Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation	Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The financial statements assume the Company will continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Prior to January 1, 2023, the Company was an "emerging growth company", as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "Securities Act" ), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the "JOBs Act" ), and took advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements. December 31, 2022, the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the Company’s initial public offering, was the Company's last day as an emerging growth company, and thereafter the Company is no longer exempt from the reporting requirements discussed above.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates and assumptions are required in the determination of: deferred tax asset valuation allowances, unrecognized tax benefits, and annual impairment testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company evaluates its estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis based on historical experience, expectations of future events and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and revises them when necessary. Actual results may differ from the original or revised estimates. Change in Accounting Estimate During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, the Company analyzed its virtual currency deferred revenue balance to determine the likelihood of redemption based on the actual redemption rate. Virtual currency is paid for upfront and is recorded as deferred revenue until the currency is redeemed, at which point the Company recognizes the revenue. The Company's analysis showed a likelihood of redemption of its virtual currency after 12 months of purchase is remote. Based on this analysis, starting in September 2022, the Company recognized revenue on a quarterly basis for all virtual currency that is held for longer than 12 months. This change is considered a change in accounting estimate in accordance with ASC 250 “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections”. The effect of the change in estimate increased the Company's revenue by $2.5 million, decreased the net loss by $2.3 million, and decreased both the basic and diluted loss per share by $0.87 for 2022.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue primarily from users in the form of recurring subscriptions. The Company recognizes revenue through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company enters into contracts with customers that include promises to provide subscription services with enhanced access to our dating platforms. Revenue is recognized when the promised services are provided to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Subscription revenue is presented net of refunds and credit card chargebacks. Sales and value-added-taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue and are reflected as Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the balance sheet. Subscribers pay in advance, primarily by credit card or through mobile app stores. The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of satisfying its performance obligations. Enhanced access to dating platforms represents a series of distinct services as the Company continually provides enhanced access over the subscription term and represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. Revenue is recognized using the straight-line method over the terms of the applicable subscription period, which primarily range from one to twelve months. The Company applies the practical expedient for contracts with duration of one year or less and therefore does not consider the effects of the time value of money. The Company evaluates whether it is appropriate to recognize revenue on a gross or net basis based upon its evaluation of whether the Company obtains control of the specified services. Whether the Company obtains control involve considering if it is primarily responsible for fulfillment of the promise and if it has latitude in establishing pricing and selecting suppliers, among other factors. Based on its evaluation of these factors, for revenue earned through certain mobile applications, including iOS and Android, the Company recognizes subscription revenue gross of the application processing fees primarily because the Company is the principal and has the contractual right to determine the price paid by the subscriber. The Company records the related application processing fees as cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, in the period incurred. As subscriptions terms do not exceed one year, the Company applies the practical expedient for the recognition of incremental costs of obtaining a contract, and expenses them as incurred. Revenue is also earned from virtual currency and advertising. Virtual currency may be redeemed by members and subscribers for certain premium features, delivery confirmation of messages, and virtual gifts. Virtual currency is paid upfront and is initially recorded as deferred revenue, and the Company records virtual currency revenue as it is redeemed. Effective September 30, 2022, the unredeemed virtual currency is now recognized into revenue when it is held for longer than 12 months. See Change in Accounting Estimate in this section for a detail discussion. Advertising revenues are derived primarily from sponsored links and display advertisements and is recognized when the ad is displayed, based on the number of clicks.Cost of Revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortizationCost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, consists primarily of direct marketing advertising expenses, compensation and other employee-related costs for personnel dedicated to maintaining the Company's data centers, data center expenses, credit card fees and mobile application processing fees. The Company incurs direct marketing advertising expenses in order to generate traffic to its websites and mobile applications. Direct marketing advertising expenses are directly attributable to the revenue the Company receives from its subscribers and consist of both online and offline marketing, particularly television and out-of-home advertising.
Foreign Exchange	Foreign Exchange Financial statements of subsidiaries outside the United States are generally measured using the local currency as the functional currency. All assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the U.S. dollar using the exchange rate in effect at the reporting date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average exchange rates during the period. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reflected in shareholders' (deficit) equity as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Transaction gains and losses including intercompany balances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in foreign exchange gain (loss) within other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is generally expensed over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized is based on the number of awards that meet the related service conditions at the vesting date. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis from the beginning of the service period. For awards with graded-vesting features, each vesting tranche is separately expensed over the related vesting period. The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option grant using the capped-call Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires management to make certain assumptions of future expectations based on historical and current data. The assumptions include the expected term of the stock option, expected volatility, dividend yield, and risk-free interest rate. The expected term represents the amount of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, using the simplified method, as the Company's historical share option exercise experience does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The simplified method deems the term to be the average of the time-to-vesting and contractual life of the stock-based awards. Expected volatility is estimated based on a combination of implied market volatilities, historical volatility of our stock price and other factors. The Company’s dividend yield is based on forecasted expected payments, which are expected to be zero, and the risk-free rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. In a net settlement of an award, the Company does not receive payment of the exercise price from the employees but reduces the number of ADRs issued. In addition, the Company net settles for the purposes of payment of a grantee's minimum income tax obligation. ADRs issued pursuant to the exercise of the awards are issued from the Company's treasury shares.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded with respect to temporary differences in the accounting treatment of items for financial reporting purposes and for income tax purposes. Where, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some amount of recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established for the amount that, in management’s judgment, is sufficient to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more-likely-than-not to be realized. The benefit of a tax position is recognized if it is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement.
