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Share-based compensation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation
The Company adopted the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) to attract and retain independent directors, executive officers and other key employees and service providers. The 2017 Plan was approved by the Board of Directors and shareholders of the Company on March 10, 2017. The 2017 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors, who may grant awards covering a maximum of 4,000,000 of our ordinary shares under the 2017 Plan. The Compensation Committee may award share options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, share units, unrestricted shares, dividend equivalent rights, performance shares and other performance-based awards, other equity-based awards, and cash bonus awards. As of June 30, 2018, there were 1,317,396 shares available for future grants under the 2017 Plan.

Restricted share awards

Restricted share awards are granted to eligible employees, executives, and board members. Restricted shares are ordinary shares that are subject to restrictions and to a risk of forfeiture.

On May 16, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Board approved the issuance of 994,115 restricted share awards to employees and executives of the Company. Each award granted vests over a five year period with 25% of the underlying award vesting on the third anniversary of the grant date of the award, 25% vesting on the fourth anniversary of the grant date of the award and 50% vesting on the fifth anniversary of the grant date of the award.

On May 26, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Board approved the issuance of 410,096 restricted share awards to employees and executives of the Company and 51,569 restricted share awards to directors of the Company for their services as directors. Each award granted to employees and executives vests pro rata over a three year period. Each award granted to a director was fully vested on the date of grant.

On January 2, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board approved the issuance of 438,185 restricted share awards to employees and executives of the Company and 48,699 restricted share awards to directors of the Company for their services as directors. Each award granted to employees and executives vests pro rata over a three year period. Each award granted to a director was fully vested on the date of grant.

The vesting of restricted share awards is subject to the holder's continued employment through the applicable vesting date. Unvested awards will be forfeited if the employee's or the executive's employment terminates during the vesting period, provided that unvested awards will accelerate upon certain terminations of employment as set forth in the applicable award agreements. The holders of these awards have the right to vote the restricted shares and receive all dividends declared and paid on such shares, provided that dividends paid on unvested restricted shares will be subject to the same conditions and restrictions applicable to the underlying restricted shares.

Compensation expense for the restricted share awards is measured based upon the fair market value of our ordinary shares at the date of grant and compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

A summary of our restricted share awards from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 is as follows:
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested balance at January 1, 2018
1,265,830

 
$
10.19

Granted
486,884

 
10.78

Vested
(181,296
)
 
10.34

Forfeited
(22,735
)
 
10.20

Unvested balance at June 30, 2018
1,548,683

 
$
10.36



The total fair value of vested restricted share awards during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.9 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The total fair value of vested restricted share awards during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted share awards was $13.2 million and $13.9 million, respectively, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 3.1 years and 4.3 years, respectively.

Compensation expense related to the restricted share awards was $2.8 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.2 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Compensation expense is recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Performance share awards

Performance share awards consist of a grant of ordinary shares that may become earned and vested based on the achievement of performance targets adopted by our Compensation Committee. 

On May 26, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Board approved a target award of 265,222 performance shares to executives of the Company. The actual number of ordinary shares that ultimately vest will range from 0% to 150% of the target award and will be determined in 2020 based on two performance criteria as defined in the award agreements for the period of performance from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2019.

On January 2, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board approved a target award of 273,729 performance shares to executives of the Company. The actual number of ordinary shares that ultimately vest will range from 0% to 150% of the target award and will be determined in 2021 based on two performance criteria as defined in the award agreements for the period of performance from January 2, 2018 through December 31, 2020.

Any ordinary shares that ultimately vest based on the achievement of the applicable performance criteria will be deemed to be vested on the date on which our Compensation Committee certifies the level of achievement of such performance criteria. Except in connection with certain qualifying terminations of employment, as set forth in the applicable award agreements, the awards require continued service through the certification date. The holders of these awards have the right to vote the ordinary shares granted to the holder and any dividends declared on such shares will be accumulated and will be subject to the same vesting conditions as the awards. 

The grant date fair value of the portion of the award based on the compounded annual growth rate of the Company's total shareholder return was estimated using a Monte-Carlo model. The table below summarizes the key inputs used in the Monte-Carlo simulation ($ in thousands):
Performance Award Grant Date
 
Percentage of Total Award
 
Grant Date Fair Value by Component
 
Volatility (1)
 
Interest
Rate (2)
 
Dividend Yield
May 26, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Shareholder Return
 
50
%
 
$
770

 
27.02
%
 
1.39
%
 
—
%
Adjusted EBITDA Comparison
 
50
%
 
$
1,350

 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
January 2, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Shareholder Return
 
50
%
 
$
860

 
26.13
%
 
2.00
%
 
—
%
Adjusted EBITDA Comparison
 
50
%
 
$
1,475

 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
________
(1) Expected volatility was determined based on the historical share prices in our industry.
(2) The risk-free rate was based on U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the remaining term of the measurement period.

In the table above, the total shareholder return component is a market condition as defined by ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, and compensation expense related to this component is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The grant date fair value of the portion of the awards based on the compounded annual growth rate of the Company's adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) was based on the closing stock price of our ordinary shares on such date. The Adjusted EBITDA component is a performance condition as defined by ASC 718, and, therefore, compensation expense related to this component will be reassessed at each reporting date based on the Company's estimate of the probable level of achievement, and the accrual of compensation expense will be adjusted as appropriate.

As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the unrecognized compensation cost related to the performance share awards was $3.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years and 2.9 years, respectively. Compensation expense related to the performance share awards was approximately $1.1 million and less than $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.0 million and less than $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Compensation expense is recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).