10-12G/A 1 d392523d1012ga.htm 10-12G/A 10-12G/A
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 23, 2017

File No. 000-55791

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 1

TO

FORM 10

 

 

GENERAL FORM FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES

PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

VICI Properties Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

 

Maryland  

81-4177147

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

8329 W. Sunset Road, Suite 210 Las Vegas, Nevada 89113

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(702) 820-3800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Copies to:

 

John Payne
President and Chief Operating

Officer

VICI Properties Inc.

8329 W. Sunset Road, Suite 210
Las Vegas, Nevada 89113

 

Edward J. Schneidman, P.C.

Carol Anne Huff
Kirkland & Ellis LLP
300 North LaSalle
Chicago, Illinois 60654
(312) 862-2200

 

 

Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class
to be so registered

 

Name of each exchange on which
each class is to be registered

 

Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share

(Title of class)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer   ☒  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company  
     Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page  
EXPLANATORY NOTE      i  
CERTAIN NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES      ii  
CERTAIN TERMS USED IN THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT      iii  
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS      iv  
SUMMARY      1  

ITEM 1.

   BUSINESS      15  

ITEM 1.A

   RISK FACTORS      33  

ITEM 2.

   FINANCIAL INFORMATION      54  

ITEM 3.

   PROPERTIES      76  

ITEM 4.

   SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT      80  

ITEM 5.

   DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS      82  

ITEM 6.

   EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION      88  

ITEM 7.

   CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE      98  

ITEM 8.

   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS      99  

ITEM 9.

   MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS      100  

ITEM 10.

   RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES      102  

ITEM 11.

   DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED      103  

ITEM 12.

   INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS      125  

ITEM 13.

   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA      127  

ITEM 14.

   CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE      128  

ITEM 15.

   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS      129  


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EXPLANATORY NOTE

This post-effective amendment No. 1 to registration statement on Form 10 is being filed by VICI Properties Inc. (“VICI REIT”), in connection with the registration of its common stock pursuant to Section 12(g) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). This registration statement became automatically effective on September 29, 2017.

VICI REIT is a newly formed Maryland corporation. VICI REIT was created to hold certain real estate assets that were owned by Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“CEOC”). On January 15, 2015, CEOC and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Debtors”) filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois. On January 13, 2017, the Debtors filed a Third Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization of Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc., et al. (the “Plan of Reorganization”), which was confirmed by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court on January 17, 2017. On October 6, 2017, the effective date of the Plan of Reorganization (the “Effective Date”), the historical business of CEOC was separated by means of a spin-off transaction whereby the Debtors’ real property assets and golf course operations were transferred through a series of transactions to VICI REIT and its subsidiaries (the “Restructuring”). Under the Plan of Reorganization and the transactions contemplated therein, certain creditors of the Debtors were issued VICI REIT’s common stock. See “Summary—The Restructuring.” On the Effective Date, CEOC merged with and into CEOC, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“CEOC LLC”), with CEOC LLC surviving the merger, and CEOC LLC and/or subsidiaries of CEOC LLC leasing back the transferred real property pursuant to lease agreements (the “Lease Agreements”). An affiliate of Caesars Entertainment Corporation, the parent of CEOC, manages such businesses.

Except as otherwise noted or suggested by the context, the information contained in this registration statement relates to VICI REIT and its subsidiaries following the effectiveness of, and after giving effect to the other transactions contemplated by, the Plan of Reorganization, including the spin-off transaction and transfer of CEOC’s real property assets and golf course operations to VICI REIT.

VICI REIT was not required to file this registration statement pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). This registration statement shall not constitute an offer to sell, nor a solicitation of an offer to buy, its securities.

 

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CERTAIN NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

In this registration statement, we present Funds From Operations (“FFO”), Adjusted Funds From Operations (“AFFO”) and Adjusted EBITDA, which are not required by, or presented in accordance with, generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). These are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be construed as alternatives to net income or as an indicator of operating performance (as determined in accordance with GAAP). We believe FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA provide a meaningful perspective of the underlying operating performance of our business.

FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that is considered a supplemental measure for the real estate industry and a supplement to GAAP measures. Consistent with the definition used by The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), we define FFO as net income (or loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property plus real estate depreciation. We define AFFO as FFO adjusted for direct financing lease adjustments and other depreciation (which is comprised of the depreciation related to our golf course operations). We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income as adjusted for gains (or losses) from sales of property, real estate depreciation, direct financing lease adjustments, other depreciation (which is comprised of the depreciation related to our golf course operations), provision for income taxes and interest expense, net.

Because not all companies calculate FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA in the same way we do and other companies may not perform such calculations, those measures as used by other companies may not be consistent with the way we calculate such measures and should not be considered as alternative measures of operating profit or net income. Our presentation of these measures does not replace the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP.

Please see “Summary—Summary Pro Forma Financial Data,” for reconciliations of net income to FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA, in each case after giving pro forma effect to the Restructuring.

 

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CERTAIN TERMS USED IN THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this registration statement to the terms below have the following meanings:

 

    “Bankruptcy Code” refers to title 11 of the United States Code;

 

    “Bankruptcy Court” refers to the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois;

 

    “Caesars Entertainment Outdoor” refers to the historic operations of the following golf courses that were transferred to our TRS on the Effective Date: the Rio Secco golf course in Henderson, Nevada; the Cascata golf course in Boulder City, Nevada; the Grand Bear golf course in Saucier, Mississippi; and the Chariot Run golf course in Laconia, Indiana;

 

    “CEC” refers to Caesars Entertainment Corporation together with its subsidiaries;

 

    “CEOC” refers to Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. prior to the Effective Date, and to CEOC, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the parent of the tenants of our properties following the Effective Date;

 

    “CPLV” or “Caesars Palace” refers to the Caesars Palace Las Vegas facility located in the Las Vegas Strip, which was transferred by CEOC to us on the Effective Date;

 

    “Effective Date” refers to October 6, 2017, the effective date of the Plan of Reorganization;

 

    “Operating Partnership” refers to VICI Properties L.P., a Delaware limited partnership and our operating partnership;

 

    “Plan of Reorganization” refers to the Third Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization of Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. et. al. confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on January 17, 2017;

 

    “REIT” refers to real estate investment trust;

 

    “Series A preferred stock” refers to VICI REIT’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, with an aggregate liquidation preference of $300.0 million;

 

    “TRS” refers to VICI Golf LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which is the owner and operator of the Caesars Entertainment Outdoor business that was transferred by CEOC to VICI Golf LLC on the Effective Date;

 

    “VICI PropCo” refers to VICI Properties 1 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which through its subsidiaries owns the real estate assets transferred by CEOC to us on the Effective Date; and

 

    “VICI REIT,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” “our company” refer to VICI Properties Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with its subsidiaries.

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this registration statement, including statements such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on our current plans, expectations and projections about future events. Forward-looking statements should not be unduly relied upon. They give our expectations about the future and are not guarantees. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements to materially differ from any future results, performance and achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements and may be affected by a variety of risks and other factors, including, among others:

 

    our dependence on CEOC as lessee of our properties and CEC as guarantor of the lease payments and the consequences any material adverse effect on their businesses could have on our business;

 

    the dilutive effects of the conversion of the Series A preferred stock and $250.0 million of CPLV’s mezzanine loans into common stock, which will occur on November 6, 2017;

 

    our dependence on the gaming industry;

 

    our ability to pursue our growth strategies may be limited by our substantial debt service requirements and by the requirement that we distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income in order to maintain our status as a REIT and that we distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income in order to avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes;

 

    the impact of extensive regulation from gaming and other regulatory authorities;

 

    the ability of our tenants to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals in connection with the operation of our properties;

 

    the possibility that CEOC may choose not to renew the Lease Agreements following the initial or subsequent terms of the leases;

 

    restrictions on our ability to sell our properties included in the Lease Agreements;

 

    our substantial amount of indebtedness and ability to refinance such indebtedness;

 

    our historical and pro forma financial information may not be reliable indicators of future results;

 

    our inability to achieve the benefits that the Debtors expected to achieve from the separation of the Debtors into CEOC and our company;

 

    limits on our operational flexibility imposed by our debt agreements;

 

    the possibility of foreclosure of our properties if we are unable to meet required debt service payments;

 

    the impact of a rise in interest rates on our business;

 

    our inability to successfully pursue investments in, and acquisitions or development of, additional properties;

 

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    the impact of natural disasters on our properties;

 

    the loss of the services of key personnel;

 

    the inability to attract, retain and motivate employees;

 

    the costs and liabilities associated with environmental compliance;

 

    failure to establish and maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls;

 

    the costs of operating as a public company;

 

    the shares of our common stock are not currently listed on a securities exchange and there is no guarantee as to when they will be listed;

 

    our inability to operate as a stand-alone company following the Restructuring;

 

    our inability to maintain our status as a REIT;

 

    our reliance on distributions received from our Operating Partnership to make distributions to our stockholders due to our being a holding company;

 

    our management team’s limited experience operating as part of a REIT structure;

 

    competition for acquisition opportunities from other REITs and gaming companies that may have greater access to and a lower cost of capital than us; and

 

    additional factors discussed herein under “Risk Factors.”

Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements could be inaccurate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included in this registration statement. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this registration statement and the risk that actual results will differ materially from the expectations expressed in this registration statement will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this registration statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included in this registration statement, the inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the objectives and plans set forth in this registration statement will be achieved.

 

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SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this registration statement. It does not contain all of the information that may be important to you and your investment decision. You should carefully read the following summary, together with the entire registration statement, before making a decision to invest in our common stock.

Our Company

We are an owner, acquirer and developer of gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations. Our national, geographically diverse portfolio consists of 19 market-leading properties, including Caesars Palace, one of the most iconic gaming facilities in the Las Vegas Strip (the “Strip”). We also own and operate four golf courses located near certain of our properties, two in close proximity to Caesars Palace. Our properties, other than our golf courses, are leased to leading brands that drive loyalty and value with guests through superior service and products and continuous innovation. Across more than 32.5 million square feet, our well-maintained properties are located in nine states, contain nearly 12,000 hotel rooms and feature over 150 restaurants, bars and nightclubs. Our portfolio also includes approximately 55 acres of undeveloped land adjacent to the Strip.

We are one of the largest specialty real estate investment trusts (“REIT”) in the United States with $383.7 million and $762.6 million of revenue, $219.0 million and $434.0 million of net income and $322.1 million and $639.7 million of Adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2016, respectively, in each case on a pro forma basis giving effect to the Restructuring. For a definition of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to net income, in each case on a pro forma basis giving effect to the Restructuring, see “—Summary Pro Forma Financial Data.”

We believe we have a mutually beneficial relationship with Caesars Entertainment Corporation (“CEC”), a large and diversified casino-entertainment company in the United States, and its subsidiary CEOC, LLC (“CEOC”). Our long-term triple-net Lease Agreements with CEOC and/or its subsidiaries provide us with a highly predictable revenue stream with embedded growth potential. We believe our geographic diversification limits the effect of changes in any one market on our overall performance. We are focused on driving long-term total returns through diligent asset management and strategic capital allocation, maintaining a highly productive tenant base, capitalizing on strategic development and redevelopment opportunities, and optimizing our capital structure to support opportunistic growth.

Our portfolio is competitively positioned and well-maintained. Pursuant to the terms of the Lease Agreements, which require CEOC to invest materially in our properties, and in line with its commitment to build guest loyalty, we anticipate CEOC will continue to make strategic value-enhancing investments in our properties over time, helping to maintain their market-leading positions. In addition, given our scale and deep industry knowledge, we believe we are well positioned to be able to execute highly complementary single-asset and portfolio acquisitions to support growth. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business Following the Restructuring—A substantial portion of our cash will be used to satisfy our debt service obligations and our distribution obligations to maintain our status as a REIT and avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, limiting our ability to pursue our growth strategy.”

We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2017. We believe our election of REIT status combined with the income generation of our Lease Agreements will enhance our ability to pay dividends, providing investors with current income as well as long-term growth.

 



 

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The Restructuring

On January 15, 2015, CEOC and the other Debtors filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under the Bankruptcy Code in the Bankruptcy Court. On January 13, 2017, the Debtors filed their Plan of Reorganization with the Bankruptcy Court. The Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming the Plan of Reorganization on January 17, 2017.

The Plan of Reorganization became effective on October 6, 2017 and, as a result, the historical business of CEOC was separated by means of a spin-off transaction whereby the Debtors’ real property assets (subject to certain exceptions) and golf course operations were transferred to VICI REIT. CEOC and certain of CEOC’s subsidiaries lease the transferred real property assets pursuant to the Lease Agreements, CEC guarantees the payment obligations of the tenants under the Lease Agreements and an affiliate of CEC manages the operation of such properties, as further described under “—Our Relationship with CEOC and CEC.”

Set forth below is an overview of the equity and debt securities and debt instruments of VICI REIT, VICI PropCo and CPLV that were issued, or the proceeds of which were distributed, to certain of CEOC’s creditors on the Effective Date pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization.

Common Stock and Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On the Effective Date, 177.2 million shares of our common stock were distributed to certain creditors of CEOC and 12 million shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A preferred stock”) with a liquidation preference of $300.0 million were distributed to certain creditors of CEOC and certain backstop investors. The Series A preferred stock will automatically convert into 51.4 million shares of our common stock on November 6, 2017 (the “Mandatory Preferred Conversion”), and will represent approximately 20.9% of the outstanding common stock following the Mandatory Conversions (as defined below).

Indebtedness Following Emergence from Bankruptcy

On the Effective Date, a subsidiary of our Operating Partnership, issued to certain of CEOC’s creditors $1,638.4 million aggregate principal amount of senior secured first lien term loans (“Term Loans”) under the new senior secured credit facility, $311.7 million aggregate principal amount of first-priority senior secured floating rate notes due 2022 (“First Lien Notes”), and $766.9 million aggregate principal amount of 8.0% second-priority senior secured notes due 2023 (the “Second Lien Notes”).

CPLV borrowed $2,200.0 million from third parties, including $1,550.0 million of asset-level real estate mortgage financing (the “CPLV CMBS Debt”) and three tranches of mezzanine debt in the aggregate principal amount of $650.0 million (the “CPLV Mezzanine Debt”). The junior tranche of the CPLV Mezzanine Debt in the aggregate amount of $250.0 million will automatically be exchanged for 17.6 million shares of our common stock on November 6, 2017 (the “Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion”, and together with the Mandatory Preferred Conversion, the “Mandatory Conversions”), and will represent approximately 7.2% of the outstanding common stock following the Mandatory Conversions. The cash proceeds from the CPLV CMBS Debt and CPLV Mezzanine Debt were distributed to certain creditors of CEOC under the Plan of Reorganization.

 



 

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The table below shows the amount of debt and Series A preferred stock outstanding on the Effective Date prior to and after giving effect to the Mandatory Conversions.

 

Debt / Security

   Prior to Mandatory
Conversions
     After Mandatory
Conversions
 

CPLV Debt

   $ 2,200.0 million      $ 1,950.0 million  

Term Loans and First Lien Notes

     1,950.1 million        1,950.1 million  

Second Lien Notes

     766.9 million        766.9 million  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Debt

     4,917.0 million        4,667.0 million  

Series A Preferred Stock (liquidation preference)

     300.0 million        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Debt and Preferred Stock

   $ 5,217.0 million      $ 4,667.0 million  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe the following strengths effectively position us to execute our business plan and growth strategies:

Premier portfolio of high-quality gaming, hospitality and entertainment assets with significant underlying value.

Our portfolio features Caesars Palace and market-leading regional properties with significant scale. Our properties are well-maintained and leased to leading brands, such as Caesars, Horseshoe, Harrah’s and Bally’s. These brands drive loyalty and value with guests through superior service and products and continuous innovation. Our portfolio benefits from its strong mix of demand generators, including casinos, guest rooms, restaurants, entertainment facilities, bars and night clubs and convention space. We believe our properties are well insulated from incremental competition as a result of high replacement costs, as well as regulatory restrictions and long-lead times for new development. The high quality of our assets appeal to a broad base of customers, stimulating traffic and visitation.

Our portfolio is anchored by Caesars Palace, which is located at the center of the Strip. We believe Las Vegas is one of the most attractive travel destinations in the United States, with a record 42.9 million visitors in 2016, according to the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority. We believe Las Vegas is a market characterized by steady economic growth and high consumer and business demand with limited new supply. Caesars Palace, which is one of the most iconic gaming facilities in Las Vegas, features gaming entertainment, a large-scale hotel, extensive food and beverage options, state-of-the-art convention facilities, retail outlets and entertainment showrooms. Caesars Palace continues to benefit from positive macroeconomic trends, including record visitation levels in 2016, and strong convention attendance, hotel occupancy and average daily rates, among other key indicators.

Our portfolio also includes market-leading regional resorts that are benefitting from significant invested capital over recent years. The regional properties we own include award-winning land-based and dockside casinos, hotels and entertainment facilities that are market leaders within their respective regions. The properties operate primarily under the Caesars, Harrah’s, Horseshoe and Bally’s names, which have market-leading brand recognition. Under the terms of the Lease Agreements (subject to decrease in the event a facility is no longer subject to any of the Lease Agreements), CEOC is required to continue to invest materially in these properties (i) annually, in a minimum amount of (x) $100.0 million in capital expenditures across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us, and (y) with respect to the properties leased from us in particular, 1% of the actual revenue generated by such properties, and, (ii) every period of three calendar years, in a minimum amount of (x) $495.0 million in capital expenditures across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us, subject

 



 

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to certain caps applicable to certain of CEOC’s assets, and (y) $350.0 million in capital expenditures across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us but excluding certain of CEOC’s assets, and allocated amongst our properties as described under “Business—Relationship Between VICI REIT and CEOC and CEC —Lease Agreements.” We believe these capital expenditures will enhance the value of our portfolio.

Our long-term Lease Agreements provide a highly predictable base level of rent with embedded growth potential.

We expect our properties will have a 100% occupancy rate under our long-term triple-net Lease Agreements with CEOC and/or its subsidiaries, providing us with a highly predictable level of rent revenue to support meaningful future cash distributions to our shareholders. We have entered into a lease agreement for the Caesars Palace facilities (“CPLV Lease Agreement”), a lease agreement (“Non-CPLV Lease Agreement”) for our regional properties (other than the facilities in Joliet, Illinois (the “Joliet facilities”)) and a lease agreement for the Joliet facilities (“Joliet Lease Agreement”).

CEOC is generally not permitted to remove individual properties from the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and has the right, following certain casualty events or condemnations, to terminate the respective Lease Agreement with respect to affected properties. Nearly all of our properties are established assets with extensive records of performance. Based on historical performance of the properties, we expect that collectively the properties will generate sufficient revenues for CEOC to pay rent under the Lease Agreements even if operating revenues were to decline. As further described below, CEOC’s payments under the Lease Agreements are fully guaranteed by CEC, which provides additional credit support.

Under the terms of the Lease Agreements, CEOC is primarily responsible for ongoing costs relating to our properties, including property taxes, insurance, and maintenance and repair costs that arise from the use of the property. Each Lease Agreement provides for a fixed base rent for the first seven years of the lease term, contributing to the expected stability of rental revenue. In addition, each Lease Agreement contains a fixed annual rent escalator on the base rent equal to the greater of 2% and the increase in the Consumer Price Index commencing on the second year of the lease with respect to the CPLV Lease Agreement and on the sixth year of the lease with respect to the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and the Joliet Lease Agreement. The Lease Agreements provide for further growth potential following the seventh year of the leases to the extent that CEOC’s revenue generated from the facilities increases. See “Business—Relationship Between VICI REIT and CEOC and CEC —Lease Agreements.”

We believe our relationship with CEC and CEOC, including our contractual agreements, will continue to drive significant benefits and mutual alignment of strategic interests in the future.

CEC guarantees the payment obligations of CEOC under the Lease Agreements.

All of our existing properties are leased to CEOC and/or subsidiaries of CEOC. CEOC is a subsidiary of CEC, a large and diversified casino-entertainment company in the United States. CEC guarantees the obligations of CEOC under the Lease Agreements pursuant to management and lease support agreements (the “Management and Lease Support Agreements”). CEC operates a nationally-recognized portfolio of brands, including Caesars, Harrah’s, Horseshoe and Bally’s, and operates its portfolio of properties (including the properties that were transferred to us on the Effective Date) using the Total Rewards® customer loyalty program. Core to CEC’s cross-market strategy, the Total Rewards program is designed to encourage CEC’s customers to direct a larger share of their entertainment spending to CEC. According to the registration statement on Form S-4 filed by CEC with the SEC on March 13, 2017 and amended on June 20, 2017, for and as of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and for and as of the year ended December 31, 2016, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the Restructuring and CEC’s merger with Caesars Acquisition Company, which occurred on the Effective Date, CEC

 



 

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would have generated revenue of approximately $2,047.0 million and $8,426.0 million, respectively, and would have had cash and cash equivalents of $1,217.0 million and $1,357.0 million, respectively.

Flexible UPREIT Structure

We operate through an umbrella partnership, commonly referred to as an UPREIT structure, in which substantially all of our assets (other than our golf courses) are held by, and our operations (other than the golf course operations) are conducted through, our Operating Partnership. Conducting business through our Operating Partnership allows us flexibility in the manner in which we structure and acquire properties. In particular, an UPREIT structure enables us to acquire additional properties from sellers in exchange for limited partnership units, which provides property owners the opportunity to defer the tax consequences that would otherwise arise from a sale of their real properties and other assets to us. As a result, this structure potentially may facilitate our acquisition of assets in a more efficient manner and may allow us to acquire assets that the owner would otherwise be unwilling to sell because of tax considerations. Although we have no current plan or intention to use limited partnership units in the Operating Partnership as consideration for properties we acquire, we believe that the flexibility to do so provides us an advantage in seeking future acquisitions.

Business and Growth Strategies

We intend to establish our company as a preeminent REIT, creating long term total returns for our shareholders through the payment of consistent cash dividends and the growth of our cash flow and asset base. The strategies we intend to execute to achieve this goal include:

Producing stable income with an internal growth profile.

We derive our revenues from long-term contractual cash flows pursuant to our Lease Agreements, which include a fixed annual rent escalator on the base rent equal to the greater of 2% and the increase in the Consumer Price Index commencing on the second year of the lease with respect to the CPLV Lease Agreement and on the sixth year of the lease with respect to the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and the Joliet Lease Agreement. We expect this escalator to provide the opportunity for stable long-term growth, which will result in the base rent under the Lease Agreements growing from an aggregate of $630.0 million in the first year of the Lease Agreements to an aggregate of approximately $670.0 million in the seventh year of the Lease Agreements. In addition, the Lease Agreements include periodic variable rent resets after year seven and year ten, respectively, based on CEOC’s revenue generated from the facilities at such time, enabling us to benefit from future revenue growth at the properties. See “Business—Relationship between VICI REIT and CEOC and CEC—Lease Agreement.”

Pursuing opportunities to acquire properties under option agreements from subsidiaries of CEC.

We have the opportunity to acquire three properties from Caesars Entertainment Resort Properties, LLC (“CERP”) and Caesars Growth Partners, LLC (“CGP”), subsidiaries of CEC, pursuant to call right agreements (the “Call Right Agreements”) we entered into on the Effective Date. The Call Right Agreements provide us with a period of five years from the Effective Date to exercise the call rights with respect to the option properties. The properties subject to the Call Right Agreements are:

 

    Harrah’s Atlantic City. Harrah’s Atlantic City is an integrated hotel and resort located in the Marina district of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Harrah’s Atlantic City has approximately 155,000 square feet of gaming space, approximately 2,600 hotel rooms and suites, and 12 major food and beverage and nightlife outlets. Additionally, it has approximately 125,000 square feet of meeting and event space that opened in 2015.

 



 

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    Harrah’s New Orleans. Harrah’s New Orleans is an integrated destination hotel and casino strategically located in downtown New Orleans near the French Quarter, Mississippi Riverfront, Superdome and New Orleans convention center. It has approximately 125,000 square feet of gaming space, approximately 450 hotel rooms and suites, and 15 major food and beverage and nightlife outlets. Additionally, it has approximately 47,000 square feet of meeting and event space.

 

    Harrah’s Laughlin. Harrah’s Laughlin is an integrated hotel and resort located on the banks of the Colorado River in Laughlin, Nevada. It has approximately 56,000 square feet of gaming space, approximately 1,500 hotel rooms and suites, and 11 major food and beverage and nightlife outlets.

Accessing similar domestic acquisition opportunities in the future from properties that CEC and/or CEOC may acquire or develop in the future.

On the Effective Date, we entered into a right of first refusal agreement (the “Right of First Refusal Agreement”) containing a right of first refusal in our favor, pursuant to which we will have the right to own any domestic gaming facility located outside of the Gaming Enterprise District of Clark County, Nevada, or Greater Las Vegas, proposed to be owned or developed by CEC and/or CEOC or its subsidiaries, subject to certain exclusions. Our right of first refusal will terminate if the Management and Lease Support Agreements, which we entered into in conjunction with the Lease Agreements, have been terminated by us, or with our consent, and CEC (or an affiliate thereof) is otherwise no longer managing the facilities. The Right of First Refusal Agreement also contains a right of first refusal in favor of CEC and CEOC, pursuant to which CEC and CEOC have the right to lease and manage any domestic gaming facility located outside of the Gaming Enterprise District of Clark County, Nevada, or Greater Las Vegas, proposed to be owned or developed by us, subject to certain exclusions, including any transaction structured by the seller as a sale-leaseback. We may also enter into transactions with CEC and/or CEOC in addition to the ones covered by the Right of First Refusal Agreement.

Improving existing undeveloped land for future expansion.

Our portfolio includes approximately 55 acres of undeveloped land adjacent to the Strip. This land benefits from its prime location and the limited availability of desirable land in proximity to the Strip. This land provides opportunities for future expansion and development opportunities in the gaming, hospitality and entertainment industries.

We may actively seek to further diversify our portfolio through acquisitions of gaming, hospitality and entertainment related properties from entities unaffiliated with CEC and through opportunistic acquisitions of non-gaming assets and other attractive triple-net lease opportunities.

In addition to the properties we may acquire from CEC from time to time in the future, we may also actively seek to identify additional gaming, hospitality and entertainment-related properties for potential acquisition from entities unaffiliated with CEC, as well as, non-gaming assets and other attractive triple-net lease opportunities. We may choose to selectively grow our portfolio through the acquisition of assets that contribute to our tenant and geographic diversification, that can be leased subject to long-term leases with tenants with established operating histories, and that can provide stable cash flows, consistent with our properties.

Our properties include mixed-use assets with casino, hospitality, retail, dining, entertainment, convention and other components. We may seek opportunities to acquire hospitality and entertainment-related assets, and pursue other attractive triple-net lease acquisitions that may be available in other sectors, and that will complement our portfolio and contribute to our diversification.

We will evaluate potential acquisition opportunities based on customary factors, including sustainability of cash flows, purchase price, expected financial performance, physical features, geographic market, location and

 



 

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opportunity for future value enhancement and will continue to pursue similarly advantageous lease arrangements. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business Following the Restructuring—A substantial portion of our cash will be used to satisfy our debt service obligations and our distribution obligations to maintain our status as a REIT and avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, limiting our ability to pursue our growth strategy” and “—Our pursuit of investments in, and acquisitions or development of, additional properties may be unsuccessful or fail to meet our expectations.”

Our Properties

The following table summarizes certain features of the properties we own, all as of June 30, 2017.

 

     Location      Type of Facility     Approximate
Structure

Square Footage
     Hotel
Rooms
 

Bally’s Atlantic City

     Atlantic City, NJ        Land-based casino       2,546,500        1,250  

Bluegrass Downs

     Paducah, KY        Horserace track       184,500        —    

Caesars Atlantic City

     Atlantic City, NJ        Land-based casino       3,631,700        1,140  

Caesars Palace Las Vegas

     Las Vegas, NV        Land-based casino       8,578,900        3,980  

Harrah’s Gulf Coast

     Biloxi, MS        Land-based casino       1,030,500        500  

Harrah’s Louisiana Downs

     Bossier City, LA       

Land-based casino
and thoroughbred
racing
 
 
 
    1,118,300        —    

Harrah’s Council Bluffs

     Council Bluffs, IA        Dockside gaming       790,400        250  

Harrah’s Joliet (1)

     Joliet, IL        Dockside gaming       1,011,500        200  

Harrah’s Lake Tahoe

     Stateline, NV        Land-based casino       1,057,300        510  

Harrah’s Metropolis

     Metropolis, IL        Dockside gaming       473,500        260  

Harrah’s North Kansas City

     North Kansas City, MO        Dockside gaming       1,435,200        390  

Harrah’s Reno

     Reno, NV        Land-based casino       1,371,400        930  

Harvey’s Lake Tahoe

     Lake Tahoe, NV        Land-based casino       1,669,800        740  

Horseshoe Bossier City

     Bossier City, LA       

Casino boat

(permanently moored)

 

 

    1,418,700        600  

Horseshoe Council Bluffs

     Council Bluffs, IA        Land-based casino       632,200        —    

Horseshoe Hammond

     Hammond, IN        Dockside gaming       1,715,900        —    

Horseshoe Southern Indiana

     Elizabeth, IN        Casino boat       2,510,600        500  

Horseshoe Tunica

     Robinsonville, MS        Dockside gaming       1,007,600        510  

Tunica Roadhouse

     Tunica Resorts, MS        Dockside gaming       224,900        130  

Cascata Golf Course

     Boulder City, NV        Golf course       37,000        —    

Chariot Run Golf Course

     Laconia, IN        Golf course       5,000        —    

Grand Bear Golf Course

     Saucier, MS        Golf course       5,000        —    

Rio Secco Golf Course

     Henderson, NV        Golf course       30,000        —    
       

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

          32,486,400        11,890  

 

(1) Owned by Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC, a joint venture of which VICI PropCo is the 80% owner and the managing member.

Our Relationship with CEOC and CEC

Following completion of the Restructuring, we continue to maintain certain business relationships with CEOC and CEC. In connection with the Restructuring, we entered into, among others, the following agreements: (1) Lease Agreements; (2) Management and Lease Support Agreements; (3) the Right of First Refusal Agreement; (4) Call Right Agreements pertaining to each of Harrah’s Atlantic City, Harrah’s New Orleans, and

 



 

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Harrah’s Laughlin; (5) a golf course use agreement pursuant to which CEC and its subsidiaries have the right to priority use on behalf of its clientele of each of the four golf courses we own and operate (the “Golf Course Use Agreement”); and (6) a tax matters agreement that addresses matters relating to the payment of taxes and entitlement to tax refunds by CEC, CEOC, the Operating Partnership and us (the “Tax Matters Agreement”). See “Business—Relationship Between VICI REIT and CEOC and CEC.”

UPREIT—Operating Partnership Structure

We operate through an UPREIT structure. We own all the common units and Series A preferred units of our Operating Partnership. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, VICI Properties GP LLC, is the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership, we have the exclusive power under the partnership agreement to manage and conduct our business and affairs. Substantially all of our assets are held by, and our operations are conducted through, our Operating Partnership. The only portion of our assets and operations not held by, or conducted through, our Operating Partnership are our golf course operations, consisting of four golf courses, which are held by our wholly-owned subsidiary, VICI Golf LLC, our taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). At the Effective Date, our wholly-owned subsidiary, VICI PropCo entered into senior secured credit facilities and issued the Term Loans, the First Lien Notes and the Second Lien Notes, and our wholly-owned subsidiaries, CPLV and its direct and indirect special purpose parents, borrowed the CPLV CMBS Debt and the CPLV Mezzanine Debt. In the future, our Operating Partnership may form other subsidiaries, which would be sister companies of VICI PropCo, to hold other assets and such subsidiaries may arrange for independent financing.

While limited partners of the Operating Partnership will not have a direct or indirect ownership interest in the TRS, limited partners holding common units in the Operating Partnership will be entitled to receive additional distributions from the Operating Partnership on a pro rata basis and in preference to VICI REIT equal to an amount that is proportional to the dividends paid by VICI REIT to its stockholders from distributions that VICI REIT has received from the TRS. As a result, limited partners of the Operating Partnership would receive the same distribution per common unit as the dividend per share of common stock of VICI REIT. Using this structure may give us an advantage in acquiring real estate properties from persons who may not otherwise be willing to sell their properties to us because of unfavorable tax consequences. Generally, a sale or contribution of property directly to a REIT is a taxable transaction to the selling property owner. Given our Operating Partnership structure, a property owner who desires to defer taxable gain on the transfer of the owner’s property may contribute the property to our Operating Partnership in exchange for common and/or preferred units in our Operating Partnership which may, subject to the terms of the operating partnership agreement, be exchanged for cash or shares of our common stock or preferred stock, as applicable on a one-for-one basis on or after the date that is the later of (x) the twelve-month anniversary of a limited partner first becoming a holder of common units of the Operating Partnership, and (y) the twelve-month anniversary following the date that we are first subject to the public reporting obligations under the Exchange Act.

 



 

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The following diagram depicts our ownership structure as of the Effective Date giving effect to the Mandatory Conversions. Connecting lines indicate 100% ownership of voting securities. This chart is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not show all of our legal entities.

 

LOGO

 



 

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Summary of Risks Factors

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Any of the factors set forth under “Risk Factors” may limit our ability to successfully execute our business strategy. You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this registration statement and, in particular, should evaluate the specific factors set forth under “Risk Factors” in deciding whether to invest in our common stock. Among these important risks are the following:

 

    our dependence on CEOC as tenant of our properties and CEC as guarantor of the lease payments and the consequences any material adverse effect on their businesses could have on our business;

 

    the dilutive effects of the Mandatory Conversions, which will occur on November 6, 2017;

 

    our dependence on the gaming industry;

 

    our ability to pursue our growth strategies may be limited by our substantial debt service requirements and by the requirement that we distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income in order to maintain our status as a REIT and that we distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income in order to avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes;

 

    the impact of extensive regulation from gaming and other regulatory authorities;

 

    the possibility that CEOC may choose not to renew the Lease Agreements following the initial or subsequent terms of the leases;

 

    restrictions on our ability to sell our properties included in the Lease Agreements;

 

    our substantial amount of indebtedness and ability to refinance such indebtedness;

 

    the shares of our common stock are not currently listed on a securities exchange and there is no guarantee as to when they will be listed;

 

    our inability to make the changes necessary to operate as a stand-alone company primarily focused on owning a portfolio of gaming properties;

 

    our inability to achieve the benefits that the Debtors expected to achieve from the separation of the Debtors into CEOC and our company;

 

    our historical and pro forma financial information may not be reliable indicators of future results;

 

    the failure of our separation from CEOC to qualify as a tax-free spin-off, which could subject us to significant tax liabilities;

 

    our inability to maintain our status as a REIT, which would subject us to U.S. federal income tax as a regular corporation; and

 

    our reliance on distributions received from our Operating Partnership to make distributions to our stockholders due to our being a holding company.

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer of our Common Stock

Subject to certain exceptions, our charter provides that no person or group may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of applicable attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), with respect to any class or series of our capital stock, more than 9.8% (in value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of such class or series of our capital stock, which we refer to as the “ownership limit,” and imposes certain other restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock. Our board may provide exceptions to the ownership limit for stockholders, subject to certain initial and ongoing conditions designed to protect our status as a REIT.

 



 

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Our charter also prohibits any person from, among other things:

 

    owning shares of our stock that, if effective, would cause us to constructively own more than 9.8% of the ownership interests, assets or net profits in (i) any of our tenants or (ii) any tenant of one of our direct or indirect subsidiaries, to the extent such ownership would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT;

 

    owning shares of our stock that would result in our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT; and

 

    transferring shares of our stock if the transfer would result in shares of our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons.

Any attempted transfer of our stock that, if effective, would result in violation of the above limitations or the ownership limit (except for a transfer which results in shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons, in which case such transfer will be void ab initio and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such shares) will cause the number of shares causing the violation, rounded up to the nearest whole share, to be automatically transferred to a trustee, appointed by us, as trustee of a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries designated by the trustee, and the intended transferee will not acquire any rights in the shares. These restrictions are intended to assist with our REIT compliance under the Code. See “Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”

In addition to the restrictions set forth above, our outstanding shares of capital stock are held subject to applicable gaming laws. Any person owning or controlling at least 5% of the outstanding shares of any class of our capital stock is required to promptly notify us of such person’s identity. Our charter provides that any shares of our capital stock that are owned or controlled by an unsuitable person (as defined in the charter) or an affiliate of an unsuitable person are redeemable by us, out of funds legally available for that redemption, to the extent required by the gaming authorities making the determination of unsuitability or to the extent determined to be necessary or advisable by our board of directors. From and after the redemption date, the securities will not be considered outstanding and all rights of the unsuitable person or affiliate with respect to such shares will cease, other than the right to receive the redemption price. Our charter provides that the redemption right is not exclusive and that our capital stock that is owned or controlled by an unsuitable person or an affiliate of an unsuitable person may also be transferred to a trust for the benefit of a designated charitable beneficiary, and that any such unsuitable person or affiliate will not be entitled to any dividends on the shares or be entitled to vote the shares or receive any proceeds from the subsequent sale of the shares in excess of the lesser of the price paid by the unsuitable person or affiliate for the shares or the amount realized from the sale. See “Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered—Redemption of Securities Owned or Controlled by an Unsuitable Person or Affiliate.”

Our Tax Status

We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2017, and expect to continue to operate in a manner that will allow us to continue to be classified as such. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, various complex requirements under the Code, relating to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition and value of our assets, our distribution levels and the diversity of ownership of our shares. Further, in order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute any “earnings and profits,” as defined in the Code, that are allocated from CEOC to us in connection with the spin-off transaction by the end of the first taxable year in which we elect REIT status (the “purging distribution”). Based on analysis of CEOC’s earnings and profits, we currently do not expect to have any earnings and profits allocated to us in connection with the spin-off and therefore do not currently expect to be required to make a purging distribution.

 



 

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We believe that we are organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and that our intended manner of operation enables us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.

The Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) issued a private letter ruling with respect to certain issues relevant to the separation from CEOC and our qualification as a REIT. Although we may generally rely upon the ruling, subject to the completeness and accuracy of the representations made to the IRS, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge our qualification as a REIT on the basis of other issues or facts outside the scope of the ruling.

So long as we qualify to be taxed as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our net REIT taxable income that we distribute currently to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify to be taxed as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and would be precluded from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year during which we lost our REIT qualification. Even if we qualify to be taxed as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income or property, and the income of TRS and any other taxable REIT subsidiary of ours will be subject to taxation at regular corporate rates.

The Code generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it distributes annually less than 100% of its REIT taxable income including capital gains. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code and to avoid paying entity level tax. If our operations do not generate sufficient cash flow to allow us to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements, we may be required to fund distributions from working capital, pay a portion in shares, borrow funds, sell assets or reduce such distributions.

Corporate Information

We are headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada. Our principal executive offices are located at 8329 W. Sunset Road, Suite 210, Las Vegas, NV 89113 and our main telephone number at that location is (702) 820-3800. Our website address is www.viciproperties.com. None of the information on, or accessible through, our website or any other website identified herein is incorporated into this registration statement.

 



 

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Summary Pro Forma Financial Data

The following unaudited summary pro forma combined condensed balance sheet data of VICI REIT as of June 30, 2017, give effect to the Restructuring as if it had occurred on June 30, 2017, and the following unaudited summary pro forma combined condensed statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2016 give effect to the Restructuring as if it had occurred on January 1, 2016, in each case, without giving effect to the Mandatory Conversions. See “—The Restructuring.”

The following summary financial data does not reflect the financial position or results of operations of VICI REIT for the periods indicated. The assumptions used and pro forma adjustments derived from such assumptions are based on currently available information, and in many cases are based on estimates and preliminary information. We believe such assumptions are reasonable under the circumstances and reflect the best currently available estimates and judgments. However, the pro forma financial information may not be indicative of our future performance and does not necessarily reflect what our financial position and results of operations would have been had the Restructuring occurred at the beginning of the period presented.

The following tables should be read in conjunction with “Selected Historical Combined Financial Data,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Financial Information,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statements included elsewhere in this registration statement.

 

     Six Months Ended
June 30, 2017
    Year Ended
December 31, 2016
 
     (in thousands, except share data)  

Income statement data:

    

Revenues

   $ 383,748     $ 762,584  

Total operating expenses

     (39,202     (77,905
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income

     344,546       684,679  

Interest expense, net

     (123,748     (247,503
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     220,798       437,176  

Provision for income taxes

     (1,828     (3,223
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 218,970     $ 433,953  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive securities

    

Basic and diluted

     246,224,886       242,440,536  

Basic and diluted earnings per common share

     0.89       1.79  

Other operating data:

    

FFO (1)

   $ 218,970     $ 433,953  

AFFO (1)

     196,527       388,950  

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

     322,103       639,676  

Balance sheet data (as of period end):

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 56,700    

Total assets

     8,357,450    

Long-term debt

     4,917,000    

Redeemable preferred stock

     758,814    

Shareholders’ equity

     2,676,543    

 

(1)

FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA are not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. These are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be construed as alternatives to net income or as an indicator

 



 

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  of operating performance (as determined in accordance with GAAP). We believe FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA provide a meaningful perspective of the underlying operating performance of our business.

FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that is considered a supplemental measure for the real estate industry and a supplement to GAAP measures. Consistent with the definition used by NAREIT, we define FFO as net income (or loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property plus real estate depreciation. We define AFFO as FFO adjusted for direct financing lease adjustments and other depreciation (which is comprised of the depreciation related to our golf course operations). We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income as adjusted for gains (or losses) from sales of property, real estate depreciation, direct financing lease adjustments, other depreciation (which is comprised of the depreciation related to our golf course operations), provision for income taxes and interest expense, net.

