10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from           to

Commission File Number: 001-38090

SOLARIS OILFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	81-5223109
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9651 Katy Freeway, Suite 300 Houston, Texas	77024
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip code)

(281) 501-3070

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

9811 Katy Freeway, Suite 700, Houston, Texas 77024

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value	“SOI”	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 25, 2023, the registrant had 30,581,265 shares of Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 13,671,971 shares of Class B common stock, $0.00 par value per share, outstanding.

SOLARIS OILFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements		1
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	26
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	26
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION		28
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	28
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	28
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	29
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	29
Item 5.	Other Information	29
Item 6.	Exhibits	30
SIGNATURES		31

i

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions or that include the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate” and other expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and that do not relate to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements include statements about our business strategy, our industry, our future profitability, our expected capital expenditures and the impact of such expenditures on our performance, management changes, current and potential future long-term contracts, the costs of being a publicly traded corporation, our capital programs and our future business and financial performance. In addition, our forward-looking statements address the various risks and uncertainties associated with extraordinary market environments and the expected impact on our businesses, results of operations, and earnings.

A forward-looking statement may include a statement of the assumptions or bases underlying the forward-looking statement. We believe that we have chosen these assumptions or bases in good faith and that they are reasonable. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. You should also understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors and should not consider the following list to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by such forward-looking statements include:

● the level of domestic capital spending and access to capital markets by the oil and natural gas industry and uncertainty regarding the future actions of oil producers, including the members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and Russia;

● developments and uncertainty in the global economy and the resulting impacts to the demand and supply for crude oil and natural gas or volatility of oil and natural gas prices, and therefore the demand for the services we provide and the commercial opportunities available to us;

● geopolitical risks, including the war in Ukraine and the conflict in Israel-Gaza region and continued hostilities in the Middle East which could each affect the stability and continued recovery of oil and gas markets;

● consolidation amongst current or potential customers that could affect demand for our products and services;

● inflationary risks, rising interest rates, central bank policy, bank failures and associated liquidity risks and supply chain constraints, including changes in market price and availability of materials and labor;

● significant changes in the transportation industries or fluctuations in transportation costs or the availability or reliability of transportation that service our business;

● large or multiple customer defaults, including defaults resulting from actual or potential insolvencies;

● technological advancements in well completion technologies and our ability to expand our product and service offerings;

● competitive conditions in our industry;

● inability to fully protect our intellectual property rights;

● actions taken by our customers, competitors and third-party operators;

● changes in the availability and cost of capital;

● our ability to successfully implement our business strategy;

1

● increases in tax rates or the enactment of taxes that specifically impact exploration and production related operations resulting in an increase in the amount of taxes owed by us;

● the effects of existing and future laws, rulings, governmental regulations and accounting standards and statements (or the interpretation thereof) on us and our customers;

● cyber-attacks targeting systems and infrastructure used by the oil and natural gas industry;

● the effects of future litigation;

● credit markets;

● business acquisitions;

● natural or man-made disasters and other external events that may disrupt our manufacturing operations;

● uncertainty regarding our future operating results; and

● plans, objectives, expectations and intentions contained in this Quarterly Report that are not historical.

All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Although forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs at the time they are made, forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the factors described under Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, this Quarterly Report and in our other filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise, unless required by law.

2

PART 1: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1:     Financial Statements

SOLARIS OILFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,451	$	8,835
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for credit losses of $316 and $385, respectively		48,295		64,543
Accounts receivable - related party		7,065		4,925
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		5,633		5,151
Inventories		7,447		5,289
Assets held for sale		3,000		—
Total current assets		74,891		88,743
Property, plant and equipment, net		327,427		298,160
Non-current inventories		1,856		1,569
Operating lease right-of-use assets		12,773		4,033
Goodwill		13,004		13,004
Intangible assets, net		884		1,429
Deferred tax assets		49,398		55,370
Other assets		275		268
Total assets	$	480,508	$	462,576
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	20,053	$	25,934
Accrued liabilities		18,002		25,252
Current portion of payables related to Tax Receivable Agreement		—		1,092
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		1,599		917
Current portion of finance lease liabilities		2,429		1,924
Other current liabilities		822		790
Total current liabilities		42,905		55,909
Operating lease liabilities, net of current		13,197		6,212
Borrowings under the credit agreement		37,000		8,000
Finance lease liabilities, net of current		3,029		3,429
Payables related to Tax Receivable Agreement		71,530		71,530
Other long-term liabilities		120		367
Total liabilities		167,781		145,447
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding		—		—
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 600,000 shares authorized, 29,052 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and 31,641 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022		291		317
Class B common stock, $0.00 par value, 180,000 shares authorized, 13,674 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—		—
Additional paid-in capital		187,700		202,551
Retained earnings		16,811		12,847
Total stockholders' equity attributable to Solaris		204,802		215,715
Non-controlling interest		107,925		101,414
Total stockholders' equity		312,727		317,129
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	480,508	$	462,576

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

SOLARIS OILFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue		64,427		89,376		212,180		222,342
Revenue - related parties		5,249		2,949		17,420		13,609
Total revenue		69,676		92,325		229,600		235,951
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of services (excluding depreciation)		42,102		64,171		140,977		163,079
Depreciation and amortization		9,179		7,716		26,667		21,777
Property tax contingency		—		—		—		3,072
Selling, general and administrative		6,359		5,929		19,722		17,202
Impairment of fixed assets		1,423		—		1,423		—
Other operating (income)/expense, net		613		524		150		(899)
Total operating costs and expenses		59,676		78,340		188,939		204,231
Operating income		10,000		13,985		40,661		31,720
Interest expense, net		(1,057)		(141)		(2,395)		(308)
Total other expense		(1,057)		(141)		(2,395)		(308)
Income before income tax expense		8,943		13,844		38,266		31,412
Income tax expense		(1,305)		(2,332)		(6,450)		(5,889)
Net income		7,638		11,512		31,816		25,523
Less: net income related to non-controlling interests		(2,704)		(4,106)		(11,781)		(9,162)
Net income attributable to Solaris	$	4,934	$	7,406	$	20,035	$	16,361
Income per share of Class A common stock – basic	$	0.16	$	0.22	$	0.64	$	0.49
Income per share of Class A common stock – diluted	$	0.16	$	0.22	$	0.64	$	0.49
Basic weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding		29,025		31,599		29,919		31,425
Diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding		29,025		31,599		29,919		31,425

]

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

SOLARIS OILFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Class A			Class B			Additional							Non-		Total
	Common Stock			Common Stock			Paid-in		Retained		Treasury Stock			controlling		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Shares	Amount		Interest		Equity
Balance at January 1, 2023	31,641		317	13,674		—		202,551		12,847	—		—		101,414		317,129
Net effect of deferred tax asset and payables related to the stock repurchase and the vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—		594		—	—		—		—		594
Share and unit repurchases and retirements	(1,641)		(17)	—		—		(10,543)		(3,295)	—		—		(572)		(14,427)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		1,494		—	—		—		660		2,154
Vesting of restricted stock	547		5	—		—		903		—	—		—		(908)		—
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting	(148)		(1)	—		—		(536)		(384)	—		—		(415)		(1,336)
Unitholder Distributions	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(1,985)		(1,985)
Dividends paid ($0.11 per share of Class A common stock)	—		—	—		—		—		(3,656)	—		—		—		(3,656)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		7,569	—		—		4,368		11,937
Balance at March 31, 2023	30,399	$	304	13,674	$	—	$	194,463	$	13,081	—	$	—	$	102,562	$	310,410
Share and unit repurchases and retirements	(1,438)		(14)	—		—		(9,222)		(1,990)	—		—		(104)		(11,330)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		1,399		—	—		—		647		2,046
Vesting of restricted stock	10		1	—		—		16		—	—		—		(17)		—
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting	(3)		(1)	—		—		(9)		(2)	—		—		(7)		(19)
Unitholder Distributions	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(1,504)		(1,504)
Dividends paid ($0.11 per share of Class A common stock)	—		—	—		—		—		(3,388)	—		—		—		(3,388)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		7,532	—		—		4,709		12,241
Balance at June 30, 2023	28,968	$	290	13,674	$	—	$	186,647	$	15,233	—	$	—	$	106,286	$	308,456
Net effect of deferred tax asset and payables related to the stock repurchase and the vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—		(536)		—	—		—		—		(536)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		1,387		—	—		—		653		2,040
Vesting of restricted stock	85		1	—		—		209		—	—		—		(210)		—
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting	(1)		—	—		—		(7)		2	—		—		(4)		(9)
Unitholder Distributions	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(1,504)		(1,504)
Dividends paid ($0.11 per share of Class A common stock)	—		—	—		—		—		(3,358)	—		—		—		(3,358)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		4,934	—		—		2,704		7,638
Balance at September 30, 2023	29,052	$	291	13,674	$	—	$	187,700	$	16,811	—	$	—	$	107,925	$	312,727

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

SOLARIS OILFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Class A			Class B			Additional							Non-		Total
	Common Stock			Common Stock			Paid-in		Retained		Treasury Stock			controlling		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Shares	Amount		Interest		Equity
Balance at January 1, 2022	31,146	$	312	13,770	$	—	$	196,912	$	5,925	—	$	—	$	94,727	$	297,876
Net effect of deferred tax asset and payables related to the vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—		610		—	—		—		—		610
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		1,188		—	—		—		520		1,708
Vesting of restricted stock	366		3	—		—		574		—	—		—		(577)		—
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting	(96)		(1)	—		—		(302)		(388)	—		—		(299)		(990)
Unitholder Distributions	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(1,446)		(1,446)
Dividends paid ($0.105 per share of Class A common stock)	—		—	—		—		—		(3,441)	—		—		—		(3,441)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		3,502	—		—		2,220		5,722
Balance at March 31, 2022	31,416		314	13,770		—		198,982		5,598	—		—		95,145		300,039
Exchange of Solaris LLC Units and shares of Class B common stock for shares of Class A common stock	96		1	(96)		—		683		—	—		—		(684)		—
Net effect of deferred tax asset and payables related to Tax Receivable Agreement from the exchange of Solaris LLC Units and shares of Class B common stock for shares of Class A common stock and the vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—		(437)		—	—		—		—		(437)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		1,121		—	—		—		490		1,611
Vesting of restricted stock	7		—	—		—		9		—	—		—		(9)		—
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting	(2)		—	—		—		(4)		(6)	—		—		(7)		(17)
Solaris LLC distribution paid to Solaris LLC unitholders (other than Solaris Inc.) at $0.105 per Solaris LLC Unit	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(1,446)		(1,446)
Dividends paid ($0.105 per share of Class A common stock)	—		—	—		—		—		(3,444)	—		—		—		(3,444)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		5,453	—		—		2,836		8,289
Balance at June 30, 2022	31,517	$	315	13,674	$	—	$	200,354	$	7,601	—	$	—	$	96,325	$	304,595
Net effect of deferred tax asset and payables related to Tax Receivable Agreement from the exchange of Solaris LLC Units and shares of Class B common stock for shares of Class A common stock and the vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—		(9)		—	—		—		—		(9)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		1,146		—	—		—		496		1,642
Vesting of restricted stock	130		1	—		—		258		—	—		—		(259)		—
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting	(9)		—	—		—		(29)		(36)	—		—		(28)		(93)
Solaris LLC distribution paid to Solaris LLC unitholders (other than Solaris Inc.) at $0.105 per Solaris LLC Unit	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(1,436)		(1,436)
Dividends paid ($0.105 per share of Class A common stock)	—		—	—		—		—		(3,462)	—		—		—		(3,462)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		7,406	—		—		4,106		11,512
Balance at September 30, 2022	31,638	$	316	13,674	$	—	$	201,720	$	11,509	—	$	—	$	99,204	$	312,749

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

SOLARIS OILFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	31,816	$	25,523
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		26,667		21,777
Impairment of fixed assets		1,423		—
Loss on disposal of assets		604		1,307
Allowance for credit losses		160		(420)
Stock-based compensation		5,830		4,665
Amortization of debt issuance costs		114		127
Deferred income tax expense		6,019		5,143
Change in payables related to parties pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement		—		(654)
Other		(178)		(178)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		16,088		(38,563)
Accounts receivable - related party		(2,140)		1,011
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		263		2,972
Inventories		(5,020)		(4,744)
Accounts payable		(6,469)		12,569
Accrued liabilities		(7,744)		10,305
Property tax contingency		—		3,072
Payments pursuant to tax receivable agreement		(1,092)		—
Net cash provided by operating activities		66,341		43,912
Cash flows from investing activities:
Investment in property, plant and equipment		(57,117)		(59,527)
Cash received from insurance proceeds		122		1,308
Proceeds from disposal of assets		2,165		422
Net cash used in investing activities		(54,830)		(57,797)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Share repurchases		(25,757)		—
Distribution to unitholders (includes distribution of $4.5 million at $0.11/unit and $4.3 million at $0.105/unit, respectively)		(4,993)		(4,327)
Dividend paid to Class A common stock shareholders		(10,402)		(10,348)
Borrowings under the credit agreement		35,000		9,000
Repayment of credit agreement		(6,000)		(3,000)
Payments under finance leases		(1,908)		(1,100)
Payments under insurance premium financing		(1,380)		(946)
Payments related to debt issuance cost		(91)		(358)
Payments for shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting and cancelled		(1,364)		(1,100)
Net cash used in financing activities		(16,895)		(12,179)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(5,384)		(26,064)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		8,835		36,497
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	3,451	$	10,433
Non-cash activities
Investing:
Capitalized depreciation in property, plant and equipment		202		424
Capitalized stock based compensation		410		296
Property and equipment additions incurred but not paid at period-end		588		3,436
Property, plant and equipment additions transferred from inventory		2,575		1,210
Additions to fixed assets through finance leases		2,012		4,554
Financing:
Insurance premium financing		283		806
Cash paid for:
Interest		2,079		102
Income Taxes		478		370

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

SOLARIS OILFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in millions, except share data)

1.    Organization and Background of Business

Description of Business

We design and manufacture specialized equipment, which combined with field technician support, last mile logistics services and our software solutions, enables us to provide a service offering that helps oil and natural gas operators and their suppliers drive efficiencies that reduce operational footprint and costs during the completion phase of well development. Our equipment and services are deployed across active oil and natural gas basins in the United States.

