20-F

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

     ¨ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

     þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

OR

     ¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

OR

       ¨ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report                     

Commission file number 001-15122

CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA

(Exact name of Registrant in Japanese as specified in its charter)

CANON INC.

(Exact name of Registrant in English as specified in its charter)

JAPAN

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

30-2, Shimomaruko 3-chome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan (Address of principal executive offices)

Toshihide Aoki, +81-3-3758-2111, +81-3-5482-9680, 30-2, Shimomaruko 3-chome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan

(Name, Telephone, Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
(1)  Common Stock (the “shares”)	New York Stock Exchange*
(2)  American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), each of which represents one share	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

None

(Title of Class)

* Not for trading, but only for technical purposes in connection with the registration of ADSs.

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

As of December 31, 2012, 1,152,791,291 shares of common stock, including 23,359,224 ADSs, were outstanding.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  þ    No  ¨

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  ¨    No  þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  þ            Accelerated filer  ¨            Non-accelerated filer  ¨

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP  þ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board  ¨ Other  ¨

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.    Item 17  ¨    Item 18  ¨

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  þ

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page number
CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS, CONVENTIONS AND PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION			1
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION			1
	PART I
Item 1.	Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers		2
Item 2.	Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable		2
Item 3.	Key Information		2
A.	Selected financial data		2
B.	Capitalization and indebtedness		3
C.	Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds		3
D.	Risk factors		3
Item 4.	Information on the Company		12
A.	History and development of the Company		12
B.	Business overview		13
	Products		13
	Marketing and distribution		18
	Service		18
	Seasonality		19
	Sources of supply		19
	Net sales by segment and geographic area		19
	Competition		20
	Patents and licenses		21
	Environmental regulations		22
	Other regulations		26
C.	Organizational structure		28
D.	Property, plants and equipment		28
Item 4A.	Unresolved Staff Comments		32
Item 5.	Operating and Financial Review and Prospects		32
A.	Operating results		32
	Overview		32
	Critical accounting policies and estimates		34
	Consolidated results of operations		37
	Fiscal 2012 compared with fiscal 2011		37
	Fiscal 2011 compared with fiscal 2010		41
	Foreign operations and foreign currency transactions		45
B.	Liquidity and capital resources		45
C.	Research and development, patents and licenses		47
D.	Trend information		47
E.	Off-balance sheet arrangements		52
F.	Contractual obligations		52
Item 6.	Directors, Senior Management and Employees		54
A.	Directors and senior management		54
B.	Compensation		61
C.	Board practices		74

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		Page number
D.	Employees		74
E.	Share ownership		75
Item 7.	Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions		76
A.	Major shareholders		76
B.	Related party transactions		76
C.	Interests of experts and counsel		77
Item 8.	Financial Information		77
A.	Consolidated financial statements and other financial information		77
	Consolidated financial statements		77
	Legal proceedings		77
	Dividend policy		77
B.	Significant changes		78
Item 9.	The Offer and Listing		78
A.	Offer and listing details		78
	Trading in domestic markets		78
	Trading in foreign markets		79
B.	Plan of distribution		79
C.	Markets		79
D.	Selling shareholders		80
E.	Dilution		80
F.	Expenses of the issue		80
Item 10.	Additional Information		80
A.	Share capital		80
B.	Memorandum and articles of association		80
C.	Material contracts		87
D.	Exchange controls		87
E.	Taxation		89
F.	Dividends and paying agents		93
G.	Statement by experts		93
H.	Documents on display		93
I.	Subsidiary information		93
Item 11.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		93
	Market risk exposures		93
	Equity price risk		93
	Foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate risk		94
Item 12.	Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities		95
A.	Debt securities		95
B.	Warrants and rights		95
C.	Other securities		95
D.	American Depositary Shares		95
	PART II
Item 13.	Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies		96
Item 14.	Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds		96

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		Page number
Item 15.	Controls and Procedures		96
Item 16A.	Audit Committee Financial Expert		97
Item 16B.	Code of Ethics		97
Item 16C.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services		97
Item 16D.	Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees		98
Item 16E.	Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers		99
Item 16F.	Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant		100
Item 16G.	Corporate Governance		100
	PART III
Item 17.	Financial Statements		102
Item 18.	Financial Statements		102
	Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		103
	Consolidated Balance Sheets		105
	Consolidated Statements of Income		106
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income		107
	Consolidated Statements of Equity		108
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		110
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		111
	Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts		153
Item 19.	Exhibits		154
SIGNATURES			155
EXHIBIT INDEX			156

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CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS, CONVENTIONS AND PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION

All information contained in this Annual Report is as of December 31, 2012 unless otherwise specified.

References in this discussion to the “Company” are to Canon Inc. and, unless otherwise indicated, references to the financial condition or operating results of “Canon” refer to Canon Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

On March 15, 2013, the noon buying rate for yen in New York City as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was ¥95.26 = U.S.$1.

The Company’s fiscal year end is December 31. In this Annual Report “fiscal 2012” refers to the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, and other fiscal years of the Company are referred to in a corresponding manner.

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements and information relating to Canon that are based on beliefs of its management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to Canon Inc. When used in this Annual Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project” and “should” and similar expressions, as they relate to Canon or its management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements, which include, but are not limited to, statements contained in “Item 3. Key Information-Risk Factors”, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”, reflect the current views and assumptions of the Company with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Canon to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, among others, changes in general economic and business conditions, changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates, introduction of competing products by other companies, lack of acceptance of new products or services by Canon’s targeted customers, inability to meet efficiency and cost reduction objectives, changes in business strategy and various other factors, both referenced and not referenced in this Annual Report. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described herein as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, planned or projected. Canon Inc. does not intend or assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

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PART I

Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

Not applicable.

Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

Item  3. Key Information

A. Selected financial data

The following information should be read in conjunction with and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Canon Inc. and subsidiaries, including the notes thereto, included in this Annual Report.

Selected financial data *1:	2012		2011		2010		2009		2008
	(Millions of yen, except average number of shares and per share data)
Net sales	¥	3,479,788	¥	3,557,433	¥	3,706,901	¥	3,209,201	¥	4,094,161
Operating profit		323,856		378,071		387,552		217,055		496,074
Net income attributable to Canon Inc.		224,564		248,630		246,603		131,647		309,148
Advertising expenses		83,134		81,232		94,794		78,009		112,810
Research and development expenses		296,464		307,800		315,817		304,600		374,025
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment		211,973		210,179		232,327		277,399		304,622
Increase in property, plant and equipment		270,457		226,869		158,976		216,128		361,988
Long-term debt, excluding current installments		2,117		3,368		4,131		4,912		8,423
Common stock		174,762		174,762		174,762		174,762		174,762
Canon Inc. stockholders’ equity		2,598,026		2,551,132		2,645,782		2,688,109		2,659,792
Total assets		3,955,503		3,930,727		3,983,820		3,847,557		3,969,934
Average number of common shares in thousands		1,173,648		1,215,832		1,234,817		1,234,482		1,255,626
Per share data:
Net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share:
Basic	¥	191.34	¥	204.49	¥	199.71	¥	106.64	¥	246.21
Diluted		191.34		204.48		199.70		106.64		246.20
Cash dividends declared		130.00		120.00		120.00		110.00		110.00
Cash dividends declared (U.S.$) *2	$	1.498	$	1.503	$	1.447	$	1.196	$	1.073

Notes:

1. The above financial data is prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

2. Annual cash dividends declared (U.S.$) are translated from yen based on a weighted average of the noon buying rates for yen in New York City as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in effect on the date of each semiannual dividend payment or on the latest practicable date.

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The following table provides the noon buying rates for Japanese yen in New York City as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York expressed in Japanese yen per U.S.$1 during the periods indicated and the high and low noon buying rates for Japanese yen per U.S.$1 during the months indicated. On March 15, 2013, the noon buying rate for yen in New York City as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was ¥95.26 = U.S.$1.

Yen exchange rates per U.S. dollar:	Average		Term end		High		Low
2008		102.85		90.79		110.48		87.84
2009		93.67		93.08		100.71		86.12
2010		87.16		81.67		94.68		80.48
2011		79.43		76.98		85.26		75.72
2012 - Year		80.10		86.64		86.64		76.11
- 1(st) half				79.81		83.78		76.11
- July				78.10		79.95		78.10
- August				78.30		79.50		78.17
- September				77.92		78.96		77.41
- October				79.94		80.04		78.00
- November				82.54		82.54		79.42
- December				86.64		86.64		81.86
2013 - January				91.28		91.28		86.92
- February				92.36		93.64		91.38

Note: The average exchange rates for the periods are the average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the period.

B. Capitalization and indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk factors

Canon is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of office multifunction devices (“MFDs”), plain paper copying machines, laser printers, inkjet printers, cameras and lithography equipment.

Primarily because of the nature of the business and geographic areas in which Canon operates and the highly competitive nature of the industries to which it belongs, Canon is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the following:

Risks Related to Canon’s Industries

Canon has invested and will continue to invest actively in next-generation technologies. If the market for these technologies does not develop as Canon expects, or if its competitors produce these or competing technologies in a more timely or effective manner, there could be a material adverse effect on Canon’s operating results.

Canon has made and will continue to make investments in next-generation technology research and development initiatives. Canon’s competitors may achieve research and development breakthroughs in these technologies more quickly than Canon, or may achieve advances in competing technologies that render products

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under development by Canon uncompetitive. For several years, Canon has continued its investments in development and manufacturing in order to keep pace with technological evolution. If Canon’s business strategies diverge from market demands, Canon may not recover some or all of its investments, or may lose business opportunities, or both, which may have a material adverse effect on Canon’s operating results.

In addition, Canon has sought to develop production technology and equipment to accelerate the automation of its manufacturing processes and in-house production of key devices. If Canon cannot effectively implement these techniques, it may fail to realize cost advantages or product differentiation, and consequently lose business opportunities, which may adversely affect Canon’s operating results. While differentiation in technology and product development is an important part of Canon’s strategy, Canon must also accurately assess the demand for and commercial acceptance of new technologies and products that it develops. If Canon pursues technologies or develops products that are not well received by the market, its operating results could be adversely affected.

Entering new business areas through the development of next-generation technologies is a focal point of Canon’s corporate strategy. To the extent that Canon enters into such new business areas, Canon may not be able to establish a successful business model or may face severe competition with new competitors. If such events occur, Canon’s operating results may be adversely affected.

If Canon does not effectively manage transitions in its products and services, its operating results may decline.

Many of the business areas in which Canon competes are characterized by rapid technological advances in hardware performance, software functionality and product features; frequent introduction of new products; short product life cycles; and continued qualitative improvements to current products at stable price levels. If Canon does not make effective transitions from existing products and services to new offerings, its revenue and profits may decline. Among the risks associated with the introduction of new products and services are delays in development or manufacturing, low marketability due to unsuitable product quality during the introductory period, variations in manufacturing costs, delays of customer purchasing decisions in anticipation of further introductions, uncertainty in predicting customer demand for new offerings and difficulty in effectively managing inventory levels in line with anticipated demand. Moreover, if Canon is unable to respond quickly to unexpected technological innovations with respect to information systems and networks, Canon’s revenue may be significantly affected as a result of delays associated with the incorporation of such new information technologies into existing products and services as well as new offerings.

Canon’s revenue and gross margin also may suffer adverse effects because of the timing of product or service introductions by its competitors. This risk is exacerbated when a product has a short life cycle or when a competitor introduces a new product immediately prior to Canon’s introduction of a similar product. Furthermore, sales of Canon’s new products and services may replace sales of, or result in discounting of, some of its current products and services, potentially offsetting the benefits derived from the introduction of a successful new product or service. Canon must also ensure that its new products are not wholly or partially duplicative of existing products and operations. Given the competitive nature of Canon’s businesses, if any of these risks materialize, future demand for its products and services could be reduced, and its operating results could decline.

Changes in the print environment may affect Canon’s business

In the business machines market for such products as MFDs, copying machines and printers, customers are increasingly looking for ways to cut costs while protecting the environment. From this perspective, Managed Print Services (MPS), which aim to optimize printing efficiencies in the office, have become popular in recent years. This trend could lead to a decrease in business machine print volumes.

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In addition, the popularity of tablet PCs could also lead to a decrease in customer print opportunities. If Canon is unable to supply products and services that respond to these types of market trends, it could result in adverse effects on its operating results.

Canon’s digital camera business operates in a highly competitive environment.

“Mirrorless” cameras are interchangeable lens cameras which, because they do not incorporate a mirror mechanism, are more compact and lightweight than digital single-lens-reflex (“SLR”) cameras. The growth of the mirrorless camera market has the potential to adversely affect the market for digital SLR cameras, in which Canon boasts top market share. If the mirrorless camera market continues to grow and Canon fails to gain a leading share of that market or the digital SLR camera market shrinks relative to that market, our revenues and our overall presence in the camera market may be adversely affected.

Meanwhile, the smartphone market has been growing dramatically on a global scale. Smartphones allow users not only to take photos, but also to retouch them and to upload them to SNSs (“Social networking services”). If Canon’s compact digital cameras become less appealing compared to smartphones, Canon could suffer from an erosion of the compact digital camera market, with a resulting adverse effect on operating results.

Because the semiconductor lithography equipment and flat-panel-display (“FPD”) industry is highly cyclical, Canon may be adversely affected by any downturn in the industry.

The semiconductor lithography equipment and FPD industry is characterized by fluctuating business cycles, the timing, length and volatility of which are difficult to predict. Recurring periods of oversupply of semiconductor devices and FPD panels have at times led to significantly reduced demand for capital equipment, including the semiconductor lithography equipment and FPD lithography equipment that Canon produces. Despite this cyclicality, Canon must maintain significant levels of research and development expenditures to remain competitive. A future cyclical downturn in the lithography equipment industry and related fluctuations in the demand for capital equipment could cause cash flow from sales to fall below the level necessary to offset Canon’s expenditures, including those arising from research and development, and could consequently have a material adverse effect on Canon’s operating results and financial condition.

Risks Related to Canon’s Business

Economic trends in Canon’s major markets may adversely affect its operating results.

As a result of the economic downturn in recent periods, declines in consumption and restrained investment in Canon’s major markets, including Japan, the United States, Europe and Asia, have affected both individual consumer and corporate sales, and if economic conditions do not improve, these trends may continue. Canon’s operating results for products such as office and industrial equipment are affected by the financial results of its corporate customers, and deterioration of their financial results has caused and may continue to cause customers to limit capital investments. Demand for Canon’s consumer products, such as cameras and inkjet printers, is discretionary. Fluctuating inventory levels, rapid price declines owing to intensifying competition and the recent decline in the level of consumer spending and corporate investment driven by the economic downturn could adversely affect Canon’s operating results and financial position.

Canon derives a significant percentage of its revenues from Hewlett-Packard.

Canon depends on Hewlett-Packard for a significant part of its business. During fiscal 2012, 17.0% of Canon’s net sales were to Hewlett-Packard. As a result, Canon’s business and operating results may be affected by the policies, business and operating results of Hewlett-Packard. Any decision by Hewlett-Packard management to limit or reduce the scope of its relationship with Canon would adversely affect Canon’s business and operating results.

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A substantial portion of Canon’s business activity is conducted outside Japan, exposing Canon to the risks of international operations.

A substantial portion of Canon’s business activity is conducted outside Japan, including in developing and emerging markets in Asia. There are a number of risks inherent in doing business in such markets, including the following:

• underdeveloped technological infrastructure, which can affect production or other activities or result in lower customer acceptance of Canon’s services;

• political turmoil, territorial disputes or unfavorable economic factors;

• difficulties in recruiting and retaining qualified personnel;

• potentially adverse tax consequences, including transfer pricing issues and increases in corporate tax rates;

• longer payment cycles; and

• unexpected legal or regulatory changes.

Any inability to manage the risks inherent in Canon’s international activities could adversely affect its business and operating results. In order to reduce costs and produce Canon’s products competitively, Canon maintains several production facilities and more than ten sales bases in Asia, including China, Thailand and Vietnam, and is vigorously conducting significant production and sales activities in Asia. Under such circumstances, unexpected events may occur, including political or legal change, labor shortages or strikes, increased personnel costs or changes in economic conditions. In particular, a large revaluation of local currencies, or a sudden significant change in the tax system or other regulatory regimes could adversely affect Canon’s overall performance. Given the importance of Canon’s research and development, production and sales activities in Asia, Canon’s business may be more acutely exposed to such risks than to the global economy in general.

The outbreak, prevalence or spread of an epidemic disease, such as a new strain of influenza, in any region around the globe could also have a negative effect on Canon’s business operations, including its research and development, production and sales activities, along with the disruption of markets for Canon’s products.

In addition, unexpected changes in import taxes imposed by foreign governments could adversely affect Canon’s business and operating results.

Canon may unintentionally infringe international trade laws and regulations, and any such infringement may lead to an adverse effect on its business. The extent of the effect on Canon’s business will depend upon the nature of the infringement and the severity of fines or other sanctions potentially imposed upon Canon. A major infringement could result in a temporary or permanent suspension of Canon’s trading rights in one or more jurisdictions. In addition to any sanctions prescribed by law, adverse publicity regarding an alleged infringement of trade laws and regulations by Canon may also have a negative effect on the Canon brand and image.

Any of the above factors regarding international operations could have an adverse effect on Canon’s operating results.

Canon depends on specific outside suppliers for certain key components.

Canon relies on specific outside suppliers that meet Canon’s strict criteria for quality, efficiency and environmental friendliness for critical components and special materials used in its products. In some cases, Canon may be forced to discontinue production of some or all of its products if the specific outside suppliers that supply key components and special materials across Canon’s product lines experience unforeseen difficulties, or if such parts and special materials suffer from quality problems or are in short supply. Further, the prices of components and special materials purchased from specific outside suppliers may surge, triggered by the imbalance of supply and demand along with other factors. If such risks occur as an outcome of the dependency on such specific outside vendors, Canon’s operating results may be adversely affected.

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Although competition is increasing in the market for supplies and services following initial product placement, Canon maintains a high market share in such sales. As a result, Canon may be subject to antitrust-related lawsuits, investigations or proceedings, which may adversely affect its operating results or reputation.

A portion of Canon’s net sales consists of sales of supplies and the provision of services after the initial equipment placement. As these supplies and services have become more commoditized, the number of competitors in these markets has increased. Canon’s success in maintaining these post-placement sales will depend on its ability to compete successfully with these competitors, some of which may offer lower-priced products or services. Despite the increase in competitors, Canon currently maintains a high market share in the market for supplies. Accordingly, Canon may be subject to lawsuits, investigations or proceedings under relevant antitrust laws and regulations. Any such lawsuits, investigations or proceedings may lead to substantial costs and have an adverse effect on Canon’s operating results or reputation.

Increases in counterfeit Canon products may adversely affect Canon’s brand image and its operating results.

In recent years, counterfeiting of Canon products has increased worldwide. Counterfeit products may diminish Canon’s brand image, particularly if purchasers of such products mistakenly attribute the counterfeit products’ poor quality to Canon. Canon has been taking measures to halt the spread of counterfeit products. However, there can be no assurance that such measures will be successful, and the continued manufacture and sale of such products could adversely affect Canon’s brand image as well as its operating results.

Canon is subject to financial and reputational risks owing to product quality and liability issues.

Although Canon works to minimize risks that may arise from product quality and liability issues, such as those triggered by the individual functionality and also from the combination of hardware and software that make up Canon’s products, there can be no assurance that Canon will be able to eliminate or limit these issues and the resulting damages. If such factors adversely affect Canon’s operating activities, generate additional expenses such as those related to product recalls, service and compensation, or otherwise hurt its brand image, Canon’s operating results or reputation for quality may be adversely affected.

Per unit production costs are highest when a new product is introduced, and if such new products are not successful or if Canon fails to achieve cost reductions over time, Canon’s gross profits may be adversely affected.

The unit costs of Canon’s products have historically been highest when products are newly introduced into production. The introduction of new products has at times had a negative impact on gross profit, operating results and cash flow. Cost reductions and enhancements are typically achieved over time through:

• engineering improvements;

• economies of scale;

• improvements in manufacturing processes;

• improved serviceability of products; and

• reduced inventories of parts and products.

Initial shipments of new products adversely affect Canon’s profit and cash flow, and if new products do not achieve sufficient sales volumes, Canon’s gross profit, operating results and cash flow may be adversely affected.

Cyclical patterns in sales of Canon’s products make planning and inventory management difficult and future financial results less predictable.

Canon generally experiences seasonal trends in the sales of its consumer-oriented products. Canon has little control over the various factors that produce these seasonal trends. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict short-term demand, placing pressure on Canon’s inventory management and logistics systems. If product supply

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from Canon exceeds actual demand, excess inventory will put downward pressure on selling prices and raise inefficiency in cash management, potentially reducing Canon’s revenue. Alternatively, if actual demand exceeds the supply of products, Canon’s ability to fulfill orders may be limited, which could adversely affect market share, net sales and increase the risk of unanticipated variations in its operating results.

Canon’s business is subject to changes in the sales environment.

A substantial portion of Canon’s market share is concentrated in a relatively small number of large distributors, particularly in Europe and the United States. Canon’s product sales to these distributors constitute a significant percentage of its overall sales. As a result, any disruptions in its relationships with these large distributors in specific sales territories could adversely affect Canon’s ability to meet its sales targets. Any increase in the concentration of sales to these large distributors could result in a reduction of Canon’s pricing power and adversely affect its profits. In addition, the rapid proliferation of Internet-based businesses may render conventional distribution channels obsolete. These and other changes in Canon’s sales environment could adversely affect Canon’s operating results.

Canon’s success depends in part on the value of its brand name, and if the value of the brand is diminished, Canon’s operating results and prospects will be adversely affected.

Canon’s success depends in part on the value of its brand name. Any negative publicity regarding the quality of Canon’s products could have an adverse impact on operations, especially negative publicity involving consumer products. There can be no assurance that such adverse publicity will not occur or that such claims will not be made in the future. Furthermore, Canon cannot predict the impact of such adverse publicity on its business and operating results. If Canon fails to maintain its overall compliance regime, especially legal or regulatory compliance, this also could result in damage to Canon’s credibility and brand value.

Canon’s cooperation and alliances with, strategic investments in, and acquisitions of, third parties may not produce successful results. The unexpected emergence of strong competitors through mergers and acquisitions may affect Canon’s business environment.

Canon is engaged in alliances, joint ventures, and strategic investments with other companies. Canon also makes strategic acquisitions of other companies. These activities can help to promote Canon’s technological development process and expand its customer base. However, weak business trends or disappointing performance by partners or targets may adversely affect the success of such activities. In addition, the success of such activities may be adversely affected by the inability of Canon and its partners or targets to successfully define and reach common objectives. Even if Canon and its partners or targets succeed in designing a structure that allows for the definition and achievement of common objectives, synergies may not be created between the businesses of Canon and its partners or targets. Integration of operations may take more time than expected. An unexpected cancellation of a major business alliance may disrupt Canon’s overall business plans and may also result in a delayed return on, or reduced recoverability of, the investment, adversely affecting Canon’s operating results and financial position.

In addition, the unexpected emergence of strong competitors through mergers and acquisitions or the formation of competitive business alliances may change the competitive environment of the business areas in which Canon participates, thereby affecting Canon’s future operating results.

Canon’s operating and financing activities expose it to foreign currency exchange and interest rate risks that may adversely affect its revenues and profitability.

Canon derives a significant portion of its revenue from its international operations. As a result, Canon’s operating results and financial position have been and may continue to be significantly affected by changes in the value of the yen versus foreign currencies. Sales of Canon’s products denominated in foreign currencies, as well

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as its margins have been and may continue to be adversely affected by the strength of the yen against foreign currencies. Conversely, a strengthening of foreign currencies against the yen will generally be favorable to Canon’s foreign currency sales. Canon’s consolidated financial statements are presented in yen. As such, the yen value of Canon’s assets and liabilities arising from foreign currency business transactions and the yen value of Canon’s foreign currency-denominated equity investments have fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate. Unpredictable fluctuations may have certain effects on Canon’s consolidated financial statements. Moreover, Canon’s consolidated financial statements have been and may continue to be affected by currency translations from the financial statements of Canon’s foreign subsidiaries and affiliates, which are denominated in various foreign currencies. Furthermore, if the values of certain foreign currencies, such as the U.S. dollar and the euro, weaken significantly against the yen, Canon’s operating results and financial position would be negatively affected. Although Canon strives to mitigate the effects of foreign currency fluctuations arising from its international business activities, Canon’s operating results and financial position could be adversely affected by a strong yen environment. Canon is also exposed to the risk of interest rate fluctuations, which may affect the value of Canon’s financial assets and liabilities.

Canon depends on efficient logistics services to distribute its products worldwide.

Canon depends on efficient logistics services to distribute its products worldwide. Problems with Canon’s computerized logistics systems, an outbreak of war or strife within Canon’s operating regions or regional labor disputes, such as a dockworkers’ strike, could lead to a disruption of Canon’s operations and result not only in increased logistical costs, but also in the loss of sales opportunities owing to delays in delivery. Moreover, because demand for Canon’s consumer products may fluctuate throughout the year, transportation means, such as cargo vessels or air freight, and warehouse space must be appropriately managed to take such fluctuations into account. Failure to do so could result in either a loss of sales opportunities or the incurrence of unnecessary costs.

In addition, the increasing levels of precision required of semiconductor lithography equipment and FPD lithography equipment and the resulting increase in the value and size of such equipment in recent years have resulted in a concurrent increase in the need for sensitive handling and transportation of these products. Because of their precise nature, even a minor shock during the handling and transportation process can potentially cause irreparable damage to such products. If unforeseen accidents during the handling and transportation process render a significant portion of Canon’s high-end precision products unmarketable, costs will increase, and Canon may lose sales opportunities and customer confidence.

Substantially higher crude oil prices and the supply-and-demand balance of transportation means could lead to increases in the cost of freight, which could adversely affect Canon’s operating results.

Furthermore, earthquakes or volcanic eruptions may cause a breakdown of transportation facilities, such as ports or airports, or otherwise interrupt critical logistics services, which may have an adverse effect on production or sales activities.

Other Risks

Canon’s facilities, information systems and information security systems are subject to damage as a result of disasters, outages or similar events.

Canon’s headquarters functions, information systems and research and development centers are located in or near Tokyo, Japan, where the possibility of damage from earthquakes is generally higher than in other parts of the world. In addition, Canon’s facilities or offices, including those for research and development, materials procurement, manufacturing, logistics, sales and services are located throughout the world and subject to the possibility of outage or similar disruption as a result of a variety of events, including natural disasters such as earthquake, flood, computer viruses, cyber attacks and terrorist attacks. Although Canon continues to establish appropriate backup structures for its facilities and information systems, there can be no assurance that Canon will

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be able to prevent or mitigate the effect of such events or developments such as the leakage of harmful substances, shutdowns of information systems, and leakage, falsification and loss of internal databases. Although Canon has implemented backup plans to permit the manufacture of its products at multiple production facilities, such plans do not cover all product models. In addition, such backup arrangements may not be adequate to maintain production quantity at sufficient levels. Such factors may adversely affect Canon’s operating activities, generate expenses relating to physical or personal damage, or hurt Canon’s brand image, and its operating results may consequently be adversely affected.

Canon’s business is subject to environmental laws and regulations.

Canon is subject to certain Japanese and foreign environmental laws and regulations in areas such as energy resource conservation, reduction of hazardous substances, product recycling, clean air, clean water and waste disposal.

In particular outlays required to address climate change could vary widely depending on circumstances of the Kyoto Protocol extension and corresponding measures.

In other cases, such as the “Directive Establishing a Framework for the Setting of EcoDesign Requirements for Energy-related Products across the European Union”, detailed implementation standards responsive to environmental requirements remain under review. Canon strives to comply with such standards to the extent possible in advance of official adoption. If, however, Canon’s current measures are deemed insufficient to satisfy such standards when adopted, Canon may be required to take further action and incur additional compliance costs.

Furthermore, Canon may incur rework or repair expenses if non-qualifying products are shipped in violation of the “European Union Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment” (“RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU”) or if other legal regulations are not fully followed by parts suppliers. Such extra costs may exceed compensation from parts suppliers or coverage from insurance contracts and could have an adverse effect on Canon’s overall business and operating results.

Environmental cleanup and remediation costs relating to Canon’s properties and associated litigation could decrease Canon’s net cash flow, adversely affect its operating results and impair its financial condition.

Canon is subject to potential liability for the investigation and cleanup of environmental contamination at each of the properties that it owns or operates and at certain properties Canon formerly owned or operated. If Canon is held responsible for such costs in any future litigation or proceedings, such costs may not be covered by insurance and may be material.

In addition, Canon may face liability for alleged personal injury or property damage because of exposure to chemicals or other hazardous substances from its facilities. Canon may also face liability for personal injury, property damage or natural resource damage, and decontamination costs for alleged pollution from its facilities. A significant increase in the number, success and cost of these claims could adversely affect Canon’s business and operating results.

Canon may be subject to intellectual property litigation and infringement claims, which could cause it to incur significant expenses or prevent it from selling its products.

Because of the emphasis on product innovation in the markets for Canon’s products, many of which are subject to frequent technological innovations, patents and other intellectual property are an important competitive factor. Canon relies primarily on internally developed technology, and seeks to protect such technology through a combination of patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights.

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Canon faces risks that:

• competitors will be able to develop similar technology independently;

• Canon’s pending patent applications may not be issued;

• the steps Canon takes to prevent misappropriation or infringement of its intellectual property may be unsuccessful; and

• intellectual property laws may not adequately protect Canon’s intellectual property, particularly in certain emerging markets.

To the extent that Canon is unaware of actual or potential infringements of, or adverse claims to, its rights in such technologies, any interference with Canon’s rights to use such technologies could adversely affect its operating results.

In addition, Canon may need to litigate in order to enforce its patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights, to protect its trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement, which can be expensive and time-consuming. If any government agency or third party is adjudicated to have a valid claim against Canon, Canon could be required to:

• refrain from selling the relevant product in certain markets;

• pay monetary damages;

• pursue development of non-infringing technologies, which may not be feasible; or

• attempt to acquire licenses to the infringed technology and to make royalty payments, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

Canon also licenses its patents to third parties in exchange for payment or cross-licensing. The terms and conditions of such licensing or changes in the renewal conditions of such licenses could affect Canon’s business.

Canon’s businesses, corporate image and operating results could be adversely affected by any of these developments.

Disputes involving payment of remuneration for employee inventions may adversely affect Canon’s brand image as well as its business.

Canon may face disputes involving payment of remuneration for employee inventions, the rights to which have been assigned to Canon. This risk is particularly relevant in countries such as Japan and Germany, where patent laws require companies to remunerate employees for the assignment of employee invention rights to the company. Canon maintains company rules and an evaluation system for employee inventions. Canon believes it has been making adequate payments to employees for the assignment of invention rights based on these rules. However, there can be no assurance that disputes will not arise with respect to the amount of these payments to employees. Such disputes may adversely affect Canon’s brand image as well as its business.

Canon must attract and retain highly qualified professionals.

Canon’s future operating results depend in significant part upon the continued contributions of its employees. In addition, Canon’s future operating results depend in part on its ability to attract, train and retain qualified personnel in development, production, sales and management. The competition for human resources in the high-tech industries in which Canon operates has intensified in recent years. Moreover, owing to the accelerating pace of technological change, the importance of training new personnel in a timely manner to meet product research and development requirements will increase. Failure by Canon to recruit and train qualified personnel or the loss of key employees could delay development or slow production and could increase the risks of outflow of technologies and know-how. These factors may adversely affect Canon’s business and operating results.

Maintaining a high level of expertise in Canon’s manufacturing technology is critical to Canon’s business. However, it is difficult to secure the requisite expertise for specialized skill areas, such as lens processing, in a

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short time period. While Canon engages in advance planning to obtain the expertise needed for each skill area, Canon cannot guarantee that such expertise will be acquired in a timely manner and retained, and failure to do so may adversely affect Canon’s business and operating results.

Canon may be adversely affected by fluctuations in the stock and bond markets.

Canon’s assets include investments in publicly traded securities. As a result, Canon’s operating results and general financial position may be affected by price fluctuations in the stock and bond markets. The current volatility in financial markets and overall economic uncertainty increase the risk that the actual amounts realized in the future on Canon’s investments could differ significantly from the fair values currently assigned to them. In addition, if valuations of investment assets decrease because of conditions in stock or bond markets, for example, additional funding and accruals with respect to Canon’s pension and other obligations may be required, and such funding and accruals may adversely affect Canon’s operating results and consolidated financial condition.

Confidential information may be inadvertently disclosed, which could lead to damage claims or harm Canon’s reputation, and may have an adverse effect on Canon’s business.

In connection with certain projects, Canon may receive confidential or sensitive information (such as personal information) from its customers relating to these customers or to other affected individuals or parties. In addition, Canon uses computer systems and electronic data in managing information relating to its employees. Although Canon makes its best efforts to maintain the confidentiality of such information through procedures designed to prevent accidental release of confidential or sensitive information, such information may be inadvertently disclosed without Canon’s knowledge. If this occurs, Canon may be subject to claims for damages from the affected individuals or parties, suffer harm to its reputation or be subject to liabilities or penalties under applicable statutes.

Inadvertent disclosure of confidential information regarding new technology could also have a material adverse effect on Canon’s business.

Canon is subject to risks relating legal proceedings.

Canon is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of its business. Results of actual and potential litigation are inherently uncertain. An unfavorable result in a legal proceeding could adversely affect Canon’s reputation, financial condition and operating results.

Item 4. Information on the Company

A. History and development of the Company

Canon Inc. is a joint stock corporation (kabushiki kaisha) formed under the Corporation Law of Japan. Its principal place of business is at 30-2, Shimomaruko 3-chome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan. The telephone number is +81-3-3758-2111.

The Company was incorporated under the laws of Japan on August 10, 1937 to produce and sell Japan’s first focal plane shutter 35mm still camera, which was developed by its predecessor company, Precision Optical Research Laboratories, which was organized in 1933.

In the late 1950s, Canon entered the business machines field utilizing technology obtained through the development of photographic and optical products. With the successful introduction of electronic calculators in 1964, Canon continued to expand its operations to include plain paper copying machines, faxes, laser printers, bubble jet printers, computers, video camcorders and digital cameras.

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The following are important recent events in the development of Canon’s business.

• On February 19, 2010, Canon acquired shares of OPTOPOL Technology S.A. (“OPTOPOL”) through a tender offer and made it into a subsidiary. By making OPTOPOL into a subsidiary, Canon aims to achieve the world’s No. 1 position within the overall ophthalmic diagnostic equipment segment.

• On March 9, 2010, Canon acquired shares of Océ N.V. (“Océ”) through a public cash tender offer in addition to interest Canon held before the public cash tender offer and made it into a subsidiary. By making Océ into a subsidiary, Canon aims to further strengthen its business foundation in order to solidify its position as one of the global industry leaders. The combination capitalizes on an excellent complementary fit in product mix, channel mix, R&D, and business lines resulting in an outstanding customer offer spanning the entire industry.

In fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010, Canon’s increases in property, plant and equipment were ¥270,457 million, ¥226,869 million and ¥158,976 million, respectively. In fiscal 2012, the increases in property, plant and equipment were mainly used to expand production capabilities in both domestic and overseas regions, and to bolster Canon’s production-technology-related infrastructure. In addition, Canon has been continually investing in tools and dies for business machines, in which the amount invested is generally the same each year.

For fiscal 2013, Canon projects an increase in property, plant and equipment of approximately ¥265,000 million. This amount is expected to be spent for investments in new production plants and new facilities of Canon. Canon anticipates that the funds needed for this increase will be generated internally through operations.

B. Business overview

Canon is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of office multifunction devices (“MFDs”), plain paper copying machines, laser printers, inkjet printers, cameras and lithography equipment.

Canon sells its products principally under the Canon brand name and through sales subsidiaries. Each of these subsidiaries is responsible for marketing and distribution to retail dealers in an assigned territory. In fiscal 2012, 79.3% of consolidated net sales were generated outside Japan, with approximately 27.0%, 29.1% and 23.2% generated in the Americas, Europe and Asia and Oceania, respectively.

Canon’s strategy is to develop innovative, high value-added products incorporating advanced technologies.

Canon’s research and development activities range from basic research to product-oriented research directed at maintaining and increasing Canon’s technological leadership in the marketplace.

Canon manufactures the majority of its products in Japan, but in an effort to reduce currency exchange risk and production costs, Canon has increased its overseas production and the use of local components. Canon has manufacturing subsidiaries in a variety of countries, including the United States, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.

As a concerned member of the world community, Canon emphasizes recycling and has increased its use of clean energy sources and cleaner manufacturing processes. Canon has also launched programs to collect and recycle used Canon cartridges and to refurbish used Canon copying machines. In addition, Canon has removed virtually all environmentally unfriendly chemicals from its manufacturing processes.

Products

Canon operates its business in three segments: the “Office Business Unit,” the “Imaging System Business Unit” and the “Industry and Others Business Unit”.

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- Office Business Unit -

Canon manufactures, markets and services a wide range of MFDs, office copying machines and personal-use copying machines. Canon also delivers value added to customers through software, services and solutions. In the office market, together with Océ, which Canon consolidated in 2010, Canon is now in a much improved position compared to fiscal 2011 to serve customers in terms of sales coverage, product portfolio and service capabilities and address customer needs in the imaging and document space.

In fiscal 2012, Canon was able to maintain its revenue from sales of MFDs, services and solutions despite the strong yen and the deceleration of the global economy. The consolidation of Océ has brought many strategic assets to Canon, including expertise, resources and innovation.

The office market is subject to rapid change, and customer preferences have been shifting from monochrome to color products and from hardware to services and solutions. In fiscal 2012, Canon enhanced its portfolio with the launch of digital MFDs, the imageRUNNER ADVANCE C 5200 series, a color device, and the monochrome imageRUNNER ADVANCE 6200 and 8200 series. These models are the next-generation imageRUNNER ADVANCE series, a platform of multifunction office systems designed to transform a workflow from a series of individual processes to a continuous, integrated flow of shared information.

Canon offers office MFDs for a wide range of environments from offices to professional graphic arts. The print industry is increasingly turning to short-run, print-on-demand and variable data printing in recent years. In fiscal 2012, Canon introduced the Océ VarioPrint 110/125/135, monochrome digital presses jointly developed with Océ. This system combines Canon’s respective best-of-class strengths, redefining excellence in monochrome printing.

Canon is also marketing software, services and solutions, delivering added-value to its customers. Canon’s application development platform, the Multifunctional Embedded Application Platform (“MEAP”), allows the creation of customized applications for Canon MFDs enabling tight integration into customer’s IT infrastructure. The integration not only boosts productivity but also allows users to take advantage of the power of MFD cloud services. In fiscal 2012, Canon launched some new services as part of the Canon Business Imaging Online (“CBIO”) initiative. CBIO is a global cloud-based platform for implementing additional control solutions such as managing, configuring and monitoring devices remotely for Canon Managed Document Services engagements. It helps customers improve efficiency, reduce total cost of ownership, and enjoy more convenience through services such as form creation and print services. Canon has also introduced imageWare Desktop Version 3 to enhance the imageRUNNER ADVANCE ecosystem.

Canon’s expanded alliance with Hewlett-Packard contributed to its being awarded several large enterprise deals. Canon believes Canon and Hewlett-Packard continue to offer unmatched office workflow solutions that are highly responsive to customer needs in this market.

Canon made Océ a consolidated subsidiary in 2010 to strengthen its printing business. In fiscal 2012, Canon introduced the Océ VarioPrint 110/125/135, monochrome digital presses jointly developed with Océ. The cross selling of Canon’s mutual product portfolios continues to expand as Canon brings to its respective customer bases a richer set of combined offerings. The integration has brought broader channel coverage, complementary assets and capabilities, and incremental sales growth.

To enter the Poster print market, Canon launched a new wide format printer, the Océ ColorWave 650. During a major European fair, Canon introduced Océ InfiniStream, the industry´s fastest liquid toner technology.

Developed and fostered by Canon, laser printers are standard output peripherals for offices. Canon’s laser printers are relatively small and have high-quality capabilities attributable to Canon’s expertise with the relevant technologies. Canon’s adoption of a user-replaceable toner cartridge system containing optical components makes its printers easy to maintain. Most of Canon’s laser printer sales are on an Original Equipment Manufacturer (“OEM”) basis.

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On a global basis, the production and sales of laser printers dropped drastically in 2009 after Lehman Brothers bankruptcy. In 2010 and 2011, the production and sales returned to positive growth in response to the global economic recovery driven by low-end product expansion. However, the trend returned to negative growth again in 2012 due to the serious recession in Europe and the stagnation of economic growth in many of Canon’s markets, even in emerging countries like China. By such a change of general market trend, the production and sales of Canon’s laser printers declined year-on-year in 2012. The Office Business Unit also includes the related sales of paper and chemicals, service and replacement parts.

- Imaging System Business Unit -

Canon manufactures and markets digital cameras and digital video camcorders, as well as lenses and various related accessories.

The worldwide compact digital camera market declined by 10% year-on-year in fiscal 2012, primarily due to prolonged European debt crisis, slowdown of economic growth in emerging area, anti-Japan demonstration in China, and the rapid penetration of smartphones. Canon maintained its formidable position in the industry by bringing twenty new models to market in 2012. Three new models in particular have contributed to Canon’s sales: the PowerShot ELPH 110 HS, the PowerShot SX 40 HS, and the PowerShot A2300.

In 2012, Canon launched five new camera products (one mirrorless, one entry class, two advanced amateur and one professional). Canon particularly strengthened its product line up in the 35mm full-frame sensor category by introducing three new models: the EOS-1D X, EOS 5D Mark III and EOS 6D.

Canon’s flagship and professional model, the EOS-1D X delivers superior image quality owing to an 18.1 megapixel 35mm full -frame CMOS sensor, adjustable from ISO 100 to 51,200 within its standard range and, permitting shooting of up to twelve frames per second (fps). The EOS-1D X is popular for shooting all manner of sporting and other events around the world.

The EOS 5D Mark III delivers superb image quality, thanks to a new 22.3-megapixel full-frame Canon CMOS sensor, adjustable from ISO 100 to 25,600 within its standard range, a 61-point High Density Reticular Autofocus (AF) System and six fps continuous shooting speed.

The EOS 6D is the world’s lightest and smallest interchangeable lens digital camera equipped with a 35mm full -frame sensor as of November 30, 2012. The EOS 6D, designed for advanced amateurs, is also the first EOS equipped with wireless LAN and GPS capabilities.

Additionally, in the entry class products, the EOS Rebel T4i is equipped with features such as a Vari-angle Touch Screen LCD monitor, a function to facilitate video shooting and an improved fully automatic shooting function. Canon also offers the EOS Rebel T3i in this class.

The EOS M is Canon’s first mirrorless EOS, featuring a small and light body, stylish design and availability in various colors. In addition, owing to Mount Adapter EF-EOS M, the EOS M can use all of Canon’s EF lens.

The market for interchangeable lenses for digital cameras grew robustly as well. Canon has been introducing high-quality, high-performance lenses built on superior technology (e.g., a special “Sub-Wavelength” Coating, multilayer diffractive optical elements and image stabilizers), which Canon believes allowed it to maintain its advantage over the competition in this field, as well as in the digital SINGLE-LENS REFLEX (“SLR”) camera field. In October 2011, the cumulative production of EF lens series interchangeable lenses surpassed 70 million. Including three new products launched in March 2011, the interchangeable lens lineup currently exceeds 60 products. With high expectations for further growth in this market, Canon expects to continue boosting both revenue and market share.

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Canon maintains a leading position in the digital video camcorder market, having introduced a series of flash memory models in fiscal 2008 followed by high-end models in fiscal 2009, to successfully promote Canon’s brand reputation for high image quality. In fiscal 2010, Canon added general-purpose models, allowing Canon to cover the full range with flash memory models. In the field of professional camcorders, Canon introduced flash memory models, our “XF” series, in 2010 and 2011 for use in broadcast news, documentary and independent filmmaking. Furthermore, in November 2011, Canon announced its full-fledged entry into digital high-resolution motion picture production by launching “Cinema EOS System” which consists of new interchangeable lens digital cinema cameras featuring a newly developed Super 35mm-equivalent, approximately 8.29 megapixel Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (“CMOS”) sensor, EF Lenses and new EF Cinema Lenses lineup. In 2012, “CINEMA EOS SYSTEM” has strengthened its line up with launching new digital cinema cameras capable of recording 4K-resolution video and entry level HD. Despite a continuing slowdown in the overall digital video camcorder market, there is a steady, positive trend in HD and flash memory sales and volume. Canon has been expanding its flash memory model lineups in order to expand sales and to take advantage of this growth of the HD and flash memory markets.

Canon began aggressively expanding its lineup of network cameras used for business surveillance video and monitoring applications in the second half of 2008 and has achieved a reputation for high-quality images due to the strength of its optical performance and video processing technology. This market is expected to expand further through improvements in high-quality imaging and image analysis, both of which are trends that will enable Canon to apply its traditional strengths. In fact Canon launched four new HD products in the second half of 2011 that contribute to societal safety and security.

As the inventor of inkjet printing technology, Canon believes that it continues to provide customers with the best performing inkjet printer models. Canon offers high-performance and high value-added inkjet printers to home, business and professional users. In response to intense competition in the consumer segment, Canon launched a new lineup of printers in fiscal 2012. All of these models feature print heads based on Canon’s Full-photolithography Inkjet Nozzle Engineering (“FINE”) technology, which boosts print speed and image quality up to 9600 x 2400 dpi, and the ChromaLife100+ system, which provides high-quality and long-lasting photographic images using a combination of genuine ink and paper. Canon PIXMA photo printers offer many advanced features, including low profile design, My Image Garden, the Intelligent Touch System, PIXMA Cloud Link and wireless printing, each of which makes printer operation more user friendly for diversified users. With an advanced printer lineup, Canon has increased its unit sales.

In February 2012, Canon started to ship the DreamLabo 5000, the first inkjet production photo printer which incorporates its new “FINE” high-density print head technology to significantly expand the potential of photo print quality. In the autumn of 2011, Canon also introduced professional photo inkjet printers: the PIXMA PRO-10 with a ten-color ink system of pigment-based inks, and the PIXMA PRO-100 with eight dye inks to produce colorful and vivid prints. With the addition of these products, Canon aims to further expand its business leveraging its strength in the photo printing market.

Regarding large-format inkjet printers, although the market slightly decreased in 2012 compared to the previous year, Canon significantly increased its unit sales, launching four new models for the graphic art market. Canon large-format inkjet printers are based on “FINE” head technology and employ its unique image processor, “L-COA,” developed for high-speed, high-resolution printing, and “LUCIA/LUCIA EX” pigment inks, developed for combining the glossiness of dye ink with vivid colors and weather resistance.

Canon markets a wide variety of scanners geared toward a broad spectrum of user needs, including image scanners in the CanoScan LiDE series using a Contact Image Sensor (“CIS”) and scanners with Charge-Coupled Devices (“CCD”) for high resolution. CIS is a close-contact method that allows for a significant reduction in scanner weight and size. Although the scanner market has continued to shrink and has shifted toward MFDs, Canon has maintained a high market share.

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Canon is the leader in the market for television lenses used by television stations for live sports, news broadcasts, concerts, dramatic productions and other applications. In 2011, Canon released the XJ95x8.6B high definition zoom lens for outdoor broadcasts. This lens achieves not only the world’s widest angle, but also 95x optical zoom magnification, which has bolstered Canon’s position as the broadcast television lens market leader.

Canon believes its television lenses are easily the most popular for broadcasting all manner of sporting and other events around the world, and continue to deliver thrilling true depictions of events to television viewers, while inspiring viewers and conveying to them a realistic picture of news stories around the world.

Canon’s calculator operations—from development to production to marketing—are centered in Hong Kong. Canon’s tradition of technological innovation began with its focus on personal information products, including calculators with built-in printers and electronic dictionaries. Canon continues to develop appealing personal information products that reflect demand trends.

- Industry and Others Business Unit -

In 2012, the market for semiconductor lithography equipment decreased approximately 30% from the previous year to about 240 units. Equipment investment by chip makers remained low especially in the memory segment primarily because supply continued to outweigh demand in the memory device market. However, image sensor, logic device and automotive device makers steadily increased their equipment investments, drawn by the growing market for smartphones, tablet PCs and hybrid cars. At the same time, some manufacturers-started to invest in i-line steppers for small diameter wafers used in power devices and LEDs, as well as for new markets such as 3D mountings for through silicon Via (“TSV”).

Canon has been rationalizing production systems to more flexibly respond to and match market changes, creating new systems with overall responsibility for each stepper model, and integrating manufacturing and sales functions so that customer needs can be more quickly reflected in development. Through these activities, a “design-in” business style has been taking hold and steady progress is being made in developing and marketing products with high added value. For example, Canon released a new i-line stepper FPA-3030i5+, suitable for the production of green devices such as LEDs and power devices, which currently occupies a high share of the automotive device and LED markets. Canon also released a new KrF stepper FPA-6300ES6a with greatly improved productivity compared to conventional equipment.

In 2012, the market for FPD lithography equipment decreased 40% from the previous year to around 70 units. Such FPD lithography equipment investments generally slowed due to a deterioration in panel makers’ earnings. Overall, the market for 8th generation large-sized panel production declined 60% from the previous year while the market for 5.5-6th generation small-to-mid sized panel production maintained high growth due to the brisk market for smartphones and tablet PCs. Although the market has been shrinking, the MPAsp-H700 series supporting 7th and 8th generation large-sized panels continue to offer high productivity and have contributed to customer production plans by allowing for quick equipment installation at existing production sites. This has helped Canon capture and maintain a commanding share of the FPD lithography equipment market for large-sized panel production. Furthermore, Canon’s sales and service support systems have earned high accolades in China.

Canon expects FPD lithography equipment investments by panel makers to recover in 2013, mainly led by Chinese makers. Canon aims to turn around the market share by revamping its product lineup by including products for small-to-mid-sized panels.

Medical equipment sold by Canon includes X-ray image sensors, X-ray imaging systems, retinal cameras, autorefractometers and image-processing equipment for computerized systems. Canon’s pioneering digital radiography system takes X-ray photography into the digital age.

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Other Canon products, such as electronic components, including magnetic heads and micro-motors, are sold primarily to equipment manufacturers. In addition, Canon provides industrial machines such as die bonder and magnetic disk film deposition equipment. Canon also offers business information products, which primarily consist of personal computers, servers and document scanners.

With the trend toward digitization, the demand for scanning documents into text or image data is expanding. Canon’s document scanners rapidly and efficiently digitize large volumes of printed information. Canon offers a wide range of scanner models, including color-capable compact sheet-fed types and a flatbed model suitable for scanning book format documents. Canon also offers a hybrid model that can create microfilm records. Canon’s diverse lineup seeks to meet increased demand by business customers for digitizing office documents, which enables such customers to share documents across Internet or intranet platforms or to capture forms with optical character recognition.

Marketing and distribution

Canon sells its products primarily through subsidiaries organized under regional marketing subsidiaries: Canon Marketing Japan Inc. in Japan; Canon U.S.A., Inc. in North and South America; Canon Europe Ltd. and Canon Europa N.V. in Europe, Russia, Africa and the Middle East; Canon (China) Co., Ltd. in Asia outside Japan; and Canon Australia Pty. Ltd. in Oceania. Each subsidiary is responsible for its own market research and for determining its sales channels, advertising and promotional activities. Each subsidiary provides tailor-made solutions to a diverse range of unique customers and aims to advance Canon’s reputation as a highly trusted brand.

In Japan, Canon sells its products primarily through Canon Marketing Japan Inc., mainly to dealers and retail outlets.

In the Americas, Canon sells its products primarily through Canon U.S.A., Inc., Canon Canada Inc. and Canon Latin America, Inc., mainly to dealers and retail outlets.

In Europe, Canon sells its products primarily through Canon Europa N.V., which sells mainly through subsidiaries or independent distributors to dealers and retail outlets in each locality. In addition, copying machines are sold directly to end-users by several subsidiaries such as Canon (UK) Ltd. in the United Kingdom and Canon France S.A.S. in France.

In Southeast Asia and Oceania, Canon sells its products through subsidiaries located in those areas. In addition, copying machines are sold directly to end-users in Australia by Canon Australia Pty. Ltd.

Canon also sells laser printers on an OEM basis to Hewlett-Packard Company. Hewlett-Packard resells these printers under the “HP LaserJet Printers” name. During fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011, such sales constituted 17.0% and 19.3%, respectively, of Canon’s consolidated net sales.

Canon continues to enhance its distribution system by promoting the continuing education of its sales personnel and by improving inventory management and business planning through weekly analysis of sales data.

Service

In Japan and overseas, product service is provided in part by independent retail outlets and designated service centers that receive technical training assistance from Canon. Canon also services its products directly.

Most of Canon’s business machines carry warranties of varying terms, depending upon the model and country of sale. Cameras and camera accessories carry warranties that vary depending upon the model and country of sale.

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Canon services its copying machines and supplies replacement drums, parts, toner and paper. Most customers enter into a contract under which Canon provides maintenance services, replacement drums and parts in return for a stated amount of the contract plus a per copy charge. Copying machines not covered by a service contract may be serviced from time to time by Canon or local dealers for a fee.

Seasonality

Canon’s sales for the fourth quarter are typically higher than for the other three quarters, mainly due to strong demand for consumer products, such as cameras and inkjet printers, during the year-end holiday season.

In Japan, corporate demand for office products peaks in the first quarter, as many Japanese companies end their fiscal years in March. Sales also tend to increase at the start of the new school year in each region.

Sources of supply

Canon purchases materials such as glass, aluminum, plastic, steel and chemicals for use in various product components and in the manufacturing process. Canon procures raw materials from all over the world and selects suppliers based on a number of criteria, including environmental friendliness, quality, cost, supply stability and financial condition.

Prices of some raw materials fluctuate according to market trends. Although Canon is currently focusing on globalizing supplies and improving raw material resource management strategies, and believes that it will be able to continue procuring sufficient quantities of raw materials to meet its needs, there can be no assurance that supply shortages will not occur or that raw materials, such as crude oil, will be available at competitive prices, or at all in the future.

NET SALES BY SEGMENT

The following table presents our net sales by segment for each of the periods shown.

	Years ended December 31
	2012			change			2011			change			2010
	(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
Office	¥	1,757,575			-8.4	%	¥	1,917,943			-3.5	%	¥	1,987,269
Imaging System		1,405,971			7.2			1,312,044			-5.7			1,391,327
Industry and Others		407,840			-3.1			420,863			-2.8			432,958
Eliminations		(91,598	)		—			(93,417	)		—			(104,653	)
Total	¥	3,479,788			-2.2	%	¥	3,557,433			-4.0	%	¥	3,706,901

NET SALES BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA

The following table presents our net sales by geographic area for each of the periods shown.

	Years ended December 31
	2012		change			2011		change			2010
	(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
Japan	¥	720,286		3.7	%	¥	694,450		-0.2	%	¥	695,749
Americas		939,873		-2.3			961,955		-6.0			1,023,299
Europe		1,014,038		-8.9			1,113,065		-5.1			1,172,474
Asia and Oceania		805,591		2.2			787,963		-3.4			815,379
Total	¥	3,479,788		-2.2	%	¥	3,557,433		-4.0	%	¥	3,706,901

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Competition

Canon encounters intense global competition in all areas of its business. Canon’s competitors range from some of the world’s major multinational corporations to smaller, highly specialized companies. Canon competes in a number of different business areas, whereas many of its competitors focus on one or more individual areas. Consequently, Canon may face significant competition from entities that apply greater financial, technological, sales and marketing or other resources than Canon to their activities in a particular market segment.

The principal elements of competition that Canon faces in each of its markets are technology, quality, reliability, performance, price and customer service and support. Canon believes that its ability to compete effectively depends in large part on conducting successful research and development activities that enable it to create new or improved products and release them on a timely basis and at commercially attractive prices.

The competitive environments in which each product group operates are described below:

- Office Business Unit -

The markets for this segment are highly competitive. Canon’s primary competitors are Xerox Corporation/Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.; Ricoh Company, Ltd.; Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc.; Hewlett-Packard Company; Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.; and Lexmark International, Inc. Canon believes that it is one of the leading global manufacturers of office MFDs, copying machines and laser printers. In addition to the general elements of competition described above, Canon’s ability to compete successfully in these markets also depends significantly on whether it can provide effective, broad-based “business solutions” to its customers and respond to interrelated customer needs. In particular, the ability to provide equipment and software that connect effectively to networks (ranging in scope from local area networks to the Internet) is often a key to Canon’s competitive strength. In the United States, Europe and Japan, Canon is one of the market leaders in all areas of the business machine market. In China, the current market leaders for business machines are Toshiba TEC Corporation, Sharp Corporation and Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. Canon hopes to join this group by introducing products tailored to the Chinese market and by strengthening sales and service channels. In the color printing market, Ricoh, Xerox and Konica Minolta have been very aggressive, especially in Europe and the United States, and competition in this market has become fierce.

- Imaging System Business Unit -

In addition to the traditional camera manufacturers, other electrical manufacturers started aggressively launching interchangeable lens digital cameras and related products in fiscal 2011. Nevertheless, Canon has continued to invest aggressively in competitive new products and intends to maintain its leadership position in this market.

Canon’s primary competitors in the interchangeable lens digital camera market are Nikon Corporation, Sony Corporation and Panasonic Corporation. Another major competitor is Sigma Corporation, which produces lenses for use with Canon’s digital SLR products.

The compact digital camera market is extremely competitive, and a large number of Canon’s competitors are relying on electronic manufacturing service (“EMS”) manufacturers to do their development and production work.

Except for Japan, where competition is so fierce that expansion of market size is generally possible only by greatly reducing sales prices, average prices in the industry did not decline much in fiscal 2012 from levels seen in the previous year. Nevertheless, prices have been rapidly declining as measured by the standard of specification price value, and the commoditization of products has been progressing. Market contraction and exchange rate fluctuation risks caused by the financial crisis which started in 2008 are having a major impact, resulting in severe conditions in the digital camera market. Despite these difficulties, Canon will seek to take advantage of its status as the number one brand in the industry, along with its economies of scale, in order to maintain profitability.

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Canon’s primary competitors in the compact digital camera market are Sony Corporation; Nikon Corporation; Panasonic Corporation; Fujifilm Co., Ltd.; Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.; and Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Canon’s primary competitors in the digital video camcorder market are Sony Corporation; Panasonic Corporation; and JVC KENWOOD Corporation. Canon’s primary competitors in the inkjet printer market are Hewlett-Packard Company and Seiko Epson Corporation.

- Industry and Others Business Unit -

There continues to be very stiff competition in the markets for lithography equipment used in the production of semiconductor devices and FPDs. In order to produce lithography equipment that can provide ultra-fine processing, there needs to be an integration of advanced optical, control and system technologies, along with continuous investment in technology development. The main competitors in these markets are Nikon Corporation, in the markets for semiconductor and FPD lithography equipment, and ASML Holding N.V., in the market for semiconductor lithography equipment only.

Canon has helped its customers to improve their productivity by continuously improving the cost performance of semiconductor lithography equipment using the i-line and KrF laser light sources. In particular, the equipment using i-line has captured a large share of the global market. Canon has also been meeting the needs of image sensor manufacturers by quickly adapting to various unique specifications.

Canon’s FPD lithography equipment for FPD panels with a common platform offering excellent productivity and reliability have captured large shares of the industry-leading South Korean market and the promising Chinese market.

Patents and licenses

Canon holds a large number of patents, design rights and trademarks in Japan and abroad to protect proprietary technologies stemming from its research and development activities. Canon utilizes these intellectual property rights as important strategic management tools. For example, Canon leverages its intellectual property rights to expand its product lines and business operations and to form alliances and exchange technologies with other companies.

Canon has granted licenses with respect to its patents to various Japanese and foreign companies, most often with respect to electrophotography, laser printers, multifunction printers, facsimile machines and cameras.

Companies to which Canon has granted licenses include:

Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.	LED printers, multifunction printers and facsimile machines
Panasonic Corporation	Electrophotography
Ricoh Company, Ltd.	Electrophotography
Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd	Electronic cameras
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.	Laser printers, multifunction printers and facsimile machines
Kyocera Document Solutions Inc.	Electrophotography
Sharp Corporation	Electrophotography
Brother Industries, Ltd.	Electrophotography and facsimile machines

Canon has also been granted licenses with respect to patents held by other companies.

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Companies that have granted licenses to Canon include:

Jerome H. Lemelson Patent Incentives, Inc.	Computer systems, image recording apparatus and communication apparatus
Energy Conversion Devices, Inc.	Solar battery
Honeywell International Inc.	Camera and video products
Gilbert P. Hyatt U.S. Philips Corporation	Microcomputer
Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc.	Field Emission Display (“FED”) technology
St. Clair Intellectual Property Consultants, Inc.	Selection of digital camera image format

Canon has also entered into cross-licensing agreements with other major industry participants.

Companies with which Canon has entered into cross-licensing agreements include:

International Business Machines Corporation	Information handling systems
Hewlett-Packard Company	Bubble jet printers
Xerox Corporation	Business machines
Panasonic Corporation	Video tape recorders and video cameras
Eastman Kodak Company	Electrophotography and image processing technology
Ricoh Company, Ltd.	Electrophotography products, facsimile machines and word processors
Seiko Epson Corporation	Information-related instruments

Canon has placed a high priority on the management of its intellectual property. Some products that are material to Canon’s operating results incorporate patented technology. Patented technology is critical to the continued success of Canon’s products, which typically incorporate technology from dozens of different patents. However, Canon does not believe that its business, as a whole, is dependent on, or that its profitability would be materially affected by the revocation, termination, expiration or infringement upon any particular patent, copyright, license or intellectual property rights or group thereof.

Environmental regulations

Canon is subject to a wide variety of laws, regulations and industry standards relating to energy and resource conservation, recycling, global warming, pollution prevention, pollution remediation and environmental health and safety. Some of the environmental laws that affect Canon’s businesses are summarized below.

1. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Fiscal 2012 was the final year of the first commitment period (2008-2012) under the Kyoto Protocol. The Japanese government has called upon the manufacturing, transport, services and household sectors to take further action for energy conservation.

The revised Energy Saving Law in Japan (Law Concerning the Rational Use of Energy) and the revised Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures came into full effect in April 2010. These laws require business operators to report their energy consumption and mid and long-term energy conservation plans in an effort to encourage energy efficiency. The Japanese government is also implementing multifaceted measures to reduce emissions, including the granting of a “domestic credit” to any large company that helps small and medium enterprises to conserve energy. This credit is expected to provide substantial incentives, as it will be deemed an emission reduction for participating companies. Trial implementation of an emissions trading scheme was launched in October 2008.

Despite the economic downturn, Canon has been working to achieve its voluntary action plan target (which is consistent with the plan of the Japan Electrics and Electronics Industrial Associations) and has been strengthening its group structure to comply with revised environmental laws. Eventually, Canon expects to

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achieve its target. Canon has been participating in the trial emissions trading scheme and managed through dedicated efforts to achieve the year 2010 target. However, due to the shutdown of nuclear power plants in Japan caused by the severe failure of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, which was damaged by the great east Japan earthquake and subsequent tsunami disaster in 2011, Canon has still been asked to achieve further electricity savings and energy conservation. These activities including a response to this request could increase Canon’s management costs and have adverse effects on its operating results and financial condition.

2. Post-Kyoto Initiatives

A framework of Post-Kyoto Protocol (beyond 2012) has been discussed at the Conference of the Parties (“COP”) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In December 2011, COP17 was held in Durban and member states have agreed to join a second commitment period for the Kyoto Protocol that will expire in 2020, and to fulfill national commitments for the implementation of individual or joint quantified emission reduction plans to achieve the 2020 targets under the Cancun Agreements in 2010. Member states have also launched a new negotiating process of “Future Framework beyond 2020” to reach an agreement that all member states will have the same legal regime to address climate change by 2015. In December 2012, COP18 was held in Doha to discuss the agenda of COP17 in detail. However, negotiations were unsuccessful and most of the agenda was carried over to the forthcoming COP19.

The Japanese government has declared its intention not to participate in the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Instead, the Japanese government has announced its plan to submit a new emission reduction target for 2020 to COP after establishing a new domestic Climate Change remediation plan, in place of the current 25% greenhouse gas emission reduction target under the Cancun Agreement.

Canon continues to pursue CO2 emission reductions through energy-efficient product design, improvement of logistics and factory operations with due consideration for the above mentioned international developments and the domestic Climate Change remediation plan. However, these efforts could increase Canon’s management costs and have adverse effects on its operating results and financial condition.

3. Tokyo Metropolitan Government Environmental Protection Ordinance

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has mandated that the owners of certain large CO2 emitters, including office buildings, reduce CO2 emissions from April 2010. The target for the first compliance period (April 2010 to March 2015) has been set at 8% or 6% (according to the type of building) below base emissions, which can be determined based on the amount of emissions from the building in recent years. In order for the owners of large buildings to fulfill the requirement, they must reduce CO2 emissions from their respective buildings and, if such reduction is insufficient, obtain certain Tokyo Metropolitan Government-sanctioned credits. Canon expects to fulfill the requirement during the first compliance period.

Canon continues to pursue CO2 emission reductions through energy-efficient office operations. However, such efforts could increase Canon’s management costs and have adverse effects on its operating results and financial condition.

