Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Under ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), we generally use an estimated annual tax rate to record income taxes. For interim financial reporting, except in specified cases, the quarterly income tax provision aligns with the estimated annual tax rate, updated each quarter based on revised full-year pre-tax book earnings. In certain situations, the estimated annual tax rate may distort the interim income tax provision due to significant permanent differences. In such cases, the interim income tax provision is based on the year-to-date effective tax rate, adjusting for permanent differences proportionally. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, income taxes were calculated based on the estimated annual effective tax rate versus the year-to-date effective tax rate. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, income taxes were calculated based on the estimated annual tax rate. Our effective tax rate for continuing operations was 17.0% and 17.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and 23.0% and 22.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The difference between the effective tax rate and the statutory rate is generally attributable to permanent differences and discrete items. The change in our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in quarter to date pre-tax earnings and the impact of fixed dollar favorable permanent adjustments on the quarter.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of 100% bonus depreciation, restoration of an EBITDA-based limitation for business interest expense, and immediate expensing of domestic research and experimentation expenditures. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company has evaluated the OBBBA enacted during the quarter and is still estimating its impact on the consolidated financial statements. We will continue to evaluate the full impact of these legislative changes as additional guidance becomes available.