485BPOS 1 form485bpos.htm

 

AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON OCTOBER 28, 2019

 

1933 ACT FILE NO. 333-214796
1940 ACT FILE NO. 811-23214

 

 

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM N-1A

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Pre-Effective Amendment No.

Post-Effective Amendment No. 12

   
and/or  
   
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER

THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940  
Amendment No. 15  

 

GraniteShares ETF Trust

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

REGISTRANT’S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (844) 476-8747

 

William Rhind
GraniteShares ETF Trust
205 Hudson Street, 7th Floor
New York, New York 10013
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

Copies to:
W. Thomas Conner, Esq.
Vedder Price P.C.
1401 I Street NW, Suite 1100
Washington, DC 20005

 

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Filing:

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)

 

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)

60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment

 

 

 

   
 

 

GRANITESHARES FUNDS

 

Prospectus

October 28, 2019

 

GRANITESHARES FUNDS   NYSE ARCA, INC. TICKER SYMBOL
GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF   COMB
GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF   COMG
GraniteShares HIPS US High Income ETF   HIPS

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission and Commodity Futures Trading Commission have not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

GraniteShares Funds are advised by GraniteShares Advisors LLC.

 

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

 

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Funds’ shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

If you already elected to receive shareholders reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications electronically by notifying your financial intermediary.

 

You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. Please contact your financial intermediary to inform them that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of the Funds’ shareholder reports and for details about whether your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with your financial intermediary.

 

 
 

 

Table of Contents

 

  Page
   
GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF – Summary 1
   
GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF – Summary 13
   
GraniteShares HIPS US High Income ETF – Summary 25
   
Additional Information about the Funds’ Investment Objectives, Strategies and Risks 36
   
Portfolio Holdings 68
   
Fund Management 69
   
Buying and Selling Shares 70
   
Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes 71
   
Distribution of Fund Shares 74
   
Premium/Discount Information 74
   
Fund Service Providers 75
   
Financial Highlights 75

 

 
 

 

GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF – Summary

 

Investment Objective

 

The GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to commodity futures markets.

 

Fees and Fund Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. The fees are expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Investors may pay brokerage commissions on their purchases and sales of Fund shares, which are not reflected in the table.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses    
Management Fees    0.25%
Other Expenses of the Fund    0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(1)    0.25%

 

 

(1) The information in the table has been restated to reflect current fees and expenses.

 

Example

 

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.

 

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The figures shown would be the same whether or not you sold your shares at the end of each period.

 

This Example does not include the brokerage commissions that investors may pay on their purchases and sales of Fund shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

 

1 Year   3 Years   5 Years   10 Years 
$26   $80   $141   $318 

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 0% of the average value of its portfolio. However, if the Fund’s use of derivatives were reflected, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate would be higher.

 

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Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to commodity futures markets. The Fund’s investment strategy is based in part on the Bloomberg Commodity Index (the “COMB Benchmark”), which is designed to be a highly liquid and broad benchmark for commodities futures investments. The COMB Benchmark provides broad-based exposure to commodities as an asset class, since no single commodity or commodity sector dominates the COMB Benchmark. The weightings of the components of the COMB Benchmark are based on (1) liquidity data, which is the relative amount of trading activity of a particular commodity; (2) production data, which measures the importance of a commodity to the world economy; and (3) diversification rules that attempt to reduce disproportionate weightings of any single commodity. Rather than being driven by micro-economic events affecting one commodity market or sector, the COMB Benchmark is comprised of futures contracts on a broad basket of underlying commodities, which potentially reduces volatility in comparison with narrower commodity baskets.

 

Currently, the COMB Benchmark consists of 23 commodities futures contracts with respect to 21 commodities: aluminum, coffee, copper, corn, cotton, crude oil (WTI and Brent), gold, ULS Diesel, lean hogs, live cattle, low sulfur gas oil, natural gas, nickel, silver, soybean meal, soybean oil, soybeans, sugar, unleaded gas, wheat (Chicago and KC HRW), and zinc. The COMB Benchmark reflects the return from these commodity futures contracts.

 

While the Fund generally will seek exposure to the commodity futures markets included in the COMB Benchmark, the Fund is not an index tracking ETF and will seek to improve its performance, in part through a cash management strategy consisting of investments in investment grade fixed income securities issued by various U.S. public-sector or corporate entities (“Fixed Income Securities”). The Adviser will use such instruments to generate a total return for investors and exercise its discretion in the use of such instruments to seek to optimize the investment performance of the Fund. In addition, the Fund at times may actively select investments with differing maturities from the underlying components of the COMB Benchmark, may not invest in all of the COMB Benchmark’s components or in the same proportion as the COMB Benchmark, may invest in commodity-linked derivative instruments and other commodity-linked instruments outside the COMB Benchmark, and may emphasize some commodity sectors more than others.

 

The Fund is called “No K1” because it is designed to operate differently than commodity-based exchange traded funds that distribute a “Schedule K-1” to shareholders. Schedule K-1 is a tax document that contains information regarding a fund’s income and expenses. Schedule K-1 is a complex form and shareholders may find that preparing tax returns requires additional time or the assistance of a professional tax adviser, at additional expense to the shareholder. In contrast, the Fund is designed to be taxed like a conventional mutual fund and therefore will deliver a “Form 1099” to investors, from which income, gains, and losses can be entered onto the investor’s tax return. To deliver 1099s consistent with applicable tax law, the Fund currently expects to invest in an underlying subsidiary, as discussed below.

 

The Fund expects initially to gain exposure to the commodity futures markets by investing in commodity futures contracts (“Commodity Futures”). The Fund does not expect to invest directly in Commodity Futures. The Fund expects to gain exposure to these investments by investing a portion of its assets in the GraniteShares COMB Cayman Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary is advised by the Adviser, and the Adviser complies with the provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), relating to advisory contracts. Unlike the Fund, the Subsidiary is not an investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary is intended to provide the Fund with exposure to commodity futures markets in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. The Subsidiary has the same investment objective and will follow the same general investment policies and restrictions as the Fund. The Fund will invest up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. The Fund complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing capital structure and leverage (Section 18) on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiary. Except as otherwise noted, references to the Fund’s investment strategies and risks include the investment strategies and risks of the Subsidiary.

 

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The Fund’s principal investments are described below.

 

Commodity-linked derivative instruments. Commodities are assets that have tangible properties, such as oil, metals, and agricultural products. A commodity-linked instrument is a financial instrument whose value is linked to the price movement of an underlying commodity or commodity index. The value of commodity-linked instruments may be affected by overall market movements and other factors affecting the value of a particular industry or commodity, such as weather, disease, embargoes, or political and regulatory developments.

 

  Commodity Futures: The Fund expects to gain exposure to the commodity futures markets initially by investing in Commodity Futures through the Subsidiary. A Commodity Futures is a standardized contract traded on, or subject to the rules of, an exchange that calls for the future delivery of a specified quantity and type of underlying commodity at a specified time and place or, alternatively, may call for cash settlement.
     
  Swap Agreements: Commodity-linked swap agreements (“Commodity Swaps” or “Swaps”) are contractual agreements whereby the cash flows agreed upon between the parties to the agreement are dependent upon the price of the underlying commodity or commodity index over the life of the swap. The Fund may enter into some Commodity Swaps in the “over the counter” (“OTC”) market, that is, by negotiating directly with a third party called a “counterparty.” Other Commodity Swaps are cleared through a central counterparty and executed through a futures commission merchant. The Fund will invest in cleared Commodity Swaps through the Subsidiary and OTC Swaps directly or through the Subsidiary. The Fund may invest in Commodity Swaps as its assets grow.

 

Other commodity-linked instruments. The Fund may invest in other instruments whose value goes up or down based on price movements of underlying physical commodities, such as commodity-linked notes, exchange-traded products providing exposure to commodities (including exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”) and other ETFs) and other investment companies. An ETN is an unsecured debt security that trades on an established exchange. Its underlying value is based on the value of an index, commodity, interest rate or other objectively determined reference. A commodity-linked note is an instrument that has characteristics of both a debt security and a commodity-linked derivative instrument. It typically makes interest payments like a debt security, and at maturity, the principal payment is linked to the price movement of a commodity, commodity index, or commodity futures contract.

 

Fixed Income Securities. The Fund will invest in Fixed Income Securities. The Fixed Income Securities in which the Fund may invest include U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, corporate bonds, debentures and notes, mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, event-linked bonds, bank certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper and other short-term fixed income securities with maturities of up to two years. The Fund’s Fixed Income Securities earn interest income for the Fund and can be used as collateral (also referred to as “margin”) for the Fund’s investments in Commodity Futures. The Fund does not target a specific duration or maturity for the Fixed Income Securities in which it invests. The average duration of the portfolio of Fixed Income Securities will vary based on interest rates.

 

The Fund is “non-diversified,” meaning that a relatively high percentage of its assets may be invested in a limited number of issuers of securities.

 

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Concentration Policy

 

The Fund may not concentrate its investments (i.e., invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets) in securities of issuers in any one industry or group of industries. This restriction will not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or securities of other investment companies.

 

Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund

 

You Could Lose Money by Investing in the Fund.

 

Principal risk factors for the Fund are discussed below. The Fund may be subject to other risks in addition to those identified as principal risks. Loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund. The investment program of the Fund is speculative, entails substantial risks and includes asset classes and investment techniques not employed by more traditional mutual funds and ETFs. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Fund will be achieved. It is important that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them before making an investment in the Fund.

 

Investments in the Fund are not bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

Agricultural Sector Investment Risk

 

The performance of the Fund in part is linked to the daily performance of the spot price of certain agricultural commodities, including soybeans, corn, soybean meal, soybean oil, wheat, HRW wheat, coffee, sugar, cocoa and cotton. Investments in the agriculture sector may be highly volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably due to a number of factors, including the supply of and demand of each commodity, legislative or regulatory developments relating to food safety, political, legal, financial, accounting and tax matters and other events that the Fund cannot control. In addition, increased competition caused by economic recession, labor difficulties and changing consumer tastes and spending can affect the demand for agricultural products, and consequently the value of investments in that sector. As a result, the price of an agricultural commodity could decline, which would adversely affect an investment in the Fund if it held that commodity.

 

Authorized Participant Concentration Risk

 

Only an authorized participant that has entered into an agreement with the Fund’s distributor (an “Authorized Participant”) may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants.

 

Cash Transaction Risk

 

Creation and redemption transactions are expected to generally settle through payments of cash and/or Fixed Income Securities, which will cause the Fund to incur certain costs, such as brokerage costs, that it would not incur if it made in-kind redemptions. Other ETFs generally are able to make in-kind redemptions and avoid realized gains in connection with transactions designed to meet redemption requests. Because the Fund may effect redemptions principally for cash, rather than in-kind distributions, it may be required to sell financial instruments in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute the redemption proceeds. Such cash transactions may have to be carried out over several days if the securities market is relatively illiquid and may involve considerable brokerage fees. These brokerage fees, which will be higher than if the Fund redeemed its shares in kind, will be passed on to redeemers of Creation Units in the form of redemption transaction fees. In addition, these factors may result in wider spreads between the bid and the offered prices of the Fund’s shares than for more conventional ETFs (for example, those that track an index of corporate equity securities). In addition, an investment in Fund shares may be less tax efficient than investments in shares of conventional ETFs, and there may be a substantial difference in the after-tax rate of return between the Fund and conventional ETFs.

 

Clearing Broker Risk

 

The failure or bankruptcy of the Fund’s clearing broker could result in a substantial loss of Fund assets. Under current Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) regulations, a clearing broker maintains customers’ assets in a bulk-segregated account. If a clearing broker fails to do so, or is unable to satisfy a substantial deficit in a customer account, its other customers may be subject to risk of loss of their funds in the event of that clearing broker’s bankruptcy. In that event, the clearing broker’s customers, such as the Fund, are entitled to recover, even in respect of property specifically traceable to them, only a proportional share of all property available for distribution to all of that clearing broker’s customers.

 

4
 

 

Commodity and Commodity-Linked Derivative Risk

 

Commodities. The Fund’s exposure to investments in physical commodities presents unique risks. Investing in physical commodities, including through commodity-linked derivative instruments such as Commodity Futures, Commodity Swaps, as well as other commodity-linked instruments, is speculative and can be extremely volatile. Market prices of commodities may fluctuate rapidly based on numerous factors, including: changes in supply and demand relationships (whether actual, perceived, anticipated, unanticipated or unrealized); weather; agriculture; trade; domestic and foreign political and economic events and policies; diseases; pestilence; technological developments; currency exchange rate fluctuations; and monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction.

 

Commodity-Linked Derivative Instruments. The use of commodity-linked derivative instruments by the Fund involves risks that are different from, and in many cases greater than, the risk associated with investing in other financial instruments. The value of a commodity-linked derivative instrument generally is based upon the price movements of a physical commodity (such as energy, minerals, or agricultural products), a futures contract, swap or commodity index, or other economic variables linked to changes in the value of commodities or the commodities markets. The commodities-linked derivative instruments in which the Fund invests tend to be more volatile than many other types of financial instruments and may subject the Fund to special risks that do not apply to all derivatives transactions. Also, a liquid secondary market may not exist for the types of commodity-linked derivative instruments the Fund buys, which may make it difficult for the Fund to sell them at an acceptable price. The Fund’s ability to gain exposure to commodity-linked investments and achieve its investment objective may be limited by its intention to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”).

 

Commodity Futures. Risks of Commodity Futures include: (i) an imperfect correlation between the value of the futures contract and the underlying commodity or commodity index; (ii) possible lack of a liquid secondary market; (iii) the inability to close a futures contract when desired; (iv) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which may be unlimited; and (v) an obligation for the Fund to make daily cash payments to maintain its required collateral, or margin, particularly at times when the Fund may have insufficient cash or must sell securities to meet those margin requirements. Although the counterparty to an exchange-traded futures contract is often backed by a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) or clearing organization that is further backed by a group of financial institutions, there may be instances in which the FCM or the clearing organization could fail to perform its obligations, causing significant losses to the Fund. For example, the Fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with a clearing organization as well as any gains owed but not paid to the Fund, if the clearing organization becomes insolvent or otherwise fails to perform its obligations.

 

Commodity Swaps. If a counterparty to a Commodity Swap agreement becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under the Swap due to financial difficulties, the Fund could suffer losses. Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk compared to uncleared Swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant’s swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. Credit risk of cleared Swap participants is concentrated in a few clearinghouses and the consequences of insolvency of a clearinghouse are not clear. Under certain market conditions, the Fund may invest in a single Swap, and a bankruptcy or other performance failure by the counterparty to the Swap could cause the Fund to lose the assets held by the swap provider. Swaps are subject to pricing risk (i.e., Swaps may be hard to value) and may be considered illiquid.

 

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Commodity-Linked Note Risk

 

Commodity-linked notes have characteristics of both a debt security and a derivative. Typically, they are issued by a bank at a specified face value and pay a fixed or floating rate linked to the performance of an underlying asset, such as commodity indices, particular commodities or commodity futures contracts. As such, the Fund faces the economic risk of movements in commodity prices by investing in such notes. These notes also are subject to credit, market and interest rate risks that in general affect the values of debt securities.

 

Commodity Pool Risk

 

Under regulations promulgated by the CFTC, the Fund and the Subsidiary are considered commodity pools, and therefore are subject to regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act and CFTC rules. The Adviser is registered as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”), and it will manage the Fund and the Subsidiary in accordance with applicable CFTC rules, as well as the rules that apply to registered investment companies. Registration as a CPO subjects the registrant to additional laws, regulations and enforcement policies, all of which may potentially increase compliance costs and may affect the operations and financial performance of the Fund. Additionally, the Subsidiary’s positions in futures contracts may have to be liquidated at disadvantageous times or prices to prevent the Fund from exceeding any applicable position limits established by the CFTC. Such actions may subject the Fund to substantial losses.

