The Company is exposed to certain market risks during the normal course of its business arising from adverse changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company selectively uses derivative financial instruments (“derivatives”), including cross-currency interest rate swap and foreign currency forward contracts, and interest rate swap and cap contracts, to manage the risks from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, respectively. The Company does not purchase or hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. Fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates can be volatile, and the Company’s risk management activities do not totally eliminate these risks. Consequently, these fluctuations could have a significant effect on the Company’s financial results.

The Company manages its debt centrally, considering tax consequences and its overall financing strategies. The Company manages its exposure to interest rate risk by using interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges of variable rate debt or fair value hedges of fixed rate debt in order to adjust the relative fixed and variable proportion. The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk results primarily from its fixed rate to floating rate interest rate swap contracts.

A substantial portion of the Company’s operations is conducted by its subsidiaries outside of the United States in currencies other than the USD. Almost all of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries conduct their business primarily in their local currencies, which are also their functional currencies. The USD, the EUR, GBP, Chinese Renminbi, and Indian rupee are the principal currencies in which the Company and its subsidiaries enter into transactions. The Company is exposed to the impacts of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the translation of its non-U.S. subsidiaries’ assets, liabilities and earnings into USD. The Company manages this exposure by having certain U.S. subsidiaries borrow in currencies other than the USD or utilizing cross-currency interest rate swaps as net investment hedges.

The Company and its subsidiaries are also subject to the risk that arises when they, from time to time, enter into transactions in currencies other than their functional currency. To mitigate this risk, the Company and its subsidiaries typically settle intercompany trading balances at least quarterly. The Company also selectively uses forward currency contracts to manage this risk. These contracts for the sale or purchase of European and other currencies generally mature within one year.

The following table summarizes the notional amounts, fair values and classification of the Company’s outstanding derivatives by risk category and instrument type within the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	December 31, 2024
	Derivative Classification	Notional Amount(1)		Fair Value(1) Other Current Assets		Fair Value(1) Other Assets		Fair Value(1) Accrued Liabilities		Fair Value(1) Other Liabilities
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Interest rate swap contracts	Fair value	$	750.0	$	—	$	1.4	$	0.9	$	0.9

Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts	Net investment	1,074.3		11.5		15.8		—		—
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign currency forwards	Fair value	$	124.3	$	1.8	$	—	$	—	$	—
Foreign currency forwards	Fair value	69.0		—		—		1.2		—


	December 31, 2023
	Derivative Classification	Notional Amount(1)		Fair Value(1) Other Current Assets		Fair Value(1) Other Assets		Fair Value(1) Accrued Liabilities		Fair Value(1) Other Liabilities
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Interest rate swap contracts	Cash flow	$	528.5	$	8.2	$	1.2	$	—	$	—

Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts	Net investment	1,054.2		15.7		—		—		63.1

(1)Notional amounts represent the gross contract amounts of the outstanding derivatives excluding the total notional amount of positions that have been effectively closed through offsetting positions. The net gains and net losses associated with positions that have been effectively closed through offsetting positions but not yet settled are included in the asset and liability derivatives fair value columns, respectively.

Payments to settle cross-currency swaps and payments of interest rate cap premiums are classified as financing cash flows in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. All other cash flows related to derivatives are classified as operating cash flows in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company was the variable rate payor on four interest rate swap contracts that effectively convert a total of $400.0 million of the Company’s fixed rate borrowings to variable rate borrowings. These contracts expire in May 2029. These swap agreements qualify as hedging instruments and have been designated as fair value hedges of $400.0 million of the 2029 Notes, and were considered to be perfectly effective under the shortcut method.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company was the variable rate payor on two interest rate swap contracts that effectively convert a total of $250.0 million of the Company’s fixed rate borrowings to variable rate borrowings. These contracts expire in April 2031. These swap agreements qualify as hedging instruments and have been designated as fair value hedges of $250.0 million of the 2031 Notes, and were considered to be perfectly effective under the shortcut method.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company was the variable rate payor on one interest rate swap contract that effectively convert a total of $100.0 million of the Company’s fixed rate borrowings to variable rate borrowings. This contract expires in March 2034. This swap agreement qualifies as a hedging instrument and has been designated as a fair value hedge of $100.0 million of the 2034 Notes, and were considered to be perfectly effective under the shortcut method.

In April 2024, the Company entered into forward-starting interest rate swap agreements to hedge against changes in future cash flows resulting from changes in interest rates from the trade date through the forecasted issuance date of debt. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into and terminated cash flow hedges with notional value of $750.0 million in connection with the 2034 Notes and $500.0 million in connection with the 2054 Notes, both of which were issued on May 10, 2024. The swaps were terminated on May 7, 2024, with a loss of $2.1 million on the swaps associated with the 2034 Notes and $2.3 million on the swaps associated with the 2054 Notes. These losses will be amortized as an increase to interest expense over the term of the respective notes.

