Note 4 - Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Financial Instruments Disclosure [Text Block]

4. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis or disclosed at fair value, are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with inputs used to measure their fair values. The accounting guidance for fair value provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures about how fair value is determined. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance also establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based upon whether such inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions made by the reporting entity. The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is briefly summarized as follows:

Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 2—Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data.

The Company’s short-term investments consisting of US Treasury bill securities and Certificate of Deposits are classified as Level 1 because they are valued using quoted market prices.

The following table shows the Company’s short-term investments by significant investment category as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	As of December 31, 2023
	Adjusted		Unrealized		Unrealized		Market
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Level 1:
Money Market Funds	$	1,793	$	-	$	-	$	1,793
Certificate of Deposits		7,500		-		-		7,500
Total Financial Assets	$	9,293	$	-	$	-	$	9,293

	As of December 31, 2022
	Adjusted		Unrealized		Unrealized		Market
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Level 1:
Money Market Funds	$	3,004	$	-	$	-	$	3,004
U.S. Treasury securities in short-term investments		9,849		100		-		9,949
Certificate of Deposits		4,000		-		-		4,000
Total Financial Assets	$	16,853	$	100	$	-	$	16,953

Unrealized gains or losses resulting from our short-term investments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive gain or loss as they are classified as available for sale. During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, $0 and $100 was recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss and gain, respectively.

Warrant liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The subsequent measurement of the warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2023, is classified as Level 3 due to the use of an observable market quote in a non-active market and the management’s assumption of the expected stock price volatility.

The following table presents the fair value in the beginning of the period, the changes in the fair value, and the fair value at the end of the period of warrant liabilities:

Level 3:	December 31, 2023
Fair value at inception or the beginning of the period	$	(7,717	)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		(11,986	)
Fair value as of December 31, 2023	$	(19,703	)

The Company uses the modified Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of warrant liabilities. The following table summarizes the assumptions used to compute the fair value of Warrants:

	As of December 31, 2023
Expected stock price volatility		143	%
Risk-free interest rate		3.85	%
Dividends yield		0	%
Expected life of warrants (years)		4.50
Exercise price	$	1.45

Our other financial instruments also include accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and business acquisition liabilities. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, their fair values approximate their carrying values on the balance sheet.