 

Credit Risk

 

Credit risk is the risk that the value of debt instruments may decline if the issuer thereof defaults or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling, or is perceived to be unable or unwilling, to honor its financial obligations, such as making payments to the Fund when due.

 

Cyber Security Risk

 

Failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, and the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to cause disruptions and negatively impact the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.

 

Energy Sector Investment Risk

 

The performance of the Fund in part is linked to the daily performance of the spot price of certain energy-related commodities, including WTI crude oil, Brent Crude Oil, gas oil, heating oil, low sulfur gas oil, RBOB gasoline, ULS diesel and natural gas. The market values of such commodities are strongly affected by the supply of, and demand for, those commodities, as well as, among other factors, capital expenditures on exploration and production, energy conservation efforts, government regulation and subsidization, world event, technological advances and general economic conditions. Therefore, energy commodities are subject to swift price fluctuations, and investments in such commodities can be cyclical and/or highly volatile. Additionally, significant declines in the price of oil may contribute to significant market volatility, which may materially adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

 

Exchange-Traded Note Risk

 

ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities of an issuer that are designed to provide returns that are linked to a particular benchmark. ETNs do not provide principal protection and may not make periodic coupon payments. ETNs have a maturity date and generally are backed only by the creditworthiness of the issuer. As a result, ETNs are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the issuer cannot pay interest or repay principal when it is due.

 

6
 

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk

 

The market value of Fixed Income Securities will change in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as changes in the effective maturities and credit ratings of fixed income investments. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of outstanding Fixed Income Securities and related financial instruments generally rise. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the values of such securities and related financial instruments generally decline. Fixed income investments are also subject to credit risk.

 

Investments in Fixed Income Securities may also involve the following risks, depending on the instrument involved:

 

  Asset-Backed/Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk – The market value and yield of asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities can vary due to market interest rate fluctuations and early prepayments of underlying instruments.
     
  Credit Risk – An investment in the Fund also involves the risk that the issuer of a Fixed Income Security that the Fund holds will fail to make timely payments of interest or principal or go bankrupt, or that the value of the securities will decline because of a market perception that the issuer may not make payments on time, thus potentially reducing the Fund’s return.
     
  Event Risk – Event risk is the risk that corporate issuers may undergo restructurings, such as mergers, leveraged buyouts, takeovers, or similar events financed by increased debt. As a result of the added debt, the credit quality and market value of a company’s bonds and/or other debt securities may decline significantly.
     
  Extension Risk – Payment on the loans underlying Fixed Income Securities held by the Fund may be made more slowly when interest rates are rising.
     
  Interest Rate Risk – Generally, the value of Fixed Income Securities will change inversely with changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise, the market value of Fixed Income Securities tends to decrease. Conversely, as interest rates fall, the market value of Fixed Income Securities tends to increase. This risk will be greater for long-term securities than for short-term securities. In recent periods, governmental financial regulators, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, have taken steps to maintain historically low interest rates, which may increase interest rate risk. Changes in government intervention may have adverse effects on investments, volatility, and illiquidity in debt markets.
     
  Prepayment Risk – When interest rates are declining, issuers of Fixed Income Securities held by the Fund may prepay principal earlier than scheduled.

 

Gap Risk

 

The Fund is subject to the risk that a commodity price will change from one level to another with no trading in between. Usually such movements occur when there are adverse news announcements, which can cause a commodity price to drop substantially from the previous day’s closing price.

 

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Increased Competition Risk

 

The Adviser believes that there has been, over time, a general increase in interest in commodity investing. As the Adviser’s assets under management invested directly or indirectly in the commodities markets increases, an increasing number of traders may attempt to initiate or liquidate substantial positions at or about the same time as the Adviser, or otherwise alter historical trading patterns or affect the execution of trades, to the detriment of the Fund.

 

Index Futures Risk

 

The value of commodity futures contracts reflecting the performance of the COMB Benchmark could be affected by factors that do not directly affect the COMB Benchmark, and accordingly, the value of such Index Futures and the level of the COMB Benchmark may vary from each other.

 

Index-Related Risk

 

Errors in COMB Benchmark data, COMB Benchmark computations and/or the construction of the COMB Benchmark in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by Bloomberg for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

 

Investment Company Risk

 

An investment in other investment companies (including other ETFs) is subject to the risks associated with those investment companies, which include, but are not limited to, the risk that such fund’s investment strategy may not produce the intended results; the risk that securities in such fund may underperform in comparison to the general securities markets or other asset classes; and the risk that the fund will be concentrated in a particular issuer, market, industry or sector, and therefore will be especially susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that issuer, market, industry or sector. Moreover, the Fund will incur duplicative expenses from such investments, bearing its share of that fund’s expenses while also paying its own advisory and administrative fees.

 

Leverage Risk

 

While the Fund does not seek leveraged returns, the Fund’s use of certain derivatives may create investment leverage. This means that the derivative position may provide the Fund with investment exposure greater than the value of the Fund’s investment in the derivative. As a result, these derivatives may magnify losses to the Fund, and even a small market movement may result in significant losses to the Fund.

 

Liquidity Risk

 

The Fund may make investments that are illiquid or that may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse investor perceptions. Illiquid investments may be more difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. In addition, a lack of liquidity in the market for the Fund’s shares may lead to differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and their underlying value.

 

A potential rise in interest rates may result in periods of volatility and reduced liquidity with respect to the Fund’s investments in Fixed Income Securities. A reduction in dealer market-making capacity in fixed income markets that has occurred in recent years also has the potential to decrease liquidity.

 

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Management Risk

 

The Fund is an actively managed portfolio. In managing the Fund’s portfolio holdings, the Adviser applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund. There can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.

 

Market Risk

 

The Fund’s holdings are subject to market fluctuations. It is important to understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in the market, and you could lose money. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry, economic sector, or the market as a whole.

 

Metals Sector Investment Risk

 

The performance of the Fund in part is linked to the daily performance of the spot price of certain industrial and precious metals, including aluminum, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, gold and silver. Investments in metals may be highly volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably due to a number of factors, including the supply and demand of each metal, environmental or labor costs, political, legal, financial, accounting and tax matters and other events that the Fund cannot control. In addition, changes in international monetary policies or economic and political conditions can affect the supply of metals, and consequently the value of metal investments. The United States or foreign governments may pass laws or regulations limiting metal investments for strategic or other policy reasons. Further, the principal supplies of metal industries may be concentrated in a small number of countries and regions. Consequently, the price of a metal held by the Fund could decline, which would adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

 

Non-Diversification Risk

 

The Fund is non-diversified, meaning that it is permitted to invest a larger percentage of its assets in fewer issuers than diversified mutual funds. Thus, the Fund may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting any single issuer held in its portfolio, and may be more susceptible to greater losses because of these developments.

 

Operational Risk

 

The Fund is exposed to various operational risks, including human error, information technology failures and failure to comply with formal procedures intended to mitigate these risks, and is particularly dependent on electronic means of communicating, record-keeping and otherwise conducting business.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk

 

The Fund may engage in frequent trading of derivatives. Active and frequent trading may lead to the realization and distribution to shareholders of higher short-term capital gains, which would increase their tax liability. Frequent trading also increases transaction costs, which could detract from the Fund’s performance.

 

Regulatory Risk

 

The Fund is subject to the risk that a change in U.S. law and related regulations will impact the way the Fund operates, increase the particular costs of the Fund’s operations and/or change the competitive landscape.

 

Roll Yield Risk

 

As the futures contracts held by the Fund near expiration, they may be replaced by contracts that have a later expiration. During situations where the cost of futures contracts for delivery on dates further in the future is higher than those for delivery closer in time, the Fund may experience losses.

 

Secondary Market Trading Risk

 

An investment in the Fund faces risks from its shares being traded in the secondary market, including the potential lack of an active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruption in the creation/redemption process of Fund shares. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to net asset value.

 

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Trading Issues. Although Fund shares are listed for trading on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”), there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged or that the shares will trade with any volume, or at all.

 

In times of market stress, market makers or Authorized Participants may step away from their respective roles in making a market in Fund shares and in executing purchase or redemption orders. This could lead to variances between the market price of the Fund’s shares and their underlying value.

 

Fluctuation of Net Asset Value. The net asset value of Fund shares will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The market prices of shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in the Fund’s net asset value and supply and demand of shares on the Exchange. The market price of Fund shares may deviate from the value of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, particularly in times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the Fund shares bought or sold. This may be reflected as a spread between the bid and ask prices for Fund shares quoted during a trading day or a premium or discount in the closing price of Fund shares from the Fund’s net asset value. It cannot be predicted whether Fund shares will trade below, at or above their net asset value.

 

Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Investors buying or selling Fund shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by each broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of shares.

 

Subsidiary Investment Risk

 

By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act; therefore, the Fund will not receive all protections offered to investors in registered investment companies. In addition, changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Subsidiary are organized, respectively, could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as intended and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders.

 

Tax Risk

 

In order to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment accorded to a RIC, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from certain categories of income (“qualifying income”) and must satisfy certain asset diversification requirements. The Fund intends to hold certain commodity-related investments indirectly, through its Subsidiary. The Fund expects its income with respect to the Subsidiary will be qualifying income. However, there is a risk that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) could issue regulations or other guidance holding, or could assert, that the Fund’s income with respect to the Subsidiary is not qualifying income for purposes of the Fund remaining qualified as a RIC. In such circumstances, the Fund may fail to qualify as a RIC or be required to make changes to its operations, which may affect the Fund's ability to gain investment exposure to commodities. Fund shareholders may also experience adverse tax consequences in such circumstances. The Adviser will carefully monitor the Fund’s investments in the Subsidiary to ensure that no more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets are invested in the Subsidiary to ensure compliance with the Fund’s asset diversification test as described in more detail in the SAI.

 

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U.S. Government Securities Risk

 

Obligations of U.S. government agencies and authorities are supported by varying degrees of credit but generally are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support to its agencies and authorities if it is not obligated by law to do so.

 

Valuation Risk

 

During periods of reduced market liquidity or readily available market quotations, the Fund’s ability to obtain reliable, objective pricing data and to value its holdings becomes more difficult. Consequently, while valuation determinations made by the Adviser (using fair value procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees of the GraniteShares ETF Trust) may be done in good faith, it may be difficult for the Fund to accurately assign a daily value to its holdings.

 

When all or a portion of the Fund’s underlying investments trade in a market that is closed when the market for the Fund’s shares is open, there may be changes between the last quote from a closed foreign market and the value of the applicable investment during the Fund’s domestic trading day.

 

The trading prices of the Fund’s shares in the secondary market generally differ from the Fund’s daily net asset value and are affected by market forces such as supply and demand, economic conditions and other factors. Information regarding the intraday value of shares of the Fund, also known as the “Intraday Interim Value” (“IIV”), is disseminated every 15 seconds throughout the trading day by the national securities exchange on which the Fund’s shares are listed or by market data vendors or other information providers. The IIV is based on the current market value of the financial instruments and/or cash required to be deposited in exchange for a Creation Unit (as defined below). The IIV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of investments held by the Fund at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, the IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the Fund’s net asset value, which is computed only once a day. The IIV is generally determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers that may trade in the portfolio investments held by the Fund. The quotations of certain Fund holdings may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the United States. The Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the IIV and makes no representation or warranty as to its accuracy.

 

Performance Information

 

The following performance information indicates some of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the Fund’s performance from year to year. The table illustrates how the Fund’s average annual total returns for 1 year and since inception periods compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. The Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is also available on the Fund’s website at www.graniteshares.com or by calling the Fund toll free at 844-476-8747.

 

Annual Total Returns as of December 31

 

 

 

During the periods shown in the bar chart above, the Fund’s highest quarterly return was 4.64% (quarter ended December 31, 2017) and the Fund’s lowest quarterly return was -9.53% (quarter ended December 31, 2018). The calendar year-to-date total return of the Fund as of September 30, 2019 was 2.89%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31, 2018

 

    1 Year     Since
Inception
(5/22/17)
 
Return Before Taxes     -11.79 %     -4.67 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions     -12.13 %     -4.95 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares     -6.98 %     -3.66 %
Bloomberg Commodity Index                
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)     -12.99 %     -5.94 %

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates during the period covered by the table above and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold shares through tax-advantaged arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts.

 

Portfolio Management

 

Investment adviser: GraniteShares Advisors LLC.

 

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Portfolio managers: Benoit Autier has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since May 2017. Jeff Klearman has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since June 2017.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The Fund issues and redeems shares at net asset value only in a large specified number of shares each called a “Creation Unit,” or multiples thereof. A Creation Unit consists of 50,000 shares. Individual shares of the Fund may only be purchased and sold on a national securities exchange through a broker-dealer. Shares of the Fund are listed on NYSE Arca, Inc. The price of Fund shares is based on the market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than net asset value, shares may trade at a price greater than net asset value (premium) or less than net asset value (discount).

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions will be taxable to you, generally as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, unless you are invested through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account; in such cases, you may be subject to tax when assets are withdrawn from the plan. A sale of shares may result in capital gain or loss.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Fund and its related companies may pay the Intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF – Summary

 

Investment Objective

 

The GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to commodity futures markets.

 

Fees and Fund Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. The fees are expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Investors may pay brokerage commissions on their purchases and sales of Fund shares, which are not reflected in the table.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses    
Management Fees   0.35%
Other Expenses of the Fund   0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (1)    0.35%

 

(1) The information in the table has been restated to reflect current fees and expenses.

 

Example

 

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.

 

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The figures shown would be the same whether or not you sold your shares at the end of each period.

 

This Example does not include the brokerage commissions that investors may pay on their purchases and sales of Fund shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

 

1 Year   3 Years   5 Years   10 Years 
$36   $113   $197   $443 

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 0% of the average value of its portfolio. However, if the Fund’s use of derivatives were reflected, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate would be higher.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to commodity futures markets. The Fund’s investment strategy is based in part on the S&P GSCI Index (the “GSCI Benchmark”), which is designed to be measure of commodity market performance over time.

 

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The commodity futures contracts represented in the GSCI Benchmark are weighted based on global production values to reflect the relative significance of the physical commodities underlying such commodity futures contracts to the world economy.

 

Currently, the GSCI Benchmark consists of 24 commodities futures contracts with respect to 22 commodities: crude oil (WTI and Brent), corn, live cattle, wheat (Chicago and Kansas), heating oil, gas oil, gold, copper, RBOB gasoline, soybeans, natural gas, aluminum, lean hogs, sugar, cotton, feeder cattle, coffee, zinc, lead, nickel, cocoa and silver. The GSCI Benchmark reflects the return from these commodity futures contracts.

 

While the Fund generally will seek exposure to the commodity futures markets included in the GSCI Benchmark, the Fund is not an index tracking ETF and will seek to improve its performance, in part through a cash management strategy consisting of investments in investment grade fixed income securities issued by various U.S. public-sector or corporate entities (“Fixed Income Securities”). The Adviser will use such instruments to generate a total return for investors and exercise its discretion in the use of such instruments to seek to optimize the investment performance of the Fund. In addition, the Fund at times may actively select investments with differing maturities from the underlying components of the GSCI Benchmark, may not invest in all of the GSCI Benchmark’s components or in the same proportion as the GSCI Benchmark, may invest in commodity-linked derivative instruments and other commodity-linked instruments outside the GSCI Benchmark, and may emphasize some commodity sectors more than others.

 

The Fund is called “No K1” because it is designed to operate differently than commodity-based exchange traded funds that distribute to shareholders a “Schedule K-1.” Schedule K-1 is a tax document that contains information regarding a fund’s income and expenses. Schedule K-1 is a complex form and shareholders may find that preparing tax returns requires additional time or the assistance of a professional tax adviser, at additional expense to the shareholder. In contrast, the Fund is designed to be taxed like a conventional mutual fund and therefore will deliver a “Form 1099” to investors, from which income, gains, and losses can be entered onto the investor’s tax return. To deliver 1099s consistent with applicable tax law, the Fund currently expects to invest in an underlying subsidiary, as discussed below.

