(12)	Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The following table presents Newmark’s total revenues separately for its revenues from contracts with customers and our other sources of revenues (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Leasing and other commissions	$	159,371
Capital markets		101,364
Management services		96,933
Revenues		357,668
Other sources of revenue:
Gains from mortgage banking activities/originations, net⁽¹⁾		38,914
Servicing fees and other⁽¹⁾		33,878
Revenues	$	430,460

(1)	Although these items have customers under contract, they were recorded as other sources of revenue as they were excluded from the scope of ASU No. 2014-09.

The table below presents the impact to the Newmark’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statement of operations as a result of applying the new revenue recognition standard, as codified within ASC 606 (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	As Reported		Under Previous U.S. GAAP		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower) (1)
Income Statement
Revenues
Leasing and other commissions	$	159,371		148,754	$	10,617
Capital Markets		101,364		101,364		—
Gains from mortgage banking activities/originations, net		38,914		38,914		—
Management services, servicing fees and other		130,811		112,424		18,387

Expenses
Compensation and employee benefits		252,695		247,053		5,642
Operating, administrative and other	$	75,427		57,040	$	18,387

(1)	The amounts reflect each affected financial statement line item as they would have been reported under U.S. GAAP, prior to the adoption of the new revenue standard.

	March 31, 2018
	As Reported		Under Previous U.S. GAAP		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower) (1)
Balance Sheet
Receivables, net	$	293,148		214,695	$	78,453

Liabilities
Accrued compensation		205,732		168,338		37,394
Current portion of accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	165,746		148,466	$	17,280

(1)	The amounts reflect each affected financial statement line item as they would have been reported under U.S. GAAP, prior to the adoption of the new revenue standard

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when, or as, Newmark satisfies its performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services to the customers as determined by when, or as, the customer obtains control of that good or service. A performance obligation may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied over time is recognized by measuring Newmark’s progress in satisfying the performance obligation as evidenced by the transfer of the goods or services to the customer. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time is recognized at the point in time when the customer obtains control over the promised good or service. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration Newmark expects to be entitled to in exchange for those promised goods or services (i.e., the “transaction price”). In determining the transaction price, Newmark must consider consideration promised in a contract that includes a variable amount, referred to as variable consideration, and estimate the amount of consideration due Newmark. Additionally, variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. In determining when to include variable consideration in the transaction price, Newmark considers all information (historical, current and forecast) that is available including the range of possible outcomes, the predictive value of past experiences, the time period of when uncertainties expect to be resolved and the amount of consideration that is susceptible to factors outside of Newmark’s influence, such as market volatility or the judgment and actions of third parties.

Newmark also uses third-party service providers in the provision of its services to customers. In instances where a third-party service provider is used, Newmark performs an analysis to determine whether Newmark is acting as a principal or an agent with respect to the services provided. To the extent that Newmark determines that it is acting as a principal, the revenue and the expenses incurred are recorded on a gross basis. In instances where Newmark has determined that it is acting as an agent, the revenue and expenses are presented on a net basis within the revenue line item.

In some instances, Newmark performs services for customers and incurs out-of-pocket expenses as part of delivering those services (such as travel, meals and lodging). Newmark’s customers agree to reimburse Newmark for those expenses, and those reimbursements are part of the contract’s transaction price. Consequently, these expenses and the reimbursements of such expenses from the customer are presented on a gross basis because the services giving rise to the out-of-pocket expenses do not transfer a good or service. The reimbursements are included in the transaction price when the costs are incurred and the reimbursements are due from the customer.

The following provides detailed information on the recognition of Newmark’s revenues from contracts with customers:

Leasing and other commissions. Newmark offers a diverse range of commercial real estate brokerage and advisory services, including tenant and agency representation. Newmark’s performance obligation is to match a qualified tenant with available landlord property. Commissions from real estate brokerage transactions are typically recognized at a point in time on the date the lease is signed. The date the lease is signed represents the transfer of control and satisfaction of the performance obligation as the tenant has been secured. The commission fees are either a fixed or variable based on a percentage of the aggregate rental fee payable over the lease term. Commission payments may be due entirely upon lease execution or may be paid in installments upon the resolution of a future contingency. In those cases, Newmark does not provide any further services after the first contingency has been met. Therefore, the performance obligation of securing a tenant has been fulfilled upon reaching the first contingency. Newmark records a receivable for future installments of the commission revenue subject to any constraints that may exist in instances where the commission is considered variable consideration.

