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Equity
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Equity And Noncontrolling Interests Disclosure [Abstract]  
Equity Equity
Equity
A summary of the changes in total equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is provided below:

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(Millions of dollars)
2020
 
2019
Activity
Linde plc
Shareholders’
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
 
Linde plc
Shareholders’
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interests (a)
 
Total
Equity
Balance, beginning of period (a)
$
49,074

 
$
2,448

 
$
51,522

 
$
51,596

 
$
5,484

 
$
57,080

Net income (b)
573

 
35

 
608

 
517

 
36

 
553

Other comprehensive income (loss)
(2,574
)
 
(106
)
 
(2,680
)
 
221

 
(67
)
 
154

Noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additions (reductions)
—

 
2

 
2

 
—

 
8

 
8

Dividends and other capital changes
—

 
(4
)
 
(4
)
 
—

 
(4
)
 
(4
)
Redemption value adjustments
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Dividends to Linde plc ordinary share holders ($0.963 per share in 2020 and $0.875 per share in 2019)
(511
)
 
—

 
(511
)
 
(477
)
 
—

 
(477
)
Issuances of common stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

For employee savings and incentive plans
(18
)
 
—

 
(18
)
 
6

 
—

 
6

Purchases of common stock
(1,811
)
 
—

 
(1,811
)
 
(704
)
 
—

 
(704
)
Share-based compensation
43

 
—

 
43

 
16

 
—

 
16

Balance, end of period
$
44,776

 
$
2,375

 
$
47,151

 
$
51,175

 
$
5,457

 
$
56,632

(a) As of the beginning of the three months ended March 31, 2019, noncontrolling interests included approximately $3.2 billion relating to the 8% of Linde AG shares which were not tendered in the Exchange Offer and were the subject of a cash-merger squeeze-out completed on April 8, 2019.
(b) Net income for noncontrolling interests excludes net income related to redeemable noncontrolling interests which is not significant for both the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 which is not part of total equity.
The components of AOCI are as follows:
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
(Millions of dollars)
2020
 
2019
Cumulative translation adjustment - net of taxes:
 
 
 
Americas
$
(4,090
)
 
$
(3,357
)
EMEA
(1,311
)
 
(136
)
APAC
(966
)
 
(140
)
Engineering
(122
)
 
(29
)
Other
500

 
282

 
(5,989
)
 
(3,380
)
Derivatives - net of taxes
(57
)
 
(27
)
Pension / OPEB funded status obligation (net of $431 million and $446 million tax benefit in March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
(1,342
)
 
(1,407
)
 
$
(7,388
)
 
$
(4,814
)