4. Soil Pollution Prevention Law of Japan

A 2010 amendment to the Soil Pollution Prevention Law of Japan tightens certain requirements to survey soil to measure certain pollution levels. If soil pollution exceeds specified limits, a prefecture governor may designate the land as “Measure required area” when effects to human health due to soil pollution (and with exposure to pollutant) are foreseen, and the prefecture governor orders removal of pollutants. When exposures to pollutants are blocked and effects to human health are not foreseen, the area is declared a “designated area for notification of changes of the land character.” The prefecture governor may publicly announce such designation and make the investigation report available upon request. The substances designated as pollutants consist of twenty-five chemical groups, including lead, arsenic and trichloroethylene. If an investigation shows that there is

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a likelihood that soil contamination may affect human health, the prefecture governor may issue an order to the landowner to take designated remedial actions and may restrict the changes of the land character. Canon has commenced a detailed survey and measurement of soil and groundwater to check for pollution at all of Canon’s operational sites in Japan. Additional costs may arise if these investigations reveal that remedial measures are necessary. These factors could adversely affect Canon’s operating results and financial condition of the sites.

See “Risk Factors—Other Risks—Environmental cleanup and remediation costs relating to Canon’s properties and associated litigation could decrease Canon’s net cash flow, adversely affect its operating results and impair its financial condition.”

5. Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources

The Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, administered by the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, was enacted in 2001. This law requires manufacturers of “specified reuse-promoted products,” including copying machines, to promote the use of recyclable resources and recovered products (designing and manufacturing products that may be easily reused or recycled). Failure to comply with the law could adversely affect Canon’s operating results.

6. European Union Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“the RoHS Directive”) and Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“the WEEE Directive”)

These two directives were originally published in the Official Journal of the European Union in 2003, and member states were required to enact laws necessary to comply with these directives by 2004.

According to the RoHS Directive from July 1, 2006, companies have been required to ensure that electrical and electronic equipment sold in the European Union does not contain lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, mercury, polybrominated biphenyls or polybrominated diphenyl ethers if placed on the market after that date. Pursuant to the RoHS Directive, Canon adapted its products so that they do not contain the prohibited hazardous substances. The RoHS recast Directive was published on July 1, 2011. As a result, manufacturers, like Canon, will be required to prepare new declarations of conformity and compliance documentation from January 2013, in addition to meeting current restrictions on substances. Furthermore, the scope of products covered will be expanded to medical and measurement equipment from July 2014.

The WEEE Directive requires that companies selling electrical and electronic equipment bearing their trade names in the European Union must arrange and pay for collection, treatment, recycling, recovery and disposal of their equipment. Canon has become a member company of collective compliance schemes in each member state of the European Union and has achieved the required recycling levels for electrical and electronic equipment waste. The WEEE recast Directive was published on July 24, 2012 and will be applied from February 2014. Due to a change in official interpretation, the scope of products covered may be expanded. Also, the scope of local regulations similar to WEEE tends to be more expansive in such jurisdictions.

If tighter restrictions are enforced in 2013 and beyond, Canon’s compliance costs could increase, including with costs related to the actions for newly-covered products and the development and adoption of substitute materials or processes. Such increased costs may have an adverse effect on Canon’s operating results.

7. European Framework for the Management of Chemical Substances (“REACH Regulation”)

The REACH Regulation was published in the Official Journal of the European Union, and was implemented in 2007. This regulation covers almost all chemicals (products in gaseous, liquid, paste or powder form) and articles (products in solid state) manufactured in or imported into the European Union.

All chemicals manufactured in or imported into the European Union that exceed specific content thresholds must be registered. Registration requires disclosure of information about usage and chemical characteristics. The

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registration of new chemicals commenced in June 2008. For chemical substances in use before “existing chemicals,” “pre-registration” was accepted from June to December 2008. Substances that were not pre-registered cannot be used until formally registered. Pre-registered substances are subject to compliance with formal registration procedures according to their quantity and hazardous properties. Canon uses some chemicals which are subject to pre-registration requirements and has completed the necessary pre-registrations.

If certain substances are contained in an article, the substances must be communicated to the recipient or consumer of the article. This requirement has been in place since October 2008. Moreover, starting in 2011, certain cases required notifying the European Chemical Agency of more specific information.

Furthermore, the addition of restrictions on the use of certain substances has been proposed, and if adopted, manufacturers such as Canon will need to take measures to address such new restrictions.

Canon has been implementing these requirements under the REACH Regulation, which could increase Canon’s management costs and have adverse effects on its operating results and financial condition.

8. The European Framework for the Setting of Requirements for Energy-Related Products (“ErP Directive”)

The ErP Directive applies in Europe to all energy-using products, although implementing measures for specific product categories have yet to be adopted. Until these implementing measures are adopted, it is difficult to predict the potential effects of the ErP Directive. However, implementing measures with respect to off-mode and standby mode and external power supplies were adopted and applied since 2010. Currently, a horizontal implementing measure covering home and office electric and electronic equipment which can be connected to a network is also under consideration, and is expected to be published in the middle of 2013. For imaging equipment, the industry has made a public commitment to attain certain targets on environmentally conscious designs from 2012 by an industrial voluntary agreement and began implementation in 2011. Furthermore, implementing measures for AV equipment including projectors will be finalized after finalizing regulations for networked products described above (2013). Canon is continuing its preparations to comply with the ErP Directive. However, the requirements are expected to be challenging and achieving compliance will likely increase Canon’s costs, especially by required design changes.

9. State Legislation in the United States Concerning Recycling of Waste Electric and Electronic Products

Electrical and electronic equipment recycling laws have been enacted or proposed in more than twenty American states. Although most of such laws cover only displays or television sets, printers and other products are covered by some states, such as Illinois, Michigan and Hawaii, among others. These laws require manufacturers to bear the costs of collecting and recycling electrical and electronic equipment based on sales volume or market share by brand of covered products. Canon expects that compliance with such state requirements might increase its costs, such as recycling fees and product guarantees.

10. Chinese Administrative Measures on the Control of Pollution Caused by Electronic Information Products

The Chinese Ministry of Information Industry published Administrative Measures on the Control of Pollution Caused by Electronic Information Products in February 2006. These measures are modeled on the European Union RoHS Directive described above and regulate six substances: lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, cadmium, polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in electronic information products. The measures establish two stages of implementation. Stage 1 is in effect and covers nearly all Canon products.

To comply with Stage 1 requirements, a China-specific label must be placed on any covered product if any of the six regulated substances are contained therein, and use of the six regulated substances must be disclosed in each product manual. In addition, each product’s environmental protection use period (“EPUP”) must be stated within its recycling mark and include the production date. Packaging material markings must be displayed on the boxes of the covered products.

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Stage 2 requires that the contents of six regulated substances in specific electronic information products (as specified by the Chinese Government in the “list for emphasized management”) be restricted by limitations similar to the European Union RoHS Directive. A China-specific compulsory product certification system will be introduced for such products. Standards to implement these measures and the “emphasized management list” are under discussion, including with regard to printers.

If these requirements are applied to Canon’s products, this could increase Canon’s costs and have an adverse effect on its operating results and financial condition.

11. Chinese Regulation for the Management of the Recycling and Disposal of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products

The Regulation for the Management of the Recycling and Disposal of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products was issued by the Chinese government in 2009 and implemented on January 1, 2011. This regulation concerns the management of recycling and disposal activities with regard to waste electrical and electronic products in the interest of promoting comprehensive utilization of resources and the development of a circular economy. Producers and importers will be required to pay a fee to a government fund. The first list of products falling under the waste electrical and electronic products catalogue has been issued and includes four types of household appliances as well as personal computers. The Regulation of those payment fees described above was enforced on July 1, 2012.

If these requirements are applied to Canon’s products, this could increase Canon’s costs and have an adverse effect on its operating results and financial condition.

12. Other Environmental Regulations

In addition to the laws described above, various environmental laws and regulations may have been promulgated or enacted by European Union member states, states of the United States, emerging countries such as China, India, Russia, Vietnam and others. Compliance with any such additional regulations may increase Canon’s costs and may adversely affect Canon’s operating results and financial condition.

Other regulations

Disclosure under Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (“ITRA”) added Section 13(r) to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Section 13(r) requires an issuer to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports, as applicable, whether it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with designated natural persons or entities involved in terrorism or the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Disclosure is required even where the activities, transactions or dealings are conducted outside the U.S. by non-U.S. affiliates in compliance with applicable law, and whether or not the activities are sanctionable under U.S. law.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the following Canon affiliates had the transactions with Iran-related organizations. These transactions were conducted in compliance with applicable law in the respective countries.

• Canon Marketing Japan (“CMJ”), our 57% owned Japanese subsidiary as of December 31, 2012, has a maintenance contract for one copier machine with the Iranian embassy in Tokyo, Japan. This machine was sold by Canon System & Support (“CSS”), a wholly-owned Japanese subsidiary of CMJ, during the year 2005. Relating to this contract, CSS sold one staple cartridge and performed one spot repair during the year 2012. The current contract renews annually. Total gross sales for the contract and activities above during the year 2012 was approximately ¥338 thousand for CMJ and ¥16 thousand for CSS. The net profit was substantially less than that.

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• Canon Marketing (Philippines) Inc., a wholly-owned Filipino subsidiary of Canon Singapore Pte. Ltd. (“CSPL”) which is wholly-owned by Canon Inc., performed a spot repair on one copier machine of the Iranian School operated by the Iranian embassy in Makati, Philippines during the year 2012. Total gross sales for this activity was in foreign currency of approximately ¥52 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon Marketing Malaysia Sdn bhd, a wholly-owned Malaysian subsidiary of CSPL, performed maintenance services on two copier machines of Iran Air in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The current contract will expire in January 2017. Total gross sales for this activity during the year 2012 was in foreign currency of approximately ¥220 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon Marketing (Thailand) Co. Ltd, a wholly-owned Thai subsidiary of CSPL, has a service contract for three copier machines with the Iranian embassy in Bangkok, Thailand. The current contract will expire in October 2014. Total gross sales under this contract during the year 2012 was in foreign currency of approximately ¥70 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon India Pvt Ltd, a wholly-owned Indian subsidiary of CSPL, had sales of one copier machine and has service contracts for six copier machines with the consulate general of Iran in New Delhi and Mumbai, India. The current contract will expire in September 2017. Total gross sales under this contract during the year 2012 was in foreign currency of approximately ¥407 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon Australia Pty. Ltd., a wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, has a service and lease contract for two copier machines with Iranian embassy in Canberra, Australia. The current contract will expire in November 2016. Total gross sales under this contract during the year 2012 was in foreign currency of approximately ¥380 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon Europe N.V. (“CENV”), a wholly-owned Dutch subsidiary of Canon Finance Netherlands B.V., which is wholly-owned by Canon Inc., had indirect sales transactions through an independent distributor in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (“U.A.E.”) for broadcast products such as TV camera lenses and related products of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting. Total gross sales under this contract during the year 2012 was in foreign currency of approximately ¥48,475 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon Deutschland GmbH, a wholly-owned German subsidiary of CENV, has a service contract for three copier machines with the consulate general of Iran in Munich, Germany. This contract started from August 2008 and will expire in July 2013. Total gross sales under this contract during the year 2012 was in foreign currency of approximately ¥96 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon (Austria) GmbH, a wholly-owned Austrian subsidiary of CENV, has a rental contract for one copier machine with Iranian embassy in Vienna, Austria. This machine was relocated to Hamburg, Germany based on the embassy’s request. This contract started from June 2012 and will expire in June 2017. Total gross sales for this contract during the year 2012 was in foreign currency of approximately ¥373 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon (Schweiz) AG, a wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary of CENV, has rental and maintenance contract for one copier machine of Naftiran Intertrade Company (“NICO”) in Pully, Switzerland. This contract started from January 2010 and will expire in December 2013. Total gross sales under this contract during the year 2012 was in foreign currency of approximately ¥817 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon Oy AB, a wholly-owned Finnish subsidiary of CENV, has a service maintenance contract for one copier machine of the Iranian embassy in Helsinki, Finland. The current contract started from November 2009 and will expire in November 2013. Total gross sales under this contract during the year 2012 was approximately ¥35 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon Svenska AB, a wholly-owned Swedish subsidiary of CENV, performed a spot repair on two copier machines of Iran Air in Stockholm, Sweden. The gross sales for this activity was in foreign currency of approximately ¥52 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

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• Canon Danmark A/S, a wholly-owned Danish subsidiary of CENV, had sales of one copier machine and service maintenance contracts for five copier machines of the Iranian embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark. The oldest contracts of these started from July 2007 and some have non-cancellable clauses until February 2017. The gross sales under these contracts during the year 2012 was in foreign currency of approximately ¥385 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

• Canon Middle East FZ-LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CENV in Dubai, U.A.E., has a service contract for a copier and two fax machines with Iranian Hospital in Dubai, U.A.E. in 2012, which we believe to be operated by Iranian Red Crescent. The current contract will expire in July 2014. Total gross sales was in foreign currency of approximately ¥441 thousand. The net profit was substantially less than that.

As of the date of this report, Canon is not aware of any other activity, transaction or dealing by us or any of our affiliates during the year ended December 31, 2012 that requires disclosure in this report under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act. Canon does not intend to conduct any further business activities with Iranian counterparties required to be disclosed under the ITRA, except for sales of consumables, repair, and maintenance services for products Canon previously sold to such entities.

C. Organizational structure

Canon Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates form a group of which Canon Inc. is the parent company. As of December 31, 2012, Canon had 275 consolidated subsidiaries and 9 affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method.

The following table lists the significant subsidiaries owned by Canon Inc., all of which are consolidated as of December 31, 2012.

Name of company	Head office location	Proportion of ownership interest owned		Proportion of voting power held
Canon Marketing Japan Inc.	Tokyo, Japan		50.1%		57.0%
Canon U.S.A., Inc.	New York, U.S.A.		100.0%		100.0%
Canon Europa N.V.	Amstelveen, The Netherlands		100.0%		100.0%

D. Property, plants and equipment

Canon’s manufacturing is conducted primarily at 28 plants in Japan and 17 plants in other countries. Canon owns all of the buildings and the land on which its plants are located, with the exception of certain immaterial leases of land and floor space of certain of its subsidiaries. The names and locations of Canon’s plants and other facilities, their approximate floor space and the principal activities and products manufactured therein as of December 31, 2012 are as follows:

Name and location	Floor space (including leased space)		Principal activities and products manufactured
Domestic	(Thousands of square feet)
Headquarters, Tokyo		2,556	R&D, corporate administration and other functions
Canon Global Management Institute, Tokyo		164	Training and administration
Kawasaki Office, Kanagawa		1,238	R&D and manufacturing of production equipment and semiconductor devices; R&D of laser printers and toner cartridges

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Name and location	Floor space (including leased space)		Principal activities and products manufactured
Domestic	(Thousands of square feet)
Kosugi Office, Kanagawa		395	Development of software for office imaging products
Fuji-Susono Research Park, Shizuoka		1,037	R&D in electrophotographic technologies
Ayase Plant, Kanagawa		393	R&D and manufacturing of semiconductor devices
Hiratsuka Plant, Kanagawa		1,139	R&D of display products
Tamagawa Office, Kanagawa		155	Quality engineering
Oita Plant, Oita		205	Manufacturing of semiconductor devices
Yako Office, Kanagawa		904	Development of inkjet printers, inkjet chemical products
Utsunomiya Plant, Tochigi		2,752	Manufacturing of lenses for cameras and other applications, R&D in optical technologies, development and sales of broadcasting equipment, R&D, manufacturing, sales and servicing of semiconductor production equipment
Toride Plant, Ibaraki		3,203	R&D in electrophotographic technologies, mass-production trials and support; manufacturing of office imaging products, chemical products; training of manufacturing
Ami Plant, Ibaraki		1,131	Manufacturing of FPD production equipment
Canon Electronics Inc., Tokyo, Saitama and Gunma		1,311	Components, magnetic heads, document scanners and laser printers
Canon Finetech Inc., Saitama, Ibaraki and Fukui		915	Business-use printers, business machines peripherals and chemical products
Canon Precision Inc., Aomori		1,509	Toner cartridges, sensors and micromotors
Canon Optron Inc., Ibaraki		143	Optical crystals (for lithography equipments, cameras, telescopes) and vapor deposition materials
Canon Chemicals Inc., Ibaraki		2,098	Toner cartridges and rubber functional components
Canon Components, Inc., Saitama		612	Contact image sensors, inkjet cartridges and medical equipment
Oita Canon Inc., Oita		1,238	Digital cameras, lenses and digital video camcorders
Nagahama Canon Inc., Shiga		1,093	Laser printers, toner cartridges and A-Si drums

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Name and location	Floor space (including leased space)		Principal activities and products manufactured
Domestic	(Thousands of square feet)
Oita Canon Materials Inc., Oita		2,977	Chemical products for copying machines and printers, and inkjet cartridges
Ueno Canon Materials Inc., Mie		654	Chemical products for copying machines and printers
Fukushima Canon Inc., Fukushima		966	Inkjet printers and inkjet cartridges
Canon Semiconductor Equipment Inc., Ibaraki		420	Development and production of semiconductor production-related equipment
Canon Ecology Industry Inc., Ibaraki		679	Recycling of toner cartridges, repair and recycling of business machines
Nisca Corporation, Yamanashi		390	Copying machine peripherals, scanner units and optical equipment
Miyazaki Daishin Canon Inc., Miyazaki		168	Digital cameras
Canon Mold Co., Ltd., Ibaraki		219	Molds
Canon ANELVA Corporation, Kanagawa and Yamanashi		766	Production equipment for electron devices, flat panel display and semiconductors
Canon Machinery Inc., Shiga		627	Automated production equipment and semiconductor production-related equipment
Canon Tokki Corporation, Niigata, Kanagawa and Tokyo		208	Vacuum technology-related equipment
Nagasaki Canon Inc., Nagasaki		477	Digital cameras
Hita Canon Materials Inc., Oita		370	Rubber functional components

Name and location	Floor space (including leased space)		Principal activities and products manufactured
Overseas	(Thousands of square feet)
Europe
Canon Giessen GmbH, Giessen, Germany		339	Remanufacturing of copying machines and semiconductor production equipment
Canon Bretagne S.A.S., Liffre, France		506	Manufacturing and recycling of toner cartridges
Océ-Technologies B.V., Venlo, the Netherlands		2,537	R&D, manufacturing copying machines, corporate administration, and other functions
Océ-Printing Systems GmbH, Poing, Germany		1,248	R&D, manufacturing copying machines, corporate administration, and other functions

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Name and location	Floor space (including leased space)		Principal activities and products manufactured
Overseas	(Thousands of square feet)
Americas
Canon Virginia, Inc., Virginia, U.S.		1,676	Toner cartridges, molds and remanufacturing of copying machines
Industrial Resource Technologies, Inc., Virginia, U.S.		185	Recycling of toner cartridges
Asia
Canon Inc., Taiwan, Taiwan		1,528	Lenses and digital cameras
Canon Opto (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., Selangor, Malaysia		584	Digital cameras, lenses and optical lens parts
Canon Dalian Business Machines, Inc., Dalian, China		1,740	Production and recycling of toner cartridges, production of laser printers
Canon Zhuhai, Inc., Zhuhai, China		752	Digital cameras, digital video camcorders and contact image sensors
Canon Prachinburi (Thailand) Ltd., Prachinburi, Thailand		808	Copying machines
Canon Hi-Tech Thailand Ltd., Ayutthaya and Nakohon Ratchasima, Thailand		3,124	Inkjet printers, MFDs, scanners, molds and plastic injection molded parts
Canon Zhongshan Business Machines Co., Ltd., Zhogshan, China		1,331	Laser printers
Canon Vietnam Co., Ltd., Hanoi, Vietnam		3,302	Inkjet printers, laser printers, MFDs, scanners and contact image sensors
Canon (Suzhou) Inc., Suzhou, China		1,516	Copying machines
Canon Finetech Nisca (Shenzhen) Inc., Shenzhen, China		684	Copying machines and laser printer peripherals
Canon Electronics Vietnam Co., Ltd., Hung Yen Province, Vietnam		308	Components

Canon considers its manufacturing and other facilities to be well maintained and believes that its plant capacity is adequate for its current requirements. None of the buildings or land are subject to any major encumbrances.

Main facilities under construction for establishment/expansion

Name and location	Principal activities and products manufactured
Domestic
Canon Chemicals Inc., Ibaraki	New production base* (Office business unit) *To be leased to Canon Chemicals Inc., a wholly—owned subsidiary, by the Company
Overseas
Canon Zhuhai, Inc., Zhuhai, China	New production base (Imaging system business unit)
Canon Business Machines Philippines	New production base (Office business unit)

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Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

A. Operating Results

The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes to be relevant to understanding Canon’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Overview

Canon is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of plain paper copying machines, office multifunction devices (“MFDs”), laser printers, cameras, inkjet printers, semiconductor lithography equipment and flat-panel-display (“FPD”) lithography equipment. Canon earns revenues primarily from the manufacture and sale of these products domestically and internationally. Canon’s basic management policy is to contribute to the prosperity and well-being of the world while endeavoring to become a truly excellent global corporate group targeting continued growth and development.

Canon divides its businesses into three segments: the Office Business Unit, the Imaging System Business Unit, and the Industry and Others Business Unit.

Economic environment

Looking back at the global economy in 2012, in the United States there were signs of improvement in employment conditions and housing issues as the economy continued to grow moderately. In Europe, the economic downturn in Southern European countries spread to Germany and other major countries, having a serious impact on the overall European economy. Economic growth in emerging markets such as China and India slowed down somewhat due to lagging exports and the effects of tight monetary policies. In Japan, despite the reconstruction demand seen at the beginning of the year from the previous year’s earthquake in Japan and flooding in Thailand, the economy entered a phase of recession during the latter half of the year due to the slowdown in the global economy and reduced domestic demand. As for the global economy overall, the effects of the European financial crisis were felt worldwide, leading to a widespread slowdown.

Market environment

As for the markets in which Canon operates amid these conditions, while demand for office color MFDs showed growth in Japan and other regions, demand for laser printers remained sluggish mainly in European markets. Demand for interchangeable-lens digital cameras continued to display strong growth across global markets while demand for compact digital cameras shrunk not only in developed countries, but also in China and some emerging nations. Overall demand for inkjet printers also waned due to the weak economy. In the industry and others segment, demand for semiconductor lithography equipment remained restrained due to weak capital investment for memory devices while lithography equipment used in the production of FPD encountered sluggish demand for large-size FPD panels despite the healthy market for mid- and small-size FPD panels used mainly in smartphones and tablet PCs.

The average value of the yen during the year was ¥79.96 against the U.S. dollar, a slight depreciation compared with the previous year, and ¥102.80 against the euro, a year-on-year appreciation of approximately ¥8.

Summary of operations

Owing to the economic slowdown mainly in Europe and the high valuation of the yen against the euro, combined with the cooling off of demand in China during the latter half of the year, the Canon Group faced

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increasingly challenging conditions across all of its businesses. Amid this harsh environment, although Canon continued Group-wide efforts to expand sales, mainly for competitively priced products such as interchangeable-lens digital cameras and office equipment, net sales for the year declined 2.2% to ¥3,479.8 billion. The gross profit ratio declined by 1.4 points year on year to 47.4% due to the significant impact of the strong yen and product mix. Thanks to Group-wide efforts to thoroughly reduce spending such as research and development (“R&D”) expenses, operating expenses decreased by 2.4% to ¥1,326.1 billion. Operating profit decreased 14.3% to ¥323.9 billion. Other income (deductions) achieved a turnaround of ¥22.2 billion owing to an improvement in foreign currency exchange gain, resulting in income before income taxes of ¥342.6 billion, a decrease of 8.5% year on year. Net income attributable to Canon Inc. decreased by 9.7% to ¥224.6 billion from the previous year.

Key performance indicators

The following are the key performance indicators (“KPIs”) that Canon uses in managing its business. The changes from year to year in these KPIs are set forth in the table shown below.

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

	2012			2011			2010			2009			2008
Net sales (Millions of yen)	¥	3,479,788		¥	3,557,433		¥	3,706,901		¥	3,209,201		¥	4,094,161
Gross profit to net sales ratio		47.4	%		48.8	%		48.1	%		44.5	%		47.3	%
R&D expense to net sales ratio		8.5	%		8.7	%		8.5	%		9.5	%		9.1	%
Operating profit to net sales ratio		9.3	%		10.6	%		10.5	%		6.8	%		12.1	%
Inventory turnover measured in days		57 days			46 days			35 days			39 days			47 days
Debt to total assets ratio		0.1	%		0.3	%		0.3	%		0.3	%		0.4	%
Canon Inc. stockholders’ equity to total assets ratio		65.7	%		64.9	%		66.4	%		69.9	%		67.0	%

Note: Inventory turnover measured in days; Inventory divided by net sales for the previous six months, multiplied by 182.5.

-Revenues-

As Canon pursues the goal to become a truly excellent global company, one indicator upon which Canon’s management places strong emphasis is revenue. The following are some of the KPIs related to revenue that management considers to be important.

Net sales is one such KPI. Canon derives net sales primarily from the sale of products and, to a much lesser extent, provision of services associated with its products. Sales vary depending on such factors as product demand, the number and size of transactions within the reporting period, market acceptance for new products, and changes in sales prices. Other factors involved are market share and market environment. In addition, management considers the evaluation of net sales by segment to be important for the purpose of assessing Canon’s sales performance in various segments, taking into account recent market trends.

Gross profit ratio (ratio of gross profit to net sales) is another KPI for Canon. Through its reforms of product development, Canon has been striving to shorten product development lead times in order to launch new, competitively priced products at a faster pace. Furthermore, Canon has further achieved cost reductions through enhancement of efficiency in its production. Canon believes that these achievements have contributed to improving Canon’s gross profit ratio, and will continue pursuing the curtailment of product development lead times and reductions in production costs.

Operating profit ratio (ratio of operating profit to net sales) and R&D expense to net sales ratio are considered to be KPIs by Canon. Canon is focusing on two areas for improvement. Canon is striving to control

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and reduce its selling, general and administrative expenses as its first key point. Secondly, Canon’s R&D policy is designed to maintain a certain level of spending in core technology to sustain Canon’s leading position in its current business areas and to seek possibilities in other markets. Canon believes such investments will create the basis for future success in its business and operations.

-Cash flow management-

Canon also places significant emphasis on cash flow management. The following are the KPIs with regard to cash flow management that Canon’s management believes to be important.

Inventory turnover measured in days is a KPI because it measures the adequacy of supply chain management. Inventories have inherent risks of becoming obsolete, physically damaged or otherwise decreasing significantly in value, which may adversely affect Canon’s operating results. To mitigate these risks, management believes that it is crucial to continue reducing work-in-process inventories by decreasing production lead times in order to promptly recover related product expenses, while balancing risks of supply chain disruptions by optimizing finished goods inventories in order to avoid losing potential sales opportunities.

Canon’s management seeks to meet its liquidity and capital requirements primarily with cash flow from operations. Management also seeks debt-free operations. For a manufacturing company like Canon, it generally takes considerable time to realize profit from a business as the process of R&D, manufacturing and sales has to be followed for success. Therefore, management believes that it is important to have sufficient financial strength so that the Company does not have to rely on external funds. Canon has continued to reduce its dependency on external funds for capital investments in favor of generating the necessary funds from its own operations.

Canon Inc. stockholders’ equity to total assets ratio is another KPI for Canon. Canon believes that its stockholders’ equity to total assets ratio measures its long-term sustainability. Canon also believes that achieving a high or rising stockholders’ equity ratio indicates that Canon has maintained a strong financial position or further improved its ability to fund debt obligations and other unexpected expenses. In the long-term, Canon will be able to maintain a high level of stable investments for its future operations and development. As Canon puts strong emphasis on its R&D activities, management believes that it is important to maintain a stable financial base and, accordingly, a high level of its stockholders’ equity to total assets ratio.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and based on the selection and application of significant accounting policies which require management to make significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include future market conditions, net sales growth rate, gross margin and discount rate. Though Canon believes that the estimates and assumptions are reasonable, actual future results may differ from these estimates and assumptions. Canon believes that the following are the more critical judgment areas in the application of its accounting policies that currently affect its financial condition and results of operations.

Revenue recognition

Canon generates revenue principally through the sale of office and imaging system products, equipment, supplies, and related services under separate contractual arrangements. Canon recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer or services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable.

Revenue from sales of office products, such as office MFDs and laser printers, and imaging system products, such as digital cameras and inkjet printers, is recognized upon shipment or delivery, depending upon when title and risk of loss transfer to the customer.

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Revenue from sales of optical equipment, such as semiconductor lithography equipment and FPD lithography equipment that are sold with customer acceptance provisions related to their functionality, is recognized when the equipment is installed at the customer site and the specific criteria of the equipment functionality are successfully tested and demonstrated by Canon. Service revenue is derived primarily from separately priced product maintenance contracts on equipment sold to customers and is measured at the stated amount of the contract and recognized as services are provided.

Canon also offers separately priced product maintenance contracts for most office products, for which the customer typically pays a stated base service fee plus a variable amount based on usage. Revenue from these service maintenance contracts is measured at the stated amount of the contract and recognized as services are provided and variable amounts are earned.

Revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases is recognized at the inception of the lease. Income on sales-type leases and direct-financing leases is recognized over the life of each respective lease using the interest method. Leases not qualifying as sales-type leases or direct-financing leases are accounted for as operating leases and the related revenue is recognized ratably over the lease term. When equipment leases are bundled with product maintenance contracts, revenue is first allocated considering the relative fair value of the lease and non-lease deliverables based upon the estimated relative fair values of each element. Lease deliverables generally include equipment, financing and executory costs, while non-lease deliverables generally consist of product maintenance contracts and supplies.

For all other arrangements with multiple elements, Canon allocates revenue to each element based on its relative selling price if such element meets the criteria for treatment as a separate unit of accounting. Otherwise, revenue is deferred until the undelivered elements are fulfilled and accounted for as a single unit of accounting.

Canon records estimated reductions to sales at the time of sale for sales incentive programs including product discounts, customer promotions and volume-based rebates. Estimated reductions to sales are based upon historical trends and other known factors at the time of sale. In addition, Canon provides price protection to certain resellers of its products, and records reductions to sales for the estimated impact of price protection obligations when announced.

Estimated product warranty costs are recorded at the time revenue is recognized and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Estimates for accrued product warranty costs are based on historical experience, and are affected by ongoing product failure rates, specific product class failures outside of the baseline experience, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure.

Allowance for doubtful receivables

Allowance for doubtful receivables is determined using a combination of factors to ensure that Canon’s trade and financing receivables are not overstated due to uncollectibility. These factors include the length of time receivables are past due, the credit quality of customers, macroeconomic conditions and historical experience. Also, Canon records specific reserves for individual accounts when Canon becomes aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to Canon, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings or deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position. If circumstances related to customers change, estimates of the recoverability of receivables would be further adjusted.

Valuation of inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined by the average method for domestic inventories and principally the first-in, first-out method for overseas inventories. Market value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make a sale. Canon routinely reviews its inventories for their salability and for indications of

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obsolescence to determine if inventories should be written-down to market value. Judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with establishing such allowances in any accounting period. In estimating the market value of its inventories, Canon considers the age of the inventories and the likelihood of spoilage or changes in market demand for its inventories.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, and acquired intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Determining the fair value of the asset involves the use of estimates and assumptions.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated principally by the declining-balance method, except for certain assets which are depreciated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are instead tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. Canon performs its impairment test of goodwill using the two-step approach at the reporting unit level, which is one level below the operating segment level. All goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit or units that benefit from the synergies arising from each business combination. If the carrying amount assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, Canon performs the second step to measure an impairment charge in the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Determining the fair value of the reporting unit involves the use of estimates and assumptions. Intangible assets with finite useful lives consist primarily of software, license fees, patented technologies and customer relationships. Software and license fees are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, which range from 3 years to 5 years for software and 5 years to 10 years for license fees. Patented technologies are amortized using the straight-line method principally over the estimated useful life of 3 years. Customer relationships are amortized principally using the declining-balance method over the estimated useful life of 5 years.

Income tax uncertainties

Canon considers many factors when evaluating and estimating income tax uncertainties. These factors include an evaluation of the technical merits of the tax positions as well as the amounts and probabilities of the outcomes that could be realized upon settlement. The actual resolutions of those uncertainties will inevitably differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements.

Valuation of deferred tax assets

Canon currently has significant deferred tax assets, which are subject to periodic recoverability assessments. Realization of Canon’s deferred tax assets is principally dependent upon its achievement of projected future taxable income. Canon’s judgments regarding future profitability may change due to future market conditions, its ability to continue to successfully execute its operating restructuring activities and other factors. Any changes in these factors may require possible recognition of significant valuation allowances to reduce the net carrying value of these deferred tax asset balances. When Canon determines that certain deferred tax assets may not be recoverable, the amounts, which may not be realized, are charged to income tax expense and will adversely affect net income.

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Employee retirement and severance benefit plans

Canon has significant employee retirement and severance benefit obligations that are recognized based on actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are key assumptions, including discount rates and expected return on plan assets. Management must consider current market conditions, including changes in interest rates, in selecting these assumptions. Other assumptions include assumed rate of increase in compensation levels, mortality rate, and withdrawal rate. Changes in these assumptions inherent in the valuation are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect future pension expenses. While management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, the differences may affect employee retirement and severance benefit costs in the future.

In preparing its financial statements for fiscal 2012, Canon estimated a weighted-average discount rate of 1.9% for Japanese plans and 4.6% for foreign plans and a weighted-average expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 3.1% for Japanese plans and 5.4% for foreign plans. In estimating the discount rate, Canon uses available information about rates of return on high-quality fixed-income governmental and corporate bonds currently available and expected to be available during the period to the maturity of the pension benefits. Canon establishes the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets based on management’s expectations of the long-term return of the various plan asset categories in which it invests. Management develops expectations with respect to each plan asset category based on actual historical returns and its current expectations for future returns.

Decreases in discount rates lead to increases in actuarial pension benefit obligations which, in turn, could lead to an increase in service cost and amortization cost through amortization of actuarial gain or loss, a decrease in interest cost, and vice versa. For fiscal 2012, a decrease of 50 basis points in the discount rate increases the projected benefit obligation by approximately ¥83,396 million. The net effect of changes in the discount rate, as well as the net effect of other changes in actuarial assumptions and experience, is deferred until subsequent periods.

Decreases in expected returns on plan assets may increase net periodic benefit cost by decreasing the expected return amounts, while differences between expected value and actual fair value of those assets could affect pension expense in the following years, and vice versa. For fiscal 2012, a change of 50 basis points in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets would cause a change of approximately ¥3,725 million in net periodic benefit cost. Canon multiplies management’s expected long-term rate of return on plan assets by the value of its plan assets, to arrive at the expected return on plan assets that is included in pension expense. Canon defers recognition of the difference between this expected return on plan assets and the actual return on plan assets. The net deferral affects future pension expense.

Canon recognizes the funded status (i.e., the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligations) of its pension plans in its consolidated balance sheets, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax.

Consolidated results of operations

Fiscal 2012 compared with fiscal 2011

Summarized results of operations for fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011 are as follows:

	2012		Change			2011
	(Millions of yen, except per share amounts and percentage data)
Net sales	¥	3,479,788		-2.2	%	¥	3,557,433
Operating profit		323,856		-14.3			378,071
Income before income taxes		342,557		-8.5			374,524
Net income attributable to Canon Inc.		224,564		-9.7			248,630
Net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share:
Basic		191.34		-6.4			204.49
Diluted		191.34		-6.4			204.48

Note: See notes to Item 3A “Selected Financial Data”.

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Sales

Canon’s consolidated net sales in fiscal 2012 totaled ¥3,479,788 million, representing a 2.2% decrease from the previous fiscal year. This decrease of net sales was due primarily to economic slowdown mainly in Europe and the high valuation of the yen against the euro combined with the cooling off of demand in China during the latter half of the year. Canon Group faced increasingly challenging conditions across all of its businesses.

Overseas operations are significant to Canon’s operating results and generated 79.3% of total net sales in fiscal 2012. Such sales are denominated in the applicable local currency and are subject to fluctuations in the value of the yen to those currencies. Despite efforts to reduce the impact of currency fluctuations on operating results, including localization of manufacturing in some regions along with procuring parts and materials from overseas suppliers, Canon believes such fluctuations have had and will continue to have a significant effect on its results of operations.

The average value of the yen in fiscal 2012 was ¥79.96 to the U.S. dollar, and ¥102.80 to the euro, representing a slight depreciation to the U.S. dollar, and an appreciation of approximately ¥8 against the euro, compared with the previous year. The effects of foreign exchange rate fluctuations negatively affected net sales by approximately ¥54,300 million in fiscal 2012. This impact consisted of approximately ¥69,200 million of unfavorable impact for euro denominated sales and favorable impact of ¥9,500 million for the U.S. dollar denominated sales and ¥5,400 million for other foreign currency denominated sales.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales principally reflects the cost of raw materials, parts and labor used by Canon in the manufacture of its products. A portion of the raw materials used by Canon is imported or includes imported materials. Many of these raw materials are subject to fluctuations in world market prices accompanied by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates that may affect Canon’s cost of sales. Other components of cost of sales include depreciation expenses, maintenance expenses, light and fuel expenses, and rent expenses. The ratio of cost of sales to net sales for fiscal 2012 and 2011 was 52.6% and 51.2%, respectively.

Gross profit

Canon’s gross profit in fiscal 2012 decreased by 5.0% to ¥1,649,966 million from fiscal 2011. The gross profit ratio declined by 1.4 points year on year to 47.4%. The deteriorated gross profit ratio was mainly the result of such factors as the sharp appreciation of the yen to the euro and falling product prices accompanied by the rise in prices of materials.

Operating expenses

The major components of operating expenses are payroll, R&D, advertising expenses and other marketing expenses. Owing to Group-wide efforts to thoroughly reduce spending, total operating expenses decreased by 2.4% to ¥1,326,110 million in fiscal 2012.

Operating profit

Operating profit in fiscal 2012 decreased 14.3% to a total of ¥323,856 million from fiscal 2011. The ratio of operating profit to net sales decreased 1.3% to 9.3% from fiscal 2011.

Other income (deductions)

Other income (deductions) for fiscal 2012 achieved a turnaround of ¥22,248 million, owing primarily to an improvement in foreign currency exchange gain.

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Income before income taxes

Income before income taxes in fiscal 2012 was ¥342,557 million, a decrease of 8.5% from fiscal 2011, and constituted 9.8% of net sales.

Income taxes

Provision for income taxes in fiscal 2012 decreased by ¥10,303 million from fiscal 2011. The effective tax rate during fiscal 2012 remained consistent with fiscal 2011. The effective tax rate for fiscal 2012 was 32.1%, which was lower than the statutory tax rate in Japan. This was mainly due to the increase in tax credit for R&D expenses.

Net income attributable to Canon Inc.

As a result, net income attributable to Canon Inc. in fiscal 2012 decreased by 9.7% to ¥224,564 million, which represents 6.5% of net sales.

Segment information

Canon divides its businesses into three segments: the Office Business Unit, the Imaging System Business Unit and the Industry and Others Business Unit.

• The Office Business Unit mainly includes office MFDs, office copying machines, personal-use copying machines, laser MFDs, laser printers, digital production printing systems, high speed continuous feed printers, wide-format printers and document solution.

• The Imaging System Business Unit* mainly includes interchangeable-lens digital cameras, compact digital cameras, digital camcorders, digital cinema cameras, interchangeable lenses, inkjet printers, large-format inkjet printers, commercial photo printers, image scanners, broadcast equipment and calculators.

• The Industry and Others Business Unit mainly includes semiconductor lithography equipment, FPD lithography equipment, digital radiography systems,/ ophthalmic equipment, vacuum thin-film deposition equipment, organic LED panel manufacturing equipment, micromotors, computers, handy terminals and document scanners.

* The “Consumer Business Unit” has been renamed the “Imaging System Business Unit” to be more consistent with its strategy to expand the business. This change in segment description has no impact on any financial information of this segment.

Sales by segment

Please refer to the table of sales by segment in Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Canon’s sales by segment are summarized as follows:

	2012			Change			2011
	(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
Office	¥	1,757,575			-8.4	%	¥	1,917,943
Imaging System		1,405,971			+7.2			1,312,044
Industry and Others		407,840			-3.1			420,863
Eliminations		(91,598	)		—			(93,417	)
Total	¥	3,479,788			-2.2	%	¥	3,557,433

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Sales of the Office Business Unit constituting 50.5% of consolidated net sales. Sales volume of both monochrome and color MFDs increased, favored by the continued strong demand for color MFDs, such as imageRUNNER ADVANCE C5000/C2000-series models. As for laser printers, sales volumes declined mainly in Europe due to deterioration in business sentiment. Consequently, combined with the appreciation of the yen, sales for the segment totaled ¥1,757,575 million, a decline of 8.4% in fiscal 2012.

Sales of the Imaging System Business Unit constituting 40.4% of consolidated net sales. Sales of interchangeable-lens digital cameras increased thanks to the competitively priced EOS Rebel series along with the EOS 5D Mark III and EOS 60D advanced-amateur models. As for compact digital cameras, despite the significant deterioration of market conditions, sales volume remained at the same level as the previous year thanks to robust sales of the PowerShot ELPH 110 HS and PowerShot A2300. With respect to inkjet printers, sales volume surpassed that for the year-ago period owing to the early restoration of production following the flooding in Thailand. Furthermore, the company successfully entered new markets with the launch of its CINEMA EOS SYSTEM lineup of professional cinematography products, targeting Hollywood and the broader motion picture and television production market, along with the new DreamLabo 5000, targeting the commercial photo printing market. As a result, amid the effects of the strong yen, sales for the segment increased by 7.2% year on year to ¥1,405,971 million in fiscal 2012.

Sales of the Industry and Others Business Unit constituted 11.7% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2012. Among semiconductor lithography equipment, while sales of i-line steppers remained at the same level as the previous year owing to demand for image sensors and LED elements, sales volume overall decreased due to restrained capital expenditure for memory devices. As for FPD lithography equipment, unit sales dropped substantially in the face of shrinking demand for equipment used in the production of large-size panels, an area in which Canon is particularly strong. Consequently, combined with the appreciation of the yen, sales for the segment totaled ¥407,840 million, a decrease of 3.1% year on year in fiscal 2012.

Intersegment sales of ¥91,598 million, representing 2.6% of total sales, are eliminated from the total sales of the three segments, and are described as “Eliminations”.

Sales by geographic area

Please refer to the table of sales by geographic area in Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

A summary of net sales by geographic area in fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011 is provided below:

	2012		Change			2011
	(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
Japan	¥	720,286		+3.7	%	¥	694,450
Americas		939,873		-2.3			961,955
Europe		1,014,038		-8.9			1,113,065
Asia and Oceania		805,591		+2.2			787,963
Total	¥	3,479,788		-2.2	%	¥	3,557,433

Note: This summary of net sales by geographic area is determined by the location where the product is shipped to the customers.

A geographical analysis indicates that net sales in fiscal 2012 increased in Japan and Asia and Oceania while decreased in Americas and Europe.

In Japan, sales increased by 3.7% in fiscal 2012 supported by the moderate economic recovery.

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In the Americas, despite the admirable sales performance of interchangeable-lens digital cameras and solid growth in MFDs, laser printer market weakness caused sales to decline by 2.3% in fiscal 2012.

In Europe, although interchangeable-lens digital cameras showed solid growth, weak demand for laser printers along with the sharp appreciation of the yen against the euro caused sales to decrease by 8.9% in fiscal 2012.

In Asia and Oceania, although the speed of economic expansion in China slowed down slightly in the latter half of the year, owing to the solid demand for interchangeable-lens digital cameras in emerging economies, net sales increased by 2.2% in fiscal 2012.

Operating profit by segment

Please refer to the table of segment information in Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Operating profit for the Office Business Unit in fiscal 2012 decreased by ¥55,687 million to ¥203,578 million. This decrease resulted from the decrease in sales and appreciation of the yen against the euro.

Operating profit for the Imaging System Business Unit in fiscal 2012 decreased by ¥976 million to ¥210,318 million. This decrease resulted primarily from the appreciation of the yen against the euro.

Operating profit for the Industry and Others Business Unit in fiscal 2012 declined by ¥18,390 million, largely owing to the decrease in sales.

Fiscal 2011 compared with fiscal 2010

Summarized results of operations for fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010 are as follows:

	2011		Change			2010
	(Millions of yen, except per share amounts and percentage data)
Net sales	¥	3,557,433		-4.0	%	¥	3,706,901
Operating profit		378,071		-2.4			387,552
Income before income taxes		374,524		-4.7			392,863
Net income attributable to Canon Inc.		248,630		0.8			246,603
Net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share:
Basic		204.49		2.4			199.71
Diluted		204.48		2.4			199.70

Note: See notes to Item 3A “Selected Financial Data”.

Sales

Canon’s consolidated net sales in fiscal 2011 totaled ¥3,557,433 million, representing a 4.0% decrease from the previous fiscal year. This decrease of sales was owing to the historically high valuation of the yen combined with the effects of the earthquake and floods. All of Canon’s businesses faced extremely demanding conditions throughout the year.

Overseas operations are significant to Canon’s operating results and generated 80.5% of total net sales in fiscal 2011. Such sales are denominated in the applicable local currency and are subject to fluctuations in the value of the yen to those currencies. Despite efforts to reduce the impact of currency fluctuations on operating results, including localization of manufacturing in some regions along with procuring parts and materials from overseas suppliers, Canon believes such fluctuations have had and will continue to have a significant effect on its results of operations.

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The average value of the yen in fiscal 2011 was ¥79.55 to the U.S. dollar, and ¥110.72 to the euro, representing a significant appreciation of about ¥8 or 9% to the U.S. dollar, and an appreciation of approximately ¥4 or 4% against the euro, compared with the previous year. The effects of foreign exchange rate fluctuations negatively affected net sales by approximately ¥161,900 million in 2011. This unfavorable impact consisted of approximately ¥111,600 million for U.S. dollar denominated sales, ¥40,600 million for euro denominated sales and ¥9,700 million for other foreign currency denominated sales.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales principally reflects the cost of raw materials, parts and labor used by Canon in the manufacture of its products. A portion of the raw materials used by Canon is imported or includes imported materials. Many of these raw materials are subject to fluctuations in world market prices accompanied by fluctuations in exchange rates that may affect Canon’s cost of sales. Other components of cost of sales include depreciation expenses from plants, maintenance expenses, light and fuel expenses along with rent expenses. The ratio of cost of sales to net sales for fiscal 2011 and 2010 was 51.2% and 51.9%, respectively.

Gross profit

Canon’s gross profit in fiscal 2011 decreased by 2.6% to ¥1,736,763 million from fiscal 2010. The gross profit ratio, however, rose by 0.7 points year on year to 48.8%. Despite the significant negative impact of the strong yen and the effects of the earthquake and floods, this gross profit ratio improvement was achieved due to the further acceleration of production innovation activities.

Operating expenses

The major components of operating expenses are payroll, R&D, advertising expenses and other marketing expenses. Owing to thorough spending cuts across the Canon Group implemented after the earthquake to control expenses more efficiently, total operating expenses decreased by 2.6% to ¥1,358,692 million in fiscal 2011.

Operating profit

Operating profit in fiscal 2011 decreased 2.4% to a total of ¥378,071 million from fiscal 2010. The ratio of operating profit to net sales increased 0.1% to 10.6% from fiscal 2010.

Other income (deductions)

Other income (deductions) for fiscal 2011 decreased ¥8,858 million to ¥ (3,547) million, mainly due to foreign currency exchange losses and earnings and losses on investments in affiliated companies.

Income before income taxes

Income before income taxes in fiscal 2011 was ¥374,524 million, a decrease of 4.7% from fiscal 2010, and constituted 10.5% of net sales.

Income taxes

Provision for income taxes in fiscal 2011 decreased by ¥19,745 million from fiscal 2010. The effective tax rate during fiscal 2011 dropped by 3.5% compared with fiscal 2010.

Net income attributable to Canon Inc.

As a result, net income attributable to Canon Inc. in fiscal 2011 increased by 0.8% to ¥248,630 million, which represents 7.0% of net sales.

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Segment information

Canon divides its businesses into three segments: the Office Business Unit, the Consumer Business Unit and the Industry and Others Business Unit.

• The Office Business Unit mainly includes office network digital multifunction devices (MFDs), color network digital MFDs, personal-use network digital MFDs, office copying machines, full-color copying machines, personal-use copying machines, laser printers, large format inkjet printers and digital production printers.

• The Consumer Business Unit mainly includes digital SLR cameras, compact digital cameras, interchangeable lenses, digital video camcorders, inkjet multifunction printers, single function inkjet printers, image scanners, broadcast equipment and calculators.

• The Industry and Others Business Unit mainly includes semiconductor lithography equipment, LCD lithography equipment, medical image recording equipment, ophthalmic products, magnetic heads, micromotors, computers, handy terminals and document scanners.

Sales by segment

Please refer to the table of sales by segment in Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Canon’s sales by segment are summarized as follows:

	2011			Change			2010
	(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
Office	¥	1,917,943			-3.5	%	¥	1,987,269
Consumer		1,312,044			-5.7			1,391,327
Industry and Others		420,863			-2.8			432,958
Eliminations		(93,417	)		—			(104,653	)
Total	¥	3,557,433			-4.0	%	¥	3,706,901

Sales of the Office Business Unit constituting 53.9% of consolidated net sales. Sales volume of color and monochrome network digital MFDs continued to increase. As for laser printers, while booming demand in emerging economies fueled steady unit sales growth of primarily monochrome models in the first half of the year, demand slowed in the second half, mainly in European markets. However, the appreciation of the yen also significantly impacted sales for the segment, resulting a decrease in sales by 3.5% to ¥1,917,943 million in fiscal 2011.

Sales of the Consumer Business Unit constituting 36.9% of consolidated net sales. Although Canon was affected by supply shortages caused by the quake and flooding, efforts to ramp up production and boost sales in response to robust demand resulted in significant increases in year-on-year sales volumes for such digital SLR cameras as the competitively priced EOS Digital Rebel T3i/T2i/T3, along with the EOS 5D Mark II and the new EOS 60D advanced-amateur models. As for compact digital cameras, while such models as the PowerShot ELPH 100 HS/300 HS, PowerShot SX230 HS and PowerShot ELPH 310 HS recorded healthy sales, unit sales for the year declined due to sluggish markets in developed countries and the impact on production following the earthquake and floods. With respect to inkjet printers, although the floods in Thailand had a negative impact on production, unit sales increased year on year, largely owing to growth in emerging markets. As a result, sales for the segment, which were also negatively affected by the strong yen, dropped 5.7% in fiscal 2011 to ¥1,312,044 million.

Sales of the Industry and Others Business Unit decreased by 2.8% in fiscal 2011, to ¥420,863 million. Within this segment, i-line steppers recorded healthy sales thanks to active investment in semiconductor lithography equipment for the manufacture of digital semiconductor devices, which are used in smartphones and

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environmentally friendly products. Unit sales of LCD lithography equipment, on the other hand, dropped substantially in the face of shrinking demand for equipment used in the production of large-size panels. Sales of the Industry and Others Business Unit constituted 11.8% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2011.

Intersegment sales of ¥93,417 million, representing 2.6% of total sales, are eliminated from the total sales of the three segments, and are described as “Eliminations”.

Sales by geographic area

Please refer to the table of sales by geographic area in Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

A summary of net sales by geographic area in fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010 is provided below:

	2011		Change			2010
	(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
Japan	¥	694,450		-0.2	%	¥	695,749
Americas		961,955		-6.0			1,023,299
Europe		1,113,065		-5.1			1,172,474
Asia and Oceania		787,963		-3.4			815,379
Total	¥	3,557,433		-4.0	%	¥	3,706,901

Note: This summary of net sales by geographic area is determined by the location where the product is shipped to the customers.

A geographical analysis indicates that net sales in fiscal 2011 decreased in all geographic areas.

In Japan, sales decreased by 0.2% in fiscal 2011.

In the Americas, net sales decreased by 6.0% on yen basis in fiscal 2011, due to foreign currency exchange losses. Net sales in local currency basis increased by 2.5%.

In Europe, net sales decreased by 5.1% on yen basis in fiscal 2011, mainly due to sluggish demand for laser printers.

Sales in Asia and Oceania decreased by 3.4% on a yen basis in fiscal 2011, largely due to shrinking demand for LCD lithography equipment and foreign currency exchange losses.

Operating profit by segment

Please refer to the table of segment information in Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Operating profit for the Office Business Unit in fiscal 2011 decreased by ¥34,057 million to ¥259,265 million. This decrease resulted primarily from the decrease in sales.

Operating profit for the Consumer Business Unit in fiscal 2011 decreased by ¥26,771 million to ¥211,294 million. This decrease resulted primarily from the decrease in sales.

Operating profit for the Industry and Others Business Unit in fiscal 2011 recorded a profit of ¥24,300 million a turnaround from fiscal 2010, largely owing to the improvement of the gross profit ratio.

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Foreign operations and foreign currency transactions

Canon’s marketing activities are performed by subsidiaries in various regions in local currencies, while the cost of sales is generally in yen. Given Canon’s current operating structure, appreciation of the yen has a negative impact on net sales and the gross profit ratio. To reduce the financial risks from changes in foreign exchange rates, Canon utilizes derivative financial instruments, which consist principally of forward currency exchange contracts.

The operating profit on foreign operation sales is usually lower than that from domestic operations because foreign operations consist mainly of marketing activities. Marketing activities are generally less profitable than production activities, which are mainly conducted by the Company and its domestic subsidiaries. Please refer to the table of geographic information in Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

B. Liquidity and capital resources

Cash and cash equivalents in fiscal 2012 decreased by ¥106,549 million to ¥666,678 million, compared with ¥773,227 million in fiscal 2011 and ¥840,579 million in fiscal 2010. Canon’s cash and cash equivalents are typically denominated both in Japanese yen and in U.S. dollar, with the remainder denominated in foreign currencies.

Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2012 decreased by ¥85,485 million from the previous year to ¥384,077 million. Cash flow from operating activities consisted of the following key components: the major component of Canon’s cash inflow is cash received from customers, and the major components of Canon’s cash outflow are payments for parts and materials, selling, general and administrative expenses, R&D expenses and income taxes.

For fiscal 2012, cash inflow from cash received from customers decreased due to the decrease of sales. There were no significant changes in Canon’s collection rates. Cash outflow for payments for parts and materials increased, as a result of our efforts to optimize inventory levels in order to avoid losing potential sales opportunities while simultaneously increasing flexibility in response to unexpected risks and events. This has led to an increase in inventory turnover days. Cash outflow for payments for selling, general and administrative expenses decreased owing to thorough spending cuts across the Canon Group implemented after the earthquake in fiscal 2011 to control expenses more efficiently. Cash outflow for income taxes decreased due to decrease of taxable income.

Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2012 was ¥212,740 million, decreasing by ¥43,803 million from ¥ 256,543 million in fiscal 2011, due to the net effect of increased capital investment focused on boosting production and reducing the amount of time deposits included in short-term investments. The purchases of fixed assets, which totaled ¥316,211 million in fiscal 2012, were focused on items relevant to raising production capacity and reducing production cost.

Canon defines “free cash flow” by deducting the cash flows from investing activities from the cash flows from operating activities. For fiscal 2012, free cash flow totaled ¥171,337 million as compared with ¥213,019 million for fiscal 2011. Canon’s management recognizes that constant and intensive investment in facilities and R&D is required to maintain and strengthen the competitiveness of its products. Canon’s management seeks to meet its capital requirements with cash flow principally earned from its operations. Therefore, its capital resources are primarily sourced from internally generated funds. Accordingly, Canon has included the information with regard to free cash flow as its management frequently monitors this indicator, and believes that such indicator is beneficial to the understanding of investors. Furthermore, Canon’s management believes that this indicator is significant in understanding Canon’s current liquidity and the alternatives of use in financing activities because it takes into consideration its operating and investing activities. Canon refers to this indicator together with relevant U.S. GAAP financial measures shown in its consolidated statements of cash flows and consolidated balance sheets for cash availability analysis.

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Net cash used in financing activities totaled ¥319,739 million in fiscal 2012, mainly resulting from repurchase of treasury stock of ¥149,968 million, and the dividend payout of ¥142,362 million. The Company paid dividends in fiscal 2012 of ¥120.00 per share.

To the extent Canon relies on external funding for its liquidity and capital requirements, it generally has access to various funding sources, including the issuance of additional share capital, long-term debt or short-term loans. While Canon has been able to obtain funding from its traditional financing sources and from the capital markets, and believes it will continue to be able to do so in the future, there can be no assurance that adverse economic or other conditions will not affect Canon’s liquidity or long-term funding in the future.

Short-term loans (including the current portion of long-term debt) amounted to ¥1,866 million at December 31, 2012 compared with ¥8,343 million at December 31, 2011. Long-term debt (excluding the current portion) amounted to ¥2,117 million at December 31, 2012 compared with ¥3,368 million at December 31, 2011.

Canon’s long-term debt mainly consists of lease obligations.

In order to facilitate access to global capital markets, Canon obtains credit ratings from two rating agencies: Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”). In addition, Canon maintains a rating from Rating and Investment Information, Inc. (“R&I”), a rating agency in Japan, for access to the Japanese capital market.

As of March 15, 2013, Canon’s debt ratings are: Moody’s: Aa1 (long-term); S&P: AA (long-term), A-1+ (short-term); and R&I: AA+ (long-term). Canon does not have any rating downgrade triggers that would accelerate the maturity of a material amount of its debt. A downgrade in Canon’s credit ratings or outlook could, however, increase the cost of its borrowings.

Increase in property, plant and equipment on an accrual basis in fiscal 2012 amounted to ¥270,457 million compared with ¥226,869 million in fiscal 2011 and ¥158,976 million in fiscal 2010. For fiscal 2013, Canon projects its increase in property, plant and equipment will be approximately ¥265,000 million.

Employer contributions to Canon’s worldwide defined benefit pension plans were ¥30,421 million in fiscal 2012, ¥30,510 million in fiscal 2011 and ¥21,435 million in fiscal 2010. In addition, employer contributions to Canon’s worldwide defined contribution pension plans were ¥13,021 million in fiscal 2012, ¥12,511 million in fiscal 2011, and ¥11,780 million in fiscal 2010.

Working capital in fiscal 2012 decreased by ¥21,636 million, to ¥1,237,821 million, compared with ¥1,259,457 million in fiscal 2011 and ¥1,233,488 million in fiscal 2010. Canon believes its working capital will be sufficient for its requirements for the foreseeable future. Canon’s capital requirements are primarily dependent on management’s business plans regarding the levels and timing of purchases of fixed assets and investments. The working capital ratio (ratio of current assets to current liabilities) for fiscal 2012 was 2.47 compared to 2.41 for fiscal 2011 and to 2.38 for fiscal 2010.

Return on assets (net income attributable to Canon Inc. divided by the average of total assets) was 5.7% in fiscal 2012, compared to 6.3% in fiscal 2011 and 6.3% in fiscal 2010.

Return on Canon Inc. stockholders’ equity (net income attributable to Canon Inc. divided by the average of total Canon Inc. stockholders’ equity) was 8.7% in fiscal 2012 compared with 9.6% in fiscal 2011 and 9.2% in fiscal 2010.

The debt to total assets ratio was 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.3% as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Canon had short-term loans and long-term debt of ¥3,983 million as of December 31, 2012, ¥11,711 million as of December 31, 2011 and ¥11,331 million as of December 31, 2010.

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C. Research and development, patents and licenses

Year 2012 marks the second year of the Excellent Global Corporation Plan, its 5-year (2011-2015) management plan. The slogan of the fourth phase (“Phase IV”) is “Aiming for the Summit-Speed & Sound Growth” and there are three core strategies related to R&D:

• Achieve the overwhelming No.1 position in all core businesses and expand related and peripheral businesses;

• Develop new business through globalized diversification and establish the Three Regional Headquarters management system; and

• Build the foundations of an environmentally advanced corporation.

Canon has been striving to implement the three R&D related strategies as follows:

• Achieve the overwhelming No.1 position in all core businesses and expand related and peripheral businesses: Continue to introduce competitive products through innovation and aim at gaining profit through solutions and services.

• Develop new business through globalized diversification and establish the Three Regional Headquarters management system: Reinforce the businesses of commercial printing sector, medical imaging sector, industrial equipment sector and security and safety sector to develop into Canon’s new pillars. Seek talents in Japan, US, and Europe to foster promising technologies and enhance R&D capabilities in global-scale dimensions by enabling product development in specialized area of each region, with actively utilizing M&A.

• Build the foundations of an environmentally advanced corporation: Focus on energy- and resource-conserving technologies to create products with the highest environmental performance.

Canon has developed and strengthened relationships with universities and other research institutes, such as Kyoto University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Osaka University, Stanford University, the University of Arizona, the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology to assist with fundamental research and to develop cutting-edge technologies. Additionally, Canon has entered into respective collaborative research agreements with Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) to develop and commercialize unique medical devices.

Canon has fully introduced 3D-CAD systems across the Canon Group, boosting R&D efficiency to curtail product development times and costs. Moreover, Canon enhanced and evolved its simulation, measurement, and analysis technologies by establishing leading-edge facilities, including one of Japan’s highest-performance cluster computers. As such, Canon has succeeded in further reducing the need for prototypes, dramatically lowering costs and shortening product development lead times.

Canon’s consolidated R&D expenses were ¥296,464 million in fiscal 2012, ¥307,800 million in fiscal 2011 and ¥315,817 million in fiscal 2010. The ratios of R&D expenses to the consolidated total net sales for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 were 8.5%, 8.7% and 8.5%, respectively.

Canon believes that new products protected by patents will not easily allow competitors to compete with them, and will give them an advantage in establishing standards in the market and industry. According to the United States patent annual list, released by IFI CLAIMS^® Patent Services, Canon obtained the third greatest number of private sector patents in fiscal 2012.

D. Trend information

Looking at prospects for the global economy, Canon expects the U.S. economy to realize an accelerated recovery and emerging economies such as China to maintain solid growth. Canon believes, however, that European economies are likely to remain sluggish due to the debt crisis. The global economy as a whole is likely,

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Canon thinks, to show moderate growth, while the Japanese economy will likely head into solid recovery driven by the economic reconstruction policy and weakening of the yen against other currencies.

Fiscal 2013 represents the third year of Phase IV (2011–2015) of the Excellent Global Corporation Plan, a year in which Canon will implement various measures and in line with a basic policy Canon has established to implement sharp reforms and achieve sound business growth in the face of the current turbulent business environment.

In order to achieve its targets, Canon has set and will actively pursue the following five priority goals.

• Reinforcing Business by Creating Outstanding Hit Products

Canon aims to develop next-generation products and create business models that take into account the dramatic changes taking place in the market such as the popularization of smartphones and cloud computing. Canon will further reinforce business profitability, realizing timely launches of new products that are of sound development quality leveraging the technology of prototype-less development, and filtering down the selection of products through a process of selection and concentration.

• Securely Launching New Businesses and Achieving Sound Expansion

Canon plans to work to fundamentally strengthen its business, targeting the rapidly growing market for network camera systems. Canon plans to also work to further strengthen its “CINEMA EOS SYSTEM” and boost the profitability of its MR System “MREAL.” Additionally, Canon will take full advantage of M&A opportunities to further broaden the range of its business.

• Thoroughly Strengthening Sales in Accordance with Respective Market Characteristics

In the office products domain, Canon plans to leverage its integration with sales subsidiaries of Océ N.V. to thoroughly strengthen direct sales and the solution and service business, while in the consumer products domain, Canon plans to strengthen sales in emerging markets and launch products suited to the country’s or region’s market characteristics in order to achieve sales expansion that is higher than economic growth.

• Relentlessly Pursuing Cost Reductions and Accelerating Optimization of Global Production

Canon plans to accelerate the application of automated and robot-based production. Canon plans to also expand its application of in-house production, which has focused mainly on key components, to include general parts and molds, and production equipment. Additionally, Canon plans to promote a globally optimized production structure through agile production strategies always suited to the characteristics of each global base.

• Concentrating on Cultivation of Technological Themes that Lead the Way to the Future

Canon plans to accelerate innovation by further filtering down key themes and concentrating resources to obtain a steady stream of basic patents.

Office Business Unit

In 2012, Canon was able to maintain its revenue from sales of MFDs, services and solutions despite a strong yen and the deceleration of the global economy. The consolidation of Océ N.V has brought many strategic assets to Canon, including expertise, resources and innovation.

The importance of connectivity, systems integration, business-workflow and web services continues to grow in the office imaging space and such added value is increasingly offered together with MFDs, printers and other hardware products as customer solutions. Canon seeks to maintain its leading position in these core markets.

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In 2012, Canon expanded its offering with the launch of the imageRUNNER ADVANCE 4000, 6200, 8200 and imageRUNNER ADVANCE C5200 series and Océ VarioPrint 110/125/135, which are monochrome digital presses jointly developed with Océ N.V. As for Production Printing Product (PPP), Canon strengthened its innovation capabilities in business services to accelerate the development of higher added value services as well as continued to invest in new products in order to expand its business in existing and new markets. To enter the Poster print market, Canon launched a new wide format printer, the ColorWave 650. Canon also introduced InfiniStream, which enables the vision of high-volume just-in-time production of customized folding cartons, with the industry’s fastest liquid toner technology. As for solutions Canon introduced imageWARE Desktop Version 3, a software program that enhances the imageRUNNER ADVANCE ecosystem by enabling seamless document management. Canon also launched new service offerings for the Canon Business Imaging Online, Canon’s unique cloud-based platform, while joining forces with major players in the technology industry. To maintain and enhance its competitive edge and to meet increasingly sophisticated customer demands, Canon plans to continue reinforcing its hardware and software product lineups and solutions capability.

