	—	$	—	$	897
Foreclosed assets		84		—		—		84
As of December 31, 2018
Assets:
Foreclosed assets	$	69	$	—	$	—	$	69

Loans with a carrying amount of $1,132 were considered impaired and were written down to their estimated fair value of $897 as of December 31, 2019. As a result, the Company recognized a specific valuation allowance against these impaired loans totaling $235 as of December 31, 2019. There were no loans recognized at fair value as of December 31, 2018.

Foreclosed assets with a carrying amount of $84 and $69 were determined to be at their fair value as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The following presents quantitative information about nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements:

					Range/Weighted
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input(s)	Average
As of December 31, 2019
Loans	$	897	Market and/or income approach	Management discount on appraised values	10	%	-	20	%
Foreclosed assets	$	84	Market and/or income approach	Management discount on appraised values	10	%	-	20	%
As of December 31, 2018
Foreclosed assets	$	69	Market and/or income approach	Management discount on appraised values	10	%	-	20	%

The carrying value and estimated fair value of financial instruments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 follow:

	December 31, 2019
	Carrying			Fair Value
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	39,377	$	39,377	$	—	$	—
Available for sale securities		48,179		—		48,179		—
Loans held for sale		200		—		200		—
Loans		189,291		—		—		190,561
Accrued interest receivable		725		725		—		—
Cash value of life insurance		7,068		—		—		7,068
Other equity investments		780		—		—		780
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		217,252		150,024		—		67,391
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance		46		46		—		—
FHLB advances		11,500		—		—		11,509
Accrued interest payable		51		51		—		—

	December 31, 2018
	Carrying			Fair Value
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,488	$	4,488	$	—	$	—
Available for sale securities		43,751		—		43,751		—
Loans held for sale		679		—		679		—
Loans		198,694		—		—		199,048
Accrued interest receivable		768		768		—		—
Cash value of life insurance		7,007		—		—		7,007
Other equity investments		739		—		—		739
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		183,205		95,067		—		87,531
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance		55		55		—		—
FHLB advances		17,750		—		—		17,505
Accrued interest payable		70		70		—		—

Limitations - The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between market participants, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based on quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Consequently, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters that could affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance-sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business. Deposits with no stated maturities are defined as having a fair value equivalent to the amount payable on demand. This prohibits adjusting fair value derived from retaining those deposits for an expected future period of time. This component, commonly referred to as a deposit base intangible, is neither considered in the above amounts, nor is it recorded as an intangible asset on the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

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Employee Stock Ownership Plan

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Employee Stock Ownership Plan

NOTE 19 – Employee Stock Ownership Plan

The Company maintains a leveraged employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) that covers substantially all employees. The ESOP was established in conjunction with the Company’s stock offering completed in October 2017 and operates on a plan year ending December 31. The loan to fund the acquisition of stock by the ESOP was made by the Company. The Bank makes annual contributions to the ESOP equal to the ESOP’s debt service. The ESOP shares initially were pledged as collateral for this debt. As the debt is repaid, shares are released from collateral and allocated to active participants, based on the proportion of debt service paid in the year. Because the debt is intercompany, it is eliminated in consolidation for presentation in these financial statements. The shares pledged as collateral are reported as unearned ESOP shares in the balance sheet.

As shares are committed to be released from collateral and allocated to active participants, the Company reports compensation expense equal to the current market price of the shares and the shares will become outstanding for earnings-per-shares (EPS) computations. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,  12,960 shares were committed to be released. During the year ended December 31, 2019 the average fair value per share of stock was $10.62 resulting in total ESOP compensation expense of $138 for the year ended December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2018 the average fair value per share of stock was $11.03 resulting in total ESOP compensation expense of $143 for the year ended December 31, 2018. The ESOP shares as of December 31 were as follows:

	2019		2018
Shares allocated to active participants		15,907		2,947
Shares committed to be released and allocated to participants		12,960		12,960
Total unallocated shares		230,343		243,303
Total ESOP shares		259,210		259,210
Fair value of unallocated shares (based on $11.55 and $10.03 share price at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)	$	2,660	$	2,440

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Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

NOTE 11 - Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company may be involved in various legal proceedings. In the opinion of management, any liability resulting from such proceedings would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements. No legal proceedings existed at December 31, 2019.

The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual, or notional, amount of these commitments. The Company follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, and some of the commitments may not be drawn upon to the total extent of the commitment, the notional amount of these commitments does not necessarily represent future cash requirements of the Company.

The contract amounts of credit-related financial instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized below:

	Notional Amount
	2019	2018
Unused lines of credit
Fixed	14,902	7,467
Variable	3,770	11,307
Undisbursed portion of loan proceeds	2,194	5,890
Standby letters of credit, variable	993	1,277

Unused commitments under lines of credit are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing customers. These lines of credit may or may not require collateral and may or may not contain a specific maturity date.

The undisbursed portion of loan proceeds represents undrawn amounts under construction loans. These loans are generally secured by real estate and generally have a specific maturity date.

Standby letters of credit are conditional lending commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Generally, all standby letters of credit issued have expiration dates within one year. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company generally holds collateral supporting these commitments. Standby letters of credit are not reflected in the financial statements, since recording the fair value of these guarantees would not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

The Company sells loans to investors and does not retain servicing responsibilities. Upon sale, the risk of credit loss is passed to the investor, unless the loan is sold with recourse. For loans sold without recourse, the Company does not retain the risk of loss should a loan, previously sold, go into default, unless it is determined that such loan was not within the agreed-upon underwriting guidelines due to negligence on the part of the Company or fraud on the part of the borrower. Such risk retention is standard within the mortgage banking industry. The Company’s exposure relating to the fair value of the representations and warranties and other recourse obligations is not material. The Company is contingently liable in the amount of $7,679 relating to loans sold with recourse at December 31, 2019 and $5,370 as of December 31, 2018. All recourse provisions expire within four months from when the loan is sold.

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Cash and Due from Banks

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Cash and Due from Banks

Cash and Due from Banks

NOTE 3 - Cash and Due from Banks

Under Regulation D, savings institutions are generally required to maintain reserve balances in cash or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank, based upon a percentage of deposits. The Company was required to maintain reserve balances on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank of $0 as of both December 31, 2019 and 2018.

In the normal course of business, the Company maintains cash and due from bank balances with correspondent banks. Balances in these accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s insured limit of $250. Management believes these financial institutions have strong credit ratings and that the credit risk related to these deposits is minimal.

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Deposits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Deposits

Deposits

NOTE 7 - Deposits

The composition of deposits are as follows:

	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Non-interest bearing checking	$	20,733	$	22,763
Interest bearing checking		6,941		5,424
Money market		46,673		41,910
Statement savings accounts		12,359		13,773
Health savings accounts		10,670		11,197
Deposits held in escrow for stock subscriptions		52,648		—
Certificates of deposit		67,228		88,138
Total	$	217,252	$	183,205

Certificates of deposit that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250 totaled $21,569 and $30,590 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit are as follows as of December 31, 2019:

2020	$	44,462
2021		17,354
2022		2,374
2023		2,046
2024		992
Total	$	67,228

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FHLB Advances (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

FHLB Advances

Schedule of Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances

FHLB advances consist of the following as of December 31:

	2019			2018
	Rates	Amount		Rates	Amount
Fixed rate, fixed term advances	1.62% - 2.70%	$	7,500	1.42% - 2.70%	$	11,750
Fixed term advances with floating spread	1.69% - 2.09%		4,000	1.54% - 2.05%		6,000
		$	11,500		$	17,750

Maturities of Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

The following is a summary of scheduled maturities of fixed term FHLB advances as of December 31, 2019:

	Fixed Rate Advances				Adjustable Rate Advances
	Weighted				Weighted				Total
	Average Rate		Amount		Average Rate		Amount		Amount
2020	2.34	%	$	6,000	1.69	%	$	2,000	$	8,000
2021	—	%		—	2.09	%		2,000		2,000
2022	1.71	%		1,500	—	%		—		1,500
Total	2.21	%	$	7,500	1.89	%	$	4,000	$	11,500

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Available for Sale Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Available for Sale Securities

Schedule of Amortized Costs and Fair Values of Available for Sale Securities

Amortized costs and fair values of available for sale securities are summarized as follows:

			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
December 31, 2019
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	944	$	14	$	—	$	958
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		8,590		36		(21)		8,605
Mortgage-backed securities		35,095		486		(99)		35,482
Certificates of deposit		1,000		17		—		1,017
Corporate debt securities		2,080		37		—		2,117
Total available for sale securities	$	47,709	$	590	$	(120)	$	48,179
December 31, 2018
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	1,299	$	8	$	—	$	1,307
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		8,381		17		(103)		8,295
Mortgage-backed securities		29,164		24		(652)		28,536
Certificates of deposit		1,500		1		(55)		1,446
Corporate debt securities		4,220		2		(55)		4,167
Total available for sale securities	$	44,564	$	52	$	(865)	$	43,751

Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value

The following table presents the portion of the Company’s portfolio which has gross unrealized losses, reflecting the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		FairValue		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
December 31, 2019
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	2,569	$	(17)	$	1,059	$	(4)	$	3,628	$	(21)
Mortgage-backed securities		7,604		(57)		4,372		(42)		11,976		(99)
Total	$	10,173	$	(74)	$	5,431	$	(46)	$	15,604	$	(120)
December 31, 2018
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	175	$	—	$	113	$	—	$	288	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		—		6,142		(103)		6,142		(103)
Mortgage-backed securities		1,171		(24)		24,725		(628)		25,896		(652)
Certificates of deposit		—		—		1,195		(55)		1,195		(55)
Corporate debt securities		384		(2)		3,128		(53)		3,512		(55)
Total	$	1,730	$	(26)	$	35,303	$	(839)	$	37,033	$	(865)

Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date

The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities in mortgage-backed securities since the anticipated maturities are not readily determinable. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary listed below:

	December 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	1,297	$	1,306
Due after one year through 5 years		2,843		2,890
Due after 5 years through 10 years		4,395		4,418
Due after 10 years		4,079		4,083
Subtotal	$	12,614	$	12,697
Mortgage-backed securities		35,095		35,482
Total	$	47,709	$	48,179

Summary of the Proceeds from Sales of Securities

The following is a summary of the proceeds from sales of securities available for sale, as well as gross gains and losses:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Proceeds from sale of securities	$	4,836	$	12,874
Gross gains		21		35
Gross losses		(25)		(239)

