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Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Accounting
The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, and for the three and six months then ended, have been prepared by the Company in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States (“U.S.”) for interim financial information. The amounts as of December 31, 2017 have been derived from the Company’s annual audited financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) to state fairly the financial position of the Company and its results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods presented. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed on February 23, 2018 (the “Form 10-K”).
Reclassification
Reclassification
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period balances in order to conform to the current period’s presentation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases" (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which generally requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet. This guidance will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2019. While the Company continues to evaluate the effect of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, it is expected the Company's operating leases, as disclosed in Note 13 - "Commitments and Contingencies," will be subject to the new standard. In the second quarter of 2018, the Company established an implementation team to develop a multi-phase plan to assess the Company’s leasing arrangements, as well as any changes to accounting policies, processes or systems necessary to adopt the requirements of the new standard. The Company is evaluating the full impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements, and expects that adoption will result in increases in lease-related Right-of-Use assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet.
In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”), which introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of the year ending December 31, 2020. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” This ASU addresses the classification of certain specific cash flow issues including debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, settlement of certain debt instruments, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of certain insurance claims and distributions received from equity method investees. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, "Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory." This ASU requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. For public entities, this ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2018 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting.” ASU 2017-09 provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment awarded require an entity to apply modification accounting. The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2018 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 (Topic 606) "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605 “Revenue Recognition” (Topic 605), and requires entities to recognize revenue when control of goods or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for the goods or services. Under the prior standard, licensing companies generally reported revenue from per-unit royalty based arrangements one quarter in arrears. Under the new guidance, the Company estimates per-unit royalty-based revenue prior to receiving customer royalty reports. The Company also expects the standard to have a significant impact on the timing of revenue recognition associated with its fixed fee and minimum guarantee arrangements, as a majority of such revenue which had previously been recognized over the license term is expected to be recognized at the inception of the license term. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective method, under which the Company recorded a $224 million cumulative net of tax adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on January 1, 2018. The adjustment was determined by measuring the impact of the new standard on existing contracts that were not completed as of December 31, 2017. Prior period comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under Topic 605 in effect for those periods. This new standard had a material impact on the Company’s revenue and its consolidated statement of operations and balance sheet as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, and is expected to have a material impact on an ongoing basis, with no impact on the timing of customer billings or on cash flows. See “Note 3 - Revenue" for further discussio
Revenue Recognition
Practical Expedients
The Company expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period generally would have been one year or less. In addition, sales commissions have historically not been a significant expense and are not contemplated to be significant in the future. Sales commissions are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.
Contract Balances
Unbilled Contracts Receivable
Timing of revenue recognition may differ significantly from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable, net, include amounts billed and currently due from customers. Unbilled contracts receivable represent unbilled amounts expected to be received from customers in future periods, where the revenue recognized to date (or cumulative adjustments to retained earnings in the initial period of adopting Topic 606) exceeds the amount billed, and right to payment is subject to the underlying contractual terms. Unbilled contracts receivable amounts may not exceed their net realizable value and are classified as long-term assets if the payments are expected to be received more than one year from the reporting date.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue includes payments made by licensees for which the corresponding performance obligations have not yet been fully satisfied by the Company and typically arises where performance obligations are satisfied over time.
Revenue Recognition
The Company derives its revenue primarily from royalty and license fees for rights to use the Company’s intellectual property and technologies (“IP”). Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products, services or IP rights to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products, services or licensing of the IP rights.
Certain licensees have entered into fixed fee or minimum guarantee arrangements, whereby licensees pay a fixed fee for the right to incorporate the Company's technology in the licensee's products over the license term. In arrangements with a minimum guarantee, the fixed fee component corresponds to a minimum number of units or dollars that the customer must produce or pay, with additional per-unit fees for any units or dollars exceeding the minimum. In most cases, the customer pays the fixed license fee in specified installments over the license term. For these agreements, the Company recognizes the full fixed fee as revenue at the beginning of the license term, when the licensee has the right to use the IP and begins to benefit from the license.
If the contract term of a fixed fee or minimum guarantee arrangement is longer than one year, the Company also considers the scheduled payment arrangements to determine whether a significant financing component exists. In general, if the payment arrangements extend beyond the initial twelve months of the contract, the Company treats a portion of the payments as a significant financing component. When the payments are expected to be received within one year or less, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a financing component. The discount rate used for each arrangement reflects the rate that would be used in a separate financing transaction between the Company and the licensee at contract inception, and takes into account the credit characteristics of the licensee and market interest rates as of the date of the agreement. As such, the amount of fixed fee revenue recognized at the beginning of the license term will be reduced by the calculated financing component. As payments are received from the licensee, the Company recognizes a portion of the financing component as interest income, reported as other income and expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
For certain licensees, royalty revenues are generated based on a licensee's production or shipment of licensed products incorporating the Company’s IP, technologies or software. Licensees with a per-unit arrangement pay a per-unit royalty for each product manufactured or sold, as set forth in its license agreement. Licensees generally report manufacturing or sales information in the quarter subsequent to when the shipment activity takes place. The Company estimates the royalties earned each quarter based on its forecast of manufacturing and sales activity incurred by its licensees in that quarter. Any differences between actual royalties owed by a licensee and the Company’s quarterly estimate are recognized in the following quarter, when the licensee’s royalty report is received. Estimating licensees’ quarterly royalties prior to receiving the royalty reports requires the Company to make significant assumptions and judgments that could have a material impact on the amount of revenue it reports on a quarterly basis.
The Company actively monitors and enforces its IP, including seeking appropriate compensation from customers that have under-reported royalties owed under a license agreement and from third parties that utilize the Company’s intellectual property without a license. As a result of these activities, the Company may, from time to time, recognize revenue from payments resulting from periodic compliance audits of licensees for underreporting royalties incurred in prior periods, as part of a settlement of a patent infringement dispute, or legal judgments from a license dispute. These recoveries and settlements may cause revenue to be higher than expected during a particular reporting period and such recoveries may not occur in subsequent periods. The Company recognizes revenue from recoveries when a binding agreement has been executed and the Company concludes collection under that agreement is likely.
In some instances, the Company may enter into license agreements that contain multiple performance obligations that include engineering services in addition to a technology or software license. For such arrangements where all components are capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices ordinarily charged to customers, or in some cases by applying a reasonable cost-plus margin. The consideration for engineering services is recognized as the underlying performance obligations are satisfied. Generally, the Company satisfies performance obligations over time and therefore recognizes revenue over time by measuring the progress toward completion of the performance obligation at each reporting period.
Revenue is recognized gross of withholding taxes that are remitted directly by the Company's licensees directly to a local tax authority.