Although there is heightened uncertainty about the future of the laser printer market with the ongoing economic downturn in Europe and the deceleration of growth in emerging markets, Canon’s laser printer business continues to occupy a large share and strong position in the market. In the monochrome laser printer market, the transition to a low price segment is expected to expand sales in the micro office/home office market and in emerging markets. Canon expects an expansion in the color laser printer market to be driven by increasing demand for color printing. Moreover, Canon plans to aggressively launch new products in the MFDs market and to drive Canon’s business growth.

However, Canon is experiencing fierce competition with competitors focused on the laser printer market and an eventual decline in sales prices is becoming a major threat. Growth of the tablet PC and smartphone market, which affects users’ printing behavior and may also lead to a decrease in demand for printing, is becoming a new threat.

In response, Canon aims to promote technological developments in order to introduce in a timely manner competitive products across the office business unit, and to pursue business efficiency through continuous cost reduction and optimization of its supply chain.

Imaging System Business Unit

The demand for high-resolution digital photos remained high, and as a result the interchangeable lens digital camera market continued to show robust growth in 2012. By market category, growth remained strong in developed countries, and was particularly robust in Asia outside Japan and other emerging markets, which contributed to overall global growth in the imaging system business unit. By product category, the digital single-lens-reflex (“SLR”) camera market showed steady growth, while mirrorless cameras represented a new category stimulating consumer demand.

In terms of interchangeable lens digital cameras, on top of the need for higher resolution and more compact and lightweight sizes, there is also consumer demand for video recording functions which manufacturers are meeting with a full high definition (HD) format, which is becoming a standard feature. Canon believes there remains considerable room for future growth in this category through development of new products based on state-of-the-art technology. In emerging markets, sales volumes of interchangeable lens digital cameras are still increasing rapidly.

As for the interchangeable lens market, interchangeable lens digital cameras have made dramatic advances in popularity, and further growth is expected in the future. Canon will continue to endeavor to market products that meet customer needs, such as lenses equipped with an image stabilization function, so as to expand sales and market share.

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Overall, the compact digital camera market shrank year-on-year due to ongoing economic stagnation and the rapid growth of tablet PCs and smartphones. However, Canon’s position in the compact market improved such that Canon now maintains a higher market share compared to the previous fiscal year.

In the digital camera market, Canon faced intense price competition. This combined with the value of the yen remaining at historical highs throughout most of 2012, placed serious constraints on Canon’s profit margins. Throughout the industry, there has been a strong tendency toward reliance on EMS (electronic manufacturing services), and intense price competition is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. Canon’s strategies to address these challenges include boosting the added value of products, pressing forward with 100% internal production leveraging the economies of scale that come with being the industry leader, and building an optimum cost structure to combat the pressures that might return should the yen strengthen again.

The main recording media for digital camcorders has become flash memory and the shift from SD to HD is ongoing. The market for conventional camcorders has been shrinking primarily because many popular devices include a movie function. On the other hand, new categories like web cameras and action cameras are emerging and expanding. Canon aims to expand sales in this market with a robust product lineup including higher added value based around Canon’s distinctive high-definition, high-resolution technologies also found in Canon’s professional line. Canon plans to expand lineup of “CINEMA EOS SYSTEM” in the business-use digital video camcorder field. CINEMA EOS SYSTEM consists of new interchangeable lens digital cinema camcorders, EF Lenses and new EF Cinema Lenses. Canon is widely aiming to solidify its top position in the motion picture production market by introducing a new series of interchangeable lens cinema camcorders and cinema lenses to the market not only cinema but also broadcast, sports, documentary, etc. as the CINEMA EOS SYSTEM.

In 2012, Canon experienced robust growth in the field of projectors for business applications, and in particular brighter, installation type projectors. In this installation market, Canon launched the new install-type WUX5000, WX6000 and SX6000 with great success in 2012. Moving forward, Canon expects to extend its competitive product lineup based around the optical technology on which the company prides itself, and push for expanded sales.

In the field of network cameras for industrial surveillance and management applications, the fiscal year 2012 achieved double-digit growth. The four HD-compatible products Canon launched in the second half of 2011 have increased the importance of mega-pixels and image analysis and also achieved significant growth in terms of both units sold and monetary amount.

In the broadcast TV lens market, gradual market expansion has continued due to market growth in emerging economies although demand arising from the switchover to high-definition broadcast formats in developed countries dropped off. Despite the economic slump in Europe, the slowdown of exports to China and the progressive lowering of equipment prices, Canon still has a large share of the TV lens market with high value-added products. Canon’s successful introduction in 2012 of a new field lens for international level sporting events contributed to increased revenue.

In 2012, the consumer inkjet printer market declined compared to 2011, due to a worldwide economic downturn and competitor’s withdrawal from the business. Vendors introduced new product functions which make it easy to print from smartphone, tablet PC and the cloud computing environment, as well as functions which improve operability for users.

Such vendors also expanded their lineup of products from conventional home use to emerging market and business area use.

The large-format inkjet printer market decreased slightly in 2012 from the previous year, amid the situation of dropping in capital spending caused by the downturn in the European economy and the slowdown of the growth rate in the Asian economy. In this environment, Canon was able to increase sales of large-format inkjet

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printer units in 2012 compared to 2011. In the first quarter of 2012, Canon was unable to supply enough units to the market primarily as a result of supply delays caused by the floods in Thailand. However, owing to a keen focus on recovering production quickly, Canon has been able to exceed unit sales levels for each quarter from the second quarter of 2012 compared to the same quarter in the prior year. Because the overall market declined in 2012, Canon was accordingly able to increase its share of the market. Canon increased the unit sales of large-format inkjet printers in part by launching new products for the graphic art market and expanding sales channels.

Industry and Others Business Unit

In fiscal 2012, the market for semiconductor lithography equipment decreased approximately 30% from the previous year. In the memory segment, equipment investment by chip makers remained low primarily because supply continued to outweigh demand. However, image sensor, logic device and automotive device makers steadily increased their equipment investments, drawn by the growing market for smartphones, tablet PCs and hybrid cars. At the same time, some manufacturers started to invest in i-line steppers for small diameter wafers used in power devices and LEDs, as well as for new markets such as 3D mountings for through silicon Via (TSV).

As a result, Canon’s shipments of semiconductor lithography equipment in 2012 slightly decreased from the previous year. Shipments for memory makers remained low while i-line steppers for image sensor production enjoyed brisk sales. In addition, Canon released new i-line stepper FPA-3030i5+ suitable for the production of the green devices such as LEDs and power devices, which currently occupies a high share of automotive device and LEDs markets. Canon also released new KrF stepper FPA-6300ES6a with greatly improved productivity compared to conventional equipment.

In 2012, the market for FPD lithography equipment generally slowed because of a deterioration of panel makers’ earnings. Overall the market for 8th generation large-sized panel production declined 60% from the previous year while the market for 5.5-6th generation small-to-mid-sized panel production maintained high growth due to the brisk market of smartphones and tablet PCs.

As a result, Canon’s shipments of FPD lithography equipment decreased from the previous year primarily due to decline in the market for large-sized panels, where Canon is particularly competitive, and the delay in the development of new products for small-to-mid-sized panels, for which the market has maintained a healthy growth.

Canon expects FPD lithography equipment investments by panel makers to recover in 2013 mainly led by Chinese makers. Canon aims to turn around the market share by revamping its product lineup including products for small-to-mid-sized panels.

In the medical equipment business, the digital radiography (DR) market continued to expand in 2012, mainly in the emerging markets such as Asia. Moreover, the digital systems market of developed countries continued to experience a rapid transition from the digitalization format of computed radiography (CR) to the newest DR format. While competition increased with a growing number of new players, the target market of Canon DR products showed steady growth.

As a result, Canon accelerated sales of Canon’s static DR products; CXDI-401C/G, CXDI-401C/G COMPACT, CXDI-501C/G, and CXDI-80C Wireless, all launched in fiscal year 2011, led the revenue increase for fiscal year 2012. Canon’s dynamic DR product, CXDI-50RF, also recorded consistent sales growth, contributing to the overall sales expansion in DR business.

Regarding the ophthalmic products, the optical coherence tomography (“OCT”) market continued to expand in 2012, and Canon expects a further increase in both volume and competition in the market. In the OCT market, Canon launched the first Canon-brand OCT, OCT HS-100, in September 2012. This product was the result of collaboration with Optopol Technology, S.A. (Poland), a Canon Group consolidated subsidiary since 2010.

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Canon’s fiscal year 2012 ophthalmic product sales were supported by increased sales of TX-20/TX-20P a full auto tonometer and CR-2 Plus high-end non-mydriatic retinal camera, both released in 2011, and RK-F2, a full auto refkeratometer released in 2012.

With the addition of OCT to Canon’s product portfolio, Canon strives to further increase sales in the ophthalmic equipment market.

Sales of document scanners manufactured by Canon Electronics Inc. recovered in North America in addition to brisk sales in China, India and other Asian countries. As a result, overall unit sales increased.

Sales of organic LED panel manufacturing equipment made by Canon Tokki Corporation recorded steady sales from aggressive capital investment by organic LED panel manufacturers on the back of increasing demand for smartphones and tablet PCs.

Sales of film deposition equipment, made by Canon ANELVA Corporation, for magnetic heads and hard discs fell due to the weak PC market, while sales of semiconductor film deposition equipment significantly increased as demand for semiconductor devices used in smartphones was robust.

Although sales of die bonders manufactured by Canon Machinery Inc. decreased due to slow capital investment by semiconductor manufacturers, sales of equipment related to secondary batteries used in automobiles and smartphones increased.

E. Off-balance sheet arrangements

As part of its ongoing business, Canon does not participate in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Canon provides guarantees for bank loans of its employees, affiliates and other companies. Canon would have to perform under a guarantee if the borrower defaults on a payment within the contract periods of 1 year to 30 years in the case of employees with housing loans, and 1 year to 10 years in the case of affiliates and other companies. The maximum amount of undiscounted payments Canon would have had to make in the event of default by all borrowers was ¥13,333 million at December 31, 2012. The carrying amounts of the liabilities recognized for Canon’s obligations as a guarantor under those guarantees at December 31, 2012 were insignificant.

F. Contractual obligations

The following summarizes Canon’s contractual obligations at December 31, 2012.

			Payments Due By Period
	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
	(Millions of yen)
Contractual obligations:
Long-Term Debt:
Capital Lease Obligations	¥	3,535	¥	1,503	¥	1,775	¥	243	¥	14
Other Long-Term Debt		129		44		35		30		20
Operating Lease Obligations		75,807		25,101		27,808		13,152		9,746
Purchase commitments for:
Property, Plant and Equipment		39,520		39,520		—		—		—
Parts and Raw Materials		65,311		65,311		—		—		—
Other long-term liabilities
Contribution to Defined Benefit Pension Plans		40,064		40,064		—		—		—
Total	¥	224,366	¥	171,543	¥	29,618	¥	13,425	¥	9,780

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Note: The table does not include provisions for uncertain tax positions and related accrued interest and penalties, as the specific timing of future payments related to these obligations cannot be projected with reasonable certainty. See Note 12, Income Taxes in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further details. Contribution to defined benefit pension plans reflects the expected amount only for the next fiscal year, since contributions beyond the next fiscal year are not currently determinable due to uncertainties related to changes in actuarial assumptions, returns on plan assets and changes to plan membership.

Canon provides warranties of generally less than one year against defects in materials and workmanship on most of its consumer products. Estimated product warranty related costs are established at the time revenue are recognized and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Estimates for accrued product warranty costs are primarily based on historical experience, and are affected by ongoing product failure rates, specific product class failures outside of the baseline experience, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. As of December 31, 2012, accrued product warranty costs amounted to ¥12,163 million.

At December 31, 2012, commitments outstanding for the purchase of property, plant and equipment were approximately ¥39,520 million, and commitments outstanding for the purchase of parts and raw materials were approximately ¥65,311 million, both for use in the ordinary course of its business. Canon anticipates that funds needed to fulfill these commitments will be generated internally through operations.

During fiscal 2013, Canon expects to contribute ¥18,610 million to its Japanese defined benefit pension plans and ¥21,454 million to its foreign defined benefit pension plans.

Canon’s management believes that current financial resources, cash generated from operations and Canon’s potential capacity for additional debt and/or equity financing will be sufficient to fund current and future capital requirements.

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Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

A. Directors and senior management

Directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members of the Company as of March 28, 2013 and their respective business experience are listed below.

Name (Date of birth)	Position (Group executive/function)	Date of commencement		Business experience (*current position/function)
Fujio Mitarai	Chairman & CEO		4/1961	Entered the Company
(Sept. 23, 1935)			1/1979	President of Canon U.S.A., Inc.
			3/1981	Director
			3/1985	Managing Director
			1/1989	In charge of HQ administration
			3/1989	Senior Managing Director
			3/1993	Executive Vice President
			9/1995	President & CEO
			3/2006	Chairman of the Board & President & CEO
			5/2006	Chairman & CEO*
Toshizo Tanaka	Executive Vice President & CFO		4/1964	Entered the Company
(Oct. 8, 1940)	(Group Executive of Finance & Accounting HQ,  Group Executive of Facilities Management HQ )		1/1992	Deputy Group Executive of Finance & Accounting HQ
			3/1995	Director
			4/1995	Group Executive of Finance & Accounting HQ
			3/1997	Managing Director
			3/2001	Senior Managing Director
			1/2007	Group Executive of Policy and Economy Research HQ
			3/2007	Executive Vice President & Director
			3/2008	Executive Vice President & CFO*
			1/2010	Group Executive of General Affairs HQ
			3/2010	Group Executive of External Relations HQ
			4/2011	Group Executive of Finance & Accounting HQ*
			4/2012	Group Executive of Facilities Management HQ*
Toshiaki Ikoma (Mar. 5, 1941)	Executive Vice President & CTO (Group Executive of Corporate R&D HQ)		4/1982	Professor of Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo
			2/1997	President of Texas Instruments Japan Limited
			2/2002	Chairman of the Board of Texas Instruments Japan Limited
			10/2004	Director-General of Center for Research and Development Strategy (CRDS), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
			4/2005	Entered the Company
				Adviser of the Company
			12/2008	President of Canon Foundation*
			1/2009	Group Executive of Corporate R&D HQ*
			3/2009	Director, Executive Vice President & CTO
			7/2009	Chief Executive of Optical Products Operations
			3/2011	Executive Vice President & CTO*

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Name (Date of birth)	Position (Group executive/function)	Date of commencement		Business experience (*current position/function)
Kunio Watanabe (Oct. 3, 1944)	Executive Vice President (Group Executive of Corporate Planning Development HQ)		4/1969	Entered the Company
			4/1995	Group Executive of Corporate Planning Development HQ*
			3/1999	Director
			3/2003	Managing Director
			1/2007	Deputy Group Executive of Policy and Economy Research HQ
			3/2008	Senior Managing Director
			3/2012	Executive Vice President*
Yoroku Adachi (Jan. 11, 1948)	Senior Managing Director		4/1970	Entered the Company
			3/2001	Chairman of Canon Singapore Pte. Ltd.
				Chairman of Canon Hong Kong Co., Ltd.
				Director
			4/2001	President of Canon (China) Co., Ltd.
			3/2005	Managing Director
			4/2005	President of Canon U.S.A., Inc.*
			3/2009	Senior Managing Director*
Yasuo Mitsuhashi (Nov. 23, 1949)	Senior Managing Director (Chief Executive of Peripheral Products HQ)		4/1974	Entered the Company
			2/2001	Chief Executive of Chemical Products HQ
			3/2001	Director
			4/2003	Chief Executive of Peripheral Products HQ*
			3/2005	Managing Director
			3/2009	Senior Managing Director*
			4/2009	Chief Executive of Chemical Products Operations
Shigeyuki Matsumoto	Senior Managing Director (Group Executive of Device Technology Development HQ)		4/1977	Entered the Company
(Nov. 15, 1950)			1/2002	Group Executive of Device Technology Development HQ*
			3/2004	Director
			3/2007	Managing Director
			3/2011	Senior Managing Director*
Toshio Honma	Senior Managing Director (Group Executive of Global Procurement HQ)		4/1972	Entered the Company
(Mar. 10, 1949)			4/2001	Deputy Chief Executive of i Printer Products HQ
			3/2003	Director
			4/2003	Group Executive of Business Promotion HQ
			7/2003	Group Executive of L Printer Business Promotion HQ
			1/2007	Chief Executive of L Printer Products HQ
			3/2008	Managing Director
			3/2012	Senior Managing Director*
				Group Executive of Global Procurement HQ*

55

Name (Date of birth)	Position (Group executive/function)	Date of commencement		Business experience (*current position/function)
Masaki Nakaoka	Senior Managing Director		4/1975	Entered the Company
(Jan. 3, 1950)	(Chief Executive of Office Imaging Products HQ)		4/2001	Deputy Chief Executive of Office Imaging Products HQ
			3/2004	Director
			4/2005	Chief Executive of Office Imaging Products HQ*
			3/2008	Managing Director
			3/2012	Senior Managing Director*
Haruhisa Honda	Senior Managing Director		4/1974	Entered the Company
(Oct. 14, 1948)	(Group Executive of Production Engineering HQ)		4/2003	Deputy Chief Executive of Chemical Products HQ
			3/2004	Director
			4/2004	Chief Executive of Chemical Products Operations
			3/2007	Group Executive of Production Engineering HQ
			3/2008	Managing Director
			4/2010	Group Executive of Manufacturing HQ
			7/2011	Group Executive of Production Engineering HQ*
			3/2012	Senior Managing Director*
Hideki Ozawa (Apr. 28, 1950)	Managing Director		4/1973	Entered Canon Sales Co., Inc. (renamed Canon Marketing Japan Inc.)
			7/1980	Entered the Company
			4/2005	President of Canon (China) Co., Ltd.*
			3/2007	Director
			3/2010	Managing Director*
Masaya Maeda	Managing Director		4/1975	Entered the Company
(Oct. 17, 1952)	(Chief Executive of Image Communication Products HQ)		1/2006	Group Executive of Digital Imaging Business Group
			3/2007	Director
			4/2007	Chief Executive of Image Communications Products HQ*
			3/2010	Managing Director*
Yasuhiro Tani	Director		4/1980	Entered the Company
(Jul. 30, 1956)	(Group Executive of Digital System Technology Development HQ)		1/2008	Group Executive of Digital Platform Technology Development HQ
			4/2008	Executive Officer
			3/2011	Director*
			7/2012	Group Executive of Digital System Technology Development HQ*
Makoto Araki	Director		4/1978	Entered the Company
(Jul. 16, 1954)	(Group Executive of Information & Communication Systems HQ)		10/2009	Group Executive of Information & Communication Systems HQ*
			4/2010	Executive Officer
			3/2011	Director*

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Name (Date of birth)	Position (Group executive/function)	Date of commencement		Business experience (*current position/function)
Hiroyuki Suematsu	Director		4/1980	Entered the Company
(Nov. 15, 1955)	(Group Executive of Quality Management HQ)		4/2007	Chief Executive of Chemical Products Operations
			4/2008	Executive Officer
			4/2009	Deputy Chief Executive of Chemical Products Operations
			1/2010	Deputy Chief Executive of Peripheral Products Operations
			3/2012	Director*
				Group Executive of Quality Management HQ
				Group Executive of Environment HQ
			4/2012	Group Executive of Environment & Quality HQ
			1/2013	Group Executive of Quality Management HQ*
Shigeyuki Uzawa	Director		12/1986	Entered the Company
(Jan. 30, 1953)	(Chief Executive of Optical Products Operations)		7/2009	Group Executive of Semiconductor Production Equipment Operations
			4/2010	Executive Officer
			7/2010	Deputy Chief Executive of Optical Products Operations
			1/2011	Chief Executive of Optical Products Operations*
			3/2012	Director*
Kenichi Nagasawa	Director		4/1981	Entered the Company
(Jan. 31, 1959)	(Group Executive of Corporate Intellectual Property and Legal HQ)		3/2010	Deputy Group Executive of Corporate Intellectual Property and Legal HQ
			4/2010	Executive Officer
				Group Executive of Corporate Intellectual Property and Legal HQ*
			3/2012	Director*
Naoji Otsuka	Director		4/1981	Entered the Company
(Apr. 24, 1958)	(Chief Executive of Inkjet Products Operations)		1/2010	Group Executive of Inkjet Products Development Group
			4/2011	Executive Officer
				Deputy Chief Executive of Inkjet Products Operations
			3/2012	Director*
				Chief Executive of Inkjet Products Operations*
Masanori Yamada	Director		4/1981	Entered the Company
(Jul. 3, 1954)	(Group Executive of Network Visual Solution Business Promotion HQ)		4/2008	Executive Officer
				Deputy Chief Executive of Office Imaging Products HQ
			4/2012	Senior Executive Officer
			1/2013	Group Executive of Network Visual Solution Business Promotion HQ*
			3/2013	Director*

57

Name (Date of birth)	Position (Group executive/function)	Date of commencement		Business experience (*current position/function)
Aitake Wakiya	Director		4/1979	Entered the Company
(Nov. 8, 1955)	(Deputy Group Executive of Finance & Accounting HQ)		4/2011	Deputy Group Executive of Finance & Accounting HQ*
			4/2012	Executive Officer
			3/2013	Director*
Kazuto Ono	Director		4/1980	Entered the Company
(Jul. 20, 1957)	(Group Executive of Human Resources Management & Organization HQ)		5/2011	Senior General Manager of Finance & Accounting HQ
			4/2012	Executive Officer
				Group Executive of Human Resources Management & Organization HQ*
			3/2013	Director*
Shunji Onda (Mar. 13, 1950)	Audit & Supervisory Board Member		4/1972	Entered Canon Sales Co., Inc. (renamed Canon Marketing Japan Inc.)
			7/1980	Entered the Company
			4/2004	Senior General Manager of Optical Products Business Administration Center
			3/2006	Director
			4/2006	Deputy Group Executive of Finance & Accounting HQ
			4/2007	Group Executive of Global Procurement HQ
			3/2010	Audit & Supervisory Board Member*
Kengo Uramoto (Aug. 23, 1953)	Audit & Supervisory Board Member		4/1978	Entered the Company
			10/2007	Deputy Group Executive of Human Resources Management & Organization HQ
			4/2008	Executive Officer
				Group Executive of Human Resources Management & Organization HQ
			1/2009	Deputy Group Executive of Human Resources Management & Organization HQ
			4/2010	Group Executive of Human Resources Management & Organization HQ
			3/2012	Audit & Supervisory Board Member*
Tadashi Ohe (May 20, 1944)	Audit & Supervisory Board Member		4/1969	Registration as a lawyer*
			4/1989	Instructor of Judicial Research and Training Institute
			3/1994	Audit & Supervisory Board Member*
Kazunori Watanabe (Oct. 9, 1950)	Audit & Supervisory Board Member		9/1978	Registration as a Certified Public Accountant*
			8/2008	Senior Executive of Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC
			3/2010	Audit & Supervisory Board Member*

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Name (Date of birth)	Position (Group executive/function)	Date of commencement		Business experience (*current position/function)
Kuniyoshi Kitamura (Apr. 8, 1956)	Audit & Supervisory Board Member		4/1981	Entered The Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Co.
			4/2002	General Manager of Network Service Management Department of
				The Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Co.
			4/2004	General Manager of Corporate Relations Department No.2 of
				The Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Co.
			4/2006	General Manager of Research Department of
				The Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Co.
			11/2007	General Manager of Corporate Planning Department No.2 of
				The Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Co.
			4/2009	General Manager of Corporate Relations Department No.8 of
				The Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Co.
			3/2010	Audit & Supervisory Board Member*

Term

All directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members are elected by the shareholders at their general meeting.

Tadashi Ohe, Kazunori Watanabe and Kuniyoshi Kitamura, are outside Audit & Supervisory Board Members as stipulated in Item16, Article 2 of the Corporation Law of Japan. The term of office of directors is one year. The current term of all directors expires in March 2013. The term of office of Audit & Supervisory Board Members is four years. The current term for Tadashi Ohe expires in March 2015, and the current term for Shunji Onda, Kazunori Watanabe and Kuniyoshi Kitamura, who were elected in the general meeting of shareholders in March 2010, expires in March 2014, and the current term for Kengo Uramoto, who was elected in the general meeting of shareholders in March 2012, expires in March 2016.

Board members and Audit & Supervisory Board Members may serve any number of consecutive terms.

There is no arrangement or understanding between any director or Audit & Supervisory Board Member and any major shareholder, customer, supplier or other material stakeholders in connection with the selection of such director or Audit & Supervisory Board Member.

Board of Directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members

The Company’s articles of incorporation provide for a board of directors of not more than 30 members and for not more than five Audit & Supervisory Board Members. Currently the number of board members is 21 and the number of Audit & Supervisory Board Members is five. There is no maximum age limit for members of the board. Board members and Audit & Supervisory Board Members may be removed from office at any time by a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders.

The board of directors has ultimate responsibility for the administration of the Company’s affairs. By resolution, the board of directors designates, from among its members, representative directors who have authority individually to represent the Company generally in the conduct of its affairs.

Under the Corporation Law of Japan, board members must refrain from engaging in any business competing with the Company unless approved by a board resolution, and no board member may vote on a proposal, arrangement or contract in which that board member is deemed to be materially interested.

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The Corporation Law of Japan requires a resolution of the board of directors for a company to acquire or dispose of material assets, to borrow substantial amounts of money, to employ or discharge important employees such as corporate officers, and to establish, change or abolish material corporate organizations such as a branch office.

The Audit & Supervisory Board Members are not required to be certified public accountants, although Kazunori Watanabe is a certified public accountant. At least half of the Audit & Supervisory Board Members must be persons who have not been either board members or employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. An Audit & Supervisory Board Member may not at the same time be a board member or an employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The Audit & Supervisory Board Members have the statutory duty of examining the Company’s financial statements and the Company’s business reports to be submitted annually by the board of directors at the general meetings of shareholders and of reporting their opinions to the shareholders. They also have the statutory duty of supervising the administration by the board members of the Company’s affairs. They shall participate in the meetings of the board of directors but are not entitled to vote.

The Audit & Supervisory Board Members constitute the Audit & Supervisory Board. Under the Corporation Law of Japan, the Audit & Supervisory Board has a statutory duty to prepare and submit its audit report to the board of directors each year. An Audit & Supervisory Board member may note an opinion in the auditor report if an Audit & Supervisory Board member’s opinion is different from the opinion expressed in the audit report. The Audit & Supervisory Board is empowered to establish audit principles, the method of examination by Audit & Supervisory Board Members of the Company’s affairs and financial position and other matters concerning the performance of the Audit & Supervisory Board Members’ duties. The Company does not have an audit committee.

The amount of remuneration payable to the Company’s board members as a group and that of the Company’s Audit & Supervisory Board Members as a group in respect of a fiscal year is subject to approval by a general meeting of shareholders. Within those authorized amounts, the compensation for each board member and Audit & Supervisory Board Member is determined by the board of directors and a consultation with the Audit & Supervisory Board Members, respectively. The Company does not have a remuneration committee.

Under the Corporation Law of Japan and the Company’s articles of incorporation, the board of directors may, by resolution, release current and former directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members from liability for damages resulting from negligence in the fulfillment of their respective duties to the extent permitted by law. Furthermore, the Company may enter into contracts with outside Audit & Supervisory Board Members limiting their liability for damages resulting from negligence in the fulfillment of their respective duties in an amount consistent with the limitation stipulated by law.

In fiscal 2004, Canon established a standing committee, the Internal Control Committee, with the president appointed as chairman of the group. The Internal Control Committee has built a highly effective internal control system unique to Canon, which not only serves to ensure the reliability of the Company’s financial reporting, but also aims to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of its business operations, as well as compliance with related laws, regulations and internal controls.

Additionally, in fiscal 2005, the Disclosure Committee was established with the president appointed as chairman. This committee was formed to ensure that Canon is not only in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, but also to ensure that information disclosed to shareholders and capital markets is both correct and comprehensive.

Executive Officer System

Canon adopted an Executive Officer System effective April 1, 2008. Executive Officers are appointed and discharged by the Board of Directors and have a term of office of one year. Taking into consideration growth in

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the scope of its business activities, Canon recognizes the need to bolster its management execution structure. By promoting capable human resources with accumulated executive knowledge across specific business areas, the Company is endeavoring to realize more flexible and efficient management operations. To this end, Canon intends to gradually increase the number of Executive Officers and further solidify its management systems.

Executive Officers of the Company appointed by the Board of Directors meeting held on January 30, 2013, whom are expected to take the assignment on April 1, 2013, are listed below.

Name	Position	(Group executive/function)
Sachio Kageyama	Senior Executive Officers	Group Executive of Global Manufacturing HQ
Akio Noguchi	Senior Executive Officers	Deputy Chief Executive of Peripheral Products HQ
Seymour Liebman	Senior Executive Officers	Executive Vice President of Canon U.S.A., Inc.
Masato Okada	Executive Officers	Deputy Chief Executive of Image Communication Products HQ
Akiyoshi Kimura	Executive Officers	Deputy Chief Executive of Office Imaging Products HQ
Kazuto Ogawa	Executive Officers	President of Canon Canada Inc.
Kenji Kobayashi	Executive Officers	President of Canon France S.A.S
Ryuichi Ebinuma	Executive Officers	Deputy Group Executive of Corporate R&D HQ
Rokus van Iperen	Executive Officers	President of Canon Europa N.V. and Canon Europe Ltd.
Yuichi Ishizuka	Executive Officers	Executive Vice President of Canon U.S.A., Inc.
Kazuhiko Noguchi	Executive Officers	Group Executive of External Relations HQ
Eiji Osanai	Executive Officers	Deputy Group Executive of Production Engineering HQ
Hiroaki Takeishi	Executive Officers	Group Executive of Semiconductor Production Equipment Group
Nobutoshi Mizusawa	Executive Officers	Group Executive of R&D Project Group
Yoichi Iwabuchi	Executive Officers	Senior General Manager of Software Platform Technology Development Center

B. Compensation

In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, Canon pays an aggregate of approximately ¥2,187 million to its directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members. This amount includes bonuses, stock options and retirement allowances.

Directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members are not covered by the Company’s retirement program. However, in accordance with customary Japanese business practices, directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members receive lump-sum retirement benefits, subject to shareholder approval. Retirement benefits include benefits to five Directors and one Audit & Supervisory Board Member who have retired at the conclusion of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders for the 111th Business Term held on March 29, 2012. The retirement allowance system for Audit & Supervisory Board Members was abolished at the conclusion of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders for the 109th Business Term held on March 30, 2010. At the same meeting, the Company received approval for the final retirement benefit for Audit & Supervisory Board Members. The retirement allowance for Audit & Supervisory Board Members represents the final retirement benefit for retired Audit & Supervisory Board Member.

Beginning from the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, the Company is required to disclose the compensation of any director who receives total aggregate annual compensation exceeding ¥100 million in accordance with the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan and related ordinances. The following table sets forth the amount of compensation paid or planned to be paid directors whose aggregate compensation exceeded ¥100 million in fiscal 2012.

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Name (Position)			Category of remuneration
	Company		Basic Compensation		Bonus		SubTotal		Retirement Allowance		Stock Option		Total
			(Millions of yen)
Fujio Mitarai (Director)		Canon Inc.	¥	171	¥	32	¥	203	¥	42	¥	22	¥	267
Tsuneji Uchida (Director)		Canon Inc.		26		—		26		210		6		242
Toshizo Tanaka (Director)		Canon Inc.		81		18		99		19		20		138
Toshiaki Ikoma (Director)		Canon Inc.		79		16		95		17		19		131
Kunio Watanabe (Director)		Canon Inc.		62		13		75		16		14		105

Notes:

(1) Bonus amounts represent the increased portion of accrued directors’ bonuses in fiscal year 2012.

(2) Directors’ retirement allowance represents an increased amount of accrued directors’ retirement benefits. For Tsuneji Uchida, however, retirement allowance represents the amount paid as retirement benefit.

(3) The stock option amounts represent an expense recognized during fiscal year 2012 determined based on the fair value on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

(4) Apart from the remuneration contained in the above table, Océ N.V. paid ¥1 million to Toshizo Tanaka as basic compensation. Toshizo Tanaka received ¥139 million in aggregate compensation including remuneration from Océ N.V. Compensation amounts from Océ N.V. are translated from euros based on the average rate for fiscal year 2012 of ¥102.55 = Euro 1.

The following three elements comprise remuneration to directors:

• Basic Compensation: compensation for executing of business operations

• Bonus: bonus links to business results of current fiscal year

• Retirement Allowance: remuneration for the contribution to the Company during tenure

In addition to the above, the Company issues stock options for the purpose of providing effective incentives to improve business results on a medium and long-term basis. The remuneration to Audit & Supervisory Board Members consists of only basic compensation, which is not affected by the performance of the Company.

The determination methods of remuneration are as follows:

Basic Compensation

Each maximum amount of total compensation to directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members is determined by the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders. The remuneration to each director is determined by the meeting of the Board of Directors based on criteria set by the Company, and the remuneration to each Audit & Supervisory Board Member is determined by the meeting of Audit & Supervisory Board Members.

Bonus

Director bonuses are calculated based on internal criteria considering the performance of the Company. The total amount is proposed to and approved by the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders. The bonus amount paid to individual directors is determined at a meeting of the Board of Directors, based on the total approved amount, taking into account the position and performance of each director.

Retirement Allowance

Retirement allowances are paid at the time of retirement in appreciation of their services during their terms in offices. The amount of allowance is calculated based on monthly basic compensation and the number of years of service, etc. to the Company and is proposed to and approved by the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders. The retirement allowance system for Directors was abolished at the conclusion of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders for the 112th Business Term held on March 28, 2013. At the same meeting, the Company received approval for the final retirement benefit for Directors.

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Stock Option

The Company issues stock option plans for the purpose of enhancing directors’ motivation and morale to improve the Company’s performance. Issuance of share options as stock options without compensation and features of such stock options is proposed to and approved by the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders.

The Company has four stock option (share option) plans. These plans were approved at the meeting of the Board of Directors in accordance with the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders for the 107th, 108th, 109th and 110th Business Term of the Company, pursuant to Articles 236, 238 and 239 of the Corporation Law of Japan, held on March 28, 2008, March 27, 2009, March 30, 2010, and March 30, 2011. Under and pursuant to these plans, share options will be issued as stock options to the Company’s directors, executive officers and senior employees.

The descriptions of the stock option plans are below.

The Stock Option Plan Approved on March 28, 2008

1. The Reason for the Necessity to Solicit Those Who Subscribe for Share Options on Particularly Favorable Conditions

Share options were issued to the Company’s directors, executive officers and senior employees for the purpose of further enhancing their motivation and morale to improve the Company’s performance, with a view to long-term improvement of its corporate value.

2. Grantees of Share Options

The Company’s directors, 8 executive officers, and 30 senior employees who are entrusted with important functions.

3. Number of Share Options

The number of share options that the Board of Directors are authorized to issue is 5,920.

4. Cash Payment for Share Options

No cash payment will be required for the share options.

5. Exercise Price

The exercise price is ¥5,502 per share.

6. Features of Share Options

The features of share options are as follows:

(1) Number of Shares acquired upon Exercise of a Share Option

The number of shares acquired upon exercise of one share option (the “Allotted Number of Shares”) is 100 common shares, and the total number of shares to be delivered due to the exercise of share options is 592,000 common shares.

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However, if the Company effects a share split (including allotment of common shares without compensation; this inclusion being applicable below) or a share consolidation after the date of the allotment of the share options, the Allotted Number of Shares will be adjusted by the following calculation formula:

Allotted Number of Shares after Adjustment

= Allotted Number of Shares before Adjustment × Ratio of Share Splitting or Share Consolidation

Such adjustment will be made only with respect to the number of issued share options that have not then been exercised, and any fractional number of less than one share resulting from such adjustment will be rounded off.

(2) Amount of Property to Be Contributed upon Exercise of Share Options

The amount of property to be contributed upon the exercise of each share option is the amount obtained by multiplying the amount to be paid in for one share (the “Exercise Price”) to be delivered upon the exercise of a share option by the Allotted Number of Shares. The Exercise Price is the product of the multiplication of 1.05 and the closing price of one common share of the Company in ordinary trading at the Tokyo Stock Exchange as of the date of allotment of the share options (or if no trade is made on such date, the date immediately preceding the date on which such ordinary shares are traded), with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen.

The Exercise Price will be adjusted as follows:

(i) If the Company effects a share split or a share consolidation after the date of the allotment of the share options, the Exercise Price will be adjusted by the following calculation formula, with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen:

Exercise Price after Adjustment

=Exercise Price before adjustment ×	1
	Ratio of Share Splitting or Share Consolidation

(ii) If, after the date of allotment of share options, the Company issues common shares at a price lower than the then market price thereof (other than by way of conversion of the third series of Unsecured Convertible Debentures Due 2008 of the Company) or disposes of common shares owned by it, the Exercise Price will be adjusted by the following calculation formula, with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen; however, the Exercise Price will not be adjusted in the case of the exercise of share options:

Exercise Price after Adjustment = Exercise Price before Adjustment×

Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares +	Number of Newly Issued Shares × Payment amount per Share
	Market Price
Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares + Number of Newly Issued Shares

The “Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares” is the number of shares already issued by the Company after subtraction of the number of shares owned by the Company. In the case of the Company’s disposal of shares owned by it, the “Number of Newly Issued Shares” will be replaced with the “Number of Own Shares to Be Disposed.”

(iii) In the case of a merger, a company split or capital reduction after the date of allotment of share options, or in any other analogous case requiring the adjustment of the Exercise Price, the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted within a reasonable range.

(3) Period during Which Share Options Are Exercisable

From May 1, 2010 to April 30, 2014.

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(4) Matters regarding Stated Capital and Capital Reserves Increased When Shares Are Issued upon Exercise of Share Options

(i) The increased amount of stated capital will be half of the maximum amount of increases of stated capital, etc.

Any fractional amount of less than one yen resulting from such calculation will be rounded up to one yen.

(ii) The increased amount of capital reserves shall be the amount of the maximum amount of increases of stated capital, etc., mentioned in (i) above, after the subtraction of increased amount of stated capital mentioned in (i) above.

(5) Restriction on Acquisition of Share Options by Transfer

An acquisition of share options by way of transfer requires the approval of the Board of Directors.

(6) Events for the Company’s Acquisition of Share Options

If a proposal for the approval of a merger agreement under which the Company will become an extinguishing company or a proposal for the approval for a share exchange agreement or a share transfer plan under which the Company will become a wholly-owned subsidiary is approved by the Company’s shareholders at a shareholders meeting (or by the Board of Directors if no resolution of a shareholders meeting is required for such approval), the Company will be entitled to acquire the share options, without compensation, on a date separately designated by the Board of Directors.

(7) Handling of Fractions

Any fraction of a share (less than one share) to be delivered to any holder of share options who has exercised share options will be disregarded.

(8) Other Conditions for Exercise of Share Options

(i) One share option may not be exercised partially.

(ii) Each holder of share options must continue to be a director, executive officer or employee of the Company until the end of the Company’s general meeting of shareholders regarding the final business term within 2 years from the end of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders for the 107th Business Term of the Company.

(iii) Holders of share options will be entitled to exercise their share options for 2 years, and during the exercisable period, even after they lose their positions as directors, executive officers or employees. However, if a holder of share options loses such position due to resignation at his/her initiative, or due to dismissal or discharge by the Company, his/her share options will immediately lose effect.

(iv) No succession by inheritance is authorized for the share options.

(v) Any other conditions for the exercise of share options may be established by the Board of Directors.

7. Specific Method of Calculation of Remuneration to Directors

The amount of share options issued to the directors of the Company, as remuneration, is the amount obtained by multiplying the fair market value per share option as of the allotment date thereof by the total number of share options allotted to the directors existing as of such allotment date. The fair market value of a share option was calculated with the use of the Black-Scholes model on the basis of various conditions applicable on the allotment date.

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The Stock Option Plan Approved on March 27, 2009

1. The Reason for the Necessity to Solicit Those Who Subscribe for Share Options on Particularly Favorable Conditions

Share options were issued to the Company’s directors, executive officers and senior employees for the purpose of further enhancing their motivation and morale to improve the Company’s performance, with a view to long-term improvement of its corporate value.

2. Grantees of Share Options

The Company’s directors, 10 executive officers, and 29 senior employees who are entrusted with important functions.

3. Number of Share Options

The number of share options that the Board of Directors are authorized to issue is 9,540.

4. Cash Payment for Share Options

No cash payment will be required for the share options.

5. Exercise Price

The exercise price is ¥3,287 per share.

6. Features of Share Options

The features of share options are as follows:

(1) Number of Shares acquired upon Exercise of a Share Option

The number of shares acquired upon exercise of one share option (the “Allotted Number of Shares”) is 100 common shares, and the total number of shares to be delivered due to the exercise of share options is 954,000 common shares.

However, if the Company effects a share split (including allotment of common shares without compensation; this inclusion being applicable below) or a share consolidation after the date of the allotment of the share options, the Allotted Number of Shares will be adjusted by the following calculation formula:

Allotted Number of Shares after Adjustment

= Allotted Number of Shares before Adjustment × Ratio of Share Splitting or Share Consolidation

Such adjustment will be made only with respect to the number of issued share options that have not then been exercised, and any fractional number of less than one share resulting from such adjustment will be rounded off.

(2) Amount of Property to Be Contributed upon Exercise of Share Options

The amount of property to be contributed upon the exercise of each share option is the amount obtained by multiplying the amount to be paid in for one share (the “Exercise Price”) to be delivered upon the exercise of a share option by the Allotted Number of Shares. The Exercise Price is the product of the multiplication of 1.05 and the closing price of one common share of the Company in ordinary trading at the Tokyo Stock Exchange as

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of the date of allotment of the share options (or if no trade is made on such date, the date immediately preceding the date on which such ordinary shares are traded), with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen.

The Exercise Price will be adjusted as follows:

(i) If the Company effects a share split or a share consolidation after the date of the allotment of the share options, the Exercise Price will be adjusted by the following calculation formula, with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen:

Exercise Price after Adjustment

=Exercise Price before adjustment ×	1
	Ratio of Share Splitting or Share Consolidation

(ii) If, after the date of allotment of share options, the Company issues common shares at a price lower than the then market price thereof or disposes common shares owned by it, the Exercise Price will be adjusted by the following calculation formula, with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen; however, the Exercise Price will not be adjusted in the case of the exercise of share options:

Exercise Price after Adjustment = Exercise Price before Adjustment ×

Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares +	Number of Newly Issued Shares × Payment amount per Share
	Market Price
Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares + Number of Newly Issued Shares

The “Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares” is the number of shares already issued by the Company after subtraction of the number of shares owned by the Company. In the case of the Company’s disposal of shares owned by it, the “Number of Newly Issued Shares” will be replaced with the “Number of Own Shares to Be Disposed.”

(iii) In the case of a merger, a company split or capital reduction after the date of allotment of share options, or in any other analogous case requiring the adjustment of the Exercise Price, the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted within a reasonable range.

(3) Period during Which Share Options Are Exercisable

From May 1, 2011 to April 30, 2015.

(4) Matters regarding Stated Capital and Capital Reserves Increased When Shares Are Issued upon Exercise of Share Options

(i) The increased amount of stated capital will be half of the maximum amount of increases of stated capital, etc.

Any fractional amount of less than one yen resulting from such calculation will be rounded up to one yen.

(ii) The increased amount of capital reserves shall be the amount of the maximum amount of increases of stated capital, etc., mentioned in (i) above, after the subtraction of increased amount of stated capital mentioned in (i) above.

(5) Restriction on Acquisition of Share Options by Transfer

An acquisition of share options by way of transfer requires the approval of the Board of Directors.

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(6) Events for the Company’s Acquisition of Share Options

If a proposal for the approval of a merger agreement under which the Company will become an extinguishing company or a proposal for the approval for a share exchange agreement or a share transfer plan under which the Company will become a wholly-owned subsidiary is approved by the Company’s shareholders at a shareholders meeting (or by the Board of Directors if no resolution of a shareholders meeting is required for such approval), the Company will be entitled to acquire the share options, without compensation, on a date separately designated by the Board of Directors.

(7) Handling of Fractions

Any fraction of a share (less than one share) to be delivered to any holder of share options who has exercised share options will be disregarded.

(8) Other Conditions for Exercise of Share Options

(i) One share option may not be exercised partially.

(ii) Each holder of share options must continue to be a director, executive officer or employee of the Company until the end of the Company’s general meeting of shareholders regarding the final business term within 2 years from the end of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders for the 108th Business Term of the Company.

(iii) Holders of share options will be entitled to exercise their share options for 2 years, and during the exercisable period, even after they lose their positions as directors, executive officers or employees. However, if a holder of share options loses such position due to resignation at his/her initiative, or due to dismissal or discharge by the Company, his/her share options will immediately lose effect.

(iv) No succession by inheritance is authorized for the share options.

(v) Any other conditions for the exercise of share options may be established by the Board of Directors.

7. Specific Method of Calculation of Remuneration to Directors

The amount of share options issued to the directors of the Company, as remuneration, is the amount obtained by multiplying the fair market value per share option as of the allotment date thereof by the total number of share options allotted to the directors existing as of such allotment date. The fair market value of a share option was calculated with the use of the Black-Scholes model on the basis of various conditions applicable on the allotment date.

The Stock Option Plan Approved on March 30, 2010

1. The Reason for the Necessity to Solicit Those Who Subscribe for Share Options on Particularly Favorable Conditions

Share options were issued to the Company’s directors, executive officers and senior employees for the purpose of further enhancing their motivation and morale to improve the Company’s performance, with a view to long-term improvement of its corporate value.

2. Grantees of Share Options

The Company’s directors, 13 executive officers, and 33 senior employees who are entrusted with important functions.

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3. Number of Share Options

The number of share options that the Board of Directors are authorized to issue is 8,900.

4. Cash Payment for Share Options

No cash payment will be required for the share options.

5. Exercise Price

The exercise price is ¥4,573 per share.

6. Features of Share Options

The features of share options are as follows:

(1) Number of Shares acquired upon Exercise of a Share Option

The number of shares acquired upon Exercise of one share option (the “Allotted Number of Shares”) is 100 common shares, and the total number of shares to be delivered due to the exercise of share options is 890,000 common shares.

However, if the Company effects a share split (including allotment of common shares without compensation; this inclusion being applicable below) or a share consolidation after the date of the allotment of the share options, the Allotted Number of Shares will be adjusted by the following calculation formula:

Allotted Number of Shares after Adjustment

= Allotted Number of Shares before Adjustment × Ratio of Share Splitting or Share Consolidation

Such adjustment will be made only with respect to the number of issued share options that have not then been exercised, and any fractional number of less than one share resulting from such adjustment will be rounded off.

(2) Amount of Property to Be Contributed upon Exercise of Share Options

The amount of property to be contributed upon the exercise of each share option is the amount obtained by multiplying the amount to be paid in for one share (the “Exercise Price”) to be delivered upon the exercise of a share option by the Allotted Number of Shares. The Exercise Price is the product of the multiplication of 1.05 and the closing price of one common share of the Company in ordinary trading at the Tokyo Stock Exchange as of the date of allotment of the share options (or if no trade is made on such date, the date immediately preceding the date on which such ordinary shares are traded), with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen.

The Exercise Price will be adjusted as follows:

(i) If the Company effects a share split or a share consolidation after the date of the allotment of the share options, the Exercise Price will be adjusted by the following calculation formula, with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen:

Exercise Price after Adjustment

=Exercise Price before adjustment ×	1
	Ratio of Share Splitting or Share Consolidation

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(ii) If, after the date of allotment of share options, the Company issues common shares at a price lower than the then market price thereof or disposes common shares owned by it, the Exercise Price will be adjusted by the following calculation formula, with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen; however, the Exercise Price will not be adjusted in the case of the exercise of share options:

Exercise Price after Adjustment = Exercise Price before Adjustment ×

Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares +	Number of Newly Issued Shares × Payment amount per Share
	Market Price
Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares + Number of Newly Issued Shares

The “Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares” is the number of shares already issued by the Company after subtraction of the number of shares owned by the Company. In the case of the Company’s disposal of shares owned by it, the “Number of Newly Issued Shares” will be replaced with the “Number of Own Shares to Be Disposed.”

(iii) In the case of a merger, a company split or capital reduction after the date of allotment of share options, or in any other analogous case requiring the adjustment of the Exercise Price, the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted within a reasonable range.

(3) Period during Which Share Options Are Exercisable

From May 1, 2012 to April 30, 2016.

(4) Matters regarding Stated Capital and Capital Reserves Increased When Shares Are Issued upon Exercise of Share Options

(i) The increased amount of stated capital will be half of the maximum amount of increases of stated capital, etc.

Any fractional amount of less than one yen resulting from such calculation will be rounded up to one yen.

(ii) The increased amount of capital reserves shall be the amount of the maximum amount of increases of stated capital, etc., mentioned in (i) above, after the subtraction of increased amount of stated capital mentioned in (i) above.

(5) Restriction on Acquisition of Share Options by Transfer

An acquisition of share options by way of transfer requires the approval of the Board of Directors.

(6) Events for the Company’s Acquisition of Share Options

If a proposal for the approval of a merger agreement under which the Company will become an extinguishing company or a proposal for the approval for a share exchange agreement or a share transfer plan under which the Company will become a wholly-owned subsidiary is approved by the Company’s shareholders at a shareholders meeting (or by the Board of Directors if no resolution of a shareholders meeting is required for such approval), the Company will be entitled to acquire the share options, without compensation, on a date separately designated by the Board of Directors.

(7) Handling of Fractions

Any fraction of a share (less than one share) to be delivered to any holder of share options who has exercised share options will be disregarded.

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(8) Other Conditions for Exercise of Share Options

(i) One share option may not be exercised partially.

(ii) Each holder of share options must continue to be a director, executive officer or employee of the Company until the end of the Company’s general meeting of shareholders regarding the final business term within 2 years from the end of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders for the 109th Business Term of the Company.

(iii) Holders of share options will be entitled to exercise their share options for 2 years, and during the exercisable period, even after they lose their positions as directors, executive officers or employees. However, if a holder of share options loses such position due to resignation at his/her initiative, or due to dismissal or discharge by the Company, his/her share options will immediately lose effect.

(iv) No succession by inheritance is authorized for the share options.

(v) Any other conditions for the exercise of share options may be established by the Board of Directors.

7. Specific Method of Calculation of Remuneration to Directors

The amount of share options issued to the directors of the Company, as remuneration, is the amount obtained by multiplying the fair market value per share option as of the allotment date thereof by the total number of share options allotted to the directors existing as of such allotment date. The fair market value of a share option was calculated with the use of the Black-Scholes model on the basis of various conditions applicable on the allotment date.

The Stock Option Plan Approved on March 30, 2011

1. The Reason for the Necessity to Solicit Those Who Subscribe for Share Options on Particularly Favorable Conditions

Share options were issued to the Company’s directors, executive officers and senior employees for the purpose of further enhancing their motivation and morale to improve the Company’s performance, with a view to long-term improvement of its corporate value.

2. Grantees of Share Options

The Company’s directors, 16 executive officers, and 27 senior employees who are entrusted with important functions.

3. Number of Share Options

The number of share options that the Board of Directors are authorized to issue is 9,120.

4. Cash Payment for Share Options

No cash payment will be required for the share options.

5. Exercise Price

The exercise price is ¥3,990 per share.

6. Features of Share Options

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The features of share options are as follows:

(1) Number of Shares acquired upon Exercise of a Share Option

The number of shares acquired upon Exercise of one share option (the “Allotted Number of Shares”) is 100 common shares, and the total number of shares to be delivered due to the exercise of share options is 912,000 common shares.

However, if the Company effects a share split (including allotment of common shares without compensation; this inclusion being applicable below) or a share consolidation after the date of the allotment of the share options, the Allotted Number of Shares will be adjusted by the following calculation formula:

Allotted Number of Shares after Adjustment

= Allotted Number of Shares before Adjustment × Ratio of Share Splitting or Share Consolidation

Such adjustment will be made only with respect to the number of issued share options that have not then been exercised, and any fractional number of less than one share resulting from such adjustment will be rounded off.

(2) Amount of Property to Be Contributed upon Exercise of Share Options

The amount of property to be contributed upon the exercise of each share option is the amount obtained by multiplying the amount to be paid in for one share (the “Exercise Price”) to be delivered upon the exercise of a share option by the Allotted Number of Shares. The Exercise Price is the product of the multiplication of 1.05 and the closing price of one common share of the Company in ordinary trading at the Tokyo Stock Exchange as of the date of allotment of the share options (or if no trade is made on such date, the date immediately preceding the date on which such ordinary shares are traded), with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen.

The Exercise Price will be adjusted as follows:

(i) If the Company effects a share split or a share consolidation after the date of the allotment of the share options, the Exercise Price will be adjusted by the following calculation formula, with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen:

Exercise Price after Adjustment

=Exercise Price before adjustment ×	1
	Ratio of Share Splitting or Share Consolidation

(ii) If, after the date of allotment of share options, the Company issues common shares at a price lower than the then market price thereof or disposes common shares owned by it, the Exercise Price will be adjusted by the following calculation formula, with any fractional amount of less than one yen to be rounded up to one yen; however, the Exercise Price will not be adjusted in the case of the exercise of share options:

Exercise Price after Adjustment = Exercise Price before Adjustment ×

Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares +	Number of Newly Issued Shares × Payment amount per Share
	Market Price
Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares + Number of Newly Issued Shares

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The “Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares” is the number of shares already issued by the Company after subtraction of the number of shares owned by the Company. In the case of the Company’s disposal of shares owned by it, the “Number of Newly Issued Shares” will be replaced with the “Number of Own Shares to Be Disposed.”

(iii) In the case of a merger, a company split or capital reduction after the date of allotment of share options, or in any other analogous case requiring the adjustment of the Exercise Price, the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted within a reasonable range.

(3) Period during Which Share Options Are Exercisable

From May 1, 2013 to April 30, 2017.

(4) Matters regarding Stated Capital and Capital Reserves Increased When Shares Are Issued upon Exercise of Share Options

(i) The increased amount of stated capital will be half of the maximum amount of increases of stated capital, etc.

Any fractional amount of less than one yen resulting from such calculation will be rounded up to one yen.

(ii) The increased amount of capital reserves shall be the amount of the maximum amount of increases of stated capital, etc., mentioned in (i) above, after the subtraction of increased amount of stated capital mentioned in (i) above.

(5) Restriction on Acquisition of Share Options by Transfer

An acquisition of share options by way of transfer requires the approval of the Board of Directors.

(6) Events for the Company’s Acquisition of Share Options

If a proposal for the approval of a merger agreement under which the Company will become an extinguishing company or a proposal for the approval for a share exchange agreement or a share transfer plan under which the Company will become a wholly-owned subsidiary is approved by the Company’s shareholders at a shareholders meeting (or by the Board of Directors if no resolution of a shareholders meeting is required for such approval), the Company will be entitled to acquire the share options, without compensation, on a date separately designated by the Board of Directors.

(7) Handling of Fractions

Any fraction of a share (less than one share) to be delivered to any holder of share options who has exercised share options will be disregarded.

(8) Other Conditions for Exercise of Share Options

(i) One share option may not be exercised partially.

(ii) Each holder of share options must continue to be a director, executive officer or employee of the Company until the end of the Company’s general meeting of shareholders regarding the final business term within 2 years from the end of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders for the 110th Business Term of the Company.

(iii) Holders of share options will be entitled to exercise their share options for 2 years, and during the exercisable period, even after they lose their positions as directors, executive officers or employees. However, if a holder of share options loses such position due to resignation at his/her initiative, or due to dismissal or discharge by the Company, his/her share options will immediately lose effect.

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(iv) No succession by inheritance is authorized for the share options.

(v) Any other conditions for the exercise of share options may be established by the Board of Directors.

7. Specific Method of Calculation of Remuneration to Directors

The amount of share options to be issued to the directors of the Company, as remuneration, is the amount to be obtained by multiplying the fair market value per share option as of the allotment date thereof by the total number of share options to be allotted to the directors existing as of such allotment date. The fair market value of a share option will be calculated with the use of the Black-Scholes model on the basis of various conditions applicable on the allotment date.

C. Board practices

See Item 6A “Directors and senior management” and Item 6B “Compensation.”

D. Employees

The following table shows the numbers of Canon’s employees as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

	Total		Japan		Americas		Europe		Asia and Oceania
December 31, 2012
Office		97,275		29,027		15,451		20,094		32,703
Imaging System		64,320		15,842		2,300		1,838		44,340
Industry and Others		24,403		15,396		1,335		1,229		6,443
Corporate		10,970		9,969		—		—		1,001
Total		196,968		70,234		19,086		23,161		84,487
December 31, 2011
Office		99,847		29,874		15,609		19,680		34,684
Imaging System		63,105		15,284		2,227		1,827		43,767
Industry and Others		24,779		15,664		1,369		1,232		6,514
Corporate		10,576		9,524		—		—		1,052
Total		198,307		70,346		19,205		22,739		86,017
December 31, 2010
Office		104,173		31,890		16,528		20,278		35,477
Imaging System		59,053		16,081		2,157		1,817		38,998
Industry and Others		23,133		13,900		1,497		1,339		6,397
Corporate		11,027		10,083		—		—		944
Total		197,386		71,954		20,182		23,434		81,816

The Company and its subsidiaries have their own independent labor union. Canon has not experienced a labor strike since its establishment. The Company believes that the relationship between Canon and its labor union is good.

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E. Share ownership

The following table shows the numbers of shares owned by the directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members of the Company as of March 28, 2013. The total is 409,781 shares, constituting 0.03% of all outstanding shares.

Name	Position	Number of shares
Fujio Mitarai	Chairman & CEO		110,423
Toshizo Tanaka	Executive Vice President & CFO		21,010
Toshiaki Ikoma	Executive Vice President & CTO		12,900
Kunio Watanabe	Executive Vice President		26,949
Yoroku Adachi	Senior Managing Director		24,297
Yasuo Mitsuhashi	Senior Managing Director		19,457
Shigeyuki Matsumoto	Senior Managing Director		21,052
Toshio Honma	Senior Managing Director		24,552
Masaki Nakaoka	Senior Managing Director		13,700
Haruhisa Honda	Senior Managing Director		20,189
Hideki Ozawa	Managing Director		11,800
Masaya Maeda	Managing Director		10,300
Yasuhiro Tani	Director		5,600
Makoto Araki	Director		5,200
Hiroyuki Suematsu	Director		4,400
Shigeyuki Uzawa	Director		5,300
Kenichi Nagasawa	Director		1,200
Naoji Otsuka	Director		4,500
Masanori Yamada	Director		5,000
Aitake Wakiya	Director		2,100
Kazuto Ono	Director		1,400
Shunji Onda	Audit & Supervisory Board Member		12,902
Kengo Uramoto	Audit & Supervisory Board Member		3,350
Tadashi Ohe	Audit & Supervisory Board Member		36,600
Kazunori Watanabe	Audit & Supervisory Board Member		3,700
Kuniyoshi Kitamura	Audit & Supervisory Board Member		1,900
	Total		409,781

The number of shares that may be subscribed for under rights granted to the Directors and the Audit & Supervisory Board Members, listed above, pursuant to the stock option plan approved by the stockholders on March 28, 2008 is 205,000 shares of common stock. The exercise price of the rights is ¥5,502 per share and the rights are exercisable from May 1, 2010 to April 30, 2014.

The number of shares that may be subscribed for under rights granted to the Directors and the Audit & Supervisory Board Members, listed above, pursuant to the stock option plan approved by the stockholders on March 27, 2009 is 348,000 shares of common stock. The exercise price of the rights is ¥3,287 per share and the rights are exercisable from May 1, 2011 to April 30, 2015.

The number of shares that may be subscribed for under rights granted to the Directors and the Audit & Supervisory Board Member, listed above, pursuant to the stock option plan approved by the stockholders on March 30, 2010 is 392,000 shares of common stock. The exercise price of the rights is ¥4,573 per share and the rights are exercisable from May 1, 2012 to April 30, 2016.

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The number of shares that may be subscribed for under rights granted to the Directors and the Audit & Supervisory Board Member, listed above, pursuant to the stock option plan approved by the stockholders on March 30, 2011 is 412,000 shares of common stock. The exercise price of the rights is ¥3,990 per share and the rights are exercisable from May 1, 2013 to April 30, 2017.

For additional information on the stock option plan, see “B. Compensation” of this Item.

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries encourage its employees to purchase shares of their Common Stock in the market through an employees’ stock purchase association.

Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

A. Major shareholders

The table below shows the numbers of the Company’s shares held by the top ten holders of the Company’s shares and their ownership percentage as of December 31, 2012:

Name of major shareholder	Shares owned		Percentage
			Number of shares owned / Number of shares issued
Japan Trustee Services Bank, Ltd. (Trust Account)		74,157,600		5.6	%
The Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd. (Trust Account)		74,062,200		5.6	%
The Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company, Limited		49,888,380		3.7	%
SSBT OD05 OMNIBUS ACCOUNT—TREATY CLIENTS		27,571,600		2.1	%
Moxley and Co.		23,389,219		1.8	%
State Street Bank and Trust Company		19,688,481		1.5	%
Sompo Japan Insurance Inc.		18,485,987		1.4	%
State Street Bank and Trust Company		18,176,851		1.4	%
Mellon Bank, N.A. as agent for its client Mellon Omnibus US Pension		16,992,955		1.3	%
Obayashi Corporation		16,527,607		1.2	%

Notes:

1: Moxley and Co. is a nominee of JPMorgan Chase Bank, which is the depositary of Canon’s ADRs (American Depositary Receipts).

2: Apart from the above shares, The Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company, Limited held 6,180,000 shares contributed to a trust fund for its retirement and severance plans.

3: Apart from the above shares, the Company owns 180,972,173 shares (13.57% of total issued shares) of treasury stock.

Canon’s major shareholders do not have different voting rights from other shareholders.

As of December 31, 2012, 15.4% of the issued shares of common stock, including the Company’s treasury stock, were held of record by 256 residents of the United States of America.

The Company is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by any other corporation, by any government, or by any other natural or legal person or persons severally or jointly.

B. Related party transactions

During the latest three fiscal years, Canon has not transacted with, nor does Canon currently plan to transact with a related party (other than certain transactions with subsidiaries and affiliates of the Company). For purposes of this paragraph, a related party includes: (a) enterprises that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, control or are controlled by, or are under common control with, Canon; (b) associates; (c) individuals owning, directly or indirectly, an interest in the voting power of Canon that gives them significant

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influence over Canon, and close members of any such individual’s family; (d) key management personnel, that is, those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of Canon, including directors and senior management of companies and close member of such individual’s families; (e) enterprises in which a substantial interest in the voting power is owned, directly or indirectly, by any person described in (c) or (d) or over which such a person is able to exercise significant influence. This includes enterprises owned by directors or major shareholders of Canon and enterprises that have a member of key management in common with Canon. Close members of an individual’s family are those that may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with Canon. An associate is an unconsolidated enterprise in which Canon has a significant influence or which has significant influence over Canon. Significant influence over an enterprise is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the enterprise but is less than control over those policies. Shareholders beneficially owning a 10% interest in the voting power of the Company are presumed to have a significant influence on Canon.

To the Company’s knowledge, no person owned a 10% interest in the voting power of the Company as of March 28, 2013.

In the ordinary course of business on an arm’s length basis, Canon purchases and sells materials, supplies and services from and to its affiliates accounted for by the equity method. There are 9 affiliates which are accounted for by the equity method. Canon does not consider the amounts of the transactions with the above affiliates to be material to its business.

C. Interests of experts and counsel

Not applicable.

Item 8. Financial Information

A. Consolidated financial statements and other financial information

Consolidated financial statements

This Annual Report contains consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) by an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012 have been audited by Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC, and their audit report covering each of the periods is included in Item 18 of this report.

Refer to Item 18 “Financial Statements.”

Legal proceedings

There are no outstanding legal or other proceedings which could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Canon’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Dividend policy

Dividends are proposed by the Board of Directors of the Company based on the year-end non-consolidated financial statements of the Company, and are approved at the ordinary general meeting of shareholders, which is held in March of each year. Recordholders of the Company’s ADSs on the dividends’ record dates are entitled to receive payment in full of the declared dividends. In addition to annual dividends, by resolution of the Board of Directors, the Company may declare a cash distribution as an interim dividend. The record date for the Company’s year-end dividends and for the interim dividends are December 31 and June 30, respectively.

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Canon is being more proactive in returning profits to shareholders, mainly in the form of a dividend, taking into consideration mid-term profit forecasts, planned future investments, cash flow and other factors.

In 2012, despite the challenging business environment characterized by the European recession, Canon was able to generate adequate cash on hand thanks to comprehensive cash flow management and subsequent improvements in management efficiency. In light of this situation, Canon plans to distribute a full-year dividend totaling ¥130 per share (interim dividend of ¥60 per share [already distributed], and year-end dividend of ¥70 per share), a regular dividend of ¥120 and a commemorative dividend of ¥10 to mark the 75th anniversary of the company’s establishment.

B. Significant changes

No significant change has occurred since the date of the annual financial statements.

Item 9. The Offer and Listing

A. Offer and listing details

Trading in domestic markets

The common stock of the Company has been listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (“TSE”), the principal stock exchange market in Japan, since 1949, and is traded on the First Section of the TSE. The shares are also listed on four other regional markets in Japan (Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka and Sapporo).