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (either individually or together with its subsidiaries, as the context requires, “Solaris Inc.” or the “Company”) is the managing member of Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, LLC (“Solaris LLC”) and is responsible for all operational, management and administrative decisions relating to Solaris LLC’s business. Solaris Inc. consolidates the financial results of Solaris LLC and its subsidiaries and reports a non-controlling interest related to the portion of the units in Solaris LLC (the “Solaris LLC Units”) not owned by Solaris Inc., which will reduce net income attributable to the holders of Solaris Inc.’s Class A common stock.

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for fair presentation. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year or for any interim period.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information or notes required by GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read together with Solaris Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and notes thereto.

All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Global Economic, Geopolitical and Market Conditions

The recent conflict in the Israel-Gaza region and the ongoing war in Ukraine each have the potential to disrupt the supply and demand for oil and natural gas across the globe. The degree to which these and other events outside of our control adversely impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, cannot be predicted and are outside of our control. The timing, extent, trajectory and duration of their impacts upon our business and the industry in which we, our customers and vendors operate could impact any subsequent recovery of normal economic and operating conditions.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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The most significant estimates are related to stock-based compensation, useful lives and salvage values of long-lived assets, future cash flows associated with goodwill and long-lived asset impairment evaluations, net realizable value of inventory, income taxes, Tax Receivable Agreement liability, collectability of accounts receivable and estimates of allowance for credit losses and determination of the present value of lease payments and right-of-use assets.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities, as well as other recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements such as goodwill impairment and long lived assets impairment, are to be measured using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, which are as follows:

● Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date;

● Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or other inputs corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

● Level 3—Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities based on the best information available.

Nonrecurring measurements

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These items are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but may be subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. As of September 30, 2023, these assets include certain systems and related equipment that met the held for sale criteria upon entering into a non-binding sale agreement with a third party. These assets were recorded to assets held for sale at a total fair value of $3.0 million in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company determined the fair value based on the sale price included in the non-binding sale agreement, which is a Level 3 input. As the carrying value of the fixed assets classified as held for sale exceeded their fair value less estimated costs to sell, we recorded an impairment of $1.4 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenues from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”). Under ASC Topic 606, revenue recognition is based on the transfer of control, or the customer’s ability to benefit from our services and products in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those services and products.

The majority of our contracts contain multiple performance obligations, such as work orders containing a combination of equipment, last mile logistics services, and labor services. We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative stand-alone selling prices, or estimates of such prices, and recognize the related revenue as control of each individual product or service is transferred to the customer, in satisfaction of the corresponding performance obligations. We measure progress using an input method based on resources consumed or expended relative to the total resources expected to be consumed or expended. We assess our customers’ ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including historical payment experience and financial condition and we typically charge our customers on a weekly or monthly basis. Contracts with customers are typically on thirty- to sixty-day payment terms.

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Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenues from our contracts disaggregated by revenue generating activity contained therein for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Wellsite services	$	69.5	$	92.1	$	229.1	$	235.2
Transloading and Other		0.2		0.2		0.5		0.8
Total revenue	$	69.7	$	92.3	$	229.6	$	236.0

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform, which provided temporary optional guidance to companies impacted by the transition away from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The guidance provided certain expedients and exceptions to applying GAAP in order to lessen the potential accounting burden when contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR as a benchmark rate are modified. The original guidance expired on December 31, 2022, and ASU No. 2022-06 extended the effective date of the guidance to December 31, 2024. As described more fully in Note 7. “Income Taxes,” the Tax Receivable Agreement was amended on June 27, 2023, to replace the references to LIBOR.

3.    Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. We manufacture or construct most of our systems. During the manufacturing of these assets, they are reflected as systems in process until complete. Modifications to existing systems, including the expenditures for upgrades and enhancements that result in additional functionality, increased efficiency, or the extension of the estimated useful life, are capitalized.

As of September 30, 2023, we classified $4.4 million of certain systems and related equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, to assets held for sale upon entering into a non-binding sale agreement with a third party. As the carrying value of the fixed assets classified as held for sale exceeded their fair value less estimated costs to sell, we recorded an impairment of $1.4 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Systems and related equipment	$	404.4	$	369.3
Systems in process		44.0		30.1
Computer hardware and software		3.9		1.7
Machinery and equipment		5.7		5.4
Vehicles		14.2		13.2
Buildings		4.8		4.6
Land		0.6		0.6
Furniture and fixtures		1.3		0.4
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$	478.9	$	425.3
Less: accumulated depreciation		(151.5)		(127.1)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	327.4	$	298.2

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4.        Leases

The Company leases offices and storage from third-parties for our corporate and field locations under operating leases, which include commitments related to the guarantee of lease agreement with Solaris Energy Management, LLC, a related party of the Company, related to the rental of office space. Refer to Note 10. “Related Party Transactions” for additional information regarding related party transactions recognized. Upon completion of the primary term, both parties have substantive rights to terminate the leases. As a result, enforceable rights and obligations do not exist under the rental agreements subsequent to the primary term.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had property, plant and equipment under finance leases with a cost of $9.2 and $7.2, respectively, and accumulated depreciation of $2.7 and $0.9, respectively.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Operating lease cost (1)	$	0.5	$	0.4	$	1.5	$	1.0
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets		0.6		0.2		1.8		1.1
Interest on lease liabilities		0.1		0.1		0.3		0.1
Total finance lease cost	$	0.7	$	0.3	$	2.1	$	1.2

(1)Includes short term leases.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of September 30, 2023 were as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023 (remainder of)	$	0.6		0.7
2024		2.6		2.7
2025		2.4		2.0
2026		2.3		0.5
2027		2.3		—
2028		2.0		—
Thereafter		9.5		—
Total future minimum lease payments		21.7		5.9
Less: effects of discounting		(6.9)		(0.4)
Total lease liabilities	$	14.8	$	5.5

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1.1	$	0.9
Financing cash flows from finance leases		1.9		1.1

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Other information related to leases was as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases		10.3 years		11.9 years
Finance leases		2.7 years		2.9 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		6.9%		6.3%
Finance leases		5.7%		5.7%

5.    Senior Secured Credit Facility

On April 28, 2023, Solaris LLC executed Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, by and among Solaris LLC, as borrower, each of the guarantors party thereto, each of the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (the “2023 Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), which was entered into on April 26, 2019, by and among Solaris LLC, as borrower, each of the guarantors party thereto, each of the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and contained an initial $50.0 borrowing facility. The 2023 Amendment introduced an additional $25.0 facility (the “Additional Facility”) to increase available borrowings under the Credit Agreement from $50.0 to $75.0 (the “Loan”) while preserving the original accordion feature, to provide for a maximum of $100.0 of total available capacity under the Credit Agreement. As more fully described in the 2023 Amendment, certain covenant requirements were also modified. The 2023 Amendment contains a reducing revolver feature whereby the Additional Facility will reduce 15% beginning in the first quarter of 2024 through the fourth quarter of 2024 and 20% thereafter with the balance due at maturity. The Credit Agreement continues to have a maturity date of April 26, 2025.

As of September 30, 2023, we had $37.0 borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement and have the ability to draw up to an additional $38.0.

Our obligations under the Loan are generally secured by a pledge of substantially all the assets of Solaris LLC and its subsidiaries, and such obligations are guaranteed by Solaris LLC’s domestic subsidiaries other than Immaterial Subsidiaries (as defined in the Credit Agreement). We have the option to prepay the loans at any time without penalty.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin, and interest is payable quarterly for alternate base rate loans or the last business day of the interest period applicable to SOFR loans. The applicable margin ranges from 2.75% to 3.75% for SOFR loans and 1.75% to 2.75% for alternate base rate loans, in each case depending on our total leverage ratio and loan tranche. The Credit Agreement requires that we pay a quarterly commitment fee on undrawn amounts of the Loan, ranging from 0.375% to 0.5% depending upon the total leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate on the borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2023 was approximately 8.34%.

The Credit Agreement requires that we maintain ratios of (i) consolidated EBITDA to interest expense of not less than 2.75 to 1.00, (ii) senior indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA of not more than 2.50 to 1.00 and (iii) the sum of 100% of eligible accounts, inventory and fixed assets to the total revolving exposure of not less than 1.00 to 1.00 when the total leverage ratio is greater than 2.00 to 1.00 and total revolving exposure under the Loan exceeds $3.0. For the purpose of these tests, certain items are subtracted from indebtedness and senior indebtedness. EBITDA, as defined in the Credit Agreement, excludes certain noncash items and any extraordinary, unusual or nonrecurring gains, losses or expenses.

The Credit Agreement also requires that we prepay any outstanding borrowings in the event our total consolidated cash balance exceeds $20.0 on the last business day of every other calendar week, taking into account certain adjustments. Capital expenditures are not restricted unless borrowings under the Loan exceed $5.0 for any 180 consecutive day period, in which case capital expenditures will be permitted up to $100.0 plus any unused availability for capital expenditures from the immediately preceding fiscal year.

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As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

6.    Equity

Dividends

Solaris LLC paid dividend distributions totaling $4.9 and $4.9 to all Solaris LLC unitholders in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of which $3.4 and $3.5 was paid to Solaris Inc. Solaris LLC paid dividend distributions totaling $14.9 and $14.7 to all Solaris LLC unitholders in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of which $10.4 and $10.3 was paid to Solaris Inc. Solaris Inc. used the proceeds from the distributions to pay quarterly cash dividends to all holders of shares of Class A common stock.

Share Repurchase Program

On March 1, 2023, the Company’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase plan to repurchase up to $50.0 of the Company’s Class A common stock until the plan terminates pursuant to its provisions. No shares were purchased and retired during the three months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Solaris Inc. purchased and retired 3,078,500 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an aggregate cost of $25.8, or $8.38 per share, under the share repurchase program. As of September 30, 2023, $24.2 remains available for future repurchases authorized under the share repurchase plan. The Company has accrued stock repurchase excise tax of $0.3 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s long-term incentive plan for employees, directors and consultants (the “LTIP”) provides for the grant of all or any of the following types of equity-based awards: (i) incentive stock options qualified as such under United States federal income tax laws; (ii) stock options that do not qualify as incentive stock options; (iii) stock appreciation rights; (iv) restricted stock awards; (v) restricted stock units; (vi) bonus stock; (vii) performance awards; (viii) dividend equivalents; (ix) other stock-based awards; (x) cash awards; and (xi) substitute awards.

Subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the LTIP, 5,118,080 shares of Solaris Inc.’s Class A common stock were originally reserved for issuance pursuant to awards under the LTIP and, pursuant to the First Amendment to the LTIP that was approved by the Company’s stockholders and became effective as of May 17, 2023, an additional 4,700,000 shares of Solaris Inc.’s Class A common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to awards under the LTIP. As of September 30, 2023, 5,417,457 shares of Solaris Inc.’s Class A common stock were available for grant under the LTIP.

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The following table summarizes activity related to restricted stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Restricted Stock Awards
	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested at January 1, 2023	1,295,728	$	10.33
Awarded	790,201		9.19
Vested	(548,992)		9.74
Forfeited	(9,648)		9.82
Unvested at March 31, 2023	1,527,289	$	9.71
Awarded	16,038		7.48
Vested	(7,606)		10.70
Forfeited	(26,924)		9.66
Unvested at June 30, 2023	1,508,797	$	9.68
Awarded	128,355		10.53
Vested	(85,160)		10.58
Forfeited	(26,078)		9.51
Unvested at September 30, 2023	1,525,914	$	9.69

Of the 1,525,914 shares of restricted stock that remained unvested as of September 30, 2023, it is expected that 739,918 shares, 528,420 shares, and 257,576 shares will vest in 2024, 2025 and 2026, respectively, in each case, subject to the applicable vesting terms governing such shares of restricted stock. There was approximately $11.0 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock as of September 30, 2023. The unrecognized compensation expense will be recognized over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 1.1 years.

The following table summarizes activity related to PSUs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date Fair
	Number of Units	Value ($)
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	—	$	—
Granted	176,898		11.92
Forfeited	—		—
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	176,898	$	11.92
Granted	—		—
Forfeited	(4,686)		11.92
Outstanding at June 30, 2023	172,212	$	11.92
Granted	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	172,212	$	11.92

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Of the 172,212 performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) that remained outstanding as of September 30, 2023, such PSUs had a weighted average grant date fair value of $11.92 per share. The performance criteria for the PSUs are split as follows:

● Relative PSUs: 50% of the PSUs are based on total shareholder return relative to the total shareholder return of a predetermined group of peer companies. This relative total shareholder return is calculated at the end of the performance periods stipulated in the PSU agreement.

● Absolute PSUs: 50% of the PSUs have a performance criteria of absolute total shareholder return calculated at the end of the performance period stipulated in the PSU agreement.

The vesting and payout of the PSUs occur when the related service condition is completed, which is approximately one to three years after the grant date depending on the stipulated performance period. The PSUs can be paid out in either Class A common stock or cash, at our election. Dividends accrue on PSUs and are paid upon vesting. As of September 30, 2023, $1.5 of compensation cost related to unvested PSUs remained to be recognized. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.

The grant date fair value was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method and is expensed ratably over the service period. Expected volatilities used in the fair value simulation were estimated using historical periods consistent with the remaining performance periods. The risk-free rate was based on the U.S. Treasury rate for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant. We used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of such PSUs (which, for purposes of clarity, were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023):

	Assumptions
Risk-free interest rate	4.6%
Volatility	58.93%

Income Per Share

Basic income per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income attributable to Solaris Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the same period. Diluted income per share is computed giving effect to all potentially dilutive shares.

The following table sets forth the calculation of income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Basic net income (loss) per share:	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator
Net income attributable to Solaris	$	4.9	$	7.4	$	20.0	$	16.4
Less: income attributable to participating securities (1)		(0.2)		(0.3)		(0.9)		(0.7)
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	4.7	$	7.1	$	19.1	$	15.7
Denominator
Weighted average number of unrestricted outstanding common shares used to calculate basic net income per share		29,025,293		31,598,612		29,919,094		31,424,530
Diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding used to calculate diluted net income per share		29,025,293		31,598,612		29,919,094		31,424,530
Income per share of Class A common stock - basic	$	0.16	$	0.22	$	0.64	$	0.49
Income per share of Class A common stock - diluted	$	0.16	$	0.22	$	0.64	$	0.49

(1) The Company’s restricted shares of common stock are participating securities.