 

The Fund will gain exposure to the commodity futures markets by investing initially in commodity futures contracts (“Commodity Futures”). The Fund does not expect to invest directly in Commodity Futures. The Fund expects to gain exposure to these investments by investing a portion of its assets in the GraniteShares GSCI Cayman Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary is advised by the Adviser, and the Adviser complies with the provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), relating to advisory contracts. Unlike the Fund, the Subsidiary is not an investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary is intended to provide the Fund with exposure to commodity futures markets in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. The Subsidiary has the same investment objective and will follow the same general investment policies and restrictions as the Fund. The Fund will invest up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. The Fund complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing capital structure and leverage (Section 18) on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiary. Except as otherwise noted, references to the Fund’s investment strategies and risks include the investment strategies and risks of the Subsidiary.

 

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The Fund’s principal investments are described below.

 

Commodity-linked derivative instruments. Commodities are assets that have tangible properties, such as oil, metals, and agricultural products. A commodity-linked instrument is a financial instrument whose value is linked to the movement of a commodity, commodity index, or commodity futures contract. The value of commodity-linked instruments may be affected by overall market movements and other factors affecting the value of a particular industry or commodity, such as weather, disease, embargoes, or political and regulatory developments.

 

  Commodity Futures: The Fund expects to gain exposure to the commodity futures markets initially by investing in Commodity Futures through the Subsidiary. A Commodity Futures contract is a standardized contract traded on, or subject to the rules of, an exchange that calls for the future delivery of a specified quantity and type of underlying commodity at a specified time and place or, alternatively, may call for cash settlement.
     
  Swap Agreements: Commodity-linked swap agreements (“Commodity Swaps, or “Swaps”) are derivative instruments whereby the cash flows agreed upon between counterparties are dependent upon the price of the underlying commodity or commodity index over the life of the swap. The Fund may enter into some Commodity Swaps in the “over the counter” (“OTC”) market, that is, by negotiating directly with a third party called a “counterparty.” Other Commodity Swaps are cleared through a central counterparty and executed through a futures commission merchant. The Fund will invest in cleared Commodity Swaps through the Subsidiary and OTC Swaps directly or through the Subsidiary. The Fund may invest in Commodity Swaps as its assets grow.

 

Other commodity-linked instruments. The Fund may invest in other instruments whose value goes up or down based on price movements of underlying physical commodities, such as commodity-linked notes, exchange-traded products providing exposure to commodities (including exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”) and other ETFs) and other investment companies. An ETN is an unsecured debt security that trades on an established exchange. Its underlying value is based on the value of an index, commodity, interest rate or other objectively determined reference. A commodity-linked note is an instrument that has characteristics of both a debt security and a commodity-linked derivative instrument. It typically makes interest payments like a debt security, and at maturity, the principal payment is linked to the price movement of a commodity, commodity index, or commodity futures contract.

 

Fixed Income Securities. The Fund will invest in Fixed Income Securities. The Fixed Income Securities in which the Fund may invest include U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, corporate bonds, debentures and notes, mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, event-linked bonds, bank certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper and other short-term fixed income securities with maturities of up to two years. The Fund’s Fixed Income Securities earn interest income for the Fund and can be used as collateral (also referred to as “margin”) for the Fund’s investments in Commodity Futures. The Fund does not target a specific duration or maturity for the Fixed Income Securities in which it invests. The average duration of the portfolio of Fixed Income Securities will vary based on interest rates.

 

The Fund is “non-diversified,” meaning that a relatively high percentage of its assets may be invested in a limited number of issuers of securities.

 

Concentration Policy

 

The Fund may not concentrate its investments (i.e., invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets) in securities of issuers in any one industry or group of industries. This restriction will not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or securities of other investment companies.

 

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Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund

 

You Could Lose Money by Investing in the Fund.

 

Principal risk factors for the Fund are discussed below. The Fund may be subject to other risks in addition to those identified as principal risks. Loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund. The investment program of the Fund is speculative, entails substantial risks and includes asset classes and investment techniques not employed by more traditional mutual funds and ETFs. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Fund will be achieved. It is important that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them before making an investment in the Fund.

 

Investments in the Fund are not bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

Agricultural Sector Investment Risk

 

The performance of the Fund in part is linked to the daily performance of the spot price of certain agricultural commodities, including soybeans, corn, soybean meal, soybean oil, wheat, HRW wheat, coffee, sugar, cocoa and cotton. Investments in the agriculture sector may be highly volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably due to a number of factors, including the supply of and demand of each commodity, legislative or regulatory developments relating to food safety, political, legal, financial, accounting and tax matters and other events that the Fund cannot control. In addition, increased competition caused by economic recession, labor difficulties and changing consumer tastes and spending can affect the demand for agricultural products, and consequently the value of investments in that sector. As a result, the price of an agricultural commodity could decline, which would adversely affect an investment in the Fund if it held that commodity.

 

Authorized Participant Concentration Risk

 

Only an authorized participant that has entered into an agreement with the Fund’s distributor (an “Authorized Participant”) may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants.

 

Cash Transaction Risk

 

Creation and redemption transactions are expected to generally settle through payments of cash and/or Fixed Income Securities, which will cause the Fund to incur certain costs, such as brokerage costs, that it would not incur if it made in-kind redemptions. Other ETFs generally are able to make in-kind redemptions and avoid realized gains in connection with transactions designed to meet redemption requests. Because the Fund may effect redemptions principally for cash, rather than in-kind distributions, it may be required to sell financial instruments in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute the redemption proceeds. Such cash transactions may have to be carried out over several days if the securities market is relatively illiquid and may involve considerable brokerage fees. These brokerage fees, which will be higher than if the Fund redeemed its shares in kind, will be passed on to redeemers of Creation Units in the form of redemption transaction fees. In addition, these factors may result in wider spreads between the bid and the offered prices of the Fund’s shares than for more conventional ETFs (for example, those that track an index of corporate equity securities). In addition, an investment in Fund shares may be less tax efficient than investments in shares of conventional ETFs, and there may be a substantial difference in the after-tax rate of return between the Fund and conventional ETFs.

 

Clearing Broker Risk

 

The failure or bankruptcy of the Fund’s clearing broker could result in a substantial loss of Fund assets. Under current Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) regulations, a clearing broker maintains customers’ assets in a bulk segregated account. If a clearing broker fails to do so, or is unable to satisfy a substantial deficit in a customer account, its other customers may be subject to risk of loss of their funds in the event of that clearing broker’s bankruptcy. In that event, the clearing broker’s customers, such as the Fund, are entitled to recover, even in respect of property specifically traceable to them, only a proportional share of all property available for distribution to all of that clearing broker’s customers.

 

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Commodity and Commodity-Linked Derivative Risk

 

Commodities. The Fund’s exposure to investments in physical commodities presents unique risks. Investing in physical commodities, including through commodity-linked derivative instruments such as commodity-linked swaps, commodity futures, and commodity index futures, as well as other commodity-linked instruments, is speculative and can be extremely volatile. Market prices of commodities may fluctuate rapidly based on numerous factors, including: changes in supply and demand relationships (whether actual, perceived, anticipated, unanticipated or unrealized); weather; agriculture; trade; domestic and foreign political and economic events and policies; diseases; pestilence; technological developments; currency exchange rate fluctuations; and monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction.

 

Commodity-Linked Derivative Instruments. The use of commodity-linked derivative instruments by the Fund involves risks that are different from, and in many cases greater than, the risk associated with investing in other financial instruments. The value of a commodity-linked derivative instrument generally is based upon the price movements of a physical commodity (such as energy, minerals, or agricultural products), a futures contract, swap or commodity index, or other economic variables linked to changes in the value of commodities or the commodities markets. The commodities-linked derivative instruments in which the Fund invests tend to be more volatile than many other types of financial instruments and may subject the Fund to special risks that do not apply to all derivatives transactions. Also, a liquid secondary market may not exist for the types of commodity-linked derivative instruments the Fund buys, which may make it difficult for the Fund to sell them at an acceptable price. The Fund’s ability to gain exposure to commodity-linked investments and achieve its investment objective may be limited by its intention to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”).

 

Commodity Futures. Risks of Commodity Futures include: (i) an imperfect correlation between the value of the Commodity Futures and the underlying commodity or commodity index; (ii) possible lack of a liquid secondary market; (iii) the inability to close a Commodity Future when desired; (iv) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which may be unlimited; and (v) an obligation for the Fund to make daily cash payments to maintain its required collateral, or margin, particularly at times when the Fund may have insufficient cash or must sell securities to meet those margin requirements. Although the counterparty to an exchange-traded futures contract is often backed by a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) or clearing organization that is further backed by a group of financial institutions, there may be instances in which the FCM or the clearing organization could fail to perform its obligations, causing significant losses to the Fund. For example, the Fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with a clearing organization as well as any gains owed but not paid to the Fund, if the clearing organization becomes insolvent or otherwise fails to perform its obligations.

 

Commodity Swaps. If a counterparty to a Commodity Swap becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under the Swap due to financial difficulties, the Fund could suffer losses. Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant’s Swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. Credit risk of cleared Swap participants is concentrated in a few clearinghouses and the consequences of insolvency of a clearinghouse are not clear. Under certain market conditions, the Fund may invest in a single Swap, and a bankruptcy or other performance failure by the counterparty to the swap could cause the Fund to lose the assets held by the Swap provider. Swaps are subject to pricing risk (i.e., Swaps may be hard to value) and may be considered illiquid.

 

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Commodity-Linked Note Risk

 

Commodity-linked notes have characteristics of both a debt security and a derivative. Typically, they are issued by a bank at a specified face value and pay a fixed or floating rate linked to the performance of an underlying asset, such as commodity indices, particular commodities or commodity futures contracts. As such, the Fund faces the economic risk of movements in commodity prices by investing in such notes. These notes also are subject to credit, market and interest rate risks that in general affect the values of debt securities.

 

Commodity Pool Risk

 

Under regulations promulgated by the CFTC, the Fund and the Subsidiary are considered commodity pools, and therefore are subject to regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act and CFTC rules. The Adviser is registered as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”), and it will manage the Fund and the Subsidiary in accordance with applicable CFTC rules, as well as the rules that apply to registered investment companies. Registration as a CPO subjects the registrant to additional laws, regulations and enforcement policies, all of which may potentially increase compliance costs and may affect the operations and financial performance of the Fund. Additionally, the Subsidiary’s positions in futures contracts may have to be liquidated at disadvantageous times or prices to prevent the Fund from exceeding any applicable position limits established by the CFTC. Such actions may subject the Fund to substantial losses.

 

Credit Risk

 

Credit risk is the risk that the value of debt instruments may decline if the issuer thereof defaults or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling, or is perceived to be unable or unwilling, to honor its financial obligations, such as making payments to the Fund when due.

 

Cyber Security Risk

 

Failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, and the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to cause disruptions and negatively impact the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.

 

Energy Sector Investment Risk

 

The performance of the Fund in part is linked to the daily performance of the spot price of certain energy-related commodities, including WTI crude oil, Brent Crude Oil, gas oil, heating oil, low sulfur gas oil, RBOB gasoline, ULS diesel and natural gas. The market values of such commodities are strongly affected by the supply of, and demand for, those commodities, as well as, among other factors, capital expenditures on exploration and production, energy conservation efforts, government regulation and subsidization, world event, technological advances and general economic conditions. Therefore, energy commodities are subject to swift price fluctuations, and investments in such commodities can be cyclical and/or highly volatile. Additionally, significant declines in the price of oil may contribute to significant market volatility, which may materially adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

 

Exchange-Traded Note Risk

 

ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities of an issuer that are designed to provide returns that are linked to a particular benchmark. ETNs do not provide principal protection and may not make periodic coupon payments. ETNs have a maturity date and generally are backed only by the creditworthiness of the issuer. As a result, ETNs are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the issuer cannot pay interest or repay principal when it is due.

 

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Fixed Income Securities Risk

 

The market value of Fixed Income Securities will change in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as changes in the effective maturities and credit ratings of fixed income investments. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of outstanding Fixed Income Securities and related financial instruments generally rise. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the values of such securities and related financial instruments generally decline.

 

Investments in Fixed Income Securities may also involve the following risks, depending on the instrument involved:

 

  Asset-Backed/Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk – The market value and yield of asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities can vary due to market interest rate fluctuations and early prepayments of underlying instruments.
     
  Credit Risk – An investment in the Fund also involves the risk that the issuer of a fixed income security that the Fund holds will fail to make timely payments of interest or principal or go bankrupt, or that the value of the securities will decline because of a market perception that the issuer may not make payments on time, thus potentially reducing the Fund’s return.
     
  Event Risk – Event risk is the risk that corporate issuers may undergo restructurings, such as mergers, leveraged buyouts, takeovers, or similar events financed by increased debt. As a result of the added debt, the credit quality and market value of a company’s bonds and/or other debt securities may decline significantly.
     
  Extension Risk – When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these securities to fall.
     
  Interest Rate Risk – Generally, the value of Fixed Income Securities will change inversely with changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise, the market value of Fixed Income Securities tends to decrease. Conversely, as interest rates fall, the market value of Fixed Income Securities tends to increase. This risk will be greater for long-term securities than for short-term securities. In recent periods, governmental financial regulators, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, have taken steps to maintain historically low interest rates, which may increase interest rate risk. Changes in government intervention may have adverse effects on investments, volatility, and illiquidity in debt markets.
     
  Prepayment Risk – When interest rates are declining, issuers of Fixed Income Securities held by the Fund may prepay principal earlier than scheduled.

 

Gap Risk

 

The Fund is subject to the risk that a commodity price will change from one level to another with no trading in between. Usually such movements occur when there are adverse news announcements, which can cause a commodity price to drop substantially from the previous day’s closing price.

 

Increased Competition Risk

 

The Adviser believes that there has been, over time, a general increase in interest in commodity investing. As the Adviser’s assets under management invested directly or indirectly in the commodities markets increases, an increasing number of traders may attempt to initiate or liquidate substantial positions at or about the same time as the Adviser, or otherwise alter historical trading patterns or affect the execution of trades, to the detriment of the Fund.

 

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Index Futures Risk

 

The value of commodity futures contracts reflecting the performance of the GSCI Benchmark could be affected by factors that do not directly affect the GSCI Benchmark, and accordingly, the value of such Index Futures and the level of the GSCI Benchmark may vary from each other.

 

Index-Related Risk

 

Errors in GSCI Benchmark data, GSCI Benchmark computations and/or the construction of the GSCI Benchmark in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“S&P”) for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

 

Investment Company Risk

 

An investment in other investment companies (including other ETFs) is subject to the risks associated with those investment companies, which include, but are not limited to, the risk that such fund’s investment strategy may not produce the intended results; the risk that securities in such fund may underperform in comparison to the general securities markets or other asset classes; and the risk that the fund will be concentrated in a particular issuer, market, industry or sector, and therefore will be especially susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that issuer, market, industry or sector. Moreover, the Fund will incur duplicative expenses from such investments, bearing its share of that fund’s expenses while also paying its own advisory and administrative fees.

 

Leverage Risk

 

While the Fund does not seek leveraged returns, the Fund’s use of certain derivatives may create investment leverage. This means that the derivative position may provide the Fund with investment exposure greater than the value of the Fund’s investment in the derivative. As a result, these derivatives may magnify losses to the Fund, and even a small market movement may result in significant losses to the Fund.

 

Liquidity Risk

 

The Fund may make investments that are illiquid or that may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse investor perceptions. Illiquid investments may be more difficult to value, especially in changing or volatile markets. In addition, a lack of liquidity in the market for the Fund’s shares may lead to differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and their underlying value.

 

A potential rise in interest rates may result in periods of volatility and reduced liquidity with respect to the Fund’s investments in Fixed Income Securities. A reduction in dealer market-making capacity in fixed income markets that has occurred in recent years also has the potential to decrease liquidity.

 

Management Risk

 

The Fund is an actively managed portfolio. In managing the Fund’s portfolio holdings, the Adviser applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund. There can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.