The following table lists the reported high and low sales prices of the shares on the TSE and the closing highs and lows of the Tokyo Stock Price Index (“TOPIX”) and Nikkei Stock Average for the five most recent years. TOPIX is an index of the market value of stocks listed on the First Section of the TSE. The Nikkei Stock Average, an index of 225 selected stocks on the First Section of the TSE, is another widely accepted index.

	TSE (Canon Inc.)				TOPIX (Reference  data)				Nikkei Stock Average (Reference data)
	(Japanese yen)				(Points)				(Japanese yen)
Period	High		Low		High		Low		High		Low
2008 Year	¥	5,820	¥	2,215		1,461.31		721.53	¥	15,156.66	¥	6,994.90
2009 Year		4,070		2,115		987.27		698.46		10,767.00		7,021.28
2010 Year		4,520		3,205		1,001.77		799.64		11,408.17		8,796.45
2011 1(st) quarter		4,280		3,310		976.28		725.90		10,891.60		8,227.63
2(nd) quarter		3,945		3,470		874.35		801.78		10,017.47		9,318.62
3(rd) quarter		3,935		3,270		879.48		727.33		10,207.91		8,359.70
4(th) quarter		3,630		3,220		779.08		703.88		9,152.39		8,135.79
2011 Year		4,280		3,220		976.28		703.88		10,891.60		8,135.79
2012 1(st) quarter		4,015		3,230		872.42		722.85		10,255.15		8,349.33
2(nd) quarter		4,005		2,880		863.23		692.18		10,190.35		8,238.96
3(rd) quarter		3,240		2,308		781.94		703.31		9,288.53		8,328.02
4(th) quarter		3,455		2,328		861.57		710.32		10,433.63		8,488.14
2012 Year		4,015		2,308		872.42		692.18		10,433.63		8,238.96

	TSE (Canon Inc.)				TOPIX (Reference  data)				Nikkei Stock  Average (Reference data)
	(Japanese yen)				(Points)				(Japanese yen)
Period	High		Low		High		Low		High		Low
2012 July	¥	3,240	¥	2,308		781.94		703.31	¥	9,136.02	¥	8,328.02
August		2,848		2,594		769.79		720.03		9,222.87		8,513.20
September		2,874		2,432		769.54		715.05		9,288.53		8,646.03
October		2,698		2,328		757.59		710.32		9,075.59		8,488.14
November		3,015		2,430		787.74		718.36		9,492.91		8,619.45
December		3,455		2,876		861.57		776.83		10,433.63		9,376.97
2013 January		3,475		3,185		942.08		862.62		11,145.38		10,398.61
February		3,440		3,220		981.80		930.04		11,662.52		11,046.92

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Trading in foreign markets

The Company’s ADRs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).

Since the Company’s 1969 public offering in the United States of U.S.$9,000,000 principal amount of its 6 1/2 % Convertible Debentures due 1984, there has been limited trading in the over-the-counter market in the Company’s ADRs. Since March 16, 1998, each ADR represents one share of the Company’s common stock. The Company’s ADSs had been quoted on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system (“NASDAQ”) from 1972 to September 13, 2000 under the symbol CANNY.

On September 14, 2000, Canon listed its ADSs on the NYSE under the symbol CAJ. The table below displays historical high and low prices of our ADSs on the NYSE.

	NYSE (Canon Inc.)
	(U.S. dollars)
Period	High		Low
2008 Year	$	54.990	$	24.040
2009 Year		43.950		21.230
2010 Year		52.150		36.800
2011 1(st) quarter		52.300		42.290
2(nd) quarter		48.210		42.150
3(rd) quarter		50.000		42.460
4(th) quarter		47.600		41.700
2011 Year		52.300		41.700
2012 1(st) quarter		48.340		42.460
2(nd) quarter		48.480		37.820
3(rd) quarter		40.270		31.210
4(th) quarter		40.940		29.810
2012 Year		48.480		29.810

	(Canon Inc.)
	(U.S. dollars)
Period	High		Low
2012 July	$	40.270	$	31.210
August		36.180		33.100
September		36.570		31.370
October		33.600		29.810
November		35.800		30.290
December		40.940		35.340
2013 January		40.430		36.140
February		36.600		34.690

The depositary and agent of the ADRs is JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., located at 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza, Floor 58, New York, N.Y. 10005-1401, U.S.A.

B. Plan of distribution

Not applicable.

C. Markets

See Item 9A “Offer and listing details”.

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D. Selling shareholders

Not applicable.

E. Dilution

Not applicable.

F. Expenses of the issue

Not applicable.

Item 10. Additional Information

A. Share capital

Not applicable.

B. Memorandum and articles of association

Objects and Purposes in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation

The objects and purposes of the Company, as provided in Article 2 of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, are to engage in the following businesses:

(1) Manufacture and sale of optical machineries and instruments of various kinds.

(2) Manufacture and sale of acoustic, electrical and electronic machineries and instruments of various kinds.

(3) Manufacture and sale of precision machineries and instruments of various kinds.

(4) Manufacture and sale of medical machineries and instruments of various kinds.

(5) Manufacture and sale of general machineries, instruments and equipment of various kinds.

(6) Manufacture and sale of parts, materials, etc. relative to the products mentioned in each of the preceding items.

(7) Production and sale of software products.

(8) Manufacture and sale of pharmaceutical products.

(9) Telecommunications business, and information service business such as information processing service business, information providing service business, etc.

(10) Contracting for telecommunications works, electrical works and machinery and equipment installation works.

(11) Sale, purchase and leasing of real properties, contracting for construction works, design of buildings and supervision of construction works.

(12) Manpower providing business, property leasing business and travel business.

(13) Business relative to investigation, analysis of the environment and purification process of soil, water, etc.

(14) Any and all business relevant to any of the preceding items.

Provisions Regarding Directors

There is no provision in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation as to a Director’s power to vote on a proposal, arrangement or contract in which the Director is materially interested, but, under the Corporation Law

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of Japan, the law relating to joint stock corporations (known in Japanese as kabushiki kaisha) which came into effect on May 1, 2006, a director is required to refrain from voting on such matters at meetings of the board of directors.

The Corporation Law of Japan provides that compensation for directors is determined at a general meeting of shareholders of a company. Within the upper limit approved at the shareholders’ meeting, the board of directors determines the amount of compensation for each director. The board of directors may, by its resolution, leave such decision to the discretion of the company’s representative director.

The Corporation Law of Japan provides that the incurrence by a company of a significant loan from a third party should be approved by the company’s board of directors. The Company’s Regulations of the Board of Directors incorporate this requirement.

There is no mandatory retirement age for the Company’s Directors under the Corporation Law of Japan or its Articles of Incorporation.

There is no requirement concerning the number of shares an individual must hold in order to qualify him as a director of the Company under the Corporation Law of Japan or its Articles of Incorporation.

Holding of Shares by Foreign Investors

Other than the Japanese unit share system that is described in “Rights of Shareholders—Japanese Unit Share System” below, there are no limitations on the rights of non-residents or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on the Company’s shares imposed by the laws of Japan or the Company’s Articles of Incorporation or other constituent documents.

Rights of Shareholders

Set forth below is information relating to the Company’s common stock, including brief summaries of the relevant provisions of its Articles of Incorporation and Regulations for Handling of Shares, as currently in effect, and of the Corporation Law of Japan and related legislation.

General

The Company’s authorized share capital is 3,000,000,000 shares, of which 1,333,763,464 shares were issued, including the Company’s treasury stock, as of December 31, 2012. On January 5, 2009, a new central clearing system for shares of Japanese listed companies was established pursuant to the Law Concerning Book-Entry Transfer of Corporate Bonds, Shares, etc. (including regulations promulgated thereunder; the “Book-Entry Law”), and the shares of all Japanese companies listed on any Japanese stock exchange, including the Company’s shares, became subject to this new system. On the same day, all existing share certificates for such shares became null and void. At present, the Japan Securities Depository Center, Inc. (“JASDEC”) is the only institution that is designated by the relevant authorities as a clearing house which is permitted to engage in the clearing operations of shares of Japanese listed companies under the Book-Entry Law. Under the new clearing system, in order for any person to hold, sell or otherwise dispose of shares of Japanese listed companies, it must have an account at an account management institution unless such person has an account at JASDEC. “Account management institutions” are financial instruments traders (i.e., securities companies), banks, trust companies and certain other financial institutions which meet the requirements prescribed by the Book-Entry Law.

Under the Book-Entry Law, any transfer of shares is effected through book entry, and title to the shares passes to the transferee at the time when the transferred number of the shares is recorded at the transferee’s account at an account management institution. The holder of an account at an account management institution is presumed to be the legal owner of the shares held in such account.

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Under the Corporation Law of Japan and the Book-Entry Law, in order to assert shareholders’ rights against the Company, a shareholder must have its name and address registered in the register of shareholders of the Company, except in limited circumstances.

The registered beneficial holder of deposited shares underlying the ADSs is the depositary for the ADSs. Accordingly, holders of ADSs will not be able to directly assert shareholders’ rights.

Distributions of Surplus

Under the Corporation Law of Japan, distributions of cash or other assets by joint stock corporations to their shareholders, so called “dividends,” are referred to as “distributions of Surplus” (“Surplus” is defined in “Restriction on Distributions of Surplus” below). The Company may make distributions of Surplus to the shareholders any number of times per fiscal year, subject to certain limitations described in “Restriction on Distributions of Surplus”. Under the Corporation Law of Japan, distributions of Surplus are required to be authorized by a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders.

Under the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, year-end dividends and interim dividends, if any, may be distributed to shareholders (or pledgees) appearing in the register of shareholders as of December 31 and June 30 of each year, respectively.

Distributions of Surplus may be made in cash or in kind in proportion to the number of shares held by each shareholder. A resolution of a shareholders’ meeting must specify the kind and aggregate book value of the assets to be distributed, the manner of allocation of such assets to shareholders, and the effective date of the distribution. If a distribution of Surplus is to be made in kind, the Company may, pursuant to a resolution of shareholders’ meeting, grant a right to its shareholders to require the Company to make such distribution in cash instead of in kind. If no such right is granted to shareholders, the relevant distribution of Surplus must be approved by a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders.

Restriction on Distributions of Surplus

When the Company makes a distribution of Surplus, the Company must, until the aggregate amount of its additional paid-in capital and legal reserve reaches one-quarter of its stated capital, set aside in its additional paid-in capital and/or legal reserve an amount equal to one-tenth of the amount of Surplus so distributed.

The amount of Surplus at any given time must be calculated in accordance with the following formula:

A + B + C + D – (E + F + G)

In the above formula, the letters from “A” to “G” are defined as follows:

“A”= the total amount of “other capital surplus” and “other retained earnings,” each such amount that is appearing on its non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last fiscal year;

“B”= (if the Company has disposed of its treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of the consideration for such treasury stock received by the Company less the book value thereof;

“C”= (if the Company has reduced its stated capital after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of such reduction less the portion thereof that has been transferred to additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (if any);

“D”= (if the Company has reduced its additional paid-in capital or legal reserve after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of such reduction less the portion thereof that has been transferred to stated capital (if any);

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“E”= (if the Company has cancelled its treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the book value of such treasury stock;

“F”= (if the Company has distributed Surplus to its shareholders after the end of the last fiscal year) the total book value of the Surplus so distributed;

“G”= certain other amounts set forth in the ordinances of the Ministry of Justice, including (if the Company has reduced Surplus and increased its stated capital, additional paid-in capital or legal reserve after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of such reduction and (if the Company has distributed Surplus to the shareholders after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount set aside in the additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (if any) as required by the ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

The aggregate book value of Surplus distributed by the Company may not exceed a prescribed distributable amount (the “Distributable Amount”), as calculated on the effective date of such distribution. The Distributable Amount at any given time shall be equal to the amount of Surplus less the aggregate of the following:

(a) the book value of the Company’s treasury stock;

(b) the amount of consideration for the treasury stock disposed of by the Company after the end of the last fiscal year; and

(c) certain other amounts set forth in the ordinances of the Ministry of Justice, including (if the sum of one-half of goodwill and the deferred assets exceeds the total of stated capital, additional paid-in capital and legal reserve, each such amount that is appearing on the non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last fiscal year) all or certain part of such exceeding amount as calculated in accordance with the ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

If the Company has become at its option a company with respect to which consolidated balance sheets should also be taken into consideration in the calculation of the Distributable Amount (renketsu haito kisei tekiyo kaisha), it will be required to further deduct from the amount of Surplus the excess amount (if the amount is zero or below zero) of (x) the total amount of shareholders’ equity appearing on its non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last fiscal year and certain other amounts set forth in the ordinances of the Ministry of Justice over (y) the total amount of shareholders’ equity and certain amounts set forth in the ordinances of the Ministry of Justice appearing on its consolidated balance sheets as of the end of the last fiscal year.

If the Company has prepared interim financial statements as described below, and if such interim financial statements have been approved (unless exempted by the Corporation Law of Japan) by a general meeting of shareholders, the Distributable Amount must be adjusted to take into account the amount of profit or loss, and the amount of consideration for the treasury stock disposed of by the Company, during the period in respect of which such interim financial statements have been prepared. The Company may prepare non-consolidated interim financial statements consisting of a balance sheet as of any date subsequent to the end of the last fiscal year and an income statement for the period from the first day of the current fiscal year to the date of such balance sheet. Interim financial statements so prepared by the Company must be approved by the board of directors and audited by its independent auditors, as required by the ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

Stock Splits

The Corporation Law of Japan permits the Company, by resolution of its Board of Directors, to make stock splits, regardless of the value of net assets (as appearing in its latest non-consolidated balance sheet) per share. In addition, by resolution of the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company may increase the authorized shares up to the number reflecting the rate of stock splits and amend its Articles of Incorporation to this effect without the approval of a shareholders’ meeting. For example, if each share became three shares by way of a stock split, the Company may increase the authorized shares from the current 3,000,000,000 shares to 9,000,000,000 shares.

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Under the Book-Entry Law, the Company must give notice to JASDEC regarding a stock split at least two weeks prior to the relevant record date. On the effective date of the stock split, the numbers of shares recorded in all accounts held by the Company’s shareholders at account management institutions or JASDEC will be increased in accordance with the applicable ratio.

Japanese Unit Share System

The Company’s Articles of Incorporation provided that 100 shares of common stock constitute one “unit”. The Corporation Law of Japan permits the Company, by resolution of its Board of Directors, to reduce the number of shares which constitutes one unit or abolish the unit share system, and amend its Articles of Incorporation to this effect without the approval of a shareholders’ meeting.

Transferability of Shares Representing Less than One Unit

Under the new clearing system, shares constituting less than one unit are transferable. However, because shares constituting less than one unit do not comprise a trading unit, such shares may not be sold on the Japanese stock exchanges under the rules of the Japanese stock exchanges.

Right of a Holder of Shares Representing Less than One Unit to Require the Company to Purchase Its Shares

A holder of shares representing less than one unit may at any time require the Company to purchase its shares through the account management institutions and JASDEC; provided, however, that the Company is not obliged to do so if the Company does not own its own shares in the number which it is requested to sell. These shares will be purchased at (a) the closing price of the shares reported by the TSE on the day when the request to purchase is made or (b) if no sale takes place on the TSE on that day, then the price at which sale of shares is effected on such stock exchange immediately thereafter.

Right of a Holder of Shares Representing Less than One Unit to Purchase from the Company its Shares up to a Whole Unit

The Articles of Incorporation of the Company provide that a holder of shares representing less than one unit may require the Company to sell its shares to such holder so that the holder can raise its fractional ownership to a whole unit; provided, however, that the Company is not obliged to do so if the Company does not own its own shares in the number which it is requested to sell. Such a request shall be made through the account management institutions and JASDEC. These shares will be sold at (a) the closing price of the shares reported by the TSE on the day when the request to sell becomes effective or (b) if no sale has taken place on the TSE on that day, then the price at which sale of shares is effected on such stock exchange immediately thereafter.

Voting Rights of a Holder of Shares Representing Less than One Unit

A holder of shares representing less than one unit cannot exercise any voting rights pertaining to those shares. In calculating the quorum for various voting purposes, the aggregate number of shares representing less than one unit will be excluded from the number of outstanding shares. A holder of shares representing one or more whole units will have one vote for each whole unit represented.

A holder of shares representing less than one unit does not have any rights relating to voting, such as the right to participate in a demand for the resignation of a director, the right to participate in a demand for the convocation of a general meeting of shareholders and the right to join with other shareholders to propose an agenda item to be addressed at a general meeting of shareholders.

However, a holder of shares constituting less than one unit has all other rights of a shareholder in respect of those shares, including the following rights:

• to receive annual and interim dividends,

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• to receive cash or other assets in case of consolidation or split of shares, exchange or transfer of shares or corporate merger,

• to be allotted rights to subscribe for free for new shares when such rights are granted to shareholders, and

• to participate in any distribution of surplus assets upon liquidation.

Ordinary and Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders

The Company normally holds its ordinary general meeting of shareholders in March of each year in Ohta-ku, Tokyo or in a neighboring area. In addition, the Company may hold an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders whenever necessary by giving at least two weeks advance notice. Under the Corporation Law of Japan, notice of any shareholders’ meeting must be given to each shareholder having voting rights or, in the case of a non-resident shareholder, to his resident proxy or mailing address in Japan in accordance with the Company’s Regulations for Handling of Shares, at least two weeks prior to the date of the meeting.

Voting Rights

A shareholder is generally entitled to one vote per one unit of shares as described in this paragraph and under “Japanese Unit Share System” above. In general, under the Corporation Law of Japan, a resolution can be adopted at a general meeting of shareholders by a majority of the shares having voting rights represented at the meeting. The Corporation Law of Japan and the Company’s Articles of Incorporation require a quorum for the election of directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members of not less than one-third of the total number of outstanding shares having voting rights. The Company’s shareholders are not entitled to cumulative voting in the election of Directors. A corporate shareholder whose outstanding shares are in turn more than one-quarter directly or indirectly owned by the Company does not have voting rights. Shareholders may exercise their voting rights through proxies, provided that those proxies are also shareholders who have voting rights.

Pursuant to the Corporation Law of Japan and the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, a quorum of not less than one-third of the outstanding shares with voting rights must be present at a shareholders’ meeting to approve any material corporate actions such as:

• a reduction of stated capital,

• amendment of the Articles of Incorporation (except amendments which the Board of Directors are authorized to make under the Corporation Law of Japan as described in “Stock Splits” and “Japanese Unit Share System” above),

• the removal of a director or Audit & Supervisory Board Member,

• establishment of a 100% parent-subsidiary relationship by way of share exchange or share transfer,

• a dissolution, merger or consolidation,

• a corporate separation,

• the transfer of the whole or an important part of the Company’s business,

• the taking over of the whole of the business of any other corporation,

• any issuance of new shares at a “specially favorable” price, stock acquisition rights (shinkabu yoyakuken) with “specially favorable” conditions or bonds with stock acquisition rights (shinkabu yoyakuken-tsuki shasai) with “specially favorable” conditions to persons other than shareholders,

• release of part of Directors’ or Audit & Supervisory Board Members’ liabilities to the Company,

• distribution of Surplus in kind with respect to which shareholders are not granted the right to require the Company to make such distribution in cash instead of in kind,

• purchase of shares by the Company from a specific shareholder other than its subsidiaries,

• consolidation of shares, and

• discharge of a portion of liabilities of Directors, Audit & Supervisory Board Members or independent auditors that are owed to the Company.

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At least two-thirds of the outstanding shares having voting rights present at the meeting is required to approve these actions.

The voting rights of holders of ADSs are exercised by the depositary based on instructions from those holders.

Subscription Rights

Holders of shares have no pre-emptive rights. Authorized but unissued shares may be issued at such times and upon such terms as the board of directors determines, subject to the limitations as to the issue of new shares at a “specially favorable” price mentioned in “Voting Rights” above. The board of directors may, however, determine that shareholders be given subscription rights to new shares, in which case they must be given on uniform terms to all shareholders as of a record date with not less than two weeks prior public notice. Each of the shareholders to whom such rights are given must also be given at least two weeks prior notice of the date on which such rights will expire.

Stock Acquisition Rights

The Company may issue stock acquisition rights or bonds with stock acquisition rights (in relation to which the stock acquisition rights are undetachable). Except where the issue would be on “specially favorable” conditions mentioned in “Voting Rights” above, the issue of stock acquisition rights or bonds with stock acquisition rights may be authorized by a resolution of the board of directors. Subject to the terms and conditions thereof, holders of stock acquisition rights may acquire a prescribed number of shares by exercising their stock acquisition rights and paying the exercise price at any time during the exercise period thereof. Upon exercise of stock acquisition rights, the Company will be obliged to either issue the relevant number of new shares or transfer the necessary number of existing shares held by it as treasury stock to the holder. The entitlements accorded to stock acquisition rights attached to bonds are substantially similar to those accorded to stock acquisition rights issued without being attached to bonds, provided that, if so determined by the board of directors at the time of its resolution authorizing the issue of the relevant bonds with stock acquisition rights, then, upon exercise of the stock acquisition rights, their exercise price will be deemed to have been paid by the holder thereof to the Company in lieu of the Company redeeming the relevant bonds.

Liquidation Rights

In the event of liquidation, the assets remaining after payment of all debts, liquidation expenses and taxes will be distributed among the shareholders in proportion to the number of shares they own.

Liability to Further Calls or Assessments

All of the Company’s currently outstanding shares, including shares represented by the ADSs, are fully paid and nonassessable.

Share Registrar

Mizuho Trust & Banking Co., Ltd. (“Mizuho Trust”) is the share registrar for the Company’s shares. Mizuho Trust’s office is located at 2-1, Yaesu 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Under the clearing system, Mizuho Trust maintains the Company’s register of shareholders and records transfers of record ownership upon the Company’s receipt of necessary information from JASDEC and other information in the register of shareholders, as described under “Record Date” below.

Record Date

The close of business on December 31 is the record date for the Company’s year-end dividends, if paid. June 30 is the record date for interim dividends, if paid. A holder of shares constituting one or more whole units

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who is registered as a holder on the Company’s register of shareholders at the close of business as of December 31 is also entitled to exercise shareholders’ voting rights at the ordinary general meeting of shareholders with respect to the fiscal year ending on December 31. In addition, the Company may set a record date for determining the shareholders entitled to other rights and for other purposes by giving at least two weeks prior public notice.

Under the Book-Entry Law, the Company is required to give notice of each record date to JASDEC at least two weeks prior to such record date. JASDEC is required to promptly give the Company notice of the names and addresses of the Company’s shareholders, the numbers of shares held by them and other relevant information as of such record date.

The shares generally trade ex-dividend or ex-rights in the Japanese stock exchanges on the second business day before a record date (or if the record date is not a business day, the third business day prior thereto), for the purpose of dividends or rights offerings.

Repurchase by the Company of Shares

Under the Corporation Law of Japan, the Company may acquire its shares (i) by soliciting all shareholders to offer to sell its shares held by them (in this case, the certain terms of such acquisition, such as the total number of the shares to be purchased and the total amount of the consideration, shall be set by an ordinary resolution of a general meeting of shareholders in advance, and acquisition shall be effected pursuant to a resolution of the board of directors), (ii) from a specific shareholder other than any of the Company’s subsidiaries (pursuant to a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders), (iii) from any of the Company’s subsidiaries (pursuant to a resolution of the board of directors), or (iv) by way of purchase on any Japanese stock exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed by way of tender offer (in either case pursuant to a resolution of the board directors). In the case of (ii) above, if the purchase price or any other consideration to be received by the relevant specific shareholder exceeds the then market price of the Company’s shares calculated in a manner set forth in the ordinances of the Ministry of Justice, any other shareholder may make a request to a representative director to be included as a seller in the proposed acquisition by the Company.

The total amount of the purchase price of the Company’s shares may not exceed the Distributable Amount, as described in “Restriction on Distributions of Surplus” above.

In addition, the Company may acquire its shares by means of repurchase of any number of shares constituting less than one unit upon the request of the holder of those shares, as described under “Japanese Unit Share System” above.

C. Material contracts

All contracts entered into by Company during the two years preceding the date of this annual report were entered into in the ordinary course of business.

D. Exchange controls

(a) Information with respect to Japanese exchange regulations affecting the Company’s security holders is as follows:

The Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law of Japan and the cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances thereunder (the “Foreign Exchange Regulations”) govern certain aspects relating to the issuance of securities by the Company and the acquisition and holding of such securities by “non-residents of Japan” and by “foreign investors”, as hereinafter defined.

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“Non-residents of Japan” are defined as individuals who are not resident in Japan and corporations whose principal offices are located outside Japan. Generally, branches and other offices of Japanese corporations located outside Japan are regarded as non-residents of Japan, while branches and other offices located within Japan of non-resident corporations are regarded as residents of Japan. “Foreign investors” are defined to be (i) individuals not resident in Japan, (ii) corporations which are organized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside Japan, (iii) corporations of which 50% or more of the shares are held by (i) and / or (ii) above and (iv) corporations in respect of which (a) a majority of the officers are non-resident individuals or (b) a majority of the officers having the power to represent the corporation are non-resident individuals.

Issuance of Securities by the Company

Under the Foreign Exchange Regulations, the issue of securities outside Japan by the Company is, in principle, not subject to a prior notification requirement, but subject to a post reporting requirement of the Minister of Finance. Under the Foreign Exchange Regulations as currently in effect, payments of principal, premium and interest in respect of securities and any additional amounts payable pursuant to the terms thereof may in general be paid when made without any restrictions under the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

Acquisition of Shares

In general, the acquisition of shares of stock of a Japanese company listed on any Japanese stock exchange by a non-resident of Japan from a resident of Japan is not subject to a prior notification requirement, but subject to a post reporting requirement of the Minister of Finance by such resident.

In the case where a foreign investor intends to acquire listed shares (whether from a resident or a non-resident of Japan, from another foreign investor or from or through a designated securities company) and as a result of such acquisition the number of shares held, directly or indirectly, by such foreign investor (if there are other foreign investors with whom the foreign investor has a special relationship, the shares held by such other foreign investors will be included in the number) would become 10% or more of the total outstanding shares of the company, the foreign investor must generally report such acquisition to the Minister of Finance and other Ministers having jurisdiction over the business of the subject company by the 15th day of the immediately following month in the date of acquisition falls. In certain exceptional cases, a prior notification is required in respect of such acquisition.

Acquisition of Shares upon Exercise of Rights for Subscription of Shares

The acquisition by a non-resident of Japan of shares upon exercise of his rights for subscription of shares is exempted from the notification and reporting requirements described under “Acquisition of Shares” above.

Dividends and Proceeds of Sales

Under the Foreign Exchange Regulations currently in effect, dividends paid on, and the proceeds of sale in Japan of, the shares held by non-residents of Japan may be converted into any foreign currency and repatriated abroad. The acquisition of shares by non-resident shareholders by way of stock splits is not subject to any of the aforesaid notification requirements.

(b) Reporting of Substantial Shareholdings:

The Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan requires any person who has become, beneficially and solely or jointly, a holder of more than 5% of the total outstanding voting shares of capital stock of a company listed on any Japanese stock exchange to file with the relevant Local Finance Bureau of the Minister of Finance within five business days a report concerning such share ownership. A similar report must also be made in respect of any subsequent change of 1% or more in any such holding. Copies of any such report must also be

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furnished to the issuer of such shares and all Japanese stock exchanges on which the shares are listed. For this purpose, shares with exercisable rights for subscription of shares held by such holder are taken into account in determining both the size of a holding and a company’s total outstanding share capital.

E. Taxation

1. Taxation in Japan

Generally, a non-resident of Japan or non-Japanese corporation (a “Non-Resident Holder”) is subject to Japanese withholding tax on dividends paid by Japanese corporations. Stock splits are not subject to Japanese income tax. A conversion of retained earnings or legal reserve (but, not additional paid-in capital, in general) into stated capital (whether made in connection with a stock split or otherwise) is not treated as a deemed dividend payment to shareholders for Japanese tax purposes. Thus, such a conversion does not trigger Japanese withholding taxation. (Article 2 (16) of the Japanese Corporation Tax Law and Article 8 (1) (xiii) of the Japanese Corporation Tax Law Enforcement Order).

Pursuant to the Convention Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (the “Treaty”), dividend payments made by a Japanese corporation to a U.S. resident or corporation, unless the recipient of the dividend has a “permanent establishment” in Japan and the shares or ADSs with respect to which such dividends are paid are effectively connected with such “permanent establishment,” will be subject to a withholding tax at rate of: (1) 10% for portfolio investors who are qualified U.S. residents eligible for benefits of the Treaty; and (2) 0% (i.e., no withholding) for pension funds which are qualified U.S. residents eligible for benefits of the Treaty, provided that the dividends are not derived from the carrying on of a business, directly or indirectly, by such pension funds. Japan is a party to a number of income tax treaties, conventions and agreements, (collectively “Tax Treaties”), whereby the maximum withholding tax rate for dividend payments is set at, in most cases, 15% for portfolio investors who are Non-Resident Holders. Specific countries with which such Tax Treaties have been entered into include Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Spain, and Sweden. Japan’s income tax treaties with Australia, France, The Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom have been amended to generally reduce the maximum withholding tax rate to 10%.

On the other hand, unless one of the applicable Tax Treaties reducing the maximum rate of withholding tax applies, the standard tax rate applicable to dividends paid with respect to listed shares, such as those paid by the Company on shares or ADSs, to Non-Resident Holders is 7% under the Japanese Income Tax Law. This standard withholding tax rate is applicable for dividends due and payable on or before December 31, 2013. After January 1, 2014, a 15% rate will apply, except for dividends paid to any individual shareholder who holds 3% or more of the issued shares, in which case the applicable rate is 20% (please refer to Article 182(2) of the Japanese Income Tax Law and Article 9-3(1)(i) of the Japanese Special Tax Measures Law including its relevant temporary provision for these withholding rates). On December 2, 2011, the “Special measures act to secure the financial resources required to implement policy on restoration of the East Japan Earthquake” (Act No. 117 of 2011) was promulgated and special surtax measures on income tax and withholding tax were introduced thereafter to fund the restoration effort for the earthquake. Income tax and withholding tax payers will need to pay a surtax, calculated by multiplying the standard tax rate by 2.1% for 25 years starting from January 1, 2013 (“Surtax”). As a result, the withholding tax rate applicable to dividends paid with respect to listed shares to Non-Resident Holders increased on January 1, 2013, to 7.147% (“Temporary Rate”) and will be 15.315% from January 1, 2014 until December 31, 2037.

Taking this Temporary Rate into account, the treaty rates such as the 15% rate (or 10% for eligible U.S. residents subject to the Treaty and/or eligible residents subject to other similarly renewed treaties mentioned above) will apply only after the expiration of the Temporary Rate (i.e., from January 1, 2014), in general, except for dividends paid to any individual holder who holds 3% or more of the total issued shares, in which case the applicable rate is 20.42% (standard tax rate of 20% plus the Surtax). While the treaty rate normally overrides the

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domestic rate, due to the so-called “preservation doctrine” under Article 1(2) of the Treaty, and/or due to Article 3-2 of the Special Measures Law for the Income Tax Law, Corporation Tax Law and Local Taxes Law with respect to the Implementation of Tax Treaties, if the tax rate under the domestic tax law is lower than that promulgated under the applicable income tax treaty, then the domestic tax rate is still applicable. If the domestic tax rate applies, as will generally be the case until December 31, 2013 for most holders of shares or ADSs who are U.S. residents or corporations, no treaty application is required to be filed. In the case where the treaty rate is applicable, no Surtax is imposed but in order to enjoy the lower treaty rate, the treaty application filing is required in advance through the Company. Gains derived from the sale outside Japan of Japanese corporations’ shares or ADSs by Non-Resident Holders, or from the sale of Japanese corporations’ shares or ADSs within Japan by a non-resident of Japan as an occasional transaction or by a non-Japanese corporation not having a permanent establishment in Japan, are generally not subject to Japanese income or corporation taxes, provided that the seller is a portfolio investor. Japanese inheritance and gift taxes at progressive rates may apply to an individual who has acquired Japanese corporations’ shares or ADSs as a distributee, legatee or donee.

2. Taxation in the United States

The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the Company shares or ADSs to the U.S. holders described below, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s decision to acquire, hold or dispose of such securities. The discussion does not address the potential application of the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), known as the “Medicare contribution tax.” The discussion applies only if a U.S. holder holds the Company shares or ADSs as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes and it does not address special classes of holders, such as:

• certain financial institutions;

• insurance companies;

• dealers and traders in securities or foreign currencies;

• persons holding the Company shares or ADSs as part of a hedge, straddle, conversion, other integrated transaction or other similar transaction;

• persons whose functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar;

• partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

• persons liable for the alternative minimum tax;

• tax-exempt entities;

• persons holding the Company shares or ADSs that own or are deemed to own 10% or more of any class of the Company stock;

• persons who acquired the Company shares or ADSs pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation; or

• persons holding shares in connection with trade or business conducted outside of the United States.

This discussion is based on the Code, administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions, final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations and the Treaty, all as of the date hereof. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. It is also based in part on representations by the depositary and assumes that each obligation under the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. An investor should consult its own tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences, owning and disposing of the Company shares or ADSs in its particular circumstances.

As used herein, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of the Company shares or ADSs that is eligible for the benefits of the Treaty and is, for U.S. federal tax purposes:

• a citizen or individual resident of the United States;

• a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state there of or the District of Columbia; or

• an estate or trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source.

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If an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds the Company shares or ADSs, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding the Company shares or ADSs and partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of the Company shares or ADSs.

In general, if a U.S. holder owns ADSs, it will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the owner of the underlying shares represented by those ADSs. Accordingly, no gain or loss will be recognized if a U.S. holder exchanges ADSs for the underlying shares represented by those ADSs.

The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom American depositary shares are released before shares are delivered to the depositary (“pre-released”), or intermediaries in the chain of ownership between the holder and the issuer of the security underlying the American depositary shares, may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. holders of American depositary shares. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Japanese taxes and the reduced rates of taxation applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders, both as described below, could be affected by actions that may be taken by parties to whom ADSs are pre-released or by intermediaries.

This discussion assumes that the Company was not a passive foreign investment company for 2012, as described below.

Taxation of Distributions

Distributions paid on the Company shares or ADSs, other than certain pro rata distributions of common shares, to the extent paid out of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) will be treated as dividends. Because the Company does not maintain calculations of its earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, it is expected that distributions will be reported to U.S. holders as dividends. The amount of a dividend will include any amounts withheld by the Company or its paying agent in respect of Japanese taxes. The amount of the dividend will be treated as foreign-source dividend income and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations. Subject to applicable limitations that may vary depending upon a U.S. holder’s individual circumstances and the concerns of the U.S. Treasury described above, dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. holders will be taxable at the favorable rates applicable to long-term capital gains. Non-corporate U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisers to determine whether they are subject to any special rules that limit their ability to be taxed at these favorable rates.

Dividends paid in Japanese yen will be included in a U.S. holder’s income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt of the dividend by the U.S. holder, in the case of the Company shares, or by the depositary, in the case of ADSs, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars at that time. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. A U.S. holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the dividend is not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt.

Japanese income taxes withheld from cash dividends on the Company shares or ADSs at a rate not exceeding the rate provided by the Treaty will be creditable against a U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to applicable limitations that may vary depending upon a U.S. holder’s circumstances and the concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury described above. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex, and a U.S. holder should consult its own tax adviser regarding the availability of foreign tax credits in its particular circumstances. Instead of claiming a credit, a U.S. holder may, at its election, deduct such Japanese taxes in computing its income, subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. federal income tax law.

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Sale or Other Disposition of the Company Shares or ADSs

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, gain or loss a U.S. holder realizes on the sale or other disposition of the Company shares or ADSs will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if such holder held the Company shares or ADSs for more than one year. The amount of a U.S. holder’s gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar amount realized on the disposition and the U.S. holder’s U.S. dollar tax basis in the Company shares or ADSs that were disposed of. Such gain or loss will generally be U.S.-source gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitation.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

The Company believes that it was not a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes for its 2012 fiscal year. However, since PFIC status depends upon the composition of the Company’s income and assets and the market value of its assets (including, among others, goodwill and equity investments in less than 25% owned entities) from time to time, there can be no assurance that the Company will not be considered a PFIC for any taxable year. If the Company were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. holder held the Company shares or ADSs, certain adverse tax consequences could apply to such U.S. holder.

If the Company were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. holder held the Company shares or ADSs, gain recognized by a U.S. holder on the sale or other disposition including certain pledges of the Company shares or ADSs would be allocated ratably over its holding period for such securities. The amounts allocated to the taxable year of the sale or other disposition and to any year before the Company became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect in such taxable year for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, and an interest charge would be imposed on the tax liability attributable to such allocated amounts. Further, any distribution in respect of the Company shares or ADSs in excess of 125% of the average of the annual distributions on such securities received by a U.S. holder during the preceding three years or its holding period, whichever is shorter, would be subject to taxation as described immediately above. Certain elections (including a mark-to-market election) may be available to a U.S. holder that may result in alternative tax treatments.

In addition, if the Company were treated as a PFIC in a taxable year in which it pays a dividend or the prior taxable year, the favorable tax rates discussed above with respect to dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. holders would not apply.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Payments of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries generally are subject to information reporting and to backup withholding unless the U.S. holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient or, in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. holder will be allowed as a credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle it to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.

Certain U.S. holders who are individuals may be required to report information relating to stock of a non-U.S. person, generally on IRS Form 8938, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for stock held in custodial accounts maintained by a U.S. financial institution). U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of this requirement on their tax reporting obligations.

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F. Dividends and paying agents

Not applicable.

G. Statement by experts

Not applicable.

H. Documents on display

Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company is subject to requirements information disclosure. The Company files various reports and other information, including Form 20-F and Annual Reports, with the Securities Exchange Commission and the NYSE. These reports may be inspected at the following sites.

Securities Exchange Commission (Public Reference Room):

100 F Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549

New York Stock Exchange, Inc.:

20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005

Form 20-F is also available at the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, Retrieval system (EDGAR) website which is maintained by the Securities Exchange Commission.

Securities Exchange Commission Home Page:

http://www.sec.gov

I. Subsidiary information

Not applicable.

Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk exposures

Canon is exposed to market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and prices of marketable securities and investments. In order to hedge the risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, Canon uses derivative financial instruments.

Equity price risk

Canon holds marketable securities included in current assets, which consist generally of highly-liquid and low-risk instruments. Investments included in noncurrent assets are held as long-term investments. Canon does not hold marketable securities and investments for trading purposes.

Maturities and fair values of such marketable securities and investments with original maturities of more than three months, all of which were classified as available-for-sale securities, were as follows at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Available-for-sale securities

	2012				2011
	Cost		Fair value		Cost		Fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Due within one year	¥	30	¥	30	¥	20	¥	20
Due after one year through five years		953		990		962		926
Due after five years through ten years		1,010		985		1,646		1,608
Equity securities		14,866		21,335		15,911		17,724
	¥	16,859	¥	23,340	¥	18,539	¥	20,278

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Foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate risk

Canon operates internationally, exposing it to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Derivative financial instruments are comprised principally of foreign currency exchange contracts utilized by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to reduce the risk. Canon assesses foreign currency exchange rate risk by continually monitoring changes in the exposures and by evaluating hedging opportunities. Canon does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Canon is also exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments, but it is not expected that any counterparties will fail to meet their obligations. Most of the counterparties are internationally recognized financial institutions and selected by Canon taking into account their financial condition, and contracts are diversified across a number of major financial institutions.

Canon’s international operations expose Canon to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Canon uses foreign exchange contracts to manage certain foreign currency exchange exposures principally from the exchange of U.S. dollars and euros into Japanese yen. These contracts are primarily used to hedge the foreign currency exposure of forecasted intercompany sales and intercompany trade receivables which are denominated in foreign currencies. In accordance with Canon’s policy, a specific portion of foreign currency exposure resulting from forecasted intercompany sales are hedged using foreign exchange contracts which principally mature within three months.

The following table provides information about Canon’s major derivative financial instruments related to foreign currency exchange transactions existing at December 31, 2012. All of the foreign exchange contracts described in the following table have a contractual maturity date in 2013.

	U.S.$			Euro			Others			Total
	(Millions of yen)
Forwards to sell foreign currencies:
Contract amounts	¥	220,742		¥	172,641		¥	26,889		¥	420,272
Estimated fair value		(12,365	)		(11,444	)		(1,600	)		(25,409	)
Forwards to buy foreign currencies:
Contract amounts	¥	38,826		¥	27,737		¥	—		¥	66,563
Estimated fair value		136			611			—			747

All of Canon’s long-term debt is fixed rate debt. Canon expects that fair value changes and cash flows resulting from reasonable near-term changes in interest rates will be immaterial. Accordingly, Canon believes interest rate risk is insignificant. See also Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, including foreign exchange contracts associated with forecasted intercompany sales, are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These amounts are subsequently reclassified into earnings through other income (deductions) in the same period as the hedged items affect earnings. Substantially all such amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at year-end are expected to be recognized in earnings over the next twelve months. Canon excludes the time value component from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Changes in the fair value of a foreign exchange contract for the period between the date that the forecasted intercompany sales occur and its maturity date are recognized in earnings and not considered hedge ineffectiveness.

The amount of the hedging ineffectiveness was not material for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. The amounts of net losses excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (time value component) which was recorded in other income (deductions) was ¥221 million, ¥457 million and ¥302 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Canon has entered into certain foreign currency exchange contracts to manage its foreign currency exposures. These foreign currency exchange contracts have not been designated as hedges. Accordingly, the changes in fair values of these contracts are recorded in earnings immediately.

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Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

A. Debt securities

Not applicable.

B. Warrants and rights

Not applicable.

C. Other securities

Not applicable.

D. American Depositary Shares

3. (a) Depositing or substituting the underlying shares

Not applicable.

(b) Receiving or distributing dividends

Not applicable.

(c) Selling or exercising rights

Upon the distribution or sale of Canon’s ADSs, a holder of American Depositary Receipts is required to pay a commission fee of $5.00 to the depositary for each 100 ADSs (or part of the 100 ADSs) for this transaction.

(d) Withdrawing an underlying security

Not applicable.

(e) Transferring, splitting or grouping receipts

Not applicable.

(f) General depositary services, particularly those charged on an annual basis

Not applicable.

(g) Expenses of the depositary

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

None.

Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 15. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Canon’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and Canon’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that Canon’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, are effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2012.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The management of Canon is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as amended, as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Canon’s management assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (the “COSO criteria”).

Based on its assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2012, Canon’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on the COSO criteria.

Canon’s independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of Canon’s internal control over financial reporting. This report appears in Item 18.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in Canon’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Annual Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

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Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

Canon’s Audit & Supervisory Board has determined that Shunji Onda and Kazunori Watanabe each qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules of the SEC. Shunji Onda began his career at Canon in 1972, and since that time has worked in the field of finance and accounting for more than thirty years. From 2006 to 2007, Shunji Onda served as a Deputy Group Executive of Finance & Accounting HQ, the division responsible for Canon’s consolidated reporting. Kazunori Watanabe registered as a Certified Public Accountant in Japan in 1978, and since that time has worked in the field of audit as independent auditor of several companies such as electric industry areas for more than thirty years. Shunji Onda and Kazunori Watanabe were elected as one of Canon’s Audit & Supervisory Board Members at an ordinary general meeting of shareholders held in March 2010. Shunji Onda and Kazunori Watanabe met the independence requirements imposed on Audit & Supervisory Board Members as set forth by Japanese legal provisions.

Item 16B. Code of Ethics

Canon maintains a “Canon Group Code of Conduct” or Code of Conduct, applicable to all executives and employees. The Code of Conduct sets forth provisions relating to honest and ethical conduct (including the handling of conflicts of interest), compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations and accountability for adherence to the provisions of the Code of Conduct. The Board of Directors maintains a “Code of Ethics” as a supplement to the Code of Conduct. This Code of Ethics applies to Canon’s President and Chief Executive Officer, each member of the Board of Directors (which includes the Chief Financial Officer) and general managers belonging to Canon’s accounting headquarters. The Code of Ethics requires full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that Canon files with or submits to the SEC and in Canon’s other communications with the public, prompt internal reporting of violations of the Code of Conduct or Code of Ethics, and accountability for adherence to their provisions. Both the Code of Conduct and the Code of Ethics have been filed as exhibits.

Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services of Independent Auditors

Canon’s Audit & Supervisory Board consisting of five members, including three outside auditors, is responsible for the oversight of the services of its independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit & Supervisory Board has established Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures for Audit and Non-Audit Services. These policies and procedures govern the Audit & Supervisory Board’ review and approval of the board of director’s engagement of Canon’s independent registered public accounting firm to render audit or non-audit services. Non-audit services include audit-related services, tax services and other services, as described in greater detail below under “Fees and Services.” Canon and any affiliate controlled by Canon directly, indirectly or through one or more intermediaries must follow these policies and procedures before any engagement of Canon’s independent registered public accounting firm for U.S. securities law reporting purposes.

The policies and procedures stipulate three means by which audit and non-audit services may be pre-approved, depending on the content of and the fee for the services.

• All services provided to Canon necessary to perform an annual audit or review to comply with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), in any jurisdiction, including tax services and accounting consultation necessary to comply with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) in those jurisdictions, and any engagement of an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for any audit or non-audit service involving estimated fees exceeding ¥10,000,000 per single engagement must be pre-approved by the majority of Audit & Supervisory Board.

• Certain other services may be pre-approved under detailed categories of audit and non-audit services established annually by the Audit & Supervisory Board, as long as those services do not exceed

97

specified maximum yen limits for aggregate fees relating to each of those categories. Any engagement of an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm by this means must be reported to the Audit & Supervisory Board at its next regularly scheduled meeting.

• For services that are not covered by the above two means of pre-approval, the Audit & Supervisory Board has delegated pre-approval authority to any of the standing Audit & Supervisory Board Members of the board. Any engagement of an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm pre-approved by one of the standing Audit & Supervisory Board Members is required to be reported to the Audit & Supervisory Board at its next regularly scheduled meeting.

Additional services may be pre-approved by the Audit & Supervisory Board on an individual basis.

No services were provided for which pre-approval was waived pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

Fees and services

The following table discloses the aggregate fees accrued or paid to Canon’s principal accountant and member firms of Ernst & Young for each of the last two fiscal years and briefly describes the services performed:

	Year ended December 31, 2012		Year ended December 31, 2011
	(Millions of yen)
Audit fees	¥	2,194	¥	2,176
Audit-related fees		25		59
Tax fees		250		134
All other fees		177		420
Total	¥	2,646	¥	2,789

Audit fees include fees billed for professional services rendered for audits of Canon’s annual consolidated financial statements, reviews of consolidated quarterly financial information and statutory audits of the Company and its subsidiaries.

Audit-related fees include fees billed for assurance and related services such as due diligence, accounting consultations and audits in connection with mergers and acquisitions, employee benefit plan audits, internal control reviews, and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.

Tax fees include fees billed for services related to tax compliance, including the preparation of tax returns and claims for refund, tax planning and tax advice, including assistance with tax audits and appeals, advice related to mergers and acquisitions, tax services for employee benefit plans and assistance with respect to requests for rulings from tax authorities.

All other fees include fees billed primarily for services rendered with respect to advisory and educational services.

Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC served as Canon’s principal accountant for 2012 and 2011.

Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Canon is relying on the general exemption contained in Rule 10A-3(c)(3) under the Exchange Act. Because of such reliance, Canon does not have an audit committee which can act independently and satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.

98

According to Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and NYSE listing standards, Canon’s Audit & Supervisory Board has been identified to act in place of an audit committee. The Audit & Supervisory Board meets the following requirements of the general exemption contained in Rule 10A-3(c)(3):

• the Audit & Supervisory Board is established pursuant to applicable Japanese law and Canon’s Articles of Incorporation;

• under Japanese legal requirements, the Audit & Supervisory Board is separate from the board of directors;

• the Audit & Supervisory Board is not elected by the management of Canon and no executive officer of Canon is a member of the Audit & Supervisory Board;

• all of the members of the Audit & Supervisory Board meet specific independence requirements from the Company and Canon, the management and the auditing firm, as set forth by Japanese legal provisions;

• the Audit & Supervisory Board, in accordance with and to the extent permitted by Japanese law, is responsible for the appointment, retention and oversight of the work of Canon’s external auditors engaged for the purpose of issuing audit reports on Canon’s annual financial statements;

• the Audit & Supervisory Board maintains a complaints procedure in accordance with Rule 10A-3(b)(3) of the Exchange Act;

• the Audit & Supervisory Board is authorized to engage independent counsel and other advisers, as it deems appropriate; and

• the Audit & Supervisory Board is provided with appropriate funding for payment of (i) compensation to Canon’s independent registered public accounting firm engaged for the purpose of issuing audit reports on Canon’s annual financial statements, (ii) compensation to independent counsel and other advisers engaged by the Audit & Supervisory Board, and (iii) ordinary administrative expenses of the Audit & Supervisory Board in carrying out its duties.

Canon’s reliance on Rule 10A-3(c)(3) does not, in its opinion, materially adversely affect the ability of its Audit & Supervisory Board to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3.

Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table sets forth, for each of the months indicated, the total number of shares purchased by Canon, or on Canon’s behalf or by any affiliated purchaser, the average price paid per share, the number of shares purchased pursuant to the applicable shareholder resolution or board resolution, which are publicly announced, and the maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased pursuant to these shareholder resolutions or board resolutions.

Period	(a) Total number of shares purchased		(b) Average price paid per share		(c) Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs		(d) Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
2012	(Shares)		(Yen)
January 1 - January 31		723		3,376		—		—
February 1 - February 29		14,521,795		3,443		14,521,600		—
March 1 - March 31		879		3,731		—		—
April 1 - April 30		1,256		3,810		—		—
May 1 - May 31		642		3,652		—		—
June 1 - June 30		15,853,405		3,154		15,853,100		—
July 1 - July 31		126		3,078		—		—
August 1 - August 31		18,376,422		2,721		18,376,100		—
September 1 - September 30		576		2,639		—		—
October 1 - October 31		463		2,564		—		—
November 1 - November 30		318		2,690		—		—
December 1 - December 31		431		2,977		—		—

99

Notes:

(1) On February 2, a resolution approved at the meeting of our board directors authorized the Company to acquire to up to 16 million shares with an aggregate purchase price of ¥50 billion during the period from February 3, 2012 through March 19, 2012.

(2) On June 4, a resolution approved at the meeting of our board directors authorized the Company to acquire to up to 17 million shares with an aggregate purchase price of ¥50 billion during the period from June 5, 2012 through July 27, 2012.

(3) On July 30, a resolution approved at the meeting of our board directors authorized the Company to acquire to up to 21 million shares with an aggregate purchase price of ¥50 billion during the period from July 31, 2012 through September 10, 2012.

(4) The Company has completed all of its share repurchase plans or programs listed above by December 31, 2012.

Column (a) represents the total number of shares purchased as fractional shares from fractional shareowners in accordance with the Corporation Law of Japan, and the purchase of shares from publicly announced plans which is shown in column (c). During 2012, the Company purchased 6,236 shares for a total purchase price of 20,573,775 yen upon requests from holders of shares consisting less than one full unit.

Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

Not applicable.

Item 16G. Corporate Governance

1. Directors

Currently, the Company’s board of directors does not have any director who could be regarded as an “independent director” under the NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for U.S. listed companies. Unlike the NYSE Corporate Governance Rules, the Corporation Law of Japan (the “Corporation Law”) does not require Japanese companies with the Audit & Supervisory Board such as the Company, to appoint independent directors as members of the board of directors. The NYSE Corporate Governance Rules require non-management directors of U.S. listed companies to meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without the presence of management. Unlike the NYSE Corporate Governance Rules, however, the Corporation Law does not require companies to implement an internal corporate organ or committee comprised solely of independent directors. Thus, the Company’s board of directors currently does not include any non-management directors.

2. Committees

Under the Corporation Law, the Company may choose to:(i) have an audit committee, nomination committee and compensation committee and abolish the post of the Audit & Supervisory Board Members; or (ii) have the Audit & Supervisory Board .The Company has elected to have the Audit & Supervisory Board, whose duties include monitoring and reviewing the management and reporting the results of these activities to the shareholders or board of directors of the Company. While the NYSE Corporate Governance Rules provide that U.S. listed companies must have an audit committee, nominating committee and compensation committee, each composed entirely of independent directors, the Corporation Law does not require companies to have specified committees, including those that are responsible for director nomination, corporate governance and executive compensation.

The Company’s board of directors nominates candidates for directorships and submits a proposal at the general meeting of shareholders for shareholder approval. Pursuant to the Corporation Law, the shareholders then vote to elect directors at the meeting. The Corporation Law requires that the total amount or calculation method of compensation for directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members be determined by a resolution of the general meeting of shareholders respectively, unless the amount or calculation method is provided under the

100

Articles of Incorporation. As the Articles of Incorporation of the Company do not provide an amount or calculation method, the amount of compensation for the directors and the Audit & Supervisory Board Members of the Company is determined by a resolution of the general meeting of shareholders. The allotment of compensation for each director from the total amount of compensation is determined by the Company’s board of directors, and the allotment of compensation to each Audit & Supervisory Board Member is determined by consultation among the Company’s Audit & Supervisory Board Members.

3. Audit Committee

The Company avails itself of paragraph (c)(3) of Rule 10A-3 of the Security Exchange Act, which provides that a foreign private issuer which has established the Audit & Supervisory Board shall be exempt from the audit committee requirements, subject to certain requirements which continue to be applicable under Rule 10A-3.Pursuant to the requirements of the Corporation Law, the shareholders elect the Audit & Supervisory Board Members by resolution of a general meeting of shareholders. The Company currently has five Audit & Supervisory Board Members, although the minimum number of Audit & Supervisory Board Members required pursuant to the Corporation Law is three. Unlike the NYSE Corporate Governance Rules, Japanese laws and regulations, including the Corporation Law, do not require the Audit & Supervisory Board Members to be experts in accounting or to have any other area of expertise. Under the Corporation Law, the Audit & Supervisory Board may determine the auditing policies and methods for investigating the business and assets of a Company, and may resolve other matters concerning the execution of the Audit & Supervisory Board Member’s duties. The Audit & Supervisory Board prepares auditors’ reports and may veto a proposal for the nomination of the Audit & Supervisory Board Members, accounting auditors and the determination of the amount of compensation for the accounting auditors put forward by the board of directors. Under the Corporation Law, the half or more of a company’s Audit & Supervisory Board Members must be “outside” Audit & Supervisory Board Members. These are individuals who are prohibited to have ever been a director, executive officer, manager, or employee of the Company or its subsidiaries. The Company’s current Audit & Supervisory Board Member system meets these requirements. In addition, pursuant to the regulations of the Japanese stock exchanges, the Company is required to have one or more “independent director(s) or independent Audit & Supervisory Board Member(s)” which terms are defined under the relevant regulations of the Japanese stock exchanges as “outside directors” or “outside Audit & Supervisory Board Members” (each of which terms is defined under the Corporation Law) who are unlikely to have any conflict of interests with shareholders of the Company. Among the five members on the Company’s board of auditors, three are outside Audit & Supervisory Board Members. In addition, all such three outside Audit & Supervisory Board Members are also qualified as independent Audit & Supervisory Board Members under the regulations of the Japanese stock exchanges. The qualifications for an “outside” or “independent” Audit & Supervisory Board Member under the Corporation Law or the regulations of the Japanese stock exchanges are different from the audit committee independence requirement under the NYSE Corporate Governance Rules.

4. Shareholder Approval of Equity Compensation Plans

The NYSE Corporate Governance Rules require that shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and any material revisions of such plans, with certain limited exceptions. Under the Corporation Law, a Company is required to obtain shareholder approval regarding the stock options to be issued to directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Members as part of remuneration of directors and Audit & Supervisory Board Member.

101

PART III

Item 17. Financial Statements

Not applicable.

Item 18. Financial Statements

Consolidated financial statements of Canon Inc. and Subsidiaries:	Page number
Reports of Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		103
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011		105
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010		106
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010		107
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010		108
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010		110
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		111
Schedule:
Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December  31, 2012, 2011 and 2010		153

All other schedules are omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission as not applicable.

102

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Canon Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Canon Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 18. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Canon Inc. and subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Canon Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 28, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC

Tokyo, Japan

March 28, 2013

103

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Canon Inc.

We have audited Canon Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Canon Inc. and subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Canon Inc. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Canon Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, and our report dated March 28, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC

Tokyo, Japan

March 28, 2013

104

Canon Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 1)	¥	666,678		¥	773,227
Short-term investments (Note 2)		28,322			125,517
Trade receivables, net (Note 3)		573,375			533,208
Inventories (Note 4)		551,623			476,704
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Notes 6, 12 and 17)		262,258			244,649
Total current assets		2,082,256			2,153,305
Noncurrent receivables (Note 18)		19,702			16,772
Investments (Note 2)		56,617			51,790
Property, plant and equipment, net (Notes 5 and 6)		1,260,364			1,190,836
Intangible assets, net (Note 8)		135,736			138,030
Other assets (Notes 6, 8, 11 and 12)		400,828			379,994
Total assets	¥	3,955,503		¥	3,930,727
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities:
Short-term loans and current portion of long-term debt (Note 9)	¥	1,866		¥	8,343
Trade payables (Note 10)		325,235			380,532
Accrued income taxes (Note 12)		60,057			45,900
Accrued expenses (Notes 11 and 18)		291,348			299,422
Other current liabilities (Notes 5, 12 and 17)		165,929			159,651
Total current liabilities		844,435			893,848
Long-term debt, excluding current installments (Note 9)		2,117			3,368
Accrued pension and severance cost (Note 11)		272,131			249,604
Other noncurrent liabilities (Note 12)		82,518			70,240
Total liabilities		1,201,201			1,217,060
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 18)
Equity:
Canon Inc. stockholders’ equity:
Common stock
Authorized 3,000,000,000 shares; issued 1,333,763,464 shares in 2012 and 2011		174,762			174,762
Additional paid-in capital		401,547			401,572
Legal reserve (Note 13)		61,663			59,004
Retained earnings (Note 13)		3,138,976			3,059,298
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 14)		(367,249	)		(481,773	)
Treasury stock, at cost; 180,972,173 shares in 2012 and 132,231,296 shares in 2011		(811,673	)		(661,731	)
Total Canon Inc. stockholders’ equity		2,598,026			2,551,132
Noncontrolling interests		156,276			162,535
Total equity		2,754,302			2,713,667
Total liabilities and equity	¥	3,955,503		¥	3,930,727

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

105

Canon Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Net sales	¥	3,479,788		¥	3,557,433		¥	3,706,901
Cost of sales (Notes 5, 8, 11 and 18)		1,829,822			1,820,670			1,923,813
Gross profit		1,649,966			1,736,763			1,783,088
Operating expenses (Notes 1, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 18):
Selling, general and administrative expenses		1,029,646			1,050,892			1,079,719
Research and development expenses		296,464			307,800			315,817
		1,326,110			1,358,692			1,395,536
Operating profit		323,856			378,071			387,552
Other income (deductions):
Interest and dividend income		6,792			8,432			6,022
Interest expense		(1,022	)		(988	)		(1,931	)
Other, net (Notes 1, 2, 17 and 20)		12,931			(10,991	)		1,220
		18,701			(3,547	)		5,311
Income before income taxes		342,557			374,524			392,863
Income taxes (Note 12)		110,112			120,415			140,160
Consolidated net income		232,445			254,109			252,703
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		7,881			5,479			6,100
Net income attributable to Canon Inc.	¥	224,564		¥	248,630		¥	246,603
	(Yen)
Net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share (Note 16):
Basic	¥	191.34		¥	204.49		¥	199.71
Diluted		191.34			204.48			199.70
Cash dividends per share		130.00			120.00			120.00

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Consolidated net income	¥	232,445		¥	254,109		¥	252,703
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		133,735			(54,086	)		(126,918	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities		3,265			(2,116	)		(146	)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments		(4,880	)		(449	)		767
Pension liability adjustments		(12,787	)		(38,377	)		(9,327	)
		119,333			(95,028	)		(135,624	)
Comprehensive income (Note 14)		351,778			159,081			117,079
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		10,824			1,765			(563	)
Comprehensive income attributable to Canon Inc.	¥	340,954		¥	157,316		¥	117,642

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Equity

	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Legal reserve		Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Treasury stock			Total Canon Inc. stockholders’ equity			Non- controlling interests			Total equity
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at December 31, 2009	¥	174,762	¥	404,293		¥	54,687	¥	2,871,437		¥	(260,818)	¥	(556,252	)	¥	2,688,109		¥	191,291		¥	2,879,400
Acquisition of subsidiaries																				19,168			19,168
Equity transactions with noncontrolling interests and other				(3,787	)				(13,453	)		(680)		55,250			37,330			(43,214	)		(5,884	)
Dividends paid to Canon Inc. stockholders									(136,103	)							(136,103	)					(136,103	)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests																				(2,827	)		(2,827	)
Transfer to legal reserve							3,243		(3,243	)							—						—
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income									246,603								246,603			6,100			252,703
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 14):
Foreign currency translation adjustments												(122,667)					(122,667	)		(4,251	)		(126,918	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities												(222)					(222	)		76			(146	)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments												833					833			(66	)		767
Pension liability adjustments												(6,905)					(6,905	)		(2,422	)		(9,327	)
Total comprehensive income (loss)																	117,642			(563	)		117,079
Repurchase of treasury stock, net				(81	)				(4	)				(61,111	)		(61,196	)					(61,196	)
Balance at December 31, 2010		174,762		400,425			57,930		2,965,237			(390,459)		(562,113	)		2,645,782			163,855			2,809,637
Equity transactions with noncontrolling interests and other				1,193					(609	)							584			(247	)		337
Dividends paid to Canon Inc. stockholders									(152,784	)							(152,784	)					(152,784	)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests																				(2,838	)		(2,838	)
Transfer to legal reserve							1,074		(1,074	)							—						—
Comprehensive income:
Net income									248,630								248,630			5,479			254,109
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 14):
Foreign currency translation adjustments												(53,251)					(53,251	)		(835	)		(54,086	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities												(2,017)					(2,017	)		(99	)		(2,116	)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments												(462)					(462	)		13			(449	)
Pension liability adjustments												(35,584)					(35,584	)		(2,793	)		(38,377	)
Total comprehensive income																	157,316			1,765			159,081
Repurchase of treasury stock, net				(46	)				(102	)				(99,618	)		(99,766	)					(99,766	)
Balance at December 31, 2011	¥	174,762	¥	401,572		¥	59,004	¥	3,059,298		¥	(481,773)	¥	(661,731	)	¥	2,551,132		¥	162,535		¥	2,713,667

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Consolidated Statements of Equity (continued)

	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Legal reserve		Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Treasury stock			Total Canon Inc. stockholders’ equity			Non- controlling interests			Total equity
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at December 31, 2011	¥	174,762	¥	401,572		¥	59,004	¥	3,059,298		¥	(481,773)	¥	(661,731	)	¥	2,551,132		¥	162,535		¥	2,713,667
Equity transactions with noncontrolling interests and other				(16	)				152			(1,866)					(1,730	)		(13,591	)		(15,321	)
Dividends paid to Canon Inc. stockholders									(142,362	)							(142,362	)					(142,362	)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests																				(3,492	)		(3,492	)
Transfer to legal reserve							2,659		(2,659	)							—						—
Comprehensive income:
Net income									224,564								224,564			7,881			232,445
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 14):
Foreign currency translation adjustments												132,704					132,704			1,031			133,735
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities												3,148					3,148			117			3,265
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments												(4,882)					(4,882	)		2			(4,880	)
Pension liability adjustments												(14,580)					(14,580	)		1,793			(12,787	)
Total comprehensive income																	340,954			10,824			351,778
Repurchase of treasury stock, net				(9	)				(17	)				(149,942	)		(149,968	)					(149,968	)
Balance at December 31, 2012	¥	174,762	¥	401,547		¥	61,663	¥	3,138,976		¥	(367,249)	¥	(811,673	)	¥	2,598,026		¥	156,276		¥	2,754,302

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Consolidated net income	¥	232,445		¥	254,109		¥	252,703
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		258,133			261,343			276,193
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		11,242			8,937			21,120
Impairment loss of fixed assets		7			598			1,288
Impairment loss of investments		1,527			8,130			23,330
Equity in (earnings) losses of affiliated companies		(610	)		7,368			(10,471	)
Deferred income taxes		7,487			29,129			29,381
(Increase) decrease in trade receivables		5,030			9,991			(6,671	)
Increase in inventories		(24,805	)		(109,983	)		(17,532	)
Increase (decrease) in trade payables		(102,293	)		35,766			115,726
Increase (decrease) in accrued income taxes		12,427			(25,653	)		25,228
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses		(30,089	)		8,938			77
Increase (decrease) in accrued (prepaid) pension and severance cost		5,515			(2,315	)		4,147
Other, net		8,061			(16,796	)		29,894
Net cash provided by operating activities		384,077			469,562			744,413
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of fixed assets (Note 5)		(316,211	)		(238,129	)		(199,152	)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets (Note 5)		4,861			3,273			3,303
Purchases of available-for-sale securities		(417	)		(2,160	)		(10,891	)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of available-for-sale securities		344			1,934			3,910
(Increase) decrease in time deposits, net		103,137			(34,111	)		(80,904	)
Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired		(704	)		29			(55,686	)
Purchases of other investments		(796	)		(373	)		(1,955	)
Other, net		(2,954	)		12,994			(758	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(212,740	)		(256,543	)		(342,133	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		614			725			5,902
Repayments of long-term debt		(3,732	)		(4,670	)		(5,739	)
Increase (decrease) in short-term loans, net		(5,055	)		2,466			(74,933	)
Dividends paid		(142,362	)		(152,784	)		(136,103	)
Repurchases of treasury stock, net		(149,968	)		(99,766	)		(61,196	)
Other, net		(19,236	)		(3,484	)		(7,828	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(319,739	)		(257,513	)		(279,897	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		41,853			(22,858	)		(76,838	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(106,549	)		(67,352	)		45,545
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		773,227			840,579			795,034
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	¥	666,678		¥	773,227		¥	840,579
Supplemental disclosure for cash flow information (Note 21):
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	¥	1,084		¥	914		¥	1,924
Income taxes		98,096			120,696			80,212

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Description of Business

Canon Inc. (the “Company”) and subsidiaries (collectively “Canon”) is one of the world’s leading manufacturers in such fields as office products, imaging system products and industry and other products. Office products consist mainly of office multifunction devices (“MFDs”), office copying machines, laser printers and digital production printing systems. Imaging system products consist mainly of interchangeable-lens digital cameras, compact digital cameras, interchangeable lenses, digital camcorders, digital cinema cameras, inkjet printers, large-format inkjet printers, commercial photo printers, image scanners and broadcast equipment. Industry and other products consist mainly of semiconductor lithography equipment, flat-panel-display (“FPD”) lithography equipment, digital radiography systems, vacuum thin-film deposition equipment and organic LED panel manufacturing equipment. Canon’s consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were distributed as follows: the Office Business Unit 50.5%, 53.9% and 53.6%, the Imaging System Business Unit 40.4%, 36.9% and 37.5%, the Industry and Others Business Unit 11.7%, 11.8% and 11.7%, and elimination between segments 2.6%, 2.6% and 2.8%, respectively. These percentages were computed by dividing segment net sales, including intersegment sales, by consolidated net sales, based on the segment operating results described in Note 22.

