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Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]
Note
10
Fair Value Measurements
 
Accounting standards describe
three
levels of inputs that
may
be used to measure fair value (the fair value hierarchy). The level of an asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input significant to the fair value measurement of that asset or liability.
 
Following is a brief description of each level of the fair value hierarchy:
 
Level
1
- Fair value measurement is based on quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
 
Level
2
- Fair value measurement is based on: (
1
) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; (
2
) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are
not
active; or (
3
) valuation models and methodologies for which all significant assumptions are or can be corroborated by observable market data.
 
Level
3
- Fair value measurement is based on valuation models and methodologies that incorporate at least
one
significant assumption that cannot be corroborated by observable market data. Level
3
measurements reflect the Company’s estimates about assumptions market participants would use in measuring fair value of the asset or liability.
 
Some assets and liabilities, such as available for sale securities, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Other assets and liabilities, such as impaired loans,
may
be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
 
Following is a description of the valuation methodology used for each asset measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis, as well as the classification of the asset within the fair value hierarchy. 
 
Available for sale securities –
Available for sale securities
may
be classified as Level
1
or Level
2
measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Level
1
securities include equity securities traded on a national exchange. The fair value measurement of a Level
1
security is based on the quoted price of the security. Level
2
securities include U.S. government and agency securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, corporate debt securities, and mortgage-related securities. The fair value measurement of a Level
2
security is obtained from an independent pricing service and is based on recent sales of similar securities and other observable market data.
 
Information regarding the fair value of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of
June 30, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
follows:
 
 
           
Recurring Fair Value Measurements Using
 
   
Assets Measured at
   
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical
Instruments
   
Significant Other Observable Inputs
   
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
 
   
Fair Value
   
(Level 1)
   
(Level 2)
   
(Level 3)
 
                                 
June 30, 2018
                               
Assets - Available for sale securities
   
55,135
     
-
     
55,135
     
-
 
                                 
December 31, 2017
                               
Assets - Available for sale securities
   
58,012
     
-
     
58,012
     
-
 
 
 
Loans -
Loans are
not
measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, loans considered to be impaired
may
be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value measurement of an impaired loan that is collateral dependent is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. All other impaired loan measurements are based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the applicable effective interest rate and, thus, are
not
fair value measurements. Fair value measurements of underlying collateral that utilize observable market data, such as independent appraisals reflecting recent comparable sales are considered Level
2
measurements. Other fair value measurements that incorporate estimated assumptions market participants would use to measure fair value are considered Level
3
measurements.
 
Foreclosed Assets –
Real estate acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are
not
measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, foreclosed assets are initially measured at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) when they are acquired and
may
also be measured at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) if they become subsequently impaired. The fair value measurement for each asset
may
be obtained from an independent appraiser or prepared internally. Fair value measurements obtained from independent appraisers generally utilize a market approach based on sales of comparable assets and/or an income approach. Such measurements are usually considered Level
2
measurements. However, management routinely evaluates fair value measurements of independent appraisers by comparing actual selling prices to the most recent appraisals. If management determines significant adjustments should be made to the independent appraisals based on these evaluations, these measurements are considered Level
3
measurements. Fair value measurements prepared internally are based on management’s comparisons to sales of comparable assets, but include significant unobservable data and are therefore considered Level
3
measurements.
 
Information regarding the fair value of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of
June 30, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
follows:
 
 
           
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements Using
 
   
Assets Measured
at
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical
Instruments
   
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 
   
Fair Value
   
(Level 1)
   
(Level 2)
   
(Level 3)
 
                                 
As of June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
                               
Loans
   
65
     
-
     
-
     
65
 
Foreclosed assets
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
                                 
As of December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets :
                               
Loans
   
151
     
-
     
-
     
151
 
Foreclosed assets
   
619
     
-
     
-
     
619
 
 
The Company estimates fair value of all financial instruments regardless of whether such instruments are measured at fair value. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company to estimate fair value of financial instruments
not
previously discussed.
 
Cash and cash equivalents -
Fair value approximates the carrying value.
 
Loans held for sale -
Fair value is based on commitments on hand from investors or prevailing market prices.
 
Loans -
Fair value of variable rate loans that reprice frequently is based on carrying values. Fair value of other loans is estimated by discounting future cash flows using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings. Fair value of impaired and other nonperforming loans is estimated using discounted expected future cash flows or the fair value of underlying collateral, if applicable.
 
FHLB
stock -
Fair value is the redeemable (carrying) value based on the redemption provisions of the Federal Home Loan Bank.
 
Accrued interest receivable and payable -
Fair value approximates the carrying value.
 
Cash value of life insurance -
Fair value is based on reported values of the assets.
 
Deposits and advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance -
Fair value of deposits with
no
stated maturity, such as demand deposits, savings, and money market accounts, including advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance, by definition, is the amount payable on demand on the reporting date. Fair value of fixed rate time deposits is estimated using discounted cash flows applying interest rates currently being offered on similar time deposits.
 
FHLB advances
-
Fair value of fixed rate, fixed term borrowings is estimated by discounting future cash flows using the current rates at which similar borrowings would be made. Fair value of borrowings with variable rates or maturing within
90
days approximates the carrying value of these borrowings.
 
Off-balance-sheet instruments -
Fair value is based on quoted market prices of similar financial instruments where available. If a quoted market price is
not
available, fair value is based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreement and the counterparty’s credit standing. Since the estimated fair value of off-balance-sheet instruments is
not
material,
no
amounts are presented in the following schedule.
 
The carrying value and estimated fair value of financial instruments at
June 30, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
follow:
 
   
June 30, 2018
 
   
Carrying Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
Financial assets:
                               
Cash and cash equivalents
   
2,393
     
2,393
     
-
     
-
 
Available for sale securities
   
55,135
     
-
     
55,135
     
-
 
Loans held for sale
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Loans
   
193,057
     
-
     
-
     
193,014
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
821
     
821
     
-
     
-
 
Cash value of life insurance
   
6,653
     
-
     
-
     
6,653
 
FHLB stock
   
1,098
     
-
     
-
     
1,098
 
                                 
Financial liabilities:
                               
Deposits
   
166,334
     
99,104
     
-
     
66,797
 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance
   
812
     
812
     
-
     
-
 
FHLB advances
   
38,000
     
-
     
-
     
37,736
 
Accrued interest payable
   
360
     
360
     
-
     
-
 
 
   
December 31, 2017
 
   
Carrying Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
Financial assets:
                               
Cash and cash equivalents
   
11,813
     
11,813
     
-
     
-
 
Available for sale securities
   
58,012
     
-
     
58,012
     
-
 
Loans held for sale
   
109
     
-
     
109
     
-
 
Loans
   
171,355
     
-
     
-
     
171,729
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
782
     
782
     
-
     
-
 
Cash value of life insurance
   
6,558
     
-
     
-
     
6,558
 
FHLB stock
   
514
     
-
     
-
     
514
 
                                 
Financial liabilities:
                               
Deposits
   
182,913
     
106,125
     
-
     
76,099
 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance
   
36
     
36
     
-
     
-
 
FHLB advances
   
12,750
     
-
     
-
     
12,597
 
Accrued interest payable
   
37
     
37
     
-
     
-
 
 
Limitations –
The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between market participants, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based on quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are
no
quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are
not
available, fair values are based on estimates using present value of other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates
may
not
be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Consequently, the aggregate fair value amounts presented
may
not
necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.