 

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Market Risk

 

The Fund’s holdings are subject to market fluctuations. It is important to understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in the market, and you could lose money. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry, economic sector, or the market as a whole.

 

Metals Sector Investment Risk

 

The performance of the Fund in part is linked to the daily performance of the spot price of certain industrial and precious metals, including aluminum, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, gold and silver. Investments in metals may be highly volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably due to a number of factors, including the supply and demand of each metal, environmental or labor costs, political, legal, financial, accounting and tax matters and other events that the Fund cannot control. In addition, changes in international monetary policies or economic and political conditions can affect the supply of metals, and consequently the value of metal investments. The United States or foreign governments may pass laws or regulations limiting metal investments for strategic or other policy reasons. Further, the principal supplies of metal industries may be concentrated in a small number of countries and regions. Consequently, the price of a metal held by the Fund could decline, which would adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

 

Non-Diversification Risk

 

The Fund is non-diversified, meaning that it is permitted to invest a larger percentage of its assets in fewer issuers than diversified mutual funds. Thus, the Fund may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting any single issuer held in its portfolio, and may be more susceptible to greater losses because of these developments.

 

Operational Risk

 

The Fund is exposed to various operational risks, including human error, information technology failures and failure to comply with formal procedures intended to mitigate these risks, and is particularly dependent on electronic means of communicating, record-keeping and otherwise conducting business.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk

 

The Fund may engage in frequent trading of derivatives. Active and frequent trading may lead to the realization and distribution to shareholders of higher short-term capital gains, which would increase their tax liability. Frequent trading also increases transaction costs, which could detract from the Fund’s performance.

 

Regulatory Risk

 

The Fund is subject to the risk that a change in U.S. law and related regulations will impact the way the Fund operates, increase the particular costs of the Fund’s operations and/or change the competitive landscape.

 

Roll Yield Risk

 

As the futures contracts held by the Fund near expiration, they may be replaced by contracts that have a later expiration. During situations where the cost of futures contracts for delivery on dates further in the future is higher than those for delivery closer in time, the Fund may experience losses.

 

Secondary Market Trading Risk

 

An investment in the Fund faces risks from its shares being traded in the secondary market, including the potential lack of an active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruption in the creation/redemption process of Fund shares. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to net asset value.

 

Trading Issues. Although Fund shares are listed for trading on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”), there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged or that the shares will trade with any volume, or at all.

 

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In times of market stress, market makers or Authorized Participants may step away from their respective roles in making a market in Fund shares and in executing purchase or redemption orders. This could lead to variances between the market price of the Fund’s shares and their underlying value.

 

Fluctuation of Net Asset Value. The net asset value of Fund shares will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The market prices of shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in the Fund’s net asset value and supply and demand of shares on the Exchange. The market price of Fund shares may deviate from the value of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, particularly in times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the Fund shares bought or sold. This may be reflected as a spread between the bid and ask prices for Fund shares quoted during a trading day or a premium or discount in the closing price of Fund shares from the Fund’s net asset value. It cannot be predicted whether Fund shares will trade below, at or above their net asset value.

 

Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Investors buying or selling Fund shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by each broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of shares.

 

Subsidiary Investment Risk

 

By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act; therefore, the Fund will not receive all protections offered to investors in registered investment companies. In addition, changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Subsidiary are organized, respectively, could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as intended and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders.

 

Tax Risk

 

In order to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment accorded to a RIC, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from certain categories of income (“qualifying income”) and must satisfy certain asset diversification requirements. The Fund intends to hold certain commodity-related investments indirectly, through its Subsidiary. The Fund expects its income with respect to the Subsidiary will be qualifying income. However, there is a risk that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) could issue regulations or other guidance holding, or could assert, that the Fund’s income with respect to the Subsidiary is not qualifying income for purposes of the Fund remaining qualified as a RIC. In such circumstances, the Fund may fail to qualify as a RIC or be required to make changes to its operations, which may affect the Fund's ability to gain investment exposure to commodities.Fund shareholders may also experience adverse tax consequences in such circumstances. The Adviser will carefully monitor the Fund’s investments in the Subsidiary to ensure that no more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets are invested in the Subsidiary to ensure compliance with the Fund’s asset diversification test as described in more detail in the SAI.

 

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U.S. Government Securities Risk

 

Obligations of U.S. government agencies and authorities are supported by varying degrees of credit but generally are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support to its agencies and authorities if it is not obligated by law to do so.

 

Valuation Risk

 

During periods of reduced market liquidity or readily available market quotations, the Fund’s ability to obtain reliable, objective pricing data and to value its holdings becomes more difficult. Consequently, while valuation determinations made by the Adviser (using fair value procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees of the GraniteShares ETF Trust) may be done in good faith, it may be difficult for the Fund to accurately assign a daily value to its holdings.

 

When all or a portion of the Fund’s underlying investments trade in a market that is closed when the market for the Fund’s shares is open, there may be changes between the last quote from a closed foreign market and the value of the applicable investment during the Fund’s domestic trading day.

 

The trading prices of the Fund’s shares in the secondary market generally differ from the Fund’s daily net asset value and are affected by market forces such as supply and demand, economic conditions and other factors. Information regarding the intraday value of shares of the Fund, also known as the “Intraday Interim Value” (“IIV”), is disseminated every 15 seconds throughout the trading day by the national securities exchange on which the Fund’s shares are listed or by market data vendors or other information providers. The IIV is based on the current market value of the financial instruments and/or cash required to be deposited in exchange for a Creation Unit (as defined below). The IIV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of investments held by the Fund at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, the IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the Fund’s net asset value, which is computed only once a day. The IIV is generally determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers that may trade in the portfolio investments held by the Fund. The quotations of certain Fund holdings may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the United States. The Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the IIV and makes no representation or warranty as to its accuracy.

 

Performance Information

 

The following performance information indicates some of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the Fund’s performance from year to year. The table illustrates how the Fund’s average annual total returns for 1 year and since inception periods compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. The Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is also available on the Fund’s website at www.graniteshares.com or by calling the Fund toll free at 844-476-8747.

 

Annual Total Returns as of December 31

 

 

 

During the periods shown in the bar chart above, the Fund’s highest quarterly return was 9.54% (quarter ended December 31, 2017) and the Fund’s lowest quarterly return was -23.02% (quarter ended December 31, 2018). The calendar year-to-date total return of the Fund as of September 30, 2019 was 8.14%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31, 2018

 

          Since  
          Inception  
    1 Year     (5/22/17)  
Return Before Taxes     -14.35 %     -3.09 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions     -20.71 %     -7.63 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares     -8.49 %     -4.21 %
S&P GSCI Index                
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)     -15.39 %     -2.66 %

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates during the period covered by the table above and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold shares through tax-advantaged arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts.

 

Portfolio Management

 

Investment adviser: GraniteShares Advisors LLC.

 

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Portfolio managers: Benoit Autier has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since May 2017. Jeff Klearman has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since June 2017.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The Fund issues and redeems shares at net asset value only in a large specified number of shares each called a “Creation Unit,” or multiples thereof. A Creation Unit consists of 50,000 shares. Individual shares of the Fund may only be purchased and sold on a national securities exchange through a broker-dealer. Shares of the Fund are listed on NYSE Arca, Inc. The price of Fund shares is based on the market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than net asset value, shares may trade at a price greater than net asset value (premium) or less than net asset value (discount).

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions will be taxable to you, generally as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, unless you are invested through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account; in such cases, you may be subject to tax when assets are withdrawn from the plan. A sale of shares may result in capital gain or loss.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Fund and its related companies may pay the Intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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GraniteShares Hips Us High Income Etf – Summary

 

Investment Objective

 

The GraniteShares HIPS US High Income ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the TFMS HIPS Index (the “Index”).

 

Fees and Fund Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. The fees are expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Investors may pay brokerage commissions on their purchases and sales of Fund shares, which are not reflected in the table.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses    
Management Fee    0.70%
Other Expenses    0.00%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (1),(2)     0.57 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(1)     1.27 %

 

(1) The information in the table has been restated to reflect current fees and expenses.
   
(2) Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses reflect Fund expenses paid indirectly and do not correlate to the expense ratios in the Fund’s Financial Highlights because the Financial Highlights include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund and exclude Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.

 

Example

 

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.

 

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The figures shown would be the same whether or not you sold your shares at the end of each period.

 

This Example does not include the brokerage commissions that investors may pay on their purchases and sales of Fund shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

 

1 Year   3 Years   5 Years   10 Years 
$ 129    $ 403    $ 697    $ 1,534  

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities and derivative instruments (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 112% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

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Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund employs a “passive management”—or indexing—investment approach designed to track the performance of the Index. The rules-based Index measures the performance of up to 300 high income U.S.-listed securities that typically have “pass-through” structures that require them to distribute substantially all of their earnings to shareholders as cash distributions. This “high income, pass-through” strategy is known as HIPS.

 

The Index

 

The Index is constructed to capture up to 60 high income securities, typically with pass-through structures, across the following sectors: (i) closed-end funds (“CEFs”), (ii) real estate investment trusts (“REITS”), (iii) asset management and business development companies (“BDCs”), and (iv) energy production and energy transportation and processing companies. Energy-related companies included in the Index are expected to primarily be structured as master limited partnerships (“MLPs”). CEFs included in the Index are option income funds and taxable, debt-based funds and may include CEFs that invest primarily in bank loans, high-yield securities (also known as “junk bonds”), foreign securities (including those in emerging markets), and mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

 

The Index applies a quantitative screen to the securities in such sectors for minimum market capitalizations and minimum liquidity thresholds. The Index then selects up to 15 securities with the highest yield and lowest volatility over a prescribed time period for each sector with all securities equally weighted. Finally, the Index adjusts the weights of each sector to minimize the Index volatility and maximize the Index return, as measured over a prescribed time period, subject to a minimum sector weight of 15% and a maximum MLP sector weight of 25%. The Index may include small-, mid-, and large-capitalization companies meeting the screening criteria.

 

The Index is reconstituted annually and rebalanced only if the MLP sector weight exceeds 25% at the end of a quarter.

 

The Fund’s Investment Strategy

 

The Fund attempts to invest all, or substantially all, of its assets in the securities that make up the Index. The Fund will generally use a “replication” strategy to achieve its investment objective, meaning it generally will invest in all of the component securities of the Index, but may, when the adviser believes it is in the best interests of the Fund, use a “representative sampling” strategy, meaning it may invest in a sample of the securities in the Index whose risk, return and other characteristics are expected to closely resemble the risk, return and other characteristics of the Index as a whole.

 

Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s total assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending) will be invested in the component securities of the Index and investments that have economic characteristics that are substantially identical to the economic characteristics of such component securities. GraniteShares Advisors LLC (“GraniteShares” or the “Adviser”), the Fund’s investment adviser, expects that, over time, the correlation between the Fund’s performance and that of the Index, before fees and expenses, will be 95% or better.

 

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Concentration Policy

 

To the extent the Index concentrates (i.e., holds 25% or more of its total assets) in the securities of a particular industry or group of related industries, the Fund will concentrate its investments to approximately the same extent as the Index.

 

Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund

 

You Could Lose Money by Investing in the Fund.

 

Principal risk factors for the Fund are discussed below. The Fund may be subject to other risks in addition to those identified as principal risks. Loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Fund will be achieved.

 

Investments in the Fund are not bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

Authorized Participant Concentration Risk

 

Only an authorized participant that has entered into an agreement with the Fund’s distributor (an “Authorized Participant”) may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. The Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants.

 

Bank Debt Risk

 

The Fund may invest in CEFs that primarily invest in bank loans and participations. Risks associated with these obligations include, but are not limited to, risks involving the enforceability of security interests and loan transactions, inadequate collateral, liabilities relating to collateral securing obligations, and the liquidity of these loans. The market for corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods. The corporate loans in which such CEFs invest may be rated below investment grade.

 

BDC Risk

 

BDCs may carry risks similar to those of a private equity or venture capital fund. BDC company securities are not redeemable at the option of the shareholder and they may trade in the market at a discount to their net asset value (“NAV”). BDCs usually trade at a discount to their NAV because they invest in unlisted securities and have limited access to capital markets. BDCs are subject to management and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund.

 

Below Investment-Grade Instruments Risk

 

The Fund may invest in CEFs that primarily invest in below-investment grade debt (also known as “junk bonds”). Although junk bonds generally pay higher rates of interest than investment grade bonds, junk bonds are speculative, high-risk investments that may cause income and principal losses for such CEFs and consequently, negatively affect the value of the Fund’s investment in such CEFs.

 

Cash Redemption Risk

 

The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem its shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. The Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used.

 

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Concentration Risk

 

The Fund may be susceptible to an increased risk of loss, including losses due to adverse events that affect the Fund’s investments more than the market as a whole, to the extent that the Fund’s investments are concentrated in the securities of a particular issuer or issuers, country, group of countries, region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class.

 

Cyber Security Risk

 

Failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, and the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to cause disruptions and negatively impact the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.

 

Equity Market Risk

 

Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. In addition, the equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific industries, sectors or companies in which the Fund invests.

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk

 

The Fund may invest in CEFs that invest primarily in debt securities. Debt securities, such as bonds and certain asset-backed securities, involve certain risks, which include:

 

  Credit Risk – Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a security will not be able to make payments of interest and principal when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer.
     
  Event Risk – Event risk is the risk that corporate issuers may undergo restructurings, such as mergers, leveraged buyouts, takeovers, or similar events financed by increased debt. As a result of the added debt, the credit quality and market value of a company’s bonds and/or other debt securities may decline significantly.
     
  Extension Risk – When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these securities to fall.
     
  Interest Rate Risk – Generally, the value of fixed income securities will change inversely with changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise, the market value of fixed income securities tends to decrease. Conversely, as interest rates fall, the market value of fixed income securities tends to increase. This risk will be greater for long-term securities than for short-term securities. In recent periods, governmental financial regulators, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, have taken steps to maintain historically low interest rates, which may increase interest rate risk. Changes in government intervention may have adverse effects on investments, volatility, and illiquidity in debt markets.

 

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  Prepayment Risk – When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the proceeds may have to be invested in securities with lower yields.
     
  Variable and Floating Rate Instrument Risk – The absence of an active market for these securities could make it difficult to dispose of them if the issuer defaults.

 

Foreign Securities Risk

 

The Fund may invest in CEFs that invest primarily in foreign securities. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. Investments in non-U.S. securities also may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. These and other factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments. These risks may be even greater for securities of companies organized in emerging market nations.

 

Index-Related Risk

 

Errors in index data, index computations and/or the construction of the Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

 

Investment Company Risk

 

The risks of investment in investment companies, such as CEFs and BDCs, typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the investment companies invest. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company and bears its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the other investment company. The Fund may be subject to statutory limits with respect to the amount it can invest in other investment companies, which may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Investments in exchange-listed investment companies (“ETPs”) are also subject to the following risks: (i) the market price of an ETP’s shares may trade above or below their NAV; (ii) an active trading market for an ETP’s shares may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) trading of an ETP’s shares may be halted for a number of reasons.

 

Large-Sized Company Risk

 

Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in technology and consumer tastes. Many larger companies also may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.

 

Liquidity Risk

 

Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. This can reduce the Fund’s returns because the Fund may be unable to transact at advantageous times or prices.

 

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Market Risk

 

The Fund’s holdings are subject to market fluctuations. It is important to understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in the market, and you could lose money. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry, economic sector, or the market as a whole.

 

MLP Risk

 

MLP investment returns are enhanced during periods of declining or low interest rates and tend to be negatively influenced when interest rates are rising. In addition, most MLPs are leveraged and typically carry a portion of a “floating” rate debt. As such, a significant upward swing in interest rates would also drive interest expense higher. Furthermore, most MLPs grow by acquisitions partly financed by debt, and higher interest rates could make it more difficult to make acquisitions. MLP investments also entail many of the general tax risks of investing in a partnership. Limited partners in an MLP typically have limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the partnership. Additionally, there is the risk that an MLP will fail to qualify for favorable tax treatment.