Sales are made principally under the Canon brand name, almost entirely through sales subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are responsible for marketing and distribution, and primarily sell to retail dealers in their geographic area. 79.3%, 80.5% and 81.2% of consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were generated outside Japan, with 27.0%, 27.0% and 27.6% in the Americas, 29.1%, 31.3% and 31.6% in Europe, and 23.2%, 22.2% and 22.0% in Asia and Oceania, respectively.

Canon sells laser printers on an OEM basis to Hewlett-Packard Company; such sales constituted 17.0%, 19.3% and 20.1% of consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and are included in the Office Business Unit.

Canon’s manufacturing operations are conducted primarily at 28 plants in Japan and 17 overseas plants which are located in countries or regions such as the United States, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.

(b) Basis of Presentation

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries maintain their books of account in conformity with financial accounting standards of Japan. Foreign subsidiaries maintain their books of account in conformity with financial accounting standards of the countries of their domicile.

Certain adjustments and reclassifications have been incorporated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements to conform with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). These adjustments were not recorded in the statutory books of account.

(c) Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its majority owned subsidiaries and those variable interest entities where the Company or its consolidated subsidiaries are the primary beneficiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

(d) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(d) Use of Estimates (continued)

the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant estimates and assumptions are reflected in valuation and disclosure of revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful receivables, valuation of inventories, impairment of long-lived assets, environmental liabilities, valuation of deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions and employee retirement and severance benefit obligations. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

(e) Translation of Foreign Currencies

Assets and liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries located outside Japan with functional currencies other than Japanese yen are translated into Japanese yen at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements are excluded from earnings and are reported in other comprehensive income (loss).

Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions, including foreign exchange contracts, and translation of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are included in other income (deductions) in the consolidated statements of income. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses was a net gain of ¥9,130 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a net loss of ¥3,287 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 and a net gain of ¥3,089 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, respectively.

(f) Cash Equivalents

All highly liquid investments acquired with original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Certain debt securities with original maturities of less than three months, classified as available-for-sale securities of ¥141,729 million and ¥204,307 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, are included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

(g) Investments

Investments consist primarily of time deposits with original maturities of more than three months, debt and marketable equity securities, investments in affiliated companies and non-marketable equity securities. Canon reports investments with maturities of less than one year as short-term investments.

Canon classifies investments in debt and marketable equity securities as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity securities. Canon does not hold any trading securities, which are bought and held primarily for the purpose of sale in the near term.

Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Fair value is determined based on quoted market prices, projected discounted cash flows or other valuation techniques as appropriate. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.

Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities are regularly reviewed for other-than-temporary declines in the carrying amount based on criteria that include the length of time and the extent to which the market

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(g) Investments (continued)

value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and Canon’s intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. For debt securities for which the declines are deemed to be other-than-temporary and there is no intent to sell, impairments are separated into the amount related to credit loss, which is recognized in earnings, and the amount related to all other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). For debt securities for which the declines are deemed to be other-than-temporary and there is an intent to sell, impairments in their entirety are recognized in earnings. For equity securities for which the declines are deemed to be other-than-temporary, impairments in their entirety are recognized in earnings. Canon recognizes an impairment loss to the extent by which the cost basis of the investment exceeds the fair value of the investment.

Realized gains and losses are determined by the average cost method and reflected in earnings.

Investments in affiliated companies over which Canon has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not hold a controlling financial interest, are accounted for by the equity method.

Non-marketable equity securities in companies over which Canon does not have the ability to exercise significant influence are stated at cost and reviewed periodically for impairment.

(h) Allowance for Doubtful Receivables

Allowance for doubtful trade and finance receivables is maintained for all customers based on a combination of factors, including aging analysis, macroeconomic conditions and historical experience. An additional reserve for individual accounts is recorded when Canon becomes aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings. If circumstances related to customers change, estimates of the recoverability of receivables would be further adjusted. When all collection options are exhausted including legal recourse, the accounts or portions thereof are deemed to be uncollectable and charged against the allowance.

(i) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined by the average method for domestic inventories and principally by the first-in, first-out method for overseas inventories.

(j) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, and acquired intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset and the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(k) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated principally by the declining-balance method, except for certain assets which are depreciated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

The depreciation period ranges from 3 years to 60 years for buildings and 1 year to 20 years for machinery and equipment.

Assets leased to others under operating leases are stated at cost and depreciated to the estimated residual value of the assets by the straight-line method over the lease term, generally from 2 years to 5 years.

(l) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are instead tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. Canon performs its impairment test of goodwill using the two-step approach at the reporting unit level, which is one level below the operating segment level. All goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit or units that benefit from the synergies arising from each business combination. If the carrying amount assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, Canon performs the second step to measure an impairment charge in the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Intangible assets with finite useful lives consist primarily of software, license fees, patented technologies and customer relationships. Software and license fees are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, which range from 3 years to 5 years for software and 5 years to 10 years for license fees. Patented technologies are amortized using the straight-line method principally over the estimated useful life of 3 years. Customer relationships are amortized principally using the declining-balance method over the estimated useful life of 5 years. Certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining internal-use software are capitalized. These costs consist primarily of payments made to third parties and the salaries of employees working on such software development. Costs incurred in connection with developing internal-use software are capitalized at the application development stage. In addition, Canon develops or obtains certain software to be sold where related costs are capitalized after establishment of technological feasibility.

(m) Environmental Liabilities

Liabilities for environmental remediation and other environmental costs are accrued when environmental assessments or remedial efforts are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. Such liabilities are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change. Costs of future obligations are not discounted to their present values.

(n) Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Canon records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not realizable.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(n) Income Taxes (continued)

Canon recognizes the financial statement effects of tax positions when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax positions will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Benefits from tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits are included in income taxes in the consolidated statements of income.

(o) Stock-Based Compensation

Canon measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and recognizes the cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.

(p) Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders per Share

Basic net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Canon Inc. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share includes the effect from potential issuances of common stock based on the assumptions that all stock options were exercised.

(q) Revenue Recognition

Canon generates revenue principally through the sale of office and imaging system products, equipment, supplies, and related services under separate contractual arrangements. Canon recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer or services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable.

Revenue from sales of office products, such as office MFDs and laser printers, and imaging system products, such as digital cameras and inkjet printers, is recognized upon shipment or delivery, depending upon when title and risk of loss transfer to the customer.

Revenue from sales of optical equipment, such as semiconductor lithography equipment and FPD lithography equipment that are sold with customer acceptance provisions related to their functionality, is recognized when the equipment is installed at the customer site and the specific criteria of the equipment functionality are successfully tested and demonstrated by Canon. Service revenue is derived primarily from separately priced product maintenance contracts on equipment sold to customers and is measured at the stated amount of the contract and recognized as services are provided.

Canon also offers separately priced product maintenance contracts for most office products, for which the customer typically pays a stated base service fee plus a variable amount based on usage. Revenue from these service maintenance contracts is measured at the stated amount of the contract and recognized as services are provided and variable amounts are earned.

Revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases is recognized at the inception of the lease. Income on sales-type leases and direct-financing leases is recognized over the life of each respective lease

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(q) Revenue Recognition (continued)

using the interest method. Leases not qualifying as sales-type leases or direct-financing leases are accounted for as operating leases and related revenue is recognized ratably over the lease term. When equipment leases are bundled with product maintenance contracts, revenue is first allocated considering the relative fair value of the lease and non-lease deliverables based upon the estimated relative fair values of each element. Lease deliverables generally include equipment, financing and executory costs, while non-lease deliverables generally consist of product maintenance contracts and supplies.

For all other arrangements with multiple elements, Canon allocates revenue to each element based on its relative selling price if such element meets the criteria for treatment as a separate unit of accounting. Otherwise, revenue is deferred until the undelivered elements are fulfilled and accounted for as a single unit of accounting.

Canon records estimated reductions to sales at the time of sale for sales incentive programs including product discounts, customer promotions and volume-based rebates. Estimated reductions to sales are based upon historical trends and other known factors at the time of sale. During the year ended December 31, 2012, Canon revised its estimates for sales incentive programs accrual. This change in estimate caused an increase in net income attributable to Canon Inc. by ¥10,785 million, and an increase in basic and diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share by ¥9.19 each. In addition, Canon provides price protection to certain resellers of its products, and records reductions to sales for the estimated impact of price protection obligations when announced.

Estimated product warranty costs are recorded at the time revenue is recognized and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. Estimates for accrued product warranty costs are based on historical experience, and are affected by ongoing product failure rates, specific product class failures outside of the baseline experience, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure.

Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues in the consolidated statements of income.

(r) Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

(s) Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were ¥83,134 million, ¥81,232 million and ¥94,794 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

(t) Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs totaled ¥38,499 million, ¥43,308 million and ¥56,306 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

(u) Derivative Financial Instruments

All derivatives are recognized at fair value and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, or other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(u) Derivative Financial Instruments (continued)

Canon uses and designates certain derivatives as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow” hedge). Canon formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Canon also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, Canon discontinues hedge accounting prospectively. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the hedged item. Gains and losses from hedging ineffectiveness are included in other income (deductions). Gains and losses related to the components of hedging instruments excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness are included in other income (deductions).

Canon also uses certain derivative financial instruments which are not designated as hedges. The changes in fair values of these derivative financial instruments are immediately recorded in earnings.

Canon classifies cash flows from derivatives as cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

(v) Guarantees

Canon recognizes, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation it has undertaken in issuing guarantees.

(w) Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an amendment which requires presentation of net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement or in two separate but consecutive statements, which is applied retrospectively for all periods presented. Canon adopted this amended guidance from the quarter beginning January 1, 2012. This adoption did not have a material impact on Canon’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

In February 2013, the FASB issued an amendment which requires entities to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component, and to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income. Canon will adopt this amended guidance from the quarter beginning January 1, 2013, and does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on Canon’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

2. Investments

The cost, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses and fair value for available-for-sale securities included in short-term investments and investments by major security type at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

	December 31, 2012
	Cost		Gross unrealized holding gains		Gross unrealized holding losses		Fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Current:
Corporate bonds	¥	30	¥	—	¥	—	¥	30
Noncurrent:
Government bonds	¥	181	¥	—	¥	—	¥	181
Corporate bonds		590		—		30		560
Fund trusts		1,192		43		1		1,234
Equity securities		14,866		7,033		564		21,335
	¥	16,829	¥	7,076	¥	595	¥	23,310
	December 31, 2011
	Cost		Gross unrealized holding gains		Gross unrealized holding losses		Fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Current:
Corporate bonds	¥	20	¥	—	¥	—	¥	20
Noncurrent:
Government bonds	¥	172	¥	—	¥	22	¥	150
Corporate bonds		569		73		84		558
Fund trusts		1,867		2		43		1,826
Equity securities		15,911		3,200		1,387		17,724
	¥	18,519	¥	3,275	¥	1,536	¥	20,258

Maturities of available-for-sale debt securities and fund trusts included in short-term investments and investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows at December 31, 2012:

	Cost		Fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Due within one year	¥	30	¥	30
Due after one year through five years		953		990
Due after five years through ten years		1,010		985
	¥	1,993	¥	2,005

Gross realized gains were ¥238 million, ¥204 million and ¥641 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Gross realized losses, including write-downs for impairments that were other-than-temporary, were ¥1,545 million, ¥4,281 million and ¥1,961 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

2. Investments (continued)

At December 31, 2012, substantially all of the available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months.

Time deposits with original maturities of more than three months are ¥28,292 million and ¥125,497 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and are included in short-term investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Aggregate cost of non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the cost method totaled ¥14,808 million and ¥14,583 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. These investments were not evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, because (a) Canon did not estimate the fair value of those investments as it was not practicable to estimate the fair value of the investments and (b) Canon did not identify any events or changes in circumstances that might have had significant adverse effects on the fair value of those investments.

Investments in affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method amounted to ¥17,345 million and ¥15,776 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Canon’s share of the net earnings (losses) in affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method, included in other income (deductions), were earnings of ¥610 million, losses of ¥7,368 million and earnings of ¥10,471 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

3. Trade Receivables

Trade receivables are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Notes	¥	17,207		¥	16,739
Accounts		569,138			528,032
		586,345			544,771
Less allowance for doubtful receivables		(12,970	)		(11,563	)
	¥	573,375		¥	533,208

4. Inventories

Inventories are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Finished goods	¥	391,194	¥	291,023
Work in process		139,923		166,076
Raw materials		20,506		19,605
	¥	551,623	¥	476,704

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

5. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Land	¥	272,233		¥	268,493
Buildings		1,447,838			1,367,187
Machinery and equipment		1,586,827			1,499,331
Construction in progress		112,919			94,507
		3,419,817			3,229,518
Less accumulated depreciation		(2,159,453	)		(2,038,682	)
	¥	1,260,364		¥	1,190,836

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was ¥211,973 million, ¥210,179 million and ¥232,327 million, respectively.

Amounts due for purchases of property, plant and equipment were ¥38,893 million and ¥47,690 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and are included in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Fixed assets presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets.

6. Finance Receivables and Operating Leases

Finance receivables represent financing leases which consist of sales-type leases and direct-financing leases resulting from the sales of Canon’s and complementary third-party products primarily in foreign countries. These receivables typically have terms ranging from 1 year to 8 years. The components of the finance receivables, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, are as follows:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Total minimum lease payments receivable	¥	231,221		¥	204,326
Unguaranteed residual values		8,863			8,195
Executory costs		(2,598	)		(2,275	)
Unearned income		(27,521	)		(24,955	)
		209,965			185,291
Less allowance for credit losses		(6,908	)		(7,039	)
		203,057			178,252
Less current portion		(74,168	)		(66,337	)
	¥	128,889		¥	111,915

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

6. Finance Receivables and Operating Leases (continued)

The activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	7,039		¥	7,983
Charge-offs		(1,304	)		(1,937	)
Provision		1,922			2,052
Other		(749	)		(1,059	)
Balance at end of year	¥	6,908		¥	7,039

Canon has policies in place to ensure that its products are sold to customers with an appropriate credit history, and continuously monitors its customers’ credit quality based on information including length of period in arrears, macroeconomic conditions, initiation of legal proceedings against customers and bankruptcy filings. The allowance for credit losses of finance receivables are evaluated collectively based on historical experience of credit losses. An additional reserve for individual accounts is recorded when Canon becomes aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings. Finance receivables which are past due or individually evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are not significant.

The cost of equipment leased to customers under operating leases included in property, plant and equipment, net at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was ¥80,186 million and ¥75,391 million, respectively. Accumulated depreciation on equipment under operating leases at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was ¥58,433 million and ¥54,791 million, respectively.

The following is a schedule by year of the future minimum lease payments to be received under financing leases and non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2012.

	Financing leases		Operating leases
	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	89,794	¥	7,073
2014		63,348		4,359
2015		38,983		3,038
2016		19,221		2,195
2017		19,472		1,671
Thereafter		403		4,084
	¥	231,221	¥	22,420

7. Acquisitions

In March 2010, Canon acquired 45.2% of the total outstanding shares of Océ N.V. (“Océ”), which was listed on NYSE Euronext Amsterdam, principally through a fully self-funded public cash tender offer for consideration of ¥50,374 million, in addition to the 22.9% interest Canon held before the public cash tender offer. In addition, Canon acquired Océ’s convertible cumulative financing preference shares representing 19.1% of the total outstanding shares of Océ for consideration of ¥8,027 million. As a result, Canon’s aggregate interest represented

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

7. Acquisitions (continued)

87.2% of the total outstanding shares of Océ at that time. The fair value of the 12.8% noncontrolling interest in Océ of ¥18,245 million was measured based on the quoted price of Océ’s common stock on the acquisition date. Canon holds 99.4% of Océ’s outstanding shares at December 31, 2012.

The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method. Prior to the March 2010 acquisition date, Canon accounted for its 22.9% interest in Océ using the equity method. The acquisition-date fair value of the previous equity interest of ¥25,508 million was remeasured using the quoted price of Océ’s common stock on the acquisition date and included in the measurement of the total acquisition consideration. In connection with the acquisition, Canon repaid ¥55,378 million of Océ’s existing bank debt and ¥22,936 million of Océ’s existing United States Private Placement notes, which are included in decrease in short-term loans in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

Océ is engaged in research and development, manufacture and sale of document management systems, printing systems for professionals and high-speed, wide format digital printing systems. Canon and Océ have complementary technologies and products and would benefit from this strong business relationship. Amid the increasingly competitive printing industry, Canon is further strengthening its business foundation in order to solidify its position as one of the global leaders. Canon aims to provide diversified solutions to its customers in the printing industry by making Océ a consolidated subsidiary.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at acquisition date.

	(Millions of yen)
Current assets	¥	122,248
Property, plant and equipment		51,156
Intangible assets		56,297
Goodwill		77,253
Other noncurrent assets		42,658
Non-current assets		227,364
Total acquired assets		349,612
Total assumed liabilities		247,458
Net assets acquired	¥	102,154

Intangible assets acquired, which are subject to amortization, consist of customer relationships of ¥32,747 million, patented technologies of ¥11,316 million, and other intangible assets of ¥12,234 million. Canon has estimated the amortization period for the customer relationships and patented technologies to be 5 years and 3 years, respectively. The weighted average amortization period for all intangible assets is approximately 4.4 years.

Goodwill recognized, which is assigned to the Office Business Unit for impairment testing, is attributable primarily to expected synergies from combining operations of Océ and Canon. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

The amount of net sales of Océ included in Canon’s consolidated statement of income from the acquisition date for the year ended December 31, 2010 was ¥246,518 million.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

7. Acquisitions (continued)

The unaudited pro forma net sales as if Océ had been included in Canon’s consolidated statements of income from the beginning of the year ended December 31, 2010 was ¥3,772,425 million. Pro forma net income was not disclosed because the impact on Canon’s consolidated statements of income was not material.

Canon acquired businesses other than this described above during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010. Such acquisitions were accounted for using the acquisition method but were not material to its consolidated financial statements.

8. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Intangible assets subject to amortization acquired during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 totaled ¥34,196 million and ¥35,994 million, which primarily consist of software of ¥33,985 million and ¥33,217 million, respectively. The weighted average amortization periods for intangible assets in total acquired during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are approximately 4 years and 5 years, respectively. The weighted average amortization periods for software acquired during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are approximately 4 years.

The components of intangible assets subject to amortization at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

	December 31, 2012				December 31, 2011
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization
	(Millions of yen)
Software	¥	225,894	¥	131,875	¥	205,235	¥	115,131
Customer relationships		39,615		26,938		34,957		18,724
Patented technologies		25,900		19,028		24,342		13,317
License fees		20,142		14,573		20,425		12,867
Other		22,776		9,382		19,235		6,857
	¥	334,327	¥	201,796	¥	304,194	¥	166,896

Aggregate amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was ¥46,160 million, ¥51,164 million and ¥43,866 million, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets currently held for the next five years ending December 31 is ¥44,409 million in 2013, ¥34,219 million in 2014, ¥20,576 million in 2015, ¥11,822 million in 2016, and ¥6,605 million in 2017.

Intangible assets not subject to amortization other than goodwill at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were not significant.

For management reporting purposes, goodwill is not allocated to the segments. Goodwill has been allocated to its respective segment for impairment testing.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

8. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (continued)

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment, which is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

	Year ended December 31, 2012
	Office		Imaging System		Industry and Others		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	102,060	¥	12,088	¥	4,873	¥	119,021
Goodwill acquired during the year		—		—		961		961
Translation adjustments and other		9,288		586		987		10,861
Balance at end of year	¥	111,348	¥	12,674	¥	6,821	¥	130,843

	Year ended December 31, 2011
	Office			Imaging System			Industry and Others			Total
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	107,301		¥	12,386		¥	5,502		¥	125,189
Translation adjustments and other		(5,241	)		(298	)		(629	)		(6,168	)
Balance at end of year	¥	102,060		¥	12,088		¥	4,873		¥	119,021

9. Short-Term Loans and Long-Term Debt

Short-term loans consisting of bank borrowings at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were ¥319 million and ¥4,641 million, respectively. The weighted average interest rates on short-term loans outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 4.00% and 2.72%, respectively.

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Loans, principally from banks, maturing in installments through 2020; bearing weighted average interest of 1.94% and 1.68% at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively	¥	132		¥	1,297
0.75% Japanese yen notes, due 2012		—			1,020
0.84% Japanese yen notes, due 2013		—			156
Capital lease obligations		3,532			4,597
		3,664			7,070
Less current portion		(1,547	)		(3,702	)
	¥	2,117		¥	3,368

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

9. Short-Term Loans and Long-Term Debt (continued)

The aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2012 were as follows:

	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	1,547
2014		1,199
2015		611
2016		182
2017		91
Thereafter		34
	¥	3,664

Both short-term and long-term bank loans are made under general agreements which provide that security and guarantees for present and future indebtedness will be given upon request of the bank, and that the bank shall have the right to offset cash deposits against obligations that have become due or, in the event of default, against all obligations due to the bank.

10. Trade Payables

Trade payables are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Notes	¥	11,971	¥	16,519
Accounts		313,264		364,013
	¥	325,235	¥	380,532

11. Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries have contributory and noncontributory defined benefit pension plans covering substantially all of their employees. Benefits payable under the plans are based on employee earnings and years of service. The Company and certain of its subsidiaries also have defined contribution pension plans covering substantially all of their employees.

The amounts of cost recognized for the defined contribution pension plans of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were ¥13,021 million, ¥12,511 million and ¥11,780 million, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

11. Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits (continued)

Obligations and funded status

Reconciliations of beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligations and the fair value of the plan assets are as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	December 31						December 31
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligations at beginning of year	¥	626,924		¥	593,274		¥	262,130		¥	261,130
Service cost		25,738			25,875			5,884			5,756
Interest cost		11,788			12,354			13,176			12,748
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			2,315			2,680
Amendments		—			(1,913	)		—			—
Actuarial loss		6,049			14,845			45,145			3,872
Benefits paid		(18,979	)		(17,511	)		(10,407	)		(8,234	)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			46,366			(15,822	)
Benefit obligations at end of year		651,520			626,924			364,609			262,130
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		448,736			460,090			192,033			197,835
Actual return on plan assets		41,593			(17,285	)		25,290			2,335
Employer contributions		22,589			22,282			7,832			8,228
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			2,315			2,680
Benefits paid		(17,466	)		(16,351	)		(9,825	)		(8,201	)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			31,889			(10,844	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		495,452			448,736			249,534			192,033
Funded status at end of year	¥	(156,068	)	¥	(178,188	)	¥	(115,075	)	¥	(70,097	)

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	December 31						December 31
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Other assets	¥	—		¥	54		¥	1,371		¥	1,397
Accrued expenses		—			—			(383	)		(132	)
Accrued pension and severance cost		(156,068	)		(178,242	)		(116,063	)		(71,362	)
	¥	(156,068	)	¥	(178,188	)	¥	(115,075	)	¥	(70,097	)

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

11. Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits (continued)

Obligations and funded status (continued)

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2012 and 2011 before the effect of income taxes are as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	December 31						December 31
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Actuarial loss	¥	253,748		¥	291,778		¥	50,417		¥	16,095
Prior service credit		(117,633	)		(130,712	)		(261	)		(345	)
	¥	136,115		¥	161,066		¥	50,156		¥	15,750

The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit plans was as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	December 31				December 31
	2012		2011		2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Accumulated benefit obligation	¥	620,589	¥	595,689	¥	328,736	¥	238,675

The projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets, and the accumulated benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets are as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	December 31				December 31
	2012		2011		2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Projected benefit obligations	¥	651,520	¥	622,645	¥	360,742	¥	259,517
Fair value of plan assets		495,452		444,403		244,296		188,023
Plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Accumulated benefit obligations	¥	615,551	¥	591,830	¥	324,869	¥	160,941
Fair value of plan assets		489,929		444,403		244,296		111,527

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

11. Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits (continued)

Components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)

Net periodic benefit cost for Canon’s employee retirement and severance defined benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 consisted of the following components:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Years ended December 31									Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Service cost	¥	25,738		¥	25,875		¥	23,331		¥	5,884		¥	5,756		¥	5,660
Interest cost		11,788			12,354			12,636			13,176			12,748			11,792
Expected return on plan assets		(13,791	)		(16,485	)		(16,591	)		(11,806	)		(12,112	)		(10,540	)
Amortization of net transition obligation		—			722			722			—			—			—
Amortization of prior service credit		(13,079	)		(13,674	)		(13,878	)		(116	)		(93	)		(116	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		16,277			14,462			14,545			1,351			621			1,050
	¥	26,933		¥	23,254		¥	20,765		¥	8,489		¥	6,920		¥	7,846

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are summarized as follows:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Years ended December 31									Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Current year actuarial (gain) loss	¥	(21,753	)	¥	48,615		¥	34,348		¥	31,661		¥	13,649		¥	(14,713	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		(16,277	)		(14,462	)		(14,545	)		(1,351	)		(621	)		(1,050	)
Prior service credit due to amendments		—			(1,913	)		(423	)		—			—			(149	)
Amortization of prior service credit		13,079			13,674			13,878			116			93			116
Amortization of net transition obligation		—			(722	)		(722	)		—			—			—
	¥	(24,951	)	¥	45,192		¥	32,536		¥	30,426		¥	13,121		¥	(15,796	)

The estimated prior service credit and actuarial loss for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit cost over the next year are summarized as follows:

	Japanese plans			Foreign plans
	(Millions of yen)
Prior service credit	¥	(13,070	)	¥	(124	)
Actuarial loss		14,414			1,413

Assumptions

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations are as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	December 31				December 31
	2012		2011		2012		2011
Discount rate		1.8%		1.9%		3.6%		4.6%
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels		3.0%		3.0%		2.2%		2.4%

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

11. Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits (continued)

Assumptions (continued)

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Years ended December 31									Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010
Discount rate		1.9	%		2.1	%		2.3	%		4.6	%		4.9	%		4.9	%
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels		3.0	%		3.0	%		3.0	%		2.4	%		2.9	%		2.8	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets		3.1	%		3.6	%		3.6	%		5.4	%		5.7	%		6.1	%

Canon determines the expected long-term rate of return based on the expected long-term return of the various asset categories in which it invests. Canon considers the current expectations for future returns and the actual historical returns of each plan asset category.

Plan assets

Canon’s investment policies are designed to ensure adequate plan assets are available to provide future payments of pension benefits to eligible participants. Taking into account the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, Canon formulates a “model” portfolio comprised of the optimal combination of equity securities and debt securities. Plan assets are invested in individual equity and debt securities using the guidelines of the “model” portfolio in order to produce a total return that will match the expected return on a mid-term to long-term basis. Canon evaluates the gap between expected return and actual return of invested plan assets on an annual basis to determine if such differences necessitate a revision in the formulation of the “model” portfolio. Canon revises the “model” portfolio when and to the extent considered necessary to achieve the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets.

Canon’s model portfolio for Japanese plans consists of three major components: approximately 30% is invested in equity securities, approximately 50% is invested in debt securities, and approximately 20% is invested in other investment vehicles, primarily consisting of investments in life insurance company general accounts.

Outside Japan, investment policies vary by country, but the long-term investment objectives and strategies remain consistent. Canon’s model portfolio for foreign plans has been developed as follows: approximately 40% is invested in equity securities, approximately 55% is invested in debt securities, and approximately 5% is invested in other investment vehicles, primarily consisting of investments in real estate assets.

The equity securities are selected primarily from stocks that are listed on the securities exchanges. Prior to investing, Canon has investigated the business condition of the investee companies, and appropriately diversified investments by type of industry and other relevant factors. The debt securities are selected primarily from government bonds, public debt instruments, and corporate bonds. Prior to investing, Canon has investigated the quality of the issue, including rating, interest rate, and repayment dates, and has appropriately diversified the investments. Pooled funds are selected using strategies consistent with the equity and debt securities described above. As for investments in life insurance company general accounts, the contracts with the insurance companies include a guaranteed interest rate and return of capital. With respect to investments in foreign investment vehicles, Canon has investigated the stability of the underlying governments and economies, the market characteristics such as settlement systems and the taxation systems. For each such investment, Canon has selected the appropriate investment country and currency.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

11. Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits (continued)

Plan assets (continued)

The three levels of input used to measure fair value are more fully described in Note 20. The fair values of Canon’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2012 and 2011, by asset category, are as follows:

	December 31, 2012
	Japanese plans								Foreign plans
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Equity securities:
Japanese companies (a)	¥	34,387	¥	—	¥	—	¥	34,387	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—
Foreign companies		6,560		—		—		6,560		13,149		—		—		13,149
Pooled funds (b)		—		99,631		—		99,631		—		60,142		—		60,142
Debt securities:
Government bonds (c)		20,301		—		—		20,301		4,345		—		—		4,345
Municipal bonds		—		1,064		—		1,064		—		21		—		21
Corporate bonds		—		8,425		—		8,425		—		—		—		—
Pooled funds (d)		—		192,386		—		192,386		—		128,647		—		128,647
Mortgage backed securities (and other asset backed securities)		—		8,400		—		8,400		—		236		—		236
Life insurance company general accounts		—		113,179		—		113,179		—		1,857		—		1,857
Other assets		—		9,813		1,306		11,119		—		41,137		—		41,137
	¥	61,248	¥	432,898	¥	1,306	¥	495,452	¥	17,494	¥	232,040	¥	—	¥	249,534

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

11. Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits (continued)

Plan assets (continued)

	December 31, 2011
	Japanese plans								Foreign plans
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Equity securities:
Japanese companies (e)	¥	37,875	¥	—	¥	—	¥	37,875	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—
Foreign companies		4,804		—		—		4,804		3,779		—		—		3,779
Pooled funds (f)		—		82,380		—		82,380		—		47,779		—		47,779
Debt securities:
Government bonds (g)		17,951		—		—		17,951		2,326		—		—		2,326
Municipal bonds		—		864		—		864		—		19		—		19
Corporate bonds		—		8,170		—		8,170		—		—		—		—
Pooled funds (h)		—		190,832		—		190,832		—		92,653		—		92,653
Mortgage backed securities (and other asset backed securities)		—		4,842		—		4,842		—		2,726		—		2,726
Life insurance company general accounts		—		92,700		—		92,700		—		—		—		—
Other assets		—		7,171		1,147		8,318		—		42,751		—		42,751
	¥	60,630	¥	386,959	¥	1,147	¥	448,736	¥	6,105	¥	185,928	¥	—	¥	192,033

(a) The plan’s equity securities include common stock of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries in the amounts of ¥565 million.

(b) These funds invest in listed equity securities consisting of approximately 20% Japanese companies and 80% foreign companies for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign companies for foreign plans.

(c) This class includes approximately 30% Japanese government bonds and 70% foreign government bonds for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign government bonds for foreign plans.

(d) These funds invest in approximately 65% Japanese government bonds, 25% foreign government bonds, 5% Japanese municipal bonds, and 5% corporate bonds for Japanese plans. These funds invest in approximately 30% foreign government bonds and 70% corporate bonds for foreign plans.

(e) The plan’s equity securities include common stock of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries in the amounts of ¥1,129 million.

(f) These funds invest in listed equity securities consisting of approximately 50% Japanese companies and 50% foreign companies for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign companies for foreign plans.

(g) This class includes approximately 30% Japanese government bonds and 70% foreign government bonds for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign government bonds for foreign plans.

(h) These funds invest in approximately 75% Japanese government bonds, 15% foreign government bonds, 5% Japanese municipal bonds, and 5% corporate bonds for Japanese plans. These funds invest in approximately 40% foreign government bonds and 60% corporate bonds for foreign plans.

Each level into which assets are categorized is based on inputs used to measure the fair value of the assets, and does not necessarily indicate the risks or ratings of the assets.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

11. Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits (continued)

Plan assets (continued)

Level 1 assets are comprised principally of equity securities and government bonds, which are valued using unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets with sufficient volume and frequency of transactions. Level 2 assets are comprised principally of pooled funds that invest in equity and debt securities, corporate bonds and investments in life insurance company general accounts. Pooled funds are valued at their net asset values that are calculated by the sponsor of the fund and have daily liquidity. Corporate bonds are valued using quoted prices for identical assets in markets that are not active. Investments in life insurance company general accounts are valued at conversion value.

The fair value of Level 3 assets, consisting of hedge funds, was ¥1,306 million and ¥1,147 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Amounts of actual returns on, and purchases and sales of, these assets during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were not significant.

Contributions

Canon expects to contribute ¥18,610 million to its Japanese defined benefit pension plans and ¥21,454 million to its foreign defined benefit pension plans for the year ending December 31, 2013.

Estimated future benefit payments

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

	Japanese plans		Foreign plans
	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	15,961	¥	8,954
2014		16,947		8,876
2015		18,765		9,094
2016		20,524		9,792
2017		21,970		10,467
2018 – 2022		141,232		61,438

12. Income Taxes

Domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes and the current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) attributable to such income are summarized as follows:

	Year ended December 31, 2012
	Japanese		Foreign			Total
	(Millions of yen)
Income before income taxes	¥	257,640	¥	84,917		¥	342,557
Income taxes:
Current	¥	73,573	¥	29,052		¥	102,625
Deferred		13,900		(6,413	)		7,487
	¥	87,473	¥	22,639		¥	110,112

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

12. Income Taxes (continued)

	Year ended December 31, 2011
	Japanese		Foreign		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Income before income taxes	¥	287,592	¥	86,932	¥	374,524
Income taxes:
Current	¥	67,671	¥	23,615	¥	91,286
Deferred		21,047		8,082		29,129
	¥	88,718	¥	31,697	¥	120,415

	Year ended December 31, 2010
	Japanese		Foreign			Total
	(Millions of yen)
Income before income taxes	¥	302,965	¥	89,898		¥	392,863
Income taxes:
Current	¥	78,359	¥	32,420		¥	110,779
Deferred		35,496		(6,115	)		29,381
	¥	113,855	¥	26,305		¥	140,160

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries are subject to a number of income taxes, which, in the aggregate, represent a statutory income tax rate of approximately 40% for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

Amendments to the Japanese tax regulations were enacted into law on November 30, 2011. As a result of these amendments, the statutory income tax rate will be reduced from approximately 40% to 38% effective from the year beginning January 1, 2013, and to approximately 35% effective from the year beginning January 1, 2016 thereafter. Consequently, the statutory income tax rate utilized for deferred tax assets and liabilities expected to be settled or realized in the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 is approximately 38% and for periods subsequent to December 31, 2015 the rate is approximately 35%. The adjustments of deferred tax assets and liabilities for this change in the tax rate amounted to ¥6,599 million and have been reflected in income taxes in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2011.

A reconciliation of the Japanese statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate as a percentage of income before income taxes is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
Japanese statutory income tax rate		40.0	%		40.0	%		40.0	%
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes		0.8			0.6			0.8
Income of foreign subsidiaries taxed at lower than Japanese statutory tax rate		(4.3	)		(4.3	)		(3.5	)
Tax credit for research and development expenses		(5.7	)		(3.9	)		(5.1	)
Change in valuation allowance		(1.7	)		(0.5	)		2.8
Effect of enacted changes in tax laws and rates on Japanese tax		—			1.8			—
Other		3.0			(1.5	)		0.7
Effective income tax rate		32.1	%		32.2	%		35.7	%

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

12. Income Taxes (continued)

Net deferred income tax assets and liabilities are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets under the following captions:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	¥	62,358		¥	61,961
Other assets		121,934			130,582
Other current liabilities		(2,662	)		(1,735	)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(44,712	)		(43,542	)
	¥	136,918		¥	147,266

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are presented below:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Deferred tax assets:
Inventories	¥	13,040		¥	18,885
Accrued business tax		4,754			3,227
Accrued pension and severance cost		86,442			90,025
Research and development—costs capitalized for tax purposes		12,658			12,898
Property, plant and equipment		28,780			31,624
Accrued expenses		36,528			37,992
Net operating losses carried forward		32,494			31,967
Other		41,366			38,220
		256,062			264,838
Less valuation allowance		(32,167	)		(33,788	)
Total deferred tax assets		223,895			231,050
Deferred tax liabilities:
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries		(8,235	)		(6,783	)
Net unrealized gains on securities		(2,437	)		(1,180	)
Tax deductible reserve		(6,417	)		(6,385	)
Financing lease revenue		(41,417	)		(40,878	)
Prepaid pension and severance cost		(1,073	)		(2,224	)
Other		(27,398	)		(26,334	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(86,977	)		(83,784	)
Net deferred tax assets	¥	136,918		¥	147,266

The net changes in the total valuation allowance were a decrease of ¥1,621 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a decrease of ¥1,519 million and an increase of ¥13,119 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

12. Income Taxes (continued)

Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods which the net deductible temporary differences are expected to reverse, management believes it is more likely than not that Canon will realize the benefits of these deferred tax assets, net of the existing valuation allowance, at December 31, 2012.

At December 31, 2012, Canon had net operating losses which can be carried forward for income tax purposes of ¥122,850 million to reduce future taxable income. Periods available to reduce future taxable income vary in each tax jurisdiction and generally range from one year to twenty years as follows:

	(Millions of yen)
Within one year	¥	2,583
After one year through five years		28,470
After five years through ten years		15,803
After ten years through twenty years		44,533
Indefinite period		31,461
Total	¥	122,850

Income taxes have not been accrued on undistributed earnings of domestic subsidiaries as the tax law provides a means by which the dividends from a domestic subsidiary can be received tax free.

Canon has not recognized deferred tax liabilities of ¥22,604 million for a portion of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that arose for the year ended December 31, 2012 and prior years because Canon currently does not expect to have such amounts distributed or paid as dividends to the Company in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax liabilities will be recognized when Canon expects that it will realize those undistributed earnings in a taxable manner, such as through receipt of dividends or sale of the investments. At December 31, 2012, such undistributed earnings of these subsidiaries were ¥894,850 million.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	2,933		¥	6,035		¥	13,235
Additions for tax positions of the current year		869			149			73
Additions for tax positions of prior years		4,903			431			805
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(1,546	)		(2,139	)		(8,354	)
Settlements with tax authorities		(41	)		(1,264	)		(2,471	)
Additions from acquisitions		—			—			4,066
Other		593			(279	)		(1,319	)
Balance at end of year	¥	7,711		¥	2,933		¥	6,035

The total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits that would reduce the effective tax rate, if recognized, are ¥7,711 million and ¥2,809 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Although Canon believes its estimates and assumptions of unrecognized tax benefits are reasonable, uncertainty regarding the final determination of tax audit settlements and any related litigation could affect the effective tax

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

12. Income Taxes (continued)

rate in the future period. Based on each of the items of which Canon is aware at December 31, 2012, no significant changes to the unrecognized tax benefits are expected within the next twelve months.

Canon recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income taxes. Both interest and penalties accrued at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and interest and penalties included in income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are not material.

Canon files income tax returns in Japan and various foreign tax jurisdictions. In Japan, Canon is no longer subject to regular income tax examinations by the tax authority for years before 2012. While there has been no specific indication by the tax authority that Canon will be subject to a transfer pricing examination in the near future, the tax authority could conduct a transfer pricing examination for years after 2003. In other major foreign tax jurisdictions, including the United States and the Netherlands, Canon is no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2006 with few exceptions. The tax authorities are currently conducting income tax examinations of Canon’s income tax returns for years after 2005 in major foreign tax jurisdictions.

13. Legal Reserve and Retained Earnings

The Corporation Law of Japan provides that an amount equal to 10% of distributions from retained earnings paid by the Company and its Japanese subsidiaries be appropriated as a legal reserve. No further appropriations are required when the total amount of the additional paid-in capital and the legal reserve equals 25% of their respective stated capital. The Corporation Law of Japan also provides that additional paid-in capital and legal reserve are available for appropriations by the resolution of the stockholders. Certain foreign subsidiaries are also required to appropriate their earnings to legal reserves under the laws of the respective countries.

Cash dividends and appropriations to the legal reserve charged to retained earnings for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 represent dividends paid out during those years and the related appropriations to the legal reserve. Retained earnings at December 31, 2012 did not reflect current year-end dividends in the amount of ¥80,695 million which were approved by the stockholders in March 2013.

The amount available for dividends under the Corporation Law of Japan is based on the amount recorded in the Company’s nonconsolidated books of account in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards of Japan. Such amount was ¥1,090,834 million at December 31, 2012.

Retained earnings at December 31, 2012 included Canon’s equity in undistributed earnings of affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method in the amount of ¥17,094 million.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

14. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Balance at beginning of year	¥	(378,863	)	¥	(325,612	)	¥	(202,628	)
Adjustments for the year		131,129			(53,251	)		(122,984	)
Balance at end of year		(247,734	)		(378,863	)		(325,612	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Balance at beginning of year		1,003			3,020			3,285
Adjustments for the year		3,143			(2,017	)		(265	)
Balance at end of year		4,146			1,003			3,020
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Balance at beginning of year		455			917			71
Adjustments for the year		(4,917	)		(462	)		846
Balance at end of year		(4,462	)		455			917
Pension liability adjustments:
Balance at beginning of year		(104,368	)		(68,784	)		(61,546	)
Adjustments for the year		(14,831	)		(35,584	)		(7,238	)
Balance at end of year		(119,199	)		(104,368	)		(68,784	)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Balance at beginning of year		(481,773	)		(390,459	)		(260,818	)
Adjustments for the year		114,524			(91,314	)		(129,641	)
Balance at end of year	¥	(367,249	)	¥	(481,773	)	¥	(390,459	)

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

14. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (continued)

Tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassification adjustments, including amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, are as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	Before-tax amount			Tax (expense) or benefit			Net-of-tax amount
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	¥	134,930		¥	(1,195	)	¥	133,735
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Amount arising during the year		3,418			(1,004	)		2,414
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		1,307			(456	)		851
Net change during the year		4,725			(1,460	)		3,265
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Amount arising during the year		(10,647	)		4,041			(6,606	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		2,440			(714	)		1,726
Net change during the year		(8,207	)		3,327			(4,880	)
Pension liability adjustments:
Amount arising during the year		(13,888	)		(1,738	)		(15,626	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		4,433			(1,594	)		2,839
Net change during the year		(9,455	)		(3,332	)		(12,787	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	¥	121,993		¥	(2,660	)	¥	119,333
2011:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	¥	(53,839	)	¥	(247	)	¥	(54,086	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Amount arising during the year		(7,571	)		3,010			(4,561	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		4,077			(1,632	)		2,445
Net change during the year		(3,494	)		1,378			(2,116	)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Amount arising during the year		4,221			(1,708	)		2,513
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		(5,006	)		2,044			(2,962	)
Net change during the year		(785	)		336			(449	)
Pension liability adjustments:
Amount arising during the year		(59,928	)		20,252			(39,676	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		2,038			(739	)		1,299
Net change during the year		(57,890	)		19,513			(38,377	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	¥	(116,008	)	¥	20,980		¥	(95,028	)

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

14. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (continued)

	Years ended December 31
	Before-tax amount			Tax (expense) or benefit			Net-of-tax amount
	(Millions of yen)
2010:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	¥	(128,271	)	¥	1,353		¥	(126,918	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Amount arising during the year		(2,179	)		671			(1,508	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		1,320			42			1,362
Net change during the year		(859	)		713			(146	)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Amount arising during the year		8,409			(3,573	)		4,836
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		(6,990	)		2,921			(4,069	)
Net change during the year		1,419			(652	)		767
Pension liability adjustments:
Amount arising during the year		(19,170	)		8,314			(10,856	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		2,323			(794	)		1,529
Net change during the year		(16,847	)		7,520			(9,327	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	¥	(144,558	)	¥	8,934		¥	(135,624	)

15. Stock-Based Compensation

On May 1, 2011, based on the approval of the stockholders, the Company granted stock options to its directors, executive officers and certain employees to acquire 912,000 shares of common stock. These option awards vest after two years of continued service beginning on the grant date and have a four year contractual term. The grant-date fair value per share of the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2011 was ¥772.

On May 1, 2010, based on the approval of the stockholders, the Company granted stock options to its directors, executive officers and certain employees to acquire 890,000 shares of common stock. These option awards vest after two years of continued service beginning on the grant date and have a four year contractual term. The grant-date fair value per share of the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2010 was ¥988.

On May 1, 2009, based on the approval of the stockholders, the Company granted stock options to its directors, executive officers and certain employees to acquire 954,000 shares of common stock. These option awards vest after two years of continued service beginning on the grant date and have a four year contractual term. The grant-date fair value per share of the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2009 was ¥699.

On May 1, 2008, based on the approval of the stockholders, the Company granted stock options to its directors, executive officers and certain employees to acquire 592,000 shares of common stock. These option awards vest after two years of continued service beginning on the grant date and have a four year contractual term. The grant-date fair value per share of the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2008 was ¥1,247.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

15. Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

The compensation cost recognized for these stock options for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was ¥364 million, ¥748 million and ¥643 million, respectively, and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

The fair value of each option award was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that incorporates the assumptions presented below:

	Years ended December 31
	2011			2010
Expected term of option (in years)		4.0			4.0
Expected volatility		36.44	%		38.00	%
Dividend yield		3.16	%		2.53	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.44	%		0.45	%

A summary of option activity under the stock option plans as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is presented below:

	Shares			Weighted–average exercise price		Weighted–average remaining contractual term		Aggregate intrinsic value
				(Yen)		(Year)		(Millions of yen)
Outstanding at January 1, 2010		1,512,000		¥	4,119		3.0	¥	588
Granted		890,000			4,573
Forfeited		(182,000	)		3,479
Outstanding at December 31, 2010		2,220,000			4,354		2.5		722
Granted		912,000			3,990
Exercised		(65,800	)		3,287
Forfeited		(24,000	)		4,282
Outstanding at December 31, 2011		3,042,200			4,268		2.0		88
Exercised		(10,800	)		3,287
Forfeited		(305,000	)		4,493
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		2,726,400		¥	4,247		1.6	¥	37
Exercisable at December 31, 2012		1,988,400		¥	4,342		1.1	¥	37

At December 31, 2012, all outstanding option awards were vested or expected to be vested.

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested shares at December 31, 2012, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2012, is presented below:

	Year ended December 31, 2012
	Shares			Weighted–average grant-date fair value
				(Yen)
Nonvested at January 1, 2012		1,768,000		¥	878
Vested		(848,000	)		988
Forfeited		(182,000	)		796
Nonvested at December 31, 2012		738,000			772

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

15. Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

At December 31, 2012, there was ¥95 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a period of 0.33 year. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was ¥848 million, ¥547 million and ¥696 million, respectively. Cash received from the exercise of stock options for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was ¥35 million and ¥216 million, respectively.

16. Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders per Share

A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share computations is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012		2011		2010
	(Millions of yen)
Net income attributable to Canon Inc.	¥	224,564	¥	248,630	¥	246,603
	(Number of shares)
Average common shares outstanding		1,173,647,835		1,215,832,419		1,234,817,434
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		20,574		60,552		50,603
Diluted common shares outstanding		1,173,668,409		1,215,892,971		1,234,868,037
	(Yen)
Net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share:
Basic	¥	191.34	¥	204.49	¥	199.71
Diluted		191.34		204.48		199.70

The computation of diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 excludes certain outstanding stock options because the effect would be anti-dilutive.

17. Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Risk management policy

Canon operates internationally, exposing it to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Derivative financial instruments are comprised principally of foreign exchange contracts utilized by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to reduce the risk. Canon assesses foreign currency exchange rate risk by continually monitoring changes in the exposures and by evaluating hedging opportunities. Canon does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Canon is also exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments, but it is not expected that any counterparties will fail to meet their obligations. Most of the counterparties are internationally recognized financial institutions and selected by Canon taking into account their financial condition, and contracts are diversified across a number of major financial institutions.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

17. Derivatives and Hedging Activities (continued)

Foreign currency exchange rate risk management

Canon’s international operations expose Canon to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Canon uses foreign exchange contracts to manage certain foreign currency exchange exposures principally from the exchange of U.S. dollars and euros into Japanese yen. These contracts are primarily used to hedge the foreign currency exposure of forecasted intercompany sales and intercompany trade receivables that are denominated in foreign currencies. In accordance with Canon’s policy, a specific portion of foreign currency exposure resulting from forecasted intercompany sales are hedged using foreign exchange contracts which principally mature within three months.

Cash flow hedge

Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, including foreign exchange contracts associated with forecasted intercompany sales, are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These amounts are subsequently reclassified into earnings through other income (deductions) in the same period as the hedged items affect earnings. Substantially all amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at year-end are expected to be recognized in earnings over the next twelve months. Canon excludes the time value component from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Changes in the fair value of a foreign exchange contract for the period between the date that the forecasted intercompany sales occur and its maturity date are recognized in earnings and not considered hedge ineffectiveness.

Derivatives not designated as hedges

Canon has entered into certain foreign exchange contracts to primarily offset the earnings impact related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates associated with certain assets denominated in foreign currencies. Although these foreign exchange contracts have not been designated as hedges as required in order to apply hedge accounting, the contracts are effective from an economic perspective. The changes in the fair value of these contracts are recorded in earnings immediately.

Contract amounts of foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are set forth below:

	December 31
	2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
To sell foreign currencies	¥	420,272	¥	391,455
To buy foreign currencies		66,563		75,016

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

17. Derivatives and Hedging Activities (continued)

Fair value of derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets

The following tables present Canon’s derivative instruments measured at gross fair value as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

		Fair value
		December 31
	Balance sheet location	2012		2011
		(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	¥	443	¥	1,325
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current liabilities		4,472		1,270

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

		Fair value
		December 31
	Balance sheet location	2012		2011
		(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	¥	388	¥	3,393
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current liabilities		21,021		1,340

Effect of derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of income

The following tables present the effect of Canon’s derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships

	Years ended December 31
	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI (effective portion)			Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income (effective portion)					Gain (loss) recognized in income (ineffective portion and amount excluded from effectiveness testing)
	Amount			Location		Amount			Location		Amount
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Foreign exchange contracts	¥	(8,207	)		Other, net	¥	(2,440	)		Other, net	¥	(221	)
2011:
Foreign exchange contracts		(785	)		Other, net		5,006			Other, net		(457	)
2010:
Foreign exchange contracts		1,419			Other, net		6,990			Other, net		(302	)

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

17. Derivatives and Hedging Activities (continued)

Effect of derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of income (continued)

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

	Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivative
	Years ended December 31
	Location		2012			2011		2010
			(Millions of yen)
Foreign exchange contracts		Other, net	¥	(30,602	)	¥	11,168	¥	50,794

18. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Commitments

At December 31, 2012, commitments outstanding for the purchase of property, plant and equipment approximated ¥39,520 million, and commitments outstanding for the purchase of parts and raw materials approximated ¥65,311 million.

Canon occupies sales offices and other facilities under lease arrangements accounted for as operating leases. Deposits made under such arrangements aggregated ¥13,313 million and ¥14,171 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and are included in noncurrent receivables in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Rental expenses under such operating lease arrangements amounted to ¥40,273 million, ¥38,167 million and ¥40,396 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments required under noncancelable operating leases that have initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2012 are as follows:

	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	25,101
2014		16,512
2015		11,296
2016		7,529
2017		5,623
Thereafter		9,746
Total future minimum lease payments	¥	75,807

Guarantees

Canon provides guarantees for bank loans of its employees, affiliates and other companies. The guarantees for the employees are principally made for their housing loans. The guarantees of loans of its affiliates and other companies are made to ensure that those companies operate with less financial risk.

For each guarantee provided, Canon would have to perform under a guarantee if the borrower defaults on a payment within the contract periods of 1 year to 30 years, in the case of employees with housing loans, and of 1 year to 10 years, in the case of affiliates and other companies. The maximum amount of undiscounted payments Canon would have had to make in the event of default is ¥13,333 million at December 31, 2012. The carrying amounts of the liabilities recognized for Canon’s obligations as a guarantor under those guarantees at December 31, 2012 were not significant.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

18. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (continued)

Guarantees (continued)

Canon also issues contractual product warranties under which it generally guarantees the performance of products delivered and services rendered for a certain period or term. Changes in accrued product warranty cost for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are summarized as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	11,691		¥	13,343
Addition		13,553			14,296
Utilization		(12,503	)		(14,649	)
Other		(578	)		(1,299	)
Balance at end of year	¥	12,163		¥	11,691

Legal proceedings

Canon is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Canon has recorded provisions for liabilities when it is probable that liabilities have been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Canon reviews these provisions at least quarterly and adjusts these provisions to reflect the impact of the negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. Based on its experience, although litigation is inherently unpredictable, Canon believes that any damage amounts claimed in outstanding matters are not a meaningful indicator of Canon’s potential liability. In the opinion of management, any reasonably possible range of losses from outstanding matters would not have a material adverse effect on Canon’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

19. Disclosures about the Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk

Fair value of financial instruments

The estimated fair values of Canon’s financial instruments at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are set forth below. The following summary excludes cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, finance receivables, noncurrent receivables, short-term loans, trade payables and accrued expenses for which fair values approximate their carrying amounts. The summary also excludes investments which are disclosed in Note 2.

	December 31
	2012						2011
	Carrying amount			Estimated fair value			Carrying amount			Estimated fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Long-term debt, including current installments	¥	(3,664	)	¥	(3,654	)	¥	(7,070	)	¥	(7,053	)
Foreign exchange contracts:
Assets		831			831			4,718			4,718
Liabilities		(25,493	)		(25,493	)		(2,610	)		(2,610	)

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

19. Disclosures about the Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk (continued)

Fair value of financial instruments (continued)

The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value in the above table.

Long-term debt

Canon’s long-term debt instruments are classified as Level 2 instruments and valued based on the present value of future cash flows associated with each instrument discounted using current market borrowing rates for similar debt instruments of comparable maturity. The levels are more fully described in Note 20.

Foreign exchange contracts

The fair values of foreign exchange contracts are measured based on the market price obtained from financial institutions.

Limitations of fair value estimates

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instruments. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Concentrations of credit risk

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, one customer accounted for approximately 18% and 17% of consolidated trade receivables, respectively. Although Canon does not expect that the customer will fail to meet its obligations, Canon is potentially exposed to concentrations of credit risk if the customer failed to perform according to the terms of the contracts.

20. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value is as follows:

Level 1	—	Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2	—	Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3	—	Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable, which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in establishing a price.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

20. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following tables present Canon’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consistent with the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

	December 31, 2012
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	¥	—	¥	141,729	¥	—	¥	141,729
Available-for-sale (current):
Corporate bonds		30		—		—		30
Available-for-sale (noncurrent):
Government bonds		181		—		—		181
Corporate bonds		—		116		444		560
Fund trusts		159		1,075		—		1,234
Equity securities		21,335		—		—		21,335
Derivatives		—		831		—		831
Total assets	¥	21,705	¥	143,751	¥	444	¥	165,900
Liabilities:
Derivatives	¥	—	¥	25,493	¥	—	¥	25,493
Total liabilities	¥	—	¥	25,493	¥	—	¥	25,493

	December 31, 2011
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	¥	—	¥	204,307	¥	—	¥	204,307
Available-for-sale (current):
Corporate bonds		20		—		—		20
Available-for-sale (noncurrent):
Government bonds		150		—		—		150
Corporate bonds		—		104		454		558
Fund trusts		151		1,675		—		1,826
Equity securities		17,724		—		—		17,724
Derivatives		—		4,718		—		4,718
Total assets	¥	18,045	¥	210,804	¥	454	¥	229,303
Liabilities:
Derivatives	¥	—	¥	2,610	¥	—	¥	2,610
Total liabilities	¥	—	¥	2,610	¥	—	¥	2,610

Level 1 investments are comprised principally of Japanese equity securities, which are valued using an unadjusted quoted market price in active markets with sufficient volume and frequency of transactions. Level 2 cash and cash equivalents are valued based on market approach, using quoted prices for identical assets in

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

20. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (continued)

markets that are not active. Level 3 investments are mainly comprised of corporate bonds, which are valued based on cost approach, using unobservable inputs as the market for the assets was not active at the measurement date.

Derivative financial instruments are comprised of foreign exchange contracts. Level 2 derivatives are valued using quotes obtained from counterparties or third parties, which are periodically validated by pricing models using observable market inputs, such as foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, based on market approach.

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 assets measured on a recurring basis, consisting primarily of corporate bonds, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	454		¥	1,950
Total gains or losses (realized or unrealized):
Included in earnings		3			(2	)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		2			(12	)
Purchases, issuances, and settlements		(15	)		(1,482	)
Balance at end of year	¥	444		¥	454

Gains and losses included in earnings are mainly related to corporate bonds still held at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and are reported in “Other, net” in the consolidated statements of income.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

During the year ended December 31, 2012, there were no circumstances that required any significant assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, equity securities accounted for by the equity method with a carrying amount of ¥3,577 million were written down to their fair value of zero, resulting in an other-than-temporary impairment charge of ¥3,577 million, which was included in earnings. Equity securities accounted for by the equity method were classified as Level 3 instruments and valued based on an income approach using unobservable inputs such as projected income of the investment.

21. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company executed three separate share exchanges under which the Company made its three listed subsidiaries, Canon Finetech Inc., Canon Machinery Inc. and Tokki Corporation, its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company issued no new shares, as it issued 10,000,853 shares of treasury stock for these transactions in total.

As a result of the share exchanges, the carrying amount of the Company’s noncontrolling interest in Canon Finetech Inc., Canon Machinery Inc. and Tokki Corporation was decreased from ¥38,644 million to zero.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

22. Segment Information

Canon operates its business in three segments: the Office Business Unit, the Imaging System Business Unit, and the Industry and Others Business Unit, which are based on the organizational structure and information reviewed by Canon’s management to evaluate results and allocate resources.

The primary products included in each segment are as follows:

Office Business Unit: Office MFDs / Office copying machines / Personal-use copying machines / Laser MFDs / Laser printers / Digital production printing systems / High speed continuous feed printers / Wide-format printers / Document solution

Imaging System Business Unit*: Interchangeable-lens digital cameras / Compact digital cameras / Digital camcorders / Digital cinema cameras / Interchangeable lenses / Inkjet printers / Large-format inkjet printers / Commercial photo printers / Image scanners / Broadcast equipment / Calculators

Industry and Others Business Unit: Semiconductor lithography equipment / FPD lithography equipment / Digital radiography systems / Ophthalmic equipment / Vacuum thin-film deposition equipment / Organic LED panel manufacturing equipment / Micromotors / Computers / Handy terminals / Document scanners

* The “Consumer Business Unit” has been renamed the “Imaging System Business Unit” to be more consistent with its strategy to expand the business. This change in segment description has no impact on any financial information of this segment.

The accounting policies of the segments are substantially the same as those described in the significant accounting policies in Note 1. Canon evaluates performance of, and allocates resources to, each segment based on operating profit.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

22. Segment Information (continued)

Information about operating results and assets for each segment as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:

	Office		Imaging System		Industry and Others			Corporate and eliminations			Consolidated
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	1,751,960	¥	1,404,394	¥	323,434		¥	—		¥	3,479,788
Intersegment		5,615		1,577		84,406			(91,598	)		—
Total		1,757,575		1,405,971		407,840			(91,598	)		3,479,788
Operating cost and expenses		1,553,997		1,195,653		401,930			4,352			3,155,932
Operating profit	¥	203,578	¥	210,318	¥	5,910		¥	(95,950	)	¥	323,856
Total assets	¥	828,222	¥	614,328	¥	337,899		¥	2,175,054		¥	3,955,503
Depreciation and amortization		77,660		53,664		34,264			92,545			258,133
Capital expenditures		58,402		58,142		44,086			146,031			306,661
2011:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	1,912,112	¥	1,311,023	¥	334,298		¥	—		¥	3,557,433
Intersegment		5,831		1,021		86,565			(93,417	)		—
Total		1,917,943		1,312,044		420,863			(93,417	)		3,557,433
Operating cost and expenses		1,658,678		1,100,750		396,563			23,371			3,179,362
Operating profit (loss)	¥	259,265	¥	211,294	¥	24,300		¥	(116,788	)	¥	378,071
Total assets	¥	821,782	¥	452,809	¥	362,638		¥	2,293,498		¥	3,930,727
Depreciation and amortization		93,196		45,609		29,685			92,853			261,343
Capital expenditures		53,888		48,192		37,648			122,753			262,481
2010:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	1,978,945	¥	1,389,622	¥	338,334		¥	—		¥	3,706,901
Intersegment		8,324		1,705		94,624			(104,653	)		—
Total		1,987,269		1,391,327		432,958			(104,653	)		3,706,901
Operating cost and expenses		1,693,947		1,153,262		442,789			29,351			3,319,349
Operating profit (loss)	¥	293,322	¥	238,065	¥	(9,831	)	¥	(134,004	)	¥	387,552
Total assets	¥	855,893	¥	414,022	¥	307,029		¥	2,406,876		¥	3,983,820
Depreciation and amortization		103,548		41,665		37,387			93,593			276,193
Capital expenditures		53,115		36,266		27,105			77,061			193,547

Intersegment sales are recorded at the same prices used in transactions with third parties. Expenses not directly associated with specific segments are allocated based on the most reasonable measures applicable. Corporate expenses include certain corporate research and development expenses. Segment assets are based on those directly associated with each segment. Corporate assets primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, finance receivables, investments, deferred tax assets, goodwill and corporate properties. Capital expenditures represent the additions to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets measured on an accrual basis.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

22. Segment Information (continued)

Information by major geographic area as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:

	2012		2011		2010
	(Millions of yen)
Net sales:
Japan	¥	720,286	¥	694,450	¥	695,749
Americas		939,873		961,955		1,023,299
Europe		1,014,038		1,113,065		1,172,474
Asia and Oceania		805,591		787,963		815,379
Total	¥	3,479,788	¥	3,557,433	¥	3,706,901
Long-lived assets:
Japan	¥	1,032,598	¥	1,070,412	¥	1,104,949
Americas		112,163		85,824		69,034
Europe		91,904		83,296		108,160
Asia and Oceania		159,435		89,334		72,846
Total	¥	1,396,100	¥	1,328,866	¥	1,354,989

Net sales are attributed to areas based on the location where the product is shipped to the customers. Other than in Japan and the United States, Canon does not conduct business in any individual country in which its sales in that country exceed 10% of consolidated net sales. Net sales in the United States are ¥763,870 million, ¥779,652 million and ¥836,645 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Long-lived assets represent property, plant and equipment and intangible assets for each geographic area.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

22. Segment Information (continued)

The following information is based on the location of the Company and its subsidiaries as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. In addition to the disclosure requirements under U.S. GAAP, Canon discloses this information in order to provide financial statements users with useful information.