Because not all companies calculate FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA in the same way as we do and other companies may not perform such calculation, those measures as used by other companies may not be consistent with the way we calculate such measures and should not be considered as alternative measures of operating profit or net income. Our presentation of these measures does not replace the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP.

The following table reconciles pro forma net income to FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:

 

     Six Months Ended
June 30, 2017
     Year Ended
December 31, 2016
 
     (in thousands)  

Net income

   $ 218,970      $ 433,953  

Real estate depreciation

     —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

FFO

     218,970        433,953  

Direct financing lease adjustments (a)

     (23,679      (47,476

Other depreciation (b)

     1,236        2,473  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

AFFO

   $ 196,527      $ 388,950  

Interest expense, net

     123,748        247,503  

Provision for income taxes

     1,828        3,223  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

   $ 322,103      $ 639,676  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (a) Represents the non-cash adjustment to recognize fixed amounts due under the Lease Agreements on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the terms of the leases.
  (b) Represents depreciation related to our golf course operations.

 



 

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Our Company

We are an owner, acquirer and developer of gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations. Our national, geographically diverse portfolio consists of 19 market-leading properties, including Caesars Palace, one of the most iconic gaming facilities in the Strip. We also own and operate four golf courses located near certain of our properties, two in close proximity to Caesars Palace. Our properties, other than our golf courses, are leased to leading brands that drive loyalty and value with guests through superior service and products and continuous innovation. Across more than 32.5 million square feet, our well-maintained properties are located in nine states, contain nearly 12,000 hotel rooms and feature over 150 restaurants, bars and nightclubs. Our portfolio also includes approximately 55 acres of undeveloped land adjacent to the Strip.

We are one of the largest specialty REITs in the United States with $383.7 million and $762.6 million of revenue, $219.0 million and $434.0 million of net income and $322.1 million and $639.7 million of Adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2016, respectively, in each case on a pro forma basis giving effect to the Restructuring. For a definition of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to net income, in each case on a pro forma basis giving effect to the Restructuring, see “Summary—Summary Pro Forma Financial Data.”

We believe we have a mutually beneficial relationship with CEC, a large and diversified casino-entertainment company in the United States, and its subsidiary CEOC. Our long-term triple-net Lease Agreements with CEOC and/or its subsidiaries provide us with a highly predictable revenue stream with embedded growth potential. We believe our geographic diversification limits the effect of changes in any one market on our overall performance. We are focused on driving long-term total returns through diligent asset management and strategic capital allocation, maintaining a highly productive tenant base, capitalizing on strategic development and redevelopment opportunities, and optimizing our capital structure to support opportunistic growth.

Our portfolio is competitively positioned and well-maintained. Pursuant to the terms of the Lease Agreements, which require CEOC to invest materially in our properties, and in line with its commitment to build guest loyalty, we anticipate CEOC will continue to make strategic value-enhancing investments in our properties over time, helping to maintain their market-leading positions. In addition, given our scale and deep industry knowledge, we believe we are well positioned to be able to execute highly complementary single-asset and portfolio acquisitions to support growth. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business Following the Restructuring—A substantial portion of our cash will be used to satisfy our debt service obligations and our distribution obligations to maintain our status as a REIT and avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, limiting our ability to pursue our growth strategy.”

We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2017. We believe our election of REIT status combined with the income generation of our Lease Agreements will enhance our ability to pay dividends, providing investors with current income as well as long-term growth.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe the following strengths effectively position us to execute our business plan and growth strategies:

Premier portfolio of high-quality gaming, hospitality and entertainment assets with significant underlying value.

Our portfolio features Caesars Palace and market-leading regional properties with significant scale. Our properties are well-maintained and leased to leading brands, such as Caesars, Horseshoe, Harrah’s and Bally’s.

 

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These brands drive loyalty and value with guests through superior service and products and continuous innovation. Our portfolio benefits from its strong mix of demand generators, including casinos, guest rooms, restaurants, entertainment facilities, bars and night clubs and convention space. We believe our properties are well insulated from incremental competition as a result of high replacement costs, as well as regulatory restrictions and long-lead times for new development. The high quality of our assets appeal to a broad base of customers, stimulating traffic and visitation.

Our portfolio is anchored by Caesars Palace, which is located at the center of the Strip. We believe Las Vegas is one of the most attractive travel destinations in the United States, with a record 42.9 million visitors in 2016, according to the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority. We believe Las Vegas is a market characterized by steady economic growth and high consumer and business demand with limited new supply. Caesars Palace, which is one of the most iconic gaming facilities in Las Vegas, features gaming entertainment, a large-scale hotel, extensive food and beverage options, state-of-the-art convention facilities, retail outlets and entertainment showrooms. Caesars Palace continues to benefit from positive macroeconomic trends, including record visitation levels in 2016, and strong convention attendance, hotel occupancy and average daily rates, among other key indicators.

Our portfolio also includes market-leading regional resorts that are benefitting from significant invested capital over recent years. The regional properties we own include award-winning land-based and dockside casinos, hotels and entertainment facilities that are market leaders within their respective regions. The properties operate primarily under the Caesars, Harrah’s, Horseshoe and Bally’s names, which have market-leading brand recognition. Under the terms of the Lease Agreements (subject to decrease in the event a facility is no longer subject to any of the Lease Agreements), CEOC is required to continue to invest materially in these properties (i) annually, in a minimum amount of (x) $100.0 million in capital expenditures across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us, and (y) with respect to the properties leased from us in particular, 1% of the actual revenue generated by such properties, and, (ii) every period of three calendar years, in a minimum amount of (x) $495.0 million in capital expenditures across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us, subject to certain caps applicable to certain of CEOC’s assets, and (y) $350.0 million in capital expenditures across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us but excluding certain of CEOC’s assets, and allocated amongst our properties as described under “—Relationship Between VICI REIT and CEOC and CEC—Lease Agreements.” We believe these capital expenditures will enhance the value of our portfolio.

Our long-term Lease Agreements provide a highly predictable base level of rent with embedded growth potential.

We expect our properties will have a 100% occupancy rate under our long-term triple-net Lease Agreements with CEOC and/or its subsidiaries, providing us with a highly predictable level of rent revenue to support meaningful future cash distributions to our shareholders. We have entered into the CPLV Lease Agreement, the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and the Joliet Lease Agreement.

CEOC is generally not permitted to remove individual properties from the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and has the right, following certain casualty events or condemnations, to terminate the respective Lease Agreement with respect to affected properties. Nearly all of our properties are established assets with extensive records of performance. Based on historical performance of the properties, we expect that collectively the properties will generate sufficient revenues for CEOC to pay rent under the Lease Agreements even if operating revenues were to decline. As further described below, CEOC’s payments under the Lease Agreements are fully guaranteed by CEC, which provides additional credit support.

Under the terms of the Lease Agreements, CEOC is primarily responsible for ongoing costs relating to our properties, including property taxes, insurance, and maintenance and repair costs that arise from the use of the property. Each Lease Agreement provides for a fixed base rent for the first seven years of the lease term, contributing to the expected stability of rental revenue. In addition, each Lease Agreement contains a fixed

 

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annual rent escalator on the base rent equal to the greater of 2% and the increase in the Consumer Price Index commencing on the second year of the lease with respect to the CPLV Lease Agreement and on the sixth year of the lease with respect to the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and the Joliet Lease Agreement. The Lease Agreements provide for further growth potential following the seventh year of the leases to the extent that CEOC’s revenue generated from the facilities increases. See “—Relationship Between VICI REIT and CEOC and CEC—Lease Agreements.”

We believe our relationship with CEC and CEOC, including our contractual agreements, will continue to drive significant benefits and mutual alignment of strategic interests in the future.

CEC guarantees the payment obligations of CEOC under the Lease Agreements.

All of our existing properties are leased to CEOC and/or subsidiaries of CEOC. CEOC is a subsidiary of CEC, a large and diversified casino-entertainment company in the United States. CEC guarantees the obligations of CEOC under the Lease Agreements pursuant to the Management and Lease Support Agreements. CEC operates a nationally-recognized portfolio of brands, including Caesars, Harrah’s, Horseshoe and Bally’s, and operates its portfolio of properties (including the properties that were transferred to us on the Effective Date) using the Total Rewards® customer loyalty program. Core to CEC’s cross-market strategy, the Total Rewards program is designed to encourage CEC’s customers to direct a larger share of their entertainment spending to CEC. According to the registration statement on Form S-4 filed by CEC with the SEC on March 13, 2017 and amended on June 20, 2017, for and as of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and, for and as of the year ended December 31, 2016, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the Restructuring and CEC’s merger with Caesars Acquisition Company, which occurred on the Effective Date, CEC would have generated revenue of approximately $2,047.0 million and $8,426.0 million, respectively, and would have had cash and cash equivalents of $1,217.0 million and $1,357.0 million, respectively.

Flexible UPREIT Structure

We operate through an umbrella partnership, commonly referred to as an UPREIT structure, in which substantially all of our assets (other than our golf courses) are held by, and our operations (other than the golf course operations) are conducted through, our Operating Partnership. Conducting business through our Operating Partnership allows us flexibility in the manner in which we structure and acquire properties. In particular, an UPREIT structure enables us to acquire additional properties from sellers in exchange for limited partnership units, which provides property owners the opportunity to defer the tax consequences that would otherwise arise from a sale of their real properties and other assets to us. As a result, this structure potentially may facilitate our acquisition of assets in a more efficient manner and may allow us to acquire assets that the owner would otherwise be unwilling to sell because of tax considerations. Although we have no current plan or intention to use limited partnership units in the Operating Partnership as consideration for properties we acquire, we believe that the flexibility to do so provides us an advantage in seeking future acquisitions.

Business and Growth Strategies

We intend to establish our company as a preeminent REIT, creating long term total returns for our shareholders through the payment of consistent cash dividends and the growth of our cash flow and asset base. The strategies we intend to execute to achieve this goal include:

Producing stable income with an internal growth profile.

We derive our revenues from long-term contractual cash flows pursuant to our Lease Agreements, which include a fixed annual rent escalator on the base rent equal to the greater of 2% and the increase in the Consumer Price Index commencing on the second year of the lease with respect to the CPLV Lease Agreement and on the sixth year of the lease with respect to the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and the Joliet Lease Agreement. We

 

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expect this escalator to provide the opportunity for stable long-term growth, which will result in the base rent under the Lease Agreements growing from an aggregate of $630.0 million in the first year of the Lease Agreements to an aggregate of approximately $670.0 million in the seventh year of the Lease Agreements. In addition, the Lease Agreements include periodic variable rent resets after year seven and year ten, respectively, based on CEOC’s revenue generated from the facilities at such time, enabling us to benefit from future revenue growth at the properties. See “—Relationship between VICI REIT and CEOC and CEC—Lease Agreements.”

Pursuing opportunities to acquire properties under option agreements from subsidiaries of CEC.

We have the opportunity to acquire three properties from CERP and CGP, subsidiaries of CEC, pursuant to the Call Right Agreements we entered into on the Effective Date. The Call Right Agreements provide us with a period of five years from the Effective Date to exercise the call rights with respect to the option properties. The properties subject to the Call Right Agreements are:

 

    Harrah’s Atlantic City. Harrah’s Atlantic City is an integrated hotel and resort located in the Marina district of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Harrah’s Atlantic City has approximately 155,000 square feet of gaming space, approximately 2,600 hotel rooms and suites, and 12 major food and beverage and nightlife outlets. Additionally, it has approximately 125,000 square feet of meeting and event space that opened in 2015.

 

    Harrah’s New Orleans. Harrah’s New Orleans is an integrated destination hotel and casino strategically located in downtown New Orleans near the French Quarter, Mississippi Riverfront, Superdome and New Orleans convention center. It has approximately 125,000 square feet of gaming space, approximately 450 hotel rooms and suites, and 15 major food and beverage and nightlife outlets. Additionally, it has approximately 47,000 square feet of meeting and event space.

 

    Harrah’s Laughlin. Harrah’s Laughlin is an integrated hotel and resort located on the banks of the Colorado River in Laughlin, Nevada. It has approximately 56,000 square feet of gaming space, approximately 1,500 hotel rooms and suites, and 11 major food and beverage and nightlife outlets.

Accessing similar domestic acquisition opportunities in the future from properties that CEC and/or CEOC may acquire or develop in the future.

On the Effective Date, we entered into the Right of First Refusal Agreement containing a right of first refusal in our favor, pursuant to which we will have the right to own any domestic gaming facility located outside of the Gaming Enterprise District of Clark County, Nevada, or Greater Las Vegas, proposed to be owned or developed by CEC and/or CEOC or its subsidiaries, subject to certain exclusions. Our right of first refusal will terminate if the Management and Lease Support Agreements, which we entered into in conjunction with the Lease Agreements have been terminated by us, or with our consent, and CEC (or an affiliate thereof) is otherwise no longer managing the facilities. The Right of First Refusal Agreement also contains a right of first refusal in favor of CEC and CEOC, pursuant to which CEC and CEOC have the right to lease and manage any domestic gaming facility located outside of the Gaming Enterprise District of Clark County, Nevada, or Greater Las Vegas, proposed to be owned or developed by us, subject to certain exclusions, including any transaction structured by the seller as a sale-leaseback. We may also enter into transactions with CEC and/or CEOC in addition to the ones covered by the Right of First Refusal Agreement.

Improving existing undeveloped land for future expansion.

Our portfolio includes approximately 55 acres of undeveloped land adjacent to the Strip. This land benefits from its prime location and the limited availability of desirable land in proximity to the Strip. This land provides opportunities for future expansion and development opportunities in the gaming, hospitality and entertainment industries.

 

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We may actively seek to further diversify our portfolio through acquisitions of gaming, hospitality and entertainment related properties from entities unaffiliated with CEC and through opportunistic acquisitions of non-gaming assets and other attractive triple-net lease opportunities.

In addition to the properties we may acquire from CEC from time to time in the future, we may also actively seek to identify additional gaming, hospitality and entertainment-related properties for potential acquisition from entities unaffiliated with CEC, as well as non-gaming assets and other attractive triple-net lease opportunities. We may choose to selectively grow our portfolio through the acquisition of assets that contribute to our tenant and geographic diversification, that can be leased subject to long-term leases with tenants with established operating histories, and that can provide stable cash flows, consistent with our properties.

Our properties include mixed-use assets with casino, hospitality, retail, dining, entertainment, convention and other components. We may seek opportunities to acquire hospitality and entertainment-related assets, and pursue other attractive triple-net lease acquisitions that may be available in other sectors, and that will complement our portfolio and contribute to our diversification.

We will evaluate potential acquisition opportunities based on customary factors, including sustainability of cash flows, purchase price, expected financial performance, physical features, geographic market, location and opportunity for future value enhancement and will continue to pursue similarly advantageous lease arrangements. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business Following the Restructuring—A substantial portion of our cash will be used to satisfy our debt service obligations and our distribution obligations to maintain our status as a REIT and avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, limiting our ability to pursue our growth strategy” and “—Our pursuit of investments in, and acquisitions or development of, additional properties may be unsuccessful or fail to meet our expectations.”

Competition

We compete for real property investments with other REITs, gaming companies, investment companies, private equity and hedge fund investors, sovereign funds, lenders and other investors. In addition, revenues from our properties are dependent on the ability of our tenants, including CEOC, and operators to compete with other gaming operators. The operators of our properties compete on a local and regional basis for customers. The gaming industry is characterized by a high degree of competition among a large number of participants, including riverboat casinos, dockside casinos, land-based casinos, video lottery, sweepstakes and poker machines not located in casinos, Native American gaming, emerging varieties of Internet gaming and other forms of gaming in the United States.

As a landlord, we compete in the real estate market with numerous developers and owners of properties. Some of our competitors are significantly larger, have greater financial resources and lower costs of capital than we have, have greater economies of scale and have greater name recognition than we do. Increased competition will make it more challenging to identify and successfully capitalize on acquisition opportunities that meet our investment objectives. Our ability to compete is also impacted by national and local economic trends, availability of investment alternatives, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, existing laws and regulations, new legislation and population trends. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business Following the Restructuring—A substantial portion of our cash will be used to satisfy our debt service obligations and our distribution obligations to maintain our status as a REIT and avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, limiting our ability to pursue our growth strategy” and “—Our pursuit of investments in, and acquisitions or development of, additional properties may be unsuccessful or fail to meet our expectations.”

Employees

As of the Effective Date, we had approximately 140 employees. These employees are employed at our Operating Partnership or the TRS or their respective subsidiaries.

 

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Governmental Regulation and Licensing

The ownership, operation and management of gaming and racing facilities are subject to pervasive regulation. Each of our gaming and racing facilities is subject to regulation under the laws, rules, and regulations of the jurisdiction in which it is located. Gaming laws and regulations generally require gaming industry participants to:

 

    ensure that unsuitable individuals and organizations have no role in gaming operations;

 

    establish and maintain responsible accounting practices and procedures;

 

    maintain effective controls over their financial practices, including establishment of minimum procedures for internal fiscal affairs and the safeguarding of assets and revenues;

 

    maintain systems for reliable record keeping;

 

    file periodic reports with gaming regulators; and

 

    ensure that contracts and financial transactions are commercially reasonable, reflect fair market value and are arms-length transactions.

Gaming laws and regulations impact our business in two respects: (1) our ownership of land and buildings in which gaming activities are operated by CEOC (or other tenants) pursuant to the Lease Agreements (or other lease agreements); and (2) the operations of CEOC (or other tenants). Further, many gaming and racing regulatory agencies in the jurisdictions in which CEOC operates require us and our affiliates to apply for and maintain a license as a key business entity or supplier because of our status as landlord.

Our businesses and the business of CEOC (or other tenants) are also subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations in addition to gaming regulations. These laws and regulations include, but are not limited to, restrictions and conditions concerning alcoholic beverages, environmental matters, employees, health care, currency transactions, taxation, zoning and building codes and marketing and advertising. Such laws and regulations could change or could be interpreted differently in the future, or new laws and regulations could be enacted. Material changes, new laws or regulations, or material differences in interpretations by courts or governmental authorities could adversely affect our operating results.

Violations of Gaming Laws

If we, our subsidiaries or the tenants of our properties violate applicable gaming laws, our gaming licenses could be limited, conditioned, suspended or revoked by gaming authorities, and we and any other persons involved could be subject to substantial fines. Further, a supervisor or conservator can be appointed by gaming authorities to operate our gaming properties, or in some jurisdictions, take title to our gaming assets in the jurisdiction, and under certain circumstances, earnings generated during such appointment could be forfeited to the applicable jurisdictions. Furthermore, violations of laws in one jurisdiction could result in disciplinary action in other jurisdictions. As a result, violations by us of applicable gaming laws could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

Review and Approval of Transactions

Substantially all material loans, leases, sales of securities and similar financing transactions by us and our subsidiaries must be reported to and in some cases approved by gaming authorities. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries may make a public offering of securities without the prior approval of certain gaming authorities. Changes in control through merger, consolidation, stock or asset acquisitions, management or consulting agreements, or otherwise are subject to receipt of prior approval of gaming authorities. Entities seeking to acquire control of us or one of our subsidiaries must satisfy gaming authorities with respect to a variety of stringent standards prior to assuming control.

 

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Insurance

The Lease Agreements require the tenants to maintain, with financially sound and reputable insurance companies (and in certain cases subject to the right of the tenants to self-insure), insurance (subject to customary deductibles and retentions) in such amounts and against such risks as are customarily maintained by similarly situated companies engaged in the same or similar businesses operating in the same or similar locations. The Lease Agreements provide that the amount and type of insurance that CEOC had in effect as of the Effective Date satisfies for all purposes the requirements to insure the properties. However, such insurance coverage may not be sufficient to fully cover our losses.

Environmental Matters

Our properties are subject to environmental laws regulating, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges and the handling and disposal of wastes, including medical wastes. Certain of the properties we own utilize above or underground storage tanks to store heating oil for use at the properties. Other properties were built during the time that asbestos-containing building materials were routinely installed in residential and commercial structures. The Lease Agreements obligate our tenants to comply with applicable environmental laws and to indemnify us if its noncompliance results in losses or claims against us, and we expect that any future leases will include the same provisions for other operators. A tenant’s failure to comply could result in fines and penalties or the requirement to undertake corrective actions which may result in significant costs to the operator and thus adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us.

Pursuant to U.S. federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be required to investigate, remove and/or remediate a release of hazardous substances or other regulated materials at, or emanating from, such property. Further, under certain circumstances, such owners or operators of real property may be held liable for property damage, personal injury and/or natural resource damage resulting from or arising in connection with such releases. Certain of these laws have been interpreted to be joint and several unless the harm is divisible and there is a reasonable basis for allocation of responsibility. We also may be liable under certain of these laws for damage that occurred prior to our ownership of a property or at a site where we sent wastes for disposal. The failure to properly remediate a property may also adversely affect our ability to lease, sell or rent the property or to borrow funds using the property as collateral.

In connection with the ownership of our current properties and any properties that we may acquire in the future, we could be legally responsible for environmental liabilities or costs relating to a release of hazardous substances or other regulated materials at or emanating from such property. We are not aware of any environmental issues that are expected to have a material impact on the operations of any of our properties.

Relationship Between VICI REIT and CEOC and CEC

Since the Effective Date, we have been independent from CEOC and CEC. Although we lease all our gaming facilities to CEOC and/or subsidiaries of CEOC, we anticipate diversifying our portfolio over time.

To govern the ongoing relationship between us and CEOC and our respective subsidiaries, on the Effective Date, we and CEOC entered into various agreements described herein. The summaries presented below are not complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the applicable agreements, which are included as exhibits to this registration statement.

Lease Agreements

We have entered into three lease agreements with CEOC and/or its subsidiaries that govern the lease of the facilities of CPLV, the lease of our regional properties (other than the Joliet facilities) and the lease of the Joliet facilities.

 

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The payment obligations of CEOC under the Lease Agreements are guaranteed by CEC under the Management and Lease Support Agreements.

Term

Each Lease Agreement has an initial 15 year term with four five-year renewal terms exercisable at the option of the respective tenant; provided that the respective tenant shall not have the right to exercise a renewal term with respect to any particular property to the extent the term (including the initial term plus all prior and current renewal terms) would exceed 80% of such property’s remaining useful life (measured as of the effective date of the Lease Agreement). Other than upon mutual agreement, or in limited circumstances in the case of certain casualty or condemnation events, CEOC and/or its subsidiaries do not have a right to terminate the Lease Agreements. We only have the right to terminate the Lease Agreements during an event of default.

Rent

CPLV Lease Agreement. The base rent for the first seven years of the lease term is $165.0 million per year, subject to an annual escalator equal to the greater of 2% and the Consumer Price Index increase commencing on the second year of the lease term. From and after the commencement of the eighth year of the lease term until the expiration of the lease term, rent for each lease year will be (i) base rent equal to 80% of the rent for the seventh year of the lease term, subject to the annual escalator, plus (ii) (a) from the eighth to the eleventh year of the lease term, variable rent equal to 20% of the rent for the seventh year of the lease term, with such variable rent amount increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13.0% of the difference in revenue from the operations of the facilities subject to the CPLV Lease Agreement (the “CPLV facilities”) from the year prior to the first year of the lease term to the seventh year of the lease term (such resulting amount being referred to herein as “CPLV Initial Variable Rent”) and (b) from and after the commencement of the eleventh year of the lease term, variable rent equal to the CPLV Initial Variable Rent, with such variable rent amount increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13.0% of the difference in revenue from the CPLV facilities from the seventh year of the lease term to the tenth year of the lease term.

For each renewal term after the initial 15 year term, rent will be (i) base rent equal to fair market value rent and in no event less than the prior year’s base rent nor greater than 110% of the prior year’s base rent, subject thereafter to the annual escalator, and (ii) variable rent equal to the variable rent in effect for the prior year, with such variable rent increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13.0% of the difference in revenue of the CPLV facilities from the tenth year of the lease term to the fifteenth year of the lease term (with respect to the first renewal period) or from the year prior to the first year of the immediately preceding renewal term to the last year of the immediately preceding renewal term (with respect to the subsequent renewal terms). The CPLV Lease Agreement contains a mechanism by which the fair market value adjustment to base rent (for the fair market rent valuation as of the date of commencement of each applicable renewal term) will generally be determined at least 12 months prior to the commencement of the applicable renewal term.

Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. The base rent for the first seven years of the lease term is $433.3 million per year, subject to the annual escalator equal to the greater of 2% and the Consumer Price Index increase commencing on the sixth year of the lease term.

From and after the eighth year of the lease term through the tenth year of the lease term, rent for each lease year will be (i) base rent equal to 70% of the rent for the seventh year of the lease term, subject to the annual escalator, plus (ii) variable rent equal to 30% of the rent for the seventh year of the lease term, with such variable rent increased or decreased, as applicable, by 19.5% of the difference in revenue from the operations of the facilities leased to CEOC, other than the CPLV facilities and the Joliet facilities, from the year prior to the first year of the lease term to the seventh year of the lease term.

From and after the commencement of the eleventh year of the lease term until the expiration of the lease term, rent will be (i) base rent equal to 80% of the rent for the tenth year of the lease term, subject to the annual

 

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escalator, plus (ii) variable rent equal to 20% of the rent for the tenth year of the lease term, with such variable rent increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13.0% of the difference in revenue from the operations of the facilities leased to CEOC, other than the CPLV facilities and the Joliet facilities, from the seventh year of the lease term to the tenth year of the lease term.

For each renewal term after the initial 15 year term, rent will be (i) base rent equal to fair market value rent and in no event less than the prior year’s base rent nor greater than 110% of the prior year’s base rent, subject thereafter to the annual escalator, and (ii) variable rent equal to variable rent in effect for the prior year, with such variable rent increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13.0% of the difference in revenue of the facilities leased to CEOC, other than the CPLV facilities and the Joliet facilities, from the tenth year of the lease term to the fifteenth year of the lease term (with respect to the first renewal term) or from the year prior to the first year of the immediately preceding renewal term to the last year of the immediately preceding renewal term (with respect to subsequent renewal terms). The Non-CPLV Lease Agreement contains a mechanism by which the fair market value adjustment to base rent (for the fair market rent valuation as of the date of commencement of each applicable renewal term) will be determined at least 12 months prior to the commencement of the applicable renewal term.

Joliet Lease Agreement. The Joliet facilities are owned by Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC, a joint venture of which we are the 80% owner and the managing member. We are entitled to receive 80% of the rent generated by the Joliet facilities and the other member is entitled to receive the remaining 20%.

The base rent for the first seven years of the lease term is $39.6 million per year, subject to the annual escalator equal to the greater of 2% and the Consumer Price Index increase commencing on the sixth year of the lease term.

From and after the eighth year of the lease term through the tenth year of the lease term, rent for each lease year will be (i) base rent equal to 70% of the rent for the seventh year of the lease term, subject to the annual escalator, plus (ii) variable rent equal to 30% of the rent for the seventh year of the lease term, with such variable rent increased or decreased, as applicable, by 19.5% of the difference in revenue from the operations of the Joliet facilities from the year prior to the first year of the lease term to the seventh year of the lease term. From and after the commencement of the eleventh year of the lease term until the expiration of the initial lease term, rent will be (i) base rent equal to 80% of the rent for the tenth year of the lease term, subject to the annual escalator, plus (ii) variable rent equal to 20% of the rent for the tenth year of the lease term, with such variable rent increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13.0% of the difference in revenue from the operations of the Joliet facility from the seventh year of the lease term to the tenth year of the lease term. For each renewal term after the initial 15 year term, rent will be (i) base rent equal to fair market value rent and in no event less than the prior year’s base rent nor greater than 110% of the prior year’s base rent, subject thereafter to the annual escalator, and (ii) variable rent equal to the variable rent in effect for the prior year, with such variable rent increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13.0% of the difference in revenue of the Joliet facility from the tenth year of the lease term to the fifteenth year of the lease term (with respect to the first renewal term) or from the year prior to the first year of the immediately preceding renewal term to the last year of the immediately preceding renewal term (with respect to subsequent renewal terms). The Joliet Lease Agreement contains a mechanism by which the fair market value adjustment to base rent (for the fair market rent valuation as of the date of commencement of each applicable renewal term) will be determined at least 12 months prior to the commencement of the applicable renewal term.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Code provides that the amount of rent which accrues during any taxable year (and the amount of rent which is therefore deductible to the lessee and included in taxable income to the lessor) shall be made by allocating rents in accordance with the lease agreement. Applicable guidance permits a lessor and lessee to agree to a rent allocation schedule for these purposes that differs from the rent payment schedule under a lease, including a rent allocation schedule that provides for a rent holiday of up to three months and for increasing or decreasing rent generally within specified parameters. Each of the CPLV Lease Agreement,

 

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the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and the Joliet Lease Agreement will include a rent allocation schedule for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the initial 15 year term that differs from the rent payment schedule under the applicable lease which will generally result in the amount of taxable income to VICI REIT for each taxable year differing from the amount of rent received by VICI REIT during such year.

Triple Net Lease, Capital Expenditures, Material Alterations

Each of the Lease Agreements are structured as triple-net, with CEOC responsible for the taxes, insurance, maintenance and repair of the facilities. CEOC pays all rent absolutely net to us, without abatement, and unaffected by any circumstance (except in certain cases of casualty and condemnation).

In addition to CEOC’s responsibility to pay taxes, insurance and maintenance and repair expenses, in each calendar year, CEOC must satisfy both of the following requirements (A) expend a minimum of $100.0 million in capital expenditures on a collective basis across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us, which amount may be decreased under certain circumstances, such as removal of property from a Lease Agreement due to casualty or condemnation or disposition of a material property, by an amount in proportion to the EBITDAR of the property being removed or disposed of, with no more than $25.0 million incurred with respect to any services entity nor more than $10.0 million incurred in certain CEOC properties listed in the Lease Agreements, and (B) for each of the properties covered by the Lease Agreements, expend an amount equal to at least 1% of actual revenue (from the prior year) generated by the properties, as applicable, on capital expenditures that constitute installation or restoration and repair or other improvements of items with respect to the leased properties.

In addition, every period of three calendar years, CEOC must satisfy both of the following requirements: (A) expend a minimum of $495.0 million in capital expenditures across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us, with no more than $75.0 million incurred with respect to any services entity nor more than $30.0 million incurred in certain CEOC properties listed in the Lease Agreements, and (B) expend a minimum of $350.0 million in capital expenditures across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us and excluding capital expenditures for any services entity, foreign subsidiaries and unrestricted subsidiaries of CEOC, gaming equipment, corporate shared services and properties not included in the Lease Agreements. These amounts, in each case, may be decreased under the same circumstances with respect to the annual requirement. Further, with respect to the requirement to expend a minimum of $350.0 million in capital expenditures, such capital expenditures will be allocated as follows: (i) $84.0 million to the facilities covered by the CPLV Lease Agreement; (ii) $255.0 million to the facilities covered by the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and the Joliet Lease Agreement; and (iii) the balance to facilities covered by any Lease Agreement in such proportion as CEOC may elect.

In addition to customary default remedies, if CEOC does not spend the full amount of the minimum capital expenditures as required under the applicable lease, we have the right to seek the remedy of specific performance to require CEOC to spend any such unspent amount or deposit such amounts in a reserve account. CEOC’s obligations to spend the minimum capital expenditures will constitute monetary obligations included in CEC’s obligations as guarantor with respect to the Lease Agreements.

CEOC is permitted to make any alterations and improvements, including materially altering a facility, expanding a facility or developing the undeveloped land leased pursuant to the leases, except that (i) CEOC is required to obtain our consent (not to be unreasonably withheld) for any alterations with a budgeted cost in excess of $70 million and (ii) CEOC is required to obtain our consent (not to be unreasonably withheld, but subject to a reasonable economic arrangement benefitting us) to develop certain vacant land in Las Vegas, Nevada. CEOC will not be required to obtain our consent to construct a new tower at the CPLV facility, as long as CEOC satisfies all applicable conditions thereto set forth in the document governing the CPLV CMBS Debt. In addition, where the cost of the alteration exceeds $50.0 million (such activity, a “Material Alteration”), we have the right (except if CEOC is financing the same with cash) to offer to provide financing for such Material

 

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Alteration. If we decline to provide financing, or CEOC rejects our financing proposal, subject to certain conditions, CEOC may use existing available financing or seek outside financing. In such event, following expiration of the term of the lease, we will have the option to reimburse CEOC for such Material Alteration for fair market value. If we do not elect to reimburse CEOC for such Material Alteration, CEOC will, at its option, either remove the Material Alteration from the leased property and restore the leased property to the condition existing prior to such Material Alteration being constructed at CEOC’s own cost and expense prior to expiration or earlier termination of the term of the lease, or leave the Material Alteration at the leased property at the expiration or earlier termination of the term of the lease, at no cost to us. If we elect to reimburse CEOC for the Material Alteration, any amount due to CEOC for the purchase will be credited against any amounts owed by CEOC to us under the applicable lease. In certain instances (including, for example, if the applicable lease is terminated due to CEOC’s default), such Material Alterations not funded by us nevertheless will revert to us at no cost to us.

Assignment

Under the Lease Agreements, the tenant does not have the right to assign any portion of the leases. However, certain assignments are permitted, including an assignment of an entire lease to a permitted lender for collateral purposes or upon foreclosure to a lender or subsequent purchaser, an assignment to an affiliate of the tenant, to CEC or an affiliate of CEC, and, subject to certain conditions, any sublease of any portion of the premises, pursuant to a bona-fide third party transaction. In addition, certain transfers of direct and indirect interests in the tenant are permitted.

Other Terms

The Lease Agreements contain various terms and conditions related to subleasing of properties, insurance, casualty and condemnation, and other customary matters. See “—Insurance” for more information relating to insurance provisions in the Lease Agreements. The Lease Agreements also include events of default, including certain events of cross default between the Lease Agreements, except that a default under the CPLV Lease Agreement will only cause a default under the other Lease Agreements during the term of the Term Loans, First Lien Notes and Second Lien Notes and a default under the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement or Joliet Lease Agreement will not cause a default under the CPLV Lease Agreement. Among other remedies, we have the right to terminate the Lease Agreements during an event of default (subject to notice and cure periods in favor of the tenants and their lenders). The Lease Agreements also require CEOC, in the event of a termination of the agreements, to provide certain transition services to us in respect of the properties subject to the agreements for a limited time following such event.

Management and Lease Support Agreements

We have entered into a separate Management and Lease Support Agreement in connection with each Lease Agreement with CEC or a wholly-owned subsidiary of CEC serving as managers (collectively, the “Managers”). Pursuant to the Management and Lease Support Agreements, CEC guarantees CEOC’s payment obligations under the Lease Agreements and the Golf Course Use Agreement.

Term

The Management and Lease Support Agreements commenced on the Effective Date and will terminate with respect to a specific property, if such property is no longer subject to the applicable Lease Agreement. With respect to each Lease Agreement, the respective Management and Lease Support Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the date that none of the facilities covered by such Lease Agreement are subject to such lease, (ii) the date that we, CEC, the Manager and CEOC terminate the respective Management and Lease Support Agreement, (iii) the foreclosure of the leased facilities covered by such Lease Agreement where the foreclosing party elects to terminate the Management and Lease Support Agreement and (iv) the termination of the respective Lease Agreement by us as a result of certain defaults thereunder.

 

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A termination of any or all of the Management and Lease Support Agreements by CEOC or the Managers (including in the case of a rejection in bankruptcy) will not, subject to certain exceptions described below, result in the termination of CEC’s guaranty obligations under any of the Management and Lease Support Agreements.

Operations and Management

Under the Management and Lease Support Agreements, the Managers manage and operate the leased facilities. The Managers manage the facilities in their reasonable business judgment, on terms set forth in the Management and Lease Support Agreements and, in any event are required to manage (x) each facility under the Non-CPLV Lease Agreements and the Joliet Lease Agreement (i) at a standard and level of service and quality and on terms and in a manner for all of the facilities under the Non-CPLV Lease Agreements and the Joliet Lease Agreement, taken as a whole, that is not lower than the standard and level of service and quality for all of the facilities under the Non-CPLV Lease Agreements and the Joliet Lease Agreement, taken as a whole, as of the date of commencement of the Management and Lease Support Agreements, and (ii) in accordance in all material respects with the policies and programs in effect as of the date of commencement of the Management and Lease Support Agreements at each of the facilities under the Non-CPLV Lease Agreements and the Joliet Lease Agreement, with certain revisions to such policies and programs from time to time as Manager may implement in a non-discriminatory manner in the Manager’s reasonable business judgment; and (y) the CPLV facilities (i) at a standard and level of service and quality and on terms and in a manner for the CPLV facilities that is not lower than the standard and level of service and quality for the CPLV facilities as of the date of commencement of the Management and Lease Support Agreements, and (ii) in accordance in all material respects with the policies and programs in effect as of the of the date of commencement of the Management and Lease Support Agreements at the CPLV facilities with certain revisions to such policies and programs from time to time as Manager may implement in a non-discriminatory manner in the Manager’s reasonable business judgment.

All direct expenses for operating the facilities are reimbursed by CEOC and/or its subsidiaries (including, without limitation, fees and expenses allocated to the Managers and/or CEOC for the facilities under arrangements with Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC (“CES”)). The Managers will enter into separate shared services arrangements with CES (and, if necessary, any other applicable affiliates) for access to shared services (including without limitation use of the Total Rewards® customer loyalty program) for the benefit of the facilities so that the facilities can be operated, promoted and marketed consistent with, and on no less favorable terms and conditions agreed to with, any other facilities directly or indirectly owned, operated or managed by CEC (or CEC’s affiliates).

The Managers may delegate duties under the Management and Lease Support Agreements to one or more affiliates on customary terms so long as neither us nor CEOC is prejudiced thereby.

CEC Guaranty

Pursuant to the Management and Lease Support Agreements, CEC guarantees the payment and performance of all monetary obligations of CEOC and/or its subsidiaries under the Lease Agreements, subject to the following terms: (i) CEC will be liable for the full amounts of the monetary obligations owed by CEOC and/or its subsidiaries in respect of the leases (not merely for any deficiency amount), unless and until irrevocably paid in full; (ii) CEC will have no obligation to make a payment with respect to the leases unless an event of default is continuing under the Lease Agreements; (iii) if an event of default under a Lease Agreement occurs, CEC will have no obligation to make a payment (other than payments in respect of such damages to which we are entitled due to such termination pursuant to the Lease Agreements and enforcement costs), unless CEC was given notice of the applicable default (or event or circumstance that is or would become a default) of CEOC and/or its subsidiaries under the CPLV Lease Agreement or the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement, as applicable, and did not cure such default as set forth in the agreements; (iv) CEC’s and the Managers’ obligations with respect to each Management and Lease Support Agreement (including, without limitation, CEC’s guaranty obligations with

 

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respect to a Lease Agreement) will terminate in the event the applicable Lease Agreement is terminated by us expressly in writing (or with our express written consent), except to the extent of any accrued and unpaid guaranty obligations through the date of such termination and such damages to which we are entitled due to such termination pursuant to the Lease Agreements; and (v) CEC’s obligations with respect to each Management and Lease Support Agreement (including, without limitation, CEC’s guaranty obligations with respect to a Lease Agreement) will also terminate in the event (x) the Management and Lease Support Agreement is terminated by us, CEOC and/or its subsidiaries, the Manager and CEC expressly in writing (or the parties’ express written consent), (y) a replacement Lease Agreement and Management and Lease Support Agreement are entered into by us, CEC and/or its affiliates upon certain bankruptcy-related events (or if we elect in writing not to enter into such replacement agreements or such replacement agreements are not entered into as a direct and proximate result of our acts or failure to act in accordance with the Management and Lease Support Agreement provisions in respect of replacing such agreements) and (z) we terminate a Manager for cause (as defined in the Management and Lease Support Agreements) and an arbitrator appointed in accordance with the Management and Lease Support Agreements determines that cause did not exist); provided, however, that notwithstanding any of the foregoing, CEC’s guaranty obligations will continue (i) to the extent of any accrued and unpaid guaranty obligations through the date of such termination and such damages to which we are entitled due to such termination pursuant to the Lease Agreements and enforcement costs, (ii) to cover any post-termination management transition period during which Manager continues to act as manager and (iii) in all respects if the Managers are terminated for cause (as defined in the Management and Lease Support Agreements). Except as provided above, CEC’s guaranty obligations under the Management and Lease Support Agreements will not terminate for any reason.

Collateral

In the event that CEOC’s first lien debt is (i) guaranteed by CEC and such guaranty is secured by CEC’s or certain of its subsidiaries’ assets, or (ii) secured by CEC’s or certain of its subsidiaries’ assets, the collateral securing any such first lien debt of CEOC shall also secure CEC’s guaranty obligations pursuant to the Management and Lease Support Agreements on a pari passu basis with such CEOC first lien debt under the security agreement and any other related instruments securing CEOC’s first lien debt or the CEC guaranty in respect of CEOC’s first lien debt (or any CEC guaranty in respect of any refinancing thereof) in order to provide a security interest in all collateral thereunder to secure CEC’s obligations under the Management and Lease Support Agreements. Such security interest will automatically be released upon the earlier to occur of (i) the termination of the security interest granted by CEC or its subsidiaries securing CEOC’s first lien debt (or CEC’s guaranty thereof) and (ii) (x) the date on which CEC’s guaranty obligations under the Management and Lease Support Agreement have been irrevocably paid or (y) to the extent CEC’s guaranty obligation under the Management and Lease Support Agreement is terminated by the express terms of the Management and Lease Support Agreement, twelve months after such termination. Such security interest would be a “silent” security interest that provides us with a secured claim against CEC while any such CEC debt guaranty or pledge of assets remains in effect, but we will have no voting, enforcement or default related rights with respect to such debt guaranty or collateral, unless and until the earlier of (x) the occurrence of a default in respect of any of CEC’s guaranty obligations with respect to the Lease Agreements, or (y) the occurrence of an event of default that would cause the holders of CEOC’s first lien debt to take enforcement action in respect of the security interest in CEC’s or its subsidiaries’ assets, in which case we would have all rights afforded to a secured creditor with respect such assets of CEC and its subsidiary, including all rights available to holders of CEOC’s first lien. We would be a party to such security agreement and all related instruments that provide for such rights. The collateral that secures CEC’s guaranty obligations will be the same collateral that secures any such CEC debt guaranty obligations at any time, and CEC’s guaranty obligations will be secured by such collateral on a pari passu basis with such CEC debt guaranty obligations for so long as and at any time that such debt guaranty obligations are secured. CEC will cause the parties benefitting from any security interest in CEC’s or certain of its subsidiaries’ assets to enter into an intercreditor agreement containing, among other things, provisions governing the pari passu coverage of such collateral provisions and the “waterfall” by which any proceeds of, or collections on, the collateral will be distributed as between CEOC’s first lien debt and the lease guaranty obligations.