 

Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities Risk

 

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities are subject to credit, interest rate, prepayment and extension risks (see “Debt Securities Risk” above). These securities also are subject to risk of default on the underlying mortgage or asset, particularly during periods of economic downturn. Small movements in interest rates may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain mortgage-backed securities.

 

Operational Risk

 

The Fund is exposed to various operational risks, including human error, information technology failures and failure to comply with formal procedures intended to mitigate these risks, and is particularly dependent on electronic means of communicating, record-keeping and otherwise conducting business.

 

Passive Investment Risk

 

The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, its Index regardless of their investment merit. The Fund does not attempt to outperform its Index or take defensive positions in declining markets. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be adversely affected by a general decline in the market segments relating to its Index.

 

Regulatory Risk

 

The Fund is subject to the risk that a change in U.S. law and related regulations will impact the way the Fund operates, increase the particular costs of the Fund’s operations and/or change the competitive landscape.

 

REIT Investment Risk

 

Investments in REITs involve unique risks. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume, and may be more volatile than other securities. The risks of investing in REITs include certain risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate and the real estate industry in general. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation.

 

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Secondary Market Trading Risk

 

An investment in the Fund faces risks from its shares being traded in the secondary market, including the potential lack of an active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruption in the creation/redemption process of Fund shares. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to net asset value.

 

Trading Issues. Although Fund shares are listed for trading on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”), there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged or that the shares will trade with any volume, or at all.

 

In times of market stress, market makers or Authorized Participants may step away from their respective roles in making a market in Fund shares and in executing purchase or redemption orders. This could lead to variances between the market price of the Fund’s shares and their underlying value.

 

Fluctuation of Net Asset Value. The net asset value of Fund shares will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The market prices of shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in the Fund’s net asset value and supply and demand of shares on the Exchange. The market price of Fund shares may deviate from the value of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, particularly in times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the Fund shares bought or sold. This may be reflected as a spread between the bid and ask prices for Fund shares quoted during a trading day or a premium or discount in the closing price of Fund shares from the Fund’s net asset value. It cannot be predicted whether Fund shares will trade below, at or above their net asset value.

 

Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Investors buying or selling Fund shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by each broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of shares.

 

Sector Risk

 

To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.

 

Energy Sector Risk. The Fund will invest significantly in securities, particularly MLPs, tied to the energy sector and energy infrastructure. Companies operating in the energy sector are subject to significant governmental regulation and may be affected by fluctuations in the prices of energy commodities, the depletion of natural resources, and changes in the supply or demand for energy commodities. Rising interest rates can also adversely impact the financial performance of these companies by increasing their costs of capital. Extreme weather or other natural disasters, threats of or actual attacks by terrorists, and significant accidents or similar events may adversely affect the securities issued by the company.

 

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Finance and Insurance Sector Risk. The Fund may invest in companies in the finance and insurance sector, and therefore the performance of the Fund could be negatively impacted by events affecting this sector. This sector can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, government regulation, the rate of defaults on corporate, consumer and government debt, the availability and cost of capital, and fallout from the housing and sub-prime mortgage crisis. This sector has experienced significant losses in the recent past, and the impact of more stringent capital requirements and of recent or future regulation on any individual financial company or on the sector as a whole cannot be predicted. In recent years, cyber attacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have caused significant losses.

 

Real Estate Sector Risk. Securities in the real estate sector are subject to the risk that the value of their underlying real estate may go down. Many factors may affect real estate values, including the general and local economies, the amount of new construction in a particular area, the laws and regulations (including zoning and tax laws) affecting real estate, and the costs of owning, maintaining and improving real estate. The availability of mortgages and changes in interest rates may also affect real estate values.

 

Small and Mid-Sized Company Risk

 

Small to mid-sized company stocks have historically been subject to greater investment risk than large company stocks. The prices of small- to mid-sized company stocks tend to be more volatile and less liquid than large company stocks.

 

Tax Risk

 

The Fund intends to qualify for treatment as a “regulated investment company” (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), by meeting certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. RICs are generally subject to favorable tax treatment under the Code. To meet the diversification requirements, the Fund must generally limit its investments in MLPs to no more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets. If the Fund fails to qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund may be subject to tax on its income at corporate rates, distributions from the Fund may be taxable to shareholders, and shareholders’ returns on their investments in the Fund could be significantly reduced.

 

Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to the Fund from investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce the Fund’s taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in the Fund’s income in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the Fund at the time the deductions were taken by the Fund, and even though those shareholders will not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. To distribute recapture income or to fund redemption requests, the Fund may need to liquidate investments.

 

MLPs taxed as partnerships have historically made cash distributions to limited partners that exceed the amount of taxable income allocable to limited partners or members, due to a variety of factors, including significant non-cash deductions such as depreciation and depletion. These excess cash distributions would not be treated as income to the Fund but rather would be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the Fund’s basis in the MLP. As a consequence, the Fund may make distributions that exceed its earnings and profits, which would be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in shares and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the shares are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits in respect of those shares will be treated as gain from the sale of the shares.

 

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Tracking Error Risk

 

As with all index funds, the performance of the Fund and its Index may differ from each other for a variety of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by the Index. In addition, the Fund may not be fully invested in the securities of the Index at all times or may hold securities not included in the Index.

 

Valuation Risk

 

During periods of reduced market liquidity or readily available market quotations, the Fund’s ability to obtain reliable, objective pricing data and to value its holdings becomes more difficult. Consequently, while valuation determinations made by the Adviser (using fair value procedures ad opted by the Board of Trustees of the GraniteShares ETF Trust) may be done in good faith, it may be difficult for the Fund to accurately assign a daily value to its holdings.

 

The trading prices of the Fund’s shares in the secondary market generally differ from the Fund’s daily net asset value and are affected by market forces such as supply and demand, economic conditions and other factors. Information regarding the intraday value of shares of the Fund, also known as the “Intraday Interim Value” (“IIV”), is disseminated every 15 seconds throughout the trading day by the national securities exchange on which the Fund’s shares are listed or by market data vendors or other information providers. The IIV is based on the current market value of the financial instruments and/or cash required to be deposited in exchange for a Creation Unit (as defined below). The IIV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of investments held by the Fund at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, the IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the Fund’s net asset value, which is computed only once a day. The IIV is generally determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers that may trade in the portfolio investments held by the Fund. The quotations of certain Fund holdings may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the United States. The Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the IIV and makes no representation or warranty as to its accuracy.

 

Performance

 

The following performance information indicates some of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the Fund’s performance from year to year. The table illustrates how the Fund’s average annual returns for the 1-year and since inception periods compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. The Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is also available on the Fund’s website at www.graniteshares.com or by calling the Fund toll free at 844-476-8747.

 

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Annual Total Return as of December 31

 

 

During the period of time shown in the bar chart above, the Fund’s highest quarterly return was 9.24% (quarter ended June 30, 2016), and the Fund’s lowest quarterly return was -13.53% (quarter ended December 31, 2018). The calendar year-to-date total return of the Fund as of September 30, 2019 was 18.21%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns for the Period Ended December 31, 2018
   1 Year   Since Inception (1/6/2015) 
Return Before Taxes    -8.94 %    0.06 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions    -10.53 %    -1.51 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares    -5.12 %    -0.52 %
TFMS HIPS Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)    -8.32 %    0.70 %
S&P 500 Total Return Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)    -4.38 %    8.00 %

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates during the period covered by the table above and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their shares through tax-advantaged arrangements such as an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged accounts.

 

Portfolio Management

 

Investment adviser: GraniteShares Advisors LLC became the investment adviser on December 18, 2017.

 

Portfolio managers: Benoit Autier and Jeff Klearman have been the Fund’s portfolio managers since inception.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The Fund issues and redeems shares at net asset value only in a large specified number of shares each called a “Creation Unit,” or multiples thereof. A Creation Unit consists of 50,000 shares. Individual shares of the Fund may only be purchased and sold on a national securities exchange through a broker-dealer. Shares of the Fund are listed on NYSE Arca, Inc. The price of Fund shares is based on the market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than net asset value, shares may trade at a price greater than net asset value (premium) or less than net asset value (discount).

 

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Tax Information

 

Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts. A portion of the Fund’s distributions is also expected to be treated as a return of capital for federal income tax purposes. Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you, but reduce your tax basis in your fund shares. Distributions by the Fund may be significantly higher than those of other exchange-traded funds.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Fund and its related companies may pay the Intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Additional Information about the Funds’ Investment Objectives, Strategies and Risks

 

Investment Objectives

 

The GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF (the “COMB Fund”) is an actively managed exchange-traded fund that seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to commodity futures markets. The GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF (the “COMG Fund”) is an actively managed exchange-traded fund that also seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to the commodity futures markets. The GraniteShares HIPS US High Income ETF (the “HIPS Fund” and, together with the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund, collectively, the “Funds,” and each, a “Fund”) seeks to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the TFMS HIPS 300 Index.

 

Each Fund’s investment objective can be changed by the Board of Trustees of GraniteShares ETF Trust without shareholder approval.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF

 

The COMB Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to commodity futures markets. To pursue this goal, it invests in a combination of commodity-linked derivative instruments, which provides exposure to the investment returns of the commodities markets without investing directly in physical commodities, and fixed income securities.

 

The COMB Fund’s investment strategy is based in part on the Bloomberg Commodity Index (the “COMB Benchmark”), which is designed to be a highly liquid and broad benchmark for commodities futures investments.

 

While the COMB Fund generally will seek exposure to the commodities futures markets included in the COMB Benchmark, the COMB Fund is not an index tracking ETF and will seek to improve its performance, in part through a cash management strategy consisting of investments in investment grade fixed income securities issued by various U.S. public-sector or corporate entities (“Fixed Income Securities”). GraniteShares Advisors LLC (the “Adviser”) will use such instruments to generate a total return for investors and exercise its discretion in the use of such instruments to seek to optimize the investment performance of the COMB Fund. In addition, the COMB Fund at times may actively select investments with differing maturities from the underlying components of the COMB Benchmark, may not invest in all of the COMB Benchmark’s components or in the same proportion as the COMB Benchmark, may invest in commodity-linked derivative instruments and other commodity-linked instruments outside the COMB Benchmark, and may emphasize some commodity sectors more than others.

 

The COMB Benchmark provides broad-based exposure to commodities as an asset class, since no single commodity or commodity sector dominates the COMB Benchmark. Rather than being driven by micro-economic events affecting one commodity market or sector, the COMB Benchmark is comprised of futures contracts on a broad basket of underlying commodities, which potentially reduces volatility in comparison with narrower commodity baskets.

 

Currently, the COMB Benchmark consists of 23 commodities futures contracts with respect to 21 commodities: aluminum, coffee, copper, corn, cotton, crude oil (WTI and Brent), gold, ULS Diesel, lean hogs, live cattle, low sulfur gas oil, natural gas, nickel, silver, soybean meal, soybean oil, soybeans, sugar, unleaded gas, wheat (Chicago and KC HRW), and zinc. The COMB Benchmark reflects the return from these commodity futures contracts.

 

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The COMB Benchmark, which is published by UBS Securities LLC together with Bloomberg Finance L.P. (collectively, “Bloomberg”), is an index that uses trading volume data in addition to production value data in determining the selection and relative weightings of represented commodity futures contracts. Commodity futures contracts are selected by the Bloomberg Index Oversight Committee for representation in the COMB Benchmark when the underlying commodities are believed to be sufficiently significant to the world economy to merit consideration. These designated futures contracts are then weighted according to a proprietary methodology for liquidity and production, and contracts with insufficient liquidity and/or production are eliminated.

 

Because it does not take delivery of the underlying commodities, the COMB Benchmark is a “rolling index.” The composition of the COMB Benchmark is rebalanced by Bloomberg each year pursuant to its methodology by index managers operating under the supervision of the Index Oversight Committee. Once approved, the new composition of the COMB Benchmark is publicly announced and takes effect in the month of January immediately following the announcement.

 

The COMB Fund is called “No K1” because it is designed to operate differently than commodity-based exchange traded funds that distribute to shareholders a “Schedule K-1.” Schedule K-1 is a tax document that contains information regarding a fund’s income and expenses. Schedule K-1 is a complex form and shareholders may find that preparing tax returns requires additional time or the assistance of a professional tax adviser, at additional expense to the shareholder. In contrast, the COMB Fund is designed to be taxed like a conventional mutual fund and therefore will deliver a “Form 1099” to investors, from which income, gains, and losses can be entered onto the investor’s tax return. To deliver 1099s consistent with applicable tax law, the COMB Fund currently expects to invest in an underlying subsidiary, as discussed below.

 

The COMB Fund expects initially to gain exposure to the commodity futures markets by investing in commodity futures contracts (“Commodity Futures”). The COMB Fund does not expect to invest directly in Commodity Futures. The COMB Fund expects to gain exposure to these investments by investing a portion of its assets in the GraniteShares COMB Cayman Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary is advised by the Adviser, and the Adviser complies with the provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), relating to advisory contracts. Unlike the COMB Fund, the Subsidiary is not an investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The COMB Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary is intended to provide the COMB Fund with exposure to commodity futures markets in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. The Subsidiary has the same investment objective and will follow the same general investment policies and restrictions as the COMB Fund. The COMB Fund will invest up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. The COMB Fund complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing capital structure and leverage (Section 18) on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiary. Except as otherwise noted, references to the COMB Fund’s investment strategies and risks include the investment strategies and risks of the Subsidiary.

 

The COMB Fund’s principal investments are described below.

 

Commodity-linked derivative instruments. Commodities are assets that have tangible properties, such as oil, metals, and agricultural products. A commodity-linked instrument is a financial instrument whose value is linked to the movement of a commodity, commodity index, or commodity futures contract. The value of commodity-linked instruments may be affected by overall market movements and other factors affecting the value of a particular industry or commodity, such as weather, disease, embargoes, or political and regulatory developments.

 

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  Commodity Futures: The COMB Fund expects to gain exposure to the commodity futures markets initially by investing in Commodity Futures through the Subsidiary. A Commodity Futures is a standardized contract traded on, or subject to the rules of, an exchange that calls for the future delivery of a specified quantity and type of underlying commodity at a specified time and place or, alternatively, may call for cash settlement.
     
  As the Commodity Futures approach expiration, they will be sold prior to their expiration date, and similar contracts that have a later expiration date may be purchased. Thus, for example, a Commodity Futures purchased and held in August may specify an October expiration date. As time passes, the Commodity Futures expiring in October may be replaced by a contract for delivery in November. Any difference between the price for the nearer delivery month contract and the price for distant month contract is known as a “roll yield,” and this can be either a positive amount or a negative amount.
     
    When establishing positions in Commodity Futures, the Adviser estimates as of the date of this prospectus that the COMB Fund will be required to deposit initial margin, or collateral, with a value of approximately 3% to 10% of the value of each Commodity Futures position at the time it is established. These margin requirements are subject to change from time to time by the relevant futures exchange or the clearing futures commission merchant. Margin requirements established by the clearing futures commission merchant may exceed minimum levels established by the futures exchange. On a daily basis, the COMB Fund is obligated to pay, or entitled to receive, variation margin, or collateral, in an amount equal to the change in the daily settlement level of its Commodity Futures positions. If the daily settlement level causes the value of the COMB Fund’s Commodity Futures positions to decrease, the COMB Fund will be required to post variation margin with the clearing futures commission merchant. Conversely, if the daily settlement level causes the value of the COMB Fund’s Commodity Futures positions to increase, the COMB Fund’s account with the clearing futures commission merchant will receive variation margin in an amount equal to the increase.
     
  Swap Agreements: Commodity-linked swap agreements (“Commodity Swaps” or “Swaps”) are derivative instruments whereby the cash flows agreed upon between counterparties are dependent upon the price of the underlying commodity or commodity index over the life of the swap. The COMB Fund may enter into some Commodity Swaps in the “over the counter” (“OTC”) market, that is, by negotiating directly with a third party called a “counterparty.” Other Commodity Swaps are cleared through a central counterparty and executed through a futures commission merchant. The COMB Fund will invest in cleared Commodity Swaps through the Subsidiary and OTC Swaps directly or through the Subsidiary. The COMB Fund may invest in Commodity Swaps as its assets grow.

