Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Note 11. Income Taxes The computation of the annual expected effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, the expected operating income (or loss) for the year, projections of the proportion of income (or loss) earned and taxed in foreign jurisdictions, permanent and temporary differences and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, more experience is acquired or additional information is obtained. The computation of the annual effective rate would include applicable modifications, which were projected for the year, such as certain book expenses not deductible for tax, tax credits and foreign deemed dividends. We recorded a tax (benefit) expense of $(0.9) million and $9.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Included in the tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were several U.S. tax (benefit) expense adjustments related to the enactment of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) including: (1) a tax benefit of $1.4 million from a decision to elect bonus depreciation in a prior year resulting in a Net Operating Loss (“NOL”) carryback and (2) tax expense of $10.3 million for an increase in a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets not expected to be realized. Also, included in tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was a tax expense in the amount of $1.6 million for a valuation allowance against our Canadian deferred tax asset based on management’s position that the Company has not met the more likely than not condition of realizing part of the deferred tax asset based on the existence of sufficient projected Canadian taxable income of the appropriate character to recognize the tax benefit. Included in tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was a tax expense for a valuation allowance in the amount of $9.8 million against our U.S. deferred tax asset based on management’s position that the Company has not met the more likely than not condition of realizing the deferred tax asset based on the existence of sufficient projected U.S. taxable income of the appropriate character to recognize the tax benefit. Without the valuation allowance, the net income tax benefit is approximately $0.2 million. Additionally, the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 included a tax expense (benefit) of $1.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the tax effect of stock awards. On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted and signed into law and includes several provisions for corporations including allowing companies to carryback certain NOLs and increasing the amount of NOLs that corporations can use to offset income. Corporate taxpayers may carryback NOLs originating during 2018 through 2020 for up to five years and the CARES Act removes the 80% taxable income limitation on utilization of those NOLs if carried back to prior tax years or utilized in tax years beginning before 2021, which was not previously allowed under the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”). The 2017 Tax Act was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The 2017 Tax Act significantly revised the U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, eliminating certain deductions, imposing a mandatory one-time tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of 2017, introducing new tax regimes, and changing how foreign earnings are subject to U.S. tax. Our preliminary estimate of the 2017 Tax Act and the remeasurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities is subject to the finalization of management’s analysis related to certain matters, such as developing interpretations of the provisions of the 2017 Tax Act, changes to certain estimates and the filing of our tax returns. U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting the 2017 Tax Act may require further adjustments and changes in our estimates. Those adjustments may impact our provision for income taxes in the period in which the adjustments are made. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax returns must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be required to be recognized upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. This standard also provides guidance on de-recognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting for interim periods, disclosure and transition issues with respect to tax positions. We include interest and penalties as a component of other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. There were no interest and penalties for the three months ended March 31, 2020. We recognized $26 thousand in interest and penalties for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Note 11. Income Taxes

The computation of the annual expected effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, the expected operating income (or loss) for the year, projections of the proportion of income (or loss) earned and taxed in foreign jurisdictions, permanent and temporary differences and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, more experience is acquired or additional information is obtained. The computation of the annual effective rate would include applicable modifications, which were projected for the year, such as certain book expenses not deductible for tax, tax credits and foreign deemed dividends.

We recorded a tax (benefit) expense of $(0.9) million and $9.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Included in the tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were several U.S. tax (benefit) expense adjustments related to the enactment of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) including: (1) a tax benefit of $1.4 million from a decision to elect bonus depreciation in a prior year resulting in a Net Operating Loss (“NOL”) carryback and (2) tax expense of $10.3 million for an increase in a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets not expected to be realized. Also, included in tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was a tax expense in the amount of $1.6 million for a valuation allowance against our Canadian deferred tax asset based on management’s position that the Company has not met the more likely than not condition of realizing part of the deferred tax asset based on the existence of sufficient projected Canadian taxable income of the appropriate character to recognize the tax benefit. Included in tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was a tax expense for a valuation allowance in the amount of $9.8 million against our U.S. deferred tax asset based on management’s position that the Company has not met the more likely than not condition of realizing the deferred tax asset based on the existence of sufficient projected U.S. taxable income of the appropriate character to recognize the tax benefit. Without the valuation allowance, the net income tax benefit is approximately $0.2 million. Additionally, the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 included a tax expense (benefit) of $1.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the tax effect of stock awards.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted and signed into law and includes several provisions for corporations including allowing companies to carryback certain NOLs and increasing the amount of NOLs that corporations can use to offset income. Corporate taxpayers may carryback NOLs originating during 2018 through 2020 for up to five years and the CARES Act removes the 80% taxable income limitation on utilization of those NOLs if carried back to prior tax years or utilized in tax years beginning before 2021, which was not previously allowed under the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”).

The 2017 Tax Act was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The 2017 Tax Act significantly revised the U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, eliminating certain deductions, imposing a mandatory one-time tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of 2017, introducing new tax regimes, and changing how foreign earnings are subject to U.S. tax. Our preliminary estimate of the 2017 Tax Act and the remeasurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities is subject to the finalization of management’s analysis related to certain matters, such as developing interpretations of the provisions of the 2017 Tax Act, changes to certain estimates and the filing of our tax returns. U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting the 2017 Tax Act may require further adjustments and changes in our estimates. Those adjustments may impact our provision for income taxes in the period in which the adjustments are made.

ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax returns must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be required to be recognized upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. This standard also provides guidance on de-recognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting for interim periods, disclosure and transition issues with respect to tax positions. We include interest and penalties as a component of other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. There were no interest and penalties for the three months ended March 31, 2020. We recognized $26 thousand in interest and penalties for the three months ended March 31, 2019.