Interest Expense	Interest Expense Interest expense primarily includes interest for the Company's long-term debt obligations and the amortization of deferred issuance costs and original issue discounts on debt.
Earnings per share	Earnings per shareBasic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period after adjusting for dilutive securities, such as awards under equity compensation plans. Dilutive potential common shares from equity awards are determined using the average share price for each period under the treasury stock method. In addition, proceeds from exercise of equity awards and the average amount of unrecognized compensation expense for equity awards are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include all bank balances and investments in money market funds representing overnight investments with a high degree of liquidity. We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Due to the short-term maturity of such investments, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of fair value. The restricted cash represents cash held as a security deposit for one of our office leases.
Accounts Receivable, net	Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable is primarily comprised of credit card payments for subscription fees, pending collection from the credit card processors. The Company recognizes current estimated credit losses for accounts receivable, net. The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company's current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred for an estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses, including the historical losses. Historically, the Company has not experienced significant credit losses. The Company also monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and default rates across bank cards in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. Accounts receivable are written off after all collection efforts have ceased. In the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized credit loss expense of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, which is included as a component of other operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that can potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consists of cash and receivables from credit card processors. The Company reduces credit risk by placing its cash with major financial institutions with high credit ratings. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insures up to $250,000 per depositor at each financial institution. Users primarily purchase our services through the Company's mobile app and desktop stores. Payments made through these stores are processed by third-party payment providers. At December 31, 2022, three payment providers accounted for approximately 28%, 41%, and 13%, respectively, of our accounts receivables, net. The comparable amounts at December 31, 2021 were 46% and 35%, and 3% respectively. Receivables from payment processors settle relatively quickly, and the Company has not experienced historical losses. Management monitors the creditworthiness of payment processors closely. The Company also maintains allowances to reserve for potential refunds or chargebacks issued to users. These amounts are based on historical evidence.
Segment Reporting	Segment Reporting Segments are reflective of how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews operating results for the purpose of allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company considers a combination of factors when evaluating the composition of its operating segments, including the results regularly reviewed by the CODM, economic characteristics, services offered, classes of customers, distribution channels, geographic and regulatory environment considerations. The Company has two operating segments, Zoosk and Spark, which share similar economic and other qualitative characteristics, and are aggregated together as one reportable segment.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Long-Lived Assets	Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets The Company's goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets resulted from business combinations in previous years. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment testing. The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets may be impaired. Triggering events that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in customer demand or business climate or a significant decrease in expected cash flows. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate fair value of the consideration transferred in a business combination over the fair value of the asset acquired, net of liabilities assumed. The impairment tests for goodwill are conducted at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, for which discrete financial information is regularly reviewed by the segment manager. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had two reporting units. The fair value of the reporting units is determined using an income approach based on discounted cash flow ("DCF") model and a market approach based on appropriate valuation multiples observed for the reporting unit's guideline public companies. The fair value is estimated based upon a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and relies heavily on estimates and assumptions at a point in time. The DCF model incorporates a number of reporting unit specific market participant assumptions including future revenue growth rates and operating margins. The discount rates represent the weighted average cost of capital measuring the reporting unit's cost of debt and equity financing, which are weighted by the percentage of debt and percentage of equity in a company's target capital structure. The discount rates applied also include adjustments to reflect management's assessment of a market participant's view concerning other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting units. We validate our estimates of fair value determined using the income approach by considering the implied control premium to determine if the estimated enterprise value is appropriate compared to external market indicators. In testing for goodwill impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the Company determines that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative assessment for impairment is required. The Company may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment for some or all reporting units. Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Indefinite-lived intangible asset consists of acquired trade names, which are expected to contribute to cash flows indefinitely. Similar to the goodwill impairment test, the Company may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. If the Company chooses to bypass the qualitative assessment, or if the qualitative assessment indicates that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is more-likely-than-not impaired, a quantitative impairment test must be performed. If the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference. The Company estimates the fair value using an income approach, specifically the relief-from-royalty method, based on the present value of future cash flows. Significant assumptions under the relief-from-royalty method include the royalty rate, projected sales and the discount rate applied to the estimated cash flows. Long-lived Assets Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization begin at the time the asset is placed into service and are recognized using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives as follows: •Office and other equipment: 3 - 5 years •Leasehold improvements: the shorter of the lease term or 5 years Disposals are removed at cost less accumulated depreciation, and any gain or loss from disposition is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Internal-Use Software Development Costs The Company capitalizes certain internal-use software development costs including external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the software and compensation for personnel directly associated with the development of the software. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. Capitalized internal-use software costs less accumulated amortization are included in property and equipment, net within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Depreciation and amortization are recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the internal use software, which range from 3 to 6 years. Additions and improvements that increase the value or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. For property and equipment and internal-use software development costs, depreciation and amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if appropriate. Definite-lived Intangible Assets The Company's definite-lived intangible assets is primarily attributed to business combinations in previous years. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated lives. The estimated lives of intangible assets for current and comparative periods are as follows: •Brands and trademarks: 10 years •Other intangible assets: 2 - 5 years Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, which consist of right-of-use assets, property and equipment, and long-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the carrying value is deemed not to be recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets is computed on a straight-line basis.
Leases	Leases The Company leases office space in multiple locations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. Operating right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represents the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, both of which are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date, increased for any prepaid lease costs and reduced by any lease incentives. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded within the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The lease payments are discounted at the Company's incremental borrowing rate as the implicit rate in the lease is not readily determinable for most of the Company's leases, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components on all new or modified leases agreements, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. For contractual obligations related to the sublease of office space where the Company remains the primary obligor upon assignment of the lease and does not obtain a release from the lessor, the Company continues to recognize rent expense and operating lease assets and liabilities for the head lease on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. The related lease obligation to the lessor is presented separately from the sublease created by the lease assignment to the sublessee. The Company accounts for the head lease based on the original assessment at inception and determines if the sublease arrangement is either a sales-type, direct financing, or operating lease at inception. If the total remaining lease cost on the head lease for the term of the sublease is greater than the anticipated sublease income, the right-of-use asset is assessed for impairment. The Company's sublease is an operating lease and the Company recognizes sublease income on a straight-line basis over the sublease term.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurement or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement: •Level 1— Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. •Level 2— Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace for similar assets or liabilities. •Level 3— Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The Company's material financial instruments consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, long-term debt, and accounts payable. The fair value of long-term debt was determined using observable inputs (Level 2). The carrying values of the Company's accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated fair values at December 31, 2022 and 2021, due to the short period of time to maturity or repayment. The Company's non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, right-of-use assets, and property and equipment are adjusted to fair value when an impairment is recognized.
Contingencies	Contingencies The Company accrues for contingencies when the obligation is probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. As facts concerning contingencies become known, the Company reassesses its position and makes appropriate adjustments to the consolidated financial statements. Significant judgment is required to determine both the probability and the estimated amount of loss. These estimates have been based on our assessment of the facts and circumstances at each balance sheet date and are subject to change based on new information and future events.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting and subsequent amendment to the initial guidance: ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (collectively, “Topic 848”). Topic 848 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06 "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848" ("ASU 2022-06"), which defers the expiration of ASC 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024. The Company currently has a Term Loan that accrues interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin. The Term Loan agreement provides the Company an option to convert from LIBOR rate to an alternate reference rate. We will monitor the LIBOR deadline and work with lender on the conversion to an alternative reference rate. It is not expected that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, to improve the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to the recognition of an acquired contract liability and the payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. ASU 2021-08 will become effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023, including interim periods within the fiscal year. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. It is not expected that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The financial statements assume the Company will continue as a going concern.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Prior to January 1, 2023, the Company was an "emerging growth company", as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "Securities Act" ), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the "JOBs Act" ), and took advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements. December 31, 2022, the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the Company’s initial public offering, was the Company's last day as an emerging growth company, and thereafter the Company is no longer exempt from the reporting requirements discussed above.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates and assumptions are required in the determination of: deferred tax asset valuation allowances, unrecognized tax benefits, and annual impairment testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company evaluates its estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis based on historical experience, expectations of future events and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and revises them when necessary. Actual results may differ from the original or revised estimates.