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Loans (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Deposit Liabilities Reclassified as Loans Receivable	$ 6	$ 7
Loans and Leases Receivable, Commitments to Purchase or Sell	0	0
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing	0	0
Financing Receivable Modifications Specific Reserves	$ 158	$ 158
Financing Receivable, Modifications, Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts | item	0	0
Loans and Leases Receivable, Allowance, Ending Balance	$ 2,264	$ 2,118	$ 1,800
Certain Loans Acquired in Transfer Not Accounted for as Debt Securities, Carrying Amount, Net	11,083	25,794
Certain Loans Acquired in Transfer Not Accounted for as Debt Securities, Allowance for Loan Losses	77	190
Credit Impaired [Member]
Certain Loans Acquired in Transfer Not Accounted for as Debt Securities, Outstanding Balance, Total	0	0
Non-Credit Impaired [Member]
Certain Loans Acquired in Transfer Not Accounted for as Debt Securities, Outstanding Balance, Total	11,160	25,984
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Allowance, Ending Balance	1,013	1,178	$ 1,140
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member]
Certain Loans Acquired in Transfer Not Accounted for as Debt Securities, Carrying Amount, Net	6,535	9,164
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member] | Non-Credit Impaired [Member]
Certain Loans Acquired in Transfer Not Accounted for as Debt Securities, Outstanding Balance, Total	$ 6,580	$ 9,269

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Loans (Credit Quality Indicators) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Total loans for credit quality indicators	$ 158,132	$ 157,147
Pass [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	154,130	155,373
Special Mention [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	3,364	1,353
Substandard [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	638	421
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Development [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	18,222	7,801
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Development [Member] | Pass [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	18,222	7,801
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Real Estate Loan [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	68,621	69,425
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Real Estate Loan [Member] | Pass [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	68,036	69,425
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Real Estate Loan [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	585
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Commercial and Industrial [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	13,681	13,142
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Commercial and Industrial [Member] | Pass [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	10,888	13,122
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Commercial and Industrial [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	2,779
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Commercial and Industrial [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	14	20
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	33,610	43,751
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Performing Financial Instruments [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	32,777	42,544
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Nonperforming Financial Instruments [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	833	1,207
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	29,380	41,018
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member] | Performing Financial Instruments [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	28,636	39,919
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member] | Nonperforming Financial Instruments [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	744	1,099
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Consumer [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	4,230	2,733
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Consumer [Member] | Performing Financial Instruments [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	4,141	2,625
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Consumer [Member] | Nonperforming Financial Instruments [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	89	108
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	28,077	32,312
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member] | Pass [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	27,453	30,558
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators		1,353
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	624	401
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Multifamily Loan [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	29,531	34,467
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Multifamily Loan [Member] | Pass [Member]
Total loans for credit quality indicators	$ 29,531	$ 34,467

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Income Taxes (Provision for Income Taxes) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes
Federal	$ 389	$ 114
State	155	83
Total Current Taxes	544	197
Federal	(38)	107
State	(4)	14
Total Deferred Income Taxes	(42)	121
Total Provision for Income Taxes	$ 502	$ 318

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Fair Value (Fair Value of Assets on Nonrecurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Foreclosed asset, fair value	$ 84	$ 69
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring [Member]
Loans, fair value	897
Foreclosed asset, fair value	84	69
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Foreclosed asset, fair value
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Foreclosed asset, fair value
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Loans, fair value	897
Foreclosed asset, fair value	$ 84	$ 69

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Related-party Transactions (Summary of Loans to Related Parties) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Related-party Transactions
Beginning balance	$ 6,825	$ 6,697
New loans	1,641	2,121
Less: Participations sold	(4,779)	(310)
Repayments	(72)	(1,683)
Ending balance	$ 3,615	$ 6,825

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Subsequent Events (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 16, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
FFBW, MHC [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Percentage of shares held by Mutual Holding Company		$ 55.4
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares	4,268,570
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	$ 41,500,000
Sale of stock, price per share	$ 10.00
Subsequent Event [Member] | FFBW, MHC [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares	3,436,430

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FHLB Advances (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
FHLB Advances
FHLB advances, general debt obligations, Disclosures, Collateral Pledged	$ 147,039	$ 158,923
Amount secured by FHLB stock	574	$ 739
FHLB advances, general debt obligations, amount of available unused funds	3,194
Federal funds line of credit not withdrawn	$ 7,000

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Equity and Regulatory Matters (Capital Amounts and Ratios) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Equity and Regulatory Matters
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	$ 50,446	$ 48,502
Tier 1 capital (to average assets), ratio	19.40%	18.40%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets), for capital adequacy	$ 10,400	$ 10,542
Tier 1 capital (to average assets), for capital adequacy, ratio	4.00%	4.00%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets), to be capitalized	$ 13,000	$ 13,178
Tier 1 capital (to average assets), to be capitalized, ratio	5.00%	5.00%
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$ 50,446	$ 48,502
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), ratio	23.70%	23.70%
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), for capital adequacy	$ 9,591	$ 9,209
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), for capital adequacy, ratio	4.50%	4.50%
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), to be capitalized	$ 13,854	$ 13,302
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), to be capitalized, ratio	6.50%	6.50%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$ 50,446	$ 48,502
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), ratio	23.70%	23.70%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), for capital adequacy	$ 12,788	$ 12,279
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), for capital adequacy, ratio	6.00%	6.00%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), to be capitalized	$ 17,051	$ 16,372
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), to be capitalized, ratio	8.00%	8.00%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$ 52,710	$ 50,620
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets), ratio	24.70%	24.70%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets), for capital adequacy	$ 17,051	$ 16,372
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets), for capital adequacy, ratio	8.00%	8.00%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets), to be capitalized	$ 21,313	$ 20,465
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets), to be capitalized, ratio	10.00%	10.00%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Contract Amounts of Credit-related Financial Instruments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Unused Lines of Credit, Fixed [Member]
Contract amounts of credit-related financial instruments	$ 14,902	$ 7,467
Unused Lines of Credit, Variable [Member]
Contract amounts of credit-related financial instruments	3,770	11,307
Undisbursed Portion of Loan Proceeds, Fixed [Member]
Contract amounts of credit-related financial instruments	2,194	5,890
Standby Letters of Credit, Variable [Member]
Contract amounts of credit-related financial instruments	$ 993	$ 1,277

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Premises and Equipment (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 item
Premises and Equipment
Depreciation	$ 346	$ 342
Number of buildings sold and leased back | item			2
Sale lease back transaction, lease term of contract			10 years
Sale lease back transaction, lease renewal term			5 years
Sale leaseback transaction, rent expense	$ 167	$ 165

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Employee Stock Ownership Plan (Summary of ESOP Shares) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Shares allocated to active participants (in shares)	15,907	2,947
Shares committed to be released and allocated to participants (in shares)	12,960	12,960
Total unallocated shares (in shares)	230,343	243,303
Total ESOP shares (in shares)	259,210	259,210
Fair value of unallocated shares (based on $11.55 and $10.03 share price at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)	$ 2,660	$ 2,440
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 11.55	$ 10.03

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Share-based Compensation Plans (Schedule of Nonvested Options Activity) (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Number of Options
Nonvested options outstanding	192,089
Granted	30,000	192,089
Vested	(38,414)
Forfeited
Nonvested options outstanding	183,675	192,089
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested options outstanding	$ 3.40
Granted	2.90	3.40
Vested	3.40
Forfeited
Nonvested options outstanding	$ 3.32	$ 3.40

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Deposits (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deposits
Time deposits, at or above FDIC insurance limit	$ 21,569	$ 30,590

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Available for Sale Securities (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) security	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) security
Available for Sale Securities
Available-for-sale, Securities in Unrealized Loss Positions, Qualitative Disclosure, Number of Positions, Greater than or Equal to One Year | security	14	79
Available-for-sale, Securities in Unrealized Loss Positions, Qualitative Disclosure, Number of Positions, Less than One Year | security	18	6
Other than Temporary Impairment Losses, Investments, Available-for-sale Securities, Total | $	$ 0	$ 0
Security Owned and Pledged as Collateral, Fair Value, Total | $	$ 999	$ 960

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Allowance for loan and lease losses	$ 2,264	$ 2,118
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	19,000,000	19,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	6,706,742	6,696,742
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	6,566,478	6,696,742
Unallocated common stock of Employee Stock Ownership Plan, shares (in shares)	(230,343)	243,303
Treasury stock, at cost (in shares)	140,264	0

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Share-based Compensation Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Compensation Plans

Impact of the Company’s Share-Based Payment Plans in the Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the impact of the Company’s share-based payment plans in the financial statements for the period shown:

	Year Ended		Year Ended
	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Total cost of stock grant plan during the year	$	196	$	11
Total cost of stock option plan during the year		142		7
Total cost of share-based payment plans during the year	$	338	$	18
Amount of related income tax benefit recognized in income	$	91	$	5

Summary Stock Options Activity

The following table summarizes stock options activity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

				Weighted
				Average
		Weighted		Remaining	Aggregate
		Average		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Number of	Exercise		Term (in	Value (in
	Options	Price		years)	thousands)
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	10.81
Granted	30,000		10.64
Exercised	—		—
Expired or canceled	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2019	222,089	$	10.79	9.01	$	169,446
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2019	38,414	$	10.81	8.95	$	28,426

				Weighted
				Average
		Weighted		Remaining	Aggregate
		Average		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Number of	Exercise		Term (in	Value (in
	Options	Price		years)	thousands)
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	192,089		10.81
Exercised	—		—
Expired or canceled	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	10.81	9.95	$	—
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	—

Schedule of Nonvested Options Activity

		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Options	Value
Nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	3.40
Granted	30,000		2.90
Vested	(38,414)		3.40
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2019	183,675	$	3.32
		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Options	Value
Nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	192,089		3.40
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	3.40

Valuation Assumptions were Used for Options Granted

The following assumptions were used for options granted during the year ended December 31, 2019:

	For the Year Ended
	December 31,
	2019
Risk-free interest rate		2.30	%
Expected volatility		18.38	%
Expected dividend yield		0	%
Expected life of options (years)		7.5
Weighted average fair value per option of options granted during the year	$	2.90

Summary of Changes in Restricted Shares

The following is a summary of changes in restricted shares for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Shares	Value
Nonvested shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018	84,242	$	10.82
Granted	10,000		10.64
Vested	(16,842)		10.82
Forfeited	—		—
Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019	77,400	$	10.79
		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Shares	Value
Nonvested shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	84,242		10.82
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018	84,242	$	10.82

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Parenthetical) - shares	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
ESOP shares committed to be released (in shares)	12,960	12,960

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Fair Value (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value

Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Recurring Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices
	in Active		Significant
	Markets for		Other		Significant
	Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Instruments		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
As of December 31, 2019
Assets:
Available for sale securities:
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	—	$	958	$	—	$	958
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		8,605		—		8,605
Mortgage-backed securities		—		35,482		—		35,482
Certificates of deposit		—		1,017		—		1,017
Corporate debt securities		—		2,117		—		2,117
Total	$	—	$	48,179	$	—	$	48,179
As of December 31, 2018
Assets:
Available for sale securities:
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	—	$	1,307	$	—	$	1,307
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		8,295		—		8,295
Mortgage-backed securities		—		28,536		—		28,536
Certificates of deposit		—		1,446		—		1,446
Corporate debt securities		—		4,167		—		4,167
Total	$	—	$	43,751	$	—	$	43,751

Assets Measured at Fair Value on Nonrecurring Basis

Information regarding the fair value of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis follows:

			Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
	Assets		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Measured at		Instruments		Inputs		Inputs
	Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
As of December 31, 2019
Assets:
Loans	$	897	$	—	$	—	$	897
Foreclosed assets		84		—		—		84
As of December 31, 2018
Assets:
Foreclosed assets	$	69	$	—	$	—	$	69

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques

The following presents quantitative information about nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements:

					Range/Weighted
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input(s)	Average
As of December 31, 2019
Loans	$	897	Market and/or income approach	Management discount on appraised values	10	%	-	20	%
Foreclosed assets	$	84	Market and/or income approach	Management discount on appraised values	10	%	-	20	%
As of December 31, 2018
Foreclosed assets	$	69	Market and/or income approach	Management discount on appraised values	10	%	-	20	%

Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value and estimated fair value of financial instruments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 follow:

	December 31, 2019
	Carrying			Fair Value
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	39,377	$	39,377	$	—	$	—
Available for sale securities		48,179		—		48,179		—
Loans held for sale		200		—		200		—
Loans		189,291		—		—		190,561
Accrued interest receivable		725		725		—		—
Cash value of life insurance		7,068		—		—		7,068
Other equity investments		780		—		—		780
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		217,252		150,024		—		67,391
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance		46		46		—		—
FHLB advances		11,500		—		—		11,509
Accrued interest payable		51		51		—		—

	December 31, 2018
	Carrying			Fair Value
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,488	$	4,488	$	—	$	—
Available for sale securities		43,751		—		43,751		—
Loans held for sale		679		—		679		—
Loans		198,694		—		—		199,048
Accrued interest receivable		768		768		—		—
Cash value of life insurance		7,007		—		—		7,007
Other equity investments		739		—		—		739
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		183,205		95,067		—		87,531
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance		55		55		—		—
FHLB advances		17,750		—		—		17,505
Accrued interest payable		70		70		—		—

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Related-party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Related-party Transactions

Related-party Transactions

NOTE 13 – Related-Party Transactions

A summary of loans to directors, executive officers, and their affiliates follows:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Beginning balance	$	6,825	$	6,697
Adjustments for changes in directors and executive officers		—		—
New loans		1,641		2,121
Less: Participations sold		(4,779)		(310)
Repayments		(72)		(1,683)
Ending balance	$	3,615	$	6,825

Deposits from directors, executive officers, and their affiliates totaled $1,546 and $3,467 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company utilizes the services of a law firm in which one of the Company’s directors is a partner. Fees paid to the firm were $6 and $11 during the years ended 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company also has an operating lease with the law firm for office space through 2020. Rent paid in 2019 and 2018 pertaining to this lease was $28 and $28, respectively.

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Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

NOTE 17 – Intangible Assets

The core deposit premium intangible asset had a gross carrying amount of $161 and accumulated amortization of $90 at December 31, 2019. The core deposit premium intangible asset had a gross carrying amount of $161 and accumulated amortization of $74 at December 31, 2018. Aggregate amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $16 and $16.

The following table shows the estimated future amortization of the core deposit premium intangible asset for the next five years. The projections of amortization expense are based on existing asset balances:

	As of December
	31, 2019
2020	16
2021	16
2022	16
2023	16
2024	7

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Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

NOTE 21 – Subsequent Events

FFBW, Inc. (“New FFBW”), a Maryland corporation that was organized in September 2019, is a savings and loan holding headquartered in Waukesha, Wisconsin. New FFBW was formed to be the successor to the Company upon completion of the second step mutual-to-stock conversion (the “Conversion”) of the MHC. Prior to completion of the Conversion, approximately 55.4% of the shares of common stock of the Company were owned by the MHC. In conjunction with the Conversion, the MHC and the Company merged into New FFBW. The Conversion was completed on January 16, 2020. In the Conversion, New FFBW sold 4,268,570 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $41.5 million, and issued 3,436,430 shares of common stock in exchange for the shares of common stock of Old FFBW owned by stockholders of Old FFBW, other than FFBW, MHC, as of the effective date of the conversion.  As a result of the conversion, FFBW, MHC and Old FFBW have ceased to exist.

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) could adversely impact a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impair their ability to fulfill their obligations to the Company.  The World Health Organization has declared Covid-19 to be a global pandemic indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections.

The spread of the outbreak will likely cause disruptions in the U.S. economy and is highly likely to disrupt banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates and could potentially create widespread business continuity issues for the Company. 

The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions.  If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates or is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Other than as set forth above, no subsequent event disclosure or financial statement impacts to these financial statements are required as of March 25, 2020

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies

Schedule of Loss Contingencies by Contingency

The contract amounts of credit-related financial instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized below:

	Notional Amount
	2019	2018
Unused lines of credit
Fixed	14,902	7,467
Variable	3,770	11,307
Undisbursed portion of loan proceeds	2,194	5,890
Standby letters of credit, variable	993	1,277

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Premises and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Premises and Equipment

Summary of Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are summarized as follows:

	December 31,
	2019		2018
Land	$	479	$	479
Buildings		4,929		4,929
Leasehold improvements		162		153
Furniture and equipment		1,383		1,332
Totals		6,953		6,893
Less: Accumulated depreciation		2,146		1,836
Premises and equipment, net	$	4,807	$	5,057

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases

Rent commitments, before considering renewal options that are present, are as follows as of December 31, 2019:

2020	$	153
2021		144
2022		146
2023		148
2024		150
Thereafter		437
Total	$	1,178

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments Receivable

The Company also entered into a lease with a tenant for a portion of the Brookfield branch, commencing June 1, 2018 through May 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2019, minimum future rents receivable are as follows:

2020	$	99
2021		101
2022		103
2023		106
2024		44
Total	$	453

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Organization

From October 2017 until January 2020, as discussed below, we operated in a two-tier mutual holding company structure. FFBW, Inc. (the “Company”) was a federal corporation that was the publicly traded stock holding company of First Federal Bank of Wisconsin (the “Bank”). At December 31, 2019, the Company had 6,566,478 shares of common stock outstanding, of which 2,929,603 shares, or 44.6%, were owned by the public, including 25,000 shares owned by FFBW Community Foundation, and the remaining 3,636,875 shares were held by FFBW, MHC (the “MHC”), a federally chartered mutual holding company and former parent company of the Company.

At December 31, 2019, the significant assets of the Company consisted of the capital stock of the Bank. The liabilities of the Company were insignificant. The Company was subject to the financial reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company was subject to regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“the Federal Reserve Board”).

First Federal Bank of Wisconsin is a community bank headquartered in Waukesha, Wisconsin that provides financial services to individuals and businesses from our offices in Waukesha, Brookfield, and the Bay View neighborhood of Milwaukee.

FFBW, Inc. (“New FFBW”), a Maryland corporation that was organized in September 2019, is a savings and loan holding headquartered in Waukesha, Wisconsin. New FFBW was formed to be the successor to the Company upon completion of the second step mutual-to-stock conversion (the “Conversion”) of the MHC. Prior to completion of the Conversion, approximately 55.4% of the shares of common stock of the Company were owned by the MHC. In conjunction with the Conversion, the MHC and the Company merged into New FFBW. The Conversion was completed on January 16, 2020. In the Conversion, New FFBW sold 4,268,570 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $41.5 million, and issued 3,436,430 shares of common stock in exchange for the shares of common stock of Old FFBW owned by stockholders of Old FFBW, other than FFBW, MHC, as of the effective date of the conversion.  As a result of the conversion, FFBW, MHC and Old FFBW have ceased to exist.

The Conversion was conducted pursuant to the MHC’s Plan of Conversion. The Plan of Conversion provided for the establishment, upon the completion of the Conversion, of special “liquidation accounts” for the benefit of certain depositors of the Bank in an amount equal to the MHC’s ownership interest in the stockholders’ equity of the Company as of the date of the latest balance sheet contained in the prospectus plus the MHC’s net assets (excluding its ownership of the Company). Following the completion of the Conversion, the Company and the Bank will not be permitted to pay dividends on their capital stock if the shareholders' equity of New FFBW, or the shareholder's equity of the Bank, would be reduced below the amount of the liquidation accounts. The liquidation accounts will be reduced annually to the extent that eligible account holders have reduced their qualifying deposits. Subsequent increases will not restore an eligible account holder's interest in the liquidation accounts. Direct costs of the conversion and public offering will be deferred and reduce the proceeds from the shares sold in the public offering. Costs of $603 have been incurred related to the conversion as of December 31, 2019.

Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act

Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the JOBS Act), which was signed into law on April 5, 2012, has made numerous changes to the federal securities laws to facilitate access to capital markets. Under the JOBS Act, a company with total annual gross revenues of less than $1.07 billion during its most recently completed fiscal year qualifies as an “emerging growth company.” The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” and believes that it will continue to qualify as an “emerging growth company” until five years from the completion of the stock offering.

As an “emerging growth company,” the Company has elected to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. Accordingly, the financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the fair values of securities, fair value of financial instruments, the valuation of other real estate owned and the valuation of deferred income tax assets.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.

The majority of the Company's revenue-generating transactions are not subject to ASC 606, including revenue all interest and dividend income generated from financial instruments. Certain noninterest income items, including loan servicing income, gain on sales of loans, gain on sales of securities, and other noninterest income have been evaluated to not fall with the scope of ASC 606. Elements of noninterest income that is within the scope of ASC 606, are as follows:

Service charges and other fees - The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Management reviewed the deposit account agreements, and determined that the agreements can be terminated at any time by either the Company or the account holder. Transaction fees, such as balance transfers, wires and overdraft charges are settled the day the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company's monthly service charges and maintenance fees are for services provided to the customer on a monthly basis and are considered a series of services that have the same pattern of transfer each month. The review of service charges assessed on deposit accounts included the amount of variable consideration that is a part of the monthly charges. It was found that the waiver of service charges due to insufficient funds and dormant account fees is immaterial and would not require a change in the accounting treatment for these fees under the new revenue standards. Recognition of revenue under ASC 606 did not materially change the timing or magnitude of revenue recognition.