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The following number of weighted-average potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share because the effect of including such potentially dilutive shares would have been antidilutive upon conversion:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Class B common stock		13,671,971		13,671,971		13,671,971		13,731,975
Restricted stock awards		1,505,675		1,349,260		1,466,069		1,251,329
Performance-based restricted stock awards		270,373		—		134,488		—
Stock Options		6,605		7,013		6,605		7,063
Total		15,454,624		15,028,244		15,279,133		14,990,367

7. Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Solaris Inc. is a corporation and, as a result, is subject to United States federal, state and local income taxes. Solaris LLC is treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes and therefore does not pay United States federal income tax on its taxable income. Instead, the Solaris LLC unitholders, including Solaris Inc., are liable for United States federal income tax on their respective shares of Solaris LLC’s taxable income reported on the unitholders’ United States federal income tax returns. Solaris LLC is liable for income taxes in those states not recognizing its status as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized a combined United States federal and state expense for income taxes of $1.3 and $2.3, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized a combined United States federal and state expense for income taxes of $6.5 and $5.9, respectively. The effective combined United States federal and state income tax rates were 14.6% and 16.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective combined United States federal and state income tax rates were 16.9% and 18.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate primarily due to Solaris LLC’s treatment as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes.

The Company’s deferred tax position reflects the net tax effects of the temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax reporting. The largest components of the Company’s deferred tax position relate to the Company’s investment in Solaris LLC and net operating loss carryovers. The Company recorded a deferred tax asset and additional paid-in capital for the difference between the book value and the tax basis of the Company’s investment in Solaris LLC. This difference originates from the equity offerings of Class A common stock, exchanges of Solaris LLC Units (together with a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock) for shares of Class A common stock, and issuances of Class A common stock, and corresponding Solaris LLC Units, in connection with stock-based compensation.

Based on our cumulative earnings history and forecasted future sources of taxable income, we believe that we will be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future. As the Company reassesses this position in the future, changes in cumulative earnings history, excluding non-recurring charges, or changes to forecasted taxable income may alter this expectation and may result in an increase in the valuation allowance and an increase in the effective tax rate.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, contains rules that limit the ability of a company that undergoes an “ownership change” to utilize its net operating loss and tax credit carryovers and certain built-in losses recognized in years after the “ownership change.” An “ownership change” is generally defined as any change in ownership of more than 50% of a corporation’s stock over a rolling three-year period by stockholders that own (directly or indirectly) 5% or more of the stock of a corporation, or arising from a new issuance of stock by a corporation. If an ownership change occurs, Section 382 generally imposes an annual limitation on the use of pre-ownership change net operating loss carryovers to offset taxable income earned after the ownership change. We do not believe the Section 382 annual

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limitation related to historical ownership changes impacts our ability to utilize our net operating losses; however, if we were to experience a future ownership change our ability to use net operating losses may be impacted.

Payables Related to the Tax Receivable Agreement

We made payments of $1.1 in January 2023 under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Solaris LLC made a tax distribution to Solaris Inc. of $1.1 in order to satisfy these obligations and concurrently made a cash distribution on a pro rata basis to each of the other members of Solaris LLC of $0.4. Future amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement are dependent upon future events.

As of September 30, 2023, our liability under the Tax Receivable Agreement was $71.5, representing 85% of the net cash savings in United States federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that Solaris Inc. anticipates realizing in future years from certain increases in tax basis and certain tax benefits attributable to imputed interest as a result of Solaris Inc.’s acquisition (or deemed acquisition for United States federal income tax purposes) of Solaris LLC Units in connection with our initial public offering or pursuant to an exercise of the Redemption Right or the Call Right (each as defined in the Solaris LLC Agreement) and additional tax basis arising from any payments Solaris Inc. makes under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

The projection of future taxable income involves significant judgment. Actual taxable income may differ from our estimates, which could significantly impact our liability under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Therefore, in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, we have recorded a liability under the Tax Receivable Agreement related to the tax savings we may realize from certain increases in tax basis and certain tax benefits attributable to imputed interest as a result of Solaris Inc.’s acquisition (or deemed acquisition for United States federal income tax purposes) of Solaris LLC Units in connection with the IPO or pursuant to an excise of the Redemption Right or the Call Right (each as defined in the Solaris LLC Agreement) and additional tax basis arising from any payments Solaris Inc. makes under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Solaris LLC may make tax distributions to Solaris Inc. in order for Solaris Inc. to satisfy its obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement and will be required to distribute cash pro rata to each of the other members of Solaris LLC, in accordance with the number of Solaris LLC Units owned by each member at that time.

On June 27, 2023, the Tax Receivable Agreement was amended to replace the references to one year LIBOR with references to the 12-month term SOFR published by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited plus 71.513 basis points, which is the benchmark replacement rate and additional margin that, under the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021, would have otherwise been inserted in place of references to LIBOR in the Tax Receivable Agreement following June 30, 2023.

8.  Concentrations

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, two customers accounted for 13% and 12% of the Company’s revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, one customer accounted for 23% of the Company’s revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, three customers accounted for 12%, 12% and 11% of the Company’s revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, one customer accounted for 21% of the Company’s revenues. As of September 30, 2023, two customers accounted for 16% and 14% of the Company’s accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022, one customer accounted for 22% of the Company’s accounts receivable.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, one supplier accounted for 11% of the Company’s total purchases. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, one supplier accounted for 10% of the Company’s total purchases. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, no supplier accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases. As of September 30, 2023, two suppliers accounted for 16% and 11% of the Company’s accounts payable. As of December 31, 2022, one supplier accounted for 13% of the Company’s accounts payable.

9.  Commitments and Contingencies

Tax Matters

We are subject to a number of state and local taxes that are not income-based. As many of these taxes are subject to assessment and audit by the taxing authorities, it is possible that an assessment or audit could result in additional taxes

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due. We accrue additional taxes when we determine that it is probable that we will have incurred a liability and we can reasonably estimate the amount of the liability. On June 16, 2022, Cause Number CV20-09-372, styled Solaris Oilfield Site Services v. Brown County Appraisal District, was presented to the 35th District Court of Brown County, Texas. The 35^th District Court of Brown County ruled in favor of Brown County Appraisal District regarding the disqualification of our equipment for certain property tax exemptions. On July 20, 2022, we filed an appeal with the Eleventh District of Texas – Eastland Court of Appeals, and an appellate hearing relating thereto was held on April 13, 2023. We anticipate that a final ruling from the Eastland Court of Appeals will be delivered sometime in the fourth quarter of 2023. In connection therewith, we have recognized $3.1 in accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2023. No additional contingencies were recognized during the three and nine months period ended September 30, 2023. If this litigation is ultimately resolved against us, in whole or in part, it is possible that the resolution of this matter could be material to our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

Litigation and Claims

In the normal course of business, the Company is subjected to various claims, legal actions, contract negotiations and disputes. The Company provides for losses, if any, in the year in which they can be reasonably estimated. In management’s opinion, there are currently no such matters outstanding that would have a material effect on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Purchase Obligations

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into purchase obligations for products and services, primarily related to equipment or parts for manufacturing equipment. As of September 30, 2023, we had purchase obligations of approximately $6.2 million payable within the next twelve months.

See Note 10 “Related Party Transactions” for contingent payments related to contracts with customers.

10.  Related Party Transactions

The Company recognizes certain costs incurred in relation to transactions incurred in connection with the amended and restated administrative services agreement, dated May 17, 2017, between Solaris LLC and Solaris Energy Management, LLC, a company owned by William A. Zartler, the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. These services include rent paid for office space, travel services, personnel, consulting and administrative costs. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Solaris LLC paid $0.3 and $0.2, respectively, for these services, included in selling, general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Solaris LLC paid $0.8 and $0.7, respectively, for these services, included in selling, general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company included $0.1 and $0.1, respectively, in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company included $0.1 and $0.1, respectively, of accruals to related parties in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company has executed a guarantee of lease agreement with Solaris Energy Management, LLC, a related party of the Company, related to the rental of office space. The total future guaranty under the guarantee of lease agreement with Solaris Energy Management, LLC is $3.7 as of September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, THRC Holdings, LP, an entity managed by THRC Management, LLC (collectively “THRC”), held shares representing a 11.1% ownership of the Company’s Class A common stock and 7.5% ownership of the total shares outstanding. THRC is affiliated with certain of the Company’s customers, including ProFrac Services, LLC and certain of the Company’s suppliers including Automatize Logistics, LLC, IOT-EQ, LLC and Cisco Logistics, LLC (together the “THRC Affiliates”). For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company recognized revenues related to our service offering provided to the THRC Affiliates of $5.2 and $2.9, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company recognized revenues related to our service offering provided to the THRC Affiliates of $17.4 and $13.6, respectively. Accounts receivable related to THRC Affiliates as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $7.1 and $4.9, respectively.

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For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company recognized cost of services provided by THRC Affiliates of $0.3 and $1.4, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company recognized cost of services provided by THRC Affiliates of $1.9 and $3.1, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was $1.5 and $0.3, respectively, of accounts payable related to THRC Affiliates.

Solaris is the dedicated wellsite sand storage provider (“Services”) to certain THRC Affiliates. Solaris provides volume-based pricing for the Services and may be required to pay up to $4.0 in payments throughout a term ending in 2024, contingent upon the ability of these affiliates to meet minimum Services revenue thresholds. As of September 30, 2023, accounts payable to THRC Affiliates related to these services is $1.4, which was recognized in revenues.

On January 31, 2023, the Company made payments of $1.1 under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Solaris LLC made a cash distribution to Solaris Inc. of $1.1 to satisfy these obligations and concurrently made a cash distribution on a pro rata basis to each of the other members of Solaris LLC of $0.4.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

References to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Solaris Inc.” or the “Company” refer to Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (either individually or together with its subsidiaries, as the context requires). The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying financial statements and related notes. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated as discussed in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of risks and uncertainties, including those described above in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and “Risk Factors” included in this Quarterly Report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as updated by our subsequent filings with the SEC, all of which are difficult to predict. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed may not occur. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by law.

Overview

We design and manufacture specialized equipment, which combined with field technician support, last mile logistics services and our software solutions, enables us to provide a service offering that helps oil and natural gas operators and their suppliers drive efficiencies that reduce operational footprint and costs during the completion phase of well development. The majority of our revenue is currently derived from providing equipment and services related to our mobile proppant and fluid management systems and our last mile logistics management services. We also generate revenue from new technology and offerings that work in conjunction with our mobile proppant and fluid management systems, including our proprietary top fill equipment and AutoBlend™ integrated electric blender. Our equipment and services are deployed across active oil and natural gas basins in the United States.

Recent Trends and Outlook

WTI oil prices have increased during the second half of 2023 to a range between $80 and $95 per barrel compared to a range between the high $60s and low $80s per barrel during the first half of 2023. Henry Hub natural gas prices have remained in a range between $2 and $3 per MMBtu for most of 2023, which reflects a 50-70% decrease from price levels in 2022. More recently at the start of fourth quarter, natural gas prices averaged over $3 per MMBtu. Since the start of the year, the Baker Hughes US Land Rig Count is down over 20% from year end 2022 levels, driven primarily by the decline in natural gas prices. While oil prices also softened compared to their peak in 2022, they remain at healthy levels to support a sustained level of oil-directed US drilling and completion activity, which comprises approximately 80% of the total Baker Hughes US rig count. Therefore, we expect oil-related drilling and completion activity to remain stable for the foreseeable future and further improvements in natural gas prices could drive improvement in gas-related drilling and completion activity in 2024.

Overall, demand for our offerings is predominantly influenced by the level of oil and natural gas well drilling and completion activity. While our fully utilized systems are highly correlated with US land rig count activity over longer periods, timing differences between drilling and completion activity can result in lags of one to two quarters or longer. During 2023, our fully utilized total system count growth has outpaced the rig count trend due primarily to new technology-led growth with new and existing customers. An increase in pricing at the start of the year and incremental earnings from our new products have also allowed us to maintain strong earnings despite a decline in drilling and completion activity during 2023.

Our capital expenditures were down 20% in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the second quarter of 2023. We expect our pace of capital expenditure to continue to slow in the remainder of 2023 and into 2024 as we complete the build out of these new product lines, which should allow us to generate increased cash flow.

The sustainability of favorable supply-demand dynamics and a strong commodity environment will depend on multiple factors, including any supply chain disruptions, potential regulatory changes, uncertainty around a potential economic slowdown and potential impacts from geopolitical disruptions, including the war in Ukraine and the recent conflict in the Israel-Gaza region. Additionally, consolidation can drive procurement strategy changes, which has

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historically resulted in both market share gains and losses for the Company. We expect both consolidation and financial discipline will likely continue to be important themes for the energy industry going forward.

Results of Operations

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2023		2022		Change		2023		2022		Change
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Revenue		64,427		89,376		(24,949)		212,180		222,342		(10,162)
Revenue - related parties		5,249		2,949		2,300		17,420		13,609		3,811
Total revenue		69,676		92,325		(22,649)		229,600		235,951		(6,351)
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of services (excluding depreciation)		42,102		64,171		(22,069)		140,977		163,079		(22,102)
Depreciation and amortization		9,179		7,716		1,463		26,667		21,777		4,890
Property tax contingency		—		—		—		—		3,072		(3,072)
Selling, general and administrative		6,359		5,929		430		19,722		17,202		2,520
Impairment of fixed assets		1,423		—		1,423		1,423		—		1,423
Other operating (income)/expense, net		613		524		89		150		(899)		1,049
Total operating costs and expenses		59,676		78,340		(18,664)		188,939		204,231		(15,292)
Operating income		10,000		13,985		(3,985)		40,661		31,720		8,941
Interest expense, net		(1,057)		(141)		(916)		(2,395)		(308)		(2,087)
Total other expense		(1,057)		(141)		(916)		(2,395)		(308)		(2,087)
Income before income tax expense		8,943		13,844		(4,901)		38,266		31,412		6,854
Expense for income taxes		(1,305)		(2,332)		1,027		(6,450)		(5,889)		(561)
Net income		7,638		11,512		(3,874)		31,816		25,523		6,293
Less: net income related to non-controlling interests		(2,704)		(4,106)		1,402		(11,781)		(9,162)		(2,619)
Net income attributable to Solaris	$	4,934	$	7,406	$	(2,472)	$	20,035	$	16,361	$	3,674

Revenue

Revenue decreased $22.6 million, or 25%, to $69.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $92.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in revenue is primarily related to a decrease in last mile tonnage for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in revenue was partially offset with an increase in total fully utilized systems from 105 to 108 systems for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2023, respectively. Revenue decreased $6.4 million, or 3%, to $229.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $236.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in revenue is primarily related to a decrease in last mile tonnage for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in revenue was partially offset with an increase in total fully utilized systems from 90 to 111 systems for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

Cost of Services

Cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization expense, decreased $22.1 million, or 34%, to $42.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $64.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization expense, decreased $22.1 million, or 14%, to $141.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $163.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease is primarily related to a decrease in last mile tonnage for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Cost of services,

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excluding depreciation and amortization, as a percentage of revenue was 60% and 61% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 70% and 69% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Property Tax Contingency

We are subject to a number of state and local taxes that are not income-based. As many of these taxes are subject to assessment and audit by the taxing authorities, it is possible that an assessment or audit could result in additional taxes due. We accrue for additional taxes when we determine that it is probable that we will have incurred a liability and we can reasonably estimate the amount of the liability. On June 16, 2022, Cause Number CV20-09-372, styled Solaris Oilfield Site Services v. Brown County Appraisal District, was presented to the 35th District Court of Brown County, Texas. The 35th District Court of Brown County ruled in favor of Brown County Appraisal District regarding the disqualification of our equipment for certain property tax exemptions. On July 20, 2022, we filed an appeal with the Eleventh District of Texas – Eastland Court of Appeals, and an appellate hearing relating thereto was held on April 13, 2023. We anticipate that a final ruling from the Eastland Court of Appeals will be delivered sometime in the fourth quarter of 2023. In connection therewith, we have recognized $3.1 million in Accrued Liabilities as of September 30, 2023. No additional contingencies were recognized during the three and nine months period ended September 30, 2023. If this litigation is ultimately resolved against us, in whole or in part, it is possible that the resolution of this matter could be material to our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.4 million, or 7%, to $6.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $5.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.5 million, or 15%, to $19.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased primarily due to increases in headcount and professional fees.

