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Retirement Programs
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits, Description [Abstract]  
Retirement Programs Retirement Programs
The components of net pension and postretirement benefits other than pensions (“OPEB”) costs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are shown below:
 Quarter Ended March 31,
 
(Millions of dollars)20232022
Amount recognized in Operating Profit
Service cost$21 $33 
Amount recognized in Net pension and OPEB cost (benefit), excluding service cost
Interest cost92 53 
Expected return on plan assets(129)(136)
Net amortization and deferral(8)19 
(45)(64)
 Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)$(24)$(31)
Components of net periodic benefit expense for other post-retirement plans for three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were not material.
Linde estimates that 2023 required contributions to its pension plans will be in the range of approximately $40 million to $50 million, of which $10 million have been made through March 31, 2023.