 

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CEC Covenants

The Management and Lease Support Agreements contain customary terms and waivers of all suretyship and other defenses by CEC and include a covenant by CEC requiring that (a) a sale of certain material assets by CEC be for fair market value consideration, on arm’s-length terms, and (b) non-cash dividends by CEC be permitted only to the extent such dividends would not reasonably be expected to result in CEC’s inability to perform its guaranty obligations under the Management and Lease Support Agreements.

In addition, for a period of six years, or, if earlier, (x) on the date on which CEC’s guaranty obligations under the Management and Lease Support Agreement have been irrevocably paid or (y) to the extent CEC’s guaranty obligation under the Management and Lease Support Agreement is terminated by the express terms of the Management and Lease Support Agreement, twelve months after such termination, CEC may not directly or indirectly (i) declare or pay, or cause to be declared or paid, any dividend, distribution, any other direct or indirect payment or transfer (in each case, in cash, stock, other property, a combination thereof or otherwise) with respect to any of CEC’s capital stock or other equity interests, (ii) purchase or otherwise acquire or retire for value any of CEC’s capital stock or other equity interests, or (iii) engage in any other transaction with any direct or indirect holder of CEC’s capital stock or other equity interests, which is similar in purpose or effect to those described above. However, CEC will be permitted to execute such transactions if (a) CEC’s equity market capitalization after giving pro forma effect to such dividend, distribution, or other transaction is at least $5.5 billion, (b) the amount of such dividend, distribution, or other transaction (together with any and all other such dividends and distributions and other transactions made under this clause (b) but excluding, any dividends, distributions or other transactions to be made under clause (c) below in such fiscal year), does not exceed, in the aggregate, (x) 25% of the net proceeds, up to a cap of $25 million in any fiscal year, from the disposition of assets by CEC and its subsidiaries, or (y) $100 million from other sources in any fiscal year, or (c) CEC’s equity market capitalization after giving pro forma effect to such dividend, distribution, or other transaction is at least $4.5 billion and such dividend, distribution or other transaction made under this clause (c) (excluding, any dividends, distributions or other transactions made under clause (b) above in such fiscal year) is less than or equal to $125 million per annum and is funded solely by asset sale proceeds. Similarly, for a period of six years, or, if earlier, (x) on the date on which CEC’s guaranty obligations under the Management and Lease Support Agreement have been irrevocably paid or (y) to the extent CEC’s guaranty obligation under the Management and Lease Support Agreement is terminated by the express terms of the Management and Lease Support Agreement, twelve months after such termination, except in the case of the exceptions set forth under (a) and (c) above, any net proceeds from the disposition of assets by CEC or its subsidiaries in excess of $25 million that are directly or indirectly distributed to, or otherwise received by, CEC in any fiscal year will not be used to fund any restricted payment of CEC described above in clauses (i) through (iii) above.

Right of First Refusal Agreement

The Right of First Refusal Agreement contains a right of first refusal in our favor, pursuant to which we have the right to own (and cause to be leased to, and managed by, CEC (or its affiliate or affiliates)) any domestic gaming facility located outside of the Gaming Enterprise District of Clark County, Nevada, or Greater Las Vegas, proposed to be owned or developed by CEC (and/or its subsidiaries) that is not: (i) then subject to a pre-existing lease, management agreement or other contractual restriction that was not entered into in contemplation of such acquisition or development and which (x) was entered into on arms’-length terms and (y) would not be terminated upon or prior to such transaction, (ii) a transaction for which the opco/propco structure would be prohibited by applicable laws, rules or regulations or which would require governmental consent, approval, license or authorization (unless already received), (iii) any transaction that does not consist of owning or acquiring a fee or leasehold interest in real property, (iv) a transaction in which CEC and/or its subsidiaries will not own at least 50% of, or control, the entity that will own the gaming facility, (v) a transaction in which one or more third parties will own or acquire, in the aggregate, a beneficial economic interest of at least 30% in the applicable gaming facility, and such third parties are unable, or make a bona fide, good faith refusal, to enter into the opco/propco structure, (vi) a transaction in which CEC or its subsidiaries proposes to acquire a then-existing gaming facility from CEC or its subsidiaries, and (vii) a transaction with respect to any asset remaining in CEOC and not being transferred to us

 

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in accordance with the terms of the Plan of Reorganization. If we decline to exercise our right of first refusal, the Lease Agreements will provide for the establishment of a variable rent floor applicable to any non-CPLV facility with respect to which the new facility is located within a 30-mile radius of such non-CPLV facility and outside of the Gaming Enterprise District of Clark County, Nevada. If we exercise such right, we and CEC (or its designee) will structure such transaction in a manner that allows the subject property to be owned by us and leased to CEC (or its designee). In such event, CEC (or its designee) will enter into a lease with respect to the additional property whereby (i) rent thereunder will be established based on formulas consistent with the EBITDAR coverage ratio (determined based on the prior 12 month period) with respect to the Lease Agreement then in effect and (ii) such other terms as are agreed by the parties.

The Right of First Refusal Agreement also contains a right of first refusal in favor of CEC, pursuant to which CEC will have the right to lease and manage any domestic gaming facility located outside of the Gaming Enterprise District of Clark County, Nevada, or Greater Las Vegas, proposed to be owned or developed by us that is not: (i) any asset that is then subject to a pre-existing lease, management agreement or other contractual restriction that was not entered into in contemplation of such acquisition or development and which (x) was entered into on arms’ length terms and (y) would not be terminated upon or prior to closing of such transaction, (ii) any transaction for which the opco/propco structure would be prohibited by applicable laws, rules or regulations or which would require governmental consent, approval, license or authorization (unless already received), (iii) any transaction structured by the seller as a sale-leaseback, (iv) any transaction in which we and/or our affiliates will not own at least 50% of, or control, the entity that will own the gaming facility, and (v) any transaction in which we or our affiliates propose to acquire a then-existing gaming facility from ourselves or our affiliates. If CEC (or its designee) exercises such right, we and CEC (or its designee) will structure such transaction in a manner that allows the subject property to be owned by us and leased to CEC (or its designee). In such event, CEC (or its designee) will enter into a lease with respect to the additional property whereby (i) rent thereunder will be established based on formulas consistent with the adjusted EBITDA coverage ratio (as set forth in the Right of First Refusal Agreement) with respect to the lease then in effect and (ii) such other terms as are agreed by the parties.

In the event that the foregoing rights are not exercised by us or CEC and CEOC, as applicable, each party will have the right to consummate the subject transaction without the other’s involvement, provided the same is on terms no more favorable to the counterparty than those presented to us or CEC and CEOC, as applicable, for consummating such transaction.

The rights of first refusal will not apply if (A) the Management and Lease Support Agreements have been terminated or have expired by their terms or with our consent, (B) CEC (or a subsidiary thereof) is no longer managing the facilities, or (C) a change of control occurs with respect to either CEC or us.

Call Right Agreements

The Call Right Agreements provide our Operating Partnership with the opportunity to acquire Harrah’s Atlantic City, Harrah’s New Orleans and Harrah’s Laughlin from CERP or CGP, as applicable. Our Operating Partnership can exercise the call rights within five years from the Effective Date by delivering a request to the applicable owner of the property containing evidence of our ability to finance the call right.

Upon such election, if the owner of the property determines that (i) the sale of the property would not be permitted under a debt agreement under which at least $100.0 million of indebtedness (individually or in the aggregate) is outstanding, (ii) the consummation of the call right would not be approved by the applicable gaming authorities or (iii) the property is not for any other reason deliverable to our Operating Partnership, the owner may propose one or more replacement properties and the material terms of the purchase and if such proposal is at least as economically beneficial to us as the exercise of the call right, the parties must proceed with the sale of that property.

 

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If the exercise of the call right is not permissible because a debt agreement does not permit the sale and such limitation is not resolved within one year from exercise of the right and the owner has not made an alternative proposal, or has made an alternative proposal that is not at least as economically beneficial to us as the exercise of the call right, the owner must pay us an amount equal to the value of our loss, which, as of the Effective Date, was equal to $114.0 million, $84.0 million and $62.0 million for Harrah’s Atlantic City, Harrah’s New Orleans and Harrah’s Laughlin, respectively. These amounts will increase at a rate of 8.5% per annum, with annual compounding for the period from the date of each agreement until the date on which payment of the value loss amount is made.

If the exercise of the call right is not permissible due to a reason other than because of a debt limitation (including that the sale was not approved by the gaming authorities or the failure to obtain the consent of a landlord) and the owner has not made an alternative proposal, or has made an alternative proposal that is not at least as economically beneficial to us as the exercise of the call right, then the parties must use commercially reasonable efforts to resolve the issue until the earlier of (A) one year from the date of the exercise of the call right or (B) the date on which the parties determine that there is no reasonable chance that the issue will be resolved. If the applicable issue making the transaction impermissible is not resolved by the foregoing described deadline, the owner must use commercially reasonable efforts to sell the property to an alternative purchaser for the fair market value of the property. Upon the closing of any such alternative transaction, the net cash proceeds of the sale of the property will be allocated (i) first, to owner in an amount not to exceed the purchase price that would otherwise be determined in accordance with the applicable Call Right Agreement and (ii) any excess of such amount, to us (subject to any necessary approvals from applicable gaming authorities required for owner to pay, and us to receive, such funds).

If the exercise of the call right is permissible, the parties will use good faith, commercially reasonable efforts, for a period of ninety days following the delivery of the election notice to negotiate and enter into a sale agreement and conveyance and ancillary documents with respect to the applicable property together with a leaseback agreement.

Golf Course Use Agreement

Pursuant to the Golf Course Use Agreement, the TRS granted to CEOC and CES (collectively, the “users”) certain priority rights and privileges with respect to access and use of the following golf course properties: Rio Secco (Henderson, Nevada), Cascata (Boulder City, Nevada), Chariot Run (Laconia, Indiana) and Grand Bear (Saucier, Mississippi). Pursuant to the Golf Course Use Agreement, the users are granted specific rights and privileges to the golf courses, including (i) preferred access to tee times for guests of users’ casinos and/or hotels located within the same markets as the golf courses, (ii) preferred rates for guests of users’ casinos and/or hotels located within the same markets as the golf courses, and (iii) availability for golf tournaments and events at preferred rates and discounts. In addition, the TRS is required to reserve a certain number of tee times for users’ guests on any and all dates as well as make commercially reasonable efforts to place users’ guests once the aforementioned reserved tee times have been utilized and at all other times when tee time inventory is limited. Pursuant to the Golf Course Use Agreement, the users are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to refer to the TRS a minimum number of complimentary golf rounds per month at each of the golf courses. Payments under the Golf Course Use Agreement are comprised of a $10.0 million annual membership fee, use fees and minimum rounds fees. The membership fee is subject to increase or decrease, as applicable, whenever rent under the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement is adjusted in accordance with the terms of the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. The adjusted membership fee will be calculated based on the proportionate increase or decrease, as applicable, in rent under the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. The use fees and minimum round fees are subject to an annual escalator equal to the greater of 2% and the increase in the Consumer Price Index from the prior year beginning at the times provided under the Golf Course Use Agreement.

 

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Tax Matters Agreement

The Tax Matters Agreement addresses matters relating to the payment of taxes and entitlement to tax refunds by CEC, CEOC, the Operating Partnership and us, and allocates certain liabilities, including providing for certain covenants and indemnities, relating to the payment of such taxes, receipt of such refunds, and preparation of tax returns relating thereto. In general, the Tax Matters Agreement provides for the preparation and filing by CEC of tax returns relating to CEOC and for the preparation and filing by us of tax returns relating to us and our operations. To the extent that any matters contained in any tax return prepared by CEC relate to our taxes, we will have the right to review and comment on such items and, similarly, to the extent that any matters contained in any tax return prepared by us relate to CEOC’s taxes, CEC will have the right to review and comment on such items. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, CEC will indemnify us for any taxes allocated to CEOC which we are required to pay pursuant to our tax returns and we will indemnify CEC for any taxes allocated to us which CEC or CEOC is required to pay pursuant to a CEC or CEOC tax return. We will have the right to participate in the contest of any matters relating to any CEC or CEOC tax return that relate to matters for which we have indemnification responsibilities, and CEC will have the right to participate in the contest of any matters relating to any of our tax returns that relate to matters for which CEC has indemnification responsibilities.

The Tax Matters Agreement sets forth the parties’ intent that certain transactions entered into as part of the Plan of Reorganization qualify as tax-free under the Code. The Tax Matters Agreement provides that CEC, CEOC and we will not take certain actions which may be inconsistent with certain facts presented and representations made relating to the foregoing intended tax treatment without obtaining a supplemental ruling from the IRS or, if mutually agreed, an opinion of a nationally recognized law or accounting firm that such actions will not affect the foregoing intended tax treatment. The parties agreed generally not to file tax returns or take any other action (or refrain from taking action) in a manner inconsistent with the foregoing intended tax treatment. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, CEC will indemnify us for taxes attributable to acts or omissions taken by CEC and we will indemnify CEC for taxes attributable to our acts or omissions in each case that cause a failure of the transactions entered into as part of the Plan of Reorganization to qualify for the intended tax treatment described above.

Investment Policies

Investment in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate

Our investment objectives are to increase cash flow from operations, achieve sustainable long-term growth and maximize stockholder value to allow for stable dividends and stock appreciation. We have not established a specific policy regarding the relative priority of these investment objectives. For a discussion of our properties and our strategic objectives, see “Business” and “Properties.”

Our business is focused primarily on gaming and leisure sector properties and activities directly related thereto. We own 19 market-leading properties and own and operate four golf courses. We believe there are potential opportunities to acquire or develop additional gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations. Our future investment and development activities will not be limited to any geographic area or to a specific percentage of our assets. We intend to engage in such future investment or development activities in a manner that is consistent with our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We do not have a specific policy to acquire assets primarily for capital gain or primarily for income. In addition, we may purchase or lease income-producing commercial and other types of properties for long-term investment, expand and improve the properties we presently own or other acquired properties, or sell such properties, in whole or in part, when circumstances warrant.

We may participate with third parties in property ownership, through joint ventures or other types of co-ownership, and we may engage in such activities in the future if we determine that doing so would be the most effective means of owning or acquiring properties. We do not expect, however, to enter into a joint venture or other partnership arrangement to make an investment that would not otherwise meet our investment policies. We

 

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also may acquire real estate or interests in real estate in exchange for the issuance of common stock, preferred stock or options to purchase stock or interests in our subsidiaries, including our Operating Partnership.

Equity investments in acquired properties may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or to new indebtedness which may be incurred in connection with acquiring or refinancing these investments. Principal and interest on our debt will have a priority over any dividends with respect to our common stock. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

Investments in Real Estate Mortgages

Although we do not presently intend to invest in mortgages or deeds of trust, other than in a manner that is ancillary to an equity investment, we may elect, in our discretion, to invest in mortgages and other types of real estate interests, including, without limitation, participating or convertible mortgages; provided, in each case, that such investment is consistent with our qualification as a REIT. Investments in real estate mortgages run the risk that one or more borrowers may default under certain mortgages and that the collateral securing certain mortgages may not be sufficient to enable us to recoup our full investment.

Securities of or Interests in Persons Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities and Other Issuers

Subject to the asset tests and gross income tests necessary for REIT qualification, we may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities. We do not currently have any policy limiting the types of entities in which we may invest or the proportion of assets to be so invested, whether through acquisition of an entity’s common stock, limited liability or partnership interests, interests in another REIT or entry into a joint venture. We have no current plans to make additional investments in entities that are not engaged in real estate activities. Our investment objectives are to maximize the cash flow of our investments, acquire investments with growth potential and provide cash distributions and long-term capital appreciation to our stockholders through increases in the value of our company. We have not established a specific policy regarding the relative priority of these investment objectives.

Investment in Other Securities

Other than as described above, we do not intend to invest in any additional securities of third parties, such as bonds, preferred stocks or common stock.

 

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk and uncertainty. You should carefully consider the following risks, as well as the other information contained in this registration statement, before making an investment in our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows may be adversely affected. This could cause the value of our common stock to decline and you could lose part or all of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face, but do represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that, as of the date of this registration statement, we deem immaterial may also harm our business. Some statements included in this registration statement, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to Our Business Following the Restructuring

We are dependent on CEOC and CEC for the foreseeable future, and an event that has a material adverse effect on CEOC’s and CEC’s businesses, financial positions, or results of operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.

CEOC leases our properties pursuant to the Lease Agreements and CEC guarantees CEOC’s obligations under the Lease Agreements. The Lease Agreements account for a significant majority of our revenues. Additionally, because the Lease Agreements are triple-net leases, we depend on CEOC to pay all insurance, taxes, utilities, and maintenance and repair expenses in connection with these leased properties and to indemnify, defend, and hold us harmless from and against various claims, litigation, and liabilities arising in connection with our businesses. See “Business—Relationship Between VICI REIT and CEOC and CEC —Lease Agreements—Triple Net Lease, Capital Expenditures, Material Alterations.” Although CEC guarantees CEOC’s monetary obligations under the Lease Agreements, there can be no assurance that CEOC and/or CEC will have sufficient assets, income, and access to financing to enable them to satisfy their payment obligations on account of the Lease Agreements. CEOC and CEC rely on the properties they or their subsidiaries own and/or operate for income to satisfy their obligations, including their debt service requirements and lease payments due to us under the Lease Agreements and CEC’s guarantee. If income from these properties were to decline for any reason, if CEOC’s or CEC’s or their subsidiaries’ debt service requirements were to increase (whether due to an increase in interest rates or otherwise), or if CEC’s subsidiaries were prevented from making distributions to CEC (whether due to restrictions in their lending arrangements or otherwise), CEOC may become unable or unwilling to satisfy its payment obligations under the Lease Agreements and CEC may become unable or unwilling to make payments under its guarantee of the Lease Agreements.

The inability or unwillingness of CEOC and/or CEC to meet their rent obligations and other obligations under the Lease Agreements and the related guarantee could materially adversely affect our business, financial position, or results of operations, including our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders as required to maintain our status as a REIT. For these reasons, if CEOC and/or CEC were to experience a material adverse effect on their gaming businesses, financial positions, or results of operations, our business, financial position, or results of operations could also be materially adversely affected.

In addition, due to our dependence on rental payments from CEOC as a primary source of revenues, we may be limited in our ability to enforce our rights under the Lease Agreements or to terminate the lease with respect to a particular property. Failure by CEOC to comply with the terms of the Lease Agreements or to comply with the gaming regulations to which the leased properties are subject could require us to find another lessee for such leased property and there could be a decrease or cessation of rental payments by CEOC. In such event, we may be unable to locate a suitable lessee at similar rental rates or at all, which would have the effect of reducing our rental revenues.

 

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We are dependent on the gaming industry and may be susceptible to the risks associated with it, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.

As the landlord of gaming facilities, we are impacted by the risks associated with the gaming industry. Therefore, so long as our investments are concentrated in gaming-related assets, our success is dependent on the gaming industry, which could be adversely affected by economic conditions in general, changes in consumer trends and preferences and other factors over which we, CEOC, as our tenants’ parent, and our other tenants, have no control. As we are subject to risks inherent in substantial investments in a single industry, a decrease in the gaming business would likely have a greater adverse effect on our revenues than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio, particularly because a component of the rent under the Lease Agreements will be based, over time, on the performance of the gaming facilities operated by CEOC on our properties.

The gaming industry is characterized by a high degree of competition among a large number of participants, including riverboat casinos, dockside casinos, land-based casinos, video lottery, sweepstakes and poker machines not located in casinos, Native American gaming, internet lotteries and other internet wagering gaming services and, in a broader sense, gaming operators face competition from all manner of leisure and entertainment activities. Gaming competition is intense in most of the markets where our facilities are located. Recently, there has been additional significant competition in the gaming industry as a result of the upgrading or expansion of facilities by existing market participants, the entrance of new gaming participants into a market or legislative changes. As competing properties and new markets are opened our business results may be negatively impacted. Additionally, decreases in discretionary consumer spending brought about by weakened general economic conditions such as, but not limited to, lackluster recoveries from recessions, high unemployment levels, higher income taxes, low levels of consumer confidence, weakness in the housing market, cultural and demographic changes and increased stock market volatility may negatively impact our revenues and operating cash flows.

A substantial portion of our cash will be used to satisfy our debt service obligations and our distribution obligations to maintain our status as a REIT and avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, limiting our ability to pursue our growth strategy.

We have substantial debt service obligations. On a pro forma basis giving effect to the Restructuring and the Mandatory Conversions, as of June 30, 2017, we would have had an aggregate of $4,667.0 million of outstanding indebtedness under our Term Loans, our First Lien Notes, Second Lien Notes, the CPLV CMBS Debt and the CPLV Mezzanine Debt. Pursuant to the terms of the agreements governing this indebtedness, we are required to make annual cash interest payments, which would have totaled approximately $123.7 million and $247.5 million on a pro forma basis for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2016, respectively.

In addition, the Code generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to maintain its status as a REIT and 100% of its REIT taxable income to avoid incurring entity level tax, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. In order to maintain our status as a REIT and avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, a substantial portion of our cash flow after operating expenses and debt service will be required to be distributed.

Because of the limitations on the amount of cash available to us after satisfying our debt service obligations and our distribution obligations to maintain our status as a REIT and avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, our ability to pursue our growth strategies will be limited.

We face extensive regulation from gaming and other regulatory authorities, and our charter provides that any of our shares held by investors who are found to be unsuitable by state gaming regulatory authorities are subject to redemption.

The ownership, operation, and management of gaming and racing facilities are subject to pervasive regulation. These gaming and racing regulations impact our gaming and racing tenants and persons associated

 

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with our gaming and racing facilities, which in many jurisdictions include us as the landlord and owner of the real estate. Certain gaming authorities in the jurisdictions in which we hold properties may require us and/or our affiliates to maintain a license as a key business entity or supplier because of our status as landlord. Gaming authorities also retain great discretion to require us to be found suitable as a landlord, and certain of our stockholders, officers and directors may be required to be found suitable as well.

In many jurisdictions, gaming laws can require certain of our shareholders to file an application, be investigated, and qualify or have his, her or its suitability determined by gaming authorities. Gaming authorities have very broad discretion in determining whether an applicant should be deemed suitable. Subject to certain administrative proceeding requirements, the gaming regulators have the authority to deny any application or limit, condition, restrict, revoke or suspend any license, registration, finding of suitability or approval, or fine any person licensed, registered or found suitable or approved, for any cause deemed reasonable by the gaming authorities.

Gaming authorities may conduct investigations into the conduct or associations of our directors, officers, key employees or investors to ensure compliance with applicable standards. If we are required to be found suitable and are found suitable as a landlord, we will be registered as a public company with the gaming authorities and will be subject to disciplinary action if, after we receive notice that a person is unsuitable to be a shareholder or to have any other relationship with us, we:

 

    pay that person any distribution or interest upon any of our voting securities;

 

    allow that person to exercise, directly or indirectly, any voting right conferred through securities held by that person;

 

    pay remuneration in any form to that person for services rendered or otherwise; or

 

    fail to pursue all lawful efforts to require such unsuitable person to relinquish his or her voting securities, including, if necessary, the immediate purchase of the voting securities for cash at fair market value.

Many jurisdictions also require any person who acquires beneficial ownership of more than a certain percentage of voting securities of a gaming company and, in some jurisdictions, non-voting securities, typically 5% of a publicly-traded company, to report the acquisition to gaming authorities, and gaming authorities may require such holders to apply for qualification, licensure or a finding of suitability, subject to limited exceptions for “institutional investors” that hold a company’s voting securities for passive investment purposes only. Some jurisdictions may also limit the number of gaming licenses in which a person may hold an ownership or a controlling interest.

Further, our directors, officers, key employees and investors in our shares must meet approval standards of certain gaming regulatory authorities. If such gaming regulatory authorities were to find such a person or investor unsuitable, we may be required to sever our relationship with that person or the investor may be required to dispose of his, her or its interest in us. Our charter provides that all of our shares held by investors who are found to be unsuitable by regulatory authorities are subject to redemption upon our receipt of notice of such finding. Gaming regulatory agencies may conduct investigations into the conduct or associations of our directors, officers, key employees or investors to ensure compliance with applicable standards.

Additionally, substantially all material loans, significant acquisitions, leases, sales of securities and similar financing transactions by us and our subsidiaries must be reported to and in some cases approved by gaming authorities in advance of the transaction. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries may make a public offering of securities without the prior approval of certain gaming authorities. Changes in control through merger, consolidation, stock or asset acquisitions, management or consulting agreements, or otherwise may be subject to receipt of prior approval of certain gaming authorities. Entities seeking to acquire control of us or one of our subsidiaries (and certain of our affiliates) must satisfy gaming authorities with respect to a variety of stringent

 

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standards prior to assuming control. Failure to satisfy the stringent licensing standards may preclude entities from acquiring control of us or one of our subsidiaries (and certain of our affiliates) and/or require the entities to divest such control.

Required regulatory approvals can delay or prohibit transfers of our gaming properties, which could result in periods in which we are unable to receive rent for such properties.

CEOC is (and any future tenants of our gaming properties will be) required to be licensed under applicable law in order to operate any of our gaming properties as gaming facilities. If the Lease Agreements, or any future lease agreements we will enter into, are terminated (which could be required by a regulatory agency) or expire, any new tenant must be licensed and receive other regulatory approvals to operate the properties as gaming facilities. Any delay in or inability of the new tenant to receive required licenses and other regulatory approvals from the applicable state and county government agencies may prolong the period during which we are unable to collect the applicable rent. Further, in the event that the Lease Agreements or future agreements are terminated or expire and a new tenant is not licensed or fails to receive other regulatory approvals, the properties may not be operated as gaming facilities and we will not be able to collect the applicable rent. Moreover, we may be unable to transfer or sell the affected properties as gaming properties, which would adversely impact our financial condition and results of operation.

CEOC may choose not to renew the Lease Agreements.

The Lease Agreements have an initial lease term of 15 years with the potential to extend the term for four additional five-year terms thereafter, solely at the option of CEOC. At the expiration of the initial lease term or of any additional renewal term thereafter, CEOC may choose not to renew the Lease Agreements. If the Lease Agreements expire without renewal, and we are not able to find suitable tenants to replace CEOC, our results of operations and our ability to maintain previous levels of distributions to stockholders may be adversely affected.

The Lease Agreements may restrict our ability to sell the properties.

Our ability to sell or dispose of our properties may be hindered by the fact that such properties are subject to the Lease Agreements, as the terms of the Lease Agreements require that a purchaser assume the Lease Agreements or enter into a severance lease with CEOC for the sold property on substantially the same terms as contained in the applicable Lease Agreement, which may make our properties less attractive to a potential buyer than alternative properties that may be for sale.

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness outstanding, which may affect our ability to pay distributions, may expose us to interest rate fluctuation risk and may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations.

On a pro forma basis giving effect to the Restructuring and the Mandatory Conversions, as of June 30, 2017, we would have had an aggregate of $4,667.0 million of outstanding indebtedness under our Term Loans, our First Lien Notes, Second Lien Notes, the CPLV CMBS Debt and the CPLV Mezzanine Debt. Payments of principal and interest under this indebtedness, or any other instruments governing debt we may incur in the future, may leave us with insufficient cash resources to operate our properties or to pay the distributions currently contemplated or necessary to qualify or maintain qualification as a REIT. Our substantial outstanding indebtedness or future indebtedness, and the limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements, could have other significant adverse consequences, including the following:

 

    our cash flow may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments;

 

    we may be unable to borrow additional funds as needed or on favorable terms, which could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to capitalize upon emerging acquisition opportunities, including exercising our rights of first refusal and call rights described herein, or meet operational needs;

 

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    we may be unable to refinance our indebtedness at maturity or the refinancing terms may be less favorable than the terms of our original indebtedness;

 

    we may be forced to dispose of one or more of our properties, possibly on disadvantageous terms;

 

    we may violate restrictive covenants in our loan documents, which would entitle the lenders to accelerate payment of outstanding loans;

 

    we may be unable to hedge floating rate debt, counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under our hedge agreements and these agreements may not effectively hedge interest rate fluctuation risk; and

 

    we may default on our obligations and the lenders or mortgagees may foreclose on our properties that secure their loans.

If any one of these events were to occur, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, market price of our common stock and ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay distributions to you could be adversely affected. In addition, the foreclosure on our properties could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, which could result in entity level taxes to us or could adversely affect our ability to meet the distribution requirements necessary to qualify as a REIT.

Our ability to refinance our indebtedness as it becomes due depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control.

The Term Loans and the First Lien Notes will become due in 2022 and the Second Lien Notes will become due in 2023. Our ability to refinance these indebtedness, and any other of our indebtedness, will depend, in part, on our financial performance and condition and economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors. Many of these factors are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance the Term Loans, the First Lien Notes, the Second Lien Notes, or any of our other indebtedness as it becomes due, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we are not able to refinance our indebtedness as it becomes due, we will be obligated to pay such indebtedness with cash from our operations and we may not have sufficient cash to do so.

Covenants in our debt agreements limit our operational flexibility, and a covenant breach or default could materially adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.

The agreements governing our indebtedness contain customary covenants, including restrictions on our ability to grant liens on our assets, incur indebtedness, sell assets, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations and pay certain dividends and other restricted payments. These covenants could impair our ability to grow our business, take advantage of attractive business opportunities or successfully compete. A breach of any of these covenants or covenants under any other agreements governing our indebtedness could result in an event of default. Cross-default provisions in our debt agreements could cause an event of default under one debt agreement to trigger an event of default under our other debt agreements. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under any of our debt agreements, the lenders could elect to declare all outstanding debt under such agreements to be immediately due and payable. If we were unable to repay or refinance the accelerated debt, the lenders could proceed against any assets pledged to secure that debt, including foreclosing on or requiring the sale of our properties, and our assets may not be sufficient to repay such debt in full. Covenants that limit our operational flexibility as well as defaults under our debt instruments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.

Our debt service requirements expose us to the possibility of foreclosure, which could result in the loss of our investment in our properties.

On a pro forma basis giving effect to the Restructuring and the Mandatory Conversions, as of June 30, 2017, we would have had an aggregate of $4,667.0 million of outstanding indebtedness under our Term Loans, our

 

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First Lien Notes, Second Lien Notes, the CPLV CMBS Debt and the CPLV Mezzanine Debt. Our indebtedness is collateralized by substantially all of our properties. If we are unable to meet the required debt service payments, the lenders of our indebtedness could foreclose on our properties and we could lose our investment. Alternatively, if we decide to sell assets in the current market to raise funds to repay matured debt, it is possible that the collateralized properties will be disposed of at a loss.

A rise in interest rates may increase our overall interest rate expense and could adversely affect our stock price.

The senior secured credit facilities and the First Lien Notes are subject to variable interest rates. A rise in interest rates may increase our overall interest rate expense and have an adverse impact on distributions to our stockholders. The risk presented by holding variable-rate indebtedness can be managed or mitigated by utilizing interest rate protection products. However, there is no assurance that we will utilize any of these products or that such products will be available to us. In addition, in the event of a rise in interest rates, we may be unable to replace maturing debt with new debt at equal or better interest rates.

Further, the dividend yield on our common stock, as a percentage of the price of such common stock, will influence the price of such common stock. Thus, an increase in market interest rates may lead prospective purchasers of our common stock to expect a higher dividend yield, which would adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We may not be able to purchase the properties subject to the Call Right Agreements if we are unable to obtain additional financing.

The Call Right Agreements provide for our right for up to five years after the Effective Date to enter into binding agreements to purchase the real property interest and all improvements associated with Harrah’s Atlantic City, Harrah’s Laughlin, and/or Harrah’s New Orleans from affiliates of CEOC that currently own such properties. In order to exercise these call rights, we may be required to secure additional financing and our substantial level of indebtedness following the Effective Date or other factors could limit our ability to do so. If we are unable to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us, we may not be able to exercise our call rights and acquire these properties. There can be no assurance that we will be able to exercise our call rights.

Our pursuit of investments in, and acquisitions or development of, additional properties may be unsuccessful or fail to meet our expectations.

We intend to pursue acquisitions of additional properties and seek acquisitions and other strategic opportunities. Accordingly, we may often be engaged in evaluating potential transactions and other strategic alternatives. In addition, from time to time, we may engage in discussions that may result in one or more transactions. Although there is uncertainty that any of these discussions will result in definitive agreements or the completion of any transaction, we may devote a significant amount of our management resources to such a transaction, which could negatively impact our operations. We may incur significant costs in connection with seeking acquisitions or other strategic opportunities regardless of whether the transaction is completed and in combining our operations if such a transaction is completed.

We operate in a highly competitive industry and face competition from other REITs, investment companies, private equity and hedge fund investors, sovereign funds, lenders, gaming companies and other investors, some of whom are significantly larger and have greater resources and lower costs of capital. Increased competition will make it more challenging to identify and successfully capitalize on acquisition opportunities that meet our investment objectives. If we cannot identify and purchase a sufficient quantity of gaming properties and other properties at favorable prices or if we are unable to finance acquisitions on commercially favorable terms, our business, financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Additionally, the fact that we must distribute 90% of our net taxable income in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT may limit

 

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our ability to rely upon rental payments from our leased properties or subsequently acquired properties in order to finance acquisitions. As a result, if debt or equity financing is not available on acceptable terms, further acquisitions might be limited or curtailed.

Investments in and acquisitions of gaming properties and other properties we might seek to acquire entail risks associated with real estate investments generally, including that the investment’s performance will fail to meet expectations, that the cost estimates for necessary property improvements will prove inaccurate or the operator or manager will underperform. Real estate development projects present other risks, including construction delays or cost overruns that increase expenses, the inability to obtain required zoning, occupancy and other governmental approvals and permits on a timely basis, and the incurrence of significant development costs prior to completion of the project.

Further, even if we were able to acquire additional properties in the future, there is no guarantee that such properties would be able to maintain their historical performance. In addition, our financing of these acquisitions could negatively impact our cash flows and liquidity, require us to incur substantial debt or involve the issuance of substantial new equity, which would be dilutive to existing stockholders. We have a substantial amount of indebtedness outstanding, which may affect our ability to pay distributions, may expose us to interest rate fluctuation risk and may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in implementing our growth strategy or that any expansion will improve operating results. The failure to identify and acquire new properties effectively, or the failure of any acquired properties to perform as expected, could have a material adverse effect on us and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

We may sell or divest different properties or assets after an evaluation of our portfolio of businesses. Such sales or divestitures would affect our costs, revenues, profitability and financial position.

From time to time, we may evaluate our properties and may, as a result, sell or attempt to sell, divest, or spin-off different properties or assets. These sales or divestitures would affect our costs, revenues, profitability, financial position, liquidity and our ability to comply with debt covenants. Divestitures have inherent risks, including possible delays in closing transactions (including potential difficulties in obtaining regulatory approvals), the risk of lower-than-expected sales proceeds for the divested businesses, and potential post-closing claims for indemnification. In addition, current economic conditions and relatively illiquid real estate markets may result in fewer potential bidders and unsuccessful sales efforts.

Our properties are subject to risks from natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes and severe weather.

Our properties are located in areas that may be subject to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, and extreme weather conditions, including, but not limited to, hurricanes. Such natural disasters or extreme weather conditions may interrupt operations at the casinos, damage our properties, and reduce the number of customers who visit our facilities in such areas. A severe earthquake could damage or destroy our properties. In addition, our operations could be adversely impacted by a drought or other cause of water shortage. A severe drought of extensive duration experienced in Las Vegas or in the other regions in which we operate could adversely affect the business and results of operations at our properties. Although CEOC is required to maintain both property and business interruption insurance coverage, such coverage is subject to deductibles and limits on maximum benefits, including limitation on the coverage period for business interruption, and we cannot assure you that we or CEOC will be able to fully insure such losses or fully collect, if at all, on claims resulting from such natural disasters. While the Lease Agreements require, and new lease agreements are expected to require, that comprehensive insurance and hazard insurance be maintained by CEOC, there are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, that may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. Insurance coverage may not be sufficient to pay the full current market value or current replacement cost of a loss. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations, and other factors also might make it infeasible to use insurance proceeds to replace the property after such

 

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property has been damaged or destroyed. Under such circumstances, the insurance proceeds received might not be adequate to restore the economic position with respect to such property. If we experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds our policy coverage limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties as well as the anticipated future cash flows from those properties.

In addition, the Lease Agreements allow CEOC to remove a property from the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and to terminate the CPLV Lease Agreement or the Joliet Lease Agreement during the final two years of the initial lease terms if the cost to rebuild or restore a property in connection with a casualty event exceeds 25% of total property fair market value. Similarly, if a condemnation event occurs that renders a facility unsuitable for its primary intended use, CEOC may remove the property from the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and may terminate the CPLV Lease Agreement or the Joliet Lease Agreement. In addition, if our lenders require the proceeds of a casualty or condemnation with respect to the CPLV facility to be applied to the applicable indebtedness, then, subject to certain conditions, CEOC may have the right to repurchase the CPLV facility. If a property is removed from the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement or if the CPLV Lease Agreement or Joliet Lease Agreement is terminated, we will lose the rent associated with the related facility, which would have a negative impact on our revenues. In this event, following termination of the lease of a property, even if we are able to restore the affected property, we could be limited to selling or leasing such property to a new tenant in order to obtain an alternate source of revenue, which may not happen on comparable terms or at all.

Certain properties are subject to restrictions pursuant to reciprocal easement agreements, operating agreements or similar agreements.

Many of the properties that we own are, and properties that we may acquire in the future may be, subject to use restrictions and/or operational requirements imposed pursuant to ground leases, restrictive covenants or conditions, reciprocal easement agreements or operating agreements (collectively, “Property Restrictions”) that could adversely affect our ability to lease space to third parties. Such Property Restrictions could include, for example, limitations on alterations, changes, expansions, or reconfiguration of properties; limitations on use of properties; limitations affecting parking requirements; or restrictions on exterior or interior signage or facades. In certain cases, consent of the other party or parties to such agreements may be required when altering, reconfiguring, expanding or redeveloping. Failure to secure such consents when necessary may harm our ability to execute leasing strategies, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The loss of the services of key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our success depends in large part upon the leadership and performance of our executive management team, particularly Edward Pitoniak, our chief executive officer, John Payne, our president and chief operating officer, and Mary Beth Higgins, our chief financial officer. Any unforeseen loss of our executive officers’ services, or any negative market or industry perception with respect to them or arising from their loss, could have a material adverse effect on our businesses. We do not have key man or similar life insurance policies covering members of our senior management. We have employment agreements with our executive officers, but these agreements do not guarantee that any given executive will remain with us, and there can be no assurance that any such officers will remain with us. The appointment of certain key members of our executive management team will be subject to regulatory approvals based upon suitability determinations by gaming regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions where our properties are located. If any of our executive officers is found unsuitable by any such gaming regulatory authorities, or if we otherwise lose their services, we would have to find alternative candidates and may not be able to successfully manage our business or achieve our business objectives.

If we cannot attract, retain and motivate employees, we may be unable to compete effectively and lose the ability to improve and expand our businesses.

Our success and ability to grow depend, in part, on our ability to hire, retain and motivate sufficient numbers of talented people with the increasingly diverse skills needed to serve clients and expand our business.

 

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We face intense competition for highly qualified, specialized technical, managerial, and consulting personnel. Recruiting, training, retention and benefit costs place significant demands on our resources. Additionally, CEOC’s Chapter 11 proceedings may make recruiting executives to our businesses more difficult. The inability to attract qualified employees in sufficient numbers to meet particular demands or the loss of a significant number of our employees could have an adverse effect on us.

We may become involved in legal proceedings that, if adversely adjudicated or settled, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

The nature of our business subjects us to the risk of lawsuits related to matters incidental to our business filed by our tenants, customers, employees, competitors, business partners and others. As with all legal proceedings, no assurance can be provided as to the outcome of these matters and in general, legal proceedings can be expensive and time consuming. We may not be successful in the defense or prosecution of these lawsuits, which could result in settlements or damages that could significantly impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Environmental compliance costs and liabilities associated with real estate properties owned by us may materially impair the value of those investments.

As an owner of real property, we are subject to various federal, state and local environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. Although we do not operate or manage most of our properties, we may be held primarily or jointly and severally liable for costs relating to the investigation and clean-up of any property from which there has been a release or threatened release of a regulated material as well as other affected properties, regardless of whether we knew of or caused the release. Further, some environmental laws create a lien on a contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and the costs the government incurs in connection with such contamination.