	Japan		Americas		Europe		Asia and Oceania		Corporate and eliminations			Consolidated
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	834,406	¥	932,987	¥	1,010,922	¥	701,473	¥	—		¥	3,479,788
Intersegment		1,829,834		23,767		5,650		781,836		(2,641,087	)		—
Total		2,664,240		956,754		1,016,572		1,483,309		(2,641,087	)		3,479,788
Operating cost and expenses		2,336,536		937,111		972,585		1,437,527		(2,527,827	)		3,155,932
Operating profit	¥	327,704	¥	19,643	¥	43,987	¥	45,782	¥	(113,260	)	¥	323,856
Total assets	¥	1,206,702	¥	339,918	¥	457,592	¥	548,583	¥	1,402,708		¥	3,955,503
2011:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	807,883	¥	952,833	¥	1,109,256	¥	687,461	¥	—		¥	3,557,433
Intersegment		1,873,157		16,217		4,681		744,179		(2,638,234	)		—
Total		2,681,040		969,050		1,113,937		1,431,640		(2,638,234	)		3,557,433
Operating cost and expenses		2,273,336		948,593		1,069,489		1,388,580		(2,500,636	)		3,179,362
Operating profit	¥	407,704	¥	20,457	¥	44,448	¥	43,060	¥	(137,598	)	¥	378,071
Total assets	¥	1,236,468	¥	250,131	¥	427,030	¥	442,263	¥	1,574,835		¥	3,930,727
2010:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	854,208	¥	1,008,200	¥	1,163,452	¥	681,041	¥	—		¥	3,706,901
Intersegment		1,974,591		7,975		3,489		723,423		(2,709,478	)		—
Total		2,828,799		1,016,175		1,166,941		1,404,464		(2,709,478	)		3,706,901
Operating cost and expenses		2,398,439		993,310		1,126,521		1,357,663		(2,556,584	)		3,319,349
Operating profit	¥	430,360	¥	22,865	¥	40,420	¥	46,801	¥	(152,894	)	¥	387,552
Total assets	¥	1,321,572	¥	251,587	¥	472,785	¥	421,250	¥	1,516,626		¥	3,983,820

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Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

	Balance at beginning of period		Addition- charged to income		Deduction bad debts written off			Translation adjustments and other			Balance at end of period
	(Millions of yen)
Year ended December 31, 2012:
Allowance for doubtful receivables
Trade receivables	¥	11,563	¥	2,149	¥	(2,382	)	¥	1,640		¥	12,970
Finance receivables		7,039		1,922		(1,304	)		(749	)		6,908
Year ended December 31, 2011:
Allowance for doubtful receivables
Trade receivables	¥	14,920	¥	492	¥	(3,995	)	¥	146		¥	11,563
Finance receivables		7,983		2,052		(1,937	)		(1,059	)		7,039
Year ended December 31, 2010:
Allowance for doubtful receivables
Trade receivables	¥	11,343	¥	787	¥	(2,038	)	¥	4,828		¥	14,920
Finance receivables		9,023		1,995		(3,103	)		68			7,983

153

Item 19. Exhibits

List of exhibits

1.1 Articles of Incorporation of Canon Inc. (Translation), incorporated by reference from the annual report on Form 20-F (Commission file number 0-15122) filed on March 29, 2012

1.2 Regulations of the Board of Directors of Canon Inc. (Translation), incorporated by reference from the annual report on Form 20-F (Commission file number 0-15122) filed on March 28, 2008

2 Regulations for Handling of Shares of Canon Inc. (Translation), incorporated by reference from the annual report on Form 20-F (Commission file number 0-15122) filed on March 27, 2009

8 List of Significant Subsidiaries (See “Organizational Structure” in Item 4.C. of this Form 20-F)

11.1 Canon Group Code of Conduct (Translation)

11.2 Code of Ethics (Supplement to The Canon Group Code of Conduct) (Translation), incorporated by reference from the annual report on Form 20-F (Commission file number 0-15122) filed on June 10, 2004

12 Certifications of Chairman and CEO and Executive Vice President and CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

13 Certification of Chairman and CEO and Executive Vice President and CFO pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT

101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT

101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT

101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

101 DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

Canon has not included as exhibits certain instruments with respect to its long-term debt. The total amount of its long-term debt authorized under any instrument does not exceed 10% of its total assets, and Canon agrees to furnish a copy of any instrument defining the rights of holders of its long-term debt to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

154

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CANON INC.
(Registrant)
By:	/s/ Toshizo Tanaka
	Toshizo Tanaka
	Executive Vice President & CFO

Canon Inc.

30-2, Shimomaruko 3-chome,

Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan

Date    March 28, 2013

155

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit number	Title
Exhibit 1.1	Articles of Incorporation of Canon Inc. (Translation), incorporated by reference from the annual report on Form 20-F (Commission file number 0-15122) filed on March 29, 2012
Exhibit 1.2	Regulations Of the Board of Directors of Canon Inc. (Translation), incorporated by reference from the annual report on Form 20-F (Commission file number 0-15122) filed on March 28, 2008
Exhibit 2	Regulations for Handling of Shares of Canon Inc. (Translation), incorporated by reference from the annual report on Form 20-F (Commission file number 0-15122) filed on March 27, 2009
Exhibit 8	List of Significant Subsidiaries (See “Organizational Structure” in Item 4.C. of this Form 20-F)
Exhibit 11.1	Canon Group Code of Conduct (Translation)
Exhibit 11.2	Code of Ethics (Supplement to The Canon Group Code of Conduct) (Translation), incorporated by reference from the annual report on Form 20-F (Commission file number 0-15122) filed on June 10, 2004
Exhibit 12	Certifications of Chairman and CEO and Executive Vice President and CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Exhibit 13	Certification of Chairman and CEO and Executive Vice President and CFO pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Exhibit 101	INSTANCE DOCUMENT
Exhibit 101	SCHEMA DOCUMENT
Exhibit 101	CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
Exhibit 101	LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
Exhibit 101	PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
Exhibit 101	DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

156

EX-11.1

Exhibit 11.1

CANON GROUP CODE OF CONDUCT

Introduction

Canon Group Code of Conduct

Canon has adopted as its corporate philosophy the concept of kyosei, which can be translated as “living and working together for the common good,” and our basic management policy is to contribute to the prosperity and well being of the world while endeavoring to become a truly excellent global company that achieves continuous corporate growth and development.

The Canon Group Code of Conduct was introduced in 2001 on August 10th, the anniversary of the company’s founding. This Code reiterates the management stance of the Canon Group, as well as practical rules which the executives and employees of the Canon Group must comply with in the performance of their duties.

To realize our goal of becoming a company that is welcomed and respected around the world, the executives and employees of the Canon Group must observe and act in accordance with the provisions outlined in the Canon Group Code of Conduct.

It should be noted that Canon adheres to a set of universal guiding principles—the “San-ji (Three ‘selfs’) Spirit”—that provides a basis for our actions. The “Three ‘selfs’” are: self-motivation, self-management, and self-awareness.

We have long believed in and practiced the important principle that one should always maintain a positive attitude towards one’s work by (i) understanding the position, role, and status in which one has been placed (ji-kaku: self-awareness); (ii) taking the initiative to become actively engaged in the tasks that one faces (ji-hatsu: self-motivation); and (iii) properly managing oneself (ji-chi: self-management).

The various provisions of the Canon Group Code of Conduct find their inspiration in the Canon San-ji Spirit.

I eagerly call upon each and every member of the Canon Group to carefully review the Canon Group Code of Conduct to gain a complete understanding of its contents. In this way, through our conduct, we can all contribute to making Canon a truly excellent global company.

March 29, 2012

Fujio Mitarai

Chairman & CEO

Canon Inc.

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction		2
I. General Provisions		4
	1. Scope of Application
	2. Disciplinary Actions
	3. Administrating and Managing Department
	4. Consultation
	5. Establishment of Monitoring Sections
	6. Establishment of Subordinate Standards
II. Management Stance		6
	1. Contribution to Society
	(1)   Provision of Excellent Products
	(2)   Protection of Consumers
	(3)   Preservation of the Global Environment
	(4)   Social and Cultural Contributions
	(5)   Communication
	2. Fair Business Activities
	(1)   Practice of Fair Competition
	(2)   Observance of Corporate Ethics
	(3)   Appropriate Disclosure of Information
III. Code of Conduct for the Executives and Employees		9
	1. Compliance with Corporate Ethics and Laws
	(1)   Fairness and Sincerity
	(2)   Legal Compliance in Performance of Duties
	(3)   Appropriate Interpretation of Applicable Laws, Regulations and Company Rules
	2. Management of Corporate Assets and Property
	(1)   Strict Management of Assets and Property
	(2)   Prohibition Against Improper Use of Company Assets and Property
	(3)   Protection of the Company’s Intellectual Property Rights
	3. Management of Information
	(1)   Management in Compliance with Rules
	(2)   Prohibition Against Personal Use of Confidential and Proprietary Information
	(3)   Prohibition Against Insider Trading
	(4)    Prohibition Against the Unlawful Acquisition of Confidential or Proprietary Information Pertaining to Other Companies
	(5)   Appropriate Use of Confidential and Proprietary Information Pertaining to Other Companies
	4. Conflicts of Interests/Separation of Personal and Company Matters
	(1)   Avoidance of Conflicts of Interests
	(2)    Prohibition Against Seeking, Accepting or Offering Improper Gifts, Entertainment, or Other Benefits
	(3)   Prohibition Against Acquisition of Pre-IPO Shares
	5. Maintenance and Improvement of Working Environment
	(1)   Respect for the Individual and Prohibition Against Discrimination
	(2)   Prohibition Against Sexual Harassment
	(3)   Prohibition Against Bringing Weapons or Drugs to the Company Workplace
Supplementary Provisions		18

3

I. General Provisions

4

I. General Provisions

1. Scope of Application

This Canon Group Code of Conduct shall apply to all executives and employees of Canon Inc. and its subsidiaries [1] (hereinafter referred to as “the executives and employees of the Canon Group” or “the executive and employees”). The boards of directors of the individual member companies of the Canon Group shall adopt the Canon Group Code of Conduct before its application.

Note:

[1] Subsidiaries are those companies in which Canon Inc. holds a majority equity position either directly or indirectly.

2. Disciplinary Actions

The executives and employees of the Canon Group who act in clear violation of the provisions of the Code of Conduct shall be subject to disciplinary actions in accordance with the provisions of the Rules of Employment of the Canon Group company to which they belong.

3. Administrating and Managing Department

Interpretation and application of the Canon Group Code of Conduct shall fall under the administration and management of the Compliance Office, Corporate Legal Center of Canon Inc.

Each member company of the Canon Group shall designate a specific department to administer and manage the Code of Conduct within that company, and shall ensure that the company’s executives and employees are fully aware of the contents of the Code of Conduct.

4. Consultation

The executives and employees of the Canon Group are obligated to consult with their company’s designated department regarding any questions or concerns that they may have pertaining to compliance with the provisions of the Code of Conduct.

5. Establishment of Monitoring Sections

Each member company of the Canon Group shall establish and maintain an internal organization for monitoring the company’s compliance with the Code of Conduct.

6. Establishment of Subordinate Standards

Each member company of the Canon Group may establish subordinate standards or regulations that further define the Code of Conduct and standards concerning specific areas (e.g., information security).

5

II. Management Stance

6

II. Management Stance

The Canon Group shall conduct itself in accordance with the following management stance with regard to its relations with society. The executives and employees of the Canon Group shall perform their duties in accordance with this management stance.

1. Contribution to Society

The Canon Group shall endeavor to make a positive contribution to people, communities, and societies throughout the world, by creating superior new technologies and product genres, and by incorporating these in the development of new business at appropriate locations around the globe.

(1) Provision of Excellent Products

The Canon Group shall strive to offer high-quality excellent products and prompt services that utilize the latest technologies and are designed to meet the needs and desires of its customers.

(2) Protection of Consumers

The Canon Group shall take every precaution to ensure that consumers incur neither bodily injury nor property damage as a result of defects or failures in its products and/or services.

(3) Preservation of the Global Environment

The Canon Group is keenly aware of the importance of preserving the global environment. The Canon Group shall therefore harness its creativity and activities to engage in positive measures for the preservation of the environment. It shall also work to prevent environmental deterioration and destruction through steps designed to conserve resources and energy, recycle products, and reduce waste.

(4) Social and Cultural Contributions

In keeping with its aspiration of continuing to be regarded as a respected corporate citizen throughout the areas in which it serves, the Canon Group shall contribute extensively to social and cultural endeavors through programs developed with a full awareness of the company’s role in the community.

(5) Communication

The Canon Group values good communication with society at large and shall work diligently to enhance public understanding of, and support for, the Canon Group’s management stance.

2. Fair Business Activities

The Canon Group shall continue its commitment to full compliance with all laws and regulations applicable to its activities, and shall engage in its business with fairness and sincerity.

(1) Practice of Fair Competition

The Canon Group shall at all times avoid any business practice that undermines market competition, shall eschew the pursuit of profit through unlawful means, and shall refuse to participate in any practice that might raise suspicion in the eyes of the public.

7

(2) Observance of Corporate Ethics

In all its business activities, the Canon Group shall avoid any conduct that violates the principles of corporate ethics.

(3) Appropriate Disclosure of Information

The Canon Group shall, in its business activities, provide information accurately and truthfully in order to avoid any misunderstandings with customers. Similarly, the Canon Group shall not engage in improper advertising such as extravagant advertisement and misrepresentation that may mislead consumers.

8

III. Code of Conduct

for

the Executives and Employees

9

III. Code of Conduct for the Executives and Employees

In order that the management stance of the Canon Group as outlined in the preceding section not be undermined, the executives and employees of the Canon Group shall observe the following provisions of this Code of Conduct.

1. Compliance with Corporate Ethics and Laws

(1) Fairness and Sincerity

The executives and employees of the Canon Group shall at all times refrain from any unfair behavior or practices, from any conduct that violates the principles of corporate ethics and social conventions, and from any conduct that might deteriorate society’s trust of the Canon Group. The executives and employees must perform their duties in the spirit of fairness and sincerity.

[Explanation]

When engaging in business activities with persons and entities outside the company, the executives and employees of the Canon Group are representatives of the Canon Group company to which they are belong and act pursuant to the authority vested in them by the company. Needless to say, in the performance of their duties, the executives and employees must at all times avoid methods and practices that violate any laws or regulations. Moreover, certain methods and practices that may not actually violate any laws or regulations should nevertheless be avoided if they violate relevant social conventions or ethical principles. Such conduct will inevitably lead to a loss of trust in and goodwill toward the Canon Group because it contravenes the business principles of “fairness and sincerity” that should be maintained at all times in the performance of one’s duty.

The executives and employees must always be aware of how others will view their conduct.

(2) Legal Compliance in Performance of Duties

The executives and employees of the Canon Group shall endeavor to fully understand the laws applicable to their business activities and the relevant rules of conduct of the company to which they belong, and they shall fully comply with these laws and rules in the performance of their duties.

[Explanation]

Legal compliance is one of the most important aspects of the management principles of the Canon Group. Legal compliance requires executives and employees to understand and comply with a wide range of laws and regulations, including, among others, antitrust laws designed to promote free and fair competition; laws and regulations pertaining to the export and import of goods and technologies; laws and regulations pertaining to the protection of consumers; laws and regulations pertaining to chemical materials and substances; and laws and regulations pertaining to environmental protection.

Violations of any of such laws and regulations can expose the individual executives and employees to criminal liability. Furthermore, such violations may expose the company to criminal liability resulting in the imposition of fines or other penalties as well as civil actions, which could result in payment of compensation for damages.

In addition, compliance with the rules of employment and other company rules is a principal obligation of every executives and employees founded on employment contracts or other applicable laws and regulations.

10

(3) Appropriate Interpretation of Applicable Laws, Regulations and Company Rules

In case of any concerns or questions relating to the interpretation of or compliance with any laws, regulations or rules, the executives and employees of the Canon Group must seek the advice of the departments that have specialty of such issues or the Legal Division.

[Explanation]

In reality, it is difficult for the executives and employees to be cognizant of the manner in which every potentially relevant law, regulation or rule may apply to their business activities. In the performance of their daily duties, if certain questions may arise concerning compliance with relevant laws, regulations or rules, the executives and employees must immediately seek the advice of departments within their company that possess expert knowledge relating to such compliance (e.g., the Legal Division, the Export-Import Control Department; etc.).

2. Management of Corporate Assets and Property

(1) Strict Management of Assets and Property

The executives and employees of the Canon Group shall endeavor to protect and preserve the various assets and property of the company (products, goods, supplies, facilities and equipment, information and communication infrastructure, information, brands, trust, etc.) and must strictly manage these assets and property in accordance with the rules of their company.

[Explanation]

The executives and employees are responsible for managing personal computers and other company assets assigned to them for use in the performance of their duties in accordance with the rules of the company.

The executives and employees also have certain responsibilities regarding other company assets and property that have not been directly managed by them. Thus, when the executives and employees find that the value of such assets or property have been damaged or are threatened to be damaged due to theft or other improper or potentially harmful activity, the executives and employees are required to notify those responsible for such assets or property or take other appropriate measures.

(2) Prohibition Against Improper Use of Company Assets and Property

The executives and employees of the Canon Group are prohibited from using the assets and property of the company for their personal purposes, or removing assets and property from the premises of the company, unless otherwise provided in the rules of the company. Upon retirement, resignation or termination of employment, the executives and employees must return all company assets and property in their possession or control.

[Explanation]

Copiers, personal computers, telephones, and other company assets or property assigned to be managed by the executives and employees are to be used exclusively for the performance of their duties and not for personal use, either during or outside of business hours. Moreover, the executives and employees may not take these assets or property home or otherwise remove company assets or property from the premises of the company without permission.

The executives or employees leaving the company due to retirement, resignation or any other reason are responsible for returning all company assets and property in their possession or control.

11

(3) Protection of the Company’s Intellectual Property Rights

The executives and employees of the Canon Group shall strictly manage all of the company’s intellectual property rights that have been granted or have accrued to the company under the provisions of the law and the company rules or through any other means. In order to avoid infringing on the rights of third parties, due diligence must be exercised with respect to inventions, utility models, and copyright materials.

[Explanation]

Ownership and control of outstanding intellectual property is an indispensable element in ensuring the growth of any company involved primarily in the manufacture and marketing of products.

In accordance with applicable laws and regulations and the rules of the company, all inventions, utility models, copyrights or other intellectual properties generated by the executives and employees in the course of the performance of their duties will belong to the company as part of its intangible assets. Such assets must be strictly managed in accordance with the rules of the company.

Due care must be taken to avoid any illegal use of the confidential and proprietary information of third parties and any infringement of the rights of third parties in all procedures pertaining to inventions, utility models, and copyright materials.

3. Management of Information

(1) Management in Compliance with Rules

The executives and employees of the Canon Group shall strictly manage the Canon Group’s confidential and proprietary information, undisclosed information, and all forms of personal information. When disclosing such information, the executives and employees shall comply with all applicable laws and regulations and prescribed company procedures.

[Explanation]

As mentioned in Chapter III Section 2 (1), confidential and proprietary information constitutes a vital company asset or property. Unauthorized disclosure of confidential or proprietary information can prove highly injurious to the company and third parties and can obstruct the smooth performance of business relationships. Therefore, confidential and proprietary information must be subject to particularly stringent protection and control.

On the other hand, publicly traded companies are obligated by various laws and regulations to disclose certain types of financial and other information to the public, and, in certain cases, publicly traded companies must voluntarily disclose certain other types of information not required to be disclosed by law. Any such disclosures must be undertaken by authorized persons in accordance with the prescribed procedures set by the company.

Given the wide availability and use of the Internet, many of the laws and regulations that pertain to this area require companies to fully protect personal information such as customer lists and directories.

12

(2) Prohibition Against Personal Use of Confidential and Proprietary Information

The executives and employees of the Canon Group are prohibited from revealing or using the Canon Group’s confidential, proprietary or undisclosed information for personal convenience, personal gain, or other personal purposes. The executives and employees are forbidden to reveal or use any information that they have acquired during their work for the company, even after they leave the company.

[Explanation]

The executives and employees are obligated to maintain the confidentiality of the confidential or proprietary information pertaining to the company to which they belong by the contractual terms of their employment or applicable laws and regulations. Maintaining the confidentiality of such information has two aspects: the obligation not to disclose the information to third parties, and the obligation to use such information in compliance with authorized purposes.

Use of confidential information by the executives and employees for the purposes other than those authorized in connection with the performance of their duties is improper in view of the second aspect of the obligation stated above. Especially, disclosure or unlawful use of technical know-how pertaining to manufacturing methods or marketing know-how including customer information may expose offenders to criminal charges such as breach of trust and give rise to other legal issues such as charges of unlawful competition.

(3) Prohibition Against Insider Trading

The executives and employees of the Canon Group are prohibited from buying or selling the publicly traded shares of their own company, affiliated companies, or other companies doing business with the company, on the basis of non-public information they have acquired during their work.

[Explanation]

So-called “insider trading” is prohibited by law. The law prohibits the buying and selling of the shares, convertible bonds, or other securities of publicly traded companies by persons with access to undisclosed material insider information—such as revenue estimates and sales data for new products—that may cause changes in the prices of such securities. A violation occurs when such transactions are undertaken prior to the public disclosure of the “insider” information.

Violators are personally subject to criminal charges. Furthermore, insider trading conducted by the executives and employees by misuse of internal information exposes the company to a loss of investors’ confidence.

13

(4) Prohibition Against the Unlawful Acquisition of Confidential or Proprietary Information Pertaining to Other Companies

The executives and employees of the Canon Group are prohibited from using illegal or wrongful means to acquire confidential or proprietary information pertaining to other companies.

[Explanation]

The acquisition of competitors’ confidential or proprietary information—such as technical know-how and customer lists—through improper means constitutes an act of unfair competition and in certain cases may constitute a crime.

The same legal issues may arise when a person knowingly acquires confidential or proprietary information that has been acquired by a third party through improper or illegal means.

(5) Appropriate Use of Confidential and Proprietary Information Pertaining to Other Companies

The executives and employees of the Canon Group shall handle any confidential or proprietary information disclosed by other companies to any member company of the Canon Group in accordance with the terms of the relevant contracts between the Canon Group company and those companies, and the internal rules of the Canon Group company.

[Explanation]

The company may receive confidential or proprietary information from other companies concerning business plans and other matters when examining the feasibility of a business tie-up. Similarly, the company may receive confidential or proprietary information concerning technical know-how in the case of a joint-development project. Almost without exception, such exchanges of confidential or proprietary information require non-disclosure agreements.

In general, non-disclosure agreements contain provisions prohibiting the disclosure of confidential and proprietary information to any third parties and the use of such information for unauthorized purposes. In order to avoid violation of non-disclosure agreements, the executives and employees with access to the confidential or proprietary information of other companies must handle such information in accordance with the provisions of the non-disclosure agreement and the internal rules of the company.

14

4. Conflicts of Interests/Separation of Personal and Company Matters

(1) Avoidance of Conflicts of Interests

The executives and employees of the Canon Group must be cognizant of the roles assigned to them in the performance of their duties and they must work faithfully in the full discharge of those duties. In order to remain above suspicion, the executives and employees must not possess a personal interest in any transaction between their company and a third party, including, those who are doing business with, taking investment to, or negotiating contracts with their companies.

[Explanation]

The executives and employees have, through legal relationship with the company such as employment or trust, an obligation to “act in good faith on behalf of the company in the performance of their duties.” The executives and employees who have a personal interest or relationship with an individual or entity engaging in business with the company may expose themselves to suspicion that they may be sacrificing the best interests of the company for personal reasons or personal gain.

For instance, consider a case in which a party serving as a manufacturing sub-contractor is operated by a relative of an executive or employee of the Canon Group. This situation invites suspicion that preferential treatment is being given to this sub-contractor due to its relationship with the executive or employee, to the detriment of the company.

To preserve their loyalty to the company, the executives and employees must avoid situations involving “conflicts of interests”—situations where their obligation to act in good faith in the performance of their duties clashes (or may seem to clash) with personal interests (including the interests of their family members or others with personal connections to the executive or employee).

15

(2) Prohibition Against Seeking, Accepting or Offering Improper Gifts, Entertainment, or Other Benefits

The executives and employees of the Canon Group must neither accept nor seek, from its customers or parties who are doing business with the company, improper benefits such as gifts, entertainment, or promises of future considerations that exceed the normal scope of social conventions. The executives and employees must not offer such improper benefits to civil servants, parties who are doing business with the company, or customers of the company.

[Explanation]

Consider for example, a case in which the executive or employee accepts a high-priced gift from a party doing business with their companies. This situation invites suspicion that unjust advantage has been given to the gift-giver, in the selection of the party, or in the determination of the terms of transactions.

The executives and employees are obligated to act in good faith on behalf of their companies in the performance of their duties. Receipt of benefits that exceed the normal scope of social conventions will give rise to questions concerning whether an individual is in fact acting in good faith.

Conversely, the offering of improper benefits to others doing business with the company invites suspicion that the executive or employee in question is seeking undue advantage from the recipient of such favors. Such suspicion undermines public trust in the propriety of the Canon Group’s operations.

It should also be noted that the offering of such benefits to civil servants may in certain instances constitute a crime.

(3) Prohibition Against Acquisition of Pre-IPO Shares

The executives and employees of the Canon Group are prohibited from using their position in the company to personally acquire any pre-IPO shares (private equity) of another entity doing business, or involved in investment or contractual transactions, with the company.

[Explanation]

As a rule, the executives and employees are free to enter into sale or purchase of the stock for purpose of personal investment. Moreover, the acquisition of pre-IPO shares does not constitute “insider trading.”

The acquisition of pre-IPO shares of an entity doing business with the company may in some cases raise legal issues and, in any event, could create a “conflict of interest” as mentioned in Chapter III Section 4 (1) and may invite suspicion concerning an individual’s good faith with respect to the performance of their duties.

Furthermore, the use of one’s position in the company to acquire pre-IPO shares for the purpose of realizing capital gains upon the initial public offering constitutes a form of “occupational privilege” or “ex officio profit” that cannot be permitted.

16

5. Maintenance and Improvement of Working Environment

(1) Respect for the Individual and Prohibition Against Discrimination

The executives and employees of the Canon Group must respect each other as individuals and must not discriminate against others for reasons of race, religion, nationality, gender, age, or any other improper classifications.

[Explanation]

People working together in the performance of their duties must respect each other’s personality regardless of their positions in the corporate hierarchy or the duties assigned to them.

Discrimination for reasons of race, religion, nationality, gender, age or on other grounds may give rise to legal issues.

(2) Prohibition Against Sexual Harassment

The executives and employees of the Canon Group are prohibited from engaging in any conduct or activities that undermine the preservation of a safe and pleasant working environment, including such improper conduct as violent behavior, threatening or intimidating behavior, sexual harassment, defamation, or any other type of improper behavior.

[Explanation]

The company is responsible for maintaining a working environment that is conducive to an efficient work performance. Violent behavior or other inappropriate conduct fetters the discharge of that responsibility. In addition, disrespectful behavior infringing upon the rights of others (e.g., personality rights) may give rise to serious legal issues.

(3) Prohibition Against Bringing Weapons or Drugs to the Company Workplace

The executives and employees of the Canon Group are prohibited from bringing to their workplace dangerous objects such as firearms, knives or other weapons. The executives and employees are further prohibited from maintaining illegal narcotics or other illegal controlled substances in the workplace.

[Explanation]

Bringing to workplace weapons such as firearms, knives, and illegal drugs undermines maintenance of a safe, healthy and pleasant working environment. Moreover, the possession of weapons or illegal drugs is prohibited by laws and regulations in many countries.

17

Supplementary Provisions

1. Date of Enforcement

The Canon Group Code of Conduct was enacted by resolution of the Board of Directors of Canon Inc. on July 31, 2001, and came into force on August 10, 2001, the anniversary of the company’s founding.

CANON GROUP CODE OF CONDUCT

Date of Issue	March 29, 2012
Publisher:	Canon Inc. Compliance Office, Corporate Legal Center 30-2, Shimomaruko 3-Chome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo JAPAN

^© CANON INC., 2001-2012

18

EX-12

Exhibit 12

302 Certification

I, Fujio Mitarai, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Canon Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 28, 2013

/s/ Fujio Mitarai

Fujio Mitarai

Chairman & CEO

302 Certification

I, Toshizo Tanaka, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Canon Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 28, 2013

/s/ Toshizo Tanaka

Toshizo Tanaka

Executive Vice President & CFO

EX-13

Exhibit 13

906 Certification

The certification set forth below is being submitted in connection with the Annual Report of Canon Inc. on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 (the “Report”) for the purpose of complying with Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.

Fujio Mitarai, Chairman & CEO of Canon Inc., and Toshizo Tanaka, Executive Vice President & CFO of Canon Inc., each certifies that, to the best of his knowledge:

1. the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Canon Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Name:	/s/ Fujio Mitarai
Fujio Mitarai
Chairman & CEO
March 28, 2013
Name:	/s/ Toshizo Tanaka
Toshizo Tanaka
Executive Vice President & CFO
March 28, 2013

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Short-Term Loans and Long-Term Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Loans, principally from banks, maturing in installments through 2020; bearing weighted average interest of 1.94% and 1.68% at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively	¥	132		¥	1,297
0.75% Japanese yen notes, due 2012		—			1,020
0.84% Japanese yen notes, due 2013		—			156
Capital lease obligations		3,532			4,597
		3,664			7,070
Less current portion		(1,547	)		(3,702	)
	¥	2,117		¥	3,368

Aggregate Annual Maturities of Long-Term Debt Outstanding

The aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2012 were as follows:

	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	1,547
2014		1,199
2015		611
2016		182
2017		91
Thereafter		34
	¥	3,664

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Changes in Level 3 Assets Measured on Recurring Basis (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	¥ 454	¥ 1,950
Total gains or losses (realized or unrealized):
Included in earnings	3	(2)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)	2	(12)
Purchases, issuances, and settlements	(15)	(1,482)
Balance at end of year	¥ 444	¥ 454

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Investments - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Gross realized gains	¥ 238	¥ 204	¥ 641
Gross realized losses	1,545	4,281	1,961
Time deposits with original maturities of more than three months	28,292	125,497
Aggregate cost of non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the cost method	14,808	14,583
Investments in affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method	17,345	15,776
Canon's share of net earnings (losses) in affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method, included in other income (deductions)	¥ 610	¥ (7,368)	¥ 10,471

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Disclosures about the Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Estimated Fair Values of Canon's Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values of Canon’s financial instruments at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are set forth below. The following summary excludes cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, finance receivables, noncurrent receivables, short-term loans, trade payables and accrued expenses for which fair values approximate their carrying amounts. The summary also excludes investments which are disclosed in Note 2.

	December 31
	2012						2011
	Carrying amount			Estimated fair value			Carrying amount			Estimated fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Long-term debt, including current installments	¥	(3,664	)	¥	(3,654	)	¥	(7,070	)	¥	(7,053	)
Foreign exchange contracts:
Assets		831			831			4,718			4,718
Liabilities		(25,493	)		(25,493	)		(2,610	)		(2,610	)

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Long-Term Debt (Parenthetical) (Detail)	12 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2011 0.75% Japanese Yen Notes, Due 2012	Dec. 31, 2011 0.84% Japanese Yen Notes, Due 2013
Debt Outstanding [Line Items]
Loans, principally from banks, bearing weighted average interest	1.94%	1.68%
Stated Interest Rate			0.75%	0.84%
Long-term debt, maturity year	2020		2012	2013

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Trade Receivables (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Notes	¥ 17,207	¥ 16,739
Accounts	569,138	528,032
Trade Accounts And Notes Receivable Gross Current, Total	586,345	544,771
Less allowance for doubtful receivables	(12,970)	(11,563)
Trade receivables, net (Note 3)	¥ 573,375	¥ 533,208

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Pension Plans with Projected and Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Japanese Plans
Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Projected benefit obligations	¥ 651,520	¥ 622,645
Fair value of plan assets	495,452	444,403
Plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Accumulated benefit obligations	615,551	591,830
Fair value of plan assets	489,929	444,403
Foreign Plans
Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Projected benefit obligations	360,742	259,517
Fair value of plan assets	244,296	188,023
Plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Accumulated benefit obligations	324,869	160,941
Fair value of plan assets	¥ 244,296	¥ 111,527

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Effect of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Statements of Income (Detail) (Cash Flow Hedging, Foreign Exchange Contract, Other Nonoperating Income Expense, JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Cash Flow Hedging | Foreign Exchange Contract | Other Nonoperating Income Expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in OCI (effective portion)	¥ (8,207)	¥ (785)	¥ 1,419
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income (effective portion)	(2,440)	5,006	6,990
Gain (loss) recognized in income (ineffective portion and amount excluded from effectiveness testing)	¥ (221)	¥ (457)	¥ (302)

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Contract Amounts of Foreign Exchange Contracts

Contract amounts of foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are set forth below:

	December 31
	2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
To sell foreign currencies	¥	420,272	¥	391,455
To buy foreign currencies		66,563		75,016

Cash Flow Hedging

Effect of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Statement of Income

The following tables present the effect of Canon’s derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships

	Years ended December 31
	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI (effective portion)			Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income (effective portion)					Gain (loss) recognized in income (ineffective portion and amount excluded from effectiveness testing)
	Amount			Location		Amount			Location		Amount
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Foreign exchange contracts	¥	(8,207	)		Other, net	¥	(2,440	)		Other, net	¥	(221	)
2011:
Foreign exchange contracts		(785	)		Other, net		5,006			Other, net		(457	)
2010:
Foreign exchange contracts		1,419			Other, net		6,990			Other, net		(302	)

Designated as Hedging Instrument

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments in Consolidated Balance Sheet

The following tables present Canon’s derivative instruments measured at gross fair value as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

		Fair value
		December 31
	Balance sheet location	2012		2011
		(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	¥	443	¥	1,325
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current liabilities		4,472		1,270

Not Designated as Hedging Instrument

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments in Consolidated Balance Sheet

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

		Fair value
		December 31
	Balance sheet location	2012		2011
		(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	¥	388	¥	3,393
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current liabilities		21,021		1,340

Effect of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Statement of Income

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

			Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivative
			Years ended December 31
	Location		2012			2011		2010
			(Millions of yen)
Foreign exchange contracts		Other, net	¥	(30,602	)	¥	11,168	¥	50,794

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Trade Receivables (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Trade Receivables

Trade receivables are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Notes	¥	17,207		¥	16,739
Accounts		569,138			528,032
		586,345			544,771
Less allowance for doubtful receivables		(12,970	)		(11,563	)
	¥	573,375		¥	533,208

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Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Japanese Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	¥ 25,738	¥ 25,875	¥ 23,331
Interest cost	11,788	12,354	12,636
Expected return on plan assets	(13,791)	(16,485)	(16,591)
Amortization of net transition obligation		722	722
Amortization of prior service credit	(13,079)	(13,674)	(13,878)
Amortization of actuarial loss	16,277	14,462	14,545
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost, Total	26,933	23,254	20,765
Foreign Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	5,884	5,756	5,660
Interest cost	13,176	12,748	11,792
Expected return on plan assets	(11,806)	(12,112)	(10,540)
Amortization of prior service credit	(116)	(93)	(116)
Amortization of actuarial loss	1,351	621	1,050
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost, Total	¥ 8,489	¥ 6,920	¥ 7,846

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Geographic Supplemental Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Net sales:
External customers	¥ 3,479,788	¥ 3,557,433	¥ 3,706,901
Total	3,479,788	3,557,433	3,706,901
Operating cost and expenses	3,155,932	3,179,362	3,319,349
Operating profit	323,856	378,071	387,552
Total assets	3,955,503	3,930,727	3,983,820
Domestic Country
Net sales:
External customers	834,406	807,883	854,208
Intersegment	1,829,834	1,873,157	1,974,591
Total	2,664,240	2,681,040	2,828,799
Operating cost and expenses	2,336,536	2,273,336	2,398,439
Operating profit	327,704	407,704	430,360
Total assets	1,206,702	1,236,468	1,321,572
Americas
Net sales:
External customers	932,987	952,833	1,008,200
Intersegment	23,767	16,217	7,975
Total	956,754	969,050	1,016,175
Operating cost and expenses	937,111	948,593	993,310
Operating profit	19,643	20,457	22,865
Total assets	339,918	250,131	251,587
Europe
Net sales:
External customers	1,010,922	1,109,256	1,163,452
Intersegment	5,650	4,681	3,489
Total	1,016,572	1,113,937	1,166,941
Operating cost and expenses	972,585	1,069,489	1,126,521
Operating profit	43,987	44,448	40,420
Total assets	457,592	427,030	472,785
Asia and Oceania
Net sales:
External customers	701,473	687,461	681,041
Intersegment	781,836	744,179	723,423
Total	1,483,309	1,431,640	1,404,464
Operating cost and expenses	1,437,527	1,388,580	1,357,663
Operating profit	45,782	43,060	46,801
Total assets	548,583	442,263	421,250
Corporate and eliminations
Net sales:
Intersegment	(2,641,087)	(2,638,234)	(2,709,478)
Total	(2,641,087)	(2,638,234)	(2,709,478)
Operating cost and expenses	(2,527,827)	(2,500,636)	(2,556,584)
Operating profit	(113,260)	(137,598)	(152,894)
Total assets	¥ 1,402,708	¥ 1,574,835	¥ 1,516,626

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Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution pension plans	¥ 13,021	¥ 12,511	¥ 11,780
Japanese Plans
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value of other assets	495,452	448,736	460,090
Contribution in defined benefit pension plan	18,610
Japanese Plans | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value of other assets	1,306	1,147
Japanese Plans | Equity Securities
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Invested in other plan assets	30.00%	30.00%
Japanese Plans | Debt Securities
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Invested in other plan assets	50.00%	50.00%
Japanese Plans | Life Insurance
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Invested in other plan assets	20.00%	20.00%
Foreign Plans
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value of other assets	249,534	192,033	197,835
Contribution in defined benefit pension plan	21,454
Foreign Plans | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value of other assets	¥ 0	¥ 0
Foreign Plans | Equity Securities
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Invested in other plan assets	40.00%	40.00%
Foreign Plans | Debt Securities
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Invested in other plan assets	55.00%	55.00%
Foreign Plans | Real estate assets
Employee Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Invested in other plan assets	5.00%	5.00%

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Reconciliation of Japanese Statutory Income Tax Rate and Effective Income Tax Rate (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Reconciliation of Statutory Federal Tax Rate [Line Items]
Japanese statutory income tax rate	40.00%	40.00%	40.00%
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes	0.80%	0.60%	0.80%
Income of foreign subsidiaries taxed at lower than Japanese statutory tax rate	(4.30%)	(4.30%)	(3.50%)
Tax credit for research and development expenses	(5.70%)	(3.90%)	(5.10%)
Change in valuation allowance	(1.70%)	(0.50%)	2.80%
Effect of enacted changes in tax laws and rates on Japanese tax		1.80%
Other	3.00%	(1.50%)	0.70%
Effective income tax rate	32.10%	32.20%	35.70%

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Land	¥ 272,233	¥ 268,493
Buildings	1,447,838	1,367,187
Machinery and equipment	1,586,827	1,499,331
Construction in progress	112,919	94,507
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross, Total	3,419,817	3,229,518
Less accumulated depreciation	(2,159,453)	(2,038,682)
Property, plant and equipment, net (Notes 5 and 6)	¥ 1,260,364	¥ 1,190,836

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Estimated Fair Values of Canon's Financial Instruments (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Carrying Amounts and Fair Values of Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Long-term debt, including current installments	¥ (3,664)	¥ (7,070)
Carrying (Reported) Amount, Fair Value Disclosure
Carrying Amounts and Fair Values of Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Long-term debt, including current installments	(3,664)	(7,070)
Foreign exchange contract assets	831	4,718
Foreign exchange contract liabilities	(25,493)	(2,610)
Estimate of Fair Value, Fair Value Disclosure
Carrying Amounts and Fair Values of Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Long-term debt, including current installments	(3,654)	(7,053)
Foreign exchange contract assets	831	4,718
Foreign exchange contract liabilities	¥ (25,493)	¥ (2,610)

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Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Effect of Income Taxes (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Japanese Plans
Schedule of Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Actuarial loss	¥ 253,748	¥ 291,778
Prior service credit	(117,633)	(130,712)
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Tax, Total	136,115	161,066
Foreign Plans
Schedule of Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Actuarial loss	50,417	16,095
Prior service credit	(261)	(345)
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Tax, Total	¥ 50,156	¥ 15,750

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Expected Future Service Benefit Payments (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012
Japanese Plans
Schedule of Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Expected Benefit Payments [Line Items]
Year ending December 31, 2013	¥ 15,961
Year ending December 31, 2014	16,947
Year ending December 31, 2015	18,765
Year ending December 31, 2016	20,524
Year ending December 31, 2017	21,970
Year ending December 31, 2018 - 2022	141,232
Foreign Plans
Schedule of Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Expected Benefit Payments [Line Items]
Year ending December 31, 2013	8,954
Year ending December 31, 2014	8,876
Year ending December 31, 2015	9,094
Year ending December 31, 2016	9,792
Year ending December 31, 2017	10,467
Year ending December 31, 2018 - 2022	¥ 61,438

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Summary of Defined Benefit Pension Plans Amortized from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Net Periodic Benefit Cost over Next Year (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012
Japanese Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Prior service credit	¥ (13,070)
Actuarial loss	14,414
Foreign Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Prior service credit	(124)
Actuarial loss	¥ 1,413

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Components of Income Before Income Taxes and Current and Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income before income taxes	¥ 342,557	¥ 374,524	¥ 392,863
Income taxes:
Current	102,625	91,286	110,779
Deferred	7,487	29,129	29,381
Income taxes (Note 12)	110,112	120,415	140,160
Domestic Country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income before income taxes	257,640	287,592	302,965
Income taxes:
Current	73,573	67,671	78,359
Deferred	13,900	21,047	35,496
Income taxes (Note 12)	87,473	88,718	113,855
Foreign Country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income before income taxes	84,917	86,932	89,898
Income taxes:
Current	29,052	23,615	32,420
Deferred	(6,413)	8,082	(6,115)
Income taxes (Note 12)	¥ 22,639	¥ 31,697	¥ 26,305

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Accumulated Benefit Obligation for All Defined Benefit Plans (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Japanese Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Accumulated benefit obligation	¥ 620,589	¥ 595,689
Foreign Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Accumulated benefit obligation	¥ 328,736	¥ 238,675

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Aggregate Annual Maturities of Long-Term Debt Outstanding (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Long Term Debt Maturities Repayments Of Principal [Line Items]
2013	¥ 1,547
2014	1,199
2015	611
2016	182
2017	91
Thereafter	34
Long-term debt, including current installments	¥ 3,664	¥ 7,070

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

18. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Commitments

At December 31, 2012, commitments outstanding for the purchase of property, plant and equipment approximated ¥39,520 million, and commitments outstanding for the purchase of parts and raw materials approximated ¥65,311 million.

Canon occupies sales offices and other facilities under lease arrangements accounted for as operating leases. Deposits made under such arrangements aggregated ¥13,313 million and ¥14,171 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and are included in noncurrent receivables in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Rental expenses under such operating lease arrangements amounted to ¥40,273 million, ¥38,167 million and ¥40,396 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments required under noncancelable operating leases that have initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2012 are as follows:

	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	25,101
2014		16,512
2015		11,296
2016		7,529
2017		5,623
Thereafter		9,746
Total future minimum lease payments	¥	75,807

Guarantees

Canon provides guarantees for bank loans of its employees, affiliates and other companies. The guarantees for the employees are principally made for their housing loans. The guarantees of loans of its affiliates and other companies are made to ensure that those companies operate with less financial risk.

For each guarantee provided, Canon would have to perform under a guarantee if the borrower defaults on a payment within the contract periods of 1 year to 30 years, in the case of employees with housing loans, and of 1 year to 10 years, in the case of affiliates and other companies. The maximum amount of undiscounted payments Canon would have had to make in the event of default is ¥13,333 million at December 31, 2012. The carrying amounts of the liabilities recognized for Canon’s obligations as a guarantor under those guarantees at December 31, 2012 were not significant.

Canon also issues contractual product warranties under which it generally guarantees the performance of products delivered and services rendered for a certain period or term. Changes in accrued product warranty cost for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are summarized as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	11,691		¥	13,343
Addition		13,553			14,296
Utilization		(12,503	)		(14,649	)
Other		(578	)		(1,299	)
Balance at end of year	¥	12,163		¥	11,691

Legal proceedings

Canon is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Canon has recorded provisions for liabilities when it is probable that liabilities have been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Canon reviews these provisions at least quarterly and adjusts these provisions to reflect the impact of the negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. Based on its experience, although litigation is inherently unpredictable, Canon believes that any damage amounts claimed in outstanding matters are not a meaningful indicator of Canon’s potential liability. In the opinion of management, any reasonably possible range of losses from outstanding matters would not have a material adverse effect on Canon’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Information by Major Geographic Area

Information by major geographic area as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:

	2012		2011		2010
	(Millions of yen)
Net sales:
Japan	¥	720,286	¥	694,450	¥	695,749
Americas		939,873		961,955		1,023,299
Europe		1,014,038		1,113,065		1,172,474
Asia and Oceania		805,591		787,963		815,379
Total	¥	3,479,788	¥	3,557,433	¥	3,706,901
Long-lived assets:
Japan	¥	1,032,598	¥	1,070,412	¥	1,104,949
Americas		112,163		85,824		69,034
Europe		91,904		83,296		108,160
Asia and Oceania		159,435		89,334		72,846
Total	¥	1,396,100	¥	1,328,866	¥	1,354,989

Geographical Segment

Geographic Supplemental Information

The following information is based on the location of the Company and its subsidiaries as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. In addition to the disclosure requirements under U.S. GAAP, Canon discloses this information in order to provide financial statements users with useful information.

	Japan		Americas		Europe		Asia and Oceania		Corporate and eliminations			Consolidated
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	834,406	¥	932,987	¥	1,010,922	¥	701,473	¥	—		¥	3,479,788
Intersegment		1,829,834		23,767		5,650		781,836		(2,641,087	)		—
Total		2,664,240		956,754		1,016,572		1,483,309		(2,641,087	)		3,479,788
Operating cost and expenses		2,336,536		937,111		972,585		1,437,527		(2,527,827	)		3,155,932
Operating profit	¥	327,704	¥	19,643	¥	43,987	¥	45,782	¥	(113,260	)	¥	323,856
Total assets	¥	1,206,702	¥	339,918	¥	457,592	¥	548,583	¥	1,402,708		¥	3,955,503
2011:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	807,883	¥	952,833	¥	1,109,256	¥	687,461	¥	—		¥	3,557,433
Intersegment		1,873,157		16,217		4,681		744,179		(2,638,234	)		—
Total		2,681,040		969,050		1,113,937		1,431,640		(2,638,234	)		3,557,433
Operating cost and expenses		2,273,336		948,593		1,069,489		1,388,580		(2,500,636	)		3,179,362
Operating profit	¥	407,704	¥	20,457	¥	44,448	¥	43,060	¥	(137,598	)	¥	378,071
Total assets	¥	1,236,468	¥	250,131	¥	427,030	¥	442,263	¥	1,574,835		¥	3,930,727
2010:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	854,208	¥	1,008,200	¥	1,163,452	¥	681,041	¥	—		¥	3,706,901
Intersegment		1,974,591		7,975		3,489		723,423		(2,709,478	)		—
Total		2,828,799		1,016,175		1,166,941		1,404,464		(2,709,478	)		3,706,901
Operating cost and expenses		2,398,439		993,310		1,126,521		1,357,663		(2,556,584	)		3,319,349
Operating profit	¥	430,360	¥	22,865	¥	40,420	¥	46,801	¥	(152,894	)	¥	387,552
Total assets	¥	1,321,572	¥	251,587	¥	472,785	¥	421,250	¥	1,516,626		¥	3,983,820

Business Segment

Geographic Supplemental Information

Information about operating results and assets for each segment as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:

	Office		Imaging System		Industry and Others			Corporate and eliminations			Consolidated
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	1,751,960	¥	1,404,394	¥	323,434		¥	—		¥	3,479,788
Intersegment		5,615		1,577		84,406			(91,598	)		—
Total		1,757,575		1,405,971		407,840			(91,598	)		3,479,788
Operating cost and expenses		1,553,997		1,195,653		401,930			4,352			3,155,932
Operating profit	¥	203,578	¥	210,318	¥	5,910		¥	(95,950	)	¥	323,856
Total assets	¥	828,222	¥	614,328	¥	337,899		¥	2,175,054		¥	3,955,503
Depreciation and amortization		77,660		53,664		34,264			92,545			258,133
Capital expenditures		58,402		58,142		44,086			146,031			306,661
2011:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	1,912,112	¥	1,311,023	¥	334,298		¥	—		¥	3,557,433
Intersegment		5,831		1,021		86,565			(93,417	)		—
Total		1,917,943		1,312,044		420,863			(93,417	)		3,557,433
Operating cost and expenses		1,658,678		1,100,750		396,563			23,371			3,179,362
Operating profit (loss)	¥	259,265	¥	211,294	¥	24,300		¥	(116,788	)	¥	378,071
Total assets	¥	821,782	¥	452,809	¥	362,638		¥	2,293,498		¥	3,930,727
Depreciation and amortization		93,196		45,609		29,685			92,853			261,343
Capital expenditures		53,888		48,192		37,648			122,753			262,481
2010:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	1,978,945	¥	1,389,622	¥	338,334		¥	—		¥	3,706,901
Intersegment		8,324		1,705		94,624			(104,653	)		—
Total		1,987,269		1,391,327		432,958			(104,653	)		3,706,901
Operating cost and expenses		1,693,947		1,153,262		442,789			29,351			3,319,349
Operating profit (loss)	¥	293,322	¥	238,065	¥	(9,831	)	¥	(134,004	)	¥	387,552
Total assets	¥	855,893	¥	414,022	¥	307,029		¥	2,406,876		¥	3,983,820
Depreciation and amortization		103,548		41,665		37,387			93,593			276,193
Capital expenditures		53,115		36,266		27,105			77,061			193,547

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Components of Income Before Income Taxes and Current and Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes and the current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) attributable to such income are summarized as follows:

	Year ended December 31, 2012
	Japanese		Foreign			Total
	(Millions of yen)
Income before income taxes	¥	257,640	¥	84,917		¥	342,557
Income taxes:
Current	¥	73,573	¥	29,052		¥	102,625
Deferred		13,900		(6,413	)		7,487
	¥	87,473	¥	22,639		¥	110,112

	Year ended December 31, 2011
	Japanese		Foreign		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Income before income taxes	¥	287,592	¥	86,932	¥	374,524
Income taxes:
Current	¥	67,671	¥	23,615	¥	91,286
Deferred		21,047		8,082		29,129
	¥	88,718	¥	31,697	¥	120,415

	Year ended December 31, 2010
	Japanese		Foreign			Total
	(Millions of yen)
Income before income taxes	¥	302,965	¥	89,898		¥	392,863
Income taxes:
Current	¥	78,359	¥	32,420		¥	110,779
Deferred		35,496		(6,115	)		29,381
	¥	113,855	¥	26,305		¥	140,160

Reconciliation of Japanese Statutory Income Tax Rate and Effective Inome Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the Japanese statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate as a percentage of income before income taxes is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
Japanese statutory income tax rate		40.0	%		40.0	%		40.0	%
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes		0.8			0.6			0.8
Income of foreign subsidiaries taxed at lower than Japanese statutory tax rate		(4.3	)		(4.3	)		(3.5	)
Tax credit for research and development expenses		(5.7	)		(3.9	)		(5.1	)
Change in valuation allowance		(1.7	)		(0.5	)		2.8
Effect of enacted changes in tax laws and rates on Japanese tax		—			1.8			—
Other		3.0			(1.5	)		0.7
Effective income tax rate		32.1	%		32.2	%		35.7	%

Net Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

Net deferred income tax assets and liabilities are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets under the following captions:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	¥	62,358		¥	61,961
Other assets		121,934			130,582
Other current liabilities		(2,662	)		(1,735	)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(44,712	)		(43,542	)
	¥	136,918		¥	147,266

Tax Effects of Temporary Differences to Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are presented below:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Deferred tax assets:
Inventories	¥	13,040		¥	18,885
Accrued business tax		4,754			3,227
Accrued pension and severance cost		86,442			90,025
Research and development—costs capitalized for tax purposes		12,658			12,898
Property, plant and equipment		28,780			31,624
Accrued expenses		36,528			37,992
Net operating losses carried forward		32,494			31,967
Other		41,366			38,220
		256,062			264,838
Less valuation allowance		(32,167	)		(33,788	)
Total deferred tax assets		223,895			231,050
Deferred tax liabilities:
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries		(8,235	)		(6,783	)
Net unrealized gains on securities		(2,437	)		(1,180	)
Tax deductible reserve		(6,417	)		(6,385	)
Financing lease revenue		(41,417	)		(40,878	)
Prepaid pension and severance cost		(1,073	)		(2,224	)
Other		(27,398	)		(26,334	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(86,977	)		(83,784	)
Net deferred tax assets	¥	136,918		¥	147,266

Periods Available to Reduce Future Taxable Income

Periods available to reduce future taxable income vary in each tax jurisdiction and generally range from one year to twenty years as follows:

	(Millions of yen)
Within one year	¥	2,583
After one year through five years		28,470
After five years through ten years		15,803
After ten years through twenty years		44,533
Indefinite period		31,461
Total	¥	122,850

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	2,933		¥	6,035		¥	13,235
Additions for tax positions of the current year		869			149			73
Additions for tax positions of prior years		4,903			431			805
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(1,546	)		(2,139	)		(8,354	)
Settlements with tax authorities		(41	)		(1,264	)		(2,471	)
Additions from acquisitions		—			—			4,066
Other		593			(279	)		(1,319	)
Balance at end of year	¥	7,711		¥	2,933		¥	6,035

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Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Accrued pension and severance cost	¥ (272,131)	¥ (249,604)
Japanese Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Other assets		54
Accrued pension and severance cost	(156,068)	(178,242)
Defined Benefit Plan, Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet, Total	(156,068)	(178,188)
Foreign Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Other assets	1,371	1,397
Accrued expenses	(383)	(132)
Accrued pension and severance cost	(116,063)	(71,362)
Defined Benefit Plan, Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet, Total	¥ (115,075)	¥ (70,097)

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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	May 01, 2011 Y	Dec. 31, 2010	May 01, 2010 Y	Dec. 31, 2009	May 01, 2009 Y	Dec. 31, 2008	May 01, 2008 Y
Compensation Related Costs Share Based Payments Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of common stock shares authorized to be acquired under stock options granted			912,000		890,000		954,000		592,000
Vesting period			2 years		2 years		2 years		2 years
Contractual term (in years)			4		4		4		4
Grant-date fair value per share of stock options		¥ 772		¥ 988		¥ 699		¥ 1,247
Recognized compensation cost for stock options	¥ 364	¥ 748		¥ 643
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options	95
Weighted-average period over which unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options is expected to be recognized (in years)	3 months 29 days
Fair value of vested shares	848	547		696
Cash received from the exercise of stock options	¥ 35	¥ 216

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Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Estimated Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at Acquisition Date

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at acquisition date.

	(Millions of yen)
Current assets	¥	122,248
Property, plant and equipment		51,156
Intangible assets		56,297
Goodwill		77,253
Other noncurrent assets		42,658
Non-current assets		227,364
Total acquired assets		349,612
Total assumed liabilities		247,458
Net assets acquired	¥	102,154

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Available-For-Sale Securities Included in Short-Term Investments and Investments By Major Security Type (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Available for sale Securities Current | Corporate Bonds
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Cost	¥ 30	¥ 20
Fair value	30	20
Available for sale Securities Non Current
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Cost	16,829	18,519
Gross unrealized holding gains	7,076	3,275
Gross unrealized holding losses	595	1,536
Fair value	23,310	20,258
Available for sale Securities Non Current | Corporate Bonds
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Cost	590	569
Gross unrealized holding gains		73
Gross unrealized holding losses	30	84
Fair value	560	558
Available for sale Securities Non Current | Government Bonds
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Cost	181	172
Gross unrealized holding losses		22
Fair value	181	150
Available for sale Securities Non Current | Fund Trusts
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Cost	1,192	1,867
Gross unrealized holding gains	43	2
Gross unrealized holding losses	1	43
Fair value	1,234	1,826
Available for sale Securities Non Current | Equity Securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Cost	14,866	15,911
Gross unrealized holding gains	7,033	3,200
Gross unrealized holding losses	564	1,387
Fair value	¥ 21,335	¥ 17,724

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Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Segment (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Goodwill [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	¥ 119,021	¥ 125,189
Goodwill acquired during the year	961
Translation adjustments and other	10,861	(6,168)
Balance at end of year	130,843	119,021
Office Business Unit
Goodwill [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	102,060	107,301
Translation adjustments and other	9,288	(5,241)
Balance at end of year	111,348	102,060
Imaging System Business Unit
Goodwill [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	12,088	12,386
Translation adjustments and other	586	(298)
Balance at end of year	12,674	12,088
Industry and Others Business Unit
Goodwill [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	4,873	5,502
Goodwill acquired during the year	961
Translation adjustments and other	987	(629)
Balance at end of year	¥ 6,821	¥ 4,873

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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	¥ 141,729	¥ 204,307
Derivatives	831	4,718
Total assets	165,900	229,303
Liabilities:
Derivatives	25,493	2,610
Total liabilities	25,493	2,610
Corporate Bonds
Assets:
Available-for-sale (current)	30	20
Available-for-sale (noncurrent)	560	558
Government Bonds
Assets:
Available-for-sale (noncurrent)	181	150
Fund Trusts
Assets:
Available-for-sale (noncurrent)	1,234	1,826
Equity Securities
Assets:
Available-for-sale (noncurrent)	21,335	17,724
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets:
Total assets	21,705	18,045
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Corporate Bonds
Assets:
Available-for-sale (current)	30	20
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Government Bonds
Assets:
Available-for-sale (noncurrent)	181	150
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fund Trusts
Assets:
Available-for-sale (noncurrent)	159	151
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Equity Securities
Assets:
Available-for-sale (noncurrent)	21,335	17,724
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	141,729	204,307
Derivatives	831	4,718
Total assets	143,751	210,804
Liabilities:
Derivatives	25,493	2,610
Total liabilities	25,493	2,610
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Corporate Bonds
Assets:
Available-for-sale (noncurrent)	116	104
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fund Trusts
Assets:
Available-for-sale (noncurrent)	1,075	1,675
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets:
Total assets	444	454
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Corporate Bonds
Assets:
Available-for-sale (noncurrent)	¥ 444	¥ 454

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Activity in Allowance for Credit Losses (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	¥ 7,039	¥ 7,983
Charge-offs	(1,304)	(1,937)
Provision	1,922	2,052
Other	(749)	(1,059)
Balance at end of year	¥ 6,908	¥ 7,039

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Future Minimum Lease Payments Required Under Noncancelable Operating Leases

Future minimum lease payments required under noncancelable operating leases that have initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2012 are as follows:

	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	25,101
2014		16,512
2015		11,296
2016		7,529
2017		5,623
Thereafter		9,746
Total future minimum lease payments	¥	75,807

Changes in Accrued Product Warranty Cost

Changes in accrued product warranty cost for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are summarized as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	11,691		¥	13,343
Addition		13,553			14,296
Utilization		(12,503	)		(14,649	)
Other		(578	)		(1,299	)
Balance at end of year	¥	12,163		¥	11,691

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Investments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Investments

2. Investments

The cost, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses and fair value for available-for-sale securities included in short-term investments and investments by major security type at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

	December 31, 2012
	Cost		Gross unrealized holding gains		Gross unrealized holding losses		Fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Current:
Corporate bonds	¥	30	¥	—	¥	—	¥	30
Noncurrent:
Government bonds	¥	181	¥	—	¥	—	¥	181
Corporate bonds		590		—		30		560
Fund trusts		1,192		43		1		1,234
Equity securities		14,866		7,033		564		21,335
	¥	16,829	¥	7,076	¥	595	¥	23,310
	December 31, 2011
	Cost		Gross unrealized holding gains		Gross unrealized holding losses		Fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Current:
Corporate bonds	¥	20	¥	—	¥	—	¥	20
Noncurrent:
Government bonds	¥	172	¥	—	¥	22	¥	150
Corporate bonds		569		73		84		558
Fund trusts		1,867		2		43		1,826
Equity securities		15,911		3,200		1,387		17,724
	¥	18,519	¥	3,275	¥	1,536	¥	20,258

Maturities of available-for-sale debt securities and fund trusts included in short-term investments and investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows at December 31, 2012:

	Cost		Fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Due within one year	¥	30	¥	30
Due after one year through five years		953		990
Due after five years through ten years		1,010		985
	¥	1,993	¥	2,005

Gross realized gains were ¥238 million, ¥204 million and ¥641 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Gross realized losses, including write-downs for impairments that were other-than-temporary, were ¥1,545 million, ¥4,281 million and ¥1,961 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

At December 31, 2012, substantially all of the available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months.

Time deposits with original maturities of more than three months are ¥28,292 million and ¥125,497 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and are included in short-term investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Aggregate cost of non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the cost method totaled ¥14,808 million and ¥14,583 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. These investments were not evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, because (a) Canon did not estimate the fair value of those investments as it was not practicable to estimate the fair value of the investments and (b) Canon did not identify any events or changes in circumstances that might have had significant adverse effects on the fair value of those investments.

Investments in affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method amounted to ¥17,345 million and ¥15,776 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Canon’s share of the net earnings (losses) in affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method, included in other income (deductions), were earnings of ¥610 million, losses of ¥7,368 million and earnings of ¥10,471 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

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Information about Operating Results and Assets for Each Segment (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Net sales:
External customers	¥ 3,479,788	¥ 3,557,433	¥ 3,706,901
Total	3,479,788	3,557,433	3,706,901
Operating cost and expenses	3,155,932	3,179,362	3,319,349
Operating profit (loss)	323,856	378,071	387,552
Total assets	3,955,503	3,930,727	3,983,820
Depreciation and amortization	258,133	261,343	276,193
Capital expenditures	306,661	262,481	193,547
Office Business Unit
Net sales:
External customers	1,751,960	1,912,112	1,978,945
Intersegment	5,615	5,831	8,324
Total	1,757,575	1,917,943	1,987,269
Operating cost and expenses	1,553,997	1,658,678	1,693,947
Operating profit (loss)	203,578	259,265	293,322
Total assets	828,222	821,782	855,893
Depreciation and amortization	77,660	93,196	103,548
Capital expenditures	58,402	53,888	53,115
Imaging System Business Unit
Net sales:
External customers	1,404,394	1,311,023	1,389,622
Intersegment	1,577	1,021	1,705
Total	1,405,971	1,312,044	1,391,327
Operating cost and expenses	1,195,653	1,100,750	1,153,262
Operating profit (loss)	210,318	211,294	238,065
Total assets	614,328	452,809	414,022
Depreciation and amortization	53,664	45,609	41,665
Capital expenditures	58,142	48,192	36,266
Industry and Others Business Unit
Net sales:
External customers	323,434	334,298	338,334
Intersegment	84,406	86,565	94,624
Total	407,840	420,863	432,958
Operating cost and expenses	401,930	396,563	442,789
Operating profit (loss)	5,910	24,300	(9,831)
Total assets	337,899	362,638	307,029
Depreciation and amortization	34,264	29,685	37,387
Capital expenditures	44,086	37,648	27,105
Corporate and eliminations
Net sales:
Intersegment	(91,598)	(93,417)	(104,653)
Total	(91,598)	(93,417)	(104,653)
Operating cost and expenses	4,352	23,371	29,351
Operating profit (loss)	(95,950)	(116,788)	(134,004)
Total assets	2,175,054	2,293,498	2,406,876
Depreciation and amortization	92,545	92,853	93,593
Capital expenditures	¥ 146,031	¥ 122,753	¥ 77,061

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Future Minimum Lease Payments to be Received Under Financing Leases and Non-cancelable Operating Leases (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Financing leases
2013	¥ 89,794
2014	63,348
2015	38,983
2016	19,221
2017	19,472
Thereafter	403
Total minimum lease payments receivable	231,221	204,326
Operating leases
2013	7,073
2014	4,359
2015	3,038
2016	2,195
2017	1,671
Thereafter	4,084
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Receivable, Total	¥ 22,420

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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Balance at beginning of year	¥	(378,863	)	¥	(325,612	)	¥	(202,628	)
Adjustments for the year		131,129			(53,251	)		(122,984	)
Balance at end of year		(247,734	)		(378,863	)		(325,612	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Balance at beginning of year		1,003			3,020			3,285
Adjustments for the year		3,143			(2,017	)		(265	)
Balance at end of year		4,146			1,003			3,020
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Balance at beginning of year		455			917			71
Adjustments for the year		(4,917	)		(462	)		846
Balance at end of year		(4,462	)		455			917
Pension liability adjustments:
Balance at beginning of year		(104,368	)		(68,784	)		(61,546	)
Adjustments for the year		(14,831	)		(35,584	)		(7,238	)
Balance at end of year		(119,199	)		(104,368	)		(68,784	)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Balance at beginning of year		(481,773	)		(390,459	)		(260,818	)
Adjustments for the year		114,524			(91,314	)		(129,641	)
Balance at end of year	¥	(367,249	)	¥	(481,773	)	¥	(390,459	)

Tax Effects Allocated to Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Reclassification Adjustments, Including Amounts Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassification adjustments, including amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, are as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	Before-tax amount			Tax (expense) or benefit			Net-of-tax amount
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	¥	134,930		¥	(1,195	)	¥	133,735
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Amount arising during the year		3,418			(1,004	)		2,414
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		1,307			(456	)		851
Net change during the year		4,725			(1,460	)		3,265
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Amount arising during the year		(10,647	)		4,041			(6,606	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		2,440			(714	)		1,726
Net change during the year		(8,207	)		3,327			(4,880	)
Pension liability adjustments:
Amount arising during the year		(13,888	)		(1,738	)		(15,626	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		4,433			(1,594	)		2,839
Net change during the year		(9,455	)		(3,332	)		(12,787	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	¥	121,993		¥	(2,660	)	¥	119,333
2011:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	¥	(53,839	)	¥	(247	)	¥	(54,086	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Amount arising during the year		(7,571	)		3,010			(4,561	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		4,077			(1,632	)		2,445
Net change during the year		(3,494	)		1,378			(2,116	)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Amount arising during the year		4,221			(1,708	)		2,513
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		(5,006	)		2,044			(2,962	)
Net change during the year		(785	)		336			(449	)
Pension liability adjustments:
Amount arising during the year		(59,928	)		20,252			(39,676	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		2,038			(739	)		1,299
Net change during the year		(57,890	)		19,513			(38,377	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	¥	(116,008	)	¥	20,980		¥	(95,028	)
2010:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	¥	(128,271	)	¥	1,353		¥	(126,918	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Amount arising during the year		(2,179	)		671			(1,508	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		1,320			42			1,362
Net change during the year		(859	)		713			(146	)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Amount arising during the year		8,409			(3,573	)		4,836
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		(6,990	)		2,921			(4,069	)
Net change during the year		1,419			(652	)		767
Pension liability adjustments:
Amount arising during the year		(19,170	)		8,314			(10,856	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		2,323			(794	)		1,529
Net change during the year		(16,847	)		7,520			(9,327	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	¥	(144,558	)	¥	8,934		¥	(135,624	)

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Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Segment Information

22. Segment Information

Canon operates its business in three segments: the Office Business Unit, the Imaging System Business Unit, and the Industry and Others Business Unit, which are based on the organizational structure and information reviewed by Canon’s management to evaluate results and allocate resources.