Impairment of Fixed Assets

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we entered into a non-binding sale agreement with a third party to sell certain fixed assets. These fixed assets met the criteria as assets held for sale and are included as such on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023. As the carrying value of the fixed assets classified as held for sale exceeded their fair value less estimated costs to sell, we recorded an impairment loss of $1.4 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Other Operating (Income) Expense

Other operating (income) expense increased $0.1 million, or 17%, to expense of $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to expense of $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Other operating (income) expense increased $1.0 million, or 117%, to expense of $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to income of $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Other operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily relate to excise tax for share buybacks, loss on sale of assets and credit losses, partially offset with sales tax rebates. Other operating (income) expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily relate to change in the TRA liability, credit losses, gain on insurance claims and other settlements, loss on disposal of assets, and costs related to the evaluation of potential acquisitions.

Provision for Income Taxes

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized a combined United States federal and state expense for income taxes of $1.3 million, a decrease of $1.0 million as compared to the $2.3 million income tax expense we recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was attributable to changes in operating gains. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized a combined United States federal and state expense for income taxes of $6.5 million, an increase of $0.6 million as compared to the $5.9 million income tax expense we recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was attributable to changes in

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operating gains. The effective combined United States federal and state income tax rates were 14.6% and 16.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective combined United States federal and state income tax rates were 16.9% and 18.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate primarily due to Solaris LLC’s treatment as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes.

Comparison of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

We view EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as important indicators of performance. We define EBITDA as net income, plus (i) depreciation and amortization expense, (ii) interest expense and (iii) income tax expense, including franchise taxes. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus (i) stock-based compensation expense and (ii) certain non-cash items and any extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring gains, losses or expenses.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for an analysis of our results of operation and financial condition as reported in accordance with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Net income is the GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered alternatives to net income presented in accordance with GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, our definitions of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated.

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2023		2022		Change		2023		2022		Change
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Net income	$	7,638	$	11,512	$	(3,874)	$	31,816	$	25,523	$	6,293
Depreciation and amortization		9,179		7,716		1,463		26,667		21,777		4,890
Interest expense, net		1,057		141		916		2,395		308		2,087
Income taxes (1)		1,305		2,332		(1,027)		6,450		5,889		561
EBITDA	$	19,179	$	21,701	$	(2,522)	$	67,328	$	53,497	$	13,831
Property tax contingency (2)		—		—		—		—		3,072		(3,072)
Stock-based compensation expense (3)		1,917		1,553		364		5,821		4,665		1,156
Loss on disposal of assets		746		989		(243)		390		1,025		(635)
Impairment of fixed assets (4)		1,423		—		1,423		1,423		—		1,423
Change in payables related to Tax Receivable Agreement (5)		—		—		—		—		(654)		654
Other (6)		163		(309)		472		409		(867)		1,276
Adjusted EBITDA	$	23,428	$	23,934	$	(506)	$	75,371	$	60,738	$	14,633

(1) United States federal and state income taxes.

(2) Property tax contingency represents a reserve related to an unfavorable Texas District Court ruling related to prior period property taxes. The ruling is currently under appeal and we anticipate a ruling to be delivered sometime in the fourth quarter of 2023.

(3) Represents stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards, including performance-based restricted stock.

(4) Impairment recorded on certain fixed assets classified as assets held for sale during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

(5) Reduction in liability due to state tax rate change.

(6) Other includes accrued excise tax on share repurchases, gains on insurance claims, credit losses or recoveries and other settlements.

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Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022: EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA decreased $2.5 million to $19.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $21.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Adjusted EBITDA decreased $0.5 million to $23.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $23.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. EBITDA increased $13.8 million to $67.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $53.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Adjusted EBITDA increased $14.6 million to $75.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $60.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The changes in EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA were primarily due to the changes in revenues and expenses, discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our primary sources of liquidity to date have been cash flows from operations, borrowings under our credit agreements and proceeds from equity offerings. Our primary uses of capital have been to fund ongoing operations, capital expenditures to support organic growth, including our fleet development and related maintenance and fleet upgrades, repurchase shares of Class A common stock in the open market, and pay dividends. Although no assurance can be given, depending upon market conditions and other factors, we may also have the ability to issue additional equity and debt if needed.

As of September 30, 2023, cash and cash equivalents totaled $3.5 million. We have $37.0 million in borrowings outstanding under our Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has the ability to draw up to an additional $38.0 million under the amended Credit Agreement. We believe that our cash on hand, operating cash flow and available borrowings under our Credit Agreement will provide sufficient liquidity to address our future cash needs, including capital expenditures, working capital investments, and dividends for the next 12 months and beyond.

Share Repurchase Program

The Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program on March 1, 2023, with an approved limit of $50.0 million and no set term limits. As of September 30, 2023, we have purchased 3,078,500 shares of Class A common stock for $25.8 million, or $8.38 per share, resulting in $24.2 million remaining under the authorized share repurchase program.

All purchases made pursuant to the authorized share repurchase plan were made in accordance with applicable securities laws from time to time in the open-market or through private transactions, depending on market conditions. Going forward, future purchases may be made pursuant to a trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b-18 or Rule 10b-5 under the Exchange Act, and may be discontinued at any time.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 provides for, among other things, the imposition of a new 1% U.S. federal excise tax on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. corporations such as us after December 31, 2022. Accordingly, this excise tax will apply to our share repurchase program in 2023 and in subsequent taxable years. The Biden Administration has proposed increasing the amount of the excise tax from 1% to 4%; however, it is unclear whether such a change in the amount of the excise tax will be enacted and, if enacted, how soon any such change could take effect.

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022		Change
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	66,341	$	43,912	$	22,429
Net cash used in investing activities		(54,830)		(57,797)		2,967
Net cash used in financing activities		(16,895)		(12,179)		(4,716)
Net change in cash	$	(5,384)	$	(26,064)	$	20,680

Significant Sources and Uses of Cash Flows

Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $66.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $43.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase of $22.4 million in operating cash flow was primarily attributable to increased profitability from operations.

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $54.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $57.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in investing activities of $3.0 million is primarily due to a reduction in capital expenditures and proceeds on sale of disposal of $2.0 million.

Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities of $16.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily related to the repurchase of shares for $25.8 million, quarterly dividends of $10.4 million to Class A common stock shareholders, distributions to Solaris LLC unitholders of $5.0 million, payments under finance leases of $1.9 million, payments under insurance premium financing of $1.4 million and $1.4 million of payments related to vesting of stock-based compensation, partially offset by net borrowings under the Credit Agreement of $29.0 million. Net cash used in financing activities of $12.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily related to quarterly dividends of $10.3 million to Class A common stock shareholders, $4.3 million in distributions to Solaris LLC unitholders, payments under finance leases of $1.1 million, $1.1 million of payments related to vesting of stock-based compensation and payments under insurance premium financing of $1.0 million, offset by net borrowings under the Credit Agreement of $6.0 million.

Capital Sources

Senior Secured Credit Facility

See Note 5. “Senior Secured Credit Facility” to our condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023, included in this Quarterly Report, for a discussion of our senior secured credit facility.

Future Sources and Uses of Cash

Our material cash commitments consist primarily of obligations under our Credit Agreement, Tax Receivable Agreement, finance and operating leases for property and equipment, and purchase obligations as a part of normal operations. We have no material off balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2023, except for purchase commitments under supply agreements disclosed below.

As of September 30, 2023, we expect to pay approximately $0.1 million in commitment fees on our Credit Agreement within the next twelve months, calculated based on the unused portion of lender commitments, at the applicable commitment fee rate of 0.375%. As of September 30, 2023, if our borrowings under the Credit Agreement remain at $37.0 million, we expect to pay approximately $3.1 million in interest within the next twelve months, calculated based on the weighted average interest rate on the borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2023 of approximately 8.34%.

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As of September 30, 2023, we had purchase obligations of approximately $6.2 million payable within the next twelve months.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We had no material changes in our critical accounting estimates during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, see Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for additional information.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

None.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

See Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Recently Issued Accounting Standards” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report, for a discussion of recently issued accounting standards.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no material off balance sheet arrangements. As such, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such financing arrangements, except for purchase commitments under supply agreements.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see Part II, Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Our exposure to market risk has not changed materially since December 31, 2022.

Credit Risk

The majority of our accounts receivable have payment terms of 60 days or less. As of September 30, 2023, two customers accounted for 16% and 14% of our total accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022, one customer collectively accounted for 22% of our total accounts receivable. We mitigate the associated credit risk by performing credit evaluations and monitoring the payment patterns of our customers. Please see Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for more information regarding credit risk of our customers.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In accordance with Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15, we have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2023. Disclosure controls refer to controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated by our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, and summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023, our principal executive officer and

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principal financial officer have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described below.

As discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, management identified a material weakness related to ineffective information technology general controls (“ITGCs”) in the areas of user access, application change management, operating system and logical access controls and segregation of duties for a third-party information technology (“IT”) system that supports the Company’s financial reporting process for its last mile logistics services, which includes the costs of providing that service and the associated pass through revenues. The material weakness did not result in any identified misstatements to the financial statements and there were no changes to previously released financial results.

Remediation Plan for Material Weakness

In response to the material weakness, management, with oversight of the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, has substantially completed its design and implementation of what we believe are effective measures to strengthen our internal controls over financial reporting and remediate the material weakness. Our internal control remediation efforts included:

● developed and implemented an internal use software to replace the third-party IT system;

● enhanced risk assessment procedures and controls related to internally developed and third-party IT systems used by the Company; and

● implemented an IT management review and testing plan to monitor ITGCs with a specific focus on systems supporting our financial reporting process.

While these remedial actions are substantially complete, they continue to be subject to ongoing management evaluation and must operate effectively for a sufficient period of time before management considers the material weakness fully remediated.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for the changes discussed above, there were no changes in our system of internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.        Legal Proceedings

Due to the nature of our business, we may become, from time to time, involved in routine litigation or subject to disputes or claims related to our business activities. In the opinion of our management, there are no pending litigation, disputes or claims against us which, if decided adversely, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

On June 16, 2022, Cause Number CV20-09-372, styled Solaris Oilfield Site Services v. Brown County Appraisal District, was presented to the 35th District Court of Brown County, Texas. The 35^th District Court of Brown County ruled in favor of Brown County Appraisal District regarding the disqualification of our equipment for certain property tax exemptions. On July 20, 2022, we filed an appeal with the Eleventh District of Texas – Eastland Court of Appeals, and an appellate hearing relating thereto was held on April 13, 2023. We anticipate that a final ruling from the Eastland Court of Appeals will be delivered sometime in the fourth quarter of 2023. In connection therewith, we have recognized $3.1 million in Accrued Liabilities as of September 30, 2023. No additional contingencies were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. If this litigation is ultimately resolved against us, in whole or in part, it is possible that the resolution of this matter could be material to our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A.      Risk Factors

Factors that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results or liquidity and the trading price of our Class A common stock are described under Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 9, 2023. As of the date of this filing, there have been no material updates to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 2.        Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

28

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table presents the total number of shares of our Class A common stock that we purchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and the average price paid per share:

				Total Number of
				Shares		Maximum Dollar
				Purchased		Value of Shares
	Total Number of	Average Price		as Part of Publicly		that May Yet be
	Shares	Paid Per		Announced		Purchased Under
Period	Purchased (1)	Share		Plan (2)		the Plan (2)
January 1 - January 31	—	$	—	—	$	50,000,000
February 1 - February 28	—		—	—		50,000,000
March 1 - March 31	1,788,838		8.82	1,641,000		35,557,509
April 1 - April 30	1,957		8.75	—		35,557,509
May 1 - May 31	1,144,100		7.81	1,144,100		26,627,518
June 1 - June 30	294,146		8.23	293,400		24,212,452
July 1 - July 31	876		8.72	—		24,212,452
August 1 - August 31	884		10.57	—		24,212,452
September 1 - September 30	—		—	—		24,212,452
Total	3,230,801	$	8.41	3,078,500

(1) Includes 3,078,500 shares repurchased as part of the share repurchase plan and 152,301 shares purchased to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock awarded to certain of our employees.

(2) In March 2023, the Company’s board of directors authorized a plan to repurchase up to $50 million of our Class A common stock.

Item 3.Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5.Other Information

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

29

Item 6.Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-38090) filed with the Commission on May 23, 2017).
3.2	Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-38090) filed with the Commission on May 22, 2023).
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-38090) filed with the Commission on May 23, 2017).
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (Embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

*     Filed herewith.

**   Furnished herewith. Pursuant to SEC Release No. 33-8212, this certification will be treated as “accompanying” this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and not “filed” as part of such report for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and this certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

# Certain schedules, annexes or exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K, but will be furnished supplementally to the SEC upon request.