Interchange fees - Customers use a Bank-issued debit card to purchase goods and services, and the Company earns interchange fees on those transactions, typically a percentage of the sale amount of the transaction. The Company records the amount due when it receives the settlement from the payment network. Payments from the payment network are received and recorded into income on a daily basis. These fees are included in “service charges and other fees” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. There are no contingent debit card interchange fees recorded by the Company that could be subject to a clawback in future periods. Recognition of revenue under ASC 606 did not materially change the timing or magnitude of revenue recognition.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and balances due from banks, non-maturity deposits in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLB), and fed funds sold. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Available for Sale Securities

Available for Sale Securities

Securities classified as available for sale are those securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as available for sale would be based on various factors, including significant movements in interest rates, changes in the maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital requirements, and other similar factors. Securities classified as available for sale are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses are reported as increases or decreases in other comprehensive income, net of the related deferred tax effect. Realized gains or losses, determined on the basis of the cost of specific securities sold, are included in earnings. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific-identification method.

Declines in fair value of securities that are deemed to be other than temporary, if applicable, are reflected in earnings as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient enough to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Loans Acquired in a Transfer

Loans Acquired in a Transfer

The Company acquires loans (including debt securities) individually and in groups or portfolios. These loans are initially measured at fair value with no allowance for loan losses. The Company’s allowance for loan losses on all acquired loans reflect only those losses incurred subsequent to acquisition.

Certain acquired loans may have experienced deterioration of credit quality between origination and the Company’s acquisition of the loans. At acquisition, the Company reviews each loan to determine whether there is evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and if it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loan’s contractual terms. If both conditions exist, the Company determines whether each such loan is to be accounted for individually or whether such loans will be assembled into pools of loans based on common risk characteristics (for example, credit score, loan type, and date of origination). The Company considers expected prepayments and estimates the amount and timing of undiscounted principal, interest, and other cash flows expected at acquisition for each loan and aggregated pool of loans. The excess of the loan’s or pool’s scheduled contractual principal and interest payments over all cash flows expected at acquisition is calculated as the nonaccretable difference. The excess of cash flows expected to be collected over the fair value of each loan or pool (accretable yield) is accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool.

At each reporting date, the Company continues to estimate cash flows expected to be collected for each loan or pool. If expected cash flows have decreased from the acquisition date estimate, the Company recognizes an allowance for loan losses. If expected cash flows have increased from the acquisition date estimate, the Company increases the amount of accretable yield to be recognized as interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans Held for Sale

Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. Mortgage loans held for sale are sold with the mortgage servicing rights released by the Company. Gains or losses on sales of mortgage loans are recognized based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related mortgage loan sold.

Loans

Loans

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for deferred loan fees and costs, charge-offs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is accrued and credited to income based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan-origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method.

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in the opinion of management, there is an indication that the borrower may be unable to make payments as they become due. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged off, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is subsequently accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method until qualifying for return to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at the level considered adequate by management to provide for losses that are probable as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense as losses are estimated to have occurred. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. In determining the adequacy of the allowance balance, the Company makes evaluations of the loan portfolio and related off-balance sheet commitments, considers current economic conditions and historical loss experience, and reviews specific problem loans and other factors.

When establishing the allowance for loan losses, management categorizes loans into risk categories generally based on the nature of the collateral and the basis of repayment. These risk categories and their relevant risk characteristics are as follows:

Commercial development: These loans are secured by vacant land and/or property that are in the process of improvement. Repayment of these loans can be dependent on the sale of the property to third parties or the successful completion of the improvements by the builder for the end user. Construction loans include not only construction of new structures, but loans originated to finance additions to or alterations of existing structures. Until a permanent loan originates, or payoff occurs, all commercial construction loans secured by real estate are reported in this loan pool. Development loans also have the risk that improvements will not be completed on time, or in accordance with specifications and projected costs.

Commercial real estate: These loans are primarily secured by office and industrial buildings, warehouses, small retail shopping facilities, and various special purpose properties, including restaurants. These loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans. Loans to closely held businesses are generally guaranteed in full by the owners of the business. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property. The cash flows of the borrowers, however, may not behave as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to the general economic factors or conditions specific to the real estate market, such as geographic location and/or purpose type.

Commercial and industrial: Commercial and industrial loans are extended primarily to small and middle market customers. Such credits typically comprise working capital loans, asset acquisition loans, and loans for other business purposes. Loans to closely held businesses are generally guaranteed in full by the owners of the business. Commercial and industrial loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of the borrowers, however, may not behave as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to economic or individual performance factors. Minimum standards and underwriting guidelines have been established for commercial and industrial loans.

One-to-four family owner-occupied: These loans are generally to individuals and are underwritten by evaluating the credit history of the borrower, the ability of the borrower to meet the debt service requirements of the loan and total debt obligations, the underlying collateral, and the loan to collateral value. Also included in this category are junior liens on one-to-four family residential properties. Underwriting standards for one-to-four family owner-occupied loans are heavily influenced by statutory requirements, which include, but are not limited to, loan-to-value and affordability ratios, risk-based pricing strategies, and documentation requirements.

One-to-four family investor-owned: These loans may be to individuals or businesses and are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property(ies). The cash flows of the borrowers, however, may not behave as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to the general economic factors or conditions specific to the real estate market, such as geographic location and/or purpose type.

Multifamily real estate: These loans include loans to finance non-farm properties with five or more units in structures primarily to accommodate households. Such credits are typically originated to finance the acquisition or refinancing of an apartment building. These loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans. Loans to closely held businesses are generally guaranteed in full by the owners of the business. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the subject multifamily property, with assumptions made for vacancy rates. Cash flows of the borrowers rely on the receipt of rental income from the tenants of the property who are themselves subject to fluctuations in national and local economic conditions and unemployment trends.

Consumer: These loans may take the form of installment loans, demand loans, or single payment loans, and are extended to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures. These loans generally include direct consumer automobile loans and credit card loans. These loans are generally smaller in size and are underwritten by evaluating the credit history of the borrower, the ability of the borrower to meet the debt service requirements of the loan and total debt obligations.

Management regularly evaluates the allowance for loan losses using the Company’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio, composition of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective since it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change.

A loan is impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will not collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management determines whether a loan is impaired on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the payment status, collateral value, length and reason of any payment delays, the borrower’s prior payment record, and any other relevant factors. Large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans, such as residential mortgage and consumer loans, are collectively evaluated in the allowance for loan losses analysis and are not subject to impairment analysis unless such loans have been subject to a restructuring agreement. Specific allowances for impaired loans are based on discounted cash flows of expected future payments using the loan’s initial effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the allowance for loan losses. These agencies may require the Company to make additions to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments of collectability based on information available to them at the time of their examination.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Loans are accounted for as troubled debt restructurings when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties that lead to a restructuring of the loan, and the Company grants a “concession” to the borrower that they would not otherwise consider. These concessions include a modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate or loan balance, a reduction of accrued interest, an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than a current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or some combination thereof to facilitate repayment. Troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans.

Foreclosed Assets

Foreclosed Assets

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value, less costs to sell, at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management, and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net expenses from foreclosed assets.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment

Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Provisions for depreciation are computed on straight-line and accelerated methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Other Equity Investments

Other Equity Investments

Other Equity Investments consist of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock and Bankers’ Bank stock. The Company's investment in the FHLB stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company is required to hold the stock as a member of the FHLB, and transfer of the stock is substantially restricted. The stock is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis.  The Company is required to adjust its reported value of Bankers’ Bank stock, which is considered an equity security without a readily determinable market value, if a comparable transaction is observed.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Amounts provided for income tax expense are based on income reported for financial statement purposes and do not necessarily represent amounts currently payable under tax laws. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for differences between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.

As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. The differences relate principally to the allowances for loan losses, deferred compensation, depreciation, FHLB stock dividends and non-accrual interest. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The tax effects from an uncertain tax position can be recognized in the financial statements only if the position is more likely than not to be sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Based on its evaluation, the Company has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax issues as components of income tax expense. During the periods shown, the Company did not recognize any interest or penalties related to income tax expense in its statements of operations.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Advertising

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss) is shown on the statements of comprehensive income. The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is composed of the unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale, net of tax and is shown on the statements of changes in equity. Reclassification adjustments out of other comprehensive income (loss) for losses realized on sales of securities available for sale comprise the entire balance of “net loss on sale of securities” on the statements of operations. As part of this reclassification, income tax credit of approximately $1 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2019 and income tax expense of approximately $56 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018 in “provision for income taxes” on the statements of operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into off-balance-sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit, unfunded commitments under lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they become payable.

Life Insurance

Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key executives. Life insurance is measured at the amount that could be realized under the insurance contract as of the balance sheet date, which is generally the cash surrender value of the policy.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Subsequent events have been evaluated through March 25, 2020, which is the date the financial statements are available to be issued.

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) could adversely impact a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impair their ability to fulfill their obligations to the Company.  The World Health Organization has declared Covid-19 to be a global pandemic indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections.

The spread of the outbreak will likely cause disruptions in the U.S. economy and is highly likely to disrupt banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates and could potentially create widespread business continuity issues for the Company. 

The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions.  If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates or is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2018 consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2019 classifications.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). For as long as the Company is an emerging growth company, it may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies. An emerging growth company may elect to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies, but must make such election when the Company is first required to file a registration statement. The Company has elected to use the extended transition period described above and intends to maintain its emerging growth company status as allowed under the JOBS Act.

The Company recently adopted the following Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).

ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers."

The objective of this new standard is to provide a common revenue standard for all entities that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods, services, or nonfinancial assets. The Company adopted this new accounting standard for the effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. The Company did not identify any changes in the timing of revenue recognition when considering the amended accounting guidance, however, the Company has included additional disclosures as required by the guidance.

ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”

ASU No. 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10)”

ASU No. 2016-01 is a wide-ranging standard with several elements that will impact most financial institutions. The standard introduces new guidance that applies to most equity investments. Under the standard, equity securities can no longer be classified as available-for-sale securities. Instead, market value fluctuations on equity securities will have to be recognized directly through net income. An entity may elect to value equity investments without a readily determinable fair value at its cost minus impairment (if any) plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer, with any changes recognized through net income. The standard also eliminates certain disclosure requirements related to financial instruments. Non-public business entities will no longer have to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost in the financial statements. Public business entities (“PBEs”) will still need to make this disclosure but will no longer be required to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost. ASU 2016-01 is effective for non-PBEs for years beginning after December 15, 2018, and was effective for PBEs with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. ASU 2016-01 will require the Company to adjust its reported value of Bankers’ Bank stock, which is considered an equity security without a readily determinable market value, if a comparable transaction is observed.