Although under the Lease Agreements CEOC is required to indemnify us for certain environmental liabilities, including environmental liabilities it causes, the amount of such liabilities could exceed the financial ability of CEOC to indemnify us. In addition, the presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may adversely affect our ability to sell or lease our properties or to borrow using our properties as collateral.

We may be required to contribute insurance proceeds with respect to casualty events at our properties to the lenders under our debt financing agreements.

In the event that we were to receive insurance proceeds with respect to a casualty event at any of our properties, we may be required under the terms of our debt financing agreements to contribute all or a portion of those proceeds to the repayment of such debt, which may prevent us from restoring such properties to their prior state. If the remainder of the proceeds (after any such required repayment) were insufficient to make the repairs necessary to restore the damaged properties to a condition substantially equivalent to its state immediately prior to the casualty, we may not have sufficient liquidity to otherwise fund these repairs and may be required to obtain additional financing, which could adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.

If we fail to establish and maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

As a reporting company, we are required to develop and implement substantial control systems, policies and procedures in order to maintain our REIT qualification and satisfy our periodic SEC reporting requirements. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully develop and implement these systems, policies and procedures and to operate our company or that any such development and implementation will be effective. Failure to do so could jeopardize our status as a REIT or as a reporting company, and the loss of such statuses

 

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would materially and adversely affect us. If we fail to develop, implement or maintain proper overall business controls, including as required to support our growth, our results of operations could be harmed or we could fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, the existence of a material weakness or significant deficiency could result in errors in our financial statements that could require a restatement, cause us to fail to meet our public company reporting obligations and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

Risk Factors Relating to the Restructuring

We may be unable to make, on a timely or cost-effective basis, the changes necessary to operate as a stand-alone company primarily focused on owning a portfolio of gaming properties.

We have no historical operations as an independent company and may not have the infrastructure and personnel necessary to operate as a separate company. As a stand-alone entity, we are subject to, and responsible for, regulatory compliance, including periodic public filings with the SEC and compliance with the listing requirements of the exchange where we list our common stock, if any, and with applicable state gaming rules and regulations, as well as compliance with generally applicable tax and accounting rules. Because our business did not operate as a stand-alone company until the Effective Date, we cannot ensure that we will be able to successfully implement the infrastructure or retain the personnel necessary to operate as a stand-alone company or that we will not incur costs in excess of anticipated costs to establish such infrastructure and retain such personnel.

The historical and pro forma financial information included in this registration statement may not be a reliable indicator of future results.

We are a newly organized company with no operating history. Therefore, our growth prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered when any new business is formed. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully operate our business profitably or implement our operating policies and investment strategy as described in this registration statement. Further, we have not historically operated as a REIT, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage that our competitors may exploit. We urge you to carefully consider the information included in this registration statement concerning us in making an investment decision.

The financial statements and the pro forma financial information included herein may not reflect what our business, financial position or results of operations will be in the future now that we are a separate, public company. The properties contributed to our Operating Partnership by CEOC in connection with the Restructuring were historically operated by CEOC as part of its larger corporate organization and not as a stand-alone business or independent company. The pro forma financial information that we have included in this registration statement may not reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we existed as a stand-alone business or independent entity, or had we operated as a REIT, during the periods presented. Significant changes have occurred in our cost structure, financing and business operations as a result of our operation as a stand-alone company and the entry into transactions with CEOC that have not existed historically, including the Lease Agreements.

The pro forma financial information included in this registration statement was prepared on the basis of assumptions derived from available information that we believe to be reasonable. However, these assumptions may change or may be incorrect, and actual results may differ, perhaps significantly. Therefore, the financial information we have included in this registration statement may not necessarily be indicative of what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows will be in the future. For additional information about the basis of presentation of the financial information included in this registration statement, see “Financial Information” and the financial statements included elsewhere in this registration statement.

 

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Our actual financial results may vary significantly from the financial projections filed with the Bankruptcy Court.

In connection with the Plan of Reorganization, the Debtors were required to prepare projected financial information to demonstrate to the Bankruptcy Court the feasibility of the Plan of Reorganization and the ability of the Debtors to continue operations upon emergence from bankruptcy. These projections are neither included nor incorporated by reference in this registration statement and should not be relied upon in connection with the purchase of our common stock. At the time they were prepared, the projections reflected numerous assumptions concerning anticipated future performance and market and economic conditions that were and remain beyond our and the Debtors’ control and that may not materialize. Projections are inherently subject to uncertainties and to a wide variety of significant business, economic and competitive risks. Our actual results will vary from those contemplated by the projections and the variations may be material.

We may be unable to achieve the benefits that the Debtors expected to achieve from the separation of the Debtors into CEOC and our company.

We believe that as a company independent from CEOC, we will have the ability, subject to the Right of First Refusal Agreement, to pursue transactions with other gaming operators that would not pursue transactions with CEOC as a current competitor, to fund acquisitions with its equity on significantly more favorable terms than those that would be available to CEOC, to diversify into different businesses in which CEOC, as a practical matter, could not diversify, and to pursue certain transactions that CEOC otherwise would be disadvantaged by or precluded from pursuing due to regulatory constraints. However, we may not be able to achieve some or all of the benefits that the Debtors expected us to achieve as a company independent from CEOC in the time the Debtors expect, if at all.

Some members of our management team may have limited experience operating as part of a REIT structure.

The requirements for qualifying as a REIT are highly technical and complex. We had not operated as a REIT prior to the Effective Date, and some members of our and our subsidiaries’ management teams may have limited experience in complying with the income, asset, and other limitations imposed by the real estate investment provisions of the Code. Any failure to comply with those provisions in a timely manner could prevent us from qualifying as a REIT or could force us to pay unexpected taxes and penalties. In such event, our net income could be reduced and we could incur a loss, which could materially harm our business, financial position, or results of operations. In addition, there is no assurance that any past experience with the acquisition, development, and disposition of gaming facilities will be sufficient to enable us to successfully manage our portfolio of properties as required by our business plan or the REIT provisions of the Code.

We cannot be certain that the bankruptcy proceedings will not adversely affect our operations going forward.

Our properties have been operating in bankruptcy for the past two years and we cannot assure you that having been subject to bankruptcy will not adversely affect our operations going forward. For example, we may be subject to claims that were not discharged in the bankruptcy proceedings, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and profitability. Substantially all of the material claims against the Debtors that arose prior to the date of the bankruptcy filing were addressed during the Chapter 11 proceedings. In addition, the Bankruptcy Code provides that the confirmation of a plan of reorganization discharges a debtor from substantially all debts arising prior to confirmation and certain debts arising afterwards. Circumstances in which claims and other obligations that arose prior to the bankruptcy filing were not discharged primarily relate to certain actions by governmental units under police power authority, where CEOC agreed to preserve a claimant’s claims, as well as, potentially, instances where a claimant had inadequate notice of the bankruptcy filing. If any such claims remain, the ultimate resolution of such claims and other obligations may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and profitability.

 

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Our separation from CEOC could give rise to disputes or other unfavorable effects, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.

Disputes with third parties could arise out of our separation from CEOC, and we could experience unfavorable reactions to the separation from employees, ratings agencies, regulators, or other interested parties. These disputes and reactions of third parties could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations. In addition, disputes between us and CEOC and its subsidiaries could arise in connection with any of the Lease Agreements, the Management and Lease Support Agreement, the Right of First Refusal Agreement, the Call Right Agreements, or other agreements.

If our separation from CEOC, together with certain related transactions, does not qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we and CEOC could be subject to significant tax liabilities and, in certain circumstances, we could be required to indemnify CEOC for material taxes pursuant to indemnification obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement.

The IRS issued a private letter ruling with respect to certain issues relevant to the separation from CEOC, including relating to the separation and certain related transactions as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes under certain provisions of the Code. The IRS ruling does not address certain requirements for tax-free treatment of the separation, and we expect to receive from our tax advisors a tax opinion substantially to the effect that, with respect to such requirements on which the IRS did not rule, such requirements should be satisfied. The IRS ruling, and the tax opinions that we expect to receive from our tax advisors, relied on and will rely on, among other things, certain representations, assumptions and undertakings, including those relating to the past and future conduct of our business, and the IRS ruling and the opinions may not be valid if such representations, assumptions and undertakings were incorrect in any material respect.

Notwithstanding the IRS ruling and the tax opinions, the IRS could determine the separation should be treated as a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes if it determines any of the representations, assumptions or undertakings that were included in the request for the IRS ruling are false or have been violated or if it disagrees with the conclusions in the opinions that are not covered by the IRS ruling.

If the reorganization fails to qualify for tax-free treatment, in general, CEOC would be generally subject to tax as if it had sold our assets to us in a taxable sale for their fair market value, and CEOC’s creditors who receive shares of our common stock in the separation would be subject to tax as if they had received a taxable distribution equal to the fair market value of such shares.

Under the Tax Matters Agreement that we entered into with CEC and CEOC, we generally are required to indemnify CEC and CEOC against any tax resulting from the separation to the extent that such tax resulted from certain of our representations or undertakings being incorrect or violated. Our indemnification obligations to CEC and CEOC are not limited by any maximum amount. As a result, if we are required to indemnify CEC and CEOC or such other persons under the circumstances set forth in the Tax Matters Agreement, we may be subject to substantial liabilities.

Risks Related to our Status as a REIT

We may not maintain our status as a REIT.

We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2017, and expect to operate in a manner that will allow us to continue to be classified as such. Once an entity is qualified as a REIT, the Code generally requires that such entity distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it distributes annually less than 100% of its REIT taxable income including capital gains. In addition, a REIT is required to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which the distributions it makes in a calendar year

 

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are less than the sum of 85% of its ordinary income, 95% of its capital gain net income and 100% of its undistributed income from prior years. As a result, in order to avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, a substantial portion of our cash flow after operating expenses and debt service will be required to be distributed.

Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT may depend in part on the actions of third parties over which we have no control or only limited influence, including in cases where we own an equity interest in an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and dividends paid to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. Any resulting corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the value of our common stock. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT. As a result, the amount available for distribution to holders of equity securities that would otherwise receive dividends would be reduced for the year or years involved.

The opinion of our special counsel regarding our status as a REIT does not guarantee our ability to qualify as a REIT.

Our special counsel, Kirkland & Ellis LLP, has rendered an opinion to us to the effect that we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT and our proposed method of operation described in this registration statement and as represented by management has enabled us, and will enable us, to satisfy the requirements for such qualification. This opinion is based on representations made by us as to certain factual matters relating to our organization and our actual and intended or expected manner of operation. In addition, this opinion is based on the law existing and in effect on the Effective Date. Our qualification and taxation as a REIT will depend on our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual operating results, asset composition, distribution levels, diversity of share ownership and the various qualification tests imposed under the Code discussed below. Kirkland & Ellis LLP will not review our compliance with these tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will satisfy such tests on a continuing basis. Also, the opinion of Kirkland & Ellis LLP represents counsel’s legal judgment based on the law in effect as of the Effective Date, is not binding on the IRS or any court, and could be subject to modification or withdrawal based on future legislative, judicial or administrative changes to U.S. federal income tax laws, any of which could be applied retroactively. Kirkland & Ellis LLP has no obligation to advise us or the holders of our stock of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed in its opinion or of any subsequent change in applicable law.

We may in the future choose to pay dividends in the form of our own common stock, in which case stockholders may be required to pay income taxes in excess of the cash dividends they receive.

We may seek in the future to distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash or our common stock. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, stockholders receiving dividends in the form of common stock may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received, if any. If a U.S. stockholder sells the common stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than

 

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the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. In addition, in such case, a U.S. stockholder could have a capital loss with respect to the common stock sold that could not be used to offset such dividend income. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common stock. In addition, such a taxable share dividend could be viewed as equivalent to a reduction in our cash distributions, and that factor, as well as the possibility that a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, may put downward pressure on the market price of our common stock.

Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.

The maximum tax rate applicable to income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is currently 20% (and an additional 3.8% tax on net investment income may also be applicable). Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates applicable to “qualified dividends”. Although these rules do not adversely affect the taxation of REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our common stock.

REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.

We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, in order for us to qualify as a REIT so that U.S. federal corporate income tax does not apply to earnings that we distribute. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including any net capital gains, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on any undistributed portion of such taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code and to avoid paying entity level or excise tax. We may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes prepared in accordance with GAAP. In particular, during the first several years of the leases, under the terms of the Lease Agreements, rental income will be allocated for tax purposes generally in an amount greater than cash rents. Further, we may generate taxable income greater than our cash flow from operations after operating expenses and debt service as a result of differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash or the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. In order to avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, we will generally be required to distribute sufficient cash flow after operating expenses and debt service payments to satisfy REIT distribution requirements. While we intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code, we may not have sufficient liquidity to meet the REIT distribution requirements. If our cash flow is insufficient to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell assets at disadvantageous prices, distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions or issue dividends in the form of shares of our common stock to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.

Even if we remain qualified as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.

Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income and state or local income, property

 

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and transfer taxes. For example, in order to meet the REIT qualification requirements, we currently hold and expect in the future to hold some of our assets or conduct certain of our activities through one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries or other subsidiary corporations that will be subject to federal, state, and local corporate-level income taxes as regular C corporations (i.e., corporations generally subject to corporate-level income tax under Subchapter C of Chapter 1 the Code). In addition, we may incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a taxable REIT subsidiary if they are not conducted on an arm’s length basis. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive opportunities.

To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that, at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and “real estate assets” (as defined in the Code), including certain mortgage loans and securities. The remainder of our investments (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a taxable REIT subsidiary) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our total assets (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a taxable REIT subsidiary) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders. In addition to the asset tests set forth above, to qualify as a REIT we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be unable to pursue investments that would be otherwise advantageous to us in order to satisfy the source-of-income or asset-diversification requirements for qualifying as a REIT. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make certain attractive investments.

If our Operating Partnership failed to qualify as a partnership or a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and suffer other adverse consequences.

We believe that our Operating Partnership will be treated as a partnership or a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a partnership or a disregarded entity, our Operating Partnership is not subject to federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including us, is allocated, and may be required to pay tax with respect to, its share of our Operating Partnership’s income. As of the Effective Date, our Operating Partnership was treated as a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes and all of its income will be allocated to us. We cannot assure you, however, that the IRS will not challenge the status of our Operating Partnership or any other subsidiary partnership in which we own an interest as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating our Operating Partnership or any such other subsidiary partnership as an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it is likely that we would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, we would likely cease to qualify as a REIT. Also, the failure of our Operating Partnership or any subsidiary partnerships to qualify as a partnership or a disregarded entity could cause it to become subject to federal and state corporate income tax, which would reduce significantly the amount of cash available for debt service and for distribution to its partners, including us.

We may be subject to built-in gains tax on the disposition of certain of our properties.

If we acquire certain properties in tax-deferred transactions, which properties were held by one or more C corporations before they were held by us, we may be subject to a built-in gain tax on future disposition of such properties. This is the case with respect to all or substantially all of the properties acquired from CEOC pursuant to the Restructuring. If we dispose of any such properties during the five-year period following acquisition of the

 

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properties from the respective C corporation (i.e., during the five-year period following ownership of such properties by a REIT), we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax (and applicable state and local taxes) at the highest corporate tax rates on any gain recognized from the disposition of such properties to the extent of the excess of the fair market value of the properties on the date that they were contributed to or acquired by us in a tax-deferred transaction over the adjusted tax basis of such properties on such date, which are referred to as built-in gains. Similarly, if we recognize certain other income considered to be built-in income during the five-year period following the property acquisitions described above, we could be subject to U.S. federal tax under the built-in gains tax rules. We would be subject to this corporate-level tax liability (without the benefit of the deduction for dividends paid) even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT. Any recognized built-in gain will retain its character as ordinary income or capital gain and will be taken into account in determining REIT taxable income and the REIT distribution requirements. Any tax on the recognized built-in gain will reduce REIT taxable income. We may choose to forego otherwise attractive opportunities to sell assets in a taxable transaction during the five-year built-in gain recognition period in order to avoid this built-in gain tax. However, there can be no assurance that such a taxable transaction will not occur. The amount of any such built-in gain tax could be material and the resulting tax liability could have a negative effect on our cash flow and limit our ability to pay distributions required to maintain our status as a REIT.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our assets and liabilities. Income from certain hedging transactions that we may enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets or from transactions to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that satisfy the REIT gross income tests (including gain from the termination of such a transaction) does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests that apply to REITs, provided that certain identification requirements are met. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions or fail to properly identify such transaction as a hedge, the income is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may be required to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a taxable REIT subsidiary. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because the taxable REIT subsidiary may be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates that we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in the taxable REIT subsidiary will generally not provide any tax benefit, except that such losses could theoretically be carried back or forward against past or future taxable income of the taxable REIT subsidiary.

We may pay a purging distribution, if any, in common stock and cash.

In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute any “earnings and profits,” as defined in the Code, that are allocated from CEOC to us in connection with the spin-off transaction by the end of the first taxable year in which we elect REIT status (the “purging distribution”). Based on analysis of CEOC’s earnings and profits, we currently do not expect to have any earnings and profits allocated to us in connection with the spin-off and therefore do not currently expect to be required to make a purging distribution. If notwithstanding this expectation we are required to make a purging distribution, we may pay the purging distribution to our shareholders in a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. Each of our shareholders will be permitted to elect to receive the shareholder’s entire entitlement under the purging distribution in either cash or shares of our common stock, subject to a cash limitation. If our shareholders elect to receive an amount of cash in excess of the cash limitation, each such electing shareholder will receive a pro rata amount of cash corresponding to the shareholder’s respective entitlement under the purging distribution declaration. In a purging distribution, if any, a shareholder of our common stock will be required to report dividend income equal to the amount of cash and common stock received as a result of the purging distribution even though we may distribute no cash or only nominal amounts of cash to such shareholder.

 

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Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure

Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.

The Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) provides that a director has no liability in any action based on an act of the director if he or she has acted in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the corporation’s best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. As permitted by the MGCL, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to our company and our stockholders for money damages to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Under Maryland law, our present directors and officers will not have any liability to us or our stockholders for money damages other than liability resulting from:

 

    actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or

 

    a final judgment based upon a finding that his or her action or failure to act was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer and was material to the cause of action adjudicated.

Our charter provides that we have the power to obligate ourselves, and our amended and restated bylaws (our “bylaws”) obligate us, to indemnify our directors and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities and to pay or reimburse their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide for indemnification and advance expenses to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist under common law.

Our board of directors may change our major corporate, investment and financing policies without stockholder approval and those changes may adversely affect our business.

Our board of directors will determine and may alter or eliminate our major corporate policies, including our acquisition, investment, financing, growth, operations and distribution policies. While our stockholders have the power to elect or remove directors, our stockholders have limited direct control over changes in our policies and those changes could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification, with stockholder approval, may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.

Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, only with the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter, if the board determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on the total return to our stockholders.

Our charter and bylaws contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent an acquisition of our common stock or a change in control.

Our charter and bylaws contain provisions, the exercise or existence of which could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interests, including the following:

 

    Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our stock.

In order for us to qualify as a REIT, no more than 50% of the value of outstanding shares of our stock may be owned, beneficially or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain

 

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entities such as qualified pension plans) during the last half of each taxable year (“closely held”). Subject to certain exceptions, our charter prohibits any stockholder from owning beneficially or constructively, with respect to any class or series of our capital stock, more than 9.8% (in value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of such class or series of our capital stock.

The constructive ownership rules under the Code are complex and may cause the outstanding stock owned by a group of related individuals or entities to be deemed to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of 9.8% or less of the outstanding shares of a class or series of our stock by an individual or entity could cause that individual or entity or another individual or entity to own constructively in excess of the relevant ownership limits.

Among other restrictions on ownership and transfer of shares, our charter also prohibits any person from owning shares of our stock that would result in our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of our common stock or of any of our other capital stock in violation of these restrictions may result in the shares being automatically transferred to a charitable trust or may be void.

These ownership limits may prevent a third-party from acquiring control of us if our board of directors does not grant an exemption from the ownership limits, even if our stockholders believe the change in control is in their best interests. Our board may provide exceptions to the ownership limit for stockholders, subject to certain initial and ongoing conditions designed to protect our status as a REIT.

 

    Our board of directors has the power to cause us to issue and authorize additional shares of our stock without stockholder approval.

Our charter authorizes us to issue authorized but unissued shares of common or preferred stock in addition to the shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of the date of this registration statement. In addition, our board of directors may, without stockholder approval, amend our charter to increase the aggregate number of our shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue and classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common or preferred stock and set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board of directors may establish a class or series of shares of common or preferred stock that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our shares of common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders. See “Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered—Power to Reclassify and Issue Stock.”

Certain provisions of Maryland law may limit the ability of a third-party to acquire control of us.

Certain provisions of the MGCL may have the effect of inhibiting a third-party from acquiring us or of impeding a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could provide our common stockholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of such shares, including:

 

    “business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, (a) prohibit certain business combinations between an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding shares of voting stock or an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding shares of our common stock) or an affiliate of any interested stockholder and us for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and (b) thereafter impose two super-majority stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and

 

   

“control share” provisions that provide that holders of “control shares” of our company (defined as voting shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned or controlled by the

 

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acquirer (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of “control shares”) have no voting rights with respect to “control shares” except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all votes entitled to be cast by the acquirer of control shares, and by any of our officers and employees who are also our directors.

Our charter provides that, notwithstanding any other provision of our charter or our bylaws, the Maryland Business Combination Act (Title 3, Subtitle 6 of the MGCL) will not apply to any business combination between us and any interested stockholder, or any affiliate of an interested stockholder, of ours and that we expressly elect not to be governed by the provisions of Section 3-602 of the MGCL in whole or in part. Any amendment to such provision of our charter must be approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Pursuant to the MGCL, our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. This provision of our bylaws may not be altered, amended or repealed except by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. There can be no assurance that this exemption contained in our bylaws will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

Additionally, Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL permits our board of directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is provided in our charter or bylaws, to implement certain takeover defenses, such as a classified board. However, our charter provides that we are prohibited from electing to be subject to any or all of the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL unless such election is first approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. See “Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered—Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Business Combinations,” “—Control Share Acquisitions” and “—Subtitle 8.”

A small number of our stockholders could significantly influence our business and affairs.

As of the Effective Date, a few stockholders own substantial amounts of our outstanding voting stock. Large holders may be able to affect matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other business combination transactions.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The Mandatory Conversions will significantly dilute holders of our common stock and may have an impact on our ability to raise funds from issuances of our common stock.

In the Mandatory Conversions, on November 6, 2017, the shares of our Series A preferred stock and the junior tranche of the CPLV Mezzanine Debt will be converted into shares of our common stock, which shares will represent approximately 28.0% of the outstanding common stock following the Mandatory Conversions. The Mandatory Conversions will, therefore, result in a significant dilution to the holders of our common stock as of the Effective Date and could result in a reduction in the prevailing market price of a share of our common stock. Decreases or fluctuations in the prevailing price of our common stock could impair or limit our ability to raise funds from issuances of our common stock following the Effective Date.

On the Effective Date, we entered into a registration rights agreement. Holders of our Series A preferred stock and lenders of the junior tranche of the CPLV Mezzanine Debt may become parties to this agreement, which will provide them with registration rights with respect to the common stock issued upon conversion of the Series A preferred stock and CPLV Mezzanine Debt. These registration rights will facilitate the resale of such securities into the public market, and any such resale would increase the number of shares of our common stock available for public trading. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock.

 

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The cash available for distribution to stockholders may not be sufficient to pay dividends at expected levels, nor can we assure you of our ability to make distributions in the future. We may use borrowed funds to make distributions.

If cash available for distribution is less than the amount necessary to make cash distributions, our inability to make the expected distributions could result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock. See “Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters—Dividend Policy.” All distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our REIT qualification and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We may not be able to make distributions in the future. In addition, some of our distributions may include a return of capital. To the extent that we decide to make distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits in the future, such distributions would generally be considered a return of capital for federal income tax purposes to the extent of the holder’s adjusted tax basis in their shares. A return of capital is not taxable, but it has the effect of reducing the holder’s adjusted tax basis in our common stock. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted tax basis of a holder’s shares, they will be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of such stock. If we borrow to fund distributions, our future interest costs would increase, thereby reducing our earnings and cash available for distribution from what they otherwise would have been.

VICI REIT is a holding company with no direct operations and will rely on distributions received from the Operating Partnership to make distributions to its stockholders.

VICI REIT is a holding company and conducts its operations through subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership and the TRS. VICI REIT does not have, apart from the common and preferred units that it will own in the Operating Partnership, any independent operations. As a result, VICI REIT will rely on distributions from its Operating Partnership to make any distributions to its stockholders it might declare on its common stock and to meet any of its obligations, including tax liability on taxable income allocated to it from the Operating Partnership (which might not be able to make distributions to VICI REIT equal to the tax on such allocated taxable income). In turn, the ability of subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership to make distributions to the Operating Partnership, and therefore, the ability of the Operating Partnership to make distributions to VICI REIT, will depend on the operating results of these subsidiaries and the Operating Partnership and on the terms of any financing arrangements they have entered into. In addition, because VICI REIT is a holding company, claims of common stockholders of VICI REIT will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and other obligations (whether or not for borrowed money) and any preferred equity of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, VICI REIT’s assets and those of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries will be available to satisfy the claims of VICI REIT common stockholders only after all of VICI REIT’s, the Operating Partnership’s and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and other obligations and any preferred equity of any of them have been paid in full.

The Operating Partnership may, in connection with its acquisition of additional properties or otherwise, issue additional common units or preferred units to third parties. Such issuances would reduce VICI REIT’s ownership in the Operating Partnership. Because stockholders of VICI REIT do not directly own common units or preferred units of the Operating Partnership, they do not have any voting rights with respect to any such issuances or other partnership level activities of the Operating Partnership.

Conflicts of interest could arise between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of Operating Partnership units which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.

Conflicts of interest could arise as a result of the relationships between us, on the one hand, and our Operating Partnership or any limited partner thereof, if any, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to us under applicable Maryland law. At the same time, we, as general partner of our Operating Partnership, have fiduciary duties and obligations to our Operating Partnership and its limited partners under Delaware law and the

 

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partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership in connection with the management of our Operating Partnership. Our duties as general partner to our Operating Partnership and its limited partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to VICI REIT. These conflicts may be resolved in a manner that is not in the best interests of our stockholders.

Transfer of our common stock may be limited in the absence of an active trading market for our shares.

There is currently no public market for our common stock and there is no guarantee that we will be able to list our shares on a securities exchange. We cannot predict the extent to which a trading market will develop or how liquid that market might become. An active trading market may not develop or, if developed, may not be sustained. The lack of an active market may impair your ability to sell your shares at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that you consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the market price of your shares.

The market price of our common stock could be adversely affected by market conditions and by our actual and expected future earnings and level of cash dividends.

Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions, could reduce the market price of shares without regard to our operating performance. For example, the trading prices of equity securities issued by REITs have historically been affected by changes in market interest rates. One of the factors that may influence the market price of our common stock is the annual yield from distributions on our common stock as compared to yields on other financial instruments. An increase in market interest rates, or a decrease in our distributions to stockholders, may lead prospective purchasers of shares of our common stock to demand a higher distribution rate or seek alternative investments. As a result, if interest rates rise, it is likely that the market price of our common stock will decrease as market rates on interest-bearing securities increase. In addition, our operating results could be below the expectations of investors, and in response the market price of our shares could decrease significantly. The market value of the equity securities of a REIT is also based upon the market’s perception of the REIT’s growth potential and its current and potential future cash distributions, whether from operations, sales or refinancings, and is secondarily based upon the real estate market value of the underlying assets. For that reason, our common stock may trade at prices that are higher or lower than our net asset value per share. To the extent we retain operating cash flow for investment purposes, working capital reserves or other purposes, these retained funds, while increasing the value of our underlying assets, may not correspondingly increase the market price of our common stock. Our failure to meet the market’s expectations with regard to future earnings and cash distributions likely would adversely affect the market price of our common stock and, in such instances, you may be unable to resell your shares at a price you find reasonable.

 

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ITEM 2. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data

The following table sets forth the selected combined historical financial data of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor, the operations of which were contributed to our TRS on the Effective Date. The following selected historical combined financial data of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor for the six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 and the selected historical combined balance sheet data as of June 30, 2017 have been derived from the unaudited combined condensed financial statements of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor included elsewhere in this registration statement. The following selected historical combined financial data of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 and the selected historical combined balance sheet data as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 have been derived from the audited combined financial statements of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor included elsewhere in this registration statement.

The following selected historical financial data does not reflect the financial position or results of operations of VICI REIT for the periods indicated. This historical financial data only reflects the historical operations of the golf course properties, which comprise a small portion of our total operations. The following table should be read in conjunction with “Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Financial Information,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” the historical combined financial statements of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor and the financial information of VICI REIT included elsewhere herein.

 

    Six Months Ended
June 30,
    Year Ended
December 31,
 
    2017     2016     2016     2015     2014  
                (in thousands)  

Income statement data:

         

Net revenues

  $ 9,725     $ 9,679     $ 18,785     $ 18,077     $ 18,908  

Total operating expenses

    9,725       9,674       18,778       18,059       18,869  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income from operations

    —         5       7       18       39  

Interest expense, net

    —         (5     (7     (18     (39
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

    —         —         —         —         —    

Income tax benefit

    —         —         —         3       4  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

  $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 3     $ 4  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other data:

         

Net cash provided by operating activities

  $ 1,636     $ 1,299     $ 2,721     $ 2,888     $ 3,073  

Net cash used in investing activities

    (200     —         (869     (732     (11

Net cash used in financing activities

    (2,181     (990     (1,283     (2,026     (2,968

Depreciation

    1,601       1,451       3,030       2,882       2,904  

Capital expenditures

    200       —         869       798       17  

Balance sheet data (as of period end):

         

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 175       $ 920     $ 351    

Total assets

    88,355         90,475       92,034    

Long-term debt

    —           —         14    

Liabilities subject to compromise

    254         265       267    

Shareholders’ equity

    81,976         84,143       85,375    

 

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Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma combined condensed balance sheet of VICI REIT as of June 30, 2017, gives effect to the Restructuring as if it had occurred on June 30, 2017, and the following unaudited pro forma combined condensed statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2016 give effect to the Restructuring as if it had occurred on January 1, 2016. See “Summary—The Restructuring.” The unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X.

The following unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information does not reflect the financial position or results of operations of VICI REIT for the periods indicated. The assumptions used and pro forma adjustments derived from such assumptions are based on currently available information, and in many cases are based on estimates and preliminary information. The assumptions underlying the pro forma adjustments are described in the accompanying notes to these pro forma financial statements. We believe such assumptions are reasonable under the circumstances and reflect the best currently available estimates and judgments. However, the pro forma financial information may not be indicative of our future performance and does not necessarily reflect what our financial position and results of operations would have been had the Restructuring occurred at the beginning of the period presented.

The unaudited pro forma financial statements should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” the financial statements of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor, the balance sheets of VICI REIT and the combined statements of investments of real estate assets to be contributed to VICI REIT, included elsewhere in this registration statement.

The following unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial statements give effect to the Restructuring, including:

 

    the transfer of CEOC’s real property assets to VICI REIT and its subsidiaries;

 

    the execution of the Lease Agreements;

 

    the incurrence by subsidiaries of VICI REIT of approximately $4.92 billion of new indebtedness;

 

    the transfer of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor to our TRS;

 

    the entry into the Golf Course Use Agreement;

 

    the issuance of 177,160,494 shares of VICI REIT common stock to certain of CEOC’s creditors; and

 

    the issuance of 12,000,000 shares of Series A preferred stock with an aggregate liquidation preference of $300.0 million to certain of CEOC’s creditors and backstop investors.

Debt issuance costs incurred will be paid for by CEOC and will not offset the gross amounts of the debt reflected in the pro forma financial statements.

The pro forma balance sheets do not give effect to the Mandatory Conversions of our Series A preferred stock and $250.0 million of junior CPLV Mezzanine Debt. As a result, the junior tranche of the CPLV Mezzanine Debt and the Series A preferred stock are reflected on our pro forma balance sheet. As a result of the Mandatory Conversions, such tranche and preferred stock will be exchanged for common stock on November 6, 2017. The shares issued in the Mandatory Conversions will represent 28.0% of the outstanding common stock after giving effect to the Mandatory Conversions. The pro forma income statement gives effect to the Mandatory Conversions as of November 6, 2017.

The pro forma financial statements give effect to the application of “fresh start” reporting in accordance with ASC 852—Reorganizations (“ASC 852”). The pro forma adjustments are based on an assumed fair value of approximately $8.3 billion of the assets of VICI REIT. Fair values of assets and liabilities, including leases, on

 

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the pro forma balance sheet are based on preliminary valuations, have been made solely for purposes of developing the pro forma combined financial information and are subject to further revisions and adjustments. Updates to such preliminary valuations will be completed in the periods subsequent to those reported in this registration statement and will be calculated as of the Effective Date and, to the extent such updates reflect a valuation different than those used in these pro forma financial statements, there may be adjustments in the carrying values of certain assets and liabilities and related deferred taxes and such adjustments may also affect the revenues and expense, that would be recognized in the statement of operations following the Effective Date. As such, the following pro forma financial information is not intended to represent our actual post-Effective Date financial condition and statement of operations, and any differences could be material.

 

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Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Balance Sheet

As of June 30, 2017

(in thousands)

 

    VICI
REIT (a)
    Caesars
Entertainment
Outdoor (b)
    Real Estate
Assets to be
Contributed (c)
    Pro-Forma
Adjustments
    Total
Pro-Forma
 

Assets

         

Real Estate Investments:

         

Accounted for using the operating method

  $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 1,185,000  (d)    $ 1,185,000  

Accounted for using the direct financing method

    —         —         —         7,040,000  (d)      7,040,000  

Property, net

    —         —         4,841,723       (4,841,723 )(d)      —    

Property and equipment, used in operations, net

    —         87,430       —         (12,430 )(e)      75,000  

Cash and cash equivalents

    —         175       —         56,525  (f)      56,700  

Deferred income taxes

    —         —         —         —          —    

Other assets

    —         750       —         —          750  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  $ —       $ 88,355     $ 4,841,723     $ 3,427,372     $ 8,357,450  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities

         

Debt

  $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 4,917,000  (g)    $ 4,917,000  

Accounts payable

    —         303       —         (303 )(h)      —    

Accrued expenses

    —         779       —         (779 )(h)      —    

Deferred income taxes

    —         5,043       —         50  (e)(i)      5,093  

Other liabilities

    —         254       —         (254 )(h)      —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

    —         6,379       —         4,915,714        4,922,093  

Commitments and contingencies

         

Convertible redeemable preferred stock

    —         —         —         758,814 (j)      758,814  

Equity

         

Net investments

    —         81,924       4,841,723       3,383,277  (d)   
    —         —         —         (8,080 )(e)   
    —         —         —         (4,400 )(i)   
    —         —         —         56,525  (f)   
    —         —         —         (1,772 )(k)   
    —         —         —         (4,917,000 )(g)   
    —         —         —         303  (h)   
    —         —         —         779  (h)   
    —         —         —         254  (h)   
    —         —         —         (758,814 )(j)   
    —         —         —         52  (l)   
          (2,674,771  

Common stock

    —         —         —         1,772  (k)      1,772  

Additional paid in capital

    —         —         —         2,674,771        2,674,771  

Retained earnings

    —         52       —         (52 )(l)      —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity

    —         81,976       4,841,723       (2,247,156     2,676,543  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities, redeemable preferred stock, and equity

  $ —       $ 88,355     $ 4,841,723     $ 3,427,372      $ 8,357,450  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of, and should be read together with, this unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information.

 

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Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Statement of Operations

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

     VICI
REIT (aa)
     Caesars
Entertainment
Outdoor (bb)
     Pro-Forma
Adjustments
    Total
Pro-Forma
 

Revenues

          

Earned income from direct financing leases

   $ —      $ —      $ 316,079  (cc)    $ 316,079  

Rental income from operating leases

     —        —        24,250  (dd)      24,250  

Golf course

     —        9,725        4,858  (ee)      14,583  

Property taxes reimbursed

     —             28,836  (ff)      28,836  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     —        9,725        374,023       383,748  

Operating expenses

          

Depreciation

     —        1,601        (365 )(gg)      1,236  

Golf course

     —        7,076        —         7,076  

General and administrative

     —        1,048        1,006  (hh)      2,054  

Property taxes

     —        —        28,836  (ff)      28,836  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     —        9,725        29,477        39,202  

Operating income

     —        —        344,546        344,546  

Interest expense, net

     —        —        (123,748 ) (ii)      (123,748
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     —        —        220,798       220,798  

Provision for income taxes

     —        —        (1,828 ) (jj)      (1,828
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

   $ —      $ —      $ 218,970     $ 218,970  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive securities outstanding

 

 

Basic

           246,224,886  (kk)      246,224,886  

Diluted

           246,224,886       246,224,886  

Basic earnings per common share

         $ 0.89     $ 0.89  
        

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted earnings per common share

         $ 0.89     $ 0.89  
        

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of, and should be read together with, this unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information.

 

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Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Statement of Operations

For the Year Ended December 31, 2016

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

    VICI
REIT (aa)
     Caesars
Entertainment
Outdoor (bb)
    Pro-Forma
Adjustments
    Total
Pro-Forma
 

Revenues

        

Earned income from direct financing leases

  $ —        $ —       $ 628,976  (cc)    $ 628,976  

Rental income from operating leases

    —          —         48,500  (dd)      48,500  

Golf course

    —          18,785       8,651  (ee)      27,436  

Property taxes reimbursed

    —          —         57,672  (ff)      57,672  
 

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

    —          18,785       743,799        762,584  

Operating expenses

        

Depreciation

    —          3,030       (557 )(gg)      2,473  

Golf course

    —          13,739       —          13,739  

General and administrative

    —          2,009       2,012  (hh)      4,021  

Property taxes

    —          —         57,672  (ff)      57,672  
 

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

    —          18,778       59,127        77,905  

Operating income

    —          7       684,672        684,679  

Interest expense, net

    —          (7     (247,496 )(ii)      (247,503
 

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

    —          —         437,176       437,176  

Provision for income taxes

    —          —         (3,223 )(jj)      (3,223
 

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

  $ —        $ —       $ 433,953      $ 433,953  
 

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive securities outstanding

 

 

Basic

         242,440,536  (kk)      242,440,536  

Diluted

         242,440,536       242,440,536  

Basic earnings per common share

         1.79     $ 1.79  
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted earnings per common share

       $ 1.79     $ 1.79  
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of, and should be read together with, this unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information.

 

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Note 1—Balance Sheet Pro Forma Adjustments

 

(a) VICI REIT was formed as Rubicon Controlled LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, on July 5, 2016, and was renamed VICI Properties Inc. and converted into a Maryland corporation on May 5, 2017. VICI REIT had no assets and had not had any operating activity prior to the Effective Date.

 

(b) Represents the balance sheet derived from the historical unaudited combined condensed financial statements of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor, included elsewhere in this registration statement. Caesars Entertainment Outdoor was transferred to our TRS on the Effective Date.

 

(c) Represents amounts derived from the historical unaudited Combined Statement of Investments of Real Estate Assets to be Contributed to VICI REIT from CEOC, which is included elsewhere in this registration statement.

 

(d) Represents the adjustment to the real estate assets to fair value on the Effective Date under ASC 852 for real estate assets under lease through the Lease Agreements and the reclassification of such real estate assets as investments in direct financing leases and operating leases.

The real estate assets are valued using an income approach and, more specifically, the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) technique. Future lease payments for the properties are modeled according to the terms contained in the Lease Agreements. Although management believes the length of the leases with CEOC LLC will extend to the full thirty-five year lease term per the Lease Agreements, the real property valuation analysis contemplates typical market participant oriented nine and 14 year hold periods as a best methodology to estimate the value of the cash flow during the full term lease. Appropriate expenses are estimated and deducted from the future contract rent to derive expected future cash flows. Terminal or reversion values are calculated for both hold period scenarios based on estimated market terminal capitalization rates. The DCF technique estimates value by discounting back to present value the anticipated future cash flows for the interim periods in the DCF model plus the present value of the terminal values using an appropriate discount rate. The discount rate was derived based upon a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”). The WACC was estimated based upon observations of a peer group or guideline companies whose stock was publicly traded on recognized exchanges as such guideline companies were considered comparable to the Company. Factors considered in deriving a WACC included general market rates of return at the valuation date, business risks associated with the industry in which VICI REIT operates, and other specific risk factors deemed appropriate. An estimated discount rate of 9.0% was selected as a base rate for all properties. Individual property discount rates were then adjusted based on the specific additional aforementioned risk factors and, once adjusted, ranged from 7.5% to 17.5%.

Under guidance in ASC 840—Leases (“ASC 840”), the Lease Agreements are bifurcated between operating leases and direct financing leases. The fair value assigned to certain portions of the land qualify for operating lease treatment while the fair value assigned to the buildings is classified as a direct financing lease, and portion of the land which was not bifurcated is also classified as part of direct financing lease.

Land accounted for under the operating method has an indefinite useful life and is not depreciated.

The Company’s investment in direct financing leases consisted of the following as of June 30, 2017:

 

(in thousands)       

Minimum lease payments receivable (a)

   $ 25,898,155.1  

Estimated residual values of leased property (unguaranteed)

     602,142.9  
  

 

 

 

Gross investment in direct financing leases

     26,500,298.0  

Unamortized initial direct costs

     —    

Less: Unearned income

     (19,460,298.0
  

 

 

 

Net investment in direct financing leases

   $ 7,040,000.0  
  

 

 

 

 

  (a) Minimum lease payments do not include contingent rent that may be received under the Lease Agreements. Contingent rent amounted to $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016.