Change in Accounting Estimate

During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, the Company analyzed its virtual currency deferred revenue balance to determine the likelihood of redemption based on the actual redemption rate. Virtual currency is paid for upfront and is recorded as deferred revenue until the currency is redeemed, at which point the Company recognizes the revenue. The Company's analysis showed a likelihood of redemption of its virtual currency after 12 months of purchase is remote. Based on this analysis, starting in September 2022, the Company recognized revenue on a quarterly basis for all virtual currency that is held for longer than 12 months. This change is considered a change in accounting estimate in accordance with ASC 250 “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections”. The effect of the change in estimate increased the Company's revenue by $2.5 million, decreased the net loss by $2.3 million, and decreased both the basic and diluted loss per share by $0.87 for 2022.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue primarily from users in the form of recurring subscriptions. The Company recognizes revenue through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company enters into contracts with customers that include promises to provide subscription services with enhanced access to our dating platforms. Revenue is recognized when the promised services are provided to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Subscription revenue is presented net of refunds and credit card chargebacks. Sales and value-added-taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue and are reflected as Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the balance sheet.

Subscribers pay in advance, primarily by credit card or through mobile app stores. The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of satisfying its performance obligations. Enhanced access to dating platforms represents a series of distinct services as the Company continually provides enhanced access over the subscription term and represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. Revenue is recognized using the straight-line method over the terms of the applicable subscription period, which primarily range from one to twelve months. The Company applies the practical expedient for contracts with duration of one year or less and therefore does not consider the effects of the time value of money.

The Company evaluates whether it is appropriate to recognize revenue on a gross or net basis based upon its evaluation of whether the Company obtains control of the specified services. Whether the Company obtains control involve considering if it is primarily responsible for fulfillment of the promise and if it has latitude in establishing pricing and selecting suppliers, among other factors. Based on its evaluation of these factors, for revenue earned through certain mobile applications, including iOS and Android, the Company recognizes subscription revenue gross of the application processing fees primarily because the Company is the principal and has the contractual right to determine the price paid by the subscriber. The Company records the related application processing fees as cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, in the period incurred.

As subscriptions terms do not exceed one year, the Company applies the practical expedient for the recognition of incremental costs of obtaining a contract, and expenses them as incurred.

Revenue is also earned from virtual currency and advertising. Virtual currency may be redeemed by members and subscribers for certain premium features, delivery confirmation of messages, and virtual gifts. Virtual currency is paid upfront and is initially recorded as deferred revenue, and the Company records virtual currency revenue as it is redeemed. Effective September 30, 2022, the unredeemed virtual currency is now recognized into revenue when it is held for longer than 12 months. See Change in Accounting Estimate in this section for a detail discussion. Advertising revenues are derived primarily from sponsored links and display advertisements and is recognized when the ad is displayed, based on the number of clicks.Cost of Revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortizationCost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, consists primarily of direct marketing advertising expenses, compensation and other employee-related costs for personnel dedicated to maintaining the Company's data centers, data center expenses, credit card fees and mobile application processing fees. The Company incurs direct marketing advertising expenses in order to generate traffic to its websites and mobile applications. Direct marketing advertising expenses are directly attributable to the revenue the Company receives from its subscribers and consist of both online and offline marketing, particularly television and out-of-home advertising.

Foreign Exchange

Foreign Exchange Financial statements of subsidiaries outside the United States are generally measured using the local currency as the functional currency. All assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the U.S. dollar using the exchange rate in effect at the reporting date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average exchange rates during the period. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reflected in shareholders' (deficit) equity as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Transaction gains and losses including intercompany balances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in foreign exchange gain (loss) within other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is generally expensed over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized is based on the number of awards that meet the related service conditions at the vesting date.

The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis from the beginning of the service period. For awards with graded-vesting features, each vesting tranche is separately expensed over the related vesting period.

