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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Year Ended December 31,
201920182017
AmountPercentAmountPercentAmountPercent
Expected U.S. federal income taxes at statutory rate$(76,574) 21.0 %$(53,496) 21.0 %$(57,511) 35.0 %
Impact of 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act—  — %—  — %9,303  (5.7)%
Loss attributable to non-controlling interests52,496  (14.4)%41,024  (16.1)%52,607  (32.0)%
State taxes(2,945) 0.8 %(2,363) 0.9 %(553) 0.3 %
Valuation allowance18,039  (4.9)%14,771  (5.8)%(3,911) 2.4 %
Effect due to LLC flow-through structure10,004  (2.7)%—  — %—  — %
Other(1,020) 0.2 %65  0.0 %65  0.0 %
Income tax expense$—  — %$—  — %$—  — %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are as follows (in thousands):
 Years Ended December 31,
20192018
Deferred tax assets:
Investment in Carvana Group$155,775  $100,977  
Net operating loss carryforward44,771  23,323  
Interest expense carryforward13,721  2,262  
Tax credit carryforward586  —  
Total gross deferred tax assets214,853  126,562  
Valuation allowance(214,853) (126,562) 
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance$—  $—  
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles$(1,808) $(2,217) 
Total gross deferred tax liabilities(1,808) (2,217) 
Net deferred tax liabilities$(1,808) $(2,217)