 

Other commodity-linked instruments. The COMB Fund may invest in other instruments whose value goes up or down based on price movements of underlying physical commodities, such as commodity-linked notes, exchange-traded products providing exposure to commodities (including exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”) and other ETFs), and other investment companies. An ETN is an unsecured debt security that trades on an established exchange. Its underlying value is based on the value of an index, commodity, interest rate or other objectively determined reference. A commodity-linked note is an instrument that has characteristics of both a debt security and a commodity-linked derivative. It typically makes interest payments like a debt security, and at maturity, the principal payment is linked to the price movement of a commodity, commodity index, or commodity futures contract. Commodity-linked notes are typically issued by a bank, other financial institution or a commodity producer. Commodity-linked notes may be principal-protected, partially-protected, or offer no principal protection. A principal-protected commodity-linked note means that the issuer will pay, at a minimum, the par value of the note at maturity. With a partially-protected or no-principal-protection commodity-linked note, the COMB Fund may receive at maturity an amount less than the note’s par value if the commodity, index or other economic variable value to which the note is linked declines over the term of the note.

 

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Fixed Income Securities. The COMB Fund will invest in Fixed Income Securities. The Fixed Income Securities in which the COMB Fund may invest include U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, corporate bonds, debentures and notes, mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, event-linked bonds, bank certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper and other short-term fixed income securities with maturities of up to two years. The COMB Fund’s Fixed Income Securities earn interest income for the COMB Fund and can be used as collateral (also referred to as “margin”) for the COMB Fund’s investments in Commodity Futures.

 

The COMB Fund does not target a specific duration or maturity for the debt securities in which it invests. The average duration of the portfolio of Fixed Income Securities will vary based on interest rates. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income security that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. The longer a security’s duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates. Similarly, a fund with a longer average portfolio duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration.

 

The COMB Fund is “non-diversified,” meaning that a relatively high percentage of its assets may be invested in a limited number of issuers of securities.

 

GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF

 

The COMG Fund is an actively managed ETF that seeks long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to commodity futures markets. To pursue this goal, it invests in a combination of commodity-linked derivative instruments, which provides exposure to the investment returns of the commodities markets without investing directly in physical commodities, and fixed income securities.

 

The COMG Fund’s investment strategy is based in part of the S&P GSCI Index (the “GSCI Benchmark”). The GSCI Benchmark, which is published by S&P, is an index designed to be measure of commodity market performance over time.

 

While the COMG Fund generally will seek exposure to the commodity futures markets included in the GSCI Benchmark, the COMG Fund is not an index tracking ETF and will seek to improve its performance, in part through a cash management strategy consisting of investments in investment grade fixed income securities issued by various U.S. public-sector or corporate entities (“Fixed Income Securities”). The Adviser will use such instruments to generate a total return for investors and exercise its discretion in the use of such instruments to seek to optimize the investment performance of the COMG Fund. In addition, at times, the COMG Fund may actively select investments with differing maturities from the underlying components of the GSCI Benchmark, may not invest in all of the GSCI Benchmark’s components or in the same proportion as the GSCI Benchmark, may invest in commodity-linked derivative instruments and other commodity-linked investments outside the GSCI Benchmark, and may emphasize some commodity sectors more than others.

 

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The commodity futures contracts represented in the GSCI Benchmark are weighted based on global production values to reflect the relative significance (in the view of S&P) of the physical commodities underlying such commodity futures contracts to the world economy. The quantity of each of the commodities futures contracts included in the GSCI Benchmark is determined on the basis of a five-year average, referred to as the “world production average,” of the production quantity of the underlying commodity as published by the United Nations Statistical Yearbook, the Industrial Commodity Statistic Yearbook and other official sources.

 

Commodity futures contracts are selected by S&P for representation in the GSCI Benchmark, and the list is narrowed by application of S&P’s proprietary methodology. Currently, the GSCI Benchmark consists of 22 commodities futures contracts with respect to 24 commodities: crude oil (WTI and Brent), corn, live cattle, wheat (Chicago and Kansas), heating oil, gas oil, gold, copper, RBOB gasoline, soybeans, natural gas, aluminum, lean hogs, sugar, cotton, feeder cattle, coffee, zinc, lead, nickel, cocoa and silver. The GSCI Benchmark reflects the return from these commodity futures contracts.

 

The five-year moving average is updated annually for each commodity included in the GSCI Benchmark based on the most recent five-year period (ending approximately one and a half years prior to the date of calculation and moving backwards) for which complete data for all commodities is available. S&P reevaluates the composition of the GSCI Benchmark at the conclusion of each year, based on its index methodology. Other commodity futures contracts that satisfy the criteria set forth in the methodology, if any, are expected to be added to the GSCI Benchmark. Commodity futures contracts represented in the GSCI Benchmark that no longer satisfy the criteria set forth in the methodology, if any, are expected to be deleted.

 

S&P is expected to publish the nature of the changes through websites, new media or other outlets, with as much prior notice to market participants as is reasonably practicable.

 

The COMG Fund is called “No K1” because it is designed to operate differently than other commodity-based exchange traded funds that distribute to shareholders a “Schedule K-1.” Schedule K-1 is a tax document that contains information regarding a fund’s income and expenses. Because Schedule K-1 is a complex form, shareholders may find that preparing tax returns requires additional time or the assistance of a professional tax adviser, at additional expense to the shareholder. In contrast, the COMG Fund is designed to be taxed like a conventional mutual fund and therefore will deliver a “Form 1099” to investors, from which income, gains, and losses can be entered onto the investor’s tax return. To deliver 1099s consistent with applicable tax law, the COMG Fund invests in an underlying subsidiary, as discussed below.

 

The COMG Fund expects initially to gain exposure to the commodity futures markets by investing in Commodity Futures. The COMG Fund does not expect to invest directly in Commodity Futures. The COMG Fund expects to gain exposure to these investments by investing a portion of its assets in the GraniteShares GSCI Cayman Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the COMG Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary is advised by the Adviser, and the Adviser complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act relating to advisory contracts. Unlike the COMG Fund, the Subsidiary is not an investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The COMG Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary is intended to provide the COMG Fund with exposure to commodity futures markets in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. The Subsidiary has the same investment objective and will follow the same general investment policies and restrictions as the COMG Fund. The COMG Fund will invest up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. The COMG Fund complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing capital structure and leverage (Section 18) on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiary. Except as otherwise noted, references to the COMG Fund’s investment strategies and risks include the investment strategies and risks of the Subsidiary.

 

The COMG Fund’s principal investments are described below.

 

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Commodity-linked derivative instruments. Commodities are assets that have tangible properties, such as oil, metals, and agricultural products. A commodity-linked instrument is a financial instrument whose value is linked to the movement of a commodity, commodity index, or commodity futures contract. The value of commodity-linked instruments may be affected by overall market movements and other factors affecting the value of a particular industry or commodity, such as weather, disease, embargoes, or political and regulatory developments.

 

  Commodity Futures: The COMG Fund expects to gain exposure to the commodity futures markets initially by investing in Commodity Futures through the Subsidiary. A Commodity Futures contract is a standardized contract traded on, or subject to the rules of, an exchange that calls for the future delivery of a specified quantity and type of underlying commodity at a specified time and place or, alternatively, may call for cash settlement.

 

As the Commodity Futures approach expiration, they will be sold prior to their expiration date, and similar contracts that have a later expiration date may be purchased. Thus, for example, a Commodity Futures purchased and held in August may specify an October expiration date. As time passes, the Commodity Futures expiring in October may be replaced by a contract for delivery in November. Any difference between the price for the nearer delivery month contract and the price for distant month contract is known as a “roll yield,” and this can be either a positive amount or a negative amount. When establishing positions in Commodity Futures, the Adviser estimates as of the date of this prospectus that the COMG Fund will be required to deposit initial margin, or collateral, with a value of approximately 3% to 10% of the value of each Commodity Futures position at the time it is established. These margin requirements are subject to change from time to time by the relevant futures exchange or the clearing futures commission merchant. Margin requirements established by the clearing futures commission merchant may exceed minimum levels established by the futures exchange. On a daily basis, the COMG Fund is obligated to pay, or entitled to receive, variation margin, or collateral, in an amount equal to the change in the daily settlement level of its Commodity Futures positions. If the daily settlement level causes the value of the COMG Fund’s Commodity Futures positions to decrease, the COMG Fund will be required to post variation margin with the clearing futures commission merchant. Conversely, if the daily settlement level causes the value of the COMG Fund’s Commodity Futures positions to increase, the COMG Fund’s account with the clearing futures commission merchant will receive variation margin in an amount equal to the increase.

 

  Swap Agreements: Commodity-linked swap agreements (“Commodity Swaps” or “Swaps”) are derivative instruments whereby the cash flows agreed upon between counterparties are dependent upon the price of the underlying commodity or commodity index over the life of the swap. The COMG Fund may enter into some Commodity Swaps in the “over the counter” (“OTC”) market, that is, by negotiating directly with a third party called a “counterparty.” Other Commodity Swaps are cleared through a central counterparty and executed through a futures commission merchant. The COMG Fund will invest in cleared Commodity Swaps through the Subsidiary and OTC Swaps directly or through the Subsidiary. The COMG Fund may invest in Commodity Swaps as its assets grow.

 

Other commodity-linked instruments. The COMG Fund may invest in other instruments whose value goes up or down based on price movements of underlying physical commodities, such as commodity-linked notes, exchange-traded products providing exposure to commodities (including ETNs and other ETFs) and other investment companies. An ETN is an unsecured debt security that trades on an established exchange. Its underlying value is based on the value of an index, commodity, interest rate or other objectively determined reference. A commodity-linked note is an instrument that has characteristics of both a debt security and a commodity-linked derivative. It typically makes interest payments like a debt security, and at maturity, the principal payment is linked to the price movement of a commodity, commodity index, or commodity futures contract. Commodity-linked notes are typically issued by a bank, other financial institution or a commodity producer. Commodity-linked notes may be principal-protected, partially-protected, or offer no principal protection. A principal-protected commodity-linked note means that the issuer will pay, at a minimum, the par value of the note at maturity. With a partially-protected or no-principal-protection commodity-linked note, the COMG Fund may receive at maturity an amount less than the note’s par value if the commodity, index or other economic variable value to which the note is linked declines over the term of the note.

 

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Fixed Income Securities. The COMG Fund will invest in Fixed Income Securities. The Fixed Income Securities in which the COMG Fund may invest include U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, corporate bonds, debentures and notes, mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, event-linked bonds, bank certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper and other short-term fixed income securities with maturities of up to two years. The COMG Fund’s Fixed Income Securities earn interest income for the COMG Fund and can be used as collateral (also referred to as “margin”) for the COMG Fund’s investments in Commodity Futures.

 

The COMG Fund does not target a specific duration or maturity for the debt securities in which it invests. The average duration of the portfolio of Fixed Income Securities will vary based on interest rates. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income security that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. The longer a security’s duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates. Similarly, a fund with a longer average portfolio duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration.

 

The COMG Fund is “non-diversified,” meaning that a relatively high percentage of its assets may be invested in a limited number of issuers of securities.

 

The GraniteShares HIPS US High Income ETF

 

The HIPS Fund seeks to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the TFMS HIPS Index (the “HIPS Index”).

 

The Fund employs a “passive management”—or indexing—investment approach designed to track the performance of the Index. The rules-based Index measures the performance of up to 60 high income U.S.-listed securities that typically have “pass-through” structures that require them to distribute substantially all of their earnings to shareholders as cash distributions. This “high income, pass-through” strategy is known as HIPS.

 

The Index

 

The Index is constructed to capture up to 60 high income securities, typically with pass-through structures, across the following sectors: (i) closed-end funds (“CEFs”), (ii) real estate investment trusts (“REITS”), (iii) asset management and business development companies (“BDCs”), and (iv) energy production and energy transportation and processing companies. Energy-related companies included in the Index are expected to primarily be structured as master limited partnerships (“MLPs”). CEFs included in the Index are option income funds and taxable, debt-based funds and may include CEFs that invest primarily in bank loans, high-yield securities (also known as “junk bonds”), foreign securities (including those in emerging markets), and mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

 

The Index applies a quantitative screen to the securities in such sectors for minimum market capitalizations and minimum liquidity thresholds. The Index then selects up to 15 securities with the highest yield and lowest volatility over a prescribed time period for each sector with all securities equally weighted. Finally, the Index adjusts the weights of each sector to minimize the Index volatility and maximize the Index return, as measured over a prescribed time period, subject to a minimum sector weight of 15% and a maximum MLP sector weight of 25%. The Index may include small-, mid-, and large-capitalization companies meeting the screening criteria.

 

The Index is reconstituted annually and rebalanced only if the MLP sector weight exceeds 25% at the end of a quarter.

 

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The Fund’s Investment Strategy

 

The HIPS Fund attempts to invest all, or substantially all, of its assets in the securities that make up the HIPS Index. The HIPS Fund will generally use a “replication” strategy to achieve its investment objective, meaning it generally will invest in all of the component securities of the Index, but may, when the Adviser believes it is in the best interests of the HIPS Fund, use a “representative sampling” strategy, meaning it may invest in a sample of the securities in the HIPS Index whose risk, return and other characteristics are expected to closely resemble the risk, return and other characteristics of the HIPS Index as a whole.

 

The HIPS Fund generally may invest up to 20% of its total assets in securities not included in the HIPS Index, but which the HIPS Fund believes will help it track the HIPS Index. For example, the HIPS Fund may invest in securities that are not components of the HIPS Index to reflect various corporate actions and other changes to the HIPS Index (such as reconstitutions, additions and deletions). Under normal circumstances, as long as the HIPS Fund invests at least 80% of its assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending) in the component securities of the HIPS Index, it also may invest its other assets in cash and cash equivalents, as well as in shares of other investment companies, futures contracts, and swaps.

 

Principal Risks of Investing in the Funds

 

Loss of money is a risk of investing in the Funds. The principal risks of the Funds are discussed in the summary sections of this prospectus. The following section provides additional information on the risks that apply to each Fund, which may result in a loss of your investment. An investment in a Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency. Investors should carefully consider these risks before investing. None of the Funds should be relied upon as a complete investment program. There can be no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

The investment programs of the Funds are speculative, entail substantial risks and include alternative investment techniques not employed by traditional mutual funds. A Fund’s investment techniques (if they do not perform as designed) may increase the volatility of performance and the risk of investment loss, including the loss of the entire amount that is invested. Moreover, certain investment techniques which a Fund may employ in its investment program can substantially increase the adverse impact to which the Fund’s investments may be subject. There is no assurance that the investment processes of a Fund will be successful, or that the techniques utilized therein will be implemented successfully or that they are adequate for their intended uses.

 

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Authorized Participant Concentration Risk

 

For each Fund, only an authorized participant that has entered into an agreement with a Fund’s distributor (an “Authorized Participant”) may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with a Fund. A Fund may have a limited number of Authorized Participants.

 

Decisions by market makers or Authorized Participants to reduce their role or step away from these activities in time of market stress could inhibit the effectiveness of the arbitrage process in maintaining the relationship between the underlying value of a Fund’s portfolio securities and a Fund’s market price. This reduced effectiveness could result in Fund shares trading at discounts from net asset value and also in greater than normal intraday bid/ask spreads for a Fund’s shares.