The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option grant using the capped-call Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires management to make certain assumptions of future expectations based on historical and current data. The assumptions include the expected term of the stock option, expected volatility, dividend yield, and risk-free interest rate. The expected term represents the amount of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, using the simplified method, as the Company's historical share option exercise experience does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The simplified method deems the term to be the average of the time-to-vesting and contractual life of the stock-based awards. Expected volatility is estimated based on a combination of implied market volatilities, historical volatility of our stock price and other factors. The Company’s dividend yield is based on forecasted expected payments, which are expected to be zero, and the risk-free rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

In a net settlement of an award, the Company does not receive payment of the exercise price from the employees but reduces the number of ADRs issued. In addition, the Company net settles for the purposes of payment of a grantee's minimum income tax obligation. ADRs issued pursuant to the exercise of the awards are issued from the Company's treasury shares.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded with respect to temporary differences in the accounting treatment of items for financial reporting purposes and for income tax purposes. Where, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some amount of recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established for the amount that, in management’s judgment, is sufficient to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more-likely-than-not to be realized.

The benefit of a tax position is recognized if it is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement.

Interest Expense

Interest expense primarily includes interest for the Company's long-term debt obligations and the amortization of deferred issuance costs and original issue discounts on debt.

Earnings per share

Earnings per shareBasic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period after adjusting for dilutive securities, such as awards under equity compensation plans. Dilutive potential common shares from equity awards are determined using the average share price for each period under the treasury stock method. In addition, proceeds from exercise of equity awards and the average amount of unrecognized compensation expense for equity awards are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include all bank balances and investments in money market funds representing overnight investments with a high degree of liquidity. We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Due to the short-term maturity of such investments, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of fair value. The restricted cash represents cash held as a security deposit for one of our office leases.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable is primarily comprised of credit card payments for subscription fees, pending collection from the credit card processors. The Company recognizes current estimated credit losses for accounts receivable, net. The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company's current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred for an estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses, including the historical losses. Historically, the Company has not experienced significant credit losses. The Company also monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and default rates across bank cards in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. Accounts receivable are written off after all collection efforts have ceased. In the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized credit loss expense of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, which is included as a component of other operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that can potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consists of cash and receivables from credit card processors. The Company reduces credit risk by placing its cash with major financial institutions with high credit ratings. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insures up to $250,000 per depositor at each financial institution.

Users primarily purchase our services through the Company's mobile app and desktop stores. Payments made through these stores are processed by third-party payment providers. At December 31, 2022, three payment providers accounted for approximately 28%, 41%, and 13%, respectively, of our accounts receivables, net. The comparable amounts at December 31, 2021 were 46% and 35%, and 3% respectively. Receivables from payment processors settle relatively quickly, and the Company has not experienced historical losses. Management monitors the creditworthiness of payment processors closely. The Company also maintains allowances to reserve for potential refunds or chargebacks issued to users. These amounts are based on historical evidence.

Segment Reporting

Segments are reflective of how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews operating results for the purpose of allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company considers a combination of factors when evaluating the composition of its operating segments, including the results regularly reviewed by the CODM, economic characteristics, services offered, classes of customers, distribution channels, geographic and regulatory environment considerations. The Company has two operating segments, Zoosk and Spark, which share similar economic and other qualitative characteristics, and are aggregated together as one reportable segment.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

The Company's goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets resulted from business combinations in previous years. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment testing. The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets may be impaired. Triggering events that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in customer demand or business climate or a significant decrease in expected cash flows.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate fair value of the consideration transferred in a business combination over the fair value of the asset acquired, net of liabilities assumed. The impairment tests for goodwill are conducted at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, for which discrete financial information is regularly reviewed by the segment manager. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had two reporting units.

The fair value of the reporting units is determined using an income approach based on discounted cash flow ("DCF") model and a market approach based on appropriate valuation multiples observed for the reporting unit's guideline public companies. The fair value is estimated based upon a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and relies heavily on estimates and assumptions at a point in time. The DCF model incorporates a number of reporting unit specific market participant assumptions including future revenue growth rates and operating margins. The discount rates represent the weighted average cost of capital measuring the reporting unit's cost of debt and equity financing, which are weighted by the percentage of debt and percentage of equity in a company's target capital structure. The discount rates applied also include adjustments to reflect management's assessment of a market participant's view concerning other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting units. We validate our estimates of fair value determined using the income approach by considering the implied control premium to determine if the estimated enterprise value is appropriate compared to external market indicators. In testing for goodwill impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the Company determines that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative assessment for impairment is required. The Company may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment for some or all reporting units.

