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Unpaid Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Insurance [Abstract]  
Activity in the liability for unpaid loss and LAE
The following table presents the activities in the liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 ($ in millions):
December 31,
2023 2022
Unpaid loss and LAE as of January 1$256.2 $97.9 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable(1)
124.6 72.7 
Net unpaid loss and LAE as of January 1131.6 25.2 
Add: Incurred losses and LAE, net of reinsurance, related to:
Current year286.2 170.5 
Prior years(5.8)(3.2)
Total incurred280.4 167.3 
Deduct: Paid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance, related to:
Current year189.4 106.9 
Prior years80.5 30.1 
Total paid269.9 137.0 
Unpaid loss and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverable acquired from Metromile— 76.2 
Unpaid loss and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverable, as of December 31
142.1 131.6 
Reinsurance recoverable as of December 31(1)
120.2 124.6 
Unpaid loss and LAE, gross of reinsurance recoverable, as of December 31$262.3 $256.2 
(1) Reinsurance recoverable in this table includes only ceded unpaid loss and LAE.
Claims development information - incurred and paid losses
The following table presents incurred loss and ALAE, net of reinsurance, as well as IBNR loss reserves, net of reinsurance, and the number of reported claims ($ in millions, except for number of claims):
        December 31, 2023
         Cumulative
Number of
Reported Claims
December 31, 
201620172018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2023
IBNR (2)
(unaudited)(unaudited)(unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)  
Accident Year          
2016 (1)
$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 8
2017
— 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 — 1,756
2018
— — 15.0 13.5 13.4 13.4 13.4 13.4 — 10,527
2019
— — — 46.0 46.1 46.3 46.3 46.1 — 19,498
2020
— — — — 53.0 51.5 51.5 52.4 0.1 30,336
2021
— — — — — 59.4 55.9 58.4 0.6 53,442
2022
— — — — — — 96.5 92.6 3.5 55,758
2023
— — — — — — — 143.2 22.1 56,901
Total incurred losses and ALAE, net

$407.8 $26.3 228,226
(1)    Amounts in accident year 2016 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were less than $0.1 million, respectively.
(2)    IBNR, net of reinsurance as of December 31, 2023 for accident years 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 was less than $0.1 million.
The following table presents cumulative paid loss and ALAE, net of reinsurance ($ in millions):

December 31,
201620172018 2019 2020 2021
2022
2023
(unaudited)(unaudited)(unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)(unaudited)
Accident Year       
2016 (1)
$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
2017— 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 
2018— — 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.4 13.4 13.4 
2019— — — 36.4 46.1 46.3 46.3 46.2 
2020— — — — 43.1 50.2 51.3 52.0 
2021— — — — — 37.8 53.4 56.7 
2022— — — — — — 52.7 85.5 
2023— — — — — — — 88.9 
Total paid losses and ALAE, net$344.4 
Total unpaid loss and ALAE reserves, net$63.4 
Ceded unpaid loss and LAE$92.9 
Gross unpaid loss and LAE$156.3 
The following table presents incurred loss and ALAE, net of reinsurance, as well as IBNR loss reserves, net of reinsurance, and the number of reported claims ($ in millions, except for number of claims):
     December 31, 2023
      Cumulative
Number of
Reported Claims
December 31,   
 2020 20212022
2023
 IBNR
 (unaudited) (unaudited)(unaudited)   
Accident Year       
2020$0.7 $0.6 $1.0 $0.6 $— 20,873 
2021— 10.0 9.7 9.5 — 196,773 
2022
— — 27.4 25.3 0.1 375,550 
2023
— — — 51.9 5.1 488,943 
Total incurred losses and ALAE, net$87.3 $5.2 1,082,139 
The following table presents cumulative paid loss and ALAE, net of reinsurance ($ in millions):

December 31,
 20202021 
2022
2023
 (unaudited)(unaudited) (unaudited)
Accident Year    
2020$0.4 $0.6 $0.7 $0.7 
2021— 7.6 9.4 9.5 
2022
— — 21.8 25.1 
2023
— — — 45.8 
Total paid losses and ALAE, net$81.1 
Total unpaid loss and ALAE reserves, net$6.2 
Ceded unpaid loss and LAE7.8 
Gross unpaid loss and LAE$14.0 
The following table presents incurred loss and ALAE, net of reinsurance, as well as IBNR loss reserves, net of reinsurance, and the number of reported claims ($ in millions, except for number of claims):

     December 31, 2023
      Cumulative
Number of
Reported Claims
  
 20162017201820192020 20212022 
2023
IBNR
 (unaudited)(unaudited)(unaudited)(unaudited)(unaudited) (unaudited)(unaudited)   
Accident Year       
2016$1.6 $2.0 $1.7 $1.7 $1.7 $1.8 $2.0 $2.3 $— 1,640 
2017— 28.6 30.0 30.2 31.4 32.3 32.5 24.4 (0.1)29,057 
2018— — 31.4 29.7 31.9 31.8 33.9 26.2 0.7 44,102 
2019— — — 24.2 24.9 23.2 24.6 25.4 2.3 51,132 
2020— — — — 10.8 12.0 11.8 19.1 3.0 37,320 
2021— — — — — 75.3 75.3 86.8 6.3 43,091 
2022— — — — — — 83.1 92.0 11.2 46,623 
2023— — — — — — — 79.1 16.9 36,965 
Total incurred losses and ALAE, net$355.3 $40.3 289,930 
(1) Table above retrospectively includes Metromile's historical incurred accident year claim information for periods presented.
The following table presents cumulative paid loss and ALAE, net of reinsurance ($ in millions):

December 31,
201620172018 20192020 20212022
2023
(unaudited)(unaudited)(unaudited) (unaudited)(unaudited) (unaudited)(unaudited)
Accident Year    
2016$0.2 $1.2 $1.5 $1.6 $1.6 $1.7 $1.9 $2.2 
2017— 17.3 24.3 28.1 30.1 30.8 31.7 24.6 
2018— — 16.8 24.4 28.2 27.6 30.2 25.1 
2019— — — 13.5 18.7 14.5 18.8 22.3 
2020— — — — 5.2 (0.9)5.6 15.0 
2021
— — — — — 38.4 58.9 77.1 
2022— — — — — — 45.4 74.0 
2023— — — — — — — 43.2 
Total paid losses and ALAE, net$283.5 
Total unpaid loss and ALAE reserves, net (2)
$71.8 
Ceded unpaid loss and LAE$19.5 
Gross unpaid loss and LAE$91.3 
(1) Table above retrospectively includes Metromile's historical paid accident year claim information for periods presented.
(2) Includes the fair value adjustment on insurance contract intangible liability of $1.2 million.
Historical claims duration
Average annual percentage payout of accident year incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance (unaudited supplementary information)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Home and renters78 %15 %7 %
Average annual percentage payout of accident year incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance (unaudited supplementary information)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Pet100 %— %— %
Average annual percentage payout of accident year incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance (unaudited supplementary information)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Car53 %22 %25 %
Reconciliation of net incurred and paid loss information in the loss reserve rollforward and development tables
The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid loss information in the loss reserve rollforward table and development tables with respect to the current accident year is as follows ($ in millions):
December 31, 2023
Unpaid Loss and ALAE, net
Home and renters$63.4 
Pet6.2 
Car71.8 
141.4 
Reinsurance recoverable on Unpaid Loss and ALAE, net
Home and renters92.9 
Pet7.8 
Car19.5 
120.2 
Unallocated LAE0.7 
Gross Unpaid Loss and Loss Adjustment Expenses$262.3