 

Bank Debt Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may invest in CEFs that primarily invest in bank loans and participations. Risks associated with these obligations include, but are not limited to: inadequate perfection of the security interest granted under the loan documents; inadequate collateral; the possible invalidation or compromise of a loan transaction as a fraudulent conveyance or preference under relevant creditors’ rights laws; the validity and seniority of bank claims and guarantees; environmental liability that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations; adverse consequences resulting from participating in such instruments with other institutions with lower credit quality; long and less certain settlement periods; limitations on the ability of the CEF to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations and illiquidity in the market for the resale of such loans. Leading financial institutions often act as agent for a broader group of lenders, generally referred to as a syndicate. The syndicate’s agent arranges the loan, holds collateral and accepts payments of principal and interest. If the agent develops financial problems, the CEF may not recover its investment or recovery may be delayed. By investing in a loan, the CEF may become a member of the syndicate. If a loan is acquired through an assignment, the CEF may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral. If a loan is acquired through a participation, the CEF generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement against the borrower, and the CEF may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the CEF (and to the extent the Fund invests in such CEF, the Fund) will be exposed to the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation.

 

BDC Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may invest in BDCs. BDCs may carry risks similar to those of a private equity or venture capital fund. BDC company securities are not redeemable at the option of the shareholder and they may trade in the market at a discount to their NAV. A BDC is a form of investment company that is required to invest at least 70% of its total assets in securities (typically debt) of private companies, thinly traded U.S. public companies, or short-term high-quality debt securities. BDCs usually trade at a discount to their NAV because they invest in unlisted securities and have limited access to capital markets. The BDCs held by the HIPS Fund may leverage their portfolios through borrowings or the issuance of preferred stock. While leverage often serves to increase the yield of a BDC, this leverage also subjects a BDC to increased risks, including the likelihood of increased volatility and the possibility that a BDC’s common share income will fall if the dividend rate of the preferred shares or the interest rate on any borrowings rises. BDCs are subject to management and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund.

 

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Below Investment-Grade Instruments Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may invest and transact in CEFs that primarily invest in unrated or lower-rated fixed income securities and other instruments, sometimes referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds. Lower-rated securities may include securities that have the lowest rating or are in default. Investing in lower-rated or unrated securities involves special risks in addition to the risks associated with investments in higher-rated fixed income securities, including a high degree of credit risk. Lower-rated or unrated securities may be regarded as predominately speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers/issues of lower-rated or unrated securities may be more complex than for issuers/issues of higher quality debt securities. Lower-rated or unrated securities may be more susceptible to losses and real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher-grade securities. Securities that are in the lowest rating category are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, to have a current identifiable vulnerability to default, and to be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The secondary markets on which lower-rated or unrated securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher-grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading markets could adversely affect and cause large fluctuations in the value of such investments. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower-rated or unrated securities, especially in a thinly traded market. It is possible that a major economic recession could disrupt severely the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is possible that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default of such securities. Furthermore, with respect to certain residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, it is difficult to obtain current reliable information regarding delinquency rates, prepayment rates, servicing records, as well as updated cash flows. The use of credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating lower-rated or unrated securities can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of lower-rated securities. In addition, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was rated.

 

Cash Transaction Risk

 

For the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund, creation and redemption transactions are expected to generally settle through payments of cash and/or Fixed Income Securities, which will cause such Fund to incur certain costs, such as brokerage costs, that it would not incur if it made in-kind redemptions. Other ETFs generally are able to make in-kind redemptions and avoid realized gains in connection with transactions designed to meet redemption requests. Because the COMB Fund and COMG Fund may effect redemptions principally for cash, rather than in-kind distributions, such Fund may be required to sell financial instruments in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute the redemption proceeds. Such cash transactions may have to be carried out over several days if the securities market is relatively illiquid and may involve considerable brokerage fees. These brokerage fees, which will be higher than if a Fund redeemed its shares in kind, will be passed on to redeemers of Creation Units in the form of redemption transaction fees. In addition, these factors may result in wider spreads between the bid and the offered prices of a Fund’s shares than for more conventional ETFs (for example, those that track an index of corporate equity securities). In addition, an investment in COMB Fund or COMG Fund shares may be less tax efficient than investments in shares of conventional ETFs, and there may be a substantial difference in the after-tax rate of return between the COMB Fund, the COMG Fund and conventional ETFs.

 

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For the HIPS Fund, when the Fund’s investment strategy requires it to redeem shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds, it may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the HIPS Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind (i.e., distribute securities as payment of redemption proceeds). As a result, the HIPS Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used.

 

Clearing Broker Risk

 

The failure or bankruptcy of the COMB Fund’s or the COMG Fund’s clearing broker could result in a substantial loss of Fund assets. Under current Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) regulations, a clearing broker maintains customers’ assets in a bulk segregated account. If a clearing broker fails to do so, or is unable to satisfy a substantial deficit in a customer account, its other customers may be subject to risk of loss of their funds in the event of that clearing broker’s bankruptcy. In that event, the clearing broker’s customers, such as a Fund, are entitled to recover, even in respect of property specifically traceable to them, only a proportional share of all property available for distribution to all of that clearing broker’s customers.

 

Commodity and Commodity-Linked Derivative Risk

 

Commodities. The COMB Fund’s and the COMG Fund’s exposure to investments in physical commodities presents unique risks. Investing in physical commodities, including through commodity-linked derivative instruments such as commodity-linked swaps, commodity futures, and commodity index futures, as well as other commodity-linked investments, is speculative and can be extremely volatile. Market prices of commodities may fluctuate rapidly based on numerous factors, including: changes in supply and demand relationships (whether actual, perceived, anticipated, unanticipated or unrealized); weather; agriculture; trade; domestic and foreign political and economic events and policies; diseases; pestilence; technological developments; currency exchange rate fluctuations; and monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction. For example, the energy sector can be significantly affected by changes in the prices and supplies of oil and other energy fuels, energy conservation, investment speculation, the success of exploration projects, and tax and other government regulations, policies of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) and relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations. The metals sector can be affected by sharp price volatility over short periods caused by global economic, financial and political factors, resource availability, government regulation, economic cycles, changes in inflation or expectations about inflation in various countries, interest rates, currency fluctuations, metal sales by governments, central banks or international agencies, investment speculation and fluctuations in industrial and commercial supply and demand. The current or “spot” prices of physical commodities may also affect, in a volatile and inconsistent manner, the prices of futures contracts in respect of the relevant commodity. Certain commodities are used primarily in one industry, and fluctuations in levels of activity in (or the availability of alternative resources to) one industry may have a disproportionate effect on global demand for a particular commodity. Moreover, recent growth in industrial production and gross domestic product has made China and other developing nations oversized users of commodities and has increased the extent to which certain commodities prices are influenced by those markets.

 

Commodity-Linked Derivative Instruments. The use of derivative instruments by the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund involves risks that are different from, and in many cases greater than, the risk associated with investing in other financial instruments. The value of a commodity-linked derivative instrument generally is based upon the price movements of a physical commodity (such as energy, minerals, or agricultural products), a futures contract, swap or commodity index, or other economic variables linked to changes in the value of commodities or the commodities markets. The value of commodity-linked derivative instruments may be affected by changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, changes in storage costs, embargoes, tariffs, policies of commodity cartels and international economic, and political and regulatory developments. For these reasons, the commodities-linked derivative instruments in which a Fund invests tend to be more volatile than many other types of financial instruments and may subject a Fund to special risks that do not apply to all derivatives transactions. Also, a liquid secondary market may not exist for the types of commodity-linked derivative instruments a Fund buys, which may make it difficult for a Fund to sell them at an acceptable price. A Fund’s ability to gain exposure to commodity-linked investments and achieve its investment objective may be limited by its intention to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”).

 

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Even a small investment in derivative contracts can have a large impact on a Fund’s commodity exposure. Therefore, using derivatives can disproportionately increase losses and reduce opportunities for gains when market prices are changing. A Fund may not fully benefit from or may lose money on derivatives if changes in their value do not correspond accurately to changes in the value of the underlying reference asset. The other parties to certain derivative contracts present the same types of default and credit risk as issuers of fixed income securities. Derivatives can also make a Fund less liquid and harder to value, especially in declining markets. Use of derivatives may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders. Any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using derivatives may also have the effect of lowering a Fund’s return. In December 2015, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission proposed new regulations relating to a mutual fund’s use of derivatives and related instruments. If these or other regulations are adopted, they could significantly limit or impact a Fund’s ability to invest in derivatives and other instruments and adversely affect a Fund’s performance and ability to pursue its investment objectives.

 

Commodity Futures. The use of commodity futures contracts by the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund may present risks. Risks of commodity futures contracts include: (i) an imperfect correlation between the value of the futures contract and the underlying commodity or commodity index; (ii) possible lack of a liquid secondary market; (iii) the inability to close a futures contract when desired; (iv) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which may be unlimited; and (v) an obligation for a Fund to make daily cash payments to maintain its required collateral, or margin, particularly at times when a Fund may have insufficient cash or must sell securities to meet those margin requirements. Although the counterparty to an exchange-traded futures contract is often backed by a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) or clearing organization that is further backed by a group of financial institutions, there may be instances in which the FCM or the clearing organization could fail to perform its obligations, causing significant losses to a Fund. For example, a Fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with a clearing organization as well as any gains owned but not paid to a Fund, if the clearing organization becomes insolvent or otherwise fails to perform its obligations.

 

The following events, among others, would generally result in a decline in the price of the futures contracts or commodities underlying a Fund’s benchmark index, and therefore of the price of Fund shares:

 

  A significant increase in hedging activity by producers of the underlying commodities. Should producers of the commodities underlying a Fund’s benchmark index increase their hedging of their future production through forward sales or other short positions, this increased selling pressure could depress the price of one or more of the underlying commodities, which could adversely affect the price of Fund’s shares.
     
  A significant change in the attitude of speculators and investors toward the futures contracts or commodities underlying a Fund’s benchmark index. Should the speculative community take a negative view towards one or more of the underlying futures contracts or commodities, it could cause a decline in the price of the commodity futures contracts reflected in a Fund’s benchmark index, which may reduce the price of a Fund’s shares.

 

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  Significant reductions in the size of positions permitted to be owned by a Fund or others in derivatives with respect to a Fund’s benchmark index or in the futures contracts and/or commodities underlying the benchmark index, for example, as a result of more restrictive position limits or position limit exemptions or more expansive position aggregation requirements, could reduce liquidity and depress the price of a Fund’s benchmark index and/or the underlying futures contracts, adversely affecting the value of your Fund shares.

 

Conversely, several factors could trigger a temporary increase in the price of the futures contracts or commodities underlying a Fund’s benchmark index. In that case, you could buy Fund shares at prices affected by the temporarily high commodity prices, and you could subsequently incur losses when the causes for the temporary increase disappear. Moreover, because a Fund must pay certain ongoing fees and expenses, the value of the shares may decrease even in periods where commodity prices are otherwise stationary.

 

By definition, futures contracts project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation, and therefore market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the commodity future and the movement in the underlying commodity. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio holdings to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. There is a risk of loss by a Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in the futures contract. Certain futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a different price. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting a Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.

 

Commodity Swaps. The COMB Fund and COMG Fund may invest in swap agreements to seek to enable such Fund to gain exposure to commodities or such Fund’s benchmark index without investing in specific commodities futures contracts or other derivative instruments. Swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of swap agreements entails certain risks that may be different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the reference instrument that underlies the swap agreement. The use of swap agreements can lead to losses, including those magnified by leverage, particularly when derivatives are used to enhance return rather than mitigate risk.

 

Swaps can involve greater risks than a direct investment in an underlying asset, such as a commodity, because swaps typically include a certain amount of embedded leverage and, as such, are subject to leveraging risk. Swaps are subject to liquidity risk and counterparty risk and also may be difficult to value. A swap agreement can increase or decrease the volatility of a fund’s investments and its net asset value. The value of swaps, like many other derivatives, may move in unexpected ways and may result in losses for a Fund. Adverse changes in the value or level of an underlying commodity can result in gains or losses that are substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself. Certain swaps have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Under certain market conditions, a Fund may invest in a single swap, and a bankruptcy or other performance failure by the counterparty to the swap could cause a Fund to lose the assets held by the swap provider.

 

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Cleared Swaps. In a cleared swap, a Fund’s ultimate counterparty is a central clearinghouse rather than a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. Cleared swaps are submitted for clearing through each party’s FCM, which must be a member of the clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty. Transactions executed on a swap execution facility (“SEF”) may increase market transparency and liquidity but may require a Fund to incur increased expenses. When a Fund enters into a cleared swap, it must deliver to the central counterparty (via the FCM) an amount of collateral referred to as “initial margin.” Initial margin requirements are determined by the central counterparty, and are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of the cleared swap over a fixed period, but an FCM may require additional initial margin above the amount required by the central counterparty. During the term of the swap agreement, a “variation margin” amount of collateral may also be required to be paid by a Fund or may be received by a Fund in accordance with margin controls set for such accounts. If the value of a Fund’s cleared swap declines, the Fund will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. Conversely, if the market value of a Fund’s position increases, the FCM will post additional “variation margin” to the Fund’s account. At the conclusion of the term of the swap agreement, if a Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the margin amount. If a Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the excess margin is returned to the Fund. If a Fund has a gain, the full margin amount and the amount of the gain is paid to the Fund.

 

Although the counterparty to a cleared swap contract is often backed by an FCM or clearing organization that is further backed by a group of financial institution, there may be instances in which the FCM or the clearing organization could fail to perform its obligations, causing significant losses to a Fund. For example, a Fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with a clearing organization as well as any gains owned but not paid to the Fund, if the clearing organization becomes insolvent or otherwise fails to perform.

 

Commodity-Linked Note Risk

 

Commodity-linked notes have characteristics of both a debt security and a commodity-linked derivative. Typically, they are issued by a bank at a specified face value and pay a fixed or floating rate linked to the performance of an underlying asset, such as commodity indices, particular commodities or commodity futures contracts. As such, each of the COMB Fund and COMG Fund faces the economic risk of movements in commodity prices by investing in such notes. These notes also are subject to credit, market and interest rate risks that in general affect the values of debt securities. In addition, these notes may be leveraged, increasing the volatility of each note’s market value relative to changes in the underlying commodity, commodity futures contract or commodity index; as a result, at the maturity of the note, a Fund may receive more or less principal than it originally invested.

 

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Commodity Pool Risk

 

Under regulations promulgated by the CFTC, a Fund and the Subsidiary are considered commodity pools, and therefore are subject to regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act and CFTC rules. The Adviser is registered as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”), and it will manage the COMB Fund, the COMG Fund, and each of their respective Subsidiaries in accordance with applicable CFTC rules, as well as the rules that apply to registered investment companies. Registration as a CPO subjects the registrant to additional laws, regulations and enforcement policies, all of which may potentially increase compliance costs and may affect the operations and financial performance of a Fund. Additionally, a Subsidiary’s positions in futures contracts may have to be liquidated at disadvantageous times or prices to prevent a Fund from exceeding any applicable position limits established by the CFTC. Such actions may subject a Fund to substantial losses.

 

Credit Risk

 

There is a risk that issuers will not make payments on financial instruments held by a Fund, resulting in losses to the Fund. In addition, the credit quality of securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuer’s financial condition changes. Because the issuers of high-yield debt securities or junk bonds (debt securities rated below the fourth highest category) may be in uncertain financial health, the prices of their debt securities can be more vulnerable to bad economic news or even the expectation of bad news, than investment-grade debt securities. Lower credit quality may lead to greater volatility in the price of a security and in shares of the Fund. Lower credit quality also may affect liquidity and make it difficult for the Fund to sell the security. Default, or the market’s perception that an issuer is likely to default, could reduce the value and liquidity of securities held by the Fund, thereby reducing the value of your investment in Fund shares. In addition, default may cause the Fund to incur expenses in seeking recovery of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. Credit risk also exists whenever a Fund enters into a derivative contract, because the counterparty may not be able or may choose not to perform under the contract. When a Fund invests in over-the-counter derivative instruments, it is assuming a credit risk with regard to the party with which it trades and also bears the risk of settlement default. These risks may differ materially from risks associated with transactions effected on an exchange, which generally are backed by clearing organization guarantees, daily mark-to-market and settlement, segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries.