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Indefinite-lived intangible asset consists of acquired trade names, which are expected to contribute to cash flows indefinitely. Similar to the goodwill impairment test, the Company may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. If the Company chooses to bypass the qualitative assessment, or if the qualitative assessment indicates that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is more-likely-than-not impaired, a quantitative impairment test must be performed. If the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference. The Company estimates the fair value using an income approach, specifically the relief-from-royalty method, based on the present value of future cash flows. Significant assumptions under the relief-from-royalty method include the royalty rate, projected sales and the discount rate applied to the estimated cash flows.

Long-lived Assets

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization begin at the time the asset is placed into service and are recognized using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives as follows:

•Office and other equipment: 3 - 5 years

•Leasehold improvements: the shorter of the lease term or 5 years

Disposals are removed at cost less accumulated depreciation, and any gain or loss from disposition is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Internal-Use Software Development Costs

The Company capitalizes certain internal-use software development costs including external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the software and compensation for personnel directly associated with the development of the software. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. Capitalized internal-use software costs less accumulated amortization are included in property and equipment, net within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Depreciation and amortization are recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the internal use software, which range from 3 to 6 years. Additions and improvements that increase the value or extend the life of an asset are capitalized.

For property and equipment and internal-use software development costs, depreciation and amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if appropriate.

Definite-lived Intangible Assets

The Company's definite-lived intangible assets is primarily attributed to business combinations in previous years. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated lives. The estimated lives of intangible assets for current and comparative periods are as follows:

•Brands and trademarks: 10 years

•Other intangible assets: 2 - 5 years

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, which consist of right-of-use assets, property and equipment, and long-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the carrying value is deemed not to be recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets is computed on a straight-line basis.

Leases

The Company leases office space in multiple locations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. Operating right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represents the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, both of which are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date, increased for any prepaid lease costs and reduced by any lease incentives. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded within the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The lease payments are discounted at the Company's incremental borrowing rate as the implicit rate in the lease is not readily determinable for most of the Company's leases, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components on all new or modified leases agreements, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

For contractual obligations related to the sublease of office space where the Company remains the primary obligor upon assignment of the lease and does not obtain a release from the lessor, the Company continues to recognize rent expense and operating lease assets and liabilities for the head lease on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. The related lease obligation to the lessor is presented separately from the sublease created by the lease assignment to the sublessee. The Company accounts for the head lease based on the original assessment at inception and determines if the sublease arrangement is either a sales-type, direct financing, or operating lease at inception. If the total remaining lease cost on the head lease for the term of the sublease is greater than the anticipated sublease income, the right-of-use asset is assessed for impairment. The Company's sublease is an operating lease and the Company recognizes sublease income on a straight-line basis over the sublease term.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurement or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk.

The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

•Level 1— Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2— Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace for similar assets or liabilities.

•Level 3— Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The Company's material financial instruments consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, long-term debt, and accounts payable. The fair value of long-term debt was determined using observable inputs (Level 2). The carrying values of the Company's accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated fair values at December 31, 2022 and 2021, due to the short period of time to maturity or repayment. The Company's non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, right-of-use assets, and property and equipment are adjusted to fair value when an impairment is recognized.

Contingencies

The Company accrues for contingencies when the obligation is probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. As facts concerning contingencies become known, the Company reassesses its position and makes appropriate adjustments to the consolidated financial statements. Significant judgment is required to determine both the probability and the estimated amount of loss. These estimates have been based on our assessment of the facts and circumstances at each balance sheet date and are subject to change based on new information and future events.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting and subsequent amendment to the initial guidance: ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (collectively, “Topic 848”). Topic 848 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06 "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848" ("ASU 2022-06"), which defers the expiration of ASC 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024. The Company currently has a Term Loan that accrues interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin. The Term Loan agreement provides the Company an option to convert from LIBOR rate to an alternate reference rate. We will monitor the LIBOR deadline and work with lender on the conversion to an alternative reference rate. It is not expected that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, to improve the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to the recognition of an acquired contract liability and the payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. ASU 2021-08 will become effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023, including interim periods within the fiscal year. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. It is not expected that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.