The primary products included in each segment are as follows:

Office Business Unit: Office MFDs / Office copying machines / Personal-use copying machines / Laser MFDs / Laser printers / Digital production printing systems / High speed continuous feed printers / Wide-format printers / Document solution

Imaging System Business Unit*: Interchangeable-lens digital cameras / Compact digital cameras / Digital camcorders / Digital cinema cameras / Interchangeable lenses / Inkjet printers / Large-format inkjet printers / Commercial photo printers / Image scanners / Broadcast equipment / Calculators

Industry and Others Business Unit: Semiconductor lithography equipment / FPD lithography equipment / Digital radiography systems / Ophthalmic equipment / Vacuum thin-film deposition equipment / Organic LED panel manufacturing equipment / Micromotors / Computers / Handy terminals / Document scanners

* The “Consumer Business Unit” has been renamed the “Imaging System Business Unit” to be more consistent with its strategy to expand the business. This change in segment description has no impact on any financial information of this segment.

The accounting policies of the segments are substantially the same as those described in the significant accounting policies in Note 1. Canon evaluates performance of, and allocates resources to, each segment based on operating profit.

Information about operating results and assets for each segment as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:

	Office		Imaging System		Industry and Others			Corporate and eliminations			Consolidated
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	1,751,960	¥	1,404,394	¥	323,434		¥	—		¥	3,479,788
Intersegment		5,615		1,577		84,406			(91,598	)		—
Total		1,757,575		1,405,971		407,840			(91,598	)		3,479,788
Operating cost and expenses		1,553,997		1,195,653		401,930			4,352			3,155,932
Operating profit	¥	203,578	¥	210,318	¥	5,910		¥	(95,950	)	¥	323,856
Total assets	¥	828,222	¥	614,328	¥	337,899		¥	2,175,054		¥	3,955,503
Depreciation and amortization		77,660		53,664		34,264			92,545			258,133
Capital expenditures		58,402		58,142		44,086			146,031			306,661
2011:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	1,912,112	¥	1,311,023	¥	334,298		¥	—		¥	3,557,433
Intersegment		5,831		1,021		86,565			(93,417	)		—
Total		1,917,943		1,312,044		420,863			(93,417	)		3,557,433
Operating cost and expenses		1,658,678		1,100,750		396,563			23,371			3,179,362
Operating profit (loss)	¥	259,265	¥	211,294	¥	24,300		¥	(116,788	)	¥	378,071
Total assets	¥	821,782	¥	452,809	¥	362,638		¥	2,293,498		¥	3,930,727
Depreciation and amortization		93,196		45,609		29,685			92,853			261,343
Capital expenditures		53,888		48,192		37,648			122,753			262,481
2010:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	1,978,945	¥	1,389,622	¥	338,334		¥	—		¥	3,706,901
Intersegment		8,324		1,705		94,624			(104,653	)		—
Total		1,987,269		1,391,327		432,958			(104,653	)		3,706,901
Operating cost and expenses		1,693,947		1,153,262		442,789			29,351			3,319,349
Operating profit (loss)	¥	293,322	¥	238,065	¥	(9,831	)	¥	(134,004	)	¥	387,552
Total assets	¥	855,893	¥	414,022	¥	307,029		¥	2,406,876		¥	3,983,820
Depreciation and amortization		103,548		41,665		37,387			93,593			276,193
Capital expenditures		53,115		36,266		27,105			77,061			193,547

Intersegment sales are recorded at the same prices used in transactions with third parties. Expenses not directly associated with specific segments are allocated based on the most reasonable measures applicable. Corporate expenses include certain corporate research and development expenses. Segment assets are based on those directly associated with each segment. Corporate assets primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, finance receivables, investments, deferred tax assets, goodwill and corporate properties. Capital expenditures represent the additions to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets measured on an accrual basis.

Information by major geographic area as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:

	2012		2011		2010
	(Millions of yen)
Net sales:
Japan	¥	720,286	¥	694,450	¥	695,749
Americas		939,873		961,955		1,023,299
Europe		1,014,038		1,113,065		1,172,474
Asia and Oceania		805,591		787,963		815,379
Total	¥	3,479,788	¥	3,557,433	¥	3,706,901
Long-lived assets:
Japan	¥	1,032,598	¥	1,070,412	¥	1,104,949
Americas		112,163		85,824		69,034
Europe		91,904		83,296		108,160
Asia and Oceania		159,435		89,334		72,846
Total	¥	1,396,100	¥	1,328,866	¥	1,354,989

Net sales are attributed to areas based on the location where the product is shipped to the customers. Other than in Japan and the United States, Canon does not conduct business in any individual country in which its sales in that country exceed 10% of consolidated net sales. Net sales in the United States are ¥763,870 million, ¥779,652 million and ¥836,645 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Long-lived assets represent property, plant and equipment and intangible assets for each geographic area.

The following information is based on the location of the Company and its subsidiaries as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. In addition to the disclosure requirements under U.S. GAAP, Canon discloses this information in order to provide financial statements users with useful information.

	Japan		Americas		Europe		Asia and Oceania		Corporate and eliminations			Consolidated
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	834,406	¥	932,987	¥	1,010,922	¥	701,473	¥	—		¥	3,479,788
Intersegment		1,829,834		23,767		5,650		781,836		(2,641,087	)		—
Total		2,664,240		956,754		1,016,572		1,483,309		(2,641,087	)		3,479,788
Operating cost and expenses		2,336,536		937,111		972,585		1,437,527		(2,527,827	)		3,155,932
Operating profit	¥	327,704	¥	19,643	¥	43,987	¥	45,782	¥	(113,260	)	¥	323,856
Total assets	¥	1,206,702	¥	339,918	¥	457,592	¥	548,583	¥	1,402,708		¥	3,955,503
2011:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	807,883	¥	952,833	¥	1,109,256	¥	687,461	¥	—		¥	3,557,433
Intersegment		1,873,157		16,217		4,681		744,179		(2,638,234	)		—
Total		2,681,040		969,050		1,113,937		1,431,640		(2,638,234	)		3,557,433
Operating cost and expenses		2,273,336		948,593		1,069,489		1,388,580		(2,500,636	)		3,179,362
Operating profit	¥	407,704	¥	20,457	¥	44,448	¥	43,060	¥	(137,598	)	¥	378,071
Total assets	¥	1,236,468	¥	250,131	¥	427,030	¥	442,263	¥	1,574,835		¥	3,930,727
2010:
Net sales:
External customers	¥	854,208	¥	1,008,200	¥	1,163,452	¥	681,041	¥	—		¥	3,706,901
Intersegment		1,974,591		7,975		3,489		723,423		(2,709,478	)		—
Total		2,828,799		1,016,175		1,166,941		1,404,464		(2,709,478	)		3,706,901
Operating cost and expenses		2,398,439		993,310		1,126,521		1,357,663		(2,556,584	)		3,319,349
Operating profit	¥	430,360	¥	22,865	¥	40,420	¥	46,801	¥	(152,894	)	¥	387,552
Total assets	¥	1,321,572	¥	251,587	¥	472,785	¥	421,250	¥	1,516,626		¥	3,983,820

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

21. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company executed three separate share exchanges under which the Company made its three listed subsidiaries, Canon Finetech Inc., Canon Machinery Inc. and Tokki Corporation, its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company issued no new shares, as it issued 10,000,853 shares of treasury stock for these transactions in total.

As a result of the share exchanges, the carrying amount of the Company’s noncontrolling interest in Canon Finetech Inc., Canon Machinery Inc. and Tokki Corporation was decreased from ¥38,644 million to zero.

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Summary of Non Vested Shares (Detail) (JPY ¥)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012
Shares
Nonvested at beginning of year	1,768,000
Vested	(848,000)
Forfeited	(182,000)
Nonvested at end of year	738,000
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at beginning of year	¥ 878
Vested	¥ 988
Forfeited	¥ 796
Nonvested at end of year	¥ 772

XML

Inventories (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Inventory Disclosure [Line Items]
Finished goods	¥ 391,194	¥ 291,023
Work in process	139,923	166,076
Raw materials	20,506	19,605
Inventories (Note 4)	¥ 551,623	¥ 476,704

XML

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Fair Value of Option Award Estimated on Date of Grant Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model

The fair value of each option award was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that incorporates the assumptions presented below:

	Years ended December 31
	2011			2010
Expected term of option (in years)		4.0			4.0
Expected volatility		36.44	%		38.00	%
Dividend yield		3.16	%		2.53	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.44	%		0.45	%

Summary of Option Activity Under Stock Option Plans

A summary of option activity under the stock option plans as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is presented below:

	Shares			Weighted–average exercise price		Weighted–average remaining contractual term		Aggregate intrinsic value
				(Yen)		(Year)		(Millions of yen)
Outstanding at January 1, 2010		1,512,000		¥	4,119		3.0	¥	588
Granted		890,000			4,573
Forfeited		(182,000	)		3,479
Outstanding at December 31, 2010		2,220,000			4,354		2.5		722
Granted		912,000			3,990
Exercised		(65,800	)		3,287
Forfeited		(24,000	)		4,282
Outstanding at December 31, 2011		3,042,200			4,268		2.0		88
Exercised		(10,800	)		3,287
Forfeited		(305,000	)		4,493
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		2,726,400		¥	4,247		1.6	¥	37
Exercisable at December 31, 2012		1,988,400		¥	4,342		1.1	¥	37

Summary of Nonvested Shares

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested shares at December 31, 2012, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2012, is presented below:

	Year ended December 31, 2012
	Shares			Weighted–average grant-date fair value
				(Yen)
Nonvested at January 1, 2012		1,768,000		¥	878
Vested		(848,000	)		988
Forfeited		(182,000	)		796
Nonvested at December 31, 2012		738,000			772

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Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Canon Inc. and Subsidiaries

Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

	Balance at beginning of period		Addition- charged to income		Deduction bad debts written off			Translation adjustments and other			Balance at end of period
	(Millions of yen)
Year ended December 31, 2012:
Allowance for doubtful receivables
Trade receivables	¥	11,563	¥	2,149	¥	(2,382	)	¥	1,640		¥	12,970
Finance receivables		7,039		1,922		(1,304	)		(749	)		6,908
Year ended December 31, 2011:
Allowance for doubtful receivables
Trade receivables	¥	14,920	¥	492	¥	(3,995	)	¥	146		¥	11,563
Finance receivables		7,983		2,052		(1,937	)		(1,059	)		7,039
Year ended December 31, 2010:
Allowance for doubtful receivables
Trade receivables	¥	11,343	¥	787	¥	(2,038	)	¥	4,828		¥	14,920
Finance receivables		9,023		1,995		(3,103	)		68			7,983

XML

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Description of Business

(a) Description of Business

Canon Inc. (the “Company”) and subsidiaries (collectively “Canon”) is one of the world’s leading manufacturers in such fields as office products, imaging system products and industry and other products. Office products consist mainly of office multifunction devices (“MFDs”), office copying machines, laser printers and digital production printing systems. Imaging system products consist mainly of interchangeable-lens digital cameras, compact digital cameras, interchangeable lenses, digital camcorders, digital cinema cameras, inkjet printers, large-format inkjet printers, commercial photo printers, image scanners and broadcast equipment. Industry and other products consist mainly of semiconductor lithography equipment, flat-panel-display (“FPD”) lithography equipment, digital radiography systems, vacuum thin-film deposition equipment and organic LED panel manufacturing equipment. Canon’s consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were distributed as follows: the Office Business Unit 50.5%, 53.9% and 53.6%, the Imaging System Business Unit 40.4%, 36.9% and 37.5%, the Industry and Others Business Unit 11.7%, 11.8% and 11.7%, and elimination between segments 2.6%, 2.6% and 2.8%, respectively. These percentages were computed by dividing segment net sales, including intersegment sales, by consolidated net sales, based on the segment operating results described in Note 22.

Sales are made principally under the Canon brand name, almost entirely through sales subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are responsible for marketing and distribution, and primarily sell to retail dealers in their geographic area. 79.3%, 80.5% and 81.2% of consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were generated outside Japan, with 27.0%, 27.0% and 27.6% in the Americas, 29.1%, 31.3% and 31.6% in Europe, and 23.2%, 22.2% and 22.0% in Asia and Oceania, respectively.

Canon sells laser printers on an OEM basis to Hewlett-Packard Company; such sales constituted 17.0%, 19.3% and 20.1% of consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and are included in the Office Business Unit.

Canon’s manufacturing operations are conducted primarily at 28 plants in Japan and 17 overseas plants which are located in countries or regions such as the United States, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.

Basis of Presentation

(b) Basis of Presentation

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries maintain their books of account in conformity with financial accounting standards of Japan. Foreign subsidiaries maintain their books of account in conformity with financial accounting standards of the countries of their domicile.

Certain adjustments and reclassifications have been incorporated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements to conform with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). These adjustments were not recorded in the statutory books of account.

Principles of Consolidation

(c) Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its majority owned subsidiaries and those variable interest entities where the Company or its consolidated subsidiaries are the primary beneficiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

(d) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant estimates and assumptions are reflected in valuation and disclosure of revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful receivables, valuation of inventories, impairment of long-lived assets, environmental liabilities, valuation of deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions and employee retirement and severance benefit obligations. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Translation of Foreign Currencies

(e) Translation of Foreign Currencies

Assets and liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries located outside Japan with functional currencies other than Japanese yen are translated into Japanese yen at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements are excluded from earnings and are reported in other comprehensive income (loss).

Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions, including foreign exchange contracts, and translation of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are included in other income (deductions) in the consolidated statements of income. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses was a net gain of ¥9,130 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a net loss of ¥3,287 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 and a net gain of ¥3,089 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, respectively.

Cash Equivalents

(f) Cash Equivalents

All highly liquid investments acquired with original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Certain debt securities with original maturities of less than three months, classified as available-for-sale securities of ¥141,729 million and ¥204,307 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, are included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

Investments

(g) Investments

Investments consist primarily of time deposits with original maturities of more than three months, debt and marketable equity securities, investments in affiliated companies and non-marketable equity securities. Canon reports investments with maturities of less than one year as short-term investments.

Canon classifies investments in debt and marketable equity securities as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity securities. Canon does not hold any trading securities, which are bought and held primarily for the purpose of sale in the near term.

Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Fair value is determined based on quoted market prices, projected discounted cash flows or other valuation techniques as appropriate. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.

Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities are regularly reviewed for other-than-temporary declines in the carrying amount based on criteria that include the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and Canon’s intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. For debt securities for which the declines are deemed to be other-than-temporary and there is no intent to sell, impairments are separated into the amount related to credit loss, which is recognized in earnings, and the amount related to all other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). For debt securities for which the declines are deemed to be other-than-temporary and there is an intent to sell, impairments in their entirety are recognized in earnings. For equity securities for which the declines are deemed to be other-than-temporary, impairments in their entirety are recognized in earnings. Canon recognizes an impairment loss to the extent by which the cost basis of the investment exceeds the fair value of the investment.

Realized gains and losses are determined by the average cost method and reflected in earnings.

Investments in affiliated companies over which Canon has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not hold a controlling financial interest, are accounted for by the equity method.

Non-marketable equity securities in companies over which Canon does not have the ability to exercise significant influence are stated at cost and reviewed periodically for impairment.

Allowance for Doubtful Receivables

(h) Allowance for Doubtful Receivables

Allowance for doubtful trade and finance receivables is maintained for all customers based on a combination of factors, including aging analysis, macroeconomic conditions and historical experience. An additional reserve for individual accounts is recorded when Canon becomes aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings. If circumstances related to customers change, estimates of the recoverability of receivables would be further adjusted. When all collection options are exhausted including legal recourse, the accounts or portions thereof are deemed to be uncollectable and charged against the allowance.

Inventories

(i) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined by the average method for domestic inventories and principally by the first-in, first-out method for overseas inventories.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

(j) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, and acquired intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset and the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated.

Property, Plant and Equipment

(k) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated principally by the declining-balance method, except for certain assets which are depreciated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

The depreciation period ranges from 3 years to 60 years for buildings and 1 year to 20 years for machinery and equipment.

Assets leased to others under operating leases are stated at cost and depreciated to the estimated residual value of the assets by the straight-line method over the lease term, generally from 2 years to 5 years.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

(l) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are instead tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. Canon performs its impairment test of goodwill using the two-step approach at the reporting unit level, which is one level below the operating segment level. All goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit or units that benefit from the synergies arising from each business combination. If the carrying amount assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, Canon performs the second step to measure an impairment charge in the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Intangible assets with finite useful lives consist primarily of software, license fees, patented technologies and customer relationships. Software and license fees are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, which range from 3 years to 5 years for software and 5 years to 10 years for license fees. Patented technologies are amortized using the straight-line method principally over the estimated useful life of 3 years. Customer relationships are amortized principally using the declining-balance method over the estimated useful life of 5 years. Certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining internal-use software are capitalized. These costs consist primarily of payments made to third parties and the salaries of employees working on such software development. Costs incurred in connection with developing internal-use software are capitalized at the application development stage. In addition, Canon develops or obtains certain software to be sold where related costs are capitalized after establishment of technological feasibility.

Environmental Liabilities

(m) Environmental Liabilities

Liabilities for environmental remediation and other environmental costs are accrued when environmental assessments or remedial efforts are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. Such liabilities are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change. Costs of future obligations are not discounted to their present values.

Income Taxes

(n) Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Canon records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not realizable.

Canon recognizes the financial statement effects of tax positions when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax positions will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Benefits from tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits are included in income taxes in the consolidated statements of income.

Stock-Based Compensation

(o) Stock-Based Compensation

Canon measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and recognizes the cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.

Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders per Share

(p) Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders per Share

Basic net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Canon Inc. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share includes the effect from potential issuances of common stock based on the assumptions that all stock options were exercised.

Revenue Recognition

(q) Revenue Recognition

Canon generates revenue principally through the sale of office and imaging system products, equipment, supplies, and related services under separate contractual arrangements. Canon recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer or services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable.

Revenue from sales of office products, such as office MFDs and laser printers, and imaging system products, such as digital cameras and inkjet printers, is recognized upon shipment or delivery, depending upon when title and risk of loss transfer to the customer.

Revenue from sales of optical equipment, such as semiconductor lithography equipment and FPD lithography equipment that are sold with customer acceptance provisions related to their functionality, is recognized when the equipment is installed at the customer site and the specific criteria of the equipment functionality are successfully tested and demonstrated by Canon. Service revenue is derived primarily from separately priced product maintenance contracts on equipment sold to customers and is measured at the stated amount of the contract and recognized as services are provided.

Canon also offers separately priced product maintenance contracts for most office products, for which the customer typically pays a stated base service fee plus a variable amount based on usage. Revenue from these service maintenance contracts is measured at the stated amount of the contract and recognized as services are provided and variable amounts are earned.

Revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases is recognized at the inception of the lease. Income on sales-type leases and direct-financing leases is recognized over the life of each respective lease using the interest method. Leases not qualifying as sales-type leases or direct-financing leases are accounted for as operating leases and related revenue is recognized ratably over the lease term. When equipment leases are bundled with product maintenance contracts, revenue is first allocated considering the relative fair value of the lease and non-lease deliverables based upon the estimated relative fair values of each element. Lease deliverables generally include equipment, financing and executory costs, while non-lease deliverables generally consist of product maintenance contracts and supplies.

For all other arrangements with multiple elements, Canon allocates revenue to each element based on its relative selling price if such element meets the criteria for treatment as a separate unit of accounting. Otherwise, revenue is deferred until the undelivered elements are fulfilled and accounted for as a single unit of accounting.

Canon records estimated reductions to sales at the time of sale for sales incentive programs including product discounts, customer promotions and volume-based rebates. Estimated reductions to sales are based upon historical trends and other known factors at the time of sale. During the year ended December 31, 2012, Canon revised its estimates for sales incentive programs accrual. This change in estimate caused an increase in net income attributable to Canon Inc. by ¥10,785 million, and an increase in basic and diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share by ¥9.19 each. In addition, Canon provides price protection to certain resellers of its products, and records reductions to sales for the estimated impact of price protection obligations when announced.

Estimated product warranty costs are recorded at the time revenue is recognized and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. Estimates for accrued product warranty costs are based on historical experience, and are affected by ongoing product failure rates, specific product class failures outside of the baseline experience, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure.

Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues in the consolidated statements of income.

Research and Development Costs

(r) Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Advertising Costs

(s) Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were ¥83,134 million, ¥81,232 million and ¥94,794 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Shipping and Handling Costs

(t) Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs totaled ¥38,499 million, ¥43,308 million and ¥56,306 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

Derivative Financial Instruments

(u) Derivative Financial Instruments

All derivatives are recognized at fair value and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, or other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Canon uses and designates certain derivatives as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow” hedge). Canon formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Canon also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, Canon discontinues hedge accounting prospectively. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the hedged item. Gains and losses from hedging ineffectiveness are included in other income (deductions). Gains and losses related to the components of hedging instruments excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness are included in other income (deductions).

Canon also uses certain derivative financial instruments which are not designated as hedges. The changes in fair values of these derivative financial instruments are immediately recorded in earnings.

Canon classifies cash flows from derivatives as cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Guarantees

(v) Guarantees

Canon recognizes, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation it has undertaken in issuing guarantees.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

(w) Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an amendment which requires presentation of net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement or in two separate but consecutive statements, which is applied retrospectively for all periods presented. Canon adopted this amended guidance from the quarter beginning January 1, 2012. This adoption did not have a material impact on Canon’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

In February 2013, the FASB issued an amendment which requires entities to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component, and to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income. Canon will adopt this amended guidance from the quarter beginning January 1, 2013, and does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on Canon’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Description of Business

Canon Inc. (the “Company”) and subsidiaries (collectively “Canon”) is one of the world’s leading manufacturers in such fields as office products, imaging system products and industry and other products. Office products consist mainly of office multifunction devices (“MFDs”), office copying machines, laser printers and digital production printing systems. Imaging system products consist mainly of interchangeable-lens digital cameras, compact digital cameras, interchangeable lenses, digital camcorders, digital cinema cameras, inkjet printers, large-format inkjet printers, commercial photo printers, image scanners and broadcast equipment. Industry and other products consist mainly of semiconductor lithography equipment, flat-panel-display (“FPD”) lithography equipment, digital radiography systems, vacuum thin-film deposition equipment and organic LED panel manufacturing equipment. Canon’s consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were distributed as follows: the Office Business Unit 50.5%, 53.9% and 53.6%, the Imaging System Business Unit 40.4%, 36.9% and 37.5%, the Industry and Others Business Unit 11.7%, 11.8% and 11.7%, and elimination between segments 2.6%, 2.6% and 2.8%, respectively. These percentages were computed by dividing segment net sales, including intersegment sales, by consolidated net sales, based on the segment operating results described in Note 22.

Sales are made principally under the Canon brand name, almost entirely through sales subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are responsible for marketing and distribution, and primarily sell to retail dealers in their geographic area. 79.3%, 80.5% and 81.2% of consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were generated outside Japan, with 27.0%, 27.0% and 27.6% in the Americas, 29.1%, 31.3% and 31.6% in Europe, and 23.2%, 22.2% and 22.0% in Asia and Oceania, respectively.

Canon sells laser printers on an OEM basis to Hewlett-Packard Company; such sales constituted 17.0%, 19.3% and 20.1% of consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and are included in the Office Business Unit.

Canon’s manufacturing operations are conducted primarily at 28 plants in Japan and 17 overseas plants which are located in countries or regions such as the United States, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.

(b) Basis of Presentation

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries maintain their books of account in conformity with financial accounting standards of Japan. Foreign subsidiaries maintain their books of account in conformity with financial accounting standards of the countries of their domicile.

Certain adjustments and reclassifications have been incorporated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements to conform with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). These adjustments were not recorded in the statutory books of account.

(c) Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its majority owned subsidiaries and those variable interest entities where the Company or its consolidated subsidiaries are the primary beneficiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

(d) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant estimates and assumptions are reflected in valuation and disclosure of revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful receivables, valuation of inventories, impairment of long-lived assets, environmental liabilities, valuation of deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions and employee retirement and severance benefit obligations. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

(e) Translation of Foreign Currencies

Assets and liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries located outside Japan with functional currencies other than Japanese yen are translated into Japanese yen at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements are excluded from earnings and are reported in other comprehensive income (loss).

Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions, including foreign exchange contracts, and translation of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are included in other income (deductions) in the consolidated statements of income. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses was a net gain of ¥9,130 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a net loss of ¥3,287 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 and a net gain of ¥3,089 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, respectively.

(f) Cash Equivalents

All highly liquid investments acquired with original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Certain debt securities with original maturities of less than three months, classified as available-for-sale securities of ¥141,729 million and ¥204,307 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, are included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

(g) Investments

Investments consist primarily of time deposits with original maturities of more than three months, debt and marketable equity securities, investments in affiliated companies and non-marketable equity securities. Canon reports investments with maturities of less than one year as short-term investments.

Canon classifies investments in debt and marketable equity securities as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity securities. Canon does not hold any trading securities, which are bought and held primarily for the purpose of sale in the near term.

Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Fair value is determined based on quoted market prices, projected discounted cash flows or other valuation techniques as appropriate. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.

Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities are regularly reviewed for other-than-temporary declines in the carrying amount based on criteria that include the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and Canon’s intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. For debt securities for which the declines are deemed to be other-than-temporary and there is no intent to sell, impairments are separated into the amount related to credit loss, which is recognized in earnings, and the amount related to all other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). For debt securities for which the declines are deemed to be other-than-temporary and there is an intent to sell, impairments in their entirety are recognized in earnings. For equity securities for which the declines are deemed to be other-than-temporary, impairments in their entirety are recognized in earnings. Canon recognizes an impairment loss to the extent by which the cost basis of the investment exceeds the fair value of the investment.

Realized gains and losses are determined by the average cost method and reflected in earnings.

Investments in affiliated companies over which Canon has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not hold a controlling financial interest, are accounted for by the equity method.

Non-marketable equity securities in companies over which Canon does not have the ability to exercise significant influence are stated at cost and reviewed periodically for impairment.

(h) Allowance for Doubtful Receivables

Allowance for doubtful trade and finance receivables is maintained for all customers based on a combination of factors, including aging analysis, macroeconomic conditions and historical experience. An additional reserve for individual accounts is recorded when Canon becomes aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings. If circumstances related to customers change, estimates of the recoverability of receivables would be further adjusted. When all collection options are exhausted including legal recourse, the accounts or portions thereof are deemed to be uncollectable and charged against the allowance.

(i) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined by the average method for domestic inventories and principally by the first-in, first-out method for overseas inventories.

(j) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, and acquired intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset and the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated.

(k) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated principally by the declining-balance method, except for certain assets which are depreciated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

The depreciation period ranges from 3 years to 60 years for buildings and 1 year to 20 years for machinery and equipment.

Assets leased to others under operating leases are stated at cost and depreciated to the estimated residual value of the assets by the straight-line method over the lease term, generally from 2 years to 5 years.

(l) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are instead tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. Canon performs its impairment test of goodwill using the two-step approach at the reporting unit level, which is one level below the operating segment level. All goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit or units that benefit from the synergies arising from each business combination. If the carrying amount assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, Canon performs the second step to measure an impairment charge in the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Intangible assets with finite useful lives consist primarily of software, license fees, patented technologies and customer relationships. Software and license fees are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, which range from 3 years to 5 years for software and 5 years to 10 years for license fees. Patented technologies are amortized using the straight-line method principally over the estimated useful life of 3 years. Customer relationships are amortized principally using the declining-balance method over the estimated useful life of 5 years. Certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining internal-use software are capitalized. These costs consist primarily of payments made to third parties and the salaries of employees working on such software development. Costs incurred in connection with developing internal-use software are capitalized at the application development stage. In addition, Canon develops or obtains certain software to be sold where related costs are capitalized after establishment of technological feasibility.

(m) Environmental Liabilities

Liabilities for environmental remediation and other environmental costs are accrued when environmental assessments or remedial efforts are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. Such liabilities are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change. Costs of future obligations are not discounted to their present values.

(n) Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Canon records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not realizable.

Canon recognizes the financial statement effects of tax positions when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax positions will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Benefits from tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits are included in income taxes in the consolidated statements of income.

(o) Stock-Based Compensation

Canon measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and recognizes the cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.

(p) Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders per Share

Basic net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Canon Inc. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share includes the effect from potential issuances of common stock based on the assumptions that all stock options were exercised.

(q) Revenue Recognition

Canon generates revenue principally through the sale of office and imaging system products, equipment, supplies, and related services under separate contractual arrangements. Canon recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer or services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable.

Revenue from sales of office products, such as office MFDs and laser printers, and imaging system products, such as digital cameras and inkjet printers, is recognized upon shipment or delivery, depending upon when title and risk of loss transfer to the customer.

Revenue from sales of optical equipment, such as semiconductor lithography equipment and FPD lithography equipment that are sold with customer acceptance provisions related to their functionality, is recognized when the equipment is installed at the customer site and the specific criteria of the equipment functionality are successfully tested and demonstrated by Canon. Service revenue is derived primarily from separately priced product maintenance contracts on equipment sold to customers and is measured at the stated amount of the contract and recognized as services are provided.

Canon also offers separately priced product maintenance contracts for most office products, for which the customer typically pays a stated base service fee plus a variable amount based on usage. Revenue from these service maintenance contracts is measured at the stated amount of the contract and recognized as services are provided and variable amounts are earned.

Revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases is recognized at the inception of the lease. Income on sales-type leases and direct-financing leases is recognized over the life of each respective lease using the interest method. Leases not qualifying as sales-type leases or direct-financing leases are accounted for as operating leases and related revenue is recognized ratably over the lease term. When equipment leases are bundled with product maintenance contracts, revenue is first allocated considering the relative fair value of the lease and non-lease deliverables based upon the estimated relative fair values of each element. Lease deliverables generally include equipment, financing and executory costs, while non-lease deliverables generally consist of product maintenance contracts and supplies.

For all other arrangements with multiple elements, Canon allocates revenue to each element based on its relative selling price if such element meets the criteria for treatment as a separate unit of accounting. Otherwise, revenue is deferred until the undelivered elements are fulfilled and accounted for as a single unit of accounting.

Canon records estimated reductions to sales at the time of sale for sales incentive programs including product discounts, customer promotions and volume-based rebates. Estimated reductions to sales are based upon historical trends and other known factors at the time of sale. During the year ended December 31, 2012, Canon revised its estimates for sales incentive programs accrual. This change in estimate caused an increase in net income attributable to Canon Inc. by ¥10,785 million, and an increase in basic and diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share by ¥9.19 each. In addition, Canon provides price protection to certain resellers of its products, and records reductions to sales for the estimated impact of price protection obligations when announced.

Estimated product warranty costs are recorded at the time revenue is recognized and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. Estimates for accrued product warranty costs are based on historical experience, and are affected by ongoing product failure rates, specific product class failures outside of the baseline experience, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure.

Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues in the consolidated statements of income.

(r) Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

(s) Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were ¥83,134 million, ¥81,232 million and ¥94,794 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

(t) Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs totaled ¥38,499 million, ¥43,308 million and ¥56,306 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

(u) Derivative Financial Instruments

All derivatives are recognized at fair value and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, or other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Canon uses and designates certain derivatives as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow” hedge). Canon formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Canon also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, Canon discontinues hedge accounting prospectively. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the hedged item. Gains and losses from hedging ineffectiveness are included in other income (deductions). Gains and losses related to the components of hedging instruments excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness are included in other income (deductions).

Canon also uses certain derivative financial instruments which are not designated as hedges. The changes in fair values of these derivative financial instruments are immediately recorded in earnings.

Canon classifies cash flows from derivatives as cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

(v) Guarantees

Canon recognizes, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation it has undertaken in issuing guarantees.

(w) Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an amendment which requires presentation of net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement or in two separate but consecutive statements, which is applied retrospectively for all periods presented. Canon adopted this amended guidance from the quarter beginning January 1, 2012. This adoption did not have a material impact on Canon’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

In February 2013, the FASB issued an amendment which requires entities to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component, and to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income. Canon will adopt this amended guidance from the quarter beginning January 1, 2013, and does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on Canon’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

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Investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Available-for-Sale Securities

The cost, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses and fair value for available-for-sale securities included in short-term investments and investments by major security type at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

	December 31, 2012
	Cost		Gross unrealized holding gains		Gross unrealized holding losses		Fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Current:
Corporate bonds	¥	30	¥	—	¥	—	¥	30
Noncurrent:
Government bonds	¥	181	¥	—	¥	—	¥	181
Corporate bonds		590		—		30		560
Fund trusts		1,192		43		1		1,234
Equity securities		14,866		7,033		564		21,335
	¥	16,829	¥	7,076	¥	595	¥	23,310
	December 31, 2011
	Cost		Gross unrealized holding gains		Gross unrealized holding losses		Fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Current:
Corporate bonds	¥	20	¥	—	¥	—	¥	20
Noncurrent:
Government bonds	¥	172	¥	—	¥	22	¥	150
Corporate bonds		569		73		84		558
Fund trusts		1,867		2		43		1,826
Equity securities		15,911		3,200		1,387		17,724
	¥	18,519	¥	3,275	¥	1,536	¥	20,258

Maturities of Available-for-SaleDebt Securities and FundTrusts

Maturities of available-for-sale debt securities and fund trusts included in short-term investments and investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows at December 31, 2012:

	Cost		Fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Due within one year	¥	30	¥	30
Due after one year through five years		953		990
Due after five years through ten years		1,010		985
	¥	1,993	¥	2,005

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Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Japanese Plans
Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs Weighted Average Assumptions [Line Items]
Discount rate	1.90%	2.10%	2.30%
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels	3.00%	3.00%	3.00%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	3.10%	3.60%	3.60%
Foreign Plans
Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs Weighted Average Assumptions [Line Items]
Discount rate	4.60%	4.90%	4.90%
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels	2.40%	2.90%	2.80%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	5.40%	5.70%	6.10%

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2010 Times Entity	Dec. 31, 2009
Cash Flow Supplemental Disclosures [Line Items]
New shares, issued	0
Shares of treasury stock issued	10,000,853
Canon Finetech Inc, Canon Machinery Inc and Tokki Corporation
Cash Flow Supplemental Disclosures [Line Items]
Number of executed share exchanges for the listed subsidiaries	3
Number of listed subsidiaries	3
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries	¥ 0	¥ 38,644

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Trade Payables (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Trade Payables

Trade payables are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Notes	¥	11,971	¥	16,519
Accounts		313,264		364,013
	¥	325,235	¥	380,532

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Maturities of Available-For-Sale Debt Securities and Fund Trusts Included in Short-Term Investments and Investments (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012
Cost
Due within one year	¥ 30
Due after one year through five years	953
Due after five years through ten years	1,010
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities, Amortized Cost Basis, Total	1,993
Fair value
Due within one year	30
Due after one year through five years	990
Due after five years through ten years	985
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Securities, Total	¥ 2,005

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Trade Payables (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Line Items]
Notes	¥ 11,971	¥ 16,519
Accounts	313,264	364,013
Trade payables (Note 10)	¥ 325,235	¥ 380,532

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 1)	¥ 666,678	¥ 773,227
Short-term investments (Note 2)	28,322	125,517
Trade receivables, net (Note 3)	573,375	533,208
Inventories (Note 4)	551,623	476,704
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Notes 6, 12 and 17)	262,258	244,649
Total current assets	2,082,256	2,153,305
Noncurrent receivables (Note 18)	19,702	16,772
Investments (Note 2)	56,617	51,790
Property, plant and equipment, net (Notes 5 and 6)	1,260,364	1,190,836
Intangible assets, net (Note 8)	135,736	138,030
Other assets (Notes 6, 8, 11 and 12)	400,828	379,994
Total assets	3,955,503	3,930,727
Current liabilities:
Short-term loans and current portion of long-term debt (Note 9)	1,866	8,343
Trade payables (Note 10)	325,235	380,532
Accrued income taxes (Note 12)	60,057	45,900
Accrued expenses (Notes 11 and 18)	291,348	299,422
Other current liabilities (Notes 5, 12 and 17)	165,929	159,651
Total current liabilities	844,435	893,848
Long-term debt, excluding current installments (Note 9)	2,117	3,368
Accrued pension and severance cost (Note 11)	272,131	249,604
Other noncurrent liabilities (Note 12)	82,518	70,240
Total liabilities	1,201,201	1,217,060
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 18)
Canon Inc. stockholders' equity:
Common stock Authorized 3,000,000,000 shares; issued 1,333,763,464 shares in 2012 and 2011	174,762	174,762
Additional paid-in capital	401,547	401,572
Legal reserve (Note 13)	61,663	59,004
Retained earnings (Note 13)	3,138,976	3,059,298
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 14)	(367,249)	(481,773)
Treasury stock, at cost; 180,972,173 shares in 2012 and 132,231,296 shares in 2011	(811,673)	(661,731)
Total Canon Inc. stockholders' equity	2,598,026	2,551,132
Noncontrolling interests	156,276	162,535
Total equity	2,754,302	2,713,667
Total liabilities and equity	¥ 3,955,503	¥ 3,930,727

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Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders Per Share

A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share computations is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012		2011		2010
	(Millions of yen)
Net income attributable to Canon Inc.	¥	224,564	¥	248,630	¥	246,603
	(Number of shares)
Average common shares outstanding		1,173,647,835		1,215,832,419		1,234,817,434
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		20,574		60,552		50,603
Diluted common shares outstanding		1,173,668,409		1,215,892,971		1,234,868,037
	(Yen)
Net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share:
Basic	¥	191.34	¥	204.49	¥	199.71
Diluted		191.34		204.48		199.70

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Tax Effects Allocated to Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Reclassification Adjustments, Including Amounts Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Foreign currency translation adjustments, Before-tax amount	¥ 134,930	¥ (53,839)	¥ (128,271)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities, Before-tax amount:
Amount arising during the year, Before-tax amount	3,418	(7,571)	(2,179)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income, Before-tax amount	1,307	4,077	1,320
Net change during the year, Before-tax amount	4,725	(3,494)	(859)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments, Before-tax amount:
Amount arising during the year, Before-tax amount	(10,647)	4,221	8,409
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income, Before-tax amount	2,440	(5,006)	(6,990)
Net change during the year, Before-tax amount	(8,207)	(785)	1,419
Pension liability adjustments, Before-tax amount:
Amount arising during the year, Before-tax amount	(13,888)	(59,928)	(19,170)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income, Before-tax amount	4,433	2,038	2,323
Net change during the year, Before-tax amount	(9,455)	(57,890)	(16,847)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Before-tax amount	121,993	(116,008)	(144,558)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, Tax (expense) or benefit	(1,195)	(247)	1,353
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities, Tax (expense) or benefit:
Amount arising during the year, Tax (expense) or benefit	(1,004)	3,010	671
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income, Tax (expense) or benefit	(456)	(1,632)	42
Net change during the year, Tax (expense) or benefit	(1,460)	1,378	713
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments, Tax (expense) or benefit:
Amount arising during the year, Tax (expense) or benefit	4,041	(1,708)	(3,573)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income, Tax (expense) or benefit	(714)	2,044	2,921
Net change during the year, Tax (expense) or benefit	3,327	336	(652)
Pension liability adjustments, Tax (expense) or benefit:
Amount arising during the year, Tax (expense) or benefit	(1,738)	20,252	8,314
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income, Tax (expense) or benefit	(1,594)	(739)	(794)
Net change during the year, Tax (expense) or benefit	(3,332)	19,513	7,520
Other comprehensive income (loss), Tax (expense) or benefit	(2,660)	20,980	8,934
Foreign currency translation adjustments, Net-of-tax amount	133,735	(54,086)	(126,918)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities, Net-of-tax amount:
Amount arising during the year, Net-of-tax amount	2,414	(4,561)	(1,508)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income, Net-of-tax amount	851	2,445	1,362
Net change during the year, Net-of-tax amount	3,265	(2,116)	(146)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments, Net-of-tax amount:
Amount arising during the year, Net-of-tax amount	(6,606)	2,513	4,836
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income, Net-of-tax amount	1,726	(2,962)	(4,069)
Net change during the year, Net-of-tax amount	(4,880)	(449)	767
Pension liability adjustments, Net-of-tax amount:
Amount arising during the year, Net-of-tax amount	(15,626)	(39,676)	(10,856)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income, Net-of-tax amount	2,839	1,299	1,529
Net change during the year, Net-of-tax amount	(12,787)	(38,377)	(9,327)
Other comprehensive income (loss), Net-of-tax amount	¥ 119,333	¥ (95,028)	¥ (135,624)

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Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail) (Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3, JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2011
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Carrying value of equity securities	¥ 3,577
Fair value of equity securities	0
Other-than-temporary impairment charges on non-marketable equity securities and equity securities accounted for by equity method	¥ 3,577

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Consolidated Statements of Equity (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Total	Common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Legal reserve	Retained earnings	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Treasury stock	Total Canon Inc. stockholders' equity	Non- controlling interests
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2009	¥ 2,879,400	¥ 174,762	¥ 404,293	¥ 54,687	¥ 2,871,437	¥ (260,818)	¥ (556,252)	¥ 2,688,109	¥ 191,291
Acquisition of subsidiaries	19,168								19,168
Equity transactions with noncontrolling interests and other	(5,884)		(3,787)		(13,453)	(680)	55,250	37,330	(43,214)
Dividends paid to Canon Inc. stockholders	(136,103)				(136,103)			(136,103)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	(2,827)								(2,827)
Transfer to legal reserve				3,243	(3,243)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	252,703				246,603			246,603	6,100
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 14):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(126,918)					(122,667)		(122,667)	(4,251)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities	(146)					(222)		(222)	76
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments	767					833		833	(66)
Pension liability adjustments	(9,327)					(6,905)		(6,905)	(2,422)
Comprehensive income (Note 14)	117,079							117,642	(563)
Repurchase of treasury stock, net	(61,196)		(81)		(4)		(61,111)	(61,196)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2010	2,809,637	174,762	400,425	57,930	2,965,237	(390,459)	(562,113)	2,645,782	163,855
Equity transactions with noncontrolling interests and other	337		1,193		(609)			584	(247)
Dividends paid to Canon Inc. stockholders	(152,784)				(152,784)			(152,784)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	(2,838)								(2,838)
Transfer to legal reserve				1,074	(1,074)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	254,109				248,630			248,630	5,479
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 14):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(54,086)					(53,251)		(53,251)	(835)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities	(2,116)					(2,017)		(2,017)	(99)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments	(449)					(462)		(462)	13
Pension liability adjustments	(38,377)					(35,584)		(35,584)	(2,793)
Comprehensive income (Note 14)	159,081							157,316	1,765
Repurchase of treasury stock, net	(99,766)		(46)		(102)		(99,618)	(99,766)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2011	2,713,667	174,762	401,572	59,004	3,059,298	(481,773)	(661,731)	2,551,132	162,535
Equity transactions with noncontrolling interests and other	(15,321)		(16)		152	(1,866)		(1,730)	(13,591)
Dividends paid to Canon Inc. stockholders	(142,362)				(142,362)			(142,362)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	(3,492)								(3,492)
Transfer to legal reserve				2,659	(2,659)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	232,445				224,564			224,564	7,881
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 14):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	133,735					132,704		132,704	1,031
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities	3,265					3,148		3,148	117
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments	(4,880)					(4,882)		(4,882)	2
Pension liability adjustments	(12,787)					(14,580)		(14,580)	1,793
Comprehensive income (Note 14)	351,778							340,954	10,824
Repurchase of treasury stock, net	(149,968)		(9)		(17)		(149,942)	(149,968)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2012	¥ 2,754,302	¥ 174,762	¥ 401,547	¥ 61,663	¥ 3,138,976	¥ (367,249)	¥ (811,673)	¥ 2,598,026	¥ 156,276

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Legal Reserve and Retained Earnings - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]
Percentage of legal reserve appropriated from distributions from retained earnings paid by Canon Inc. and its subsidiaries	10.00%
Appropriations not required if percentage of additional paid in capital and legal reserve equals specific percentage of respective stated capital	25.00%
Year end dividends approved by stockholders	¥ 80,695
Amount available for dividends under the Corporation Law of Japan	1,090,834
Retained earnings included Canon's equity in undistributed earinings of affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method	¥ 17,094

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Finance Receivables and Operating Leases - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Minimum
Leases Disclosure [Line Items]
Term of financing receivables	1 year
Maximum
Leases Disclosure [Line Items]
Term of financing receivables	8 years
Equipment Leased to Customers
Leases Disclosure [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment lease	¥ 80,186	¥ 75,391
Accumulated depreciation on property, plant and equipment lease	¥ 58,433	¥ 54,791

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Summary of Option Activity Under Stock Option Plans (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010	Dec. 31, 2009
Shares
Outstanding at beginning of year	3,042,200	2,220,000	1,512,000
Granted		912,000	890,000
Exercised	(10,800)	(65,800)
Forfeited	(305,000)	(24,000)	(182,000)
Outstanding at end of year	2,726,400	3,042,200	2,220,000	1,512,000
Exercisable at end of year	1,988,400
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year	¥ 4,268	¥ 4,354	¥ 4,119
Granted		¥ 3,990	¥ 4,573
Exercised	¥ 3,287	¥ 3,287
Forfeited	¥ 4,493	¥ 4,282	¥ 3,479
Outstanding at end of year	¥ 4,247	¥ 4,268	¥ 4,354	¥ 4,119
Exercisable at end of year	¥ 4,342
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Outstanding at end of year	1 year 7 months 6 days	2 years	2 years 6 months	3 years
Exercisable at end of year	1 year 1 month 6 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at beginning of year	¥ 88	¥ 722	¥ 588
Outstanding at end of year	37	88	722	588
Exercisable at end of year	¥ 37

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Land	¥	272,233		¥	268,493
Buildings		1,447,838			1,367,187
Machinery and equipment		1,586,827			1,499,331
Construction in progress		112,919			94,507
		3,419,817			3,229,518
Less accumulated depreciation		(2,159,453	)		(2,038,682	)
	¥	1,260,364		¥	1,190,836

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Line Items]
Intangible assets developed or acquired	¥ 34,196	¥ 35,994
Aggregate amortization expense	46,160	51,164	43,866
Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets, 2013	44,409
Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets, 2014	34,219
Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets, 2015	20,576
Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets, 2016	11,822
Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets, 2017	6,605
Computer Software, Intangible Asset
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Line Items]
Intangible assets developed or acquired	¥ 33,985	¥ 33,217
Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Line Items]
Weighted average amortization period for acquired intangible assets	4 years	5 years
Software
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Line Items]
Weighted average amortization period for acquired intangible assets	4 years	4 years

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Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Stock-Based Compensation

15. Stock-Based Compensation

On May 1, 2011, based on the approval of the stockholders, the Company granted stock options to its directors, executive officers and certain employees to acquire 912,000 shares of common stock. These option awards vest after two years of continued service beginning on the grant date and have a four year contractual term. The grant-date fair value per share of the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2011 was ¥772.

On May 1, 2010, based on the approval of the stockholders, the Company granted stock options to its directors, executive officers and certain employees to acquire 890,000 shares of common stock. These option awards vest after two years of continued service beginning on the grant date and have a four year contractual term. The grant-date fair value per share of the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2010 was ¥988.

On May 1, 2009, based on the approval of the stockholders, the Company granted stock options to its directors, executive officers and certain employees to acquire 954,000 shares of common stock. These option awards vest after two years of continued service beginning on the grant date and have a four year contractual term. The grant-date fair value per share of the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2009 was ¥699.

On May 1, 2008, based on the approval of the stockholders, the Company granted stock options to its directors, executive officers and certain employees to acquire 592,000 shares of common stock. These option awards vest after two years of continued service beginning on the grant date and have a four year contractual term. The grant-date fair value per share of the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2008 was ¥1,247.

The compensation cost recognized for these stock options for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was ¥364 million, ¥748 million and ¥643 million, respectively, and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

The fair value of each option award was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that incorporates the assumptions presented below:

	Years ended December 31
	2011			2010
Expected term of option (in years)		4.0			4.0
Expected volatility		36.44	%		38.00	%
Dividend yield		3.16	%		2.53	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.44	%		0.45	%

A summary of option activity under the stock option plans as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is presented below:

	Shares			Weighted–average exercise price		Weighted–average remaining contractual term		Aggregate intrinsic value
				(Yen)		(Year)		(Millions of yen)
Outstanding at January 1, 2010		1,512,000		¥	4,119		3.0	¥	588
Granted		890,000			4,573
Forfeited		(182,000	)		3,479
Outstanding at December 31, 2010		2,220,000			4,354		2.5		722
Granted		912,000			3,990
Exercised		(65,800	)		3,287
Forfeited		(24,000	)		4,282
Outstanding at December 31, 2011		3,042,200			4,268		2.0		88
Exercised		(10,800	)		3,287
Forfeited		(305,000	)		4,493
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		2,726,400		¥	4,247		1.6	¥	37
Exercisable at December 31, 2012		1,988,400		¥	4,342		1.1	¥	37

At December 31, 2012, all outstanding option awards were vested or expected to be vested.

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested shares at December 31, 2012, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2012, is presented below:

	Year ended December 31, 2012
	Shares			Weighted–average grant-date fair value
				(Yen)
Nonvested at January 1, 2012		1,768,000		¥	878
Vested		(848,000	)		988
Forfeited		(182,000	)		796
Nonvested at December 31, 2012		738,000			772

At December 31, 2012, there was ¥95 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a period of 0.33 year. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was ¥848 million, ¥547 million and ¥696 million, respectively. Cash received from the exercise of stock options for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was ¥35 million and ¥216 million, respectively.

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Finance Receivables and Operating Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Components of Financing Receivable

The components of the finance receivables, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, are as follows:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Total minimum lease payments receivable	¥	231,221		¥	204,326
Unguaranteed residual values		8,863			8,195
Executory costs		(2,598	)		(2,275	)
Unearned income		(27,521	)		(24,955	)
		209,965			185,291
Less allowance for credit losses		(6,908	)		(7,039	)
		203,057			178,252
Less current portion		(74,168	)		(66,337	)
	¥	128,889		¥	111,915

Allowance for Credit Losses

The activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	7,039		¥	7,983
Charge-offs		(1,304	)		(1,937	)
Provision		1,922			2,052
Other		(749	)		(1,059	)
Balance at end of year	¥	6,908		¥	7,039

Future Minimum Lease Payments to be Received under Financing Leases and Non-Cancelable Operating Leases

The following is a schedule by year of the future minimum lease payments to be received under financing leases and non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2012.

	Financing leases		Operating leases
	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	89,794	¥	7,073
2014		63,348		4,359
2015		38,983		3,038
2016		19,221		2,195
2017		19,472		1,671
Thereafter		403		4,084
	¥	231,221	¥	22,420

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Fair Value of Option Award Estimated on Date of Grant Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Share based Compensation Arrangement by Share based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Method Used [Line Items]
Expected term of option (in years)	4 years	4 years
Expected volatility	36.44%	38.00%
Dividend yield	3.16%	2.53%
Risk-free interest rate	0.44%	0.45%

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

17. Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Risk management policy

Canon operates internationally, exposing it to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Derivative financial instruments are comprised principally of foreign exchange contracts utilized by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to reduce the risk. Canon assesses foreign currency exchange rate risk by continually monitoring changes in the exposures and by evaluating hedging opportunities. Canon does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Canon is also exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments, but it is not expected that any counterparties will fail to meet their obligations. Most of the counterparties are internationally recognized financial institutions and selected by Canon taking into account their financial condition, and contracts are diversified across a number of major financial institutions.

Foreign currency exchange rate risk management

Canon’s international operations expose Canon to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Canon uses foreign exchange contracts to manage certain foreign currency exchange exposures principally from the exchange of U.S. dollars and euros into Japanese yen. These contracts are primarily used to hedge the foreign currency exposure of forecasted intercompany sales and intercompany trade receivables that are denominated in foreign currencies. In accordance with Canon’s policy, a specific portion of foreign currency exposure resulting from forecasted intercompany sales are hedged using foreign exchange contracts which principally mature within three months.

Cash flow hedge

Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, including foreign exchange contracts associated with forecasted intercompany sales, are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These amounts are subsequently reclassified into earnings through other income (deductions) in the same period as the hedged items affect earnings. Substantially all amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at year-end are expected to be recognized in earnings over the next twelve months. Canon excludes the time value component from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Changes in the fair value of a foreign exchange contract for the period between the date that the forecasted intercompany sales occur and its maturity date are recognized in earnings and not considered hedge ineffectiveness.

Derivatives not designated as hedges

Canon has entered into certain foreign exchange contracts to primarily offset the earnings impact related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates associated with certain assets denominated in foreign currencies. Although these foreign exchange contracts have not been designated as hedges as required in order to apply hedge accounting, the contracts are effective from an economic perspective. The changes in the fair value of these contracts are recorded in earnings immediately.

Contract amounts of foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are set forth below:

	December 31
	2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
To sell foreign currencies	¥	420,272	¥	391,455
To buy foreign currencies		66,563		75,016

Fair value of derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets

The following tables present Canon’s derivative instruments measured at gross fair value as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

		Fair value
		December 31
	Balance sheet location	2012		2011
		(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	¥	443	¥	1,325
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current liabilities		4,472		1,270

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

		Fair value
		December 31
	Balance sheet location	2012		2011
		(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	¥	388	¥	3,393
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current liabilities		21,021		1,340

Effect of derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of income

The following tables present the effect of Canon’s derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships

	Years ended December 31
	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI (effective portion)			Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income (effective portion)					Gain (loss) recognized in income (ineffective portion and amount excluded from effectiveness testing)
	Amount			Location		Amount			Location		Amount
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Foreign exchange contracts	¥	(8,207	)		Other, net	¥	(2,440	)		Other, net	¥	(221	)
2011:
Foreign exchange contracts		(785	)		Other, net		5,006			Other, net		(457	)
2010:
Foreign exchange contracts		1,419			Other, net		6,990			Other, net		(302	)

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

			Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivative
			Years ended December 31
	Location		2012			2011		2010
			(Millions of yen)
Foreign exchange contracts		Other, net	¥	(30,602	)	¥	11,168	¥	50,794

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Short-Term Loans and Long-Term Debt - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Short-term loans consisting of bank borrowings	¥ 319	¥ 4,641
Weighted average interest rate on short-term loans outstanding	4.00%	2.72%

XML

Changes in Accrued Product Warranty Cost (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	¥ 11,691	¥ 13,343
Addition	13,553	14,296
Utilization	(12,503)	(14,649)
Other	(578)	(1,299)
Balance at end of year	¥ 12,163	¥ 11,691

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Cash flows from operating activities:
Consolidated net income	¥ 232,445	¥ 254,109	¥ 252,703
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	258,133	261,343	276,193
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	11,242	8,937	21,120
Impairment loss of fixed assets	7	598	1,288
Impairment loss of investments	1,527	8,130	23,330
Equity in (earnings) losses of affiliated companies	(610)	7,368	(10,471)
Deferred income taxes	7,487	29,129	29,381
(Increase) decrease in trade receivables	5,030	9,991	(6,671)
Increase in inventories	(24,805)	(109,983)	(17,532)
Increase (decrease) in trade payables	(102,293)	35,766	115,726
Increase (decrease) in accrued income taxes	12,427	(25,653)	25,228
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses	(30,089)	8,938	77
Increase (decrease) in accrued (prepaid) pension and severance cost	5,515	(2,315)	4,147
Other, net	8,061	(16,796)	29,894
Net cash provided by operating activities	384,077	469,562	744,413
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of fixed assets (Note 5)	(316,211)	(238,129)	(199,152)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets (Note 5)	4,861	3,273	3,303
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(417)	(2,160)	(10,891)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of available-for-sale securities	344	1,934	3,910
(Increase)decrease in time deposits, net	103,137	(34,111)	(80,904)
Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired	(704)	29	(55,686)
Purchases of other investments	(796)	(373)	(1,955)
Other, net	(2,954)	12,994	(758)
Net cash used in investing activities	(212,740)	(256,543)	(342,133)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	614	725	5,902
Repayments of long-term debt	(3,732)	(4,670)	(5,739)
Increase (decrease) in short-term loans, net	(5,055)	2,466	(74,933)
Dividends paid	(142,362)	(152,784)	(136,103)
Repurchases of treasury stock, net	(149,968)	(99,766)	(61,196)
Other, net	(19,236)	(3,484)	(7,828)
Net cash used in financing activities	(319,739)	(257,513)	(279,897)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	41,853	(22,858)	(76,838)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(106,549)	(67,352)	45,545
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	773,227	840,579	795,034
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	666,678	773,227	840,579
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	1,084	914	1,924
Income taxes	¥ 98,096	¥ 120,696	¥ 80,212

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Common stock, shares authorized	3,000,000,000	3,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	1,333,763,464	1,333,763,464
Treasury stock, shares	180,972,173	132,231,296

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Trade Payables

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Trade Payables

10. Trade Payables

Trade payables are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Notes	¥	11,971	¥	16,519
Accounts		313,264		364,013
	¥	325,235	¥	380,532

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Fair Value of Derivative Instruments in Consolidated Balance Sheet (Detail) (Foreign Exchange Contract, JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets designated as Hedging Instrument	¥ 443	¥ 1,325
Derivative assets not designated as Hedging Instrument	388	3,393
Other Current Liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivatives liabilities designated as hedging instruments	4,472	1,270
Derivatives liabilities not designated as hedging instruments	¥ 21,021	¥ 1,340

XML

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	¥ 2,933	¥ 6,035	¥ 13,235
Additions for tax positions of the current year	869	149	73
Additions for tax positions of prior years	4,903	431	805
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(1,546)	(2,139)	(8,354)
Settlements with tax authorities	(41)	(1,264)	(2,471)
Additions from acquisitions			4,066
Other	593	(279)	(1,319)
Balance at end of year	¥ 7,711	¥ 2,933	¥ 6,035

XML

Tax Effects of Temporary Differences to Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Deferred tax assets:
Inventories	¥ 13,040	¥ 18,885
Accrued business tax	4,754	3,227
Accrued pension and severance cost	86,442	90,025
Research and development - costs capitalized for tax purposes	12,658	12,898
Property, plant and equipment	28,780	31,624
Accrued expenses	36,528	37,992
Net operating losses carried forward	32,494	31,967
Other	41,366	38,220
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross, Total	256,062	264,838
Less valuation allowance	(32,167)	(33,788)
Total deferred tax assets	223,895	231,050
Deferred tax liabilities:
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries	(8,235)	(6,783)
Net unrealized gains on securities	(2,437)	(1,180)
Tax deductible reserve	(6,417)	(6,385)
Financing lease revenue	(41,417)	(40,878)
Prepaid pension and severance cost	(1,073)	(2,224)
Other	(27,398)	(26,334)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(86,977)	(83,784)
Net deferred tax assets	¥ 136,918	¥ 147,266

XML

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Trade Receivables
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period	¥ 11,563	¥ 14,920	¥ 11,343
Addition- charged to income	2,149	492	787
Deduction bad debts written off	(2,382)	(3,995)	(2,038)
Translation adjustments and other	1,640	146	4,828
Balance at end of period	12,970	11,563	14,920
Finance Receivables
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period	7,039	7,983	9,023
Addition- charged to income	1,922	2,052	1,995
Deduction bad debts written off	(1,304)	(1,937)	(3,103)
Translation adjustments and other	(749)	(1,059)	68
Balance at end of period	¥ 6,908	¥ 7,039	¥ 7,983

XML

Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	20-F
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2012
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2012
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	CAJ
Entity Registrant Name	CANON INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000016988
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	1,152,791,291

XML

Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits

11. Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries have contributory and noncontributory defined benefit pension plans covering substantially all of their employees. Benefits payable under the plans are based on employee earnings and years of service. The Company and certain of its subsidiaries also have defined contribution pension plans covering substantially all of their employees.

The amounts of cost recognized for the defined contribution pension plans of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were ¥13,021 million, ¥12,511 million and ¥11,780 million, respectively.

Obligations and funded status

Reconciliations of beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligations and the fair value of the plan assets are as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	December 31						December 31
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligations at beginning of year	¥	626,924		¥	593,274		¥	262,130		¥	261,130
Service cost		25,738			25,875			5,884			5,756
Interest cost		11,788			12,354			13,176			12,748
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			2,315			2,680
Amendments		—			(1,913	)		—			—
Actuarial loss		6,049			14,845			45,145			3,872
Benefits paid		(18,979	)		(17,511	)		(10,407	)		(8,234	)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			46,366			(15,822	)
Benefit obligations at end of year		651,520			626,924			364,609			262,130
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		448,736			460,090			192,033			197,835
Actual return on plan assets		41,593			(17,285	)		25,290			2,335
Employer contributions		22,589			22,282			7,832			8,228
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			2,315			2,680
Benefits paid		(17,466	)		(16,351	)		(9,825	)		(8,201	)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			31,889			(10,844	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		495,452			448,736			249,534			192,033
Funded status at end of year	¥	(156,068	)	¥	(178,188	)	¥	(115,075	)	¥	(70,097	)

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	December 31						December 31
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Other assets	¥	—		¥	54		¥	1,371		¥	1,397
Accrued expenses		—			—			(383	)		(132	)
Accrued pension and severance cost		(156,068	)		(178,242	)		(116,063	)		(71,362	)
	¥	(156,068	)	¥	(178,188	)	¥	(115,075	)	¥	(70,097	)

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2012 and 2011 before the effect of income taxes are as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	December 31						December 31
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Actuarial loss	¥	253,748		¥	291,778		¥	50,417		¥	16,095
Prior service credit		(117,633	)		(130,712	)		(261	)		(345	)
	¥	136,115		¥	161,066		¥	50,156		¥	15,750

The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit plans was as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	December 31				December 31
	2012		2011		2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Accumulated benefit obligation	¥	620,589	¥	595,689	¥	328,736	¥	238,675

The projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets, and the accumulated benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets are as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	December 31				December 31
	2012		2011		2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Projected benefit obligations	¥	651,520	¥	622,645	¥	360,742	¥	259,517
Fair value of plan assets		495,452		444,403		244,296		188,023
Plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Accumulated benefit obligations	¥	615,551	¥	591,830	¥	324,869	¥	160,941
Fair value of plan assets		489,929		444,403		244,296		111,527

Components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)

Net periodic benefit cost for Canon’s employee retirement and severance defined benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 consisted of the following components:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Years ended December 31									Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Service cost	¥	25,738		¥	25,875		¥	23,331		¥	5,884		¥	5,756		¥	5,660
Interest cost		11,788			12,354			12,636			13,176			12,748			11,792
Expected return on plan assets		(13,791	)		(16,485	)		(16,591	)		(11,806	)		(12,112	)		(10,540	)
Amortization of net transition obligation		—			722			722			—			—			—
Amortization of prior service credit		(13,079	)		(13,674	)		(13,878	)		(116	)		(93	)		(116	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		16,277			14,462			14,545			1,351			621			1,050
	¥	26,933		¥	23,254		¥	20,765		¥	8,489		¥	6,920		¥	7,846

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are summarized as follows:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Years ended December 31									Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Current year actuarial (gain) loss	¥	(21,753	)	¥	48,615		¥	34,348		¥	31,661		¥	13,649		¥	(14,713	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		(16,277	)		(14,462	)		(14,545	)		(1,351	)		(621	)		(1,050	)
Prior service credit due to amendments		—			(1,913	)		(423	)		—			—			(149	)
Amortization of prior service credit		13,079			13,674			13,878			116			93			116
Amortization of net transition obligation		—			(722	)		(722	)		—			—			—
	¥	(24,951	)	¥	45,192		¥	32,536		¥	30,426		¥	13,121		¥	(15,796	)

The estimated prior service credit and actuarial loss for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit cost over the next year are summarized as follows:

	Japanese plans			Foreign plans
	(Millions of yen)
Prior service credit	¥	(13,070	)	¥	(124	)
Actuarial loss		14,414			1,413

Assumptions

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations are as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	December 31				December 31
	2012		2011		2012		2011
Discount rate		1.8%		1.9%		3.6%		4.6%
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels		3.0%		3.0%		2.2%		2.4%

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Years ended December 31									Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010
Discount rate		1.9	%		2.1	%		2.3	%		4.6	%		4.9	%		4.9	%
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels		3.0	%		3.0	%		3.0	%		2.4	%		2.9	%		2.8	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets		3.1	%		3.6	%		3.6	%		5.4	%		5.7	%		6.1	%

Canon determines the expected long-term rate of return based on the expected long-term return of the various asset categories in which it invests. Canon considers the current expectations for future returns and the actual historical returns of each plan asset category.