The following ASUs have been issued by the FASB and may impact the Company's financial statements in future reporting periods:

ASU No. 2016-13, “Credit Losses (Topic 326).”

ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326.”

ASU No. 2019-05, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.”

ASU 2016-13 requires organizations to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption will be permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on its financial statements.

ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to the Leases Analysis.”

ASU No. 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to Topic 842."

ASU No. 2018-11, "Targeted Improvements"

For lessees, Topic 842 requires leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, along with disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU 2018-01, 2018-10 and 2018-11. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification expense recognition in the income statement.

For lessors, Topic 842 requires lessors to classify leases as sales-type, direct financing or operating leases. A lease is a sales-type lease if any one of five criteria are met, each of which indicate that the lease, in effect, transfers control of the underlying asset to the lessee. If none of those five criteria are met, but two additional criteria are both met, indicating the lessor has transferred substantially all the risks and benefits of the underlying asset to the lessee and a third party, the lease is a direct financing lease. All leases that are not sales-type or direct financing leases are operating leases.

The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) the new standard's effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. The Company expects to adopt the new standard on January 1, 2021 using the effective date as its date of initial application. The Company is evaluating what impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”

This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, including the removal, modification to, and addition of certain disclosure requirements. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The majority of the disclosure changes are to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently in the process of reviewing this ASU to determine whether the modifications within will be adopted prior to the effective date. Although this ASU has a significant impact to the Company’s fair value disclosures, no additional impact to the financial statements is expected.

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Loans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Loans

Loans

NOTE 5 - Loans

Major classifications of loans are as follows:

	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Commercial
Development	$	18,222	$	7,801
Real estate		68,621		69,425
Commercial and industrial		13,681		13,142
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		29,380		41,018
One-to-four family investor-owned		28,077		32,312
Multifamily		29,531		34,467
Consumer		4,230		2,733
Subtotal	$	191,742	$	200,898
Deferred loan fees		(187)		(86)
Allowance for loan losses		(2,264)		(2,118)
Net loans	$	189,291	$	198,694

Deposit accounts in an overdraft position and reclassified as loans approximated $6 and $7 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

A summary of the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment is as follows:

			Residential real
			estate
Year Ended	Commercial		and consumer		Total
December 31, 2019
Beginning balance	$	940	$	1,178	$	2,118
Provision for loan losses		311		(110)		201
Loans charged off		—		(58)		(58)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		—		3		3
Total ending allowance balance	$	1,251	$	1,013	$	2,264
December 31, 2018
Beginning balance	$	660	$	1,140	$	1,800
Provision for loan losses		304		209		513
Loans charged off		(24)		(172)		(196)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		—		1		1
Total ending allowance balance	$	940	$	1,178	$	2,118

Information about how loans were evaluated for impairment and the related allowance for loan losses follows:

			Residential real
			estate and
December 31, 2019	Commercial		consumer		Total
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	798	$	1,457	$	2,255
Collectively evaluated for impairment		99,726		89,761		189,487
Total loans	$	100,524	$	91,218	$	191,742
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	158	$	77	$	235
Collectively evaluated for impairment		1,093		936		2,029
Total allowance for loan losses	$	1,251	$	1,013	$	2,264

			Residential real
			estate and
December 31, 2018	Commercial		consumer		Total
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	87	$	1,469	$	1,556
Collectively evaluated for impairment		90,281		109,061		199,342
Total loans	$	90,368	$	110,530	$	200,898
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively evaluated for impairment		940		1,178		2,118
Total allowance for loan losses	$	940	$	1,178	$	2,118

Information regarding impaired loans follows:

	Principal		Recorded		Related		Average		Interest
As of  December 31, 2019	Balance		Investment		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
Loans with related allowance for loan losses:
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	729	$	729	$	158	$	740	$	19
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family investor-owned		415		403		77		412		—
Total loans with related allowance for loan losses		1,144		1,132		235		1,152		19
Loans with no related allowance for loan losses:
Commercial
Commercial and industrial		73		69		—		77		5
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		795		744		—		754		5
One-to-four family investor-owned		243		221		—		231		—
Consumer		114		89		—		98		—
Total loans with no related allowance for loan losses		1,225		1,123		—		1,160		10
Total impaired loans	$	2,369	$	2,255	$	235	$	2,312	$	29

	Principal		Recorded		Related		Average		Interest
As of December 31, 2018	Balance		Investment		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
Loans with no related allowance for loan losses:
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	89	$	87	$	—	$	93	$	5
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		1,142		1,120		—		1,137		26
One-to-four family investor-owned		248		241		—		246		—
Consumer		114		108		—		114		—
Total impaired loans	$	1,593	$	1,556	$	—	$	1,590	$	31

There were no additional funds committed to impaired loans as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

The Company regularly evaluates various attributes of loans to determine the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses. The credit quality indicators monitored differ depending on the class of loan.

Commercial loans and one-to-four family investor-owned and multifamily loans are generally evaluated using the following internally prepared ratings:

“Pass” ratings are assigned to loans with adequate collateral and debt service ability such that collectability of the contractual loan payments is highly probable.

“Special mention” ratings are assigned to loans where management has some concern that the collateral or debt service ability may not be adequate, though the collectability of the contractual loan payments is still probable.

“Substandard” ratings are assigned to loans that do not have adequate collateral and/or debt service ability such that collectability of the contractual loan payments is no longer probable.

“Doubtful” ratings are assigned to loans that do not have adequate collateral and/or debt service ability, and collectability of the contractual loan payments is unlikely.

Information regarding the credit quality indicators most closely monitored for commercial loans by class follows:

			Special
	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Totals
December 31, 2019
Development	$	18,222	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	18,222
Real estate		68,036		585		—		—		68,621
Commercial and industrial		10,888		2,779		14		—		13,681
One-to-four family investor-owned		27,453		—		624		—		28,077
Multifamily		29,531		—		—		—		29,531
Totals	$	154,130	$	3,364	$	638	$	—	$	158,132
December 31, 2018
Development	$	7,801	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,801
Real estate		69,425		—		—		—		69,425
Commercial and industrial		13,122		—		20		—		13,142
One-to-four family investor-owned		30,558		1,353		401		—		32,312
Multifamily		34,467		—		—		—		34,467
Totals	$	155,373	$	1,353	$	421	$	—	$	157,147

Residential real estate and consumer loans are generally evaluated based on whether or not the loan is performing according to the contractual terms of the loan.

Information regarding the credit quality indicators most closely monitored for residential real estate and consumer loans by class follows:

	Performing		Non-performing		Totals
December 31, 2019
One-to-four family owner-occupied	$	28,636	$	744	$	29,380
Consumer		4,141		89		4,230
	$	32,777	$	833	$	33,610
December 31, 2018
One-to-four family owner-occupied	$	39,919	$	1,099	$	41,018
Consumer		2,625		108		2,733
	$	42,544	$	1,207	$	43,751

Loan aging information follows:

			Loans Past Due		Loans Past Due				Nonaccrual
	Current Loans		30-89 Days		90+ Days		Total Loans		Loans
December 31, 2019
Commercial
Development	$	18,222	$	—	$	—	$	18,222	$	—
Real estate		68,621		—		—		68,621		—
Commercial and industrial		13,681		—		—		13,681		14
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		29,034		—		346		29,380		346
One-to-four family investor-owned		28,077		—		—		28,077		624
Multifamily		29,531		—		—		29,531		—
Consumer		4,230		—		—		4,230		86
Total	$	191,396	$	—	$	346	$	191,742	$	1,070

			Loans Past Due		Loans Past Due				Nonaccrual
	Current Loans		30-89 Days		90+ Days		Total Loans		Loans
December 31, 2018
Commercial
Development	$	7,801	$	—	$	—	$	7,801	$	—
Real estate		69,425		—		—		69,425		—
Commercial and industrial		13,076		66		—		13,142		20
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		41,013		5		—		41,018		365
One-to-four family investor-owned		32,069		243		—		32,312		241
Multifamily		34,467		—		—		34,467		—
Consumer		2,733		—		—		2,733		94
Total	$	200,584	$	314	$	—	$	200,898	$	720

There are no loans 90 or more days past due and accruing interest as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Management regularly monitors impaired loan relationships. In the event facts and circumstances change, an additional provision for loan losses may be necessary.

Nonaccrual loans are as follows:

As ofDecember 31	2019		2018
Nonaccrual loans, other than troubled debt restructurings	$	416	$	20
Nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructurings		654		700
Total nonaccrual loans		1,070		720
Restructured loans, accruing	$	1,185	$	501

When, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider, the modified loan is classified as a troubled debt-restructuring. Loan modifications may consist of forgiveness of interest and/or principal, a reduction of the interest rate, allowing interest-only payments for a period of time, and/or extending amortization terms.

The following presents information regarding new modifications of loans classified as troubled debt restructurings during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. All troubled debt restructurings are classified as impaired loans. The recorded investment presented in the following tables does not include specific reserves for loan losses recognized for these loans, which totaled $158 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

				Post-
	Number of	Pre-Modification		Modification
	Modifications	Investment		Investment
December 31, 2019
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	2	$	729	$	729
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	3		285		285
Total loan modifications	5	$	1,014	$	1,014
December 31, 2018
Residential real estate and consumer:
One-to-four family owner-occupied	2	$	302	$	302
One-to-four family investor-owned	1		250		250
Consumer	1		20		20
Total loan modifications	4	$	572	$	572

No troubled debt restructurings defaulted within 12 months of their modification date during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company considers a troubled debt restructuring in default if it becomes past due more than 90 days.  

The Company continues to evaluate purchased loans for impairment. The purchased loans were considered impaired at the acquisition date if there was evidence of deterioration since origination and if it was probable that not all contractually required principal and interest payments would be collected under the loans. The following table reflects the carrying value of all purchased loans:

	Contractually Required
	Payments Receivable				Carrying Value
			Non-Credit		of
As of December 31, 2019	Credit Impaired		Impaired		Purchased Loans
Commercial
Real estate	$	—	$	—	$	—
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		—		4,580		4,548
One-to-four family investor-owned		—		6,580		6,535
Multifamily		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—
Totals	$	—	$	11,160	$	11,083

	Contractually Required
	Payments Receivable				Carrying Value
			Non-Credit		of
As of December 31, 2018	Credit Impaired		Impaired		Purchased Loans
Commercial
Real estate	$	—	$	7,687	$	7,673
Residential real estate and consumer
One-to-four family owner-occupied		—		5,075		5,014
One-to-four family investor-owned		—		9,269		9,164
Multifamily		—		3,953		3,943
Consumer		—		—		—
Totals	$	—	$	25,984	$	25,794

As of December 31, 2019, the estimated contractually-required payments receivable on purchased credit impaired and purchased non-credit impaired loans was $0 and $11,160, respectively. The cash flows expected to be collected related to principal as of December 31, 2019 on all purchased loans is $11,083. As a result, there was approximately $77 of remaining discount on the purchased loans. These amounts are based upon the estimate of the underlying collateral or discounted cash flows as of December 31, 2019. Any excess of cash flows expected over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan as the purchased loans pay down, mature, renew or pay off.

