Supplemental Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Receivables

Linde applies loss rates that are lifetime expected credit losses at initial recognition of the receivables. These expected loss rates are based on an analysis of the actual historical default rates for each business, taking regional circumstances into account. If necessary, these historical default rates are adjusted to reflect the impact of current changes in the macroeconomic environment using forward-looking information. The loss rates are also evaluated based on the expectations of the responsible management team regarding the collectability of the receivables. Gross trade receivables aged less than one year were $5,240 million and $4,573 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and gross receivables aged greater than one year were $383 million and $322 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Gross other receivables were $161 million and $148 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Receivables aged greater than one year are generally fully reserved unless specific circumstances warrant exceptions, such as those backed by federal governments.

Accounts receivable net of reserves were $5,331 million at September 30, 2025 and $4,622 million at December 31, 2024. Allowances for expected credit losses were $453 million at September 30, 2025 and $421 million at December 31, 2024. Provisions for expected credit losses were $158 million and $130 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The allowance activity in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 related to write-offs of uncollectible amounts, net of recoveries and currency movements is not material.

Inventories

The following is a summary of Linde's consolidated inventories:


(Millions of dollars)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Inventories
Raw materials and supplies	$	533	$	529
Work in process	410		371
Finished goods	1,185		1,046
Total inventories	$	2,128	$	1,946