 

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At June 30, 2017, minimum lease payments for each of the five succeeding fiscal years are as follows:

 

(in thousands)       

2017

   $   315,000.0  

2018

     631,650.0  

2019

     634,983.0  

2020

     638,382.7  

2021

     641,850.3  

 

(e) Represents the adjustment to fair value of $75.0 million for the Caesars Entertainment Outdoor assets and liabilities based on a preliminary purchase price allocation and the related impact to historical deferred tax liability relating to the assets adjusted. The assets and liabilities contributed will be reported in accordance with fresh start reporting.

 

(f) Represents cash contributed by CEOC on the Effective Date pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization.

 

(g) Represents the gross amounts of indebtedness incurred by subsidiaries of VICI REIT described below. The respective financing and issuance costs incurred for debt issued in connection with the Restructuring will be paid by CEOC.

Pro forma debt of VICI REIT includes Term Loans with a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.5%, maturing in 2022; First Lien Notes with interest rates based on the sum of (A) the greater of (i) LIBOR and (ii) 1.0% plus (B) 3.5%, maturing in 2022; Second Lien Notes with a fixed interest rate of 8.0% maturing in 2023; CPLV CMBS Debt, maturing in 2023; and CPLV Mezzanine Debt.

The table below shows the amount of debt outstanding on the Effective Date prior to and after giving effect to the Mandatory Conversions.

 

Debt / Security

   Prior to Mandatory
Conversions
     After Mandatory
Conversions
 

CPLV Debt

   $ 2,200.0 million      $ 1,950.0 million  

Term Loans and First Lien Notes

     1,950.1 million        1,950.1 million  

Second Lien Notes

     766.9 million        766.9 million  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Debt

     4,917.0 million        4,667.0 million  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The pro forma assumes that the weighted average yield on the CPLV CMBS Debt and CPLV Mezzanine Debt will result in annual cash interest payments of $97.3 million, based upon the rates provided in the respective loan agreements.

The pro forma weighted average interest rate on VICI REIT’s pro forma indebtedness described above is 5.03%.

 

(h) Represents reversal of accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities recorded on the historical Caesars Entertainment Outdoor financial statements that were not transferred to VICI REIT in connection with the Restructuring.

 

(i) Represents the reversal of the historical deferred tax liability associated with property and equipment that was retained by CEOC. The pro forma combined condensed financial information has been prepared based on the assumption that VICI REIT qualifies as a REIT under the Code. As such, VICI REIT generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax to the extent it distributes its REIT taxable income to its shareholders. As a REIT, we are legally required to distribute 90% of taxable income. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on any undistributed portion of such taxable income. REITs are subject to a number of other organizational and operational requirements. We may still be subject to (i) certain state and local taxes on our income and property and (ii) federal corporate income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.

 

 

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(j) Represents the fair value of the Series A preferred stock to be issued pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization giving effect to the Mandatory Preferred Conversion and the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion, which collectively will result in the issuance of an aggregate of 146,224,886 shares of common stock. Due to the redemption and repayment provisions of the Series A preferred stock, it is classified as mezzanine equity in accordance with ASC 480. See “Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered—Preferred Stock—Series A Preferred Stock.”

 

(k) Represents the par value of 177,160,494 shares of common stock issued pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization prior to the Mandatory Conversions. Subsequent to the Mandatory Conversions, 246,224,886 shares of common stock will be issued and outstanding.

 

(l) Represents retained earnings of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor that were not transferred to VICI REIT on adoption of Fresh Start reporting.

Note 2—Statement of Operations Pro Forma Adjustments

 

(aa) VICI REIT was formed as Rubicon Controlled LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, on July 5, 2016, and was renamed VICI Properties Inc. and converted into a Maryland corporation on May 5, 2017. VICI REIT had no assets and had not had any operating activity prior to the Effective Date.

 

(bb) Represents the results of operations derived from the historical unaudited and audited combined financial statements of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor, included elsewhere in this registration statement. Caesars Entertainment Outdoor was transferred to our TRS on the Effective Date, including the historical expenses directly associated with the assets contributed by CEOC, comprised of depreciation, property taxes, insurance, operating expenses and payroll costs.

 

(cc) Represents lease income associated with the rent from the Lease Agreements which are accounted for as direct financing leases. Under the CPLV Lease Agreement, base rent is $165.0 million for the first seven years with an annual increase of the greater of 2% or the increase in the Consumer Price Index commencing in the second year. Beginning in the eighth year, a portion of the rent amount will be designated as variable rent and will be adjusted periodically to reflect changes in net revenue for the respective property through the end of the lease term. At each renewal term, the base rent amount will be set at the fair market value for the rent but will not be less than the amount of rent due from CEOC in the immediately preceding year nor will the rent increase by more than 10% compared to the immediately preceding year. The portion of the overall rent amount attributable to any facility for which the renewal term extends beyond 80% of its useful life will be adjusted to fair market value for that facility.

Under each of the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and Joliet Lease Agreement, base rent is equal to $433.3 million and $39.6 million, respectively, for the first seven years with an annual increase of the greater of 2% and the increase in the Consumer Price Index commencing in the sixth year. With respect to the Joliet Lease Agreement, we are entitled to receive 80% of the rent pursuant to the operating agreement of our joint venture, Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC. Beginning in the eighth year, a portion of each rent amount will be designated as variable rent and will be adjusted periodically to reflect changes in net revenue for the respective properties through the end of the lease term. At each renewal term, each base rent amount will be set at the fair market value for the rent but will not be less than the amount of rent due from CEOC in the immediately preceding year nor will such rent increase by more than 10% compared to the immediately preceding year.

Base rent and variable rent that is known at the lease commencement date will be recorded on an effective interest method basis over the thirty-five year lease term, which includes the initial fifteen-year non-cancelable lease term and all four five-year renewal terms under the Lease Agreements, as such renewal terms have been determined to be reasonably assured.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016, pro forma rent payments accounted for under the direct financing lease method total $292.4 million and $581.5 million, respectively. Pro forma earned income from direct financing leases is $316.1 million and $629.0 million, respectively.

 

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The difference of $23.7 million and $47.5 million, respectively, represents the adjustment to recognize fixed amounts due under the Lease Agreements on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the lease term.

 

(dd) Represents the portion of lease income associated with the rent from the Lease Agreements that is accounted for under the operating lease method. Rental income was allocated to operating lease assets based on CEOC LLC’s incremental borrowing rate in accordance with ASC 840—Leases.

 

(ee) Represents the increase in revenues resulting from the Golf Course Use Agreement by and among subsidiaries of VICI Golf LLC, CEOC, LLC and Ceasars Enterprise Services, LLC (among others). Revenues under this agreement are comprised of a membership fee, use fee and minimum rounds fee.

 

(ff) Represents reimbursements from CEOC for the property taxes paid by CEOC under the Lease Agreements with offsetting expenses recorded in operating expenses, as one of our subsidiaries is the primary obligor.

 

(gg) Represents the change in depreciation expense for the assets of Caesar Entertainment Outdoor due to recording the assets at fair value under ASC 852. The depreciation expense is recorded over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets using the straight-line method.

 

(hh) Represents additional general and administrative costs, including payroll costs, IT costs, rent expense and external audit fees incurred independently to operate the REIT as independent company. This adjustment represents the costs which were determined to be factually supportable, directly attributable to and, with respect to the pro forma statement of operations, expected to have a continuing impact.

We also expect to incur other additional costs, including but not limited to salaries, director’s and officer’s insurance, tax advisory, and legal fees. Additionally, we expect to incur incremental costs as a result of becoming a publicly traded company. As these amounts are not directly attributable to the Restructuring, an adjustment for such additional general and administrative costs has been excluded.

We estimate that general and administrative costs for VICI REIT on a combined basis, including costs of being a reporting company, could result in incremental general and administrative expenses of $22 million to $24 million per year.

 

(ii) Represents interest expense related to borrowings incurred by our subsidiaries in connection with the Restructuring. It is estimated that a 1% increase or decrease in the annual interest rate on our variable rate obligations would increase or decrease our annual cash interest expense by approximately $19.5 million on an annual basis. See note (g) for additional details regarding this debt.

 

(jj) Reflects the income tax expense expected to be incurred by Caesars Entertainment Outdoor as a taxable REIT subsidiary based on an estimated effective income tax rate of 35% consistent with Caesars Entertainment Outdoor’s historical effective income tax rate.

 

(kk) Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and the effect of potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period.

 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our predecessor’s combined financial statements and our pro forma consolidated financial statements, and, in each case, the related notes, included elsewhere in this registration statement. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this registration statement, including information with respect to our business and growth strategies, statements regarding the industry outlook, our expectations regarding the future performance of our business and the other non-historical statements contained herein are forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements.” You should also review the “Risk Factors” section of this registration statement for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by such forward-looking statements.

Overview

VICI REIT is a newly-formed Maryland corporation. In connection with the Restructuring and pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization, CEOC contributed to VICI REIT substantially all of CEOC’s real property assets, as well as the assets and liabilities of the Caesars Entertainment Outdoor, in exchange for all of the common stock and Series A preferred stock of VICI REIT. VICI REIT contributed the real property assets to the Operating Partnership and the Caesars Entertainment Outdoor operations to its wholly-owned subsidiary, TRS. On the Effective Date, CEOC distributed VICI REIT common stock and Series A preferred stock to former creditors of the Debtors pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization. See “Summary—The Restructuring.” We intend to elect on our U.S. federal income tax return for our taxable year ending December 31, 2017 to be treated as a REIT and TRS will elect to be treated as a “taxable REIT subsidiary” effective on the first day of the first taxable year of VICI REIT as a REIT. In connection with the Restructuring, we leased back our properties, other than the golf course properties, to subsidiaries of CEOC under the Lease Agreements. See “Business—Relationship between VICI REIT and CEOC and CEC—Lease Agreements.”

Discussion of the Historical Results of Operations of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor

The following discussion relates to the historical operations of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor, which, following the Restructuring, are owned by VICI Golf, our taxable REIT subsidiary. The golf courses include the Cascata golf course in Boulder City, Nevada, the Rio Secco golf course in Henderson, Nevada, the Grand Bear golf course in Biloxi, Mississippi and the Chariot Run golf course in Laconia, Indiana. Going forward, the assets and liabilities of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor will be reflected on our consolidated balance sheet, together with other real estate assets and liabilities acquired by us at fair value. Going forward, such assets and liabilities will not be comparable to the assets and liabilities of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor due to the application of fresh-start reporting and will be recorded at fair value.

Six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to six months ended June 30, 2016

Net revenues for Caesars Entertainment Outdoor were $9.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 were comprised of golf revenues of $7.5 million, food and beverage revenues of $1.1 million and retail and other revenues of $1.1 million. Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2016 were comprised of golf revenues of $7.3 million, food and beverage revenues of $1.2 million and retail and other revenues of $1.2 million.

Operating expenses for Caesars Entertainment Outdoor were $9.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

Year ended December 31, 2016 compared to year ended December 31, 2015

Net revenues for Caesars Entertainment Outdoor were $18.8 million and $18.1 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Revenues for 2016 were comprised of golf revenues of $14.6 million, food and beverage revenues

 

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of $2.1 million and retail and other revenues of $2.1 million. Revenues for 2015 were comprised of golf revenues of $14.1 million, food and beverage revenues of $2.1 million and retail and other revenues of $1.9 million.

Operating expenses for Caesars Entertainment Outdoor increased $0.7 million, or 4.0%, to $18.8 million in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily due to higher direct golf expenses associated with higher golf revenues.

Year ended December 31, 2015 compared to year ended December 31, 2014

Net revenues for Caesars Entertainment Outdoor were $18.1 million and $18.9 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 were comprised of golf revenues of $14.1 million, food and beverage revenues of $2.1 million and retail and other revenues of $1.9 million. Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014 were comprised of golf revenues of $14.5 million, food and beverage revenues of $2.3 million and retail and other revenues of $2.1 million.

Operating expenses for Caesars Entertainment Outdoor decreased $0.8 million, or 4.3%, to $18.1 million in 2015 when compared to 2014, primarily due to lower direct golf expenses driven by lower golf revenues.

Revenues

The substantial majority of our revenues is derived from our leased properties, with the balance derived from our golf course operations. On the Effective Date, we entered into three separate Lease Agreements: one with respect to the CPLV properties, one with respect to all other properties (other than the golf course properties and the Joliet facilities), and one with respect to the Joliet facilities. Each agreement has an initial 15 year term, subject to four five-year renewal terms at the option of the respective tenant. The rent is comprised of base rent and variable rent components which are described below:

CPLV Lease Rent

Base Rent: CPLV Lease Agreement

The base rent is a fixed amount initially equal to $165.0 million annually during the first seven years of the CPLV Lease Agreement. The fixed amount includes an annual rent escalator for years two through seven of the lease that is equal to the greater of (i) 2% and (ii) the increase of the Consumer Price Index from the prior year. After year seven, base rent in year eight through ten will be equal to 80% of the base rent for year seven increased by the escalator. Base rent in subsequent years during the initial term will be equal to the base rent of the immediately preceding year plus the applicable escalator. Base rent during each renewal term will be equal to fair market value rent, but no less than the base rent in the prior year and no more than 110% of the base rent in the prior year.

Variable Rent: CPLV Lease Agreement

The Variable Rent commences in year eight and is applicable to lease years eight through ten. The variable rent consists of a fixed annual amount of 20% of the rent for year seven increased or decreased, as applicable by 13% of the difference between the annual revenue of the CPLV facilities for year seven compared to the year prior to the first year of the lease term, as described above. Thereafter, the variable rent for years eleven through the initial stated expiration date will be a fixed annual amount equal to the variable rent in years eight through ten, increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13% of the difference between the annual revenue for the CPLV facilities for year ten compared to year seven, as described above. Variable rent during each renewal term will be equal to the variable rent in effect for the prior year, increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13.0% of the difference in annual revenue from the CPLV facilities from the year prior to the first year of the immediately preceding renewal term to the last year of the immediately preceding renewal term.

 

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Non-CPLV and Joliet Lease Rent

Base Rent: Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and Joliet Lease Agreement

The base rent of each of the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and Joliet Lease Agreement is a fixed annual amount initially equal to $433.3 million and $39.6 million, respectively, during the first seven years of each such lease agreement. Each fixed amount includes an annual rent escalator beginning in the sixth lease year that is equal to the greater of (i) 2% and (ii) the increase of the Consumer Price Index from the prior year. After year seven base rent in years eight through ten will be equal to 70% of the base rent for year seven increased by the escalator. Base rent in subsequent years of the initial term will be equal to 80% of year ten base rent plus the annual escalator. Base rent during each renewal term will be equal to fair market value rent, but no less than the base rent in the prior year and no more than 110% of the base rent in the prior year. With respect to the Joliet Lease Agreement, we are entitled to receive 80% of the rent pursuant to the operating agreement of our joint venture, Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC.

Variable Rent: Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and Joliet Lease Agreement

The Variable Rent commences in year eight and is applicable to lease years eight through ten. The variable rent consists of a fixed annual amount of 30% of the rent for year seven increased or decreased, as applicable, by (a) 19.5% of the difference between the annual revenue of Non-CPLV and Joliet facilities for year seven compared to the year prior to the first year of the lease term, as described above. Thereafter, the variable rent for years eleven through the initial stated expiration date will be equal to a fixed annual amount of 20% of the rent for the tenth lease year increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13% of the difference between annual revenue of Non-CPLV and Joliet facilities for year ten compared to year seven, as described above. Variable rent during each renewal term will be equal to the variable rent in effect for the prior year, increased or decreased, as applicable, by 13.0% of the difference in annual revenue from the Non-CPLV and Joliet facilities from the year prior to the first year of the immediately preceding renewal term to the last year of the immediately preceding renewal term.

Revenue Recognition

The accounting treatment of the Lease Agreements is bifurcated between operating leases and direct financing leases. We recognize lease income with respect to the buildings and a portion of the land under the direct financing lease method, and rental revenue with respect to a certain portion of the land under the operating lease method.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016, pro forma cash received under our Lease Agreements was $316.6 million and $630.0 million, respectively, of which $24.2 million and $48.5 million, respectively, were accounted for under the operating lease method and $292.4 million and $581.5 million were accounted for under the direct financing lease method.

Rental income from operating leases was $24.2 million and $48.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 and in 2016, respectively, on a pro forma basis. Pro forma earned income from direct financing leases for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and the year 2016 was $316.1 million and $629.0 million, respectively. On a pro forma basis, earned income from direct financing leases exceeded cash payments accounted for using the direct financing lease method due to the adjustment to recognize fixed amounts due on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the lease term.

Golf Course Revenue

Revenue generated by Caesars Entertainment Outdoor is derived primarily from our golf course operations. As part of the Restructuring, we entered into the Golf Course Use Agreement with Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC and CEOC whereby we will receive a $10 million annual membership fee as consideration for providing

 

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discounted green fees for individuals and events and preferred blocked tee times. The membership fee will be subject to increase or decrease, as applicable, whenever rent under the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement is adjusted in accordance with the terms of the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. The adjusted membership fee will be calculated based on the proportionate increase or decrease, as applicable, in rent under the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. In addition to the annual membership fee, we will also receive use fees and minimum round fees, which will be subject to an annual escalator equal to the greater of 2% and the increase in the Consumer Price Index from the prior year beginning at the times provided under the Golf Course Use Agreement.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative costs are expected for items such as compensation costs (including stock based compensation awards), professional services, office costs, and other costs associated with development activities. As of the Effective Date, we had approximately 140 employees at the Operating Partnership or TRS or their respective subsidiaries. Compensation arrangements and equity grants have not yet been determined.

As a reporting company, we expect to incur incremental costs to support our business, including management personnel, legal expenses, finance, and human resources as well as certain costs associated with being a reporting company. We estimate that general and administrative costs for VICI REIT on a combined basis, including costs of being a reporting company, could result in incremental general and administrative expenses of $22 million to $24 million per year.

Property Operating Expenses

Property operating expenses are expected for expenditures necessary to maintain the premises in reasonably good order and repair and will be paid by the tenants pursuant to the Lease Agreements. Property operating expenses will also include other expenses expected to be paid or reimbursed by the tenants such as property taxes. Pro forma property taxes were $28.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 and $57.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. All of such expenses would have been paid or reimbursed by the tenants had this transaction occurred on January 1, 2016.

Interest Expense

We will incur interest expense from our borrowing obligations. On the Effective Date, we incurred an aggregate of $4,667.0 million in borrowings. We expect to have annual cash interest costs of approximately $247.5 million, based on an estimated weighted average interest rate of 5.03%. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources” below for more information.

Revenues and operating expenses of our TRS

VICI Golf LLC, our TRS, holds the golf course properties, which include the operations of the Rio Secco golf course in Henderson, Nevada, the Cascata golf course in Boulder City, Nevada, the Grand Bear golf course in Saucier, Mississippi, and the Chariot Run golf course in Laconia, Indiana. Revenue generated by the golf course properties is derived from golf course operations, food and beverage and merchandise sales. On a pro forma basis giving effect to the Restructuring, the golf course properties would have generated net revenues of $14.6 million and $27.4 million, respectively, and would have incurred total operating expenses (including direct golf course expenses, depreciation and general and administrative costs) of $9.4 million and $18.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016, respectively. Additionally, on a pro forma basis giving effect to the Restructuring, the tax rate for our TRS operations for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016 would have been 35.0%.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On the Effective Date, VICI PropCo issued $1,638.4 million of Term Loans, $311.7 million aggregate principal amount of First Lien Notes, and $766.9 million aggregate principal amount of Second Lien Notes.

 

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CPLV borrowed $2,200.0 million of debt from third parties, including the CPLV CMBS Debt and the CPLV Mezzanine Debt. The junior tranche of the CPLV Mezzanine Debt in the aggregate amount of $250.0 million will automatically be exchanged for shares of our common stock on November 6, 2017. The shares of common stock issued upon exchange of the junior tranche of CPLV Mezzanine Debt will represent approximately 7.2% of the outstanding common stock following the Mandatory Conversions. The cash proceeds from the CPLV CMBS Debt and CPLV Mezzanine Debt were distributed to certain creditors of CEOC under the Plan of Reorganization.

A table summarizing our capitalization before and after the Mandatory Conversions is set forth under “Summary—The Restructuring.”

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

On the Effective Date, our subsidiary VICI PropCo, as borrower, and certain of its subsidiaries entered into the senior secured credit facilities. The senior secured credit facilities provide for senior secured financing consisting of Term Loans distributed to certain of CEOC’s creditors pursuant to the terms of the Plan of Reorganization in an aggregate principal amount of $1,638.4 million, which mature in 2022. The senior secured credit facilities have capacity to add incremental loans in an aggregate amount of: (a) $60 million plus (b) $1,450 million plus (c) additional amounts, subject, in the case of this clause (c), to the borrower and its restricted subsidiaries not exceeding certain leverage ratios.

The Term Loans require scheduled quarterly payments in amounts equal to 0.25% of the original aggregate principal amount of the Term Loans, with the balance due at maturity.

The borrower will pay interest quarterly on the Term Loans at a rate per annum, reset quarterly, equal to (i) with respect to any ABR borrowings, the sum of ABR (as defined in the credit agreement) and 2.5% and (ii) with respect to any Eurocurrency borrowings, the sum of the Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate (as defined in the credit agreement) and 3.5%.

VICI PropCo is the borrower under the senior secured credit facilities and the material, domestic wholly-owned subsidiaries of VICI PropCo other than CPLV, CPLV’s subsidiaries and VICI FC Inc. (which is a co-issuer of our notes), are guarantors. The senior secured credit facilities are secured by a pledge of substantially all of the existing and future property and assets of VICI PropCo and the restricted subsidiary guarantors, including a pledge of the capital stock of the wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries held by VICI PropCo and the subsidiary guarantors and 65% of the capital stock of the first-tier foreign subsidiaries held by the VICI PropCo and the subsidiary guarantors, in each case subject to exceptions.

Under the senior secured credit facilities, VICI PropCo is also be required to meet specified leverage ratios in order to take certain actions, such as incurring certain debt. In addition, the senior secured credit facilities include covenants, subject to certain exceptions, restricting or limiting VICI PropCo’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) create liens on certain assets; (iii) enter into sale and lease-back transactions; (iv) make certain investments, loans and advances; (v) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or any part of its assets; (vi) pay dividends or make distributions or make other restricted payments; (vii) enter into certain transactions with its affiliates; and (viii) amend or modify the articles or certificate of incorporation, by-laws and certain agreements or make certain payments or modifications of certain indebtedness.

The Term Loans are prepayable at VICI PropCo’s option, in whole or in part, at any time, and from time to time, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Term Loans redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date plus (i) prior to the first anniversary of the issuance of such loans, a “make-whole” premium and (ii) thereafter, a prepayment premium equal to (a) 3% of the amount redeemed on and after the first anniversary of such issuance, (b) 2% of the amount redeemed on and after the second anniversary of such

 

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issuance, (c) 1% of the amount redeemed on and after the third anniversary of such issuance and (d) 0% on and after the fourth anniversary of such issuance; provided, however, that no “make-whole” or prepayment premium shall be payable in the event of any voluntary prepayment in cash of all Term Loans prior to the six-month anniversary of the issuance of such loans.

First Lien Notes

On the Effective Date, our subsidiaries VICI PropCo and VICI FC Inc. (collectively, the “notes co-issuers”) issued $311.7 million in aggregate principal amount of First Lien Notes to certain creditors pursuant to the terms of the Plan of Reorganization. The First Lien Notes are due in 2022.

The notes co-issuers will pay interest quarterly on the First Lien Notes at a rate per annum, reset quarterly, equal to the sum of LIBOR (as defined in the indenture), with a floor of 1.00%, and 3.5%.

The First Lien Notes are senior secured obligations of the notes co-issuers and rank equally and ratably in right of payment with all existing and future senior obligations and senior to all future subordinated indebtedness. The First Lien Notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by the subsidiary guarantors that guarantee indebtedness under the senior secured credit facilities and secured by a first-priority security interest, subject to permitted liens, in the collateral that also secures the senior secured credit facilities. None of VICI REIT, our Operating Partnership or certain subsidiaries of VICI PropCo, including CPLV and its subsidiaries, are subject to the covenants of the indenture governing the First Lien Notes or are guarantors of the First Lien Notes.

The indenture governing the First Lien Notes contains covenants that limit the notes co-issuers’ and their restricted subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of their capital stock or make other restricted payments; (iii) make certain investments; (iv) sell certain assets; (v) create or permit to exist dividend and/or payment restrictions affecting their restricted subsidiaries; (vi) create liens on certain assets; (vii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets; (viii) enter into certain transactions with their affiliates; and (ix) designate their subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries.

The First Lien Notes are redeemable at VICI PropCo’s option, in whole or in part, at any time, and from time to time, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the First Lien Notes so redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date plus, (i) prior to the first anniversary of the issuance of such notes, a “make-whole” premium and (ii) thereafter, a prepayment premium equal to (a) 3% of the amount redeemed on and after the first anniversary of such issuance, (b) 2% of the amount redeemed on and after the second anniversary of such issuance, (c) 1% of the amount redeemed on and after the third anniversary of such issuance and (d) 0% on and after the fourth anniversary of such issuance; provided, however, that no “make-whole” or prepayment premium shall be payable in the event of any optional redemption in cash of all of the First Lien Notes on or prior to April 15, 2018. In addition, prior to the first anniversary of such issuance, up to 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Notes may be redeemed at VICI PropCo’s option with the net cash proceeds of certain issuances of common or preferred equity by VICI PropCo, VICI REIT or any parent entity of VICI PropCo, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the First Lien Notes redeemed plus a premium equal to the interest rate per annum on the First Lien Notes in effect on the date on which notice of redemption is given plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date; provided, however, that at least 50% of the original aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Notes must remain outstanding after any such redemption.

Second Lien Notes

On the Effective Date, the notes co-issuers issued $766.9 million in aggregate principal amount of Second Lien Notes to certain creditors pursuant to the terms of the Plan of Reorganization. The Second Lien Notes are due in 2023.

 

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The notes co-issuers will pay interest semi-annually on the Second Lien Notes at a rate per annum of 8.0%.

The Second Lien Notes are senior secured obligations of the notes co-issuers and rank equally and ratably in right of payment with all existing and future senior obligations and senior to all future subordinated indebtedness. The Second Lien Notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by the subsidiary guarantors that guarantee indebtedness under the senior secured credit facilities or First Lien Notes and secured by a second-priority security interest, subject to permitted liens, in the same collateral that secures the senior secured credit facilities or First Lien Notes. Neither VICI REIT or our Operating Partnership or certain subsidiaries of VICI PropCo, including CPLV and its subsidiaries, are subject to the covenants of the indenture governing the Second Lien Notes or are guarantors of the Second Lien Notes.

The indenture governing the Second Lien Notes contains covenants that limit the notes co-issuers’ and their restricted subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of their capital stock or make other restricted payments; (iii) make certain investments; (iv) sell certain assets; (v) create or permit to exist dividend and/or payment restrictions affecting their restricted subsidiaries; (vi) create liens on certain assets to secure debt; (vii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets; (viii) enter into certain transactions with their affiliates; and (ix) designate their subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries.

The Second Lien Notes are redeemable at VICI PropCo’s option, in whole or in part, at any time, from time to time, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Second Lien Notes so redeemed and, (1) prior to the third anniversary of the issuance of such Notes, a “make-whole” premium and (2) thereafter, a prepayment premium equal to (y) 4% of the amount redeemed on and after the third anniversary of such issuance, and (z) 0% on and after the fourth anniversary of such issuance plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. In addition, prior to the third anniversary of such issuance, up to 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of the Second Lien Notes may be redeemed at VICI PropCo’s option with the net cash proceeds of certain issuances of common or preferred equity by VICI PropCo, VICI REIT or any parent entity of VICI PropCo, at a price equal to 108% of the principal amount of the Second Lien Notes redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date; provided, however, that at least 50% of the original aggregate principal amount of the Second Lien Notes must remain outstanding after any such redemption.

CPLV Loans

CPLV CMBS Debt

On the Effective Date, CPLV borrowed the CPLV CMBS Debt, which consists of asset-level real estate mortgage financing from various third-party financial institutions. The proceeds of such financing were $1,550.0 million in cash, which were distributed to certain of CEOC’s creditors pursuant to the terms of the Plan of Reorganization.

The CPLV CMBS Debt is secured by all of the assets of CPLV, including, but not limited to, CPLV’s (1) fee interest (except as provided in (2)) in and to CPLV, (2) leasehold interest with respect to Octavius Tower, and (3) interest in the CPLV Lease Agreement and all related agreements, including the Lease Agreements. The CPLV CMBS Debt is a first priority lien, subject only to permitted encumbrances (which shall be set forth in the loan documentation), and an obligation to repay a specified sum with interest. The CPLV CMBS Debt was evidenced by certain promissory notes and secured by a deed of trust that created a mortgage lien on the fee and/or leasehold interest of the CPLV.

The Operating Partnership provided a customary non-recourse carve-out guaranty with respect to the CPLV CMBS Debt.

The loan documents governing the CPLV CMBS Debt contain covenants limiting CPLV’s ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) enter into certain transactions with its affiliates; (iii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of its assets; and (iv) allow transfers of its direct or indirect equity interests.

 

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CPLV Mezzanine Debt

On the Effective Date, three direct and indirect special-purpose parent entities of CPLV borrowed the CPLV Mezzanine Debt from various third-party financial institutions. The CPLV Mezzanine Debt consists of three tranches: senior, intermediate and junior, in an amount of $200.0 million, $200.0 million and $250.0 million, respectively. The proceeds from such financing were distributed to certain of CEOC’s creditors pursuant to the terms of the Plan of Reorganization. The junior tranche of the CPLV Mezzanine Debt is subject to the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion described under “Summary—The Restructuring.”

Each tranche of CPLV Mezzanine Debt is secured by each borrower’s equity interests in its direct wholly-owned subsidiary.

The Operating Partnership provided a customary non-recourse carve-out guaranty with respect to the CPLV Mezzanine Debt.

The loan documents governing the CPLV Mezzanine Debt contain covenants limiting each borrower’s ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) enter into certain transactions with its affiliates; (iii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of its assets; and (iv) allow transfers of its direct or indirect equity interests.

Capital Expenditures

We may agree, at CEOC’s request, to fund the cost of certain capital improvements on arms-length terms and conditions, which may include an agreed upon increase in rent under the Lease Agreements. Otherwise, except as described below in connection with a deconsolidation event, capital expenditures for the properties leased under the Lease Agreements are the responsibility of the tenants. The Lease Agreements require the tenants to spend on an annual basis (A) a minimum of $100.0 million in capital expenditures on a collective basis across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us, with no more than $25.0 million incurred with respect to any services entity nor more than $10.0 million incurred in certain CEOC properties listed in the Lease Agreements, and (B) for each of the properties covered by the CPLV Lease Agreement and the properties covered by the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and the Joliet Lease Agreement, in each case, an amount equal to at least 1% of actual revenue (from the prior year) generated by CPLV facilities and the other properties, as applicable, on capital expenditures that constitute installation or restoration and repair or other improvements of items with respect to the leased properties under the Lease Agreements. In addition, the Lease Agreements require the tenants to spend on a triennial basis (A) expend a minimum of $495.0 million in capital expenditures across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us, with no more than $75.0 million incurred with respect to any services entity nor more than $30.0 million incurred in certain CEOC properties listed in the Lease Agreements, and (B) expend a minimum of $350.0 million in capital expenditures across CEOC’s assets, including the properties leased from us and excluding capital expenditures for any services entity, foreign subsidiaries and unrestricted subsidiaries of CEOC, gaming equipment, corporate shared services and properties not included in the Lease Agreements. These amounts, in each case, may be decreased under the same circumstances as with respect to the annual requirement. Further, with respect to the requirement to expend a minimum of $350.0 million in capital expenditures, such capital expenditures will be allocated as follows: (i) $84.0 million to the facilities covered by the CPLV Lease Agreement; (ii) $255.0 million to the facilities covered by the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and the Joliet Lease Agreement; and (iii) the balance to facilities covered by any Lease Agreement in such proportion as CEOC may elect.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Information concerning our obligations and commitments to make future payments under contracts such as our indebtedness and future minimum lease commitments under operating leases is included in the following table. This table does not include commitments related to operating lease obligations that are variable in nature

 

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and as such does not show the total anticipated payments that we will incur in connection with operating leases over five years following the Effective Date.

 

     Payments Due by Period  
(in millions)    Total      Within 1
Year
     1-3
Years
     4-5
Years
     After 5
Years
 

Long-term debt:

              

Term Loans, principal (1)

   $ 1,638.4      $ 12.3      $ 32.8      $ 1,593.3      $ —    

First Lien Notes, principal

     311.7        —          —          311.7        —    

Second Lien Notes, principal

     766.9        —          —          —          766.9  

CPLV CMBS Debt, principal (2)

     1,550.0        —          —          1,550.0        —    

CPLV Mezzanine Debt, principal

     650.0        250.0        —          400.0        —    

Estimated interest payments (3)

     1,292.1        247.5        493.4        489.9        61.3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total contractual obligations

   $ 6,209.1      $ 509.8      $ 526.2      $ 4,344.9      $ 828.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) The Term Loans require scheduled quarterly payments in amounts equal to 0.25% of the original aggregate principal amount of the Term Loans, with the balance due at maturity.
(2) The CPLV CMBS Debt will mature in five years.
(3) Estimated interest is based on an estimated weighted average interest rate of 5.03%.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. We have identified certain accounting policies that we believe are the most critical to the presentation of our financial information over a period of time. These accounting policies may require our management to take decisions on subjective and/or complex matters relating to reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, expenses and related disclosures. These would further lead us to estimate the effect of matters that may inherently be uncertain.

Estimates are required in order to prepare the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Significant estimates, judgments, and assumptions are required in a number of areas, including, but not limited to, the application of fresh start reporting, determining the useful lives of real estate properties, and evaluating the impairment of long-lived assets, and allocation of costs and deferred income taxes. The judgment on such estimates and underlying assumptions is based on our historical experience that we believe is reasonable under the circumstances. These form the basis of our judgment on matters that may not be apparent from other available sources of information. In many instances changes in the accounting estimates are likely to occur from period to period. Actual results may differ from the estimates. We believe the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in our financial statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions and other considerations used in estimating amounts reflected in our financial statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and, in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Revenue Recognition

Leases

As a REIT, the majority of our revenues are derived from rent received from our tenants under long-term triple-net leases. The accounting guidance under ASC 840—Leases (“ASC 840”) is complex and requires the use of judgments and assumptions by management to determine the proper accounting treatment of a lease. We perform a lease classification upon lease inception, to determine if we will account for the lease as a capital or operating lease.

Under ASC 840, for leases of both building and land, if the fair value of the land is 25 percent or more of the total fair value of the leased property at lease inception we consider the land and building separately for lease

 

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classification. In these cases, if the building element of the lease meets the criteria to be classified as a capital lease, then we account for the building element as a capital lease and the land separately as an operating lease. If the building element does not meet the criteria to be classified as a capital lease, then we account for the building and land elements as a single operating lease.

To determine if the building portion of a lease triggers capital lease treatment we conduct the four lease tests in ASC 840 outlined below. If a lease meets any of the four criteria below, it is accounted for as a capital lease.

 

  (1) Transfer of ownership. The lease transfers ownership of the property to the lessee by the end of the lease term. This criterion is met in situations in which the lease agreement provides for the transfer of title at or shortly after the end of the lease term in exchange for the payment of a nominal fee, for example, the minimum required by statutory regulation to transfer title.

 

  (2) Bargain purchase option. The lease contains a bargain purchase option, which is a provision allowing the lessee, at its option, to purchase the leased property for a price which is sufficiently lower than the expected fair value of the property at the date the option becomes exercisable. In addition, the exercise of the option must be reasonably assured at lease inception.

 

  (3) Lease term. The lease term is equal to 75% or more of the estimated economic life of the leased property. However, if the beginning of the lease term falls within the last 25 percent of the total estimated economic life of the leased property, including earlier years of use, this criterion shall not be used for purposes of classifying the lease. This test is conducted on a property by property basis.

 

  (4) Minimum lease payments. The present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term, excluding that portion of the payments representing executory costs such as insurance, maintenance, and taxes to be paid by the lessor, including any profit thereon, equals or exceeds 90% of the fair value of the leased property to the lessor at lease inception less any related investment tax credit retained by the lessor and expected to be realized by the lessor. If the beginning of the lease term falls within the last 25% of the total estimated economic life of the leased property, including earlier years of use, this criterion shall not be used for purposes of classifying the lease.

The tests outlined above, as well as the resulting calculations, require subjective judgments, such as determining, at lease inception, the fair value of the assets, the residual value of the assets at the end of the lease term, the likelihood a tenant will exercise all renewal options (in order to determine the lease term), the estimated remaining economic life of the leased assets, the incremental borrowing rate of the lessee and the interest rate implicit in the lease. A change in estimate or judgment can result in a materially different financial statement presentation.

The revenue recognition model is different under capital leases and operating leases.

Under the operating lease model, as the lessor, at lease inception the land is recorded as Real Estate Investments Accounted for Using the Operating Method in our Combined Condensed Balance Sheet and we record rental income from operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The amount of annual minimum lease payments attributable to the land element after deducting executory costs, including any profit thereon, is determined by applying our incremental borrowing rate to the value of the land. We record this lease income as Rental Income from Operating Leases in our Combined Condensed Statement of Operations.

Under the direct financing lease model, as lessor, at lease inception we record the lease receivable as Real Estate Investments Accounted for Using the Direct Financing Method in our Combined Condensed Balance Sheet. Under the direct financing lease method, we recognize fixed amounts due on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the lease term. As a result, the cash payments accounted for under direct financing leases will not equal the earned income from direct financing leases as a portion of the cash rent we receive is recorded as Earned Income from Direct Financing Leases in our Combined Condensed Statement of Operations and a portion is recorded as a reduction to the Real Estate Investments Accounted for using the Direct Financing Method.

 

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Real Estate Investments

For real estate investments accounted for using the operating method, we continually monitor events and circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amount of our real estate investments may not be recoverable or realized. When events or changes in circumstances indicate that a potential impairment has occurred or that the carrying value of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, we use an estimate of the undiscounted value of expected future operating cash flows to determine whether the real estate investment is impaired. If the undiscounted cash flows plus net proceeds expected from the disposition of the asset is less than the carrying value of the assets, we recognize an impairment charge equivalent to the amount required to reduce the carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair value. We group our real estate investments together by property, the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are available, in evaluating impairment. In assessing the recoverability of the carrying value, we must make assumptions regarding future cash flows and other factors. Factors considered in performing this assessment include current operating results, market and other applicable trends and residual values, as well as the effect of obsolescence, demand, competition and other factors. If these estimates or the related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record an impairment loss.

For real estate investments accounted for using the direct financing method, our net investment in the direct financing lease is evaluated for impairment as necessary, if indicators of impairment are present, to determine if there has been an-other-than-temporary decline in the residual value of the property or a change in the lessee’s credit worthiness.

Income Taxes—REIT Qualification

We intend to elect to be taxed and qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2017, and we intend to continue to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit us to qualify as a REIT beyond that taxable year end. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to shareholders, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that we pay as distributions to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and distributions paid to our shareholders would not be deductible by us in computing taxable income. Additionally, any resulting corporate liability created if we fail to qualify as a REIT could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We face market risk exposure in the form of interest rate risk. This market risk arises from our debt obligations.

Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk with respect to our indebtedness. On a pro forma basis giving effect to the Restructuring and the Mandatory Conversions, as of June 30, 2017, we would have had an aggregate of $4,667.0 million of outstanding indebtedness. Approximately $1,950.1 million of our indebtedness has variable interest rates. A one percent increase or decrease in the annual interest rate on our pro forma variable rate borrowings of $1,950.1 million would increase or decrease our annual cash interest expense by approximately $19.5 million.

 

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We may manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to our borrowings by means of interest rate swap agreements. We also expect to manage our exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mix of fixed and variable rates for our indebtedness. However, the REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our assets and liabilities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Status as a REIT—Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.”

 

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ITEM 3. PROPERTIES

The following table summarizes certain features of the properties we own, all as of June 30, 2017. The properties are diversified across a range of primary uses, including gaming, hotel, convention, dining, entertainment, retail, golf course and other resort amenities and activities.

 

    Location    

Type of Facility

  Approximate Structure
Square Footage
    Hotel
Rooms
 

Bally’s Atlantic City

    Atlantic City, NJ     Land-based casino     2,546,500       1,250  

Bluegrass Downs

    Paducah, KY     Horserace track     184,500       —    

Caesars Atlantic City

    Atlantic City, NJ     Land-based casino     3,631,700       1,140  

Caesars Palace Las Vegas

    Las Vegas, NV     Land-based casino     8,578,900       3,980  

Harrah’s Gulf Coast

    Biloxi, MS     Land-based casino     1,030,500       500  

Harrah’s Louisiana Downs

    Bossier City, LA     Land-based casino and thoroughbred racing     1,118,300       —    

Harrah’s Council Bluffs

    Council Bluffs, IA    

Dockside gaming

    790,400       250  

Harrah’s Joliet (1)

    Joliet, IL     Dockside gaming     1,011,500       200  

Harrah’s Lake Tahoe

    Stateline, NV     Land-based casino     1,057,300       510  

Harrah’s Metropolis

    Metropolis, IL     Dockside gaming     473,500       260  

Harrah’s North Kansas City

    North Kansas City, MO     Dockside gaming     1,435,200       390  

Harrah’s Reno

    Reno, NV     Land-based casino     1,371,400       930  

Harvey’s Lake Tahoe

    Lake Tahoe, NV    

Land-based casino

    1,669,800       740  

Horseshoe Bossier City

    Bossier City, LA    

Casino boat

(permanently moored)

    1,418,700       600  

Horseshoe Council Bluffs

    Council Bluffs, IA     Land-based casino     632,200       —    

Horseshoe Hammond

    Hammond, IN     Dockside gaming     1,715,900       —    

Horseshoe Southern Indiana

    Elizabeth, IN     Casino boat     2,510,600       500  

Horseshoe Tunica

    Robinsonville, MS     Dockside gaming     1,007,600       510  

Tunica Roadhouse

    Tunica Resorts, MS     Dockside gaming     224,900       130  

Cascata Golf Course

    Boulder City, NV     Golf course     37,000       —    

Chariot Run Golf Course

    Laconia, IN     Golf course     5,000       —    

Grand Bear Golf Course

    Saucier, MS     Golf course     5,000       —    

Rio Secco Golf Course

    Henderson, NV     Golf course     30,000       —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

        32,486,400       11,890  

 

(1) Owned by Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC, a joint venture of which VICI PropCo is the 80% owner and the managing member.