30

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	SOLARIS OILFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.
October 30, 2023	By:	/s/ William A. Zartler
		William A. Zartler
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
October 30, 2023	By:	/s/ Kyle S. Ramachandran
		Kyle S. Ramachandran
		President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

31

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A) AND RULE 15D-14(A) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

I, William A. Zartler, certify that:

1.           I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2.           Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.           Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.           The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)           designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)           designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.           The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)           all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)           any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 30, 2023

reg

/s/ William A. Zartler

William A. Zartler

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A) AND RULE 15D-14(A) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

I, Kyle S. Ramachandran, certify that:

1.           I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2.           Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.           Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.           The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)           designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)           designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)           evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.           The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)           all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)           any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 30, 2023

/s/ Kyle S. Ramachandran

Kyle S. Ramachandran

President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 (SUBSECTIONS (a) AND (b)
OF SECTION 1350, CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE)

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), I, William A. Zartler, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify, to my knowledge, that:

(1)the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated:	October 30, 2023	/s/ William A. Zartler
		William A. Zartler
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 (SUBSECTIONS (a) AND (b)
OF SECTION 1350, CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE)

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), I, Kyle S. Ramachandran, President and Chief Financial Officer of Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify, to my knowledge, that:

(1)the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated:	October 30, 2023	/s/ Kyle S. Ramachandran
		Kyle S. Ramachandran
		President and Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 25, 2023
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38090
Entity Registrant Name	SOLARIS OILFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	81-5223109
Entity Address, Address Line One	9651 Katy Freeway, Suite 300
Entity Address, City or Town	Houston
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77024
City Area Code	281
Local Phone Number	501-3070
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	SOI
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001697500
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Former Address
Document and Entity Information
Entity Address, Address Line One	9811 Katy Freeway, Suite 700
Entity Address, City or Town	Houston
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77024
Class A Common Stock
Document and Entity Information
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		30,581,265
Class B Common Stock
Document and Entity Information
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		13,671,971

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,451	$ 8,835
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,633	5,151
Inventories	7,447	5,289
Assets held for sale	3,000
Total current assets	74,891	88,743
Property, plant and equipment, net	327,427	298,160
Non-current inventories	1,856	1,569
Operating lease right-of-use assets	12,773	4,033
Goodwill	13,004	13,004
Intangible assets, net	884	1,429
Deferred tax assets	49,398	55,370
Other assets	275	268
Total assets	480,508	462,576
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	20,053	25,934
Accrued liabilities	18,002	25,252
Current portion of payables related to Tax Receivable Agreement		1,092
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,599	917
Current portion of finance lease liabilities	2,429	1,924
Other current liabilities	822	790
Total current liabilities	42,905	55,909
Operating lease liabilities, net of current	13,197	6,212
Borrowings under the credit agreement	37,000	8,000
Finance lease liabilities, net of current	3,029	3,429
Payables related to Tax Receivable Agreement	71,530	71,530
Other long-term liabilities	120	367
Total liabilities	167,781	145,447
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding
Additional paid-in capital	187,700	202,551
Retained earnings	16,811	12,847
Total stockholders' equity attributable to Solaris	204,802	215,715
Non-controlling interest	107,925	101,414
Total stockholders' equity	312,727	317,129
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	480,508	462,576
Related Party
Current assets:
Accounts receivable	7,065	4,925
Nonrelated Party
Current assets:
Accounts receivable	48,295	64,543
Class A Common Stock
Stockholders' equity:
Common Stock	291	317
Class B Common Stock
Stockholders' equity:
Common Stock

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Allowance for credit losses	$ 316	$ 385
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	50,000	50,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Class A Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	600,000	600,000
Common stock, shares issued	29,052	31,641
Common stock, shares outstanding	29,052	31,641
Class B Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00	$ 0.00
Common stock, shares authorized	180,000	180,000
Common stock, shares issued	13,674	13,674
Common stock, shares outstanding	13,674	13,674

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue:
Revenue	$ 69,676	$ 92,325	$ 229,600	$ 235,951
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of services (excluding depreciation)	42,102	64,171	140,977	163,079
Depreciation and amortization	9,179	7,716	26,667	21,777
Property tax contingency				3,072
Selling, general and administrative	6,359	5,929	19,722	17,202
Impairment of fixed assets	1,423		1,423
Other operating (income)/expense, net	613	524	150	(899)
Total operating costs and expenses	59,676	78,340	188,939	204,231
Operating income	10,000	13,985	40,661	31,720
Interest expense, net	(1,057)	(141)	(2,395)	(308)
Total other expense	(1,057)	(141)	(2,395)	(308)
Income before income tax expense	8,943	13,844	38,266	31,412
Income tax expense	(1,305)	(2,332)	(6,450)	(5,889)
Net income	7,638	11,512	31,816	25,523
Less: net income related to non-controlling interests	(2,704)	(4,106)	(11,781)	(9,162)
Net income attributable to Solaris	4,934	7,406	20,035	16,361
Related Party
Revenue:
Revenue	5,249	2,949	17,420	13,609
Nonrelated Party
Revenue:
Revenue	$ 64,427	$ 89,376	$ 212,180	$ 222,342
Class A Common Stock
Operating costs and expenses:
Income per share of Class A common stock - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.16	$ 0.22	$ 0.64	$ 0.49
Income per share of Class A common stock - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.16	$ 0.22	$ 0.64	$ 0.49
Basic weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding (in shares)	29,025,293	31,598,612	29,919,094	31,424,530
Diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding (in shares)	29,025,293	31,598,612	29,919,094	31,424,530

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock Class A Common Stock	Common Stock Class B Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Non-controlling Interest	Total
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 312		$ 196,912	$ 5,925	$ 94,727	$ 297,876
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	31,146	13,770
Changes in Stockholders' Equity
Net effect of deferred tax asset and payables related to the vesting of restricted stock			610			610
Stock-based compensation			1,188		520	1,708
Vesting of restricted stock	$ 3		574		(577)
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	366
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting	$ (1)		(302)	(388)	(299)	(990)
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting (in shares)	(96)
Unitholder Distributions					(1,446)	(1,446)
Dividends paid (Class A common stock)				(3,441)		(3,441)
Net income				3,502	2,220	5,722
Balance at end of period at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 314		198,982	5,598	95,145	300,039
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	31,416	13,770
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 312		196,912	5,925	94,727	297,876
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	31,146	13,770
Changes in Stockholders' Equity
Net income						25,523
Balance at end of period at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 316		201,720	11,509	99,204	312,749
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	31,638	13,674
Balance at beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 314		198,982	5,598	95,145	300,039
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	31,416	13,770
Changes in Stockholders' Equity
Exchange of Solaris LLC Units and shares of Class B common stock for shares of Class A common stock	$ 1		683		(684)
Exchange of Solaris LLC Units and shares of Class B common stock for shares of Class A common stock (in shares)	96	(96)
Net effect of deferred tax asset and payables related to Tax Receivable Agreement from the exchange of Solaris LLC Units and shares of Class B common stock for shares of Class A common stock and the vesting of restricted stock			(437)			(437)
Stock-based compensation			1,121		490	1,611
Vesting of restricted stock			9		(9)
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	7
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting			(4)	(6)	(7)	(17)
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting (in shares)	(2)
Solaris LLC distribution paid to Solaris LLC unitholders for income tax withholding					(1,446)	(1,446)
Dividends paid (Class A common stock)				(3,444)		(3,444)
Net income				5,453	2,836	8,289
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 315		200,354	7,601	96,325	304,595
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	31,517	13,674
Changes in Stockholders' Equity
Net effect of deferred tax asset and payables related to the vesting of restricted stock			(9)			(9)
Stock-based compensation			1,146		496	1,642
Vesting of restricted stock	$ 1		258		(259)
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	130
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting			(29)	(36)	(28)	(93)
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting (in shares)	(9)
Solaris LLC distribution paid to Solaris LLC unitholders for income tax withholding					(1,436)	(1,436)
Dividends paid (Class A common stock)				(3,462)		(3,462)
Net income				7,406	4,106	11,512
Balance at end of period at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 316		201,720	11,509	99,204	312,749
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	31,638	13,674
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 317		202,551	12,847	101,414	317,129
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	31,641	13,674
Changes in Stockholders' Equity
Share and unit repurchases and retirements	$ (17)		(10,543)	(3,295)	(572)	(14,427)
Share and unit repurchases and retirements (in shares)	(1,641)
Net effect of deferred tax asset and payables related to the vesting of restricted stock			594			594
Stock-based compensation			1,494		660	2,154
Vesting of restricted stock	$ 5		903		(908)
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	547
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting	$ (1)		(536)	(384)	(415)	(1,336)
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting (in shares)	(148)
Unitholder Distributions					(1,985)	(1,985)
Dividends paid (Class A common stock)				(3,656)		(3,656)
Net income				7,569	4,368	11,937
Balance at end of period at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 304		194,463	13,081	102,562	310,410
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	30,399	13,674
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 317		202,551	12,847	101,414	317,129
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	31,641	13,674
Changes in Stockholders' Equity
Net income						31,816
Balance at end of period at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 291		187,700	16,811	107,925	312,727
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	29,052	13,674
Balance at beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 304		194,463	13,081	102,562	310,410
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	30,399	13,674
Changes in Stockholders' Equity
Share and unit repurchases and retirements	$ (14)		(9,222)	(1,990)	(104)	(11,330)
Share and unit repurchases and retirements (in shares)	(1,438)
Stock-based compensation			1,399		647	2,046
Vesting of restricted stock	$ 1		16		(17)
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	10
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting	$ (1)		(9)	(2)	(7)	(19)
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting (in shares)	(3)
Unitholder Distributions					(1,504)	(1,504)
Dividends paid (Class A common stock)				(3,388)		(3,388)
Net income				7,532	4,709	12,241
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 290		186,647	15,233	106,286	308,456
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	28,968	13,674
Changes in Stockholders' Equity
Net effect of deferred tax asset and payables related to the vesting of restricted stock			(536)			(536)
Stock-based compensation			1,387		653	2,040
Vesting of restricted stock	$ 1		209		(210)
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	85
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting			(7)	2	(4)	(9)
Cancelled shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting (in shares)	(1)
Unitholder Distributions					(1,504)	(1,504)
Dividends paid (Class A common stock)				(3,358)		(3,358)
Net income				4,934	2,704	7,638
Balance at end of period at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 291		$ 187,700	$ 16,811	$ 107,925	$ 312,727
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	29,052	13,674

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Distributions paid to unit holders (in dollars per unit)	$ 0.105	$ 0.105
Cash dividends paid (in dollars per share)	$ 0.105	$ 0.105

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 31,816	$ 25,523
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	26,667	21,777
Impairment of fixed assets	1,423
Loss on disposal of assets	604	1,307
Allowance for credit losses	160	(420)
Stock-based compensation	5,830	4,665
Amortization of debt issuance costs	114	127
Deferred income tax expense	6,019	5,143
Change in payables related to parties pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement		(654)
Other	(178)	(178)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	16,088	(38,563)
Accounts receivable - related party	(2,140)	1,011
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	263	2,972
Inventories	(5,020)	(4,744)
Accounts payable	(6,469)	12,569
Accrued liabilities	(7,744)	10,305
Property tax contingency		3,072
Payments pursuant to tax receivable agreement	(1,092)
Net cash provided by operating activities	66,341	43,912
Cash flows from investing activities:
Investment in property, plant and equipment	(57,117)	(59,527)
Cash received from insurance proceeds	122	1,308
Proceeds from disposal of assets	2,165	422
Net cash used in investing activities	(54,830)	(57,797)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Share repurchases	(25,757)
Distribution to unitholders (includes distribution of $4.5 million at $0.11/unit and $4.3 million at $0.105/unit, respectively)	(4,993)	(4,327)
Dividend paid to Class A common stock shareholders	(10,402)	(10,348)
Borrowings under the credit agreement	35,000	9,000
Repayment of credit agreement	(6,000)	(3,000)
Payments under finance leases	(1,908)	(1,100)
Payments under insurance premium financing	(1,380)	(946)
Payments related to debt issuance cost	(91)	(358)
Payments for shares withheld for taxes from RSU vesting and cancelled	(1,364)	(1,100)
Net cash used in financing activities	(16,895)	(12,179)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(5,384)	(26,064)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	8,835	36,497
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	3,451	10,433
Investing:
Capitalized depreciation in property, plant and equipment	202	424
Capitalized stock based compensation	410	296
Property and equipment additions incurred but not paid at period-end	588	3,436
Property, plant and equipment additions transferred from inventory	2,575	1,210
Additions to fixed assets through finance leases	2,012	4,554
Financing:
Insurance premium financing	283	806
Cash paid for:
Interest	2,079	102
Income Taxes	$ 478	$ 370

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Cash dividends paid (in dollars per share)	$ 0.11	$ 0.105
Distribution to unitholders	$ 4.5	$ 4.3

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Organization and Background of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization and Background of Business

Organization and Background of Business

1.    Organization and Background of Business

Description of Business

We design and manufacture specialized equipment, which combined with field technician support, last mile logistics services and our software solutions, enables us to provide a service offering that helps oil and natural gas operators and their suppliers drive efficiencies that reduce operational footprint and costs during the completion phase of well development. Our equipment and services are deployed across active oil and natural gas basins in the United States.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (either individually or together with its subsidiaries, as the context requires, “Solaris Inc.” or the “Company”) is the managing member of Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, LLC (“Solaris LLC”) and is responsible for all operational, management and administrative decisions relating to Solaris LLC’s business. Solaris Inc. consolidates the financial results of Solaris LLC and its subsidiaries and reports a non-controlling interest related to the portion of the units in Solaris LLC (the “Solaris LLC Units”) not owned by Solaris Inc., which will reduce net income attributable to the holders of Solaris Inc.’s Class A common stock.

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for fair presentation. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year or for any interim period.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information or notes required by GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read together with Solaris Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and notes thereto.

All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Global Economic, Geopolitical and Market Conditions

The recent conflict in the Israel-Gaza region and the ongoing war in Ukraine each have the potential to disrupt the supply and demand for oil and natural gas across the globe. The degree to which these and other events outside of our control adversely impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, cannot be predicted and are outside of our control. The timing, extent, trajectory and duration of their impacts upon our business and the industry in which we, our customers and vendors operate could impact any subsequent recovery of normal economic and operating conditions.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The most significant estimates are related to stock-based compensation, useful lives and salvage values of long-lived assets, future cash flows associated with goodwill and long-lived asset impairment evaluations, net realizable value of inventory, income taxes, Tax Receivable Agreement liability, collectability of accounts receivable and estimates of allowance for credit losses and determination of the present value of lease payments and right-of-use assets.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities, as well as other recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements such as goodwill impairment and long lived assets impairment, are to be measured using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, which are as follows:

● Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date;

● Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or other inputs corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

● Level 3—Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities based on the best information available.