The Company was previously the fixed rate payor on two interest rate swap contracts that effectively fix the SOFR-based index used to determine the interest rates charged on a total of $528.5 million of the Company’s SOFR-based variable rate borrowings. These contracts carry a fixed rate of 3.2%. The Company and its counterparties terminated these contracts in May 2024. Prior to their termination, these swap agreements qualified as hedging instruments and were designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted interest payments. The forecasted interest payments are still expected to occur as specified in the Company’s hedge designations; therefore, the unrecognized gain at the time of termination will be reclassified into earnings over the remaining period of the original term of the contracts, ending in June 2025. The unrecognized gain remaining in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) as of December 31, 2024 was $4.8 million, all of which is expected to be reclassified into earnings as a reduction to interest expense during the next 12 months.

The Company was previously a party to interest rate cap contracts that effectively limited the SOFR-based interest rates charged on a portion of the Company’s variable rate borrowings to 4.0%. The Company and its counterparties terminated these contracts in August 2023. Prior to their termination, these cap contracts qualified as hedging instruments and were designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted interest payments. These forecasted interest payments are still expected to occur as specified in the Company’s hedge designations; therefore, the unrecognized gain at the time of termination will be reclassified into earnings over the remaining period of original term of the contracts, ending in June 2025. The unrecognized gain remaining in AOCI as of December 31, 2024 was $1.3 million, all of which is expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company was the fixed rate payor on three cross-currency interest rate swap contracts that replace a fixed rate of 5.4% on a total of $428.9 million with a fixed rate of 3.7% on a total of €400.0 million. These contracts expire in May 2027 and have been designated as net investment hedges of our Euro denominated subsidiaries and require an exchange of the notional amounts at maturity.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company was the fixed rate payor on three cross-currency interest rate swap contracts that replace a fixed rate of 5.7% on a total of $322.7 million with a fixed rate of 4.1% on a total of €300.0 million. These contracts expire in May 2029 and have been designated as net investment hedges of our Euro denominated subsidiaries and require an exchange of the notional amounts at maturity.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company was the fixed rate payor on three cross-currency interest rate swap contracts that replace a fixed rate of 5.7% on a total of $322.7 million with a fixed rate of 4.1% on a total of €300.0 million. These contracts expire in May 2031 and have been designated as net investment hedges of our Euro denominated subsidiaries and require an exchange of the notional amounts at maturity.

The Company was previously the fixed rate payor on two cross-currency interest rate swap contracts that replaced a fixed rate of 3.2% on a total of $528.5 million with a fixed rate of 1.6% on a total of €500.0 million. These contracts were designated as net investment hedges of our Euro denominated subsidiaries until May 10, 2024 when they were terminated for $10.0 million. The payments to settle the termination of the cross currency interest rate swaps are included in “Payments to settle cross-currency swaps” within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The recorded AOCI at the termination of the cross-currency interest rate swaps will remain in AOCI until there is a substantial liquidation of the Company’s net investment in subsidiaries with EUR functional currencies.

The Company was previously a party to three cross-currency interest rate swap contracts where we receive SOFR on a total of $525.7 million and pay EURIBOR on a total of €500.0 million. These contracts were designated as net investment hedges of our Euro denominated subsidiaries until May 10, 2024 when they were terminated for $9.9 million. The payments to settle the termination of the cross currency interest rate swaps are included in “Payments to settle cross-currency swaps” within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The recorded AOCI at the termination of the cross-currency interest rate swaps will remain in AOCI until there is a substantial liquidation of the Company’s net investment in subsidiaries with EUR functional currencies.

Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as net investment hedges included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are presented in the table below.

The Company had nine foreign currency forward contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2024 with notional amounts ranging from $7.7 million to $68.2 million. These contracts are sometimes used to hedge the change in fair value of recognized foreign currency denominated assets or liabilities caused by changes in currency exchange rates. The changes in the fair value of these contracts generally offset the changes in the fair value of a corresponding amount of the hedged items, both of which are included within “Other operating expense, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts are subject to master netting arrangements or agreements between the Company and each counterparty for the net settlement of all contracts through a single payment in a single currency in the event of default on or termination of any one contract with that certain counterparty. It is the Company’s practice to recognize the gross amounts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount available to be netted is not material.

The Company’s gains (losses) on derivative instruments not designated as accounting hedges and total net foreign currency transaction gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows.

In February 2020, the Company designated its Euro Term Loan, which had a principal balance at that time of €601.2 million, as a hedge of the Company’s net investment in subsidiaries with a functional currency of euro. This loan was repaid in June 2022 and the hedge has been discontinued. The Company’s gains, net of income tax, associated with changes in the value of debt for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $36.4 million.

Credit risk related to derivatives arises when amounts receivable from a counterparty exceed those payable. Because the notional amount of the derivative instruments only serves as a basis for calculating amounts receivable or payable, the risk of loss with any counterparty is limited to a fraction of the notional amount. The Company minimizes the credit risk related to derivatives by transacting only with multiple, high-quality counterparties that are major financial institutions with investment-grade credit ratings. The Company has not experienced any financial loss as a result of counterparty nonperformance in the past. The majority of the derivative contracts to which the Company is a party, settle monthly or quarterly, or mature within one

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables are limited due to the wide variety of customers and industries to which the Company’s products and services are sold, as well as their dispersion across many different geographic areas. As a result, the Company does not believe it has any significant concentrations of credit risk as of December 31, 2024 or 2023.