Description of our Properties

Las Vegas

Caesars Palace Las Vegas

Caesars Palace is a hotel and casino resort located in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was opened in 1966 and features six hotel towers uniquely designed to address the varied demands of our diverse customer base, 124,181 square feet of casino space including over 1,400 slot and table gaming units, a 14,187 square foot high limit casino area, a 4,557 square foot high limit slots area and a 24-hour poker room, approximately 300,000 square feet of meeting, convention and ballroom facilities, the 4,300-seat Colosseum entertainment venue, the 81,300 square foot OMNIA Nightclub, over 20 restaurants, lounges and bars, approximately 702,000 square feet of retail space, approximately 40,450 square feet of spa facilities and five swimming pools spanning eight acres.

 

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Caesars Atlantic City

Caesars Atlantic City is a hotel and casino resort located in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It was opened in 1979 and consists of a 115,225 square foot casino, including over 1,900 slot and table-gaming units, a 1,141 room hotel, 28,590 square feet of convention center space, a 1,100 seat concert venue, a 10,000 square foot multi-level nightclub, over 15 lounges and bars, a spa and an indoor/outdoor rooftop pool. The property also features 15 restaurants and shopping and entertainment venues and amenities.

Bally’s Atlantic City

Bally’s Atlantic City is a hotel and casino resort located along the Boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It was opened in 1979 and consists of a 121,624 square foot casino, including over 1,900 slot and table-gaming units, a 1,251 room hotel, 63,589 square feet of convention center space, eight restaurants, four lounges and bars, shopping venues and a spa with indoor pool.

Harrah’s Gulf Coast

Harrah’s Gulf Coast is a hotel and casino resort located in Biloxi, Mississippi, which replaced the former Grand Casino Biloxi which was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina. It was opened in 2006 and consists of a 31,300 square foot casino, including over 500 slot and table-gaming units and a 500 room hotel. The property features five restaurants, a 16,000 square foot spa and salon and an outdoor pool. The Great Lawn, a festival-style green space, features a 10.5 acre outdoor concert space along the waterfront. The resort also has access via the Golf Course Use Agreement, to Grand Bear Golf Course, an 18-hole course set over 650 acres of rolling land in the piney woods of the DeSoto National Forest. The course, designed by Jack Nicklaus, is considered one of the top courses in the Southern United States and is a short drive from the casino.

Harrah’s Louisiana Downs

Louisiana Downs is a “racino” located in Bossier City, Louisiana. It consists of a 12,000 square foot casino, including over 800 slot units and a race track. The property features five casual restaurants and three bars onsite.

Harrah’s Council Bluffs

Harrah’s Council Bluffs is a hotel and casino resort located in Council Bluffs, Iowa, across the Missouri River from Omaha, Nebraska. It consists of a 25,000 square foot casino, including over 500 slot and table gaming units, a 250 room hotel, three restaurants and 5,731 square feet of meeting and event space. The property also features nightlife offerings.

Harrah’s Joliet

Harrah’s Joliet is a hotel and casino resort located in the Chicagoland area of Illinois owned by a joint venture of which VICI PropCo is the 80% owner and managing member. It consists of a 39,000 square foot casino, including over 1,000 slots and table-gaming units, a 200 room hotel, four restaurants and 6,110 square feet of meeting and event space. The property also features nightlife offerings.

Harrah’s Lake Tahoe

Harrah’s Lake Tahoe is a hotel and casino resort located on Lake Tahoe in Stateline, Nevada. It consists of a 45,136 square foot casino with nearly 900 slot and table-gaming units, a 510 room hotel and 18,000 square feet of meeting and event space. The property features eleven restaurants, shopping and nightlife venues and amenities, such as a spa and salon.

 

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Harrah’s Metropolis

Harrah’s Metropolis is a hotel and casino resort located in Metropolis, Illinois. It consists of a 23,669 square foot casino, including over 850 slot and table-gaming units and a 260 room hotel. The property features three restaurants as well as nightlife offerings.

Harrah’s Kansas City

Harrah’s North Kansas City is a hotel and casino resort located in North Kansas City, Missouri. It consists of a 60,100 square foot casino, including over 1,300 slot and table-gaming units, a 390 room hotel and 12,800 square feet of meeting and event space. The property features four restaurants as well as nightlife venues.

Harrah’s Reno

Harrah’s Reno is a hotel and casino resort located in Reno, Nevada. It consists of a 40,200 square foot casino, including over 650 slot and table-gaming units, a 930 room hotel and 21,765 square feet of meeting and event space. The property features six restaurants, nightlife venues and amenities, such as a spa and salon and an outdoor pool.

Harvey’s Lake Tahoe

Harvey’s Lake Tahoe is a hotel and casino resort located on Lake Tahoe in Stateline, Nevada. It consists of a 44,200 square foot casino, including over 800 slot and table-gaming units, a 740 room hotel and 19,000 square feet of meeting and event space. The property features nine restaurants, nightlife venues and amenities, such as an outdoor pool.

Horseshoe Bossier City

Horseshoe Bossier City is a hotel and casino resort located in Bossier City, Louisiana. It consists of a 28,100 square foot casino, including over 1,400 slot and table-gaming units, a 604 room hotel and 21,594 square feet of meeting and event space. The property features seven restaurants, nightlife venues and amenities, such as a spa and an outdoor pool, and is adjacent to the Louisiana Boardwalk outlets.

Horseshoe Council Bluffs

Horseshoe Council Bluffs is a casino resort located in Council Bluffs, Iowa. It consists of a 78,800 square foot casino, including over 1,400 slot and table-gaming units. The property features three restaurants as well as nightlife offerings.

Horseshoe Hammond

Horseshoe Hammond is a casino resort located in Hammond, Indiana. It consists of a 121,479 square foot casino, including over 2,600 slot and table-gaming units and a 2,500 seat concert venue. The property features seven restaurants as well as nightlife offerings.

Horseshoe Southern Indiana

Horseshoe Southern Indiana is a hotel and casino resort located in Elizabeth, Indiana. It consists of a 86,600 square foot casino, including over 1,700 slot and table-gaming units, a 503 room hotel and 24,000 square feet of convention center space. The property features eight restaurants and entertainment venues and amenities, such as a spa and local golf course.

 

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Horseshoe Tunica

Horseshoe Tunica is a hotel and casino resort located in Robinsonville, Mississippi. It consists of a 63,000 square foot casino, including nearly 1,200 slot and table-gaming units, a 505 room hotel and 2,079 square feet of meeting and event space. The property features six restaurants and entertainment venues and amenities, such as a spa and outdoor pool.

Tunica Roadhouse

Tunica Roadhouse is a hotel and casino resort located in Tunica Resorts, Mississippi. It consists of a 33,000 square foot casino, including over 700 slot and table-gaming units, a 130 room hotel and 10,200 square feet of meeting and event space. The property features entertainment venues and amenities, such as a spa and outdoor pool.

Bluegrass Downs

Bluegrass Downs is a live harness horse racing track located in Paducah, Kentucky.

Mortgages, Liens or Encumbrances

In connection with the Term Loans, the First Lien Notes and the Second Lien Notes, VICI PropCo will enter into mortgages or deeds of trust against its properties for the benefit of the lenders under such indebtedness. Similarly, in connection with the CPLV CMBS Debt and the CPLV Mezzanine Debt, CPLV has entered into a deed of trust against the CPLV facilities as well as other pledges and security agreements for the benefit of the lenders under such facilities. In addition, certain mechanic’s liens and similar liens recorded by contractors performing work on behalf of CEOC on the properties subject to the Lease Agreements may attach to, and constitute liens on, our interests in those properties.

 

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ITEM 4. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth estimated information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of the Effective Date, after giving effect to the Restructuring and the Mandatory Conversions, for:

 

    each stockholder known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the common stock;

 

    each director;

 

    each executive officer; and

 

    all directors and executive officers as a group.

On the Effective Date, there were 177,160,494 shares of our common stock outstanding, 12,000,000 shares of our Series A preferred stock outstanding that will automatically convert into 51,433,692 shares of our common stock in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion, and $250.0 million of junior mezzanine loans that will automatically convert into 17,630,700 shares of our common stock in the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion. See “Summary—The Restructuring.” Each stockholder’s percentage ownership is based on the 246,224,886 shares of our common stock outstanding following the Mandatory Conversions. Beneficial ownership of shares is determined under rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investment power. Except as noted by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, we believe based on the information provided to us that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock shown as beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise noted below, the address of the persons listed in the table is c/o VICI Properties Inc., 8329 W. Sunset Road, Suite 210, Las Vegas, Nevada 89113.

 

5% Stockholders, Officers and Directors

   Number of
Shares
Following
Mandatory
Conversions
     Percent of
Shares
Following
Mandatory
Conversions
 

Beneficial Owners of 5% or More of Our Common Stock

     

Canyon Capital Advisors LLC (1)

     34,454,965        14.0

Elliott Associates, L.P. (2)

     14,649,893        5.9

Soros Fund Management LLC (3)

     15,001,531        6.1

Directors and Executive Officers

     

Edward Baltazar Pitoniak

             

John Payne

             

Mary Beth Higgins

             

James Robert Abrahamson

             

Eugene Irwin Davis

             

Eric Littmann Hausler

             

Craig Macnab

             

Michael David Rumbolz

             

Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (8 persons)

             

 

(1) Beneficial ownership is based on Company records and includes shares of common stock issued to Canyon Capital Advisors LLC and affiliates on the Effective Date pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization, shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion, and shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion. The business address of Canyon Capital Advisors LLC is 2000 Avenue of the Stars, 11th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90067. The Company does not have information regarding voting or dispositive power with respect to any shares of common stock beneficially owned by Canyon Capital Advisors LLC.
(2)

Beneficial ownership is based on the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC by Elliott Associates, L.P. (“Elliott Associates”) on October 16, 2017 and includes 4,127,502 shares of common stock held as of the Effective Date and 10,522,391 shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion. Elliott Associates individually beneficially owns 4,687,925 shares of common stock (including 3,367,124 shares of

 

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  common stock issuable in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion), which includes 2,376,863 shares of common stock (including 1,056,062 shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion) through The Liverpool Limited Partnership, a Bermuda limited partnership that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Elliott Associates. Elliott International, L.P. (“Elliott International”) and Elliott International Capital Advisors Inc. (“International Advisors”) together beneficially own 9,961,968 shares of common stock (including 7,155,267 shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion), which includes 5,195,406 shares of common stock (including 2,388,705 shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion) through Elliott International and 4,766,562 shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion through Cornelia Offshore Limited, a Cayman Islands limited company that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Elliott International. Paul E. Singer (“Singer”), Elliott Capital Advisors, L.P. (“Capital Advisors”), which is controlled by Singer, and Elliott Special GP, LLC (“Special GP”), which is controlled by Singer, are the general partners of Elliott Associates. Hambledon, Inc. is the general partner of Elliott International. International Advisors is the investment manager for Elliott International. The business address of Elliott Associates, International Advisors, Capital Advisors, Singer and Special GP is 40 West 57th Street, 30th Floor, New York, New York 10019. The business address of Elliott International and Hambledon is c/o Maples & Calder, P.O. Box 309, Ugland House, South Church Street, George Town, Cayman Islands, British West Indies.
(3) Beneficial ownership is based on the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC by Soros Fund Management LLC (“SFM LLC”) on October 16, 2017 and includes 9,638,482 shares of common stock held as of the Effective Date, 1,649,753 shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion, and 3,713,297 shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion. The shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion are held for the account of Quantum Partners LP, a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership (“Quantum Partners”), and a portion of the shares of common stock issuable in the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion are held by Lakestar Semi Inc. (“Lakestar”), which is wholly owned by a subsidiary of Quantum Partners. SFM LLC serves as principal investment manager to Quantum Partners and Lakestar. As such, SFM LLC has been granted investment discretion over portfolio investments, including securities of VICI REIT, held for the accounts of Quantum Partners and Lakestar. George Soros serves as Chairman and Manager of SFM LLC and Robert Soros serves as Manager of SFM LLC. The business address of the parties is 250 West 55th Street, 38th Floor, New York, NY 10019.

 

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ITEM 5. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Executive Officers and Directors

Our board of directors consists of six members. Pursuant to our charter and bylaws, each of our directors will be elected by our stockholders to serve until the next annual meeting of our stockholders and until such director’s successor is duly elected and qualified. See “Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered—Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Election and Removal of Directors.” Our first annual meeting of stockholders will be held in 2018. Subject to any employment agreements, officers serve at the pleasure of our board of directors.

Below is a list of names, ages and a brief account of the business experience as of October 1, 2017, of our executive officers and directors.

 

Name

  

Age

    

Position

Executive Officers

     

Edward Baltazar Pitoniak

     61      Chief Executive Officer and Director

John Payne

     48      President and Chief Operating Officer

Mary Beth Higgins

     60      Chief Financial Officer

Directors

     

James Robert Abrahamson

     61      Chair of the Board of Directors

Eugene Irwin Davis

     62      Director

Eric Littmann Hausler

     47      Director

Craig Macnab

     61      Director

Michael David Rumbolz

     63      Director

Edward Baltazar Pitoniak, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Mr. Pitoniak was appointed as our chief executive officer on the Effective Date. Mr. Pitoniak also serves as Vice Chairman of Realterm, a private equity real estate manager, and as an independent director on the board of directors of Ritchie Brothers Auctioneers (NYSE: RBA). In April 2014, Mr. Pitoniak became Managing Director of InnVest, a publicly listed REIT, responsible for recapitalizing the REIT and transitioning its management function from an external, third-party management model, to an internal management model. He then served as Chairman from June 2015 to August 2016, when the REIT was sold and taken private. He also served as a director of Regal Lifestyle Communities (TSE: RLC), a Canadian seniors housing real estate owner and operator, from 2012 until its sale in 2015. Mr. Pitoniak retired in 2009 from the position of President and Chief Executive Officer and Director of bcIMC Hospitality Group, a hotel property and brand ownership entity (formerly a public income trust called Canadian Hotel Income Properties Real Estate Investment Trust (“CHIP”)), where he was employed from 2004 to 2009. As Chief Executive Officer of CHIP, he led the company to four consecutive years of total return leadership among Canadian hotel REITs, and then to a sale in 2007. Mr. Pitoniak was also a member of CHIP’s Board of Trustees before it went private. Prior to joining CHIP, Mr. Pitoniak was a Senior Vice-President at Intrawest Corporation, a ski and golf resort operator and developer, for nearly eight years. Before Intrawest, Mr. Pitoniak spent nine years with Times Mirror Magazines, where he served as editor-in-chief and associate publisher with Ski Magazine. Mr. Pitoniak has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Amherst College. Mr. Pitoniak provides our board of directors with valuable experience in the hospitality, entertainment and real estate industries and, in particular, with respect to publicly held REITs. Our Company and our board of directors also benefit from Mr. Pitoniak’s extensive previous and current board service. In addition, Mr. Pitoniak’s position as our Chief Executive Officer allows him to advise our board of directors on management’s perspective over a full range of issues affecting the Company.

John Payne, President and Chief Operating Officer

Mr. Payne has been our president and chief operating officer since our conversion to a Maryland corporation. Until the Effective Date, Mr. Payne served as the chief executive officer of CEOC, a position he held since 2014. Mr. Payne has 21 years of experience in the gaming and hospitality business and has achieved

 

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superior results in each subsequent assignment. Prior to 2014, Mr. Payne served as CEC’s President of Central Markets and Partnership Development from 2013 to 2014, its President of Enterprise Shared Services from 2012 to 2013, its President of Central Division from 2007 to 2012 and Atlantic City Regional President in 2006. In 2005, Mr. Payne also served as the Gulf Coast Regional President. Mr. Payne served as the Senior Vice President and General Manager of Harrah’s New Orleans from 2002 to 2005. Mr. Payne is a Board Member of the Audubon Institute, Crimestoppers of Greater New Orleans and the Business Council of New Orleans as well as being the Chairman of the Board of The Idea Village. Mr. Payne holds a Bachelor’s degree in Political Science from Duke University and a Master’s Degree in Business Administration from Northwestern University.

Mary Beth Higgins, Chief Financial Officer

Ms. Higgins has been our chief financial officer since our conversion to a Maryland corporation. Until the Effective Date, Ms. Higgins served as the chief financial officer of CEOC, a position she held since 2014. Prior to that, from 2010 to 2014, Ms. Higgins served as the Chief Financial Officer of Global Cash Access, NYSE “EVRI,” a company specializing in casino payment security, game development and patron analytics. From 2000 to 2010, Ms. Higgins served as Chief Financial Officer at Herbst Gaming Inc., a multi- jurisdictional casino gaming company. From 1997 to 2000, Ms. Higgins was the Chief Financial Officer for Camco, Inc. a specialty retailer. From 1987 through 1996, Ms. Higgins held various positions within Wells Fargo/First Interstate Bank in Commercial Lending ultimately Managing the Southern Nevada Division. Ms. Higgins holds a Bachelor’s degree in International Relations and Political Science from the University of Southern California and a Master’s degree in Business Administration from The University of Memphis.

James R. Abrahamson, Chair of the Board of Directors

Mr. Abrahamson is Chairman of Interstate Hotels & Resorts (“Interstate”), the leading U.S.-based global hotel management company comprising 430 hotels. He previously served as Interstate’s Chief Executive Officer from 2011 to March 2017; he was named to the additional position of Chairman in October 2016. Mr. Abrahamson also serves as an independent Director at La Quinta Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: LQ) and at BrightView Corporation (a private company). Prior to joining Interstate in 2011, Mr. Abrahamson also held senior leadership positions with InterContinental Hotels Group (NYSE: IHG), Hyatt Corporation, Marcus Corporation and Hilton Worldwide. At IHG, where he served from 2009 to 2011, he served as President of the Americas division and, from 2010 to 2011, as executive director. At Hyatt, which he joined in 2004, he was Head of Development for the Americas division. At Marcus, where he served from 2000 to 2004, Mr. Abrahamson was President of the Baymont Inn and Suites and Woodfield Suites hotels division consisting of approximately 200 properties, both owned and franchised. At Hilton, where he served from 1988 to 2000, Mr. Abrahamson oversaw the Americas region franchise division for all Hilton brands and launched the Hilton Garden Inn brand. Mr. Abrahamson currently serves as president of the Marriott International National Association owners’ organization and has served as national board chair of the American Hotel and Lodging Association in 2015 and 2016 and as national board chair of the U.S. Travel Association in 2013 and 2014. He holds a degree in Business Administration from the University of Minnesota. Mr. Abrahamson’s vast experience in, and knowledge of, the hospitality industry provides our board of directors with valuable insight into the industry. Skills gained from extensive previous and current board service in public and private companies are also valuable for our Company and our board of directors.

Eugene I. Davis, Director

Mr. Davis is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of PIRINATE Consulting Group, LLC, a privately held consulting firm specializing in turnaround management, merger and acquisition consulting, hostile and friendly takeovers, proxy contests, and strategic planning advisory services for domestic and international public and private business entities. Since forming PIRINATE in 1997, Mr. Davis has advised, managed, sold, liquidated and served as a chief executive officer, chief restructuring officer, director, committee chairman or chairman of a number of businesses operating in diverse sectors. From 1990 to 1997, Mr. Davis served as President, Vice

 

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Chairman, and director of Emerson Radio Corporation and from 1996 to 1997 as Chief Executive Officer and Vice Chairman of Sport Supply Group, Inc. He began his career as an attorney and international negotiator with Exxon Corporation and Standard Oil Company (Indiana) and was in private practice from 1984 to 1998. Mr. Davis currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Atlas Iron Limited (ASX: AGO) and U.S. Concrete, Inc. (Nasdaq: USCR), and also serves as a director of Verso Corporation (NYSE: VRS) and Titan Energy, LLC (OTC: TTEN), as well as certain non-SEC reporting companies. During the past five years, Mr. Davis has also been a director of the following SEC registrants: Atlas Air Worldwide Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: AAWW), The Cash Store Financial Services, Inc. (NYSE: CSFS), DexOne Corp. (NYSE: DEXO), Genco Shipping & Trading Limited (NYSE: GNK), Global Power Equipment Group, Inc. (NYSE: GLPW), Goodrich Petroleum Corp. (NYSE: GDP), Great Elm Capital Corporation (Nasdaq: GECC), GSI Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: GSIG), Hercules Offshore, Inc., HRG Group, Inc. (NYSE: HRG), Knology, Inc. (Nasdaq: KNOL), SeraCare Life Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: SRLS), Spansion, Inc. (NYSE: CODE) and SpectrumBrands Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: SPB) and WMIH Corp. (Nasdaq: WMIH). Mr. Davis’ prior experience also includes having served on the board of directors of each of ALST Casino Holdco, LLC and Trump Entertainment Resorts, Inc. Mr. Davis holds a bachelor’s degree from Columbia College, a master of international affairs degree (MIA) in international law and organization from the School of International Affairs of Columbia University, and a Juris Doctorate from Columbia University School of Law. Mr. Davis’ deep knowledge of the management and operation of public companies and extensive service in public and private company boards in many industries, including in the casino, entertainment and real estate industries, and in particular with respect to companies emerging from bankruptcy, are valuable to our board of directors providing it with insight into the operation of a company following restructuring.

Eric L. Hausler, Director

Mr. Hausler held the position of Chief Executive Officer of Isle of Capri Casinos, Inc. (NYSE: ISLE), a developer, owner and operator of branded gaming facilities and related dining, lodging and entertainment facilities in regional markets in the United States, since April 2016. Prior to that, Mr. Hausler served as ISLE’s Chief Financial Officer from 2014 to 2016, as its Chief Strategic Officer from 2011 to 2014, and as its Senior Vice President, Strategic Initiatives from 2009 to 2011. Mr. Hausler retired from ISLE in May 2017 immediately following the company’s merger with Eldorado Resorts. From 2006 to 2009, Mr. Hausler served as Senior Vice President of Development for Trump Entertainment Resorts, Inc., which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in February 2009. From 2005 to 2006, Mr. Hausler served as Managing Director in Fixed Income Research, covering the gaming, lodging and leisure industries for Bear Stearns & Co. Inc. From 2003 to 2005, Mr. Hausler was a Senior Equity Analyst for Susquehanna Financial Group covering the gaming industry. Mr. Hausler also held positions in equity research covering the gaming, lodging and leisure industries at Bear Stearns & Co. Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. from 1999 to 2003. Prior to working in securities research, from 1996 to 1999, Mr. Hausler worked for the New Jersey Casino Control Commission. Mr. Hausler holds a Bachelor’s degree from Binghamton University and a Master’s degree from the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Mr. Hausler’s extensive expertise leading companies in the gaming, entertainment and real estate industries, as well as his experience in the capital markets, regulatory and acquisitions and divestiture fields in these industries are valuable to the achievement of the Company’s business strategy.

Craig Macnab, Director

Mr. Macnab held the position of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of National Retail Properties, Inc. (NYSE: NNN), a real estate investment trust that acquires, owns, invests in and develops properties that are leased primarily to retail tenants, since 2008 (with his service as Chief Executive Officer beginning in 2004). Mr. Macnab retired from NNN in April 2017. Mr. Macnab is an independent director of Cadillac Fairview Corporation (a private company), since 2011 and of American Tower Corporation (NYSE: AMT), since 2014 and served as a director of Eclipsys Corporation from 2008 to 2014. Mr. Macnab also served as a director of DDR Corp. (NYSE: DDR), a real estate investment trust, from 2003 to 2015. Mr. Macnab holds a Bachelor’s degree in Economics and Accounting from the University of the Witwatersrand and a Master of Business Administration from Drexel University. Mr. Macnab brings to our Company and board of directors extensive experience leading a publicly held REIT as well as skills gained from vast public and private board experience.

 

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Michael D. Rumbolz, Director

Mr. Rumbolz is President and Chief Executive Officer of Everi Holdings Inc. (NYSE: EVRI), a developer of gaming products and services and an independent director of Seminole Hard Rock Entertainment, LLC. Mr. Rumbolz served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Cash Systems, Inc., a provider of cash access services to the gaming industry, from 2005 until 2008 when Cash Systems, Inc. was acquired by Everi. Mr. Rumbolz also has from time to time provided consulting services and held a number of public and private sector employment positions in the gaming industry, including serving as Member and Chairman of the Nevada Gaming Control Board from 1985 through 1988. Mr. Rumbolz is also the former Vice Chairman of the Board of Casino Data Systems in 2001, was the President and CEO of Anchor Gaming from 1995 to 2000, was the director of Development for Circus Circus Enterprises (later Mandalay Bay Group) from 1992 to 1995, and was the President of Casino Windsor at the time of its opening in Windsor, Ontario in 1995. In addition, Mr. Rumbolz is the former Chief Deputy Attorney General of the State of Nevada. Mr. Rumbolz’ experience in the highly regulated gaming industry, both as an operator and as a regulator, are of value to our Company and our board of directors. Our Company and our board of directors also benefit from Mr. Rumbolz’ extensive previous and current public and private board service.

There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Board Committees

Our board of directors has three standing committees: an audit and finance committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and governance committee. Our committees are composed of independent directors as defined under the rules, regulations and listing qualifications of the New York Stock Exchange. In general, a director is deemed independent if the director has no relationship to us that may interfere with the exercise of the director’s independence from management and our company.

Audit and Finance Committee. The audit and finance committee will monitor the integrity of our financial statements and financial reporting processes, our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, our continued qualification as a REIT, the performance of our internal audit function and independent auditors, the qualifications and independence of our independent auditor, our primary financial policies and programs, including those relating to leverage ratio, debt coverage, dividend policy and major financial risk policies, and our policies and transactions related to corporate finance, capital markets activities, capital allocation and major strategic initiatives. The audit and finance committee will select, assist and meet with the independent auditor, oversee each annual audit and quarterly review, establish and maintain our internal audit controls and prepare the report that federal securities laws require be included in our annual proxy statement. In addition, the audit and finance committee will be responsible for reviewing and assessing our policies and procedures related to our compliance with applicable gaming regulations. Eugene I. Davis is chair and Eric L. Hausler and Michael D. Rumbolz are members of the audit and finance committee. Our board of directors has affirmatively determined that these directors qualify as independent directors under the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and each will satisfy the requirement of an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC.

Compensation Committee. The compensation committee will review and approve the compensation and benefits of our executive officers and directors, administer and make recommendations to our board of directors regarding our compensation and stock incentive plans, produce an annual report on executive compensation for inclusion in our proxy statement and publish an annual committee report for our stockholders. Craig Macnab is chair and Eugene I. Davis and Michael D. Rumbolz are members of the compensation committee.

Nominating and Governance Committee. The nominating and governance committee will develop and recommend to our board of directors adoption of a set of corporate governance principles, a code of ethics, policies with respect to conflicts of interest, and will monitor our compliance with corporate governance requirements of state and federal law, establish criteria for prospective members of our board of directors,

 

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conduct candidate searches and interviews, oversee and evaluate our board of directors and management, evaluate from time to time the appropriate size and composition of our board of directors and recommend, as appropriate, increases, decreases and changes in the composition of our board of directors and formally propose the slate of directors to be elected at each annual meeting of our stockholders. Eric L. Hausler is chair and Eugene I. Davis and Craig Macnab are members of the nominating and governance committee.

Our board of directors may from time to time establish certain other committees to facilitate the management of our company.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

As of the Effective Date, there were no compensation committee interlocks and none of our employees participated on the compensation committee.

Compensation of Directors

Each of our directors who is not an employee of our company or our subsidiaries will receive an annual retainer of $225,000, payable in a combination of cash and equity. Additional annual retainers, also payable in a combination of cash and equity, will be paid to chair of the board of directors ($75,000), members of the audit and finance committee ($20,000; with the chair receiving $40,000), members of the compensation committee ($10,000; with the chair receiving $20,000), and members of the nominating and governance committee ($7,500; with the chair receiving $15,000). An initial grant of shares of common stock with a value of $132,500 as of the Effective Date will be made to outside directors other than the chair of the board of directors, and an initial grant with an Effective Date value of $200,000 will be made to the chair of the board of directors, in each case as determined by the board of directors at a later time based on an independent appraisal of the value of the common stock on the Effective Date. Our directors may elect to defer some or all of their compensation pursuant to a deferral plan.

Directors who are employees of our company or our subsidiaries do not receive compensation for their services as directors.

Code of Business Conduct

Our board of directors has established a code of business conduct that applies to our officers, directors and employees. Among other matters, our code of business conduct is designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote:

 

    honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;

 

    full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in our SEC reports and other public communications;

 

    compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations;

 

    prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to appropriate persons identified in the code; and

 

    accountability for adherence to the code.

Only our board of directors, or a committee designated by the board of directors, will be able to approve any waiver of the code of business conduct for our executive officers or directors, and any such waiver shall be promptly disclosed as required by law.

 

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Corporate Governance Profile

We have structured our corporate governance in a manner that we believe closely aligns our interests with those of our stockholders. Notable features of our corporate governance structure include the following:

 

    our board of directors is not staggered, with each of our directors subject to re-election annually;

 

    of the six persons who serve on our board of directors, all of the Company’s non-employee directors, James R. Abrahamson, Eugene I. Davis, Eric L. Hausler, Craig Macnab, and Michael D. Rumbolz, are independent;

 

    all members of our audit and finance committee qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC;

 

    directors are elected in uncontested elections by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast; and

 

    we shall seek stockholder approval prior to or in certain circumstances within twelve months following the adoption by our board of a stockholder rights plan.

Our directors will stay informed about our business by attending meetings of our board of directors and its committees and through supplemental reports and communications. Our independent directors will meet regularly in executive sessions without the presence of our corporate officers or non-independent directors.

 

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ITEM 6. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

VICI REIT is a newly formed company that had not conducted operations until the Effective Date. Therefore, we have not yet paid any compensation to the individuals who became our executive officers. Information as to the historical compensation by CEOC of certain persons who became our executive officers on the Effective Date is not indicative of the compensation of those executives following the Effective Date. Accordingly, we have not included information regarding compensation and other benefits paid to those executives by CEOC, as the case may be, during 2016 or prior years.

Following the Effective Date, our board of directors established a compensation committee, which will oversee and determine the compensation of our chief executive officer and other executive officers. Our compensation committee will evaluate and determine the appropriate executive compensation philosophy and objectives for VICI REIT, the process for establishing executive compensation, and the appropriate design of our executive compensation program and design compensation arrangements. The compensation committee has retained a compensation consultant to provide advice and support to the committee in the design and implementation of our executive compensation program.

Compensation Philosophy

Our expected compensation philosophy is described below. Our compensation committee will review and consider this philosophy and may make adjustments as it determines necessary or appropriate. Our expected compensation philosophy will aim to achieve the following:

 

    retain key leadership and talent;

 

    align executives with investors and the long-term vision and growth strategy of our company;

 

    ensure line-of-sight to key performance measures and results of our company; and

 

    focus on challenging performance goals to support significant growth.

Primary Elements of Compensation

Our executive compensation program will consist of the following key elements:

Base Salary. Each of our executive officers will be paid a base salary. Base salary is the fixed element of an executive officer’s annual cash compensation and is intended to attract and retain highly qualified executives and to compensate for expected day-to-day performance. Factors considered in making determinations about the base salaries for our executive officers include the executive officer’s position, responsibilities associated with that position, experience, expertise, knowledge and qualifications, market factors, the industry in which we operate and compete, recruitment and retention factors, the executive officer’s individual compensation history, salary levels of the other members of our executive team and similarly situated executives at comparable companies, and our overall compensation philosophy.

Annual Incentive Compensation. Our executive officers will be eligible for annual incentive compensation, which is intended to motivate the executive officers to achieve short-term company performance goals, to align executive officers’ interests with those of the stockholders and to reward the executive officers for superior individual achievements.

Long-Term Equity-Based Incentive Awards. Our executive officers will be eligible to participate in a long-term equity incentive compensation plan, which will motivate executive officers to achieve long-term performance goals and to ensure goal alignment with our stockholders. The amount and timing of any long-term equity-based incentive compensation to be paid or awarded to our executive officers will be determined by our compensation committee.

 

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Employment and Post-Termination Arrangements of Executive Officers

On the Effective Date, we entered into employment agreements with our executive officers: Messrs. Pitoniak and Payne and Ms. Higgins. Below is a summary of such employment agreements. The summaries below are not complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the agreements, which are included as exhibits to this registration statement.

Chief Executive Officer

On the Effective Date, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Edward B. Pitoniak, pursuant to which he serves as our Chief Executive Officer. The employment agreement provides for an initial term that ends on December 31, 2020, which term will be automatically extended by successive one-year terms at the end of the then-current term unless either party provides 90 days’ advance notice of non-renewal. Under the terms of the employment agreement, Mr. Pitoniak is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $725,000. Mr. Pitoniak is also eligible to receive annual incentive compensation comprised of a cash bonus with a target value of 100% of his base salary and a maximum value of 200% of his base salary, and equity awards with a target value of 250% of Mr. Pitoniak’s base salary. Our compensation committee will establish the performance goals on which the annual cash bonus will be based and the form and terms of any equity awards. Mr. Pitoniak’s 2017 bonus, which will be paid in 2018, will be a $150,000 cash bonus and common stock valued at $500,000, which cannot be transferred until January 15, 2020. In addition, Mr. Pitoniak will receive an equity grant valued at $1,250,000, which shall vest at a rate of 25% per year on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date, and a $161,500 cash bonus.

If Mr. Pitoniak’s employment is terminated by us without “cause” (as defined in the employment agreement), by him for “good reason” (as defined in the employment agreement), he is entitled to certain severance benefits set forth below, subject to his executing a separation agreement and release. The severance benefits include (1) 150% of base salary and the target bonus for the year of termination, paid over 12 months, (2) a pro-rata cash bonus for the year of termination, (3) accelerated vesting of time-based equity awards and (4) non-forfeiture of a pro-rata portion of outstanding performance based equity until the end of the applicable performance period, at which time it may vest based on achievement of the performance goals. If the termination is within six months before or 12 months after a change in control (as defined in the employment agreement) of the Company, the above severance is modified, with the cash severance being 200% of base salary and target bonus and paid in a lump sum, and full vesting of all equity awards.

If Mr. Pitoniak’s employment is terminated due to his death or disability (as defined in the employment agreement), he will be entitled to receive a pro-rata cash bonus for the year of termination and accelerated vesting of all time-based equity awards. If Mr. Pitoniak’s employment is terminated because we elect not to renew the term of the employment agreement, all time-based equity awards will vest but will not be entitled to any other severance.

Mr. Pitoniak’s employment agreement provides for customary non-competition and non-solicitation covenants that apply for one year after his termination of employment, except that if a termination of employment results from Mr. Pitoniak giving a notice of nonrenewal, the non-competition period applies for three months after the date of termination, and if a termination of employment results from the Company’s decision not to renew the agreement, the non-competition period ends on the date of termination.

President and Chief Operating Officer

On the Effective Date, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. John Payne pursuant to which he serves as our President and Chief Operating Officer. The employment agreement provides for an initial two-year employment term, which term will be automatically extended by one year at the end of the then-current term unless either party provides 90 days’ advance notice of non-renewal. Under the terms of the

 

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employment agreement, Mr. Payne is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $1,200,000. Mr. Payne also is eligible to receive annual incentive compensation with a target value of $1,800,000, divided between a cash bonus and equity awards. We anticipate that each of the cash bonus and equity awards will have a target value of $900,000, but the determination will be made by our compensation committee. Our compensation committee also will establish the performance goals (both individual and company objectives) on which the cash bonus will be based and the form and terms of any equity awards. Mr. Payne’s 2017 annual bonus will be pro-rated for the partial year that he is employed, and will include at least $300,000 to be based on the successful implementation of the Plan of Reorganization, as measured by criteria to be determined by our compensation committee, including the Effective Date occurring on or before October 2, 2017.

If Mr. Payne’s employment is terminated by us without “cause” (as defined in the employment agreement), by him for “good reason” (as defined in the employment agreement), or due to our non-renewal of the employment term, he will be entitled to certain severance benefits set forth below, subject to his executing a separation agreement and release, and being available to consult through the earlier of December 31, 2018 and 90 days after the completion of an initial public offering (the “Start-Up Period”). The severance benefits include (1) continued payment of base salary for one year or, if longer, until the third anniversary of the Effective Date, (2) a pro-rata cash bonus for the year of termination, and (3) continued vesting of any outstanding equity awards through the Start-Up Period, at which point they shall become fully vested.

If Mr. Payne’s employment is terminated due to his death or disability (as defined in the employment agreement), he will be entitled to receive a pro-rata cash bonus for the year of termination but no other severance benefits.

Mr. Payne’s employment agreement provides for customary non-competition and non-solicitation covenants that apply through the later of one year after his termination of employment and the third anniversary of the Effective Date. The non-competition covenant bars Mr. Payne from working for REITs during the specified period. In addition, for a shorter period ending the earlier of December 31, 2018, 180 days after an initial public offering and 180 days after the Company provides notice of Mr. Payne’s termination of employment, Mr. Payne may not work for any entity in the gaming business.

Chief Financial Officer

On the Effective Date, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Ms. Mary Beth Higgins pursuant to which she serves as our Chief Financial Officer. Under the terms of the employment agreement, Ms. Higgins is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $500,000. Ms. Higgins also is eligible to receive annual incentive compensation with a target value of $700,000, divided between a cash bonus and equity awards. We anticipate that each of the cash bonus and equity awards will have a target value of $350,000, but the determination will be made by our compensation committee. Our compensation committee also will establish the performance goals (both individual and company objectives) on which the cash bonus will be based and the form and terms of any equity awards. Ms. Higgins’s 2017 annual bonus will be pro-rated for the partial year that she is employed, and will include at least $117,000 to be based on the successful implementation of the Plan of Reorganization, as measured by criteria to be determined by our compensation committee, including the Effective Date occurring on or before October 2, 2017.

If Ms. Higgins’s employment is terminated without “cause” (as defined in the employment agreement), by her for “good reason” (as defined in the employment agreement), or due to our non-renewal of the employment term, she will be entitled to certain severance benefits set forth below, subject to her executing a separation agreement and release, and being available to consult during the Start-Up Period. The severance benefits include (1) continued payment of base salary for one year, (2) a pro-rata cash bonus for the year of termination, and (3) continued vesting of any outstanding equity awards through the Start-Up Period, at which point they shall become fully vested.

 

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If Ms. Higgins’s employment is terminated due to her death or disability (as defined in the employment agreement), she will be entitled to receive a pro-rata cash bonus for the year of termination but no other severance benefits.

Ms. Higgins’s employment agreement provides for customary non-competition and non-solicitation covenants that apply for a one-year following her termination of employment. The non-competition covenant bars Ms. Higgins from working for REITs during the specified period. In addition, for a shorter period ending the earlier of December 31, 2018, 90 days after an initial public offering and 180 days after the Company or Ms. Higgins provides notice of Ms. Higgins’ termination of employment, Ms. Higgins may not work for any entity in the gaming business.

Employment and Post-Termination Arrangement of Chief Accounting Officer

On the Effective Date, the Company also entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Kenneth J. Kuick pursuant to which he serves as our Chief Accounting Officer. Under the terms of the employment agreement, Mr. Kuick is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $300,000. Mr. Kuick also is eligible to receive annual incentive compensation consisting of equity awards with a target value of 75% of his base salary, and a cash bonus with a target value of 55% of his base salary, but the specific determination of each will be made by our compensation committee. Our compensation committee also will establish the performance goals (both individual and company objectives) on which the cash bonus will be based and the form and terms of any equity awards. Mr. Kuick’s 2017 annual bonus will be pro-rated for the partial year that he is employed but his 2017 cash bonus will not be less than $41,250.

If Mr. Kuick’s employment is terminated without “cause” (as defined in the employment agreement) or by him for “good reason” (as defined in the employment agreement), he will be entitled to certain severance benefits set forth below, subject to his executing a separation agreement and release, and being available to consult during the Start-Up Period. The severance benefits include (1) payment of Mr. Kuick’s base salary and cash bonus at the target level for one year, (2) the vesting of each outstanding unvested restricted stock, stock option or other equity award to the extent such award would have been vested on the next scheduled vesting date, and (3) non-forfeiture of a pro-rata portion of outstanding unvested equity awards subject to performance-based vesting conditions until the end of the applicable performance period, at which time such awards may vest based on the achievement of the performance goals.

If Mr. Kuick’s employment is terminated due to his death or disability (as defined in the employment agreement), he will be entitled to receive a pro-rata cash bonus for the year of termination and each outstanding unvested restricted stock, stock option or other equity award will be deemed vested to the extent such award would have been vested on the next scheduled vesting date.