As of December 31, 2018, the estimated contractually-required payments receivable on purchased credit impaired and purchased non-credit impaired loans was $0 and $25,984, respectively. The cash flows expected to be collected related to principal as of December 31, 2018 on all purchased loans is $25,794. As a result, there was approximately $190 of remaining discount on the purchased loans. These amounts are based upon the estimate of the underlying collateral or discounted cash flows as of December 31, 2018. Any excess of cash flows expected over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan as the purchased loans pay down, mature, renew or pay off.

The change in carrying amount of accretable yield for purchased loans was as follows:

	For years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Beginning Balance	$	190	$	334
Additions		—		—
Accretion		(113)		(144)
Ending Balance	$	77	$	190

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401(k) Plan

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

401(K) Plan

401(K) Plan

NOTE 9 – 401(k) Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) profit sharing plan that covers substantially all employees. To be eligible to participate, an employee must have completed 1,000 hours of service and be 21 years of age or older. The Company matches 100% of employee contributions up to 4% of their annual compensation. The Company may also make nonelective contributions to the plan at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Expense charged to operations for this plan was $170 and $154 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Income Taxes (Reconciliation of Statutory to Effective Rates) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes
Federal income taxes at statutory rate, amount	$ 432	$ 289
Federal income taxes at statutory rate, percentage	21.00%	21.00%
Tax exempt interest on municipal obligations, amount	$ (5)	$ (10)
Tax exempt interest on municipal obligations, percentage	(0.20%)	(0.70%)
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit, amount	$ 122	$ 75
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit, percentage	5.90%	5.50%
Increase in CSV of life insurance, amount	$ (46)	$ (41)
Increase in CSV of life insurance, percentage	(2.20%)	(3.00%)
Other, amount	$ (1)	$ 5
Other, percentage	(0.10%)	0.30%
Total Provision for Income Taxes	$ 502	$ 318
Provision for income taxes, percentage	24.40%	23.10%

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Fair Value (Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Estimated fair value	$ 48,179	$ 43,751
Reported Value Measurement [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	39,377	4,488
Estimated fair value	48,179	43,751
Loans held for sale	200	679
Loans	189,291	198,694
Accrued interest receivable	725	768
Cash value of life insurance	7,068	7,007
Other equity investments	780	739
Deposits	217,252	183,205
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	46	55
FHLB advances	11,500	17,750
Accrued interest payable	51	70
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	39,377	4,488
Accrued interest receivable	725	768
Deposits	150,024	95,067
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	46	55
Accrued interest payable	51	70
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Estimated fair value	48,179	43,751
Loans held for sale	200	679
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Loans	190,561	199,048
Cash value of life insurance	7,068	7,007
Other equity investments	780	739
Deposits	67,391	87,531
FHLB advances	$ 11,509	$ 17,505

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Fair Value (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Impaired financing receivable, with related allowance, recorded investment	$ 1,132
Impaired financing receivable, related allowance	235
Foreclosed asset, fair value	84	$ 69
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member]
Impaired financing receivable, with related allowance, recorded investment	403
Loans, fair value	897
Impaired financing receivable, related allowance	$ 77

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FHLB Advances (Summary of Scheduled Maturities of Fixed Term FHLB Advances) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fixed rate advances, amount, 2020	$ 6,000
Adjustable rate advances, amount, 2020	2,000
2020	8,000
Adjustable rate advances, amount, 2021	2,000
2021	2,000
Fixed rate advances, amount, 2022	1,500
2022	1,500
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances, Maturities Summary, Fixed Rate, Total	7,500	$ 11,750
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances, Maturities Summary, Floating Rate, Total	4,000	6,000
Total FHLB advances	$ 11,500	$ 17,750
Weighted Average [Member]
Fixed rate advances, weighted average rate, 2020	2.34%
Adjustable rate advances, weighted average rate, 2020	1.69%
Adjustable rate advances, weighted average rate, 2021	2.09%
Fixed rate advances, weighted average rate, 2022	1.71%
Fixed rate advances, weighted average rate	2.21%
Adjustable rate advances, weighted average rate, Total	1.89%

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Available for Sale Securities (Contractual Maturity) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Due in one year or less, amortized cost	$ 1,297
Due in one year or less, fair value	1,306
Due after one year through 5 years, amortized cost	2,843
Due after one year through 5 years, fair value	2,890
Due after 5 years through 10 years, amortized cost	4,395
Due after 5 years through 10 years, fair value	4,418
Due after 10 years, amortized cost	4,079
Due after 10 years, fair value	4,083
Subtotal, amortized cost	12,614
Subtotal, fair value	12,697
Amortized cost	47,709	$ 44,564
Estimated fair value	48,179	43,751
Collateralized Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	35,095	29,164
Estimated fair value	$ 35,482	$ 28,536

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Loans (Allowance for Loan Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Beginning balance	$ 2,118	$ 1,800
Provision for loan losses	201	513
Loans charged off	(58)	(196)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	3	1
Total ending allowance balance	2,264	2,118
Loans, individually evaluated for impairment			$ 2,255	$ 1,556
Loans, collectively evaluated for impairment			189,487	199,342
Total loans			191,742	200,898
Allowance for loan losses, individually evaluated for impairment			235
Allowance for loan losses, collectively evaluated for impairment			2,029	2,118
Total allowance for loan losses	2,264	2,118	2,264	2,118
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member]
Beginning balance	940	660
Provision for loan losses	311	304
Loans charged off		(24)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off
Total ending allowance balance	1,251	940
Loans, individually evaluated for impairment			798	87
Loans, collectively evaluated for impairment			99,726	90,281
Total loans			100,524	90,368
Allowance for loan losses, individually evaluated for impairment			158
Allowance for loan losses, collectively evaluated for impairment			1,093	940
Total allowance for loan losses	1,251	940	1,251	940
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member]
Beginning balance	1,178	1,140
Provision for loan losses	(110)	209
Loans charged off	(58)	(172)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	3	1
Total ending allowance balance	1,013	1,178
Loans, individually evaluated for impairment			1,457	1,469
Loans, collectively evaluated for impairment			89,761	109,061
Total loans			91,218	110,530
Allowance for loan losses, individually evaluated for impairment			77
Allowance for loan losses, collectively evaluated for impairment			936	1,178
Total allowance for loan losses	$ 1,013	$ 1,178	$ 1,013	$ 1,178

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Loans (Nonaccrual Loans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Total nonaccrual loans	$ 1,070	$ 720
Nonaccrual loans, Other Than Troubled Debt Restructurings [Member]
Total nonaccrual loans	416	20
Nonaccrual Loans, Troubled Debt Restructurings [Member]
Total nonaccrual loans	654	700
Accruing Loans, Troubled Debt Restructurings [Member]
Restructured loans, accruing	$ 1,185	$ 501

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Deposits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Deposits

Composition of deposits

The composition of deposits are as follows:

	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Non-interest bearing checking	$	20,733	$	22,763
Interest bearing checking		6,941		5,424
Money market		46,673		41,910
Statement savings accounts		12,359		13,773
Health savings accounts		10,670		11,197
Deposits held in escrow for stock subscriptions		52,648		—
Certificates of deposit		67,228		88,138
Total	$	217,252	$	183,205

Scheduled Maturities of Certificates of Deposit

The scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit are as follows as of December 31, 2019:

2020	$	44,462
2021		17,354
2022		2,374
2023		2,046
2024		992
Total	$	67,228

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table presents the earnings per share calculations for the years ended December 31:

	2019		2018
Net income	$	1,556	$	1,058
Basic potential common shares
Weighted average shares outstanding		6,620,922		6,617,507
Weighted average unallocated Employee Stock Ownership Plan Shares		(236,823)		(249,783)
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		6,384,099		6,367,724
Dilutive potential common shares		222,089		—
Dilutive weighted average shares outstanding		6,606,188		6,367,724
Basic earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.17
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.17

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Related-party Transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Related-party Transactions

Schedule of Related Party Transactions

A summary of loans to directors, executive officers, and their affiliates follows:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Beginning balance	$	6,825	$	6,697
Adjustments for changes in directors and executive officers		—		—
New loans		1,641		2,121
Less: Participations sold		(4,779)		(310)
Repayments		(72)		(1,683)
Ending balance	$	3,615	$	6,825

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Available for Sale Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Available for Sale Securities

Available for Sale Securities

NOTE 4 – Available for Sale Securities

Amortized costs and fair values of available for sale securities are summarized as follows:

			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
December 31, 2019
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	944	$	14	$	—	$	958
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		8,590		36		(21)		8,605
Mortgage-backed securities		35,095		486		(99)		35,482
Certificates of deposit		1,000		17		—		1,017
Corporate debt securities		2,080		37		—		2,117
Total available for sale securities	$	47,709	$	590	$	(120)	$	48,179
December 31, 2018
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	1,299	$	8	$	—	$	1,307
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		8,381		17		(103)		8,295
Mortgage-backed securities		29,164		24		(652)		28,536
Certificates of deposit		1,500		1		(55)		1,446
Corporate debt securities		4,220		2		(55)		4,167
Total available for sale securities	$	44,564	$	52	$	(865)	$	43,751

Fair values of securities are estimated based on financial models or prices paid for similar securities. It is possible interest rates could change considerably, resulting in a material change in estimated fair value.