Nonrecurring measurements

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These items are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but may be subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. As of September 30, 2023, these assets include certain systems and related equipment that met the held for sale criteria upon entering into a non-binding sale agreement with a third party. These assets were recorded to assets held for sale at a total fair value of $3.0 million in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company determined the fair value based on the sale price included in the non-binding sale agreement, which is a Level 3 input. As the carrying value of the fixed assets classified as held for sale exceeded their fair value less estimated costs to sell, we recorded an impairment of $1.4 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenues from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”). Under ASC Topic 606, revenue recognition is based on the transfer of control, or the customer’s ability to benefit from our services and products in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those services and products.

The majority of our contracts contain multiple performance obligations, such as work orders containing a combination of equipment, last mile logistics services, and labor services. We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative stand-alone selling prices, or estimates of such prices, and recognize the related revenue as control of each individual product or service is transferred to the customer, in satisfaction of the corresponding performance obligations. We measure progress using an input method based on resources consumed or expended relative to the total resources expected to be consumed or expended. We assess our customers’ ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including historical payment experience and financial condition and we typically charge our customers on a weekly or monthly basis. Contracts with customers are typically on thirty- to sixty-day payment terms.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenues from our contracts disaggregated by revenue generating activity contained therein for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Wellsite services	$	69.5	$	92.1	$	229.1	$	235.2
Transloading and Other		0.2		0.2		0.5		0.8
Total revenue	$	69.7	$	92.3	$	229.6	$	236.0

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform, which provided temporary optional guidance to companies impacted by the transition away from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The guidance provided certain expedients and exceptions to applying GAAP in order to lessen the potential accounting burden when contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR as a benchmark rate are modified. The original guidance expired on December 31, 2022, and ASU No. 2022-06 extended the effective date of the guidance to December 31, 2024. As described more fully in Note 7. “Income Taxes,” the Tax Receivable Agreement was amended on June 27, 2023, to replace the references to LIBOR.

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Property, Plant and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment

3.    Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. We manufacture or construct most of our systems. During the manufacturing of these assets, they are reflected as systems in process until complete. Modifications to existing systems, including the expenditures for upgrades and enhancements that result in additional functionality, increased efficiency, or the extension of the estimated useful life, are capitalized.

As of September 30, 2023, we classified $4.4 million of certain systems and related equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, to assets held for sale upon entering into a non-binding sale agreement with a third party. As the carrying value of the fixed assets classified as held for sale exceeded their fair value less estimated costs to sell, we recorded an impairment of $1.4 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Systems and related equipment	$	404.4	$	369.3
Systems in process		44.0		30.1
Computer hardware and software		3.9		1.7
Machinery and equipment		5.7		5.4
Vehicles		14.2		13.2
Buildings		4.8		4.6
Land		0.6		0.6
Furniture and fixtures		1.3		0.4
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$	478.9	$	425.3
Less: accumulated depreciation		(151.5)		(127.1)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	327.4	$	298.2

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases

Leases

4.        Leases

The Company leases offices and storage from third-parties for our corporate and field locations under operating leases, which include commitments related to the guarantee of lease agreement with Solaris Energy Management, LLC, a related party of the Company, related to the rental of office space. Refer to Note 10. “Related Party Transactions” for additional information regarding related party transactions recognized. Upon completion of the primary term, both parties have substantive rights to terminate the leases. As a result, enforceable rights and obligations do not exist under the rental agreements subsequent to the primary term.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had property, plant and equipment under finance leases with a cost of $9.2 and $7.2, respectively, and accumulated depreciation of $2.7 and $0.9, respectively.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Operating lease cost (1)	$	0.5	$	0.4	$	1.5	$	1.0
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets		0.6		0.2		1.8		1.1
Interest on lease liabilities		0.1		0.1		0.3		0.1
Total finance lease cost	$	0.7	$	0.3	$	2.1	$	1.2

(1)Includes short term leases.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of September 30, 2023 were as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023 (remainder of)	$	0.6		0.7
2024		2.6		2.7
2025		2.4		2.0
2026		2.3		0.5
2027		2.3		—
2028		2.0		—
Thereafter		9.5		—
Total future minimum lease payments		21.7		5.9
Less: effects of discounting		(6.9)		(0.4)
Total lease liabilities	$	14.8	$	5.5

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1.1	$	0.9
Financing cash flows from finance leases		1.9		1.1

Other information related to leases was as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases		10.3 years		11.9 years
Finance leases		2.7 years		2.9 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		6.9%		6.3%
Finance leases		5.7%		5.7%

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Senior Secured Credit Facility

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Senior Secured Credit Facility

Senior Secured Credit Facility

5.    Senior Secured Credit Facility

On April 28, 2023, Solaris LLC executed Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, by and among Solaris LLC, as borrower, each of the guarantors party thereto, each of the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (the “2023 Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), which was entered into on April 26, 2019, by and among Solaris LLC, as borrower, each of the guarantors party thereto, each of the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and contained an initial $50.0 borrowing facility. The 2023 Amendment introduced an additional $25.0 facility (the “Additional Facility”) to increase available borrowings under the Credit Agreement from $50.0 to $75.0 (the “Loan”) while preserving the original accordion feature, to provide for a maximum of $100.0 of total available capacity under the Credit Agreement. As more fully described in the 2023 Amendment, certain covenant requirements were also modified. The 2023 Amendment contains a reducing revolver feature whereby the Additional Facility will reduce 15% beginning in the first quarter of 2024 through the fourth quarter of 2024 and 20% thereafter with the balance due at maturity. The Credit Agreement continues to have a maturity date of April 26, 2025.

As of September 30, 2023, we had $37.0 borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement and have the ability to draw up to an additional $38.0.

Our obligations under the Loan are generally secured by a pledge of substantially all the assets of Solaris LLC and its subsidiaries, and such obligations are guaranteed by Solaris LLC’s domestic subsidiaries other than Immaterial Subsidiaries (as defined in the Credit Agreement). We have the option to prepay the loans at any time without penalty.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin, and interest is payable quarterly for alternate base rate loans or the last business day of the interest period applicable to SOFR loans. The applicable margin ranges from 2.75% to 3.75% for SOFR loans and 1.75% to 2.75% for alternate base rate loans, in each case depending on our total leverage ratio and loan tranche. The Credit Agreement requires that we pay a quarterly commitment fee on undrawn amounts of the Loan, ranging from 0.375% to 0.5% depending upon the total leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate on the borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2023 was approximately 8.34%.

The Credit Agreement requires that we maintain ratios of (i) consolidated EBITDA to interest expense of not less than 2.75 to 1.00, (ii) senior indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA of not more than 2.50 to 1.00 and (iii) the sum of 100% of eligible accounts, inventory and fixed assets to the total revolving exposure of not less than 1.00 to 1.00 when the total leverage ratio is greater than 2.00 to 1.00 and total revolving exposure under the Loan exceeds $3.0. For the purpose of these tests, certain items are subtracted from indebtedness and senior indebtedness. EBITDA, as defined in the Credit Agreement, excludes certain noncash items and any extraordinary, unusual or nonrecurring gains, losses or expenses.

The Credit Agreement also requires that we prepay any outstanding borrowings in the event our total consolidated cash balance exceeds $20.0 on the last business day of every other calendar week, taking into account certain adjustments. Capital expenditures are not restricted unless borrowings under the Loan exceed $5.0 for any 180 consecutive day period, in which case capital expenditures will be permitted up to $100.0 plus any unused availability for capital expenditures from the immediately preceding fiscal year.

As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

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Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity

Equity

6.    Equity

Dividends

Solaris LLC paid dividend distributions totaling $4.9 and $4.9 to all Solaris LLC unitholders in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of which $3.4 and $3.5 was paid to Solaris Inc. Solaris LLC paid dividend distributions totaling $14.9 and $14.7 to all Solaris LLC unitholders in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of which $10.4 and $10.3 was paid to Solaris Inc. Solaris Inc. used the proceeds from the distributions to pay quarterly cash dividends to all holders of shares of Class A common stock.

Share Repurchase Program

On March 1, 2023, the Company’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase plan to repurchase up to $50.0 of the Company’s Class A common stock until the plan terminates pursuant to its provisions. No shares were purchased and retired during the three months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Solaris Inc. purchased and retired 3,078,500 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an aggregate cost of $25.8, or $8.38 per share, under the share repurchase program. As of September 30, 2023, $24.2 remains available for future repurchases authorized under the share repurchase plan. The Company has accrued stock repurchase excise tax of $0.3 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s long-term incentive plan for employees, directors and consultants (the “LTIP”) provides for the grant of all or any of the following types of equity-based awards: (i) incentive stock options qualified as such under United States federal income tax laws; (ii) stock options that do not qualify as incentive stock options; (iii) stock appreciation rights; (iv) restricted stock awards; (v) restricted stock units; (vi) bonus stock; (vii) performance awards; (viii) dividend equivalents; (ix) other stock-based awards; (x) cash awards; and (xi) substitute awards.

Subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the LTIP, 5,118,080 shares of Solaris Inc.’s Class A common stock were originally reserved for issuance pursuant to awards under the LTIP and, pursuant to the First Amendment to the LTIP that was approved by the Company’s stockholders and became effective as of May 17, 2023, an additional 4,700,000 shares of Solaris Inc.’s Class A common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to awards under the LTIP. As of September 30, 2023, 5,417,457 shares of Solaris Inc.’s Class A common stock were available for grant under the LTIP.

The following table summarizes activity related to restricted stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Restricted Stock Awards
	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested at January 1, 2023	1,295,728	$	10.33
Awarded	790,201		9.19
Vested	(548,992)		9.74
Forfeited	(9,648)		9.82
Unvested at March 31, 2023	1,527,289	$	9.71
Awarded	16,038		7.48
Vested	(7,606)		10.70
Forfeited	(26,924)		9.66
Unvested at June 30, 2023	1,508,797	$	9.68
Awarded	128,355		10.53
Vested	(85,160)		10.58
Forfeited	(26,078)		9.51
Unvested at September 30, 2023	1,525,914	$	9.69

Of the 1,525,914 shares of restricted stock that remained unvested as of September 30, 2023, it is expected that 739,918 shares, 528,420 shares, and 257,576 shares will vest in 2024, 2025 and 2026, respectively, in each case, subject to the applicable vesting terms governing such shares of restricted stock. There was approximately $11.0 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock as of September 30, 2023. The unrecognized compensation expense will be recognized over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 1.1 years.

The following table summarizes activity related to PSUs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date Fair
	Number of Units	Value ($)
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	—	$	—
Granted	176,898		11.92
Forfeited	—		—
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	176,898	$	11.92
Granted	—		—
Forfeited	(4,686)		11.92
Outstanding at June 30, 2023	172,212	$	11.92
Granted	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	172,212	$	11.92

Of the 172,212 performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) that remained outstanding as of September 30, 2023, such PSUs had a weighted average grant date fair value of $11.92 per share. The performance criteria for the PSUs are split as follows:

● Relative PSUs: 50% of the PSUs are based on total shareholder return relative to the total shareholder return of a predetermined group of peer companies. This relative total shareholder return is calculated at the end of the performance periods stipulated in the PSU agreement.

● Absolute PSUs: 50% of the PSUs have a performance criteria of absolute total shareholder return calculated at the end of the performance period stipulated in the PSU agreement.

The vesting and payout of the PSUs occur when the related service condition is completed, which is approximately one to three years after the grant date depending on the stipulated performance period. The PSUs can be paid out in either Class A common stock or cash, at our election. Dividends accrue on PSUs and are paid upon vesting. As of September 30, 2023, $1.5 of compensation cost related to unvested PSUs remained to be recognized. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.

The grant date fair value was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method and is expensed ratably over the service period. Expected volatilities used in the fair value simulation were estimated using historical periods consistent with the remaining performance periods. The risk-free rate was based on the U.S. Treasury rate for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant. We used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of such PSUs (which, for purposes of clarity, were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023):

	Assumptions
Risk-free interest rate	4.6%
Volatility	58.93%

Income Per Share

Basic income per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income attributable to Solaris Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the same period. Diluted income per share is computed giving effect to all potentially dilutive shares.

The following table sets forth the calculation of income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Basic net income (loss) per share:	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator
Net income attributable to Solaris	$	4.9	$	7.4	$	20.0	$	16.4
Less: income attributable to participating securities (1)		(0.2)		(0.3)		(0.9)		(0.7)
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	4.7	$	7.1	$	19.1	$	15.7
Denominator
Weighted average number of unrestricted outstanding common shares used to calculate basic net income per share		29,025,293		31,598,612		29,919,094		31,424,530
Diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding used to calculate diluted net income per share		29,025,293		31,598,612		29,919,094		31,424,530
Income per share of Class A common stock - basic	$	0.16	$	0.22	$	0.64	$	0.49
Income per share of Class A common stock - diluted	$	0.16	$	0.22	$	0.64	$	0.49

(1) The Company’s restricted shares of common stock are participating securities.

The following number of weighted-average potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share because the effect of including such potentially dilutive shares would have been antidilutive upon conversion:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Class B common stock		13,671,971		13,671,971		13,671,971		13,731,975
Restricted stock awards		1,505,675		1,349,260		1,466,069		1,251,329
Performance-based restricted stock awards		270,373		—		134,488		—
Stock Options		6,605		7,013		6,605		7,063
Total		15,454,624		15,028,244		15,279,133		14,990,367

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

7. Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Solaris Inc. is a corporation and, as a result, is subject to United States federal, state and local income taxes. Solaris LLC is treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes and therefore does not pay United States federal income tax on its taxable income. Instead, the Solaris LLC unitholders, including Solaris Inc., are liable for United States federal income tax on their respective shares of Solaris LLC’s taxable income reported on the unitholders’ United States federal income tax returns. Solaris LLC is liable for income taxes in those states not recognizing its status as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized a combined United States federal and state expense for income taxes of $1.3 and $2.3, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized a combined United States federal and state expense for income taxes of $6.5 and $5.9, respectively. The effective combined United States federal and state income tax rates were 14.6% and 16.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective combined United States federal and state income tax rates were 16.9% and 18.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate primarily due to Solaris LLC’s treatment as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes.

