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Deferred income tax
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred income tax  
Deferred income tax

11. Deferred income tax

The movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year was as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

Assets

    

Liabilities

    

Total

 

 

$m

 

$m

 

$m

At January 1, 2016

 

432

 

(729)

 

(297)

Acquisition (Note 22)

 

81

 

(243)

 

(162)

(Charged)/credited to the income statement (Note 6)

 

(46)

 

29

 

(17)

Credited/(charged) to other comprehensive income

 

20

 

(6)

 

14

Reclassification

 

 3

 

(3)

 

 —

Exchange

 

(21)

 

24

 

 3

At December 31, 2016

 

469

 

(928)

 

(459)

(Charged)/credited to the income statement (Note 6)

 

(67)

 

207

 

140

(Charged)/credited to other comprehensive income

 

(6)

 

 1

 

(5)

Reclassification

 

 4

 

(4)

 

 —

Exchange

 

28

 

(66)

 

(38)

At December 31, 2017

 

428

 

(790)

 

(362)

 

The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

At December 31,

 

    

2017

    

2016

 

 

$m

 

$m

Tax losses

 

34

 

34

Employee benefit obligations

 

187

 

181

Depreciation timing differences

 

90

 

86

Provisions

 

70

 

99

Other

 

47

 

69

 

 

428

 

469

Available for offset

 

(207)

 

(196)

Deferred tax assets

 

221

 

273

Intangible assets

 

(395)

 

(508)

Accelerated depreciation and other fair value adjustments

 

(369)

 

(378)

Other

 

(26)

 

(42)

 

 

(790)

 

(928)

Available for offset

 

207

 

196

Deferred tax liabilities

 

(583)

 

(732)

 

The tax credit/(charge) recognized in the consolidated income statement is analyzed as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

    

$m

    

$m

    

$m

Tax losses

 

(2)

 

(3)

 

(19)

Employee benefit obligations

 

(21)

 

(13)

 

14

Depreciation timing differences

 

(6)

 

(13)

 

(2)

Provisions

 

(26)

 

 —

 

(8)

Other deferred tax assets

 

(12)

 

(17)

 

21

Intangible assets

 

155

 

42

 

33

Accelerated depreciation and other fair value adjustments

 

29

 

(4)

 

19

Other deferred tax liabilities

 

23

 

(9)

 

(9)

 

 

140

 

(17)

 

49

 

Deferred tax assets are only recognized on tax loss carry‑forwards to the extent that the realization of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits is probable based on management’s forecasts. The Group did not recognize deferred tax assets of $62 million (2016: $45 million) in respect of tax losses amounting to $373 million (2016: $235 million) that can be carried forward against future taxable income due to uncertainty regarding their utilization. In addition, the Group did not recognize deferred tax assets of $50 million (2016: $74 million) in respect of capital losses amounting to $239 million (2016: $212 million) that can be carried forward against future taxable income due to uncertainty regarding their utilization.

No provision has been made for temporary differences applicable to investments in subsidiaries as the Group is in a position to control the timing of reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Given that exemptions and tax credits would be available in the context of the Group’s investments in subsidiaries in the majority of jurisdictions in which it operates, the aggregate amount of temporary differences in respect of which deferred tax liabilities have not been recognized would not be material.