Mr. Kuick’s employment agreement provides for customary non-competition and non-solicitation covenants that apply for a one-year following his termination of employment. The non-competition covenant bars Mr. Kuick from working for REITs during the specified period. In addition, for a shorter period ending the earlier of December 31, 2018, 90 days after an initial public offering and 180 days after the Company or Mr. Kuick provides notice of Mr. Kuick’s termination of employment, Mr. Kuick may not work for any entity in the gaming business.

The VICI 2017 Stock Incentive Plan

On the Effective Date, the VICI 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “VICI 2017 Stock Plan”) became effective. The following is a summary of the principal provisions of the VICI 2017 Stock Plan. This description of the VICI 2017 Stock Plan is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the VICI 2017 Stock Plan, which is filed as an exhibit to this registration statement.

 

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Purposes

The purposes of the VICI 2017 Stock Plan are to provide certain key persons, on whose initiative and efforts the successful conduct of the business of the Company depends and who are responsible for the management, growth and protection of the business of the Company or its subsidiaries, with incentives to: (a) enter into and remain in the service of the Company or a Company subsidiary, (b) acquire a proprietary interest in the success of the Company, (c) maximize their performance and (d) enhance the long-term performance of the Company (whether directly or indirectly through enhancing the long-term performance of a Company subsidiary).

Types of Awards to Be Granted

The VICI 2017 Stock Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, unrestricted stock and dividend equivalent rights. Any of the foregoing is referred to as an “Award.”

Eligibility

Awards under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan may be granted to officers, directors (whether or not they are employed by the Company), and executive, managerial, professional or administrative employees of, and consultants to, the Company and its subsidiaries. The compensation committee in its sole discretion shall select which individuals receive Awards.

Shares Available Under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan

The VICI 2017 Stock Plan provides for the grant of Awards with respect to an aggregate of 12,750,000 shares of our common stock, subject to adjustment in the case of certain corporate changes.

No employee may be granted Awards in any calendar year with respect to more than 2,500,000 shares of our common stock. A non-employee director of the Company may not be granted Awards in any calendar year that, in the aggregate, result in the Company recognizing an expense in excess of $450,000 in connection with the grant of such awards. However, Awards that are granted as part of a director’s annual retainer that otherwise would be paid in cash are not included in the annual limit.

Administration

The VICI 2017 Stock Plan is administered by our compensation committee or such other committee which is designated by our board of directors to administer the VICI 2017 Stock Plan. It is intended that the members of the compensation committee shall be “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act and “outside directors” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code. However, no Award shall be invalidated if members of the compensation committee are not non-employee directors or outside directors. If the compensation committee does not exist, or for any other reason determined by our board of directors, the board of directors may act as the compensation committee. The compensation committee or the board of directors may delegate to one or more officers or managers of the Company the authority to designate the individuals who will receive Awards under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan and certain administrative functions related to those awards, provided that the compensation committee shall itself grant all Awards to those individuals who could reasonably be considered to be subject to the insider trading provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act or whose Awards could reasonably be expected to be subject to the deduction limitations of Section 162(m) of the Code.

The compensation committee determines the persons who will receive Awards, the type of Awards granted, and the number of shares subject to each Award. The compensation committee also determines the prices, expiration dates, vesting schedules, forfeiture provisions and other material features of Awards. The

 

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compensation committee has the authority to interpret and construe any provision of the VICI 2017 Stock Plan and to adopt such rules and regulations for administering the VICI 2017 Stock Plan as it deems necessary or appropriate. All decisions and determinations of the compensation committee are final, binding and conclusive.

Adjustments

In the event of certain corporate actions affecting the Company’s stock, including, for example, a recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation or spin-off, the compensation committee shall adjust the number of shares of our common stock available for grant under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan and any shall adjust outstanding Awards (including the number of shares subject to the Awards and the exercise price of stock options) in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan or those Awards.

Amendment and Termination of the VICI 2017 Stock Plan

The board of directors may suspend, discontinue, revise or amend the VICI 2017 Stock Plan or any portion thereof at any time; provided that no such action shall be taken without shareholder approval if such approval is necessary to comply with any legal or regulatory requirement. The compensation committee may amend any Award, except that consent of the Award recipient is necessary if the amendment would impair the recipient’s rights under the Award. The compensation committee may not amend a stock option or stock appreciation right to reduce the exercise price of the Award.

Summary of Awards Available Under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan

Non-Qualified Stock Options. The exercise price per share of each non-qualified stock option (“NQO”) granted under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan is determined by the compensation committee on the grant date and will not be less than the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the grant date. Each NQO is exercisable for a term, not to exceed ten years, established by the compensation committee on the grant date. The exercise price must be paid by certified or official bank check or, subject to the approval of the compensation committee, in shares of our common stock valued at their fair market value on the date of exercise or by such other method as the compensation committee may from time to time prescribe.

The VICI 2017 Stock Plan contains provisions applicable to the exercise of NQOs subsequent to a grantee’s termination of employment for “cause,” other than for cause, or due to “disability” (as each such term is defined in the VICI 2017 Stock Plan) or death. These provisions apply unless the compensation committee establishes alternative provisions with respect to an Award. In general, these provisions provide that NQOs that are not exercisable at the time of such termination shall expire upon the termination of employment and NQOs that are exercisable at the time of such termination shall remain exercisable until the earlier of the expiration of their original term and (i) in the event of a grantee’s termination other than for cause, the expiration of three months after such termination of employment and (ii) in the event of a grantee’s disability or death (or the grantee’s death after termination of employment), the first anniversary of such termination. In the event the Company terminates the grantee’s employment for cause, all NQOs held by the grantee, whether or not then exercisable, terminate immediately as of the commencement of business on the date of termination of employment.

Stock options generally are not transferrable other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, except that the compensation committee may permit transfers to the grantee’s family members or trusts for the benefit of family members.

Incentive Stock Options. Generally, an incentive stock option (“ISO”) is an option that may provide certain federal income tax benefits to a grantee not available with a NQO. An ISO has the same plan provisions as a NQO (including with respect to various termination events as described above, except that:

 

    In order to receive the tax benefits, a grantee must hold the shares acquired upon exercise of an ISO for at least two years after the grant date and at least one year after the exercise date.

 

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    The aggregate fair market value of shares of our common stock (determined on the ISO grant date) with respect to which ISOs are exercisable for the first time by a grantee during any calendar year (whether issued under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan or any other plan of the Company or its subsidiaries) may not exceed $100,000.

 

    In the case of an ISO granted to any individual who owns stock possessing more than ten percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company, the exercise price per share must be at least 110% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock at the time the ISO is granted, and the ISO cannot be exercisable more than five years from the grant date.

 

    An option cannot be treated as an ISO if it is exercised more than three months following the grantee’s termination of employment for any reason other than death or disability, or more than one year after the grantee’s termination of employment for disability, unless the grantee died during such three-month or one-year period. ISOs are not transferable other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.

Stock Appreciation Rights. A stock appreciation right (“SAR”) entitles the grantee to receive upon exercise, for each share subject to the SAR, an amount equal to the excess of (i) the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of exercise over (ii) the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of grant (or such greater value as the compensation committee may set at grant). Each SAR shall be exercisable for a term, not to exceed ten years, established by the compensation committee on the grant date. A SAR may be settled in cash or shares of our common stock (valued at their fair market value on the date of exercise of the SAR), in the compensation committee’s discretion.

Restricted Stock. Prior to the vesting of any restricted shares, the shares are not transferable by the grantee and are forfeitable. Vesting of the shares may be based on continued employment with the Company and/or upon the achievement of specific performance goals, as the compensation committee determines on the grant date. The compensation committee may at the time that shares of restricted stock are granted impose additional conditions to the vesting of the shares. Unless the compensation committee provides otherwise, unvested shares of restricted stock are automatically and immediately forfeited upon a grantee’s termination of employment for any reason.

Restricted Stock Units. A restricted stock unit entitles the grantee to receive a share of our common stock, or in the sole discretion of the compensation committee, the value of a share of our common stock, on the date that the restricted stock unit vests or on such later date as may be determined by the compensation committee at grant. Payment shall be in cash, other securities or other property, as determined in the sole discretion of the compensation committee. Unless the compensation committee provides otherwise, unvested restricted stock units are forfeited upon a grantee’s termination of employment for any reason.

Dividend Equivalent Rights. The Administrator may, in its sole discretion, include as part of an Award of stock options and stock appreciation rights, a dividend equivalent right entitling the grantee to receive amounts equal to the ordinary dividends that would be paid, during the time such Award is outstanding and unexercised, on the shares of common stock covered by such Award if such shares were then outstanding. In the event such a provision is included with respect to an Award, the Administrator shall determine whether such payments shall be made in cash or in shares of common stock, the time or times at which they shall be made, and such other vesting and forfeiture provisions and other terms and conditions as the Administrator shall deem appropriate.

Unrestricted Stock. The Administrator may grant (or sell at a purchase price at least equal to par value) shares of common stock free of restrictions under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan, to such key persons and in such amounts and subject to such forfeiture provisions as the Administrator shall determine in its sole discretion. Shares may be thus granted or sold in respect of past services or other valid consideration.

Performance-Based Awards. The VICI 2017 Stock Plan provides that granting or vesting of Awards may be conditioned on the achievement of specified performance goals. These goals must be established by the

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goals relate) or, if shorter, within the first 25% of the performance period. As discussed below under “—Summary of Federal Tax Consequences—$1 Million Limit,” performance-based awards can have significant tax benefits for the Company.

The performance goals may be based on one or more of: (a) earnings (either in the aggregate or on a per-share basis, reflecting dilution of shares as the compensation committee deems appropriate and, if the compensation committee so determines, net of or including dividends); (b) gross or net sales; (c) cash flow(s) (including either operating or net cash flows); (d) financial return ratios; (e) total shareholder return, shareholder return based on growth measures or the attainment by the shares of a specified value for a specified period of time, share price or share price appreciation; (f) value of assets, return or net return on assets, net assets or capital (including invested capital); (g) adjusted pre-tax margin; (h) margins, profits and expense levels; (i) dividends; (j) market share, market penetration or other performance measures with respect to specific designated products or product groups and/or specific geographic areas; (k) reduction of losses, loss ratios or expense ratios; (l) reduction in fixed costs; (m) operating cost management; (n) cost of capital; (o) debt reduction; (p) productivity improvements; (q) funds from operations; or (r) customer satisfaction based on specified objective goals or a Company-sponsored customer survey Each such performance goal may (1) be expressed with respect to the Company as a whole or with respect to one or more divisions or business units, (2) be expressed on a pre-tax or after-tax basis, (3) be expressed on an absolute and/or relative basis, (4) employ comparisons with past performance of the Company (including one or more divisions) and/or (5) employ comparisons with the current or past performance of other companies, and in the case of earnings-based measures, may employ comparisons to capital, stockholders’ equity and shares outstanding.

To the extent applicable, the measures used in performance goals set under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan shall be determined in a manner consistent with the methods used in the Company’s Forms 10-K and 10-Q, except that in the determination of the compensation committee and consistent with applicable tax regulations, adjustments may be made for certain items, including special, unusual or non-recurring items, acquisitions and dispositions and changes in accounting principles.

Summary of Federal Tax Consequences

The following is a brief description of the federal income tax treatment that will generally apply to Awards under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan based on current federal income tax rules.

Non-Qualified Stock Options. The grant of an NQO will not result in taxable income to the grantee. Except as described below, the grantee will realize ordinary income at the time of exercise in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the our common stock acquired over the exercise price for those shares, and the Company will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. Gains or losses realized by the grantee upon disposition of such shares will be treated as capital gains and losses, with the basis in such our common stock equal to the fair market value of the shares at the time of exercise.

Incentive Stock Options. The grant of an ISO will not result in taxable income to the grantee. The exercise of an ISO will not result in taxable income to the grantee provided that the grantee was, without a break in service, an employee of the Company or a subsidiary during the period beginning on the date of the grant of the option and ending on the date three months prior to the date of exercise (one year prior to the date of exercise if the grantee is disabled, as that term is defined in the Code). The excess of the fair market value of the our common stock at the time of the exercise of an ISO over the exercise price is an adjustment that is included in the calculation of the grantee’s alternative minimum taxable income for the tax year in which the ISO is exercised.

If the grantee does not sell or otherwise dispose of the our common stock within two years from the date of the grant of the ISO or within one year after the transfer of such our common stock to the grantee, then, upon disposition of such our common stock, any amount realized in excess of the exercise price will be taxed to the

 

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grantee as capital gain and the Company will not be entitled to a corresponding deduction. A capital loss will be recognized to the extent that the amount realized is less than the exercise price. If the foregoing holding period requirements are not met, the grantee will generally realize ordinary income at the time of the disposition of the shares, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the excess of the fair market value of the our common stock on the date of exercise over the exercise price, or (ii) the excess, if any, of the amount realized upon disposition of the shares over the exercise price and the Company will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. If the amount realized exceeds the value of the shares on the date of exercise, any additional amount will be capital gain. If the amount realized is less than the exercise price, the grantee will recognize no income, and a capital loss will be recognized equal to the excess of the exercise price over the amount realized upon the disposition of the shares. The Company will be entitled to a deduction to the extent that the grantee recognizes ordinary income because of a disqualifying disposition.

Stock Appreciation Rights. The grant of a SAR will not result in taxable income to the grantee. Upon exercise of a SAR, the fair market value of our common stock received will be taxable to the grantee as ordinary income and the Company will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. Gains and losses realized by the grantee upon disposition of any such shares will be treated as capital gains and losses, with the basis in such shares equal to the fair market value of the shares at the time of exercise.

Restricted Stock. The grant of restricted stock will not result in taxable income at the time of grant and the Company will not be entitled to a corresponding deduction, assuming that the restrictions constitute a “substantial risk of forfeiture” for federal income tax purposes. Upon the vesting of shares of restricted stock, the holder will realize ordinary income in an amount equal to the then fair market value of those shares, and the Company will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. Gains or losses realized by the grantee upon disposition of such shares will be treated as capital gains and losses, with the basis in such shares equal to the fair market value of the shares at the time of vesting. Dividends paid to the holder during the restriction period, if so provided, will also be compensation income to the grantee and the Company will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. A grantee may elect pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Code to have income recognized at the date of grant of a restricted stock award and to have the applicable capital gain holding period commence as of that date, and the Company will be entitled to a corresponding deduction.

Restricted Stock Units. The grant of a restricted stock unit will not result in taxable income at the time of grant and the Company will not be entitled to a corresponding deduction. Upon the settlement of the restricted stock unit, the holder will realize ordinary income in an amount equal to the then fair market value of the shares received, and the Company will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. Gains or losses realized by the grantee upon disposition of such shares will be treated as capital gains and losses, with the basis in such shares equal to the fair market value of the shares at the time of settlement, when issued to the grantee.

Unrestricted Stock. The grant of unrestricted stock will result in the ordinary income for the recipient at the time of grant in an amount equal to the then fair market value of those shares, and the Company will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. Gains or losses realized by the grantee upon the subsequent disposition of such shares will be treated as capital gains and losses, with the basis in such shares equal to the fair market value of the shares at the time of grant.

Dividend Equivalent Rights. The grant of dividend equivalent rights will not result in income to the recipient or in a tax deduction for the Company. When any amount is paid or distributed to a recipient in respect of a dividend equivalent right, the recipient will recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of any property distributed and/or the amount of any cash distributed, and the Company will be entitled to a corresponding deduction.

Withholding of Taxes. The Company may withhold amounts from grantees to satisfy withholding tax requirements. Subject to guidelines established by the compensation committee, grantees may have our common stock withheld from Awards or may tender our common stock to the Company to satisfy tax withholding requirements.

 

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$1 Million Limit. Section 162(m) of the Code disallows a federal income tax deduction for certain compensation in excess of $1 million per year paid to each of the Company’s chief executive officer and its three other most highly compensated executive officers (other than the chief financial officer). Compensation that qualifies as “performance-based compensation” is not subject to the $1 million limit. Stock options and stock appreciation rights generally are exempt from the $1 million limit as performance-based compensation. Other Awards will be exempt from the $1 million limit if the granting or vesting of the Award is conditioned on the achievement of specified, objective performance goals, described above under “—Performance-Based Awards.”

Section 409A. Section 409A of the Code imposes significant restrictions on deferred compensation and may impact on Awards under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan. If the Section 409A restrictions are not followed, a grantee could be subject to accelerated liability for tax on the non-complying award, as well as a 20% penalty tax. The VICI 2017 Stock Plan is intended to be exempt from or to comply with the requirements of Section 409A.

Tax Advice. The preceding discussion is based on federal tax laws and regulations presently in effect, which are subject to change, and the discussion does not purport to be a complete description of the federal income tax aspects of the VICI 2017 Stock Plan. A grantee may also be subject to state and local taxes in connection with the grant of Awards under the VICI 2017 Stock Plan. Grantees are encouraged to see their own legal, tax and accounting advice.

 

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ITEM 7. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Approval Policies

Our nominating and governance committee is responsible for the review, approval and ratification of “related person transactions” between us and any related person pursuant to a written related person transaction policy adopted by our board of directors. Under SEC rules, a related person is an officer, director, nominee for director or beneficial holder of more than of 5% of any class of our voting securities since the beginning of the last fiscal year or an immediate family member of any of the foregoing. In the course of its review and approval or ratification of a related-person transaction, the nominating and governance committee will consider the material facts of such transaction, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

    the nature of the related person’s interest in the transaction;

 

    the material terms of the transaction, including the amount involved and type of transaction;

 

    the purpose of the transaction to the related person and potential benefit to our company;

 

    whether the transaction would impair the judgment of a director or executive officer to act in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders; and

 

    any other matters the nominating and governance committee deems appropriate.

Any member of the nominating and governance committee who is a related person with respect to a transaction under review will not be permitted to participate in the deliberations or vote on the approval or ratification of the transaction. However, such a director may participate in such portions of the deliberations (but not the approval) as the chair of the nominating and governance committee deems appropriate.

Registration Rights Agreement

In accordance with the Plan of Reorganization, on the Effective Date, we entered into a customary registration rights agreement providing for, among other things, our obligation to file a resale registration statement for certain holders of our equity that cannot freely transfer their equity pursuant to section 1145 of the Bankruptcy Code. Under the registration rights agreement, we are required to keep registration statements, if any, that do not automatically incorporate the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filings by reference up to date. To date, no parties have joined the registration rigths agreement. In the future, holders of our common stock to be issued in the Mandatory Conversions may join the agreement. Some of these holders may be related persons.

Other than as described above, there is not currently proposed any transaction or series of similar transactions to which we are a party in which the amount involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000 and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

Director Independence

We define “independent director” by reference to the rules, regulations and listing qualifications of the New York Stock Exchange. In general, a director is deemed independent if the director has no relationship to us that may interfere with the exercise of the director’s independence from management and our company. Our board of directors has affirmatively determined that all of the company’s non-employee directors, James R. Abrahamson, Eugene I. Davis, Eric L. Hauser, Craig Macnab and Michael D. Rumbolz, are independent directors. In making this determination, the board of directors reviewed the non-employee directors’ relationships, if any, with us, and determined that there are no relationships that would interfere with the exercise of such directors’ independence from management and our company.

 

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ITEM 8. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time we may be party to various legal actions and administrative proceedings and subject to various claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization, any liability arising from or relating to legal proceedings involving the businesses and operations located at the real property transferred to us on the Effective Date will be retained by CEOC.

 

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ITEM 9. MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Market Information

There is currently no established public market for our common stock. On the Effective Date, there were 177,160,494 shares of our common stock outstanding.

Stockholders

As of the Effective Date, all of our shares of common stock were held of record by Cede & Co., the nominee for The Depository Trust Company.

Shares of Common Stock Issued in the Restructuring Eligible for Future Sale

Pursuant to Section 1145 of the Bankruptcy Code, except as noted below, the offering, issuance, and distribution of our common stock pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization is exempt from, among other things, the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act and any other applicable U.S. state or local law requiring registration prior to the offering, issuance, distribution, or sale of securities. The shares of our common stock issued in reliance on Section 1145 of the Bankruptcy Code are not be “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144(a)(3) under the Securities Act, and are freely tradable and transferable by any initial recipient thereof that (i) is not an “affiliate” of ours as defined in Rule 144(a)(1) under the Securities Act, (ii) has not been such an “affiliate” within 90 days of such transfer, and (iii) is not an entity that is an “underwriter” as defined in Section 1145(b) of the Bankruptcy Code.

Section 1145(b)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code defines an “underwriter” as any person who:

 

    purchases a claim against, an interest in, or a claim for an administrative expense against the debtor, if that purchase is with a view to distributing any security received in exchange for such a claim or interest;

 

    offers to sell securities offered under a plan of reorganization for the holders of those securities;

 

    offers to buy those securities from the holders of the securities, if the offer to buy is (i) with a view to distributing those securities; and (ii) under an agreement made in connection with the plan of reorganization, the completion of the plan of reorganization, or with the offer or sale of securities under the plan of reorganization; or

 

    is an issuer with respect to the securities, as the term “issuer” is defined in section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.

To the extent that persons who received common stock issued under the Plan of Reorganization that are exempt from registration under the Securities Act or other applicable law by Section 1145 of the Bankruptcy Code are deemed to be “underwriters,” resales by those persons would not be exempted from registration under the Securities Act or other applicable law by Section 1145 of the Bankruptcy Code and may only be sold pursuant to a registration statement or pursuant to exemption therefrom, such as the exemption provided by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. We have agreed to register such shares, if any, for resale pursuant to a Registration Rights Agreement. See “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence—Registration Rights Agreement”.

Whether or not any particular person would be deemed an “underwriter” with respect to our common stock received pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization would depend upon various facts and circumstances applicable to that person. Accordingly, we express no view as to whether any particular person that received our common stock pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization is deemed an “underwriter” with respect to such shares.

 

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Shares of Common Stock Issued in the Mandatory Conversions Eligible for Future Sale

All of our shares of Series A preferred stock issued on the Effective Date and the junior tranche of the CPLV Mezzanine Debt will automatically convert into 51,433,692 and 17,630,700 shares of our common stock in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion and the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion, respectively. The shares of our common stock issued in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion and the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion will be “restricted securities,” as that phrase is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, and may be resold only after registration under the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption from such registration, such as the exemption provided by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Holders of shares of common stock issued upon conversion of our Series A preferred stock and the junior tranche of the CPLV Mezzanine Debt may become parties to the Registration Rights Agreement mentioned above. In that case, following the effectiveness of a resale registration statement, the shares of common stock issued in the Mandatory Conversions will be available for sale in the public market.

Dividend Policy

VICI REIT intends to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2017. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its taxable income on any undistributed portion of such taxable income. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code and to avoid paying entity level tax.

Initially, cash available for distribution to VICI REIT stockholders is derived solely from the rental payments under the Lease Agreements and the income of our TRS. During the first several years of the leases, under the terms of the Lease Agreements, rental income will be allocated for tax purposes generally in an amount greater than cash rents. In addition, we may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes prepared in accordance with GAAP. Further, we may generate taxable income greater than our cash flow from operations after operating expenses and debt service as a result of differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash or the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. In order to avoid current entity level U.S. federal income taxes, we will generally be required to distribute sufficient cash flow after operating expenses and debt service payments to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement. If we do not have sufficient cash flow, we could be required to borrow funds, sell assets or issue dividends in the form of shares of our common stock to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax.

VICI REIT anticipates that its distributions generally will be taxable as ordinary income to its stockholders, although a portion of the distributions may be designated by VICI REIT as qualified dividend income or a capital gain dividend or may constitute a return of capital. VICI REIT will furnish annually to each VICI REIT stockholder a statement setting forth distributions paid during the preceding year and their characterization as ordinary income, return of capital, qualified dividend income or capital gain. If we made any taxable dividend payable in cash and common stock, taxable shareholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, shareholders may be required to pay income tax with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. shareholder sells shares of our common stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. shareholders, we may be required to withhold federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in shares of our common stock.

 

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ITEM 10. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES

On May 5, 2017, we issued 1,000 shares of our common stock to CEOC, our parent company prior to the Effective Date, pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. CEOC disposed of all such shares in connection with the Restructuring.

On the Effective Date, VICI REIT issued 177,160,494 shares of common stock and 12,000,000 shares of Series A preferred stock with an aggregate liquidation preference of $300 million ($25 per share). On, November 6, 2017, the Series A preferred stock will automatically convert into an aggregate of 51,433,692 shares of VICI REIT’s common stock in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion. See “Summary—The Restructuring.” No additional consideration is payable in connection with the Mandatory Preferred Conversion.

Pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization and a Backstop Commitment Agreement dated September 12, 2017, backstop purchasers agreed, or otherwise had the right, to purchase a specified number of the shares of the Series A preferred stock for cash, with the cash proceeds of such purchases being paid to certain creditors of CEOC. 6,002,907 shares of Series A preferred stock were purchased by the backstop purchasers on the Effective Date (the “Backstop Shares”) at a price of $20.83 per share and 5,997,093 shares of Series A preferred stock were issued to creditors of CEOC as a portion of the recovery on account of their claims.

Pursuant to section 1145 of the Bankruptcy Code, the offering and issuance of the shares of VICI REIT’s common stock, Series A preferred stock and the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A preferred stock (in each case, other than the Backstop Shares), is exempt from, among other things, the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act and any other applicable U.S. state or local law requiring registration prior to the offering, issuance, distribution, or sale of securities. The offering and issuance of the Backstop Shares and the common stock issuable in connection with the Mandatory Preferred Conversion are exempt from registration under Section 5 of the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, as an offering to “accredited investors.” The issuance of the common stock in connection with the Mandatory Preferred Conversion of the Backstop Shares, to the extent constituting an offer or sale, is exempt from registration under Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act as an offering and sale to existing security holders.

On the Effective Date, VICI PropCo issued $311.7 million aggregate principal amount of First Lien Notes and $766.9 million in aggregate principal amount of Second Lien Notes. Pursuant to section 1145 of the Bankruptcy Code, the offering and issuance of these securities as contemplated by the Plan of Reorganization is exempt from, among other things, the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act and any other applicable U.S. state or local law requiring registration prior to the offering, issuance, distribution, or sale of securities.

In addition, on the Effective Date, CPLV Mezz 3 LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of VICI PropCo and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of VICI REIT, issued a junior tranche of CPLV Mezzanine Debt in an amount of $250.0 million to institutional accredited investors, which debt will automatically convert on November 6, 2017 into an aggregate of 17,630,700 shares of VICI REIT’s common stock in the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion. See “Summary—The Restructuring.” No additional consideration is payable in connection with the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion. The net proceeds from the issuance of the junior tranche of the CPLV Mezzanine Debt were distributed to creditors under the Plan of Reorganization. The offering and issuance of the junior tranche of the CPLV Mezzanine Debt and the common stock issuable in connection with the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion are exempt from registration under Section 5 of the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, as an offering to “accredited investors.”

 

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ITEM 11. DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED

The following is a summary of the material terms of our capital stock as set forth in our charter and our bylaws, which govern the rights of holders of our capital stock. The following summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to applicable Maryland law and to our charter and our bylaws, copies of which are filed as exhibits to this registration statement. References to “we,” “us” and “our” and the “Company” in this section refer to VICI REIT.

General

Our charter authorizes us to issue up to 700,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, of which 12,000,000 shares are classified as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share. Our charter authorizes our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock that we are authorized to issue or the number of authorized shares of any class or series, subject to the terms of any preferred stock. On the Effective Date, we had 177,160,494 shares of common stock and 12,000,000 shares of Series A preferred stock outstanding.

Under Maryland law, a stockholder generally is not liable for a corporation’s debts or obligations solely as a result of the stockholder’s status as a stockholder.

Common Stock

Subject to the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock discussed below under the caption “—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer” and the voting rights of holders of outstanding shares of any other class or series of our stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters on which stockholders are entitled to vote generally, including the election or removal of directors. The holders of our common stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends if, as and when authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of assets legally available for the payment of dividends. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of outstanding shares of any class or series of our stock having liquidation preferences, if any, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of our common stock do not have preemptive, subscription, redemption, preference, exchange, conversion or appraisal rights. There are no sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All shares of our common stock outstanding at the Effective Date are fully paid and nonassessable and have equal dividend and liquidation rights. The rights, powers, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to those of the holders of any shares of our preferred stock or any other class or series of stock we may authorize and issue in the future.

Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation generally may not amend its charter, consolidate, merge, convert, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a statutory share exchange or dissolve unless the action is advised by its board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. As permitted by Maryland law, our charter provides that any of these actions may be approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except for amendments to the charter provisions relating to indemnification, limitation of liability and amendments to our charter, which require the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast 75% of all of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Charter and Bylaws.” Maryland law also permits a corporation to transfer all or substantially all of its assets without the approval of its stockholders to an entity wholly-owned,

 

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directly or indirectly, by the corporation. In addition, because many of our operating assets are held by our subsidiaries, these subsidiaries are able to merge or sell all or substantially all of their assets without the approval of our stockholders.

Preferred Stock

Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series of preferred stock, and if not already set pursuant to our charter, our board of directors is required by the MGCL and our charter to set the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each such class or series. Our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock that have priority over our common stock with respect to dividends or rights upon liquidation or with terms and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interests.

Series A Preferred Stock

General

Of the 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized for issuance under our charter, 12,000,000 shares have been classified as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share. The Series A preferred stock is validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. All shares of our Series A preferred stock will automatically convert into common stock in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion. See “Summary—The Restructuring.”

Ranking

The Series A preferred stock ranks, with respect to rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs senior to all classes or series of our common stock, and any other class or series of preferred stock established after the original issue date of the Series A preferred stock, except any such class or series of preferred stock as is designated as senior or pari passu to the Series A preferred stock and approved pursuant to certain voting rights of the Series A preferred stock described below.

Dividends

No dividends are payable on the Series A preferred stock prior to the conversion of all shares in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion.

Liquidation Preference

Immediately prior to or in connection with (i) any voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company or any other similar event or proceeding (each a “liquidation event”), (ii) a “deemed liquidation event” (as defined below) pursuant to clause (v) of the definition thereof, or (iii) any other deemed liquidation event other than pursuant to clause (v) of the definition thereof except for any such deemed liquidation event that was approved by the holders of the Series A preferred stock as described below, the holders of the Series A preferred stock will be entitled to receive and to be paid out of the assets of the Company legally available for distribution to its stockholders, for each share of Series A preferred stock, an amount in cash equal to the Series A original issue price, plus any accumulated accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not authorized or declared) up to the date of payment, including any “additional amount” payable to the holders of shares of Series A preferred stock tendered for redemption and not redeemed (the “liquidation preference”), before any payment is made to the holders of our common stock or any other junior securities, subject to the election set forth in the immediately following paragraph. If any deemed liquidation event or liquidation event occurs without the approval by the holders of the Series A preferred stock

 

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or pursuant to clauses (iii), (iv) or (vi) (in the case of clause (vi), as a result of a change in law) of the definition of a deemed liquidation event, then without limitation to their rights and remedies, the holders of the Series A preferred stock will continue to retain their Series A preferred stock, which, for the avoidance of doubt, will be an obligation of the Company and not any successor entity, including by way of merger, unless such holders make a written election within 20 business days of receipt of notice of such event from the Company to receive the liquidation preference. Upon the payment in full of the liquidation preference, the holders of the Series A preferred stock will have no right or claim to any remaining assets of the Company.

In addition to the election provided to holders of Series A preferred stock to retain their Series A preferred stock, if applicable, under the paragraph above, the holders of the Series A preferred stock will be able to elect in their sole discretion no later than 5 business days prior to the consummation of a liquidation event or deemed liquidation event pursuant to clauses (i), (ii), (v) or (vii) of the definition thereof to convert their shares of Series A preferred stock into shares of our common stock immediately prior to (and subject to the consummation of) such liquidation event or deemed liquidation event and share in the proceeds and other consideration of the liquidation event or deemed liquidation event as holders of our common stock in lieu of receiving the liquidation preference. If no such election is made to convert their shares of Series A preferred stock into our common stock, each holder of the Series A preferred stock will receive the liquidation preference or will retain their Series A preferred stock, as applicable, in accordance with the paragraph immediately above. The holders of the Series A preferred stock will be able to elect in their sole discretion at any time to convert their shares of Series A preferred stock into shares of our common stock, including in the case of an event pursuant to clauses (iii), (iv) or (vi) of the definition of deemed liquidation event.

A “deemed liquidation event” means any of the following: (i) the lease of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to a party other than CEOC (or a subsidiary of CEOC necessary for the operation of the assets of the Company) or the sale, distribution, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (in each case whether in one transaction or a series of transactions) to another person (including any stockholder of the Company) or any “fundamental transaction” (as defined below); (ii) an acquisition of the Company by another person or entity by means of any transaction or series of transactions (including any reorganization, merger, consolidation or share transfer) where the stockholders of the Company immediately preceding such transaction own, following such transaction, less than 50% of the voting securities of the Company; (iii) if any person (including any syndicate or group deemed to be a “person” under Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act and the rules of the SEC thereunder) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act, except that a person will be deemed to own any securities that such person has a right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time), directly or indirectly, of 50% or more of the total voting power of all classes of stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors; (iv) the first day on which a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Company does not consist of continuing directors; (v) approval of a plan of liquidation or dissolution of the Company, (vi) the Company ceasing to be a REIT or (vii) the Company entering into any transaction or series of transactions, including by way of merger or consolidation, a sale of all or substantially all of the assets, stock sale or otherwise, which causes or is reasonably likely to cause the Company or any successor entity resulting from such transaction to cease being a REIT.

A “fundamental transaction” means any recapitalization, reclassification or certain changes of our common stock, a consolidation, certain mergers or combinations involving the Company, or a sale, lease or other transfer to another person of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any statutory share exchange, in each case as a result of which our common stock would be converted into, or exchanged for, stock, other securities, other property or assets.

Optional Redemption

Neither we nor the holders of the Series A preferred stock are able to redeem the Series A preferred stock prior to the Mandatory Preferred Conversion.

 

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Conversion

All shares of the Series A preferred stock will automatically convert in the Mandatory Preferred Conversion on November 6, 2017.

Voting Rights

The holders of Series A preferred stock are entitled to vote upon all matters upon which holders of common stock have the right to vote, and, in connection with such matters, are entitled to such number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock into which its shares of Series A preferred stock would convert as of the record date for the matters to be voted on (after giving effect to any limitation on the number of shares of common stock into which shares of Series A preferred stock could be converted as a result of the regulatory limitation, as applied to any such holder) together with the common stock and not separately as a class.

So long as any shares of Series A preferred stock are outstanding, we are not permitted to, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding Series A preferred stock, given in person or by proxy, either in writing or at a meeting (and for these purposes, excluding such shares owned by the Company, CEOC or any subsidiary or other entity controlled by or controlling any such party):

 

    repeal, amend, waive or otherwise change any provisions of our charter or bylaws in any manner (whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise) that adversely affects the powers, preferences, or other rights or privileges of the Series A preferred stock or its holders set forth in the charter or the bylaws, whether direct or indirect;

 

    repeal, amend, waive or otherwise change any provision of the terms of the Series A preferred stock in any manner (whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise) that adversely affects the powers, preferences, or other rights or privileges of the Series A preferred stock or its holders set forth in the charter and/or the bylaws, including any repeal, amendment, waiver or other change that would affect (A) the rights of the holders to receive any payments or to convert or redeem the Series A preferred stock (including any conversion or redemption for preferred partnership units of the operating partnership of which the Company, or a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is the general partner) or to receive notices or to elect to convert or redeem (in each case, including the timing in respect thereof), (B) the maturity or ranking of the Series A preferred stock, (C) the timing, type or amount of dividends or distributions in respect of the Series A preferred stock, (D) the definition of “Yield”, certain voting rights of the Series A preferred stock, the timing, type or amount of liquidation preference, the observer rights of the Series A preferred stock, the optional redemption provisions, the mandatory conversion provisions, including, for the avoidance of doubt, the related definitions, the provisions regarding breaches of the terms of the Series A preferred stock (including any amount payable in respect thereof), or any other matter that would be materially adverse to the holders of Series A preferred stock; provided that, to the extent that such repeal, amendment, waiver or other change would disproportionally adversely affect any holder of Series A preferred stock as compared to any other holder of the Series A preferred stock, the consent of such holder will be required;

 

    enter into any fundamental transaction;

 

    consummate a liquidation event or deemed liquidation event other than a deemed liquidation event pursuant to (x) clause (vi) of the definition of deemed liquidation event solely as a result of a change in law and provided that the Company has used its reasonable best efforts to maintain its REIT status or (y) clauses (iii) or (iv) of such definition;

 

    amend the voting rights of the Series A preferred stock, increase the number of authorized shares of Series A preferred stock or issue additional shares of Series A preferred stock after the issue date other than to pay the dividends on the Series A preferred stock in compliance with the terms of the charter; and

 

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    create any new class or series of stock, any other equity securities, or any debt or other securities convertible into equity securities of the corporation, in each such case having a preference over, or being in parity with, the Series A preferred stock with respect to dividends, liquidation, voting or redemption; provided that on and after the seventh anniversary date of the original issuance of the Series A preferred stock, such matters described in the bullet points above will only require the affirmative vote or consent of holders of at least 60% or more of the then outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock.

Board Observer Rights

Any holder who, together with certain of its affiliates, holds more than 15% of the outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock on its original issue date has the right to designate one individual to be present for all meetings of our board of directors, and all meetings of any committees of our board of directors in a passive, non-voting, non-participatory observer capacity, so long as such aggregate holdings are greater than 15% of the outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock at the time of exercise of such right, and provided that no such election may violate gaming laws applicable to us. Such holder will have the right to remove its passive observer from time to time for any reason and to appoint a new passive observer.

In addition, in the event that certain breaches of the terms of the Series A preferred stock are not cured within three months of the occurrence of the breach, the holders of the Series A preferred stock may designate a person as an observer to the board of directors until such breach is cured, if curable.

No Maturity or Sinking Fund

The Series A preferred stock has no maturity date and is not subject to any sinking fund.

Power to Reclassify and Issue Stock

Subject to the rights of holders of our preferred stock, our board of directors is able to, without approval of holders of our common stock, classify and reclassify any unissued shares of our stock into other classes or series of stock, including one or more classes or series of stock that have preference over our common stock with respect to dividends or upon liquidation, or have voting rights and other rights that differ from the rights of the common stock, and authorize us to issue the newly-classified shares. Before authorizing the issuance of shares of any new class or series, our board of directors is required to set, subject to the provisions in our charter relating to the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each class or series of stock. In addition, our charter authorizes our board of directors, with the approval of a majority of our board of directors and without stockholder approval, to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock, or the number of shares of any class or series of stock, that we are authorized to issue, subject to the rights of holders of our preferred stock. These actions may be taken without the approval of holders of our common stock unless such approval is required by applicable law, the terms of any other class or series of our stock or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which any of our stock is listed or traded.

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

In order for us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares of our stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities such as qualified pension plans) during the last half of a taxable year.

 

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Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our stock. Subject to the exceptions described below, our charter provides that no person or entity will be able to beneficially own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions of the Code, with respect to any class or series of our capital stock, more than 9.8% (in value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of such class or series of our capital stock. Our board may provide exceptions for stockholders, subject to certain initial and ongoing conditions designed to protect our status as a REIT.

The constructive ownership rules under the Code are complex and may cause stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals and/or entities to be owned constructively by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of 9.8% or less of a class or series of our capital stock, or the acquisition of an interest in an entity that owns our stock, could, nevertheless, cause the acquirer or another individual or entity to own our stock in excess of the ownership limit.

Our charter provides that our board of directors has the power to, upon receipt of certain representations and agreements and in its sole discretion, prospectively or retroactively, exempt a person from the ownership limit or establish a different limit on ownership for a particular stockholder if the stockholder’s ownership in excess of the ownership limit would not result in our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year) or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT. As a condition to granting a waiver of the ownership limit or creating an excepted holder limit, our board of directors will be able, but will not be required, to require an opinion of counsel or IRS ruling satisfactory to our board of directors as it may deem necessary or advisable to determine or ensure our status as a REIT and may impose such other conditions or restrictions as it deems appropriate.

In connection with granting a waiver of the ownership limit or creating or modifying an excepted holder limit, or at any other time, our charter provides that our board of directors will be able to increase or decrease the ownership limit unless, after giving effect to any increased or decreased ownership limit, five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities such as qualified pension plans) could beneficially or constructively own, in the aggregate, more than 50% in value of the shares of our stock then outstanding or we would otherwise fail to qualify as a REIT. A decreased ownership limit will not apply to any person or entity whose percentage of ownership of our stock is in excess of the decreased ownership limit until the person or entity’s ownership of our stock equals or falls below the decreased ownership limit, but any further acquisition of our stock will be subject to the decreased ownership limit.

Our charter also provides that:

 

    any person is prohibited from owning shares of our stock that, if effective, would cause us to constructively own more than 9.8% of the ownership interests, assets or net profits in (i) any of our tenants or (ii) any tenant of one of our direct or indirect subsidiaries, to the extent such ownership would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT;

 

    any person is prohibited from beneficially or constructively owning shares of our stock that would result in our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year) or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT; and

 

    any person is prohibited from transferring shares of our stock if the transfer would result in shares of our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons.

Our charter provides that any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our stock that will or may violate the ownership limit or any other restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock discussed above, and any person who owned or would have owned shares of our stock that are transferred to a trust for the benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries described below, will be required to give immediate written notice of such an event or, in the case of a proposed

 

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or attempted transfer, give at least five days’ prior written notice to us and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect of the transfer on our status as a REIT. The provisions of our charter relating to the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock will not apply if our board of directors, subject to stockholder approval, determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT, or if our board of directors determines that compliance with such restrictions is no longer required in order for us to qualify as a REIT.