The following table presents the portion of the Company’s portfolio which has gross unrealized losses, reflecting the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		FairValue		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
December 31, 2019
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	2,569	$	(17)	$	1,059	$	(4)	$	3,628	$	(21)
Mortgage-backed securities		7,604		(57)		4,372		(42)		11,976		(99)
Total	$	10,173	$	(74)	$	5,431	$	(46)	$	15,604	$	(120)
December 31, 2018
Obligations of the US government and US government sponsored agencies	$	175	$	—	$	113	$	—	$	288	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		—		6,142		(103)		6,142		(103)
Mortgage-backed securities		1,171		(24)		24,725		(628)		25,896		(652)
Certificates of deposit		—		—		1,195		(55)		1,195		(55)
Corporate debt securities		384		(2)		3,128		(53)		3,512		(55)
Total	$	1,730	$	(26)	$	35,303	$	(839)	$	37,033	$	(865)

At December 31, 2019, the investment portfolio included 14 securities available for sale, which had been in an unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months, and 18 securities available for sale, which had been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months. At December 31, 2018, the investment portfolio included 79 securities available for sale, which had been in an unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months, and 6 securities available for sale, which had been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months. Because these securities have a fixed interest rate, their fair value is sensitive to movements in market interest rates. These unrealized losses are considered temporary because the Company does not currently have the intent to sell the securities before recovery of the losses; therefore we expect to collect all contractually due amounts from these securities. Accordingly, these investments were reduced to their fair values through accumulated other comprehensive income, not through earnings.

We regularly assess our securities portfolio for OTTI. These assessments are based on the nature of the securities, the underlying collateral, the financial condition of the issuer, the extent and duration of the loss, our intent related to the individual securities, and the likelihood that we will have to sell securities prior to expected recovery. We did not have any impairment losses recognized in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities in mortgage-backed securities since the anticipated maturities are not readily determinable. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary listed below:

	December 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	1,297	$	1,306
Due after one year through 5 years		2,843		2,890
Due after 5 years through 10 years		4,395		4,418
Due after 10 years		4,079		4,083
Subtotal	$	12,614	$	12,697
Mortgage-backed securities		35,095		35,482
Total	$	47,709	$	48,179

The following is a summary of the proceeds from sales of securities available for sale, as well as gross gains and losses:

	Years ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Proceeds from sale of securities	$	4,836	$	12,874
Gross gains		21		35
Gross losses		(25)		(239)

Available for sale securities with a carrying value of $999 and $960 were pledged at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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FHLB Advances

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

FHLB Advances

FHLB Advances

NOTE 8 – FHLB Advances

FHLB advances consist of the following as of December 31:

	2019			2018
	Rates	Amount		Rates	Amount
Fixed rate, fixed term advances	1.62% - 2.70%	$	7,500	1.42% - 2.70%	$	11,750
Fixed term advances with floating spread	1.69% - 2.09%		4,000	1.54% - 2.05%		6,000
		$	11,500		$	17,750

The following is a summary of scheduled maturities of fixed term FHLB advances as of December 31, 2019:

	Fixed Rate Advances				Adjustable Rate Advances
	Weighted				Weighted				Total
	Average Rate		Amount		Average Rate		Amount		Amount
2020	2.34	%	$	6,000	1.69	%	$	2,000	$	8,000
2021	—	%		—	2.09	%		2,000		2,000
2022	1.71	%		1,500	—	%		—		1,500
Total	2.21	%	$	7,500	1.89	%	$	4,000	$	11,500

Actual maturities may differ from the scheduled principal maturities due to call options on the various advances.

The Company has a master contract agreement with the FHLB that provides for a borrowing up to the lesser of a determined multiple of FHLB stock owned or a determined percentage of the book value of the Company’s qualifying one-to-four family, multifamily, and commercial real estate loans. The Company pledged approximately $147,039 and $158,923 of one-to-four family, multifamily, and commercial real estate loans to secure FHLB advances at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. FHLB provides both fixed and floating rate advances. Floating rates are tied to short-term market rates of interest, such as LIBOR, Federal funds or Treasury Bill rates. Fixed rate advances are priced in reference to market rates of interest at the time of the advance, namely the rates that FHLB pays to borrowers at various maturities. FHLB advances are subject to a prepayment penalty if they are repaid prior to maturity. FHLB advances are also secured by $574 and $739 of FHLB stock owned by the Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

At December 31, 2019, the Company’s available and unused portion of this borrowing agreement based on the amount of FHLB stock was $3,194.

In addition, the Company has a $7,000 federal funds line of credit through Bankers’ Bank of Wisconsin, which was not drawn on as of December 31, 2019. The Company also has the authority to borrow through the Federal Reserve’s Discount Window.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies
Contingent liability related to loans sold	$ 7,679	$ 5,370
Contingent liability recourse provisions expiry period	4 months	4 months

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Equity and Regulatory Matters (Narrative) (Details)	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Equity and Regulatory Matters
Common Equity, Tier One Risk Based Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Asset	6.50%	6.50%
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	8.00%	8.00%
Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	10.00%	10.00%
Tier One Leverage Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Average Assets	5.00%	5.00%

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Fair Value (Fair Value of Assets on Recurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Available for sale securities	$ 48,179	$ 43,751
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Available for sale securities	48,179	43,751
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Available for sale securities	48,179	43,751
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | US Government Corporations and Agencies Securities [Member]
Available for sale securities	958	1,307
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | US Government Corporations and Agencies Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Available for sale securities	958	1,307
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | US States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Available for sale securities	8,605	8,295
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | US States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Available for sale securities	8,605	8,295
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Collateralized Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Available for sale securities	35,482	28,536
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Collateralized Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Available for sale securities	35,482	28,536
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Available for sale securities	1,017	1,446
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Certificates of Deposit [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Available for sale securities	1,017	1,446
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Available for sale securities	2,117	4,167
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Corporate Debt Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Available for sale securities	$ 2,117	$ 4,167

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401(k) Plan (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
401(K) Plan
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution percentage	100.00%
Defined contribution plan, maximum annual contributions per employee, percent	4.00%
Defined contribution plan, cost	$ 170	$ 154

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Loans (Loans Aging Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current loans	$ 191,396	$ 200,584
Total loans	191,742	200,898
Nonaccrual loans	1,070	720
Financing Receivables, 30 to 89 Days Past Due [Member]
Loans past due		314
Financing Receivables, Equal to Greater than 90 Days Past Due [Member]
Loans past due	346
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member]
Total loans	100,524	90,368
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Development [Member]
Current loans	18,222	7,801
Total loans	18,222	7,801
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Real Estate Loan [Member]
Current loans	68,621	69,425
Total loans	68,621	69,425
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Commercial and Industrial [Member]
Current loans	13,681	13,076
Total loans	13,681	13,142
Nonaccrual loans	14	20
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Commercial and Industrial [Member] | Financing Receivables, 30 to 89 Days Past Due [Member]
Loans past due		66
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member]
Total loans	91,218	110,530
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member]
Current loans	29,034	41,013
Total loans	29,380	41,018
Nonaccrual loans	346	365
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member] | Financing Receivables, 30 to 89 Days Past Due [Member]
Loans past due		5
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member] | Financing Receivables, Equal to Greater than 90 Days Past Due [Member]
Loans past due	346
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member]
Current loans	28,077	32,069
Total loans	28,077	32,312
Nonaccrual loans	624	241
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member] | Financing Receivables, 30 to 89 Days Past Due [Member]
Loans past due		243
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Multifamily Loan [Member]
Current loans	29,531	34,467
Total loans	29,531	34,467
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Consumer [Member]
Current loans	4,230	2,733
Total loans	4,230	2,733
Nonaccrual loans	$ 86	$ 94

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Available for Sale Securities (Continuous Unrealized Loss Position) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less Than 12 Months Fair Value	$ 10,173	$ 1,730
Less Than 12 Months Unrealized Losses	(74)	(26)
12 Months or More Fair Value	5,431	35,303
12 Months or More Unrealized Losses	(46)	(839)
Total Fair Value	15,604	37,033
Total Unrealized Losses	(120)	(865)
US Government Corporations and Agencies Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less Than 12 Months Fair Value		175
12 Months or More Fair Value		113
Total Fair Value		288
US States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less Than 12 Months Fair Value	2,569
Less Than 12 Months Unrealized Losses	(17)
12 Months or More Fair Value	1,059	6,142
12 Months or More Unrealized Losses	(4)	(103)
Total Fair Value	3,628	6,142
Total Unrealized Losses	(21)	(103)
Collateralized Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less Than 12 Months Fair Value	7,604	1,171
Less Than 12 Months Unrealized Losses	(57)	(24)
12 Months or More Fair Value	4,372	24,725
12 Months or More Unrealized Losses	(42)	(628)
Total Fair Value	11,976	25,896
Total Unrealized Losses	$ (99)	(652)
Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
12 Months or More Fair Value		1,195
12 Months or More Unrealized Losses		(55)
Total Fair Value		1,195
Total Unrealized Losses		(55)
Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less Than 12 Months Fair Value		384
Less Than 12 Months Unrealized Losses		(2)
12 Months or More Fair Value		3,128
12 Months or More Unrealized Losses		(53)
Total Fair Value		3,512
Total Unrealized Losses		$ (55)

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Loans (Major Classifications of Loans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Subtotal loans	$ 191,742	$ 200,898
Deferred loan fees	(187)	(86)
Allowance for loan losses	(2,264)	(2,118)	$ (1,800)
Net loans	189,291	198,694
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member]
Subtotal loans	100,524	90,368
Allowance for loan losses	(1,251)	(940)	(660)
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Development [Member]
Subtotal loans	18,222	7,801
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Real Estate Loan [Member]
Subtotal loans	68,621	69,425
Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member] | Commercial and Industrial [Member]
Subtotal loans	13,681	13,142
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member]
Subtotal loans	91,218	110,530
Allowance for loan losses	(1,013)	(1,178)	$ (1,140)
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Owner-occupied [Member]
Subtotal loans	29,380	41,018
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | One-to-Four Family Investor-owned [Member]
Subtotal loans	28,077	32,312
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Multifamily Loan [Member]
Subtotal loans	29,531	34,467
Residential Real Estate and Consumer [Member] | Consumer [Member]
Subtotal loans	$ 4,230	$ 2,733

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Loans (Accretable Yield for Purchased Loans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Loans
Beginning Balance	$ 190	$ 334
Additions
Accretion	(113)	(144)
Ending Balance	$ 77	$ 190

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Employee Stock Ownership Plan (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), number of committed-to-be-released shares	12,960	12,960
Average fair value of per share	$ 10.62	$ 11.03
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), Compensation expense	$ 138	$ 143

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Share-based Compensation Plans (Stock Options Activity) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Plans
Options outstanding, number of options (in shares)	192,089
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.81
Granted, number of options (in shares)	30,000	192,089
Granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.64	$ 10.81
Exercised, number of options (in shares)
Exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)
Expired or canceled, number of options (in shares)
Expired or canceled, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)
Forfeited, number of options (in shares)
Forfeited, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)
Options outstanding, number of options (in shares)	222,089	192,089
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.79	$ 10.81
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term (Year)	9 years 4 days	9 years 11 months 12 days
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value		$ 169,446
Options exercisable, number of options (in shares)	38,414
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.81
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term, exercisable (Year)	8 years 11 months 12 days
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable	$ 28,426