The Company’s deferred tax position reflects the net tax effects of the temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax reporting. The largest components of the Company’s deferred tax position relate to the Company’s investment in Solaris LLC and net operating loss carryovers. The Company recorded a deferred tax asset and additional paid-in capital for the difference between the book value and the tax basis of the Company’s investment in Solaris LLC. This difference originates from the equity offerings of Class A common stock, exchanges of Solaris LLC Units (together with a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock) for shares of Class A common stock, and issuances of Class A common stock, and corresponding Solaris LLC Units, in connection with stock-based compensation.

Based on our cumulative earnings history and forecasted future sources of taxable income, we believe that we will be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future. As the Company reassesses this position in the future, changes in cumulative earnings history, excluding non-recurring charges, or changes to forecasted taxable income may alter this expectation and may result in an increase in the valuation allowance and an increase in the effective tax rate.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, contains rules that limit the ability of a company that undergoes an “ownership change” to utilize its net operating loss and tax credit carryovers and certain built-in losses recognized in years after the “ownership change.” An “ownership change” is generally defined as any change in ownership of more than 50% of a corporation’s stock over a rolling three-year period by stockholders that own (directly or indirectly) 5% or more of the stock of a corporation, or arising from a new issuance of stock by a corporation. If an ownership change occurs, Section 382 generally imposes an annual limitation on the use of pre-ownership change net operating loss carryovers to offset taxable income earned after the ownership change. We do not believe the Section 382 annual

limitation related to historical ownership changes impacts our ability to utilize our net operating losses; however, if we were to experience a future ownership change our ability to use net operating losses may be impacted.

Payables Related to the Tax Receivable Agreement

We made payments of $1.1 in January 2023 under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Solaris LLC made a tax distribution to Solaris Inc. of $1.1 in order to satisfy these obligations and concurrently made a cash distribution on a pro rata basis to each of the other members of Solaris LLC of $0.4. Future amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement are dependent upon future events.

As of September 30, 2023, our liability under the Tax Receivable Agreement was $71.5, representing 85% of the net cash savings in United States federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that Solaris Inc. anticipates realizing in future years from certain increases in tax basis and certain tax benefits attributable to imputed interest as a result of Solaris Inc.’s acquisition (or deemed acquisition for United States federal income tax purposes) of Solaris LLC Units in connection with our initial public offering or pursuant to an exercise of the Redemption Right or the Call Right (each as defined in the Solaris LLC Agreement) and additional tax basis arising from any payments Solaris Inc. makes under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

The projection of future taxable income involves significant judgment. Actual taxable income may differ from our estimates, which could significantly impact our liability under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Therefore, in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, we have recorded a liability under the Tax Receivable Agreement related to the tax savings we may realize from certain increases in tax basis and certain tax benefits attributable to imputed interest as a result of Solaris Inc.’s acquisition (or deemed acquisition for United States federal income tax purposes) of Solaris LLC Units in connection with the IPO or pursuant to an excise of the Redemption Right or the Call Right (each as defined in the Solaris LLC Agreement) and additional tax basis arising from any payments Solaris Inc. makes under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Solaris LLC may make tax distributions to Solaris Inc. in order for Solaris Inc. to satisfy its obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement and will be required to distribute cash pro rata to each of the other members of Solaris LLC, in accordance with the number of Solaris LLC Units owned by each member at that time.

On June 27, 2023, the Tax Receivable Agreement was amended to replace the references to one year LIBOR with references to the 12-month term SOFR published by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited plus 71.513 basis points, which is the benchmark replacement rate and additional margin that, under the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021, would have otherwise been inserted in place of references to LIBOR in the Tax Receivable Agreement following June 30, 2023.

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Concentrations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Concentrations

Concentrations

8.  Concentrations

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, two customers accounted for 13% and 12% of the Company’s revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, one customer accounted for 23% of the Company’s revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, three customers accounted for 12%, 12% and 11% of the Company’s revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, one customer accounted for 21% of the Company’s revenues. As of September 30, 2023, two customers accounted for 16% and 14% of the Company’s accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022, one customer accounted for 22% of the Company’s accounts receivable.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, one supplier accounted for 11% of the Company’s total purchases. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, one supplier accounted for 10% of the Company’s total purchases. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, no supplier accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases. As of September 30, 2023, two suppliers accounted for 16% and 11% of the Company’s accounts payable. As of December 31, 2022, one supplier accounted for 13% of the Company’s accounts payable.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

9.  Commitments and Contingencies

Tax Matters

We are subject to a number of state and local taxes that are not income-based. As many of these taxes are subject to assessment and audit by the taxing authorities, it is possible that an assessment or audit could result in additional taxes

due. We accrue additional taxes when we determine that it is probable that we will have incurred a liability and we can reasonably estimate the amount of the liability. On June 16, 2022, Cause Number CV20-09-372, styled Solaris Oilfield Site Services v. Brown County Appraisal District, was presented to the 35th District Court of Brown County, Texas. The 35^th District Court of Brown County ruled in favor of Brown County Appraisal District regarding the disqualification of our equipment for certain property tax exemptions. On July 20, 2022, we filed an appeal with the Eleventh District of Texas – Eastland Court of Appeals, and an appellate hearing relating thereto was held on April 13, 2023. We anticipate that a final ruling from the Eastland Court of Appeals will be delivered sometime in the fourth quarter of 2023. In connection therewith, we have recognized $3.1 in accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2023. No additional contingencies were recognized during the three and nine months period ended September 30, 2023. If this litigation is ultimately resolved against us, in whole or in part, it is possible that the resolution of this matter could be material to our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

Litigation and Claims

In the normal course of business, the Company is subjected to various claims, legal actions, contract negotiations and disputes. The Company provides for losses, if any, in the year in which they can be reasonably estimated. In management’s opinion, there are currently no such matters outstanding that would have a material effect on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Purchase Obligations

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into purchase obligations for products and services, primarily related to equipment or parts for manufacturing equipment. As of September 30, 2023, we had purchase obligations of approximately $6.2 million payable within the next twelve months.

See Note 10 “Related Party Transactions” for contingent payments related to contracts with customers.

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

10.  Related Party Transactions

The Company recognizes certain costs incurred in relation to transactions incurred in connection with the amended and restated administrative services agreement, dated May 17, 2017, between Solaris LLC and Solaris Energy Management, LLC, a company owned by William A. Zartler, the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. These services include rent paid for office space, travel services, personnel, consulting and administrative costs. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Solaris LLC paid $0.3 and $0.2, respectively, for these services, included in selling, general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Solaris LLC paid $0.8 and $0.7, respectively, for these services, included in selling, general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company included $0.1 and $0.1, respectively, in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company included $0.1 and $0.1, respectively, of accruals to related parties in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company has executed a guarantee of lease agreement with Solaris Energy Management, LLC, a related party of the Company, related to the rental of office space. The total future guaranty under the guarantee of lease agreement with Solaris Energy Management, LLC is $3.7 as of September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, THRC Holdings, LP, an entity managed by THRC Management, LLC (collectively “THRC”), held shares representing a 11.1% ownership of the Company’s Class A common stock and 7.5% ownership of the total shares outstanding. THRC is affiliated with certain of the Company’s customers, including ProFrac Services, LLC and certain of the Company’s suppliers including Automatize Logistics, LLC, IOT-EQ, LLC and Cisco Logistics, LLC (together the “THRC Affiliates”). For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company recognized revenues related to our service offering provided to the THRC Affiliates of $5.2 and $2.9, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company recognized revenues related to our service offering provided to the THRC Affiliates of $17.4 and $13.6, respectively. Accounts receivable related to THRC Affiliates as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $7.1 and $4.9, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company recognized cost of services provided by THRC Affiliates of $0.3 and $1.4, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company recognized cost of services provided by THRC Affiliates of $1.9 and $3.1, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was $1.5 and $0.3, respectively, of accounts payable related to THRC Affiliates.

Solaris is the dedicated wellsite sand storage provider (“Services”) to certain THRC Affiliates. Solaris provides volume-based pricing for the Services and may be required to pay up to $4.0 in payments throughout a term ending in 2024, contingent upon the ability of these affiliates to meet minimum Services revenue thresholds. As of September 30, 2023, accounts payable to THRC Affiliates related to these services is $1.4, which was recognized in revenues.

On January 31, 2023, the Company made payments of $1.1 under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Solaris LLC made a cash distribution to Solaris Inc. of $1.1 to satisfy these obligations and concurrently made a cash distribution on a pro rata basis to each of the other members of Solaris LLC of $0.4.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. (either individually or together with its subsidiaries, as the context requires, “Solaris Inc.” or the “Company”) is the managing member of Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, LLC (“Solaris LLC”) and is responsible for all operational, management and administrative decisions relating to Solaris LLC’s business. Solaris Inc. consolidates the financial results of Solaris LLC and its subsidiaries and reports a non-controlling interest related to the portion of the units in Solaris LLC (the “Solaris LLC Units”) not owned by Solaris Inc., which will reduce net income attributable to the holders of Solaris Inc.’s Class A common stock.

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for fair presentation. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year or for any interim period.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information or notes required by GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read together with Solaris Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and notes thereto.

All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Global Economic, Geopolitical and Market Conditions

Global Economic, Geopolitical and Market Conditions

The recent conflict in the Israel-Gaza region and the ongoing war in Ukraine each have the potential to disrupt the supply and demand for oil and natural gas across the globe. The degree to which these and other events outside of our control adversely impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, cannot be predicted and are outside of our control. The timing, extent, trajectory and duration of their impacts upon our business and the industry in which we, our customers and vendors operate could impact any subsequent recovery of normal economic and operating conditions.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The most significant estimates are related to stock-based compensation, useful lives and salvage values of long-lived assets, future cash flows associated with goodwill and long-lived asset impairment evaluations, net realizable value of inventory, income taxes, Tax Receivable Agreement liability, collectability of accounts receivable and estimates of allowance for credit losses and determination of the present value of lease payments and right-of-use assets.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities, as well as other recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements such as goodwill impairment and long lived assets impairment, are to be measured using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, which are as follows:

● Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date;

● Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or other inputs corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

● Level 3—Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities based on the best information available.

Nonrecurring measurements

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These items are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but may be subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. As of September 30, 2023, these assets include certain systems and related equipment that met the held for sale criteria upon entering into a non-binding sale agreement with a third party. These assets were recorded to assets held for sale at a total fair value of $3.0 million in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company determined the fair value based on the sale price included in the non-binding sale agreement, which is a Level 3 input. As the carrying value of the fixed assets classified as held for sale exceeded their fair value less estimated costs to sell, we recorded an impairment of $1.4 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenues from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”). Under ASC Topic 606, revenue recognition is based on the transfer of control, or the customer’s ability to benefit from our services and products in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those services and products.

The majority of our contracts contain multiple performance obligations, such as work orders containing a combination of equipment, last mile logistics services, and labor services. We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative stand-alone selling prices, or estimates of such prices, and recognize the related revenue as control of each individual product or service is transferred to the customer, in satisfaction of the corresponding performance obligations. We measure progress using an input method based on resources consumed or expended relative to the total resources expected to be consumed or expended. We assess our customers’ ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including historical payment experience and financial condition and we typically charge our customers on a weekly or monthly basis. Contracts with customers are typically on thirty- to sixty-day payment terms.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenues from our contracts disaggregated by revenue generating activity contained therein for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Wellsite services	$	69.5	$	92.1	$	229.1	$	235.2
Transloading and Other		0.2		0.2		0.5		0.8
Total revenue	$	69.7	$	92.3	$	229.6	$	236.0

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform, which provided temporary optional guidance to companies impacted by the transition away from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The guidance provided certain expedients and exceptions to applying GAAP in order to lessen the potential accounting burden when contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR as a benchmark rate are modified. The original guidance expired on December 31, 2022, and ASU No. 2022-06 extended the effective date of the guidance to December 31, 2024. As described more fully in Note 7. “Income Taxes,” the Tax Receivable Agreement was amended on June 27, 2023, to replace the references to LIBOR.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of disaggregated revenues from contracts

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Wellsite services	$	69.5	$	92.1	$	229.1	$	235.2
Transloading and Other		0.2		0.2		0.5		0.8
Total revenue	$	69.7	$	92.3	$	229.6	$	236.0

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment

Schedule of property plant and equipment

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Systems and related equipment	$	404.4	$	369.3
Systems in process		44.0		30.1
Computer hardware and software		3.9		1.7
Machinery and equipment		5.7		5.4
Vehicles		14.2		13.2
Buildings		4.8		4.6
Land		0.6		0.6
Furniture and fixtures		1.3		0.4
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$	478.9	$	425.3
Less: accumulated depreciation		(151.5)		(127.1)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	327.4	$	298.2

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases

Schedule of components of lease expense

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Operating lease cost (1)	$	0.5	$	0.4	$	1.5	$	1.0
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets		0.6		0.2		1.8		1.1
Interest on lease liabilities		0.1		0.1		0.3		0.1
Total finance lease cost	$	0.7	$	0.3	$	2.1	$	1.2

Schedule of future minimum operating lease payments

Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023 (remainder of)	$	0.6		0.7
2024		2.6		2.7
2025		2.4		2.0
2026		2.3		0.5
2027		2.3		—
2028		2.0		—
Thereafter		9.5		—
Total future minimum lease payments		21.7		5.9
Less: effects of discounting		(6.9)		(0.4)
Total lease liabilities	$	14.8	$	5.5

Schedule of other information

	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1.1	$	0.9
Financing cash flows from finance leases		1.9		1.1

Other information related to leases was as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases		10.3 years		11.9 years
Finance leases		2.7 years		2.9 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		6.9%		6.3%
Finance leases		5.7%		5.7%

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Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity

Summary of activity related to restricted stock

	Restricted Stock Awards
	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested at January 1, 2023	1,295,728	$	10.33
Awarded	790,201		9.19
Vested	(548,992)		9.74
Forfeited	(9,648)		9.82
Unvested at March 31, 2023	1,527,289	$	9.71
Awarded	16,038		7.48
Vested	(7,606)		10.70
Forfeited	(26,924)		9.66
Unvested at June 30, 2023	1,508,797	$	9.68
Awarded	128,355		10.53
Vested	(85,160)		10.58
Forfeited	(26,078)		9.51
Unvested at September 30, 2023	1,525,914	$	9.69

Summary of activity related to PSUs

		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date Fair
	Number of Units	Value ($)
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	—	$	—
Granted	176,898		11.92
Forfeited	—		—
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	176,898	$	11.92
Granted	—		—
Forfeited	(4,686)		11.92
Outstanding at June 30, 2023	172,212	$	11.92
Granted	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	172,212	$	11.92

Schedule of assumptions used to estimate the fair value of PSUs granted

	Assumptions
Risk-free interest rate	4.6%
Volatility	58.93%

Schedule of income (loss) per share calculation

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Basic net income (loss) per share:	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator
Net income attributable to Solaris	$	4.9	$	7.4	$	20.0	$	16.4
Less: income attributable to participating securities (1)		(0.2)		(0.3)		(0.9)		(0.7)
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	4.7	$	7.1	$	19.1	$	15.7
Denominator
Weighted average number of unrestricted outstanding common shares used to calculate basic net income per share		29,025,293		31,598,612		29,919,094		31,424,530
Diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding used to calculate diluted net income per share		29,025,293		31,598,612		29,919,094		31,424,530
Income per share of Class A common stock - basic	$	0.16	$	0.22	$	0.64	$	0.49
Income per share of Class A common stock - diluted	$	0.16	$	0.22	$	0.64	$	0.49

(1) The Company’s restricted shares of common stock are participating securities.