Our charter provides that any attempted transfer of our stock that, if effective, would result in our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons will be void ab initio and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares of stock. Our charter provides that any attempted transfer of our stock that, if effective, would result in a violation of the ownership limit (or other limit established by our charter or our board of directors), any person owning shares of our stock that, if effective, would cause us to constructively own more than 9.8% of the ownership interests, assets or net profits in (i) any of our tenants or (ii) any tenant of one of our direct or indirect subsidiaries, to the extent such ownership would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT, or our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year) or our otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT will be void ab initio and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares of stock and, if such voidness is not effective, the number of shares causing the violation (rounded up to the nearest whole share) will be transferred automatically to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries, and the intended transferee will not acquire any rights in the shares. The automatic transfer will be effective as of the close of business on the business day before the date of the attempted transfer or other event that resulted in a transfer to the trust. Our charter will provide that if the transfer to the trust as described above does not occur or is not automatically effective, for any reason, to prevent a violation of the applicable restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, then the attempted transfer which, if effective, would have resulted in a violation on the restrictions of ownership and transfer of our stock, will be void ab initio and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares of stock.

Our charter provides that shares of our stock held in the trust will be issued and outstanding shares. The intended transferee may not benefit economically from ownership of any shares of our stock held in the trust and will have no rights to dividends and no rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares of our stock held in the trust. The trustee of the trust will exercise all voting rights and receive all dividends and other distributions with respect to shares held in the trust for the exclusive benefit of the charitable beneficiary of the trust. Our charter provides that any dividend or other distribution paid before we discover that the shares have been transferred to a trust as described above must be repaid by the recipient to the trustee upon demand by us. Pursuant to our charter, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that the shares have been transferred to the trust, the trustee will have the authority to rescind as void any vote cast by an intended transferee before our discovery that the shares have been transferred to the trustee and to recast the vote in accordance with the direction of the trustee acting for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary of the trust.

Pursuant to our charter, within 20 days of receiving notice from us of a transfer of shares to the trust, the trustee must sell the shares to a person, designated by the trustee, that would be permitted to own the shares without violating the ownership limit or the other restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock in our charter. After such sale of the shares, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee must distribute to the intended transferee, an amount equal to the lesser of:

 

    the price paid by the intended transferee for the shares or, if the intended transferee did not give value for the shares in connection with the event that resulted in the transfer to the trust at the market price of the shares on the day of the event that resulted in the transfer of such shares to the trust; and

 

    the sales proceeds received by the trustee for the shares.

Any net sales proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the intended transferee shall be paid to the charitable beneficiary.

 

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Our charter provides that shares of our stock held in the trust will be deemed to be offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of:

 

    the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer to the trust or, in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction, at market price, at the time of such gift, devise or other such transaction; and

 

    the market price on the date we accept, or our designee accepts, such offer.

The amount payable to the transferee may be reduced by the amount of any dividends or other distributions that we paid to the intended transferee before we discovered that the shares had been transferred to the trust and that is owed by the intended transferee to the trustee as described above. We may accept the offer until the trustee has otherwise sold the shares of our stock held in the trust. Pursuant to our charter, upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee must distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the intended transferee and distribute any dividends or other distributions held by the trustee with respect to the shares to the charitable beneficiary.

Every owner of 5% or more (or such lower percentage as required by the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder) of the outstanding shares of our stock, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, must give us written notice stating the person’s name and address, the number of shares of each class and series of our stock that the person beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which the shares are held. Each such owner also must provide us with any additional information that we request in order to determine the effect, if any, of the person’s beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the ownership limit. In addition, any person or entity that is a beneficial owner or constructive owner of shares of our stock and any person or entity (including the stockholder of record) who is holding shares of our stock for a beneficial owner or constructive owner will be required to, on request, disclose to us such information as we may request in order to determine our status as a REIT or to comply, or determine our compliance, with the requirements of any governmental or taxing authority.

If our board of directors authorizes any of our shares to be represented by certificates, the certificates will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.

These restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock became effective upon consummation of the Plan of Reorganization on the Effective Date.

In addition, these restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of us that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.

Redemption of Securities Owned or Controlled by an Unsuitable Person or Affiliate

In addition to the restrictions set forth above, all of our outstanding shares of capital stock are held subject to applicable gaming laws. Any person owning or controlling at least 5% of the outstanding shares any class of our capital stock is required to promptly notify us of such person’s identity. Our charter provides that any shares of our capital stock that are owned or controlled by an unsuitable person or an affiliate of an unsuitable person is redeemable by us, out of funds legally available for that redemption, to the extent required by the gaming authorities making the determination of unsuitability or to the extent determined to be necessary or advisable by our board of directors. From and after the redemption date, the securities will not be considered outstanding and all rights of the unsuitable person or affiliate will cease, other than the right to receive the redemption price. The redemption price with respect to any securities to be redeemed will be the price, if any, required to be paid by the gaming authority making the finding of unsuitability or if the gaming authority does not require a price to be paid (including if the finding of unsuitability is made by our board of directors alone), an amount that in no event exceeds (i) the market price of such securities as reported on a securities exchange, a generally recognized

 

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reporting system or domestic over-the-counter market, as applicable, or (ii) if such securities are not quoted by any recognized reporting system, then the fair market value thereof, as determined in good faith and in the reasonable discretion of the board of directors. The redemption price may be paid in cash, by promissory note, or both, as required by the applicable gaming authority and, if not, as determined by us. If all or a portion of the redemption price is paid with a promissory note, such note shall have a ten year term, bear interest at 3% and amortize in 120 equal monthly instalments and contain such other terms determined by our board.

Our charter provides that the redemption right is not exclusive and that our capital stock that is owned or controlled by an unsuitable person or an affiliate of an unsuitable person may also be transferred to a trust for the benefit of a designated charitable beneficiary, and that any such unsuitable person or affiliate will not be entitled to any dividends on the shares or be entitled to vote the shares or receive any proceeds from the subsequent sale of the shares in excess of the lesser of the price paid by the unsuitable person or affiliate for the shares or the amount realized from the sale, in each case less a discount in a percentage (up to 100%) to be determined by our board of directors in its sole and absolute discretion.

Our charter requires any unsuitable person and any affiliate of an unsuitable person to indemnify us and our affiliated companies for any and all costs, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by us and our affiliated companies as a result of the unsuitable person’s ownership or control or failure to promptly divest itself of any securities of VICI REIT when and in the specific manner required by a gaming authority or by our charter.

Under our charter, an unsuitable person is defined as one who (i) fails or refuses to file, after being requested to do so and within the timeframe required by the applicable gaming authority, an application, or has withdrawn or requested the withdrawal of a pending application (without permission from or over the objection of the applicable gaming authority), to be found suitable by any gaming authority or for any gaming license, (ii) is denied or disqualified from eligibility for any gaming license by any gaming authority, (iii) is determined by any gaming authority to be unsuitable or disqualified to own or control any of our capital stock, (iv) is determined by any gaming authority to be unsuitable to be affiliated, associated or involved with a person engaged in gaming activities or holding a gaming license in any gaming jurisdiction, (v) causes any gaming license of our company or any of our affiliates to be lost, rejected, rescinded, suspended, revoked or not renewed, or causes our company or any of our affiliates to be threatened by any gaming authority with the loss, rejection, rescission, suspension, revocation or non-renewal of any gaming license, or (vi) is deemed likely, in the sole and absolute discretion of our board, to preclude or materially delay or jeopardize any gaming license, cause or otherwise result in, the disapproval, cancellation, termination, material adverse modification or non-renewal of any material contract with a gaming authority to which our company or our affiliates is a party, or cause or otherwise result in the imposition of any materially burdensome or unacceptable terms or conditions on any gaming license of our company or any of our affiliates.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company.

Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Charter and Bylaws

The following summary of certain provisions of Maryland law and of our charter and bylaws in effect on the Effective Date is qualified in its entirety by reference to the MGCL and our charter and bylaws, copies of which are filed as exhibits to this registration statement.

Election and Removal of Directors

Our charter and bylaws provide that the number of our directors may be established only by our board of directors but may not be more than fifteen or fewer than the minimum number permitted by the MGCL, which is one. On the Effective Date, the number of directors was set at six, which directors were designated pursuant to

 

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the Plan of Reorganization. Our bylaws provide for the election of directors, in uncontested elections, by a majority of the votes cast. In contested elections, the election of directors shall be by a plurality of the votes cast. Our bylaws provide that a director may not be an “unsuitable person” as defined in our charter.

Our bylaws provide that any vacancy on our board of directors may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum of the board of directors, except that a vacancy created by the removal of a director by stockholders may also be filled by the requisite vote or consent of stockholders set forth in our bylaws.

Our charter also provides that, subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred stock to elect one or more directors, a director may be removed, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors.

Amendment to Charter and Bylaws

Except as described in “—Series A Preferred Stock—Voting Rights” and as provided in our charter with respect to indemnification, limitation of liability and certain provisions relating to amendments to our charter, which require the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast 75% of all the votes entitled to be cast on those matters, and except for certain amendments which under Maryland law may be adopted by the board of directors without stockholder approval, amendments to our charter must be advised by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of our stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Except as described above in “—Series A Preferred Stock—Voting Rights,” our board of directors and our stockholders, by the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of all shares then outstanding and entitled to be cast on the matter have the power to amend our bylaws, provided that the sections of our bylaws relating to the opt out from the control share acquisition statute, amending the bylaws, and stockholder rights plans may not be amended except by the affirmative vote of two thirds of all the votes outstanding and entitled to be cast with respect to amendments to the provision relating to the control share acquisition statute and the affirmative vote of 75% of all the votes outstanding and entitled to be cast with respect to the latter two matters.

Business Combinations

Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, and, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:

 

    any person who beneficially, directly or indirectly, owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock; or

 

    an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period before the date in question, was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s then outstanding voting stock.

A person is not an interested stockholder under the MGCL if the corporation’s board of directors approves in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. In approving the transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.

After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and the interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the corporation’s board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

 

    80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and

 

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    two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.

These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under the MGCL, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.

The MGCL provides various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Our charter provides that, notwithstanding any other provision of our charter or our bylaws, the Maryland Business Combination Act (Title 3, Subtitle 6 of the MGCL) will not apply to any business combination between us and any interested stockholder, or any affiliate of an interested stockholder, and provides that we expressly elect not to be governed by the provisions of Section 3-602 of the MGCL (the operative provision of the Maryland Business Combination Act) in whole or in part. Any amendment to such provision of our charter must be approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the supermajority vote requirements will not apply to a business combination between us and any other person. As a result, any person described in the preceding sentence may be able to enter into a business combination with us that may not be in the best interests of our stockholders, without compliance with the supermajority vote requirements and other provisions of the statute. We cannot assure you that this provision of our bylaws will not be amended or repealed in the future. In that event, business combinations between us and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder would be subject to the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements.

Control Share Acquisitions

The MGCL provides that a holder of control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition has no voting rights with respect to the control shares except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:

 

    one-tenth or more but less than one-third;

 

    one-third or more but less than a majority; or

 

    a majority or more of all voting power.

Control shares do not include shares the acquirer is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval or shares acquired directly from us. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the board of directors of the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquirer does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may, subject to certain limitations and conditions,

 

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redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last acquisition of control shares by the acquiring person in a control share acquisition; or, if a meeting of stockholders is held at which the voting rights of the shares are considered and not approved, then as of the date of the meeting. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of a majority of the voting power, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.

The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

Our bylaws contain a provision exempting any acquisition of our stock by any person from the foregoing provisions on control shares. This provision of our bylaws may not be altered, amended or repealed except by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. In the event that our bylaws are amended to modify or eliminate this provision, acquisitions of our common stock may constitute a control share acquisition and may be subject to the control share acquisition statute.

Subtitle 8

Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL (“Subtitle 8”) permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and without the need for stockholder approval, and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to be subject to any or all of five provisions, including:

 

    a classified board of directors;

 

    a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director;

 

    a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the board of directors;

 

    a requirement that a vacancy on the board of directors be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies; and

 

    a provision that a special meeting of stockholders must be called upon stockholder request only on the written request of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting.

We do not currently have a classified board. Our charter provides that we are prohibited from electing to be subject to any or all of the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL unless such election is first approved by the stockholders by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we (1) vest in our board of directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directors, and (2) require the request of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting to call a special meeting (unless the special meeting is called by our board of directors, the chair of our board of directors, our president or chief executive officer as described below under “—Special Meetings of Stockholders”).

Special Meetings of Stockholders

Our board of directors, the chair of our board of directors, our president or our chief executive officer may call a special meeting of our stockholders. Our bylaws provide that a special meeting of our stockholders to act

 

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on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of our stockholders must also be called by our secretary upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at the meeting and containing the information required by our bylaws.

Stockholder Action by Written Consent

The MGCL generally provides that, unless the charter of the corporation authorizes stockholder action by less than unanimous consent, stockholder action may be taken by consent in lieu of a meeting only if it is given by all stockholders entitled to vote on the matter. Our charter permits stockholder action by consent in lieu of a meeting to the extent permitted by our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the holders of common stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors may be taken without a meeting (a) if a unanimous consent setting forth the action is given in writing or by electronic transmission by each stockholder entitled to vote on the matter and filed with the minutes of proceedings of the stockholders or (b) if the action is advised, and submitted to the stockholders for approval, by our board and a consent in writing or by electronic transmission of stockholders entitled to cast not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take the action at a meeting of stockholders is delivered to us in accordance with Maryland law. We will be required to give notice of any action taken by less than unanimous consent to each stockholder not later than ten days after the effective time of such action.

Competing Interests and Activities of Our Directors or Officers

Our charter also provides that we have the power to renounce, by resolution of the board of directors, any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered, an opportunity to participate in, business opportunities or classes or categories of business opportunities that are (i) presented to us or (ii) developed by or presented to one or more of our directors or officers.

Advance Notice of Director Nomination and New Business

Our bylaws provide that nominations of individuals for election as directors and proposals of business to be considered by stockholders at any annual meeting may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) by or at the direction of our board of directors or any duly authorized committee of our board of directors or (3) by any stockholder present in person or by proxy who was a stockholder of record at the time of provision of notice by the stockholders and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of the individuals so nominated or on such other proposed business who is not an “unsuitable person” as defined in our charter, and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of our bylaws. Stockholders generally must provide notice to our secretary not earlier than the 150th day or later than the close of business on the 120th day before the first anniversary of the date of our proxy statement for the preceding year’s annual meeting.

Only the business specified in the notice of the meeting may be brought before a special meeting of our stockholders. Nominations of individuals for election as directors at a special meeting of stockholders may be made only (1) by or at the direction of our board of directors or any duly authorized committee of our board of directors or (2) if the special meeting has been called in accordance with our bylaws for the purpose of electing directors, by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record both at the time of provision of notice and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of our bylaws. Stockholders generally must provide notice to our secretary not earlier than the 120th day before the first anniversary of the preceding year’s proxy statement or later than the later of the close of business on the 90th day before the first anniversary of the preceding year’s proxy statement or the tenth day after the first public announcement of the date of the special meeting and the nominees of our board of directors to be elected at the meeting.

A stockholder’s notice must contain certain information specified by our bylaws about the stockholder, its affiliates and any proposed business or nominee for election as a director, including information about the economic interest of the stockholder, its affiliates and any proposed nominee in us.

 

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Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and our Charter and Bylaws

The restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock discussed under the caption “—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer” prohibit any person from acquiring, with respect to any class or series of our capital stock, more than 9.8% (in value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of such class or series of our capital stock without the approval of our board of directors. These provisions may delay, defer or prevent a change in control of us. Further, subject to the rights of holders of preferred stock, our board of directors has the power to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares and classify and reclassify any unissued shares of our stock into other classes or series of stock, and to authorize us to issue the newly-classified shares, as discussed under the captions “—Common Stock” and “—Power to Reclassify and Issue Stock,” and could authorize the issuance of shares of common stock or another class or series of stock, including a class or series of preferred stock, that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us. We believe that the power to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of common or preferred stock, without approval of holders of our common stock, provides us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs that might arise.

Our charter and bylaws also provide that the number of directors may be established only by our board of directors, which prevents our stockholders from increasing the number of our directors and filling any vacancies created by such increase with their own nominees. The provisions of our bylaws discussed above under the captions “—Special Meetings of Stockholders” and “—Advance Notice of Director Nomination and New Business” require stockholders seeking to call a special meeting, nominate an individual for election as a director or propose other business at an annual meeting to comply with certain notice and information requirements. We believe that these provisions help to assure the continuity and stability of our business strategies and policies as determined by our board of directors and promote good corporate governance by providing us with clear procedures for calling special meetings, information about a stockholder proponent’s interest in us and adequate time to consider stockholder nominees and other business proposals. However, these provisions, alone or in combination, could make it more difficult for our stockholders to remove incumbent directors or fill vacancies on our board of directors with their own nominees and could delay, defer or prevent a change in control, including a proxy contest or tender offer that might involve a premium price for our common stockholders or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

Exclusive Forum

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, will be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of any duty owed by any of our present or former directors or officers or other employees or stockholders to us or to our stockholders, as applicable, or any standard of conduct applicable to our directors, (c) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our present or former directors or officers or other employees arising pursuant to any provision of the MGCL or our charter or bylaws or (d) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our present or former directors or officers or other employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Description of Our Operating Partnership Agreement

We have summarized the material terms of the limited partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership. This summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the limited partnership agreement of VICI Properties L.P., which is filed as an exhibit to this registration statement.

General

Our Operating Partnership, VICI Properties L.P., is a newly formed Delaware limited partnership. All of our assets (other than the golf course assets), are held by, and all of our operations (other than the golf course

 

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operations) are conducted through, our Operating Partnership, either directly or through subsidiaries. The provisions of the limited partnership agreement described below became effective on the Effective Date. VICI Properties GP LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary, is the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership.

In the future, some of our property acquisitions could be financed by issuing partnership units in exchange for property owned by third parties. Such third parties would then be entitled to share in cash distributions from, and in the profits and losses of, our Operating Partnership in proportion to their respective percentage interests in our Operating Partnership if and to the extent authorized by the general partner of our Operating Partnership. Holders of outstanding partnership units will, from and after the first anniversary of the date of the Effective Date (subject to the terms of the limited partnership agreement), have the right to elect to redeem their partnership units for cash, based upon the value of an equivalent number of shares of our common stock at the time of the election to redeem, subject to our right to acquire the partnership units tendered for redemption in exchange for an equivalent number of shares of our common stock, subject to the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock to be set forth in our charter. The partnership units will not be listed on any securities exchange or quoted on any inter-dealer quotation system.

Provisions in the limited partnership agreement may delay or make more difficult unsolicited acquisitions of us or changes in our control. These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an unsolicited acquisition of us or change of our control, although some stockholders might consider such proposals, if made, desirable. These provisions also make it more difficult for third parties to alter the management structure of our Operating Partnership without the concurrence of our board of directors. These provisions include, among others:

 

    redemption rights of limited partners and certain assignees of partnership units or other Operating Partnership interests;

 

    transfer restrictions on partnership units and restrictions on admission of partners;

 

    a requirement that VICI Properties GP LLC may not be removed as the general partner of our Operating Partnership without its consent;

 

    the ability of the general partner in some cases to amend the limited partnership agreement and to cause our Operating Partnership to issue preferred partnership interests in our Operating Partnership with terms that it may determine, in either case, without the approval or consent of any limited partner; and

 

    the right of any future limited partners to consent to transfers of units of other Operating Partnership interests except under specified circumstances, including in connection with mergers, consolidations and other business combinations involving us.

Purpose, Business and Management

Our Operating Partnership is formed for the purpose of conducting any business, enterprise or activity permitted by or under the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (the “DRULPA”), including (1) to conduct the business of ownership, construction, reconstruction, development, redevelopment, alteration, improvement, maintenance, operation, sale, leasing, transfer, encumbrance, financing, refinancing, conveyance and exchange of any asset or property of the Operating Partnership, (2) to acquire or invest in any securities and/or loans relating to such properties, (3) to enter into any partnership, joint venture, business or statutory trust arrangement, limited liability company or other similar arrangement to engage in any business permitted by or under the DRULPA, or to own interests in any entity engaged in any business permitted by or under the DRULPA, (4) to conduct the business of providing property and asset management and brokerage services, and (5) to do anything necessary or incidental to the foregoing. However, our Operating Partnership may not, without the general partner’s specific consent, which it may give or withhold in its sole and absolute discretion, take, or refrain from taking, any action that, in its judgment, in its sole and absolute discretion:

 

    could adversely affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT;

 

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    could subject us to any taxes under Code Section 857 or Code Section 4981 or any other related or successor provision under the Code;

 

    could violate any law or regulation of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over us or our securities or our Operating Partnership; or

 

    could cause us not to be in compliance in all material respects with any covenants, conditions or restrictions pursuant to an agreement to which we are party unless we have provided our consent to such action.

The general partner is accountable to our Operating Partnership as a fiduciary and consequently must exercise good faith and integrity in handling partnership affairs. If there is a conflict between our interests or the interests of our stockholders, on the one hand, and the Operating Partnership or any current or future limited partners, on the other hand, the general partner will endeavor in good faith to resolve the conflict in a manner not adverse to either us or our stockholders or any limited partners; provided, however, that any conflict that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either us or our stockholders or any limited partners shall be resolved in favor of us and our stockholders. The limited partners of our Operating Partnership expressly acknowledge that VICI Properties GP LLC, as general partner of our Operating Partnership, is acting for the benefit of the Operating Partnership, the limited partners and our stockholders collectively. Neither our company nor our board of directors will be under any obligation to give priority to the separate interests of the limited partners or our stockholders in deciding whether to cause our Operating Partnership to take or decline to take any actions, except as described above. The limited partners agree that our status as a REIT and as a reporting company under Section 12 of the Exchange Act is of benefit to the Operating Partnership and that all actions taken in good faith by the general partner in support thereof shall be deemed actions taken for the benefit of the Operating Partnership and all partners including the limited partners.

The limited partnership agreement also provides that the general partner is not liable to our Operating Partnership, its partners or any other person bound by the limited partnership agreement for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by our Operating Partnership or any limited partner, except for any such losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived as a result of (i) an act or omission on the part of the general partner that was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; (ii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, an act or omission on the part of the general partner that it had reasonable cause to believe was unlawful; or (iii) for any loss resulting from any transaction for which the general partner actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services in violation or breach of any provision of the limited partnership agreement. Moreover, the limited partnership agreement provides that our Operating Partnership is required to indemnify the general partner and its members, managers, managing members, officers, employees, agents and designees from and against any and all claims that relate to the operations of our Operating Partnership, except (1) if the act or omission of the person was material to the matter giving rise to the action and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active or deliberate dishonesty, (2) for any transaction for which the indemnified party received an improper personal benefit, in money, property or services in violation or breach of any provision of the limited partnership agreement or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, if the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.

Except as otherwise expressly provided in the limited partnership agreement and subject to the rights of future holders of any class or series of partnership interest, all management powers over the business and affairs of our Operating Partnership are exclusively vested in VICI Properties GP LLC, in its capacity as the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership. No limited partner, in its capacity as a limited partner, has any right to participate in or exercise management power over the business and affairs of our Operating Partnership (provided, however, that we, in our capacity as the sole member of the general partner and not in our capacity as a limited partner of the Operating Partnership, have the power to direct the actions of the general partner with respect to the Operating Partnership). VICI Properties GP LLC may not be removed as the general partner of our Operating Partnership, with or without cause, without its consent, which it may give or withhold in its sole and

 

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absolute discretion. In addition to the powers granted to the general partner under applicable law or any provision of the limited partnership agreement, but subject to certain other provisions of the limited partnership agreement and the rights of future holders of any class or series of partnership interest, VICI Properties GP LLC, in its capacity as the general partner of our Operating Partnership, has the full and exclusive power and authority to do all things that it deems necessary or desirable to conduct the business and affairs of our Operating Partnership, to exercise or direct the exercise of all of the powers of our Operating Partnership and to effectuate the purposes of our Operating Partnership without the approval or consent of any limited partner. The general partner may authorize our Operating Partnership to incur debt and enter into credit, guarantee, financing or refinancing arrangements for any purpose, including, without limitation, in connection with any acquisition of properties, on such terms as it determines to be appropriate, and to acquire or dispose of any, all or substantially all of its assets (including goodwill), dissolve, merge, consolidate, reorganize or otherwise combine with another entity, without the approval or consent of any limited partner. With limited exceptions, the general partner may execute, deliver and perform agreements and transactions on behalf of our Operating Partnership without the approval or consent of any limited partner.

The limited partnership agreement provides that our Operating Partnership will assume and pay when due, or reimburse us for payment of all costs and expenses relating to the operations of, or for the benefit of, our Operating Partnership.

Additional Limited Partners

The general partner of our Operating Partnership may cause our Operating Partnership to issue additional partnership units or other partnership interests and to admit additional limited partners to our Operating Partnership from time to time, on such terms and conditions and for such capital contributions as it may establish in its sole and absolute discretion, without the approval or consent of any limited partner, including:

 

    upon the conversion, redemption or exchange of any debt, partnership units or other partnership interests or securities issued by our Operating Partnership;

 

    for less than fair market value; or

 

    in connection with any merger of any other entity into our Operating Partnership.

The net capital contribution need not be equal for all limited partners. Each person admitted as an additional limited partner must make certain representations to each other partner relating to, among other matters, such person’s ownership of any tenant of our Operating Partnership. No person may be admitted as an additional limited partner without the consent of the general partner, which the general partner may give or withhold in its sole and absolute discretion, and no approval or consent of any limited partner will be required in connection with the admission of any additional limited partner.

Our Operating Partnership may issue additional partnership interests in one or more classes, or one or more series of any of such classes, with such designations, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption (including, without limitation, terms that may be senior or otherwise entitled to preference over the units) as the general partner may determine, in its sole and absolute discretion, without the approval of any limited partner or any other person. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the general partner may specify, as to any such class or series of partnership interest:

 

    the allocations of items of partnership income, gain, loss, deduction and credit to each such class or series of partnership interest;

 

    the right of each such class or series of partnership interest to share, on a junior, senior or pari passu basis, in distributions;

 

    the rights of each such class or series of partnership interest upon dissolution and liquidation of our Operating Partnership;

 

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    the voting rights, if any, of each such class or series of partnership interest; and

 

    the conversion, redemption or exchange rights applicable to each such class or series of partnership interest.

Transferability of Interests

Except in connection with a transaction described in “—Termination Transactions,” VICI Properties GP LLC, as general partner, may not voluntarily withdraw from our Operating Partnership, or transfer or assign all or any portion of its interest in our Operating Partnership, without the consent of the holders of a majority of the limited partnership interests (excluding units owned directly or indirectly by us). Holders of limited partnership units do not vote on matters submitted to our stockholders for approval and do not generally vote on actions to be taken by the Operating Partnership, except as set forth in the preceding sentence, and as set forth below, see “—Amendments of the Limited Partnership Agreement,” “—Termination Transactions,” and “Dissolution.” The limited partners will agree not to sell, assign, encumber or otherwise dispose of their Operating Partnership units to any person (other than to us, or the general partner, to immediate family members or any trust for their benefit, to affiliates of such partner, including, without limitation, any entity controlled by such partner, to a charitable entity or a trust for their benefit, or to a lending institution as collateral for a bona fide loan, subject to certain limitations) unless they have provided the general partner a right of first offer. All transfers must be made only to “accredited investors” as defined under Rule 501 of the Securities Act or otherwise in accordance with applicable securities laws.

Amendments of the Limited Partnership Agreement

Amendments to the limited partnership agreement may be proposed by our general partner, or by the limited partners owning at least 50% of the partnership units held by the limited partners (including units held directly or indirectly by us).

Generally, the limited partnership agreement may not be amended, modified or terminated without the approval of both the general partner and limited partners holding a majority of all outstanding partnership units held by the limited partners (other than, in each case, Operating Partnership units owned directly or indirectly by us). The general partner has the power to unilaterally make certain amendments to the limited partnership agreement without obtaining the consent of the limited partners as may be required to:

 

    add to its obligations as general partner or surrender any right or power granted to it as general partner or any of our affiliates for the benefit of the limited partners;

 

    reflect the issuance of additional partnership units, transfer of any partnership interest or the admission, substitution, termination or withdrawal of limited partners in each case in accordance with the terms of the limited partnership agreement;

 

    reflect a change of an inconsequential nature that does not adversely affect the limited partners in any material respect, or cure any ambiguity, correct or supplement any provisions of the limited partnership agreement not inconsistent with law or with other provisions of the limited partnership agreement, or make other changes concerning matters under the limited partnership agreement that will not otherwise be inconsistent with the limited partnership agreement or law;

 

    set forth or amend the designations, rights, preferences, privileges and other terms and conditions of any new class of partnership interest permitted to be issued under the limited partnership agreement;

 

    satisfy any requirements, conditions or guidelines of federal or state law;

 

    reflect changes that are reasonably necessary for us to maintain our status as a REIT or to satisfy REIT requirements, reflect the transfer of all or any part of a partnership interest among the general partner and any entity disregarded as separate from the general partner for tax purposes or to ensure that the Operating Partnership will not be classified as a publicly traded partnership for tax purposes;

 

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    modify the manner in which capital accounts are computed or net income or net loss are allocated; or

 

    to reflect any other modification as is reasonably necessary for the business or operation of the Operating Partnership or the general partner, which does not violate the restrictions on the general partner.

Amendments that would, among other things, convert a limited partner’s interest into a general partner’s interest, modify the limited liability of a limited partner, adversely alter a partner’s right to receive any distributions or allocations of profits or losses, adversely alter or modify the redemption rights, reduce any limited partner’s right to indemnity, create any liability of a limited partner, amend these restrictions or admit any other person as a general partner other than in accordance with the successor provisions of the limited partnership agreement or alter the protections of the limited partners in connection with Termination Transactions described below, which, in each case, must be approved by each limited partner that would be adversely affected by such amendment.

In addition, without the written consent of a majority of the partnership units held by limited partners (excluding units owned directly or indirectly by us), the general partner, may not do any of the following:

 

    take any action in contravention of an express prohibition or limitation contained in the limited partnership agreement;

 

    perform any act that would subject a limited partner to liability as a general partner in any jurisdiction or any liability not contemplated in the limited partnership agreement;

 

    enter into any contract, mortgage loan or other agreement that prohibits or restricts, or has the effect of prohibiting or restricting, the ability of a limited partner to exercise its redemption/exchange rights explained below; or

 

    withdraw from the Operating Partnership or transfer any portion of its general partnership interest.

Distributions to Unitholders

The limited partnership agreement provides that holders of partnership units will be entitled to receive distributions of 100% of available cash, at least quarterly, on a pro rata basis in accordance with the number of partnership units held by each of them and by us (subject to the rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of any class of preferred partnership interests that may be authorized and issued after the offering). In the event that we declare and pay any dividend of cash or assets to holders of our common stock from the cash flow or assets of the TRS, each limited partner (other than us) will be paid in preference to any distribution to which we are entitled, an amount equal to the portion of any such dividend, which such limited partner would have received on account of our common stock, which such limited partner would have received if such limited partner’s units had been redeemed for shares of our common stock.

Redemption/Exchange Rights

Each limited partner shall have the right, commencing on the first anniversary of the issuance of the applicable partnership units, to require our Operating Partnership to redeem part or all of its partnership units for cash based upon the fair market value of an equivalent number of shares of our common stock at the time of the redemption. Alternatively, we may elect to acquire those partnership units in exchange for shares of our common stock. Any such exchange will be on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, issuances of stock rights, specified extraordinary distributions and similar events. Commencing on the first anniversary of the issuance of the applicable partnership units, limited partners who hold partnership units may exercise this redemption right from time to time, in whole or in part, except when, as a consequence of shares of our common stock being issued, any person’s actual or constructive stock ownership would exceed our ownership limits, or any other limit as provided in our charter or as otherwise determined by our board of directors as described under the section entitled “Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”

 

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In addition, if the number of partnership units delivered by a limited partner for redemption, together with other shares of our common stock owned or attributed to that limited partner, exceeds 9.8% of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock (in value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) and we are eligible to file a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act, then we may also elect to redeem the partnership units with the proceeds from a public offering or private placement of our common stock. In the event we elect this option, we may require the other limited partners to also elect whether or not to participate. Participating limited partners will receive on the redemption date the proceeds per share in the public offering (less any discount or commission), but will have a limited opportunity to withdraw their partnership units from the redemption immediately prior to the pricing of the public offering.

Capital Contributions

The limited partnership agreement provides that the general partner may determine that, subsequent to the Effective Date, our Operating Partnership requires additional funds for the acquisition of additional properties or for other purposes. Under the limited partnership agreement, we are obligated to contribute the proceeds of any offering of our shares of stock as additional capital to our Operating Partnership, except, among others circumstances, in the event that the proceeds from such offering are used to operate or invest in assets of the golf course properties owned by the TRS on the Effective Date and only if such proceeds would exceed an amount yet to be determined.

The limited partnership agreement provides that we may make additional capital contributions, including properties, to our Operating Partnership in exchange for additional partnership units. If we contribute additional capital and receive additional partnership interests for the capital contribution, our percentage interests will be increased on a proportionate basis based on the amount of the additional capital contributions and the value of our Operating Partnership at the time of the contributions. Conversely, the percentage interests of the other limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis. In addition, if we contribute additional capital and receive additional partnership interests for the capital contribution, the capital accounts of the partners may be adjusted upward or downward to reflect any unrealized gain or loss attributable to the properties as if there were an actual sale of the properties at the fair market value thereof. No person has any preemptive, preferential or other similar right with respect to making additional capital contributions or loans to the Operating Partnership or the issuance or sale of any partnership units or other partnership interests.

Our Operating Partnership could issue preferred partnership interests in connection with acquisitions of property or otherwise. Any such preferred partnership interests would have priority over common partnership interests with respect to distributions from our Operating Partnership, including the partnership interests that we own.

Tax Matters

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, as of the Effective Date our Operating Partnership is viewed as “disregarded as an entity separate from its owner,” VICI REIT. As a result, all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the Operating Partnership are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of VICI REIT itself, including for purposes of the gross income and asset tests applicable to VICI REIT. However, in the future, if one or more third-party investors are admitted as partners of the Operating Partnership, it will be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in which case VICI Properties GP LLC will serve as the tax matters partner or partnership representative of our Operating Partnership and, as such, will have authority to make tax elections under the Code on behalf of our Operating Partnership.

Termination Transactions

The limited partnership agreement provides that our company shall not and the Operating Partnership shall not engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another person, sale of all or

 

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substantially all of its assets or any reclassification or any recapitalization or change in outstanding shares of our common stock or the Operating Partnership’s partnership interests (a “termination transaction”), unless in connection with a termination transaction,

(A) all limited partners will receive, or have the right to elect to receive, for each partnership unit an amount of cash, securities or other property equal to the product of:

 

    the number of shares of our common stock into which each partnership unit is then exchangeable, and

 

    the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid to the holder of one share of our common stock in consideration of one share of our common stock in connection with the termination transaction,

provided that, if, in connection with a termination transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer is made to and accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, each holder of partnership units will receive, or will have the right to elect to receive, the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property which such holder would have received had it exercised its redemption right and received shares of our common stock in exchange for its partnership units immediately prior to the expiration of such purchase, tender or exchange offer and accepted such purchase, tender or exchange offer; or

(B) the following conditions are met:

 

    substantially all of the assets of the surviving entity are held directly or indirectly by our Operating Partnership or another limited partnership or limited liability company which is the surviving partnership of a merger, consolidation or combination of assets with our Operating Partnership;

 

    the holders of partnership units own a percentage interest of the surviving partnership based on the relative fair market value of the net assets of our Operating Partnership and the other net assets of the surviving partnership immediately prior to the consummation of this transaction;

 

    the rights, preferences and privileges of such unit holders in the surviving partnership are at least as favorable as those in effect immediately prior to the consummation of the transaction and as those applicable to any other limited partners or non-managing members of the surviving partnership; and

 

    the limited partners may exchange their interests in the surviving partnership for either the consideration available to the limited partners pursuant to the first paragraph in this section, or the right to redeem their common units for cash on terms equivalent to those in effect with respect to their units immediately prior to the consummation of the transaction or if the ultimate controlling person of the surviving partnership has publicly traded common equity securities, shares of those common equity securities, at an exchange ratio based on the relative fair market value of those securities and our common stock; or

(C) the terms are otherwise consented to by the limited partners holding a majority of the limited partnership units (excluding units owned directly or indirectly by us).

Dissolution

Our Operating Partnership will dissolve, and its affairs will be wound up, upon the first to occur of any of the following:

 

    an event of withdrawal, as defined in DRULPA, including, without limitation, by reason of the bankruptcy of our general partner, unless, within 90 days after the withdrawal, a majority of interest of the remaining partners agree in writing to continue the business of our Operating Partnership and to the appointment, effective as of the date of withdrawal, of a successor general partner;

 

    an election to dissolve our Operating Partnership made by the general partner, with the consent of the limited partners (including units owned directly or indirectly by us); or

 

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    the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of our Operating Partnership pursuant to the provisions of DRULPA.

Upon dissolution of our Operating Partnership, the general partner, or, in the event that there is no remaining general partner, a liquidator will proceed to liquidate the assets of our Operating Partnership and apply the proceeds from such liquidation in the order of priority set forth in the limited partnership agreement.

 

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ITEM 12. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Maryland law permits us to include a provision in our charter eliminating the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) a final judgment based upon a finding that his or her action or failure to act was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer and was material to the cause of action adjudicated. Our charter contains a provision that eliminates our directors’ and officers’ liability to us and our stockholders for money damages to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

The MGCL requires us (unless our charter were to provide otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made or threatened to be made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits us to indemnify our present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, by reason of their service in those or certain other capacities unless it is established that:

 

    the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;

 

    the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or

 

    in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.

However, the MGCL prohibits us from indemnifying a director or officer who has been adjudged liable in a suit by us or on our behalf or in which the director or officer was adjudged liable on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received. A court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the standard of conduct for indemnification set forth above or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. However, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by us or on our behalf, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses.

In addition, the MGCL permits us to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon our receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and (b) a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.

Our charter provides that we will have the power to obligate ourselves, and our bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to:

 

    any present or former director or officer who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, a proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or

 

    any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at our request, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, employee, agent, fiduciary, trustee, member or manager of another corporation, REIT, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity.

 

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Our charter and bylaws provide that we have the power, with approval of our board, to provide such indemnification and advance of expenses to a person who served a predecessor of us in any such capacity described above and to any employee or agent of us or a predecessor of us.

Indemnification Agreements

We have entered into an indemnification agreement with each of our directors and executive officers. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors or executive officers, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy and is therefore unenforceable.

We have purchased and maintain insurance on behalf of all of our directors and executive officers against liability asserted against or incurred by them in their official capacities, whether or not we are required to have the power to indemnify them against the same liability.

 

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ITEM 13. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

See Item 15, “Financial Statements and Exhibits.”

The historical audited and unaudited financial statements of CEC (which are not included or incorporated by reference in this registration statement), as the parent and guarantor of CEOC, our significant lessee, have been filed with the SEC. CEC files annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document CEC files at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. CEC’s SEC filings are also available to the public from the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. We make no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information regarding CEC that is available through the SEC’s website or otherwise made available by CEC or any third party, and none of such information is incorporated by reference in this registration statement.

 

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ITEM 14. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

 

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ITEM 15. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS

(a) The following financial statements are being filed as part of this registration statement.

 

     Page  

Caesars Entertainment Outdoor (Debtor-in-Possession)

  

Unaudited Combined Condensed Financial Statements as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and for the Three and Six Month Periods Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016

  

Combined Condensed Balance Sheets

     F-1  

Combined Condensed Statements of Operations

     F-2  

Combined Condensed Statements of Equity

     F-3  

Combined Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

     F-4  

Notes to Combined Condensed Financial Statements

     F-5  

Audited Combined Financial Statements as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and for Each of the Three Years in the Period Ended December 31, 2016

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-15  

Combined Balance Sheets

     F-17  

Combined Statements of Operations

     F-18  

Combined Statements of Equity

     F-19  

Combined Statements of Cash Flows

     F-20  

Notes to Combined Financial Statements

     F-21  

VICI Properties Inc.

  

Unaudited Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016

  

Balance Sheets

     F-34  

Notes to Balance Sheets

     F-35  

Audited Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-39  

Balance Sheet

     F-40  

Notes to Balance Sheet

     F-41  

Combined Statement of Investments of Real Estate Assets to be Contributed to VICI Properties Inc.

  

Unaudited Combined Statement of Investments of Real Estate Assets to be Contributed to VICI Properties Inc. as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016

  

Combined Statement of Investments of Real Estate Assets to be Contributed to VICI Properties Inc.

     F-45  

Notes to Combined Statement of Investments of Real Estate Assets to be Contributed to VICI Properties Inc.

     F-46  

Audited Combined Statement of Investments of Real Estate Assets to be Contributed to VICI Properties Inc. as of December 31, 2016

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-49  

Combined Statement of Investments of Real Estate Assets to be Contributed to VICI Properties Inc.

     F-50  

Notes to Combined Statement of Investments of Real Estate Assets to be Contributed to VICI Properties Inc.

     F-51  

Properties to be Contributed to VICI Properties Inc.

Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

  

Audited Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2016

  

Schedule of Real Estate Assets and Accumulated Depreciation

     F-54  

 

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(b) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K.