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Premises and Equipment (Minimum Future Rents Receivable) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Premises and Equipment
2020	$ 99
2021	101
2022	103
2023	106
2024	44
Total	$ 453

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 4,101	$ 1,746
Fed funds sold	35,276	2,742
Cash and cash equivalents	39,377	4,488
Available for sale securities, stated at fair value	48,179	43,751
Loans held for sale	200	679
Loans, net of allowance for loan and lease losses of $2,264 and $2,118, respectively	189,291	198,694
Premises and equipment, net	4,807	5,057
Foreclosed assets	84	69
Other equity investments	780	739
Accrued interest receivable	725	768
Cash value of life insurance	7,068	7,007
Other assets	1,707	1,474
TOTAL ASSETS	292,218	262,726
Liabilities and Equity
Deposits	217,252	183,205
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	46	55
FHLB advances	11,500	17,750
Accrued interest payable	51	70
Other liabilities	1,499	1,284
Total liabilities	230,348	202,364
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value, 1,000,000 authorized, no shares issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)
Common stock ($0.01 par value, 19,000,000 shares authorized, 6,706,742 and 6,696,742 shares issued, 6,566,478 and 6,696,742 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)	67	67
Additional paid in capital	28,672	28,326
Unallocated common stock of Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") (230,343 and 243,303 shares at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)	(2,303)	(2,433)
Retained earnings	36,551	34,995
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes	344	(593)
Less treasury stock, 140,264 and 0 shares at cost, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively	(1,461)
Total equity	61,870	60,362
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$ 292,218	$ 262,726

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 16, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)		6,566,478	6,696,742
Public offering costs		$ 603,000
Unrecognized tax benefits, income tax penalties and interest expense		0
Income tax expense (benefit), Total		$ 502,000	$ 318,000
Owned by Public [Member]
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)		2,929,603
Percentage of common stock outstanding to eligible Members		44.60%
Subsequent Event [Member]
Stock issued during period, shares	4,268,570
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	$ 41,500,000
Sale of stock, price per share	$ 10.00
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member] | Net Gain on Sale of Securities [Member]
Income tax expense (benefit), Total		$ 1,000	$ 56,000
FFBW Community Foundation [Member]
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)		25,000
FFBW, MHC [Member]
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)		3,636,875
Percentage of shares held by Mutual Holding Company		$ 55.4
FFBW, MHC [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Stock issued during period, shares	3,436,430

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Unallocated Common Stock of ESOP [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 66	$ 28,296	$ (2,563)	$ 33,937	$ (247)		$ 59,489
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	6,612,500
Net income				1,058			1,058
ESOP shares committed to be released		13	130				143
Stock based compensation expense	$ 1	17					18
Stock based compensation expense (in shares)	84,242
Other comprehensive loss					(346)		(346)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 67	28,326	(2,433)	34,995	(593)		60,362
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	6,696,742
Net income				1,556			1,556
ESOP shares committed to be released		8	130				138
Stock based compensation expense		338					338
Stock based compensation expense (in shares)	10,000
Other comprehensive loss					937		937
Repurchase of common stock						$ (1,461)	(1,461)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)	(140,264)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 67	$ 28,672	$ (2,303)	$ 36,551	$ 344	$ (1,461)	$ 61,870
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019	6,566,478

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Equity and Regulatory Matters (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Equity and Regulatory Matters

Bank’s Actual Capital Amounts and Ratios

The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following tables:

					For Capital Adequacy				To Be Well Capitalized
	Actual				Purposes				Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
December 31, 2019:
First Federal Bank of Wisconsin
Leverage (Tier 1)	$	50,446	19.4	%	$	10,400	4.0	%	$	13,000	5.0	%
Risk Based:
Common Tier 1		50,446	23.7			9,591	4.5			13,854	6.5
Tier 1		50,446	23.7			12,788	6.0			17,051	8.0
Total		52,710	24.7			17,051	8.0			21,313	10.0
December 31, 2018:
First Federal Bank of Wisconsin
Leverage (Tier 1)	$	48,502	18.4	%	$	10,542	4.0	%	$	13,178	5.0	%
Risk Based:
Common Tier 1		48,502	23.7			9,209	4.5			13,302	6.5
Tier 1		48,502	23.7			12,279	6.0			16,372	8.0
Total		50,620	24.7			16,372	8.0			20,465	10.0

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Available for Sale Securities (Amortized Cost and Fair Value) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	$ 47,709	$ 44,564
Gross unrealized gains	590	52
Gross unrealized losses	(120)	(865)
Estimated fair value	48,179	43,751
US Government Corporations and Agencies Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	944	1,299
Gross unrealized gains	14	8
Estimated fair value	958	1,307
US States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	8,590	8,381
Gross unrealized gains	36	17
Gross unrealized losses	(21)	(103)
Estimated fair value	8,605	8,295
Collateralized Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	35,095	29,164
Gross unrealized gains	486	24
Gross unrealized losses	(99)	(652)
Estimated fair value	35,482	28,536
Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	1,000	1,500
Gross unrealized gains	17	1
Gross unrealized losses		(55)
Estimated fair value	1,017	1,446
Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	2,080	4,220
Gross unrealized gains	37	2
Gross unrealized losses		(55)
Estimated fair value	$ 2,117	$ 4,167

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Share-based Compensation Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Compensation Plans

Share-based Compensation Plans

NOTE 20 - Share-based Compensation Plans

ASC Topic 718 requires that the grant date fair value of equity awards to employees be recognized as compensation expense over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for such awards.

The following table summarizes the impact of the Company’s share-based payment plans in the financial statements for the period shown:

	Year Ended		Year Ended
	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Total cost of stock grant plan during the year	$	196	$	11
Total cost of stock option plan during the year		142		7
Total cost of share-based payment plans during the year	$	338	$	18
Amount of related income tax benefit recognized in income	$	91	$	5

The Company adopted the FFBW, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Equity Incentive Plan”) in 2018. In November 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan which authorized the issuance of up to 129,605 restricted stock awards and up to 324,012 stock options. As of December 31, 2019 there were 35,363 restricted stock awards and 101,923 options available for future grants. Shares granted under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan may be authorized but unissued, currently held or, to the extent permitted by applicable law, subsequently acquired by the Company as treasury shares, including shares purchased in the open market or in private transactions. Forfeited or canceled shares shall not be deemed to have been delivered for purposes of determining the maximum number of shares of stock available for delivery under the Plan.

Options are granted with an exercise price equal to no less than the market price of the Company’s shares at the date of grant: those option awards generally vest pro-rata over five years of service and have 10‑year contractual terms. Restricted shares typically vest pro-rata over a five year period, 20% per year beginning one year from the issuance date.

The following table summarizes stock options activity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

				Weighted
				Average
		Weighted		Remaining	Aggregate
		Average		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Number of	Exercise		Term (in	Value (in
	Options	Price		years)	thousands)
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	10.81
Granted	30,000		10.64
Exercised	—		—
Expired or canceled	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2019	222,089	$	10.79	9.01	$	169,446
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2019	38,414	$	10.81	8.95	$	28,426

				Weighted
				Average
		Weighted		Remaining	Aggregate
		Average		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Number of	Exercise		Term (in	Value (in
	Options	Price		years)	thousands)
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	192,089		10.81
Exercised	—		—
Expired or canceled	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	10.81	9.95	$	—
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	—

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on certain assumptions. Since the Company does not have sufficient historical fair value estimates of its stock, the Company calculates expected volatility using the historical volatility of the Dow Jones U.S. Financial Services Index. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The expected life of options is estimated based on the assumption that options will be exercised evenly throughout their life after vesting and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to remain outstanding.

		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Options	Value
Nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	3.40
Granted	30,000		2.90
Vested	(38,414)		3.40
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2019	183,675	$	3.32
		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Options	Value
Nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	192,089		3.40
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018	192,089	$	3.40

The following assumptions were used for options granted during the year ended December 31, 2019:

	For the Year Ended
	December 31,
	2019
Risk-free interest rate		2.30	%
Expected volatility		18.38	%
Expected dividend yield		0	%
Expected life of options (years)		7.5
Weighted average fair value per option of options granted during the year	$	2.90

The following is a summary of changes in restricted shares for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Shares	Value
Nonvested shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018	84,242	$	10.82
Granted	10,000		10.64
Vested	(16,842)		10.82
Forfeited	—		—
Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019	77,400	$	10.79
		Weighted
		Average
	Number of	Grant Date Fair
	Shares	Value
Nonvested shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	84,242		10.82
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018	84,242	$	10.82

As of December 31, 2019, there was $1.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements (including share option and non-vested share awards) granted under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. At December 31, 2019, the weighted-average period over which the unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized was approximately 2.5 years.

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Concentration of Credit Risk

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes To Financial Statements [Abstract]

Concentration of Credit Risk

NOTE 12 - Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments, and loans. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held in demand accounts with various institutions. The Company’s investments are held in a variety of interest bearing investments including obligations from the U.S. government and government sponsored agencies and certificates of deposit. Such deposits are generally in excess of insured limits. The Company has not experienced any historical losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents. Practically all of the Company’s loans and commitments have been granted to customers in the Company’s market area. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, the ability of their debtors to honor their contracts is dependent on the economic conditions of the counties surrounding the Company. The concentration of credit by type of loan is set forth in Note 5.

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Equity and Regulatory Matters

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Equity and Regulatory Matters

Equity and Regulatory Matters

NOTE 16 – Equity and Regulatory Matters

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and Total capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. It is management’s opinion, as of December 31, 2019, that the Bank meet all applicable capital adequacy requirements.

As of December 31, 2019, the Bank is categorized as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum regulatory capital ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since December 31, 2019 that management believes have changed the category.

The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following tables:

					For Capital Adequacy				To Be Well Capitalized
	Actual				Purposes				Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
December 31, 2019:
First Federal Bank of Wisconsin
Leverage (Tier 1)	$	50,446	19.4	%	$	10,400	4.0	%	$	13,000	5.0	%
Risk Based:
Common Tier 1		50,446	23.7			9,591	4.5			13,854	6.5
Tier 1		50,446	23.7			12,788	6.0			17,051	8.0
Total		52,710	24.7			17,051	8.0			21,313	10.0
December 31, 2018:
First Federal Bank of Wisconsin
Leverage (Tier 1)	$	48,502	18.4	%	$	10,542	4.0	%	$	13,178	5.0	%
Risk Based:
Common Tier 1		48,502	23.7			9,209	4.5			13,302	6.5
Tier 1		48,502	23.7			12,279	6.0			16,372	8.0
Total		50,620	24.7			16,372	8.0			20,465	10.0