Plan assets

Canon’s investment policies are designed to ensure adequate plan assets are available to provide future payments of pension benefits to eligible participants. Taking into account the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, Canon formulates a “model” portfolio comprised of the optimal combination of equity securities and debt securities. Plan assets are invested in individual equity and debt securities using the guidelines of the “model” portfolio in order to produce a total return that will match the expected return on a mid-term to long-term basis. Canon evaluates the gap between expected return and actual return of invested plan assets on an annual basis to determine if such differences necessitate a revision in the formulation of the “model” portfolio. Canon revises the “model” portfolio when and to the extent considered necessary to achieve the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets.

Canon’s model portfolio for Japanese plans consists of three major components: approximately 30% is invested in equity securities, approximately 50% is invested in debt securities, and approximately 20% is invested in other investment vehicles, primarily consisting of investments in life insurance company general accounts.

Outside Japan, investment policies vary by country, but the long-term investment objectives and strategies remain consistent. Canon’s model portfolio for foreign plans has been developed as follows: approximately 40% is invested in equity securities, approximately 55% is invested in debt securities, and approximately 5% is invested in other investment vehicles, primarily consisting of investments in real estate assets.

The equity securities are selected primarily from stocks that are listed on the securities exchanges. Prior to investing, Canon has investigated the business condition of the investee companies, and appropriately diversified investments by type of industry and other relevant factors. The debt securities are selected primarily from government bonds, public debt instruments, and corporate bonds. Prior to investing, Canon has investigated the quality of the issue, including rating, interest rate, and repayment dates, and has appropriately diversified the investments. Pooled funds are selected using strategies consistent with the equity and debt securities described above. As for investments in life insurance company general accounts, the contracts with the insurance companies include a guaranteed interest rate and return of capital. With respect to investments in foreign investment vehicles, Canon has investigated the stability of the underlying governments and economies, the market characteristics such as settlement systems and the taxation systems. For each such investment, Canon has selected the appropriate investment country and currency.

The three levels of input used to measure fair value are more fully described in Note 20. The fair values of Canon’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2012 and 2011, by asset category, are as follows:

	December 31, 2012
	Japanese plans								Foreign plans
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Equity securities:
Japanese companies (a)	¥	34,387	¥	—	¥	—	¥	34,387	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—
Foreign companies		6,560		—		—		6,560		13,149		—		—		13,149
Pooled funds (b)		—		99,631		—		99,631		—		60,142		—		60,142
Debt securities:
Government bonds (c)		20,301		—		—		20,301		4,345		—		—		4,345
Municipal bonds		—		1,064		—		1,064		—		21		—		21
Corporate bonds		—		8,425		—		8,425		—		—		—		—
Pooled funds (d)		—		192,386		—		192,386		—		128,647		—		128,647
Mortgage backed securities (and other asset backed securities)		—		8,400		—		8,400		—		236		—		236
Life insurance company general accounts		—		113,179		—		113,179		—		1,857		—		1,857
Other assets		—		9,813		1,306		11,119		—		41,137		—		41,137
	¥	61,248	¥	432,898	¥	1,306	¥	495,452	¥	17,494	¥	232,040	¥	—	¥	249,534

	December 31, 2011
	Japanese plans								Foreign plans
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Equity securities:
Japanese companies (e)	¥	37,875	¥	—	¥	—	¥	37,875	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—
Foreign companies		4,804		—		—		4,804		3,779		—		—		3,779
Pooled funds (f)		—		82,380		—		82,380		—		47,779		—		47,779
Debt securities:
Government bonds (g)		17,951		—		—		17,951		2,326		—		—		2,326
Municipal bonds		—		864		—		864		—		19		—		19
Corporate bonds		—		8,170		—		8,170		—		—		—		—
Pooled funds (h)		—		190,832		—		190,832		—		92,653		—		92,653
Mortgage backed securities (and other asset backed securities)		—		4,842		—		4,842		—		2,726		—		2,726
Life insurance company general accounts		—		92,700		—		92,700		—		—		—		—
Other assets		—		7,171		1,147		8,318		—		42,751		—		42,751
	¥	60,630	¥	386,959	¥	1,147	¥	448,736	¥	6,105	¥	185,928	¥	—	¥	192,033

(a) The plan’s equity securities include common stock of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries in the amounts of ¥565 million.

(b) These funds invest in listed equity securities consisting of approximately 20% Japanese companies and 80% foreign companies for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign companies for foreign plans.

(c) This class includes approximately 30% Japanese government bonds and 70% foreign government bonds for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign government bonds for foreign plans.

(d) These funds invest in approximately 65% Japanese government bonds, 25% foreign government bonds, 5% Japanese municipal bonds, and 5% corporate bonds for Japanese plans. These funds invest in approximately 30% foreign government bonds and 70% corporate bonds for foreign plans.

(e) The plan’s equity securities include common stock of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries in the amounts of ¥1,129 million.

(f) These funds invest in listed equity securities consisting of approximately 50% Japanese companies and 50% foreign companies for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign companies for foreign plans.

(g) This class includes approximately 30% Japanese government bonds and 70% foreign government bonds for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign government bonds for foreign plans.

(h) These funds invest in approximately 75% Japanese government bonds, 15% foreign government bonds, 5% Japanese municipal bonds, and 5% corporate bonds for Japanese plans. These funds invest in approximately 40% foreign government bonds and 60% corporate bonds for foreign plans.

Each level into which assets are categorized is based on inputs used to measure the fair value of the assets, and does not necessarily indicate the risks or ratings of the assets.

Level 1 assets are comprised principally of equity securities and government bonds, which are valued using unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets with sufficient volume and frequency of transactions. Level 2 assets are comprised principally of pooled funds that invest in equity and debt securities, corporate bonds and investments in life insurance company general accounts. Pooled funds are valued at their net asset values that are calculated by the sponsor of the fund and have daily liquidity. Corporate bonds are valued using quoted prices for identical assets in markets that are not active. Investments in life insurance company general accounts are valued at conversion value.

The fair value of Level 3 assets, consisting of hedge funds, was ¥1,306 million and ¥1,147 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Amounts of actual returns on, and purchases and sales of, these assets during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were not significant.

Contributions

Canon expects to contribute ¥18,610 million to its Japanese defined benefit pension plans and ¥21,454 million to its foreign defined benefit pension plans for the year ending December 31, 2013.

Estimated future benefit payments

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

	Japanese plans		Foreign plans
	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	15,961	¥	8,954
2014		16,947		8,876
2015		18,765		9,094
2016		20,524		9,792
2017		21,970		10,467
2018 – 2022		141,232		61,438

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Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Current year actuarial (gain) loss	¥ (13,888)	¥ (59,928)	¥ (19,170)
Japanese Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Current year actuarial (gain) loss	(21,753)	48,615	34,348
Amortization of actuarial loss	(16,277)	(14,462)	(14,545)
Prior service credit due to amendments		(1,913)	(423)
Amortization of prior service credit	13,079	13,674	13,878
Amortization of net transition obligation		(722)	(722)
Defined Benefit Plan, Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net Gain (Loss), before Tax, Total	(24,951)	45,192	32,536
Foreign Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Current year actuarial (gain) loss	31,661	13,649	(14,713)
Amortization of actuarial loss	(1,351)	(621)	(1,050)
Prior service credit due to amendments			(149)
Amortization of prior service credit	116	93	116
Defined Benefit Plan, Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net Gain (Loss), before Tax, Total	¥ 30,426	¥ 13,121	¥ (15,796)

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Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Schedule of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	¥ 62,358	¥ 61,961
Other assets	121,934	130,582
Other current liabilities	(2,662)	(1,735)
Other noncurrent liabilities	(44,712)	(43,542)
Net deferred tax assets	¥ 136,918	¥ 147,266

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Consolidated Statements of Income (JPY ¥) In Millions, except Per Share data, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Net sales	¥ 3,479,788	¥ 3,557,433	¥ 3,706,901
Cost of sales (Notes 5, 8, 11 and 18)	1,829,822	1,820,670	1,923,813
Gross profit	1,649,966	1,736,763	1,783,088
Operating expenses (Notes 1, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 18):
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,029,646	1,050,892	1,079,719
Research and development expenses	296,464	307,800	315,817
Operating Expenses, Total	1,326,110	1,358,692	1,395,536
Operating profit	323,856	378,071	387,552
Other income (deductions):
Interest and dividend income	6,792	8,432	6,022
Interest expense	(1,022)	(988)	(1,931)
Other, net (Notes 1, 2, 17 and 20)	12,931	(10,991)	1,220
Nonoperating Income (Expense), Total	18,701	(3,547)	5,311
Income before income taxes	342,557	374,524	392,863
Income taxes (Note 12)	110,112	120,415	140,160
Consolidated net income	232,445	254,109	252,703
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	7,881	5,479	6,100
Net income attributable to Canon Inc.	¥ 224,564	¥ 248,630	¥ 246,603
Net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share (Note 16):
Basic	¥ 191.34	¥ 204.49	¥ 199.71
Diluted	¥ 191.34	¥ 204.48	¥ 199.70
Cash dividends per share	¥ 130.00	¥ 120.00	¥ 120.00

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Property, Plant and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Property, Plant and Equipment

5. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Land	¥	272,233		¥	268,493
Buildings		1,447,838			1,367,187
Machinery and equipment		1,586,827			1,499,331
Construction in progress		112,919			94,507
		3,419,817			3,229,518
Less accumulated depreciation		(2,159,453	)		(2,038,682	)
	¥	1,260,364		¥	1,190,836

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was ¥211,973 million, ¥210,179 million and ¥232,327 million, respectively.

Amounts due for purchases of property, plant and equipment were ¥38,893 million and ¥47,690 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and are included in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Fixed assets presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets.

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Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Inventories

Inventories are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Finished goods	¥	391,194	¥	291,023
Work in process		139,923		166,076
Raw materials		20,506		19,605
	¥	551,623	¥	476,704

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Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders per Share

16. Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders per Share

A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share computations is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012		2011		2010
	(Millions of yen)
Net income attributable to Canon Inc.	¥	224,564	¥	248,630	¥	246,603
	(Number of shares)
Average common shares outstanding		1,173,647,835		1,215,832,419		1,234,817,434
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		20,574		60,552		50,603
Diluted common shares outstanding		1,173,668,409		1,215,892,971		1,234,868,037
	(Yen)
Net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share:
Basic	¥	191.34	¥	204.49	¥	199.71
Diluted		191.34		204.48		199.70

The computation of diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 excludes certain outstanding stock options because the effect would be anti-dilutive.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Income Taxes

12. Income Taxes

Domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes and the current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) attributable to such income are summarized as follows:

	Year ended December 31, 2012
	Japanese		Foreign			Total
	(Millions of yen)
Income before income taxes	¥	257,640	¥	84,917		¥	342,557
Income taxes:
Current	¥	73,573	¥	29,052		¥	102,625
Deferred		13,900		(6,413	)		7,487
	¥	87,473	¥	22,639		¥	110,112

	Year ended December 31, 2011
	Japanese		Foreign		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Income before income taxes	¥	287,592	¥	86,932	¥	374,524
Income taxes:
Current	¥	67,671	¥	23,615	¥	91,286
Deferred		21,047		8,082		29,129
	¥	88,718	¥	31,697	¥	120,415

	Year ended December 31, 2010
	Japanese		Foreign			Total
	(Millions of yen)
Income before income taxes	¥	302,965	¥	89,898		¥	392,863
Income taxes:
Current	¥	78,359	¥	32,420		¥	110,779
Deferred		35,496		(6,115	)		29,381
	¥	113,855	¥	26,305		¥	140,160

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries are subject to a number of income taxes, which, in the aggregate, represent a statutory income tax rate of approximately 40% for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

Amendments to the Japanese tax regulations were enacted into law on November 30, 2011. As a result of these amendments, the statutory income tax rate will be reduced from approximately 40% to 38% effective from the year beginning January 1, 2013, and to approximately 35% effective from the year beginning January 1, 2016 thereafter. Consequently, the statutory income tax rate utilized for deferred tax assets and liabilities expected to be settled or realized in the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 is approximately 38% and for periods subsequent to December 31, 2015 the rate is approximately 35%. The adjustments of deferred tax assets and liabilities for this change in the tax rate amounted to ¥6,599 million and have been reflected in income taxes in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2011.

A reconciliation of the Japanese statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate as a percentage of income before income taxes is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
Japanese statutory income tax rate		40.0	%		40.0	%		40.0	%
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes		0.8			0.6			0.8
Income of foreign subsidiaries taxed at lower than Japanese statutory tax rate		(4.3	)		(4.3	)		(3.5	)
Tax credit for research and development expenses		(5.7	)		(3.9	)		(5.1	)
Change in valuation allowance		(1.7	)		(0.5	)		2.8
Effect of enacted changes in tax laws and rates on Japanese tax		—			1.8			—
Other		3.0			(1.5	)		0.7
Effective income tax rate		32.1	%		32.2	%		35.7	%

Net deferred income tax assets and liabilities are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets under the following captions:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	¥	62,358		¥	61,961
Other assets		121,934			130,582
Other current liabilities		(2,662	)		(1,735	)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(44,712	)		(43,542	)
	¥	136,918		¥	147,266

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are presented below:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Deferred tax assets:
Inventories	¥	13,040		¥	18,885
Accrued business tax		4,754			3,227
Accrued pension and severance cost		86,442			90,025
Research and development—costs capitalized for tax purposes		12,658			12,898
Property, plant and equipment		28,780			31,624
Accrued expenses		36,528			37,992
Net operating losses carried forward		32,494			31,967
Other		41,366			38,220
		256,062			264,838
Less valuation allowance		(32,167	)		(33,788	)
Total deferred tax assets		223,895			231,050
Deferred tax liabilities:
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries		(8,235	)		(6,783	)
Net unrealized gains on securities		(2,437	)		(1,180	)
Tax deductible reserve		(6,417	)		(6,385	)
Financing lease revenue		(41,417	)		(40,878	)
Prepaid pension and severance cost		(1,073	)		(2,224	)
Other		(27,398	)		(26,334	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(86,977	)		(83,784	)
Net deferred tax assets	¥	136,918		¥	147,266

The net changes in the total valuation allowance were a decrease of ¥1,621 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a decrease of ¥1,519 million and an increase of ¥13,119 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods which the net deductible temporary differences are expected to reverse, management believes it is more likely than not that Canon will realize the benefits of these deferred tax assets, net of the existing valuation allowance, at December 31, 2012.

At December 31, 2012, Canon had net operating losses which can be carried forward for income tax purposes of ¥122,850 million to reduce future taxable income. Periods available to reduce future taxable income vary in each tax jurisdiction and generally range from one year to twenty years as follows:

	(Millions of yen)
Within one year	¥	2,583
After one year through five years		28,470
After five years through ten years		15,803
After ten years through twenty years		44,533
Indefinite period		31,461
Total	¥	122,850

Income taxes have not been accrued on undistributed earnings of domestic subsidiaries as the tax law provides a means by which the dividends from a domestic subsidiary can be received tax free.

Canon has not recognized deferred tax liabilities of ¥22,604 million for a portion of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that arose for the year ended December 31, 2012 and prior years because Canon currently does not expect to have such amounts distributed or paid as dividends to the Company in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax liabilities will be recognized when Canon expects that it will realize those undistributed earnings in a taxable manner, such as through receipt of dividends or sale of the investments. At December 31, 2012, such undistributed earnings of these subsidiaries were ¥894,850 million.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	2,933		¥	6,035		¥	13,235
Additions for tax positions of the current year		869			149			73
Additions for tax positions of prior years		4,903			431			805
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(1,546	)		(2,139	)		(8,354	)
Settlements with tax authorities		(41	)		(1,264	)		(2,471	)
Additions from acquisitions		—			—			4,066
Other		593			(279	)		(1,319	)
Balance at end of year	¥	7,711		¥	2,933		¥	6,035

The total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits that would reduce the effective tax rate, if recognized, are ¥7,711 million and ¥2,809 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Although Canon believes its estimates and assumptions of unrecognized tax benefits are reasonable, uncertainty regarding the final determination of tax audit settlements and any related litigation could affect the effective tax rate in the future period. Based on each of the items of which Canon is aware at December 31, 2012, no significant changes to the unrecognized tax benefits are expected within the next twelve months.

Canon recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income taxes. Both interest and penalties accrued at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and interest and penalties included in income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are not material.

Canon files income tax returns in Japan and various foreign tax jurisdictions. In Japan, Canon is no longer subject to regular income tax examinations by the tax authority for years before 2012. While there has been no specific indication by the tax authority that Canon will be subject to a transfer pricing examination in the near future, the tax authority could conduct a transfer pricing examination for years after 2003. In other major foreign tax jurisdictions, including the United States and the Netherlands, Canon is no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2006 with few exceptions. The tax authorities are currently conducting income tax examinations of Canon’s income tax returns for years after 2005 in major foreign tax jurisdictions.

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Fair Values of Company's Pension Plans Assets (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012		Dec. 31, 2011		Dec. 31, 2010
Japanese Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	¥ 495,452		¥ 448,736		¥ 460,090
Japanese Plans | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	61,248		60,630
Japanese Plans | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	432,898		386,959
Japanese Plans | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	1,306		1,147
Japanese Plans | Japanese Companies Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	34,387	[1]	37,875	[2]
Japanese Plans | Japanese Companies Equity Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	34,387	[1]	37,875	[2]
Japanese Plans | Foreign Corporate Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	6,560		4,804
Japanese Plans | Foreign Corporate Equity Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	6,560		4,804
Japanese Plans | Corporate Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	8,425		8,170
Japanese Plans | Corporate Bonds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	8,425		8,170
Japanese Plans | Pooled Equity Securities Funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	99,631	[3]	82,380	[4]
Japanese Plans | Pooled Equity Securities Funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	99,631	[3]	82,380	[4]
Japanese Plans | Government Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	20,301	[5]	17,951	[5]
Japanese Plans | Government Bonds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	20,301	[5]	17,951	[5]
Japanese Plans | Municipal Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	1,064		864
Japanese Plans | Municipal Bonds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	1,064		864
Japanese Plans | Pooled Debt Securities Funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	192,386	[6]	190,832	[7]
Japanese Plans | Pooled Debt Securities Funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	192,386	[6]	190,832	[7]
Japanese Plans | Mortgage and Asset Backed Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	8,400		4,842
Japanese Plans | Mortgage and Asset Backed Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	8,400		4,842
Japanese Plans | Other Assets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	11,119		8,318
Japanese Plans | Other Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	9,813		7,171
Japanese Plans | Other Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	1,306		1,147
Japanese Plans | Life Insurance Company General Accounts
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	113,179		92,700
Japanese Plans | Life Insurance Company General Accounts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	113,179		92,700
Foreign Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	249,534		192,033		197,835
Foreign Plans | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	17,494		6,105
Foreign Plans | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	232,040		185,928
Foreign Plans | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	0		0
Foreign Plans | Foreign Corporate Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	13,149		3,779
Foreign Plans | Foreign Corporate Equity Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	13,149		3,779
Foreign Plans | Pooled Equity Securities Funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	60,142	[3]	47,779	[4]
Foreign Plans | Pooled Equity Securities Funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	60,142	[3]	47,779	[4]
Foreign Plans | Government Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	4,345	[5]	2,326	[5]
Foreign Plans | Government Bonds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	4,345	[5]	2,326	[5]
Foreign Plans | Municipal Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	21		19
Foreign Plans | Municipal Bonds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	21		19
Foreign Plans | Pooled Debt Securities Funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	128,647	[6]	92,653	[7]
Foreign Plans | Pooled Debt Securities Funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	128,647	[6]	92,653	[7]
Foreign Plans | Mortgage and Asset Backed Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	236		2,726
Foreign Plans | Mortgage and Asset Backed Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	236		2,726
Foreign Plans | Other Assets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	41,137		42,751
Foreign Plans | Other Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	41,137		42,751
Foreign Plans | Life Insurance Company General Accounts
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	1,857
Foreign Plans | Life Insurance Company General Accounts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of Company's pension plans assets	¥ 1,857

[1] The plan's equity securities include common stock of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries in the amounts of ¥565 million.

[2] The plan's equity securities include common stock of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries in the amounts of ¥1,129 million.

[3] These funds invest in listed equity securities consisting of approximately 20% Japanese companies and 80% foreign companies for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign companies for foreign plans.

[4] These funds invest in listed equity securities consisting of approximately 50% Japanese companies and 50% foreign companies for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign companies for foreign plans.

[5] This class includes approximately 30% Japanese government bonds and 70% foreign government bonds for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign government bonds for foreign plans.

[6] These funds invest in approximately 65% Japanese government bonds, 25% foreign government bonds, 5% Japanese municipal bonds, and 5% corporate bonds for Japanese plans. These funds invest in approximately 30% foreign government bonds and 70% corporate bonds for foreign plans.

[7] These funds invest in approximately 75% Japanese government bonds, 15% foreign government bonds, 5% Japanese municipal bonds, and 5% corporate bonds for Japanese plans. These funds invest in approximately 40% foreign government bonds and 60% corporate bonds for foreign plans.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

8. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Intangible assets subject to amortization acquired during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 totaled ¥34,196 million and ¥35,994 million, which primarily consist of software of ¥33,985 million and ¥33,217 million, respectively. The weighted average amortization periods for intangible assets in total acquired during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are approximately 4 years and 5 years, respectively. The weighted average amortization periods for software acquired during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are approximately 4 years.

The components of intangible assets subject to amortization at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

	December 31, 2012				December 31, 2011
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization
	(Millions of yen)
Software	¥	225,894	¥	131,875	¥	205,235	¥	115,131
Customer relationships		39,615		26,938		34,957		18,724
Patented technologies		25,900		19,028		24,342		13,317
License fees		20,142		14,573		20,425		12,867
Other		22,776		9,382		19,235		6,857
	¥	334,327	¥	201,796	¥	304,194	¥	166,896

Aggregate amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was ¥46,160 million, ¥51,164 million and ¥43,866 million, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets currently held for the next five years ending December 31 is ¥44,409 million in 2013, ¥34,219 million in 2014, ¥20,576 million in 2015, ¥11,822 million in 2016, and ¥6,605 million in 2017.

Intangible assets not subject to amortization other than goodwill at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were not significant.

For management reporting purposes, goodwill is not allocated to the segments. Goodwill has been allocated to its respective segment for impairment testing.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment, which is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

	Year ended December 31, 2012
	Office		Imaging System		Industry and Others		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	102,060	¥	12,088	¥	4,873	¥	119,021
Goodwill acquired during the year		—		—		961		961
Translation adjustments and other		9,288		586		987		10,861
Balance at end of year	¥	111,348	¥	12,674	¥	6,821	¥	130,843

	Year ended December 31, 2011
	Office			Imaging System			Industry and Others			Total
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	107,301		¥	12,386		¥	5,502		¥	125,189
Translation adjustments and other		(5,241	)		(298	)		(629	)		(6,168	)
Balance at end of year	¥	102,060		¥	12,088		¥	4,873		¥	119,021

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Components of Finance Receivables (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Leases Disclosure [Line Items]
Total minimum lease payments receivable	¥ 231,221	¥ 204,326
Unguaranteed residual values	8,863	8,195
Executory costs	(2,598)	(2,275)
Unearned income	(27,521)	(24,955)
Financing Receivable, Gross , Total	209,965	185,291
Less allowance for credit losses	(6,908)	(7,039)	(7,983)
Capital Leases, Net Investment in Direct Financing and Sales Type Leases, Total	203,057	178,252
Less current portion	(74,168)	(66,337)
Capital Leases, Lessor Balance Sheet, Net Investment in Direct Financing and Sales Type Leases, Noncurrent, Total	¥ 128,889	¥ 111,915

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Disclousres about Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Fair Value, Measurement Inputs, Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of consolidated trade receivables accounted by single customer	18.00%	17.00%

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Finance Receivables and Operating Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Finance Receivables and Operating Leases

6. Finance Receivables and Operating Leases

Finance receivables represent financing leases which consist of sales-type leases and direct-financing leases resulting from the sales of Canon’s and complementary third-party products primarily in foreign countries. These receivables typically have terms ranging from 1 year to 8 years. The components of the finance receivables, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, are as follows:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Total minimum lease payments receivable	¥	231,221		¥	204,326
Unguaranteed residual values		8,863			8,195
Executory costs		(2,598	)		(2,275	)
Unearned income		(27,521	)		(24,955	)
		209,965			185,291
Less allowance for credit losses		(6,908	)		(7,039	)
		203,057			178,252
Less current portion		(74,168	)		(66,337	)
	¥	128,889		¥	111,915

The activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	7,039		¥	7,983
Charge-offs		(1,304	)		(1,937	)
Provision		1,922			2,052
Other		(749	)		(1,059	)
Balance at end of year	¥	6,908		¥	7,039

Canon has policies in place to ensure that its products are sold to customers with an appropriate credit history, and continuously monitors its customers’ credit quality based on information including length of period in arrears, macroeconomic conditions, initiation of legal proceedings against customers and bankruptcy filings. The allowance for credit losses of finance receivables are evaluated collectively based on historical experience of credit losses. An additional reserve for individual accounts is recorded when Canon becomes aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings. Finance receivables which are past due or individually evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are not significant.

The cost of equipment leased to customers under operating leases included in property, plant and equipment, net at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was ¥80,186 million and ¥75,391 million, respectively. Accumulated depreciation on equipment under operating leases at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was ¥58,433 million and ¥54,791 million, respectively.

The following is a schedule by year of the future minimum lease payments to be received under financing leases and non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2012.

	Financing leases		Operating leases
	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	89,794	¥	7,073
2014		63,348		4,359
2015		38,983		3,038
2016		19,221		2,195
2017		19,472		1,671
Thereafter		403		4,084
	¥	231,221	¥	22,420

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Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Acquisitions

7. Acquisitions

In March 2010, Canon acquired 45.2% of the total outstanding shares of Océ N.V. (“Océ”), which was listed on NYSE Euronext Amsterdam, principally through a fully self-funded public cash tender offer for consideration of ¥50,374 million, in addition to the 22.9% interest Canon held before the public cash tender offer. In addition, Canon acquired Océ’s convertible cumulative financing preference shares representing 19.1% of the total outstanding shares of Océ for consideration of ¥8,027 million. As a result, Canon’s aggregate interest represented 87.2% of the total outstanding shares of Océ at that time. The fair value of the 12.8% noncontrolling interest in Océ of ¥18,245 million was measured based on the quoted price of Océ’s common stock on the acquisition date. Canon holds 99.4% of Océ’s outstanding shares at December 31, 2012.

The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method. Prior to the March 2010 acquisition date, Canon accounted for its 22.9% interest in Océ using the equity method. The acquisition-date fair value of the previous equity interest of ¥25,508 million was remeasured using the quoted price of Océ’s common stock on the acquisition date and included in the measurement of the total acquisition consideration. In connection with the acquisition, Canon repaid ¥55,378 million of Océ’s existing bank debt and ¥22,936 million of Océ’s existing United States Private Placement notes, which are included in decrease in short-term loans in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

Océ is engaged in research and development, manufacture and sale of document management systems, printing systems for professionals and high-speed, wide format digital printing systems. Canon and Océ have complementary technologies and products and would benefit from this strong business relationship. Amid the increasingly competitive printing industry, Canon is further strengthening its business foundation in order to solidify its position as one of the global leaders. Canon aims to provide diversified solutions to its customers in the printing industry by making Océ a consolidated subsidiary.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at acquisition date.

	(Millions of yen)
Current assets	¥	122,248
Property, plant and equipment		51,156
Intangible assets		56,297
Goodwill		77,253
Other noncurrent assets		42,658
Non-current assets		227,364
Total acquired assets		349,612
Total assumed liabilities		247,458
Net assets acquired	¥	102,154

Intangible assets acquired, which are subject to amortization, consist of customer relationships of ¥32,747 million, patented technologies of ¥11,316 million, and other intangible assets of ¥12,234 million. Canon has estimated the amortization period for the customer relationships and patented technologies to be 5 years and 3 years, respectively. The weighted average amortization period for all intangible assets is approximately 4.4 years.

Goodwill recognized, which is assigned to the Office Business Unit for impairment testing, is attributable primarily to expected synergies from combining operations of Océ and Canon. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

The amount of net sales of Océ included in Canon’s consolidated statement of income from the acquisition date for the year ended December 31, 2010 was ¥246,518 million.

The unaudited pro forma net sales as if Océ had been included in Canon’s consolidated statements of income from the beginning of the year ended December 31, 2010 was ¥3,772,425 million. Pro forma net income was not disclosed because the impact on Canon’s consolidated statements of income was not material.

Canon acquired businesses other than this described above during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010. Such acquisitions were accounted for using the acquisition method but were not material to its consolidated financial statements.

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Short-Term Loans and Long-Term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Short-Term Loans and Long-Term Debt

9. Short-Term Loans and Long-Term Debt

Short-term loans consisting of bank borrowings at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were ¥319 million and ¥4,641 million, respectively. The weighted average interest rates on short-term loans outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 4.00% and 2.72%, respectively.

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Loans, principally from banks, maturing in installments through 2020; bearing weighted average interest of 1.94% and 1.68% at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively	¥	132		¥	1,297
0.75% Japanese yen notes, due 2012		—			1,020
0.84% Japanese yen notes, due 2013		—			156
Capital lease obligations		3,532			4,597
		3,664			7,070
Less current portion		(1,547	)		(3,702	)
	¥	2,117		¥	3,368

The aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2012 were as follows:

	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	1,547
2014		1,199
2015		611
2016		182
2017		91
Thereafter		34
	¥	3,664

Both short-term and long-term bank loans are made under general agreements which provide that security and guarantees for present and future indebtedness will be given upon request of the bank, and that the bank shall have the right to offset cash deposits against obligations that have become due or, in the event of default, against all obligations due to the bank.

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Estimated Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at Acquisition Date (Detail) (Oce NV, JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Mar. 09, 2010
Oce NV
Schedule of Business Acquisitions, Purchase Price Allocation [Line Items]
Current assets	¥ 122,248
Property, plant and equipment	51,156
Intangible assets	56,297
Goodwill	77,253
Other noncurrent assets	42,658
Non-current assets	227,364
Total acquired assets	349,612
Total assumed liabilities	247,458
Net assets acquired	¥ 102,154

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Fair Values of Company's Pension Plans Assets (Parenthetical) (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan, Amount of Employer and Related Party Securities Included in Plan Assets	¥ 565	¥ 1,129
Japanese Plans | Japanese Companies Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets investment allocation	20.00%	50.00%
Japanese Plans | Japanese Government Bond Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets investment allocation	65.00%	75.00%
Japanese Plans | Japanese Government Bond Securities | Total Japanese Government Bond Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets investment allocation	30.00%	30.00%
Japanese Plans | Foreign Government Debt Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets investment allocation	25.00%	15.00%
Japanese Plans | Japanese Municipal Bonds Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets investment allocation	5.00%	5.00%
Japanese Plans | Corporate Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets investment allocation	5.00%	5.00%
Foreign Plans | Foreign Corporate Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets investment allocation	80.00%	50.00%
Foreign Plans | Foreign Government Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets investment allocation	70.00%	70.00%
Foreign Plans | Foreign Government Debt Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets investment allocation	30.00%	40.00%
Foreign Plans | Corporate Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets investment allocation	70.00%	60.00%

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Components of Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	¥ 334,327	¥ 304,194
Accumulated amortization	201,796	166,896
Computer Software, Intangible Asset
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	225,894	205,235
Accumulated amortization	131,875	115,131
Customer Relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	39,615	34,957
Accumulated amortization	26,938	18,724
Patented Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	25,900	24,342
Accumulated amortization	19,028	13,317
License Fees
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	20,142	20,425
Accumulated amortization	14,573	12,867
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	22,776	19,235
Accumulated amortization	¥ 9,382	¥ 6,857

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Contract Amounts of Foreign Exchange Contracts (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Line Items]
To sell foreign currencies	¥ 420,272	¥ 391,455
To buy foreign currencies	¥ 66,563	¥ 75,016

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Acquisitions - Additional Information (Detail) (Oce NV, JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2010	Mar. 09, 2010
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquisition of total outstanding shares			45.20%
Consideration for principally a fully self-funded public cash tender offer			¥ 50,374
Interest held before the public cash tender offer			22.90%
Additional acquisition shares representing certain percentage of total outstanding shares of Acquiree			19.10%
Amount paid additional to acquisition of outstanding shares of subsidiary			8,027
Percentage of the total outstanding shares of Oce represented by the interest	99.40%		87.20%
Noncontrolling interest related to acquired shares of Oce			12.80%
Fair value of noncontrolling interest			18,245
Acquisition-date fair value of the previous equity interest			25,508
Repayment of Oce's exisiting bank debt by Canon			55,378
Repayment of United States Private Placements notes by Canon			22,936
Intangible assets acquired, subject to amortization			56,297
Weighted average amortization period for acquired intangible assets	4 years 4 months 24 days
Amounts of net sales of Oce included in the parent company's consolidated statement of income		246,518
Unaudited pro forma net sales of Oce included in the parent company's consolidated statement of income		3,772,425
Customer Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired, subject to amortization			32,747
Weighted average amortization period for acquired intangible assets	5 years
Patented Technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired, subject to amortization			11,316
Weighted average amortization period for acquired intangible assets	3 years
Other
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired, subject to amortization			¥ 12,234

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Periods Available to Reduce Future Taxable Income (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Within one year	¥ 2,583
After one year through five years	28,470
After five years through ten years	15,803
After ten years through twenty years	44,533
Indefinite period	31,461
Total	¥ 122,850

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Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Inventories

Inventories are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Finished goods	¥	391,194	¥	291,023
Work in process		139,923		166,076
Raw materials		20,506		19,605
	¥	551,623	¥	476,704

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, except Per Share data, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended																		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010	Dec. 31, 2012 Patented Technology	Dec. 31, 2012 Customer Relationships	Dec. 31, 2012 Maximum Software	Dec. 31, 2012 Maximum License Fees	Dec. 31, 2012 Maximum Building	Dec. 31, 2012 Maximum Machinery and Equipment	Dec. 31, 2012 Maximum Assets Leased to Others	Dec. 31, 2012 Minimum	Dec. 31, 2012 Minimum Software	Dec. 31, 2012 Minimum License Fees	Dec. 31, 2012 Minimum Building	Dec. 31, 2012 Minimum Machinery and Equipment	Dec. 31, 2012 Minimum Assets Leased to Others	Dec. 31, 2012 Available-for-sale Securities	Dec. 31, 2011 Available-for-sale Securities	Dec. 31, 2012 Available-for-sale Securities Maximum	Dec. 31, 2011 Available-for-sale Securities Maximum	Dec. 31, 2012 Foreign Country Entity	Dec. 31, 2011 Foreign Country	Dec. 31, 2010 Foreign Country	Dec. 31, 2012 Americas	Dec. 31, 2011 Americas	Dec. 31, 2010 Americas	Dec. 31, 2012 Europe	Dec. 31, 2011 Europe	Dec. 31, 2010 Europe	Dec. 31, 2012 Asia and Oceania	Dec. 31, 2011 Asia and Oceania	Dec. 31, 2010 Asia and Oceania	Dec. 31, 2012 JAPAN Entity	Dec. 31, 2012 Office Business Unit	Dec. 31, 2011 Office Business Unit	Dec. 30, 2010 Office Business Unit	Dec. 31, 2012 Imaging System Business Unit	Dec. 31, 2011 Imaging System Business Unit	Dec. 30, 2010 Imaging System Business Unit	Dec. 31, 2012 Industry and Others Business Unit	Dec. 31, 2011 Industry and Others Business Unit	Dec. 30, 2010 Industry and Others Business Unit	Dec. 31, 2012 Corporate and eliminations	Dec. 31, 2011 Corporate and eliminations	Dec. 30, 2010 Corporate and eliminations	Dec. 31, 2012 Hewlett Packard Company	Dec. 31, 2011 Hewlett Packard Company	Dec. 31, 2010 Hewlett Packard Company
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Net sales Percentage																					79.30%	80.50%	81.20%	27.00%	27.00%	27.60%	29.10%	31.30%	31.60%	23.20%	22.20%	22.00%		50.50%	53.90%	53.60%	40.40%	36.90%	37.50%	11.70%	11.80%	11.70%	2.60%	2.60%	2.80%	17.00%	19.30%	20.10%
Number of manufacturing plants																					17												28
Foreign currency exchange gains and losses	¥ 9,130	¥ (3,287)	¥ 3,089
Cash equivalents																	141,729	204,307
Cash equivalents, maturity period																			3 months	3 months
Depreciation period								60 years	20 years	5 years				3 years	1 year	2 years
Intangible assets, useful life				3 years	5 years	5 years	10 years					3 years	5 years
Benefits from tax positions											50.00%
Change in estimates of net income (loss)	10,785
Increase in basic and diluted net income attributable to Canon Inc.	¥ 9.19
Advertising expenses	83,134	81,232	94,794
Shipping and handling cost	¥ 38,499	¥ 43,308	¥ 56,306

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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

14. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Balance at beginning of year	¥	(378,863	)	¥	(325,612	)	¥	(202,628	)
Adjustments for the year		131,129			(53,251	)		(122,984	)
Balance at end of year		(247,734	)		(378,863	)		(325,612	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Balance at beginning of year		1,003			3,020			3,285
Adjustments for the year		3,143			(2,017	)		(265	)
Balance at end of year		4,146			1,003			3,020
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Balance at beginning of year		455			917			71
Adjustments for the year		(4,917	)		(462	)		846
Balance at end of year		(4,462	)		455			917
Pension liability adjustments:
Balance at beginning of year		(104,368	)		(68,784	)		(61,546	)
Adjustments for the year		(14,831	)		(35,584	)		(7,238	)
Balance at end of year		(119,199	)		(104,368	)		(68,784	)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Balance at beginning of year		(481,773	)		(390,459	)		(260,818	)
Adjustments for the year		114,524			(91,314	)		(129,641	)
Balance at end of year	¥	(367,249	)	¥	(481,773	)	¥	(390,459	)

Tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassification adjustments, including amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, are as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	Before-tax amount			Tax (expense) or benefit			Net-of-tax amount
	(Millions of yen)
2012:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	¥	134,930		¥	(1,195	)	¥	133,735
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Amount arising during the year		3,418			(1,004	)		2,414
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		1,307			(456	)		851
Net change during the year		4,725			(1,460	)		3,265
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Amount arising during the year		(10,647	)		4,041			(6,606	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		2,440			(714	)		1,726
Net change during the year		(8,207	)		3,327			(4,880	)
Pension liability adjustments:
Amount arising during the year		(13,888	)		(1,738	)		(15,626	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		4,433			(1,594	)		2,839
Net change during the year		(9,455	)		(3,332	)		(12,787	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	¥	121,993		¥	(2,660	)	¥	119,333
2011:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	¥	(53,839	)	¥	(247	)	¥	(54,086	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Amount arising during the year		(7,571	)		3,010			(4,561	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		4,077			(1,632	)		2,445
Net change during the year		(3,494	)		1,378			(2,116	)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Amount arising during the year		4,221			(1,708	)		2,513
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		(5,006	)		2,044			(2,962	)
Net change during the year		(785	)		336			(449	)
Pension liability adjustments:
Amount arising during the year		(59,928	)		20,252			(39,676	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		2,038			(739	)		1,299
Net change during the year		(57,890	)		19,513			(38,377	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	¥	(116,008	)	¥	20,980		¥	(95,028	)
2010:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	¥	(128,271	)	¥	1,353		¥	(126,918	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Amount arising during the year		(2,179	)		671			(1,508	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		1,320			42			1,362
Net change during the year		(859	)		713			(146	)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Amount arising during the year		8,409			(3,573	)		4,836
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		(6,990	)		2,921			(4,069	)
Net change during the year		1,419			(652	)		767
Pension liability adjustments:
Amount arising during the year		(19,170	)		8,314			(10,856	)
Reclassification adjustments for gains and losses realized in net income		2,323			(794	)		1,529
Net change during the year		(16,847	)		7,520			(9,327	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	¥	(144,558	)	¥	8,934		¥	(135,624	)

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Segment Information - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012 Segment	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Operating business segments	3
Minimum sales as a percentage of net consolidated sales to conduct business in any individual country	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Net sales	¥ 3,479,788	¥ 3,557,433	¥ 3,706,901
UNITED STATES
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Net sales	¥ 763,870	¥ 779,652	¥ 836,645

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Disclosures about the Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Disclosures about the Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk

19. Disclosures about the Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk

Fair value of financial instruments

The estimated fair values of Canon’s financial instruments at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are set forth below. The following summary excludes cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, finance receivables, noncurrent receivables, short-term loans, trade payables and accrued expenses for which fair values approximate their carrying amounts. The summary also excludes investments which are disclosed in Note 2.

	December 31
	2012						2011
	Carrying amount			Estimated fair value			Carrying amount			Estimated fair value
	(Millions of yen)
Long-term debt, including current installments	¥	(3,664	)	¥	(3,654	)	¥	(7,070	)	¥	(7,053	)
Foreign exchange contracts:
Assets		831			831			4,718			4,718
Liabilities		(25,493	)		(25,493	)		(2,610	)		(2,610	)

The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value in the above table.

Long-term debt

Canon’s long-term debt instruments are classified as Level 2 instruments and valued based on the present value of future cash flows associated with each instrument discounted using current market borrowing rates for similar debt instruments of comparable maturity. The levels are more fully described in Note 20.

Foreign exchange contracts

The fair values of foreign exchange contracts are measured based on the market price obtained from financial institutions.

Limitations of fair value estimates

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instruments. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Concentrations of credit risk

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, one customer accounted for approximately 18% and 17% of consolidated trade receivables, respectively. Although Canon does not expect that the customer will fail to meet its obligations, Canon is potentially exposed to concentrations of credit risk if the customer failed to perform according to the terms of the contracts.

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Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Balance at beginning of year	¥ (378,863)	¥ (325,612)	¥ (202,628)
Adjustments for the year	131,129	(53,251)	(122,984)
Balance at end of year	(247,734)	(378,863)	(325,612)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities:
Balance at beginning of year	1,003	3,020	3,285
Adjustments for the year	3,143	(2,017)	(265)
Balance at end of year	4,146	1,003	3,020
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments:
Balance at beginning of year	455	917	71
Adjustments for the year	(4,917)	(462)	846
Balance at end of year	(4,462)	455	917
Pension liability adjustments:
Balance at beginning of year	(104,368)	(68,784)	(61,546)
Adjustments for the year	(14,831)	(35,584)	(7,238)
Balance at end of year	(119,199)	(104,368)	(68,784)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Balance at beginning of year	(481,773)	(390,459)	(260,818)
Adjustments for the year	114,524	(91,314)	(129,641)
Balance at end of year	¥ (367,249)	¥ (481,773)	¥ (390,459)

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following tables present Canon’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consistent with the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

	December 31, 2012
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	¥	—	¥	141,729	¥	—	¥	141,729
Available-for-sale (current):
Corporate bonds		30		—		—		30
Available-for-sale (noncurrent):
Government bonds		181		—		—		181
Corporate bonds		—		116		444		560
Fund trusts		159		1,075		—		1,234
Equity securities		21,335		—		—		21,335
Derivatives		—		831		—		831
Total assets	¥	21,705	¥	143,751	¥	444	¥	165,900
Liabilities:
Derivatives	¥	—	¥	25,493	¥	—	¥	25,493
Total liabilities	¥	—	¥	25,493	¥	—	¥	25,493

	December 31, 2011
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	¥	—	¥	204,307	¥	—	¥	204,307
Available-for-sale (current):
Corporate bonds		20		—		—		20
Available-for-sale (noncurrent):
Government bonds		150		—		—		150
Corporate bonds		—		104		454		558
Fund trusts		151		1,675		—		1,826
Equity securities		17,724		—		—		17,724
Derivatives		—		4,718		—		4,718
Total assets	¥	18,045	¥	210,804	¥	454	¥	229,303
Liabilities:
Derivatives	¥	—	¥	2,610	¥	—	¥	2,610
Total liabilities	¥	—	¥	2,610	¥	—	¥	2,610

Changes in Level 3 Assets Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 assets measured on a recurring basis, consisting primarily of corporate bonds, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	454		¥	1,950
Total gains or losses (realized or unrealized):
Included in earnings		3			(2	)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		2			(12	)
Purchases, issuances, and settlements		(15	)		(1,482	)
Balance at end of year	¥	444		¥	454

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Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Detail) (Not Designated as Hedging Instrument, Foreign Exchange Contract, Other Nonoperating Income Expense, JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contract | Other Nonoperating Income Expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivative	¥ (30,602)	¥ 11,168	¥ 50,794

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Employee Retirement and Severance Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Benefit Obligations and Fair Value of Plan Assets

Reconciliations of beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligations and the fair value of the plan assets are as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	December 31						December 31
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligations at beginning of year	¥	626,924		¥	593,274		¥	262,130		¥	261,130
Service cost		25,738			25,875			5,884			5,756
Interest cost		11,788			12,354			13,176			12,748
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			2,315			2,680
Amendments		—			(1,913	)		—			—
Actuarial loss		6,049			14,845			45,145			3,872
Benefits paid		(18,979	)		(17,511	)		(10,407	)		(8,234	)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			46,366			(15,822	)
Benefit obligations at end of year		651,520			626,924			364,609			262,130
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		448,736			460,090			192,033			197,835
Actual return on plan assets		41,593			(17,285	)		25,290			2,335
Employer contributions		22,589			22,282			7,832			8,228
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			2,315			2,680
Benefits paid		(17,466	)		(16,351	)		(9,825	)		(8,201	)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			31,889			(10,844	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		495,452			448,736			249,534			192,033
Funded status at end of year	¥	(156,068	)	¥	(178,188	)	¥	(115,075	)	¥	(70,097	)

Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	December 31						December 31
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Other assets	¥	—		¥	54		¥	1,371		¥	1,397
Accrued expenses		—			—			(383	)		(132	)
Accrued pension and severance cost		(156,068	)		(178,242	)		(116,063	)		(71,362	)
	¥	(156,068	)	¥	(178,188	)	¥	(115,075	)	¥	(70,097	)

Recognized Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2012 and 2011 before the effect of income taxes are as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	December 31						December 31
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Actuarial loss	¥	253,748		¥	291,778		¥	50,417		¥	16,095
Prior service credit		(117,633	)		(130,712	)		(261	)		(345	)
	¥	136,115		¥	161,066		¥	50,156		¥	15,750

Accumulated Benefit Obligation for All Defined Benefit Plans

The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit plans was as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	December 31				December 31
	2012		2011		2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Accumulated benefit obligation	¥	620,589	¥	595,689	¥	328,736	¥	238,675

Plans with Projected Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets and Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets

The projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets, and the accumulated benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets are as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	December 31				December 31
	2012		2011		2012		2011
	(Millions of yen)
Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Projected benefit obligations	¥	651,520	¥	622,645	¥	360,742	¥	259,517
Fair value of plan assets		495,452		444,403		244,296		188,023
Plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Accumulated benefit obligations	¥	615,551	¥	591,830	¥	324,869	¥	160,941
Fair value of plan assets		489,929		444,403		244,296		111,527

Net Periodic Benefit Cost for Employee Retirement and Severance Defined Benefit Plans

Net periodic benefit cost for Canon’s employee retirement and severance defined benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 consisted of the following components:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Years ended December 31									Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Service cost	¥	25,738		¥	25,875		¥	23,331		¥	5,884		¥	5,756		¥	5,660
Interest cost		11,788			12,354			12,636			13,176			12,748			11,792
Expected return on plan assets		(13,791	)		(16,485	)		(16,591	)		(11,806	)		(12,112	)		(10,540	)
Amortization of net transition obligation		—			722			722			—			—			—
Amortization of prior service credit		(13,079	)		(13,674	)		(13,878	)		(116	)		(93	)		(116	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		16,277			14,462			14,545			1,351			621			1,050
	¥	26,933		¥	23,254		¥	20,765		¥	8,489		¥	6,920		¥	7,846

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are summarized as follows:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Years ended December 31									Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010
	(Millions of yen)
Current year actuarial (gain) loss	¥	(21,753	)	¥	48,615		¥	34,348		¥	31,661		¥	13,649		¥	(14,713	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		(16,277	)		(14,462	)		(14,545	)		(1,351	)		(621	)		(1,050	)
Prior service credit due to amendments		—			(1,913	)		(423	)		—			—			(149	)
Amortization of prior service credit		13,079			13,674			13,878			116			93			116
Amortization of net transition obligation		—			(722	)		(722	)		—			—			—
	¥	(24,951	)	¥	45,192		¥	32,536		¥	30,426		¥	13,121		¥	(15,796	)

Summary of Estimated Defined Benefit Pension Plans Amortized from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Next Year Benefit Cost

The estimated prior service credit and actuarial loss for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit cost over the next year are summarized as follows:

	Japanese plans			Foreign plans
	(Millions of yen)
Prior service credit	¥	(13,070	)	¥	(124	)
Actuarial loss		14,414			1,413

Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations are as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	December 31				December 31
	2012		2011		2012		2011
Discount rate		1.8%		1.9%		3.6%		4.6%
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels		3.0%		3.0%		2.2%		2.4%

Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Years ended December 31									Years ended December 31
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010
Discount rate		1.9	%		2.1	%		2.3	%		4.6	%		4.9	%		4.9	%
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels		3.0	%		3.0	%		3.0	%		2.4	%		2.9	%		2.8	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets		3.1	%		3.6	%		3.6	%		5.4	%		5.7	%		6.1	%

Fair Values of Company's Pension Plans Assets

The fair values of Canon’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2012 and 2011, by asset category, are as follows:

	December 31, 2012
	Japanese plans								Foreign plans
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Equity securities:
Japanese companies (a)	¥	34,387	¥	—	¥	—	¥	34,387	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—
Foreign companies		6,560		—		—		6,560		13,149		—		—		13,149
Pooled funds (b)		—		99,631		—		99,631		—		60,142		—		60,142
Debt securities:
Government bonds (c)		20,301		—		—		20,301		4,345		—		—		4,345
Municipal bonds		—		1,064		—		1,064		—		21		—		21
Corporate bonds		—		8,425		—		8,425		—		—		—		—
Pooled funds (d)		—		192,386		—		192,386		—		128,647		—		128,647
Mortgage backed securities (and other asset backed securities)		—		8,400		—		8,400		—		236		—		236
Life insurance company general accounts		—		113,179		—		113,179		—		1,857		—		1,857
Other assets		—		9,813		1,306		11,119		—		41,137		—		41,137
	¥	61,248	¥	432,898	¥	1,306	¥	495,452	¥	17,494	¥	232,040	¥	—	¥	249,534

	December 31, 2011
	Japanese plans								Foreign plans
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Equity securities:
Japanese companies (e)	¥	37,875	¥	—	¥	—	¥	37,875	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—	¥	—
Foreign companies		4,804		—		—		4,804		3,779		—		—		3,779
Pooled funds (f)		—		82,380		—		82,380		—		47,779		—		47,779
Debt securities:
Government bonds (g)		17,951		—		—		17,951		2,326		—		—		2,326
Municipal bonds		—		864		—		864		—		19		—		19
Corporate bonds		—		8,170		—		8,170		—		—		—		—
Pooled funds (h)		—		190,832		—		190,832		—		92,653		—		92,653
Mortgage backed securities (and other asset backed securities)		—		4,842		—		4,842		—		2,726		—		2,726
Life insurance company general accounts		—		92,700		—		92,700		—		—		—		—
Other assets		—		7,171		1,147		8,318		—		42,751		—		42,751
	¥	60,630	¥	386,959	¥	1,147	¥	448,736	¥	6,105	¥	185,928	¥	—	¥	192,033

(a) The plan’s equity securities include common stock of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries in the amounts of ¥565 million.

(b) These funds invest in listed equity securities consisting of approximately 20% Japanese companies and 80% foreign companies for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign companies for foreign plans.

(c) This class includes approximately 30% Japanese government bonds and 70% foreign government bonds for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign government bonds for foreign plans.

(d) These funds invest in approximately 65% Japanese government bonds, 25% foreign government bonds, 5% Japanese municipal bonds, and 5% corporate bonds for Japanese plans. These funds invest in approximately 30% foreign government bonds and 70% corporate bonds for foreign plans.

(e) The plan’s equity securities include common stock of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries in the amounts of ¥1,129 million.

(f) These funds invest in listed equity securities consisting of approximately 50% Japanese companies and 50% foreign companies for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign companies for foreign plans.

(g) This class includes approximately 30% Japanese government bonds and 70% foreign government bonds for Japanese plans, and mainly foreign government bonds for foreign plans.

(h) These funds invest in approximately 75% Japanese government bonds, 15% foreign government bonds, 5% Japanese municipal bonds, and 5% corporate bonds for Japanese plans. These funds invest in approximately 40% foreign government bonds and 60% corporate bonds for foreign plans.

Benefit Payments, Reflect Expected Future Service

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

	Japanese plans		Foreign plans
	(Millions of yen)
Year ending December 31:
2013	¥	15,961	¥	8,954
2014		16,947		8,876
2015		18,765		9,094
2016		20,524		9,792
2017		21,970		10,467
2018 – 2022		141,232		61,438

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Future Minimum Lease Payments Required Under Noncancelable Operating Leases (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012
Schedule of Operating Leases [Line Items]
2013	¥ 25,101
2014	16,512
2015	11,296
2016	7,529
2017	5,623
Thereafter	9,746
Total future minimum lease payments	¥ 75,807

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Consolidated net income	¥ 232,445	¥ 254,109	¥ 252,703
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	133,735	(54,086)	(126,918)
Net unrealized gains and losses on securities	3,265	(2,116)	(146)
Net gains and losses on derivative instruments	(4,880)	(449)	767
Pension liability adjustments	(12,787)	(38,377)	(9,327)
Other comprehensive income (loss), Net-of-tax amount	119,333	(95,028)	(135,624)
Comprehensive income (Note 14)	351,778	159,081	117,079
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	10,824	1,765	(563)
Comprehensive income attributable to Canon Inc.	¥ 340,954	¥ 157,316	¥ 117,642

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended			1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010	Nov. 30, 2011 January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015	Nov. 30, 2011 January 1, 2016 thereafter	Dec. 31, 2011 Reduction in Taxes
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Japanese statutory income tax rate	40.00%	40.00%	40.00%	38.00%	35.00%
Adjustments of deferred tax assets and liabilities for tax rate						¥ 6,599
Net increase (decrease) in the total valuation allowance	(1,621)	(1,519)	13,119
Net operating losses which can be carried forward for income tax purposes to reduce future taxable income	122,850
Deferred tax liabilities not recognized for a portion of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries	22,604
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries for which tax liabilities were not recognized earlier	894,850
Total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits that would reduce the effective tax rate, if recognized	¥ 7,711	¥ 2,809

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Trade Receivables

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Trade Receivables

3. Trade Receivables

Trade receivables are summarized as follows:

	December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Notes	¥	17,207		¥	16,739
Accounts		569,138			528,032
		586,345			544,771
Less allowance for doubtful receivables		(12,970	)		(11,563	)
	¥	573,375		¥	533,208

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Property, Plant and Equipment - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Property, Plant, and Equipment Disclosure [Line Items]
Depreciation expense	¥ 211,973	¥ 210,179	¥ 232,327
Amount due for purchase of property, plant and equipment	¥ 38,893	¥ 47,690

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Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Japanese Plans
Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs Weighted Average Assumptions [Line Items]
Discount rate	1.80%	1.90%
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels	3.00%	3.00%
Foreign Plans
Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs Weighted Average Assumptions [Line Items]
Discount rate	3.60%	4.60%
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels	2.20%	2.40%

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Additional Information (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Deposits made under lease arrangements included in noncurrent receivables	¥ 13,313	¥ 14,171
Rental expenses under the operating lease arrangements	40,273	38,167	40,396
Maximum amount of undiscounted payments in case of default	13,333
Employees with Housing Loan | Minimum
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Guarantee contract period	1 year
Employees with Housing Loan | Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Guarantee contract period	30 years
Affiliates and Other Companies | Minimum
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Guarantee contract period	1 year
Affiliates and Other Companies | Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Guarantee contract period	10 years
Purchase of Property, Plant and Equipment
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Commitments outstanding	39,520
Purchase of Parts and Raw Materials
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Commitments outstanding	¥ 65,311

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Long-Term Debt (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Debt Outstanding [Line Items]
Loans, principally from banks, maturing in installments through 2020; bearing weighted average interest of 1.94% and 1.68% at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively	¥ 132	¥ 1,297
Capital lease obligations	3,532	4,597
Long-term debt, including current installments	3,664	7,070
Less current portion	(1,547)	(3,702)
Long-term debt, excluding current installments (Note 9)	2,117	3,368
0.75% Japanese Yen Notes, Due 2012
Debt Outstanding [Line Items]
Long-term debt		1,020
0.84% Japanese Yen Notes, Due 2013
Debt Outstanding [Line Items]
Long-term debt		¥ 156

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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Fair Value Measurements

20. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value is as follows:

Level 1	—	Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2	—	Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3	—	Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable, which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in establishing a price.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following tables present Canon’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consistent with the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

	December 31, 2012
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	¥	—	¥	141,729	¥	—	¥	141,729
Available-for-sale (current):
Corporate bonds		30		—		—		30
Available-for-sale (noncurrent):
Government bonds		181		—		—		181
Corporate bonds		—		116		444		560
Fund trusts		159		1,075		—		1,234
Equity securities		21,335		—		—		21,335
Derivatives		—		831		—		831
Total assets	¥	21,705	¥	143,751	¥	444	¥	165,900
Liabilities:
Derivatives	¥	—	¥	25,493	¥	—	¥	25,493
Total liabilities	¥	—	¥	25,493	¥	—	¥	25,493

	December 31, 2011
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	¥	—	¥	204,307	¥	—	¥	204,307
Available-for-sale (current):
Corporate bonds		20		—		—		20
Available-for-sale (noncurrent):
Government bonds		150		—		—		150
Corporate bonds		—		104		454		558
Fund trusts		151		1,675		—		1,826
Equity securities		17,724		—		—		17,724
Derivatives		—		4,718		—		4,718
Total assets	¥	18,045	¥	210,804	¥	454	¥	229,303
Liabilities:
Derivatives	¥	—	¥	2,610	¥	—	¥	2,610
Total liabilities	¥	—	¥	2,610	¥	—	¥	2,610

Level 1 investments are comprised principally of Japanese equity securities, which are valued using an unadjusted quoted market price in active markets with sufficient volume and frequency of transactions. Level 2 cash and cash equivalents are valued based on market approach, using quoted prices for identical assets in markets that are not active. Level 3 investments are mainly comprised of corporate bonds, which are valued based on cost approach, using unobservable inputs as the market for the assets was not active at the measurement date.

Derivative financial instruments are comprised of foreign exchange contracts. Level 2 derivatives are valued using quotes obtained from counterparties or third parties, which are periodically validated by pricing models using observable market inputs, such as foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, based on market approach.

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 assets measured on a recurring basis, consisting primarily of corporate bonds, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

	Years ended December 31
	2012			2011
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	454		¥	1,950
Total gains or losses (realized or unrealized):
Included in earnings		3			(2	)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		2			(12	)
Purchases, issuances, and settlements		(15	)		(1,482	)
Balance at end of year	¥	444		¥	454

Gains and losses included in earnings are mainly related to corporate bonds still held at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and are reported in “Other, net” in the consolidated statements of income.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

During the year ended December 31, 2012, there were no circumstances that required any significant assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, equity securities accounted for by the equity method with a carrying amount of ¥3,577 million were written down to their fair value of zero, resulting in an other-than-temporary impairment charge of ¥3,577 million, which was included in earnings. Equity securities accounted for by the equity method were classified as Level 3 instruments and valued based on an income approach using unobservable inputs such as projected income of the investment.

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Information by Major Geographic Area (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Net sales:
Net sales	¥ 3,479,788	¥ 3,557,433	¥ 3,706,901
Operating Segments
Net sales:
Net sales	3,479,788	3,557,433	3,706,901
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	1,396,100	1,328,866	1,354,989
Domestic Country
Net sales:
Net sales	2,664,240	2,681,040	2,828,799
Domestic Country | Operating Segments
Net sales:
Net sales	720,286	694,450	695,749
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets, domestic country	1,032,598	1,070,412	1,104,949
Americas
Net sales:
Net sales	956,754	969,050	1,016,175
Americas | Operating Segments
Net sales:
Net sales	939,873	961,955	1,023,299
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets, foreign country	112,163	85,824	69,034
Europe
Net sales:
Net sales	1,016,572	1,113,937	1,166,941
Europe | Operating Segments
Net sales:
Net sales	1,014,038	1,113,065	1,172,474
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets, foreign country	91,904	83,296	108,160
Asia and Oceania
Net sales:
Net sales	1,483,309	1,431,640	1,404,464
Asia and Oceania | Operating Segments
Net sales:
Net sales	805,591	787,963	815,379
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets, foreign country	¥ 159,435	¥ 89,334	¥ 72,846

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Reconciliations of Beginning and Ending Balances of Benefit Obligations and Fair Value of Plan Assets (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Japanese Plans
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligations at beginning of year	¥ 626,924	¥ 593,274
Service cost	25,738	25,875	23,331
Interest cost	11,788	12,354	12,636
Amendments		(1,913)
Actuarial (gain) loss	6,049	14,845
Benefits paid	(18,979)	(17,511)
Benefit obligations at end of year	651,520	626,924	593,274
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	448,736	460,090
Actual return on plan assets	41,593	(17,285)
Employer contributions	22,589	22,282
Benefits paid	(17,466)	(16,351)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	495,452	448,736	460,090
Funded status at end of year	(156,068)	(178,188)
Foreign Plans
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligations at beginning of year	262,130	261,130
Service cost	5,884	5,756	5,660
Interest cost	13,176	12,748	11,792
Plan participants' contributions	2,315	2,680
Actuarial (gain) loss	45,145	3,872
Benefits paid	(10,407)	(8,234)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	46,366	(15,822)
Benefit obligations at end of year	364,609	262,130	261,130
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	192,033	197,835
Actual return on plan assets	25,290	2,335
Employer contributions	7,832	8,228
Plan participants' contributions	2,315	2,680
Benefits paid	(9,825)	(8,201)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	31,889	(10,844)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	249,534	192,033	197,835
Funded status at end of year	¥ (115,075)	¥ (70,097)

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Components of Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization

The components of intangible assets subject to amortization at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

	December 31, 2012				December 31, 2011
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization
	(Millions of yen)
Software	¥	225,894	¥	131,875	¥	205,235	¥	115,131
Customer relationships		39,615		26,938		34,957		18,724
Patented technologies		25,900		19,028		24,342		13,317
License fees		20,142		14,573		20,425		12,867
Other		22,776		9,382		19,235		6,857
	¥	334,327	¥	201,796	¥	304,194	¥	166,896

Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment, which is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

	Year ended December 31, 2012
	Office		Imaging System		Industry and Others		Total
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	102,060	¥	12,088	¥	4,873	¥	119,021
Goodwill acquired during the year		—		—		961		961
Translation adjustments and other		9,288		586		987		10,861
Balance at end of year	¥	111,348	¥	12,674	¥	6,821	¥	130,843

	Year ended December 31, 2011
	Office			Imaging System			Industry and Others			Total
	(Millions of yen)
Balance at beginning of year	¥	107,301		¥	12,386		¥	5,502		¥	125,189
Translation adjustments and other		(5,241	)		(298	)		(629	)		(6,168	)
Balance at end of year	¥	102,060		¥	12,088		¥	4,873		¥	119,021

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Legal Reserve and Retained Earnings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Legal Reserve and Retained Earnings

13. Legal Reserve and Retained Earnings

The Corporation Law of Japan provides that an amount equal to 10% of distributions from retained earnings paid by the Company and its Japanese subsidiaries be appropriated as a legal reserve. No further appropriations are required when the total amount of the additional paid-in capital and the legal reserve equals 25% of their respective stated capital. The Corporation Law of Japan also provides that additional paid-in capital and legal reserve are available for appropriations by the resolution of the stockholders. Certain foreign subsidiaries are also required to appropriate their earnings to legal reserves under the laws of the respective countries.

Cash dividends and appropriations to the legal reserve charged to retained earnings for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 represent dividends paid out during those years and the related appropriations to the legal reserve. Retained earnings at December 31, 2012 did not reflect current year-end dividends in the amount of ¥80,695 million which were approved by the stockholders in March 2013.

The amount available for dividends under the Corporation Law of Japan is based on the amount recorded in the Company’s nonconsolidated books of account in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards of Japan. Such amount was ¥1,090,834 million at December 31, 2012.

Retained earnings at December 31, 2012 included Canon’s equity in undistributed earnings of affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method in the amount of ¥17,094 million.

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Reconciliation of Numerators and Denominators of Basic and Diluted Net Income Attributable to Canon Inc. Stockholders Per Share Computations (Detail) (JPY ¥) In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Net income attributable to Canon Inc.	¥ 224,564	¥ 248,630	¥ 246,603
Average common shares outstanding	1,173,647,835	1,215,832,419	1,234,817,434
Stock options	20,574	60,552	50,603
Diluted common shares outstanding	1,173,668,409	1,215,892,971	1,234,868,037
Net income attributable to Canon Inc. stockholders per share:
Basic	¥ 191.34	¥ 204.49	¥ 199.71
Diluted	¥ 191.34	¥ 204.48	¥ 199.70