Note 12. Income Taxes

The following table summarizes the Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes and effective income tax rate for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016

Income (loss) before income taxes	$	32.4		$	(22.1	)	$	(166.3	)	$	(60.3	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	4.4		$	(9.1	)	$	(41.2	)	$	(33.3	)
Effective income tax rate		13.6	%		41.3	%		24.8	%		55.2	%

For the three month period ended September 30, 2017 when compared to the same three month period of 2016, the increase in the provision for income taxes is primarily due to the increase in the pre-tax income. The decrease in the effective income tax rate is due to the decrease in the U.S. loss at a higher tax rate combined with an increase in foreign profits at a lower tax rate.

For the nine month period ended September 30, 2017 when compared to the same nine month period of 2016, the decrease in the provision for income taxes is due to the increase of the pre-tax loss. The significant increase in the loss in the U.S. was caused by one-time expenses associated with the Company’s initial public offering. This included offering-related expenses, early termination fees related to the pay down of debt, and stock-based compensation expense. The decrease in the effective income tax rate is primarily due to these expenses being benefited at a lower tax rate.