Capital markets. Newmark provides investment sales and mortgage brokerage services to property owners to identify qualified purchasers or debt placement for an owner’s property in exchange for a commission. Newmark is compensated for its services of finding a qualified purchaser or lender for the owner’s property, the one performance obligation, as evidenced by the closing of the sale of the property. In some cases, the consideration is payable in separate installments upon reaching two separate contingencies, such as the closing of a construction loan and the subsequent consummation of the sale of the property. In those cases, Newmark does not provide any further services after the first contingency has been met. The transfer of control and satisfaction of the performance obligation occurs when Newmark obtains a qualified purchaser or lender, as evidenced by the closing of the sale of or loans to the property. Therefore, revenue is recognized at a point in time. Commission fees may be fixed or variable based on a percentage of the transaction amount. Commission payments may be due entirely upon closing, either through escrow or upon recordation of the deed. Consideration is variable if the payment is contingent on an event that may or may not occur after Newmark has satisfied its performance obligation. For example, if Newmark’s obligations are fulfilled upon execution of a purchase and sale agreement, but the commission is not payable until closing of the transaction, there would exist an element of variable consideration. In those instances, Newmark assesses whether the amount of variable consideration is constrained and, if so, the source of the uncertainty and expected resolution of that uncertainty. Accordingly, the variable consideration adjusted for any constraints, if any, should be recognized upon the sale of the property.

Management services, servicing fees and other. In this business, Newmark provides property and facilities management services along with project management and other consulting services (collectively, “management services”), to customers who may also utilize Newmark’s commercial real estate brokerage services. As previously noted, servicing fees are not within the scope of the new revenue standard and a description of these services can be found in Note 3 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Each type of management service (property, facility and project) generally represents a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer. Each task is an activity to fulfill the management service and are not separate promises that are distinct in the context of the contract. To meet the same pattern of transfer criterion, Newmark determined each distinct day of service represents a performance obligation that would be satisfied over time and has the same measure of progress. The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by Newmark’s performance as Newmark performs. Therefore, revenue is recognized over time using a time-elapsed method to measure progress.

Consideration received may be fixed or variable. Fixed consideration is included in the transaction price whereas variable consideration is subject to the revenue constraint and included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in the future. For example, management fees subject to key performance indicators for an annual period are considered variable consideration due to the future contingency that performance indicators would not be met and Newmark would be required to return a portion of management fees already received. Accordingly, the entire transaction price, including the element of variable consideration adjusted for any constraints, is recognized over the term of the contracts. In some cases, Newmark has determined that it has a right to consideration from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of Newmark’s performance completed to date (for example, a service contract in which Newmark bills a fixed amount for each hour of service provided). Newmark has elected to use the practical expedient whereby an entity may recognize revenue in the amount to which the entity has a right to invoice.

In some instances, because project management services can cover many different types of projects and even include phases for a single project that vary in the services delivered, the performance obligation is the completion of a deliverable. In those instances, the satisfaction of the performance obligation occurs at a point in time (upon completion of the deliverable when the customer obtains control). Generally, the fee is due upon completion and delivery and, accordingly, is recognized at that time.

For management and facility service contracts, the owner of the property will typically reimburse Newmark for certain expenses that are incurred on behalf of the owner, which comprise primarily on-site employee salaries and related benefit costs. The reimbursement amounts are recognized as revenue in the same period as the related expenses are incurred. In certain instances, Newmark subcontracts property management services to independent property managers, in which case Newmark passes a portion of its property management fee on to the subcontractor, and Newmark retains the balance. Accordingly, Newmark records these fees gross of the amounts paid to subcontractors, and the amounts paid to subcontractors are recognized as expenses in the same period.

Newmark incurs expenses on behalf of customers for certain management services subject to reimbursement. Newmark concluded that it controls the services provided by a third party on behalf of customers and, therefore, acts as a principal under those contracts. For these service contracts, Newmark presents expenses incurred on behalf of customers along with corresponding reimbursement revenue on a gross basis in Newmark’s consolidated statement of operations.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Newmark’s chief operating decision maker regardless of geographic location evaluates the operating results of Newmark as total real estate. See Note 3, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion.

Contract Balances

The timing of Newmark’s revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by its customers. Newmark records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and Newmark has an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, Newmark records deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.

Newmark’s deferred revenue primarily relates to customers paying in advance or billed in advance where the performance obligation has not yet been satisfied. Deferred revenue at March 31, 2018 and January 1, 2018 was $3.9 million and $4.6 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, Newmark recognized revenue of $1.8 million that was recorded as deferred revenue at the beginning of the period.

Contract Costs

Newmark capitalizes costs to fulfill contracts associated with different lines of its business where the revenue is recognized at a point in time and the costs are determined to be recoverable. Capitalized costs to fulfill a contract are recognized at the point in time that the related revenue is recognized.

At March 31, 2018, there were no capitalized costs recorded to fulfill a contract.