Schedule of antidilutive shares

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Class B common stock		13,671,971		13,671,971		13,671,971		13,731,975
Restricted stock awards		1,505,675		1,349,260		1,466,069		1,251,329
Performance-based restricted stock awards		270,373		—		134,488		—
Stock Options		6,605		7,013		6,605		7,063
Total		15,454,624		15,028,244		15,279,133		14,990,367

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value Measurements (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets held for sale	$ 3,000	$ 3,000
Impairment of assets	1,423	1,423
Nonrecurring measurements
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets held for sale	$ 3,000	3,000
Impairment of assets		$ 1,400

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenues Disaggregated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 69,676	$ 92,325	$ 229,600	$ 235,951
Wellsite services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	69,500	92,100	229,100	235,200
Transloading and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 200	$ 200	$ 500	$ 800

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 478,900	$ 478,900	$ 425,300
Less: accumulated depreciation	(151,500)	(151,500)	(127,100)
Property, plant and equipment, net	327,427	327,427	298,160
Impairment of fixed assets	1,423	1,423
Systems and related equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, gross	404,400	404,400	369,300
Assets held for sale	4,400	4,400
Impairment of fixed assets		1,400
Systems in process
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, gross	44,000	44,000	30,100
Computer hardware and software
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, gross	3,900	3,900	1,700
Machinery and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, gross	5,700	5,700	5,400
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, gross	14,200	14,200	13,200
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, gross	4,800	4,800	4,600
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, gross	600	600	600
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 1,300	$ 1,300	$ 400

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Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases
Property, plant and equipment, cost	$ 478.9	$ 425.3
Accumulated depreciation	151.5	127.1
Finance leased assets
Leases
Property, plant and equipment, cost	9.2	7.2
Accumulated depreciation	$ 2.7	$ 0.9

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Leases - Lease cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Leases
Operating lease cost	$ 0.5	$ 0.4	$ 1.5	$ 1.0
Amortization of ROU assets	0.6	0.2	1.8	1.1
Interest on lease liabilities	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1
Total finance lease cost	$ 0.7	$ 0.3	$ 2.1	$ 1.2

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Leases - Maturities (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Operating lease obligations
2023 (remainder of)	$ 0.6
2024	2.6
2025	2.4
2026	2.3
2027	2.3
2028	2.0
Thereafter	9.5
Total future minimum lease payments	21.7
Less: effects of discounting	(6.9)
Total lease liabilities	14.8
Finance lease obligations
2023 (remainder of)	0.7
2024	2.7
2025	2.0
2026	0.5
Total future minimum lease payments	5.9
Less: effects of discounting	(0.4)
Total lease liabilities	$ 5.5

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Leases - Other (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 1,100	$ 900
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$ 1,908	$ 1,100
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term - Operating leases	10 years 3 months 18 days		11 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term - Finance leases	2 years 8 months 12 days		2 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted Average Discount Rate - Operating leases	6.90%		6.30%
Weighted Average Discount Rate - Finance leases	5.70%		5.70%

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Senior Secured Credit Facility (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Apr. 28, 2023	Apr. 26, 2019	Sep. 30, 2023
2019 Credit Agreement
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Maximum borrowing		$ 50.0
Cash adjustment to net indebtedness		$ 3.0
Senior indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA		2.50
Eligible accounts (as a percent)		100.00%
Eligible accounts to revolving exposure ratio		1.00
Leverage ratio for debt repayment		2.00
Ratio of consolidated EBITDA to fixed charges		2.75%
2023 Credit Agreement
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Maximum borrowing	$ 75.0
Potential additional borrowing available	25.0
Maximum borrowing capacity with accordion option	100.0
Cash threshold triggering repayment	20.0
Outstanding credit facility			$ 37.0
Remaining borrowing capacity			$ 38.0
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent)			8.34%
Cash threshold over a period of time triggering repayment	$ 5.0
Period for cash threshold repayment trigger	180 days
Maximum capital expenditures allowed	$ 100.0
2023 Credit Agreement | First quarter of 2024
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Reducing revolver, percentage	15.00%
2023 Credit Agreement | First quarter 2025
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Reducing revolver, percentage	20.00%
2023 Credit Agreement | Minimum
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Commitment fee (as a percent)	0.375%
2023 Credit Agreement | Maximum
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Commitment fee (as a percent)	0.50%
2023 Credit Agreement | SOFR | Minimum
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Interest rate	2.75%
2023 Credit Agreement | SOFR | Maximum
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Interest rate	3.75%
2023 Credit Agreement | Alternate base rate | Minimum
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Interest rate	1.75%
2023 Credit Agreement | Alternate base rate | Maximum
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Interest rate	2.75%

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Equity - Dividends (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Equity
Distributions paid to unit holders				$ 4,993	$ 4,327
Dividend paid to common stock		$ 3,400	$ 3,500	10,402	10,348
Solaris LLC
Equity
Distributions paid to unit holders	$ 400	$ 4,900	$ 4,900	$ 14,900	$ 14,700

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Equity - Share Repurchase (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 01, 2023
Equity
Repurchased and retired (in shares)	0
Remaining authorized for future repurchases	$ 24.2	$ 24.2
Stock repurchase excise tax		$ 0.3
Class A Common Stock
Equity
Repurchased and retired (in shares)		3,078,500
Repurchased and retired		$ 25.8
Average price (in dollars per share)		$ 8.38
Class A Common Stock | Maximum
Equity
Share Repurchase, Authorized			$ 50.0

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Equity - SBC (Details) - Class A Common Stock - shares	Sep. 30, 2023	May 17, 2023
LTIP
Stock-based compensation
Reserved for issuance (in shares)	5,118,080
Available for grant (in shares)	5,417,457
LTIP, 2023 Amendment
Stock-based compensation
Reserved for issuance (in shares)		4,700,000

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Equity - Restricted stock (Details) - Restricted stock awards - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Number of Shares
Unvested, beginning (in shares)	1,508,797	1,527,289	1,295,728	1,295,728
Awarded (in shares)	128,355	16,038	790,201
Vested (in shares)	(85,160)	(7,606)	(548,992)
Forfeited (in shares)	(26,078)	(26,924)	(9,648)
Unvested, end (in shares)	1,525,914	1,508,797	1,527,289	1,525,914
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, beginning (in dollars per share)	$ 9.68	$ 9.71	$ 10.33	$ 10.33
Awarded (in dollars per share)	10.53	7.48	9.19
Vested (in dollars per share)	10.58	10.70	9.74
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	9.51	9.66	9.82
Unvested, end (in dollars per share)	$ 9.69	$ 9.68	$ 9.71	$ 9.69
Other non-option information
Unrecognized compensation costs	$ 11.0			$ 11.0
Expected period for recognizing compensation expense				1 year 1 month 6 days
First vesting period
Number of Shares
Unvested, end (in shares)	739,918			739,918
Second vesting period
Number of Shares
Unvested, end (in shares)	528,420			528,420
Third vesting period
Number of Shares
Unvested, end (in shares)	257,576			257,576

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Equity - Performance Stock Units (Details) - Performance-based restricted stock awards - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Other non-option information
Relative PSUs (percentage)				50.00%
Absolute PSUs (percentage)				50.00%
Unrecognized compensation costs	$ 1.5			$ 1.5
Expected period for recognizing compensation expense				2 years 3 months 18 days
Assumptions
Expected risk-free rate of return (as a percent)			4.60%
Expected volatility (as a percent)			58.93%
Number of Shares
Unvested, beginning (in shares)	172,212	176,898
Granted (in shares)			176,898
Forfeited (in shares)		(4,686)
Unvested, end (in shares)	172,212	172,212	176,898	172,212
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, beginning (in dollars per share)	$ 11.92	$ 11.92
Granted (in dollars per share)			$ 11.92
Forfeited (in dollars per share)		11.92
Unvested, end (in dollars per share)	$ 11.92	$ 11.92	$ 11.92	$ 11.92
Minimum
Other non-option information
Vesting period				1 year
Maximum
Other non-option information
Vesting period				3 years

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Equity - EPS (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator
Net income attributable to Solaris	$ 4,934	$ 7,406	$ 20,035	$ 16,361
Less: income attributable to participating securities	(200)	(300)	(900)	(700)
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$ 4,700	$ 7,100	$ 19,100	$ 15,700
Class A Common Stock
Denominator
Weighted average number of unrestricted outstanding common shares used to calculate basic net income per share	29,025,293	31,598,612	29,919,094	31,424,530
Diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding used to calculate diluted net income per share	29,025,293	31,598,612	29,919,094	31,424,530
Income per share of Class A common stock - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.16	$ 0.22	$ 0.64	$ 0.49
Income per share of Class A common stock - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.16	$ 0.22	$ 0.64	$ 0.49

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Equity - Antidilutive (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Potentially dilutive shares
Excluded from EPS calculation (in shares)	15,454,624	15,028,244	15,279,133	14,990,367
Class B Common Stock
Potentially dilutive shares
Excluded from EPS calculation (in shares)	13,671,971	13,671,971	13,671,971	13,731,975
Restricted stock awards
Potentially dilutive shares
Excluded from EPS calculation (in shares)	1,505,675	1,349,260	1,466,069	1,251,329
Performance-based restricted stock awards
Potentially dilutive shares
Excluded from EPS calculation (in shares)	270,373		134,488
Employee Stock Option
Potentially dilutive shares
Excluded from EPS calculation (in shares)	6,605	7,013	6,605	7,063

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 27, 2023
Income tax expense		$ 1,305	$ 2,332	$ 6,450	$ 5,889
Effective tax rate		14.60%	16.80%	16.90%	18.70%
Distributions paid to unit holders				$ 4,993	$ 4,327
Solaris LLC
Distributions paid to unit holders	$ 400	$ 4,900	$ 4,900	$ 14,900	$ 14,700
Solaris LLC | Related Party
Distributions paid to unit holders	400
Tax Receivable Agreement
Payments pursuant to tax receivable agreement	1,100
Distributions paid to unit holders	1,100
Benefit of remaining cash savings (as a percent)				85.00%
Tax Receivable Agreement | SOFR
Interest rate						0.71513%
Tax Receivable Agreement | Related Party
Payments pursuant to tax receivable agreement	1,100
Distributions paid to unit holders	$ 1,100
Total notes payable		$ 71,500		$ 71,500

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Concentrations (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue | Customer | One Customer
Concentrations
Concentration risk (as a percent)	13.00%	23.00%	12.00%	21.00%
Revenue | Customer | Two Customers
Concentrations
Concentration risk (as a percent)	12.00%		12.00%
Revenue | Customer | Three Customers
Concentrations
Concentration risk (as a percent)			11.00%
Accounts receivable | Customer | One Customer
Concentrations
Concentration risk (as a percent)			16.00%		22.00%
Accounts receivable | Customer | Two Customers
Concentrations
Concentration risk (as a percent)			14.00%
Purchases | Supplier | One Supplier
Concentrations
Concentration risk (as a percent)	11.00%		10.00%
Accounts payables | Supplier | One Supplier
Concentrations
Concentration risk (as a percent)			16.00%		13.00%
Accounts payables | Supplier | Two Suppliers
Concentrations
Concentration risk (as a percent)			11.00%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Purchase obligations payable within the next twelve months	$ 6.2
Accrued tax expense
Other commitments	$ 3.1

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transactions
Other current liabilities		$ 822		$ 822		$ 790
Revenue		69,676	$ 92,325	229,600	$ 235,951
Distributions paid to unit holders				4,993	4,327
Tax Receivable Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Payments pursuant to tax receivable agreement	$ 1,100
Distributions paid to unit holders	1,100
Related Party
Related Party Transactions
Revenue		5,249	2,949	17,420	13,609
Related Party | William A. Zartler
Related Party Transactions
Payment made to related party		300	200	800	700
Other current liabilities		100		100		100
Related Party | William A. Zartler | Prepaid operating expenses and other current assets
Related Party Transactions
Due from related party		100		100		100
Related Party | Solaris Energy Management, LLC
Related Party Transactions
Other commitments		3,700		3,700
Related Party | THRC Affiliates
Related Party Transactions
Due from related party		7,100		7,100		4,900
Other current liabilities		1,500		1,500		$ 300
Revenue		5,200	2,900	17,400	13,600
Related party costs		300	1,400	1,900	3,100
Related Party | THRC Affiliates - Services
Related Party Transactions
Revenue				1,400
Other commitments		4,000		4,000
Related Party | Tax Receivable Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Payments pursuant to tax receivable agreement	1,100
Distributions paid to unit holders	1,100
Solaris LLC
Related Party Transactions
Distributions paid to unit holders	400	$ 4,900	$ 4,900	$ 14,900	$ 14,700
Solaris LLC | Related Party
Related Party Transactions
Distributions paid to unit holders	$ 400
THRC | Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure
Related Party Transactions
Noncontrolling interest (as a percent)		7.50%		7.50%
THRC | Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure | Class A Common Stock
Related Party Transactions
Noncontrolling interest (as a percent)		11.10%		11.10%

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ 4,934	$ 7,406	$ 20,035	$ 16,361

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false