 

Transactions entered into directly between two counterparties generally do not benefit from such protections. Relying on a counterparty exposes the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. If a counterparty defaults on its payment obligations to the Fund, this default will cause the value of an investment in the Fund to decrease. In addition, to the extent the Fund deals with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more susceptible to the credit risks associated with those counterparties. The Fund is neither restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty nor from concentrating any or all of its transactions with one counterparty. The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or number of counterparties and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund.

 

Concentration Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may be susceptible to an increased risk of loss, including losses due to adverse events that affect the HIPS Fund’s investments more than the market as a whole, to the extent that the HIPS Fund’s investments are concentrated in the securities of a particular issuer or issuers, country, group of countries, region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class. The HIPS Fund may be more adversely affected by the underperformance of those securities, may experience increased price volatility and may be more susceptible to adverse economic, market, political or regulatory occurrences affecting those securities than a fund that does not concentrate its investments.

 

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Cyber Security Risk

 

Each of the Funds is subject to cyber security risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the internet to conduct business, a Fund, Authorized Participants, service providers and the relevant listing exchange are susceptible to operational, information security and related “cyber” risks both directly and through their service providers. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which a Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause a Fund’s investment in such portfolio companies to lose value. Unlike many other types of risks faced by a Fund, these risks typically are not covered by insurance. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber incidents include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber security failures by or breaches of the systems of a Fund’s adviser, distributor and other service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants, custodians, transfer agents and administrators), market makers, Authorized Participants or the issuers of securities in which a Fund invests, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in: financial losses, interference with a Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, disclosure of confidential trading information, impediments to trading, submission of erroneous trades or erroneous creation or redemption orders, the inability of a Fund or its service providers to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. In addition, cyber attacks may render records of Fund assets and transactions, shareholder ownership of Fund shares, and other data integral to the functioning of a Fund inaccessible or inaccurate or incomplete. Substantial costs may be incurred by a Fund in order to resolve or prevent cyber incidents in the future. While a Fund has established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified and that prevention and remediation efforts will not be successful. Furthermore, a Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by service providers to a Fund, issuers in which a Fund invests, the Index Provider, market makers or Authorized Participants. A Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

 

Equity Market Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may invest in common stocks. Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors including: expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic and banking crises. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt obligations of the issuer because common stockholders, or holders of equivalent interests, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from issuers in comparison with the rights of preferred stockholders, bondholders, and other creditors of such issuers.

 

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Exchange-Traded Note Risk

 

The COMB Fund and the COMG Fund may invest in ETNs. ETNs are a type of unsecured, unsubordinated debt security that have characteristics and risks similar to those of fixed income securities of an issuer and trade on a major exchange similar to shares of ETFs. This type of debt security differs, however, from other types of bonds and notes because ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index, minus applicable fees. The purpose of ETNs is to create a type of security that combines the aspects of both bonds and ETFs. An ETN’s returns generally are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark or strategy minus applicable fees. ETNs do not provide principal protection and may or may not make periodic coupon payments. ETNs are subject to credit risk, and the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying commodities markets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating and other economic, legal, political or geographic events that affect the commodities markets. If a Fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the secondary market is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount. If a Fund holds its investment in an ETN until maturity, the issuer will give the Fund a cash amount that would be equal to principal amount (subject to the day’s index factor). ETNs also are subject to credit risk, whereby a Fund could lose money if the issuer of a note is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it is due.

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk

 

The COMB Fund and the COMG Fund may invest in Fixed Income Securities. The HIPS Fund may invest in closed-end funds that invest primarily in debt securities. The market value of Fixed Income Securities and debt investments will change in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as changes in the effective maturities and credit ratings of fixed income investments. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of outstanding Fixed Income Securities and debt securities and related financial instruments generally rise. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the values of such securities and related financial instruments generally decline. Interest rates in the United States are at, or near, historic lows, which may increase a Fund’s exposure to risks associated with rising rates because interest rates are expected to start increasing in the foreseeable future, with unpredictable impacts on the markets and a Fund’s investments.

 

Fixed Income Securities and debt securities, such as bonds and certain asset-backed securities, involve certain risks, which include:

 

Asset Backed/Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. The market value and yield of asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities can vary due to market interest rate fluctuations and early prepayments of underlying instruments. Although these securities may offer yields higher than those available from other types of securities, these securities may be less effective than other types of securities as a means of “locking in” attractive long-term rates because of the prepayment feature. During periods of difficult or frozen credit markets, significant changes in interest rates, or deteriorating economic conditions, such securities may decline in value, face valuation difficulties, become more volatile and/or become illiquid. Mortgage-backed securities may be particularly susceptible to Prepayment Risk.

 

Credit Risk. An investment in a Fund also involves the risk that the issuer of a debt security that the Fund holds will fail to make timely payments of interest or principal, or go bankrupt, or that the value of the securities will decline because of a market perception that the issuer may not make payments on time, thus potentially reducing the Fund’s return. Changes in economic conditions are likely to cause issuers of these debt securities to be unable to meet their obligations. The lower the rating of a debt security, the higher its credit risk. In addition, the securities of many U.S. Government agencies, authorities or instrumentalities in which a Fund may invest are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Government, and may be supported only by the ability of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury or by the credit of the issuer. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of a Fund’s, or a CEF’s, investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on both the financial condition of the issuer and the terms of the obligation.

 

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Event Risk. Event risk is the risk that corporate issuers may undergo restructurings, such as mergers, leveraged buyouts, takeovers, or similar events financed by increased debt. As a result of the added debt, the credit quality and market value of a company’s bonds and/or other debt securities may decline significantly.

 

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these securities to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to future changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than the value of shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.

 

Interest Rate Risk. Generally, the value of Fixed Income Securities and debt securities will change inversely with changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise, the market value of Fixed Income Securities and debt securities tends to decrease. Conversely, as interest rates fall, the market value of Fixed Income Securities and debt securities tends to increase. This risk will be greater for long-term securities than for short-term securities. A Fund, or a CEF, may take steps to attempt to reduce the exposure of its portfolio to interest rate changes; however, there can be no guarantee that a Fund will take such actions or that a Fund will be successful in reducing the impact of interest rate changes on the portfolio. In recent periods, governmental financial regulators, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, have taken steps to maintain historically low interest rates. Changes in government intervention may have adverse effects on investments, volatility, and illiquidity in debt markets.

 

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and a Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments tends to increase (as does price fluctuation) as borrowers are motivated to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. During such periods, reinvestment of the prepayment proceeds by the management team will generally be at lower rates of return than the return on the assets that were prepaid. Prepayment reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of the security.

Variable and Floating Rate Instrument Risk. For the HIPS Fund, the absence of an active market for these securities could make it difficult for a CEF to dispose of them if the issuer defaults.

 

Foreign Securities Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may invest in foreign securities. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to different accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers. Investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. With respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of government intervention and expropriation or nationalization of assets. Because legal systems differ, there is also the possibility that it will be difficult to obtain or enforce legal judgments in certain countries. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when a Fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares. Conversely, shares of a Fund may trade on days when foreign exchanges are close. Each of these factors can make investments in the HIPS Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

 

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Emerging Markets Risk. Investments in securities and instruments traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets may also be subject to (i) greater market volatility, (ii) lower trading volume and liquidity, (iii) greater social, political and economic uncertainty, (iv) governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital, (v) lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards, (vi) fewer protections of property rights, (vii) restrictions on the transfer of securities or currency, and (viii) settlement and trading practices that differ from those in U.S. markets.

 

Gap Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund is subject to the risk that a commodity price will change from one level to another with no trading in between. Usually such movements occur when there are adverse news announcements, which can cause a commodity price to drop substantially from the previous day’s closing price.

 

Increased Competition Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund invest in commodities. The Adviser believes that there has been, over time, a general increase in interest in commodity investing. As the Adviser’s assets under management invested directly or indirectly in the commodities markets increases, an increasing number of traders may attempt to initiate or liquidate substantial positions at or about the same time as the Adviser, or otherwise alter historical trading patterns or affect the execution of trades, to the detriment of the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund.

 

Index Futures Risk

 

The COMB Fund and the COMG Fund may invest in commodity futures contracts reflecting the performance of such Fund’s benchmark index (“Index Futures”). The value of such Index Futures could be affected by factors that do not directly affect a Fund’s benchmark index, and accordingly, the value of the Index Futures and the level of a Fund’s benchmark index may vary from each other. The activities of market participants in trading Index Futures, or in trading other instruments related to a Fund’s benchmark index, could affect the value of the Index Futures independent of any change in a Fund’s benchmark index and adversely affect the correlation between the value of the Index Futures and the level of a Fund’s benchmark index.

 

The prices of the various Index Futures are expected to reflect supply and demand in the market for such Index Futures, which in turn may reflect market expectations at any given time about prospective changes in the level of a Fund’s benchmark index and other market conditions. In this way, trading in the market for an Index Futures position might cause a divergence between the price of such Index Futures position and the level of a Fund’s benchmark index. Similarly, actions by the applicable futures exchange with respect to Index Futures, such as the imposition of trading or price limits, could adversely affect this correlation. In these circumstances, it is possible that changes in a Fund’s net asset value will not adequately reflect changes in the level of a Fund’s benchmark index. In the event of market disruptions with respect to the Index Futures, such as a suspension of trading by the related futures exchange as a result of market activity, systems or communications failures or other causes, the value of the Index Futures and the level of a Fund’s benchmark index could diverge, which could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s shares.

 

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Although arbitrage activity by market participants is expected to have the effect of reducing or mitigating divergence between the value of the Index Futures and the level of a Fund’s benchmark index, such arbitrage activity may not fully offset any divergence at all times during which a Fund’s shares are outstanding. In the event that any such divergence between the value of the Index Futures and the level of a Fund’s benchmark index exists from time to time, changes in the net asset value of a Fund may not adequately reflect changes in the level of a Fund’s benchmark index, which could adversely affect the value of a Fund’s shares. The impact of certain of these considerations may be heightened in cases where a Fund’s positions are concentrated in a particular Index Futures position or in cases where a Fund represents a substantial portion of the open interest in a particular Index Futures position.

 

In addition, other actions taken by a futures exchange, including rule changes relating to clearing fees, margin requirements, or the minimum price fluctuations applicable to an Index Futures position, may result in economic, tax or other consequences to market participants that trade or hold Index Futures. Such actions may result in consequences that adversely affect Fund shareholders without necessarily affecting the correlation between the settlement price of the Index Futures and the level of a Fund’s benchmark index. Trading in futures transfers the risk of future price movements from one market participant to another. This means that for every gain, there is an equal and offsetting loss. Futures contracts themselves (including Index Futures) are not assets with intrinsic value, and simply reflect, in the case of cash-settled contracts, certain rights to payment or obligations to make payments to the other party to the contract, and in the case of physically-settled contracts, an agreement to make or take delivery of a particular asset at a specified price. Accordingly, market participants taking the opposite side of a Fund’s Index Futures trades may believe that the price of such Index Futures will move against a Fund, and a Fund may be at an informational or other disadvantage relative to such market participants.

 

In order for a Fund to achieve its investment objective on an ongoing basis, it is anticipated that existing positions in Index Futures will need to be closed out and new positions in Index Futures will need to be established from time to time. A Fund may further close out of existing positions and establish new positions in Index Futures from time to time, including new positions in earlier expiring Index Futures, which may allow it to reduce its concentration in any particular Index Futures position or to benefit from more liquid markets or otherwise beneficial market activity in Index Futures listed with different expirations or on different futures exchanges. This activity is expected to cause a Fund to incur transaction costs, such as brokerage fees and commissions, and may cause a Fund’s shares to under-perform a Fund’s benchmark index. In particular, the prices obtained in connection with rolling Index Futures positions may be adversely affected by market conditions (including the possibility of market disruptions) and by the trading activities of other market participants, which may reflect market awareness of a Fund’s position in its Index Futures. For example, if other market participants are able to anticipate the timing of a Fund’s transactions, they may be able to execute transactions in advance of a Fund, which would allow these market participants to benefit from the transactions executed by a Fund but adversely affect the prices obtained by a Fund. In addition, if a Fund’s Index Futures positions represent a significant part of the open long interest in such Index Futures, other market participants may take this into account, with a potential adverse impact on the prices at which a Fund is able to execute such transactions. There can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to effect its transactions in a manner that will allow it to avoid these risks. The applicable futures exchange may cease to list other Index Futures that a Fund will be able to roll its positions into, and any Index Futures listed by a futures exchange in the future may have terms that differ from those currently held by a Fund.

 

If a Fund liquidates positions in Index Futures in order to satisfy redemption requests or to pay expenses and liabilities, it does so by entering sell orders with its clearing futures commission merchant for execution on the applicable futures exchange. The resulting sales serve to offset a portion of a Fund’s long positions in Index Futures. However, in entering sell orders, a Fund is subject to the risk that temporary aberrations or distortions will occur in the market at the time these sales are effected and that the prices received by a Fund on its sales could be adversely affected, thereby adversely affecting the value of a Fund’s shares. Such aberrations or distortions could occur as a result of trading activities by other market participants or actions taken by the clearing futures commission merchant, a futures exchange, other self-regulatory organizations or regulatory authorities, including the liquidation of a Fund’s Index Futures to satisfy applicable margin requirements.

 

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If a Fund’s Index Futures are liquidated at inopportune times or in a manner that causes a temporary market distortion, this may adversely affect a Fund’s net asset value and the value of your shares.

 

Index-Related Risk

 

For each of the COMB Fund, the COMG Fund and the HIPS Fund, errors in index data, index computations and/or the construction of a Fund’s benchmark index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

 

Changes in the composition and valuation of a Fund’s benchmark index may adversely affect a Fund’s shares. The composition of a Fund’s benchmark index may change over time as additional instruments satisfy the eligibility criteria or instruments currently included in a Fund’s benchmark index fail to satisfy those criteria. In addition, the index provider may modify the method for determining the composition and weighting of the index and for calculating its value.

 

The Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by an index provider. The index provider makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Fund shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in a Fund particularly or the ability of a Fund’s benchmark index, including, without limitation, all sub-indices, to track the appropriate market performance. The index provider’s only relationship to a Fund or the Adviser is the licensing of certain trademarks, trade names of the index provider and a Fund’s benchmark index and other intellectual property. A Fund’s benchmark index is composed by the index provider and calculated by the index provider or its agents without regard to a Fund or the Adviser. The index provider has no obligation to take the needs of a Fund or the Adviser or a Fund’s shareholders into consideration in determining, composing or calculating a Fund’s benchmark index. The index provider is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the prices and the number of Fund shares or the timing of the issuance or sale of shares.

 

The index provider does not guarantee the accuracy or the completeness of a Fund’s benchmark index or any data included therein, and the index provider disclaims any and all liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions therein. The index provider makes no warranty, express or implied, as to the results to be obtained by a Fund, its shareholders or any other person or entity from use of a Fund’s benchmark index or any data included therein. The index provider makes no express or implied warranties, and expressly disclaims all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use with respect to the Fund’s benchmark index or any data included therein.

 

Investment Company Risk

 

The COMB Fund, the COMG Fund and the HIPS Fund may invest in other investment companies (including other ETFs). An investment in other investment companies (including other ETFs) is subject to the risks associated with those investment companies, which include, but are not limited to, the risk that such fund’s investment strategy may not produce the intended results; the risks of the types of instruments in which the fund invests; the risk that securities in such fund may underperform in comparison to the general securities markets or other asset classes; and the risk that the fund will be concentrated in a particular issuer, market, industry or sector, and therefore will be especially susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that issuer, market, industry or sector. Moreover, a Fund will incur duplicative expenses from such investments, bearing its share of that fund’s expenses while also paying its own advisory and administrative fees, which could cause a Fund’s operating expenses (taking into account indirect expenses such as the fees and expenses of the fund) to be higher and, in turn, performance to be lower than if it were to invest directly in the instruments underlying the fund. Additionally, there may not be an active trading market available for shares of some CEFs in which the HIPS Fund invests. Shares of such CEFs may also trade in the market at a premium or discount to their net asset value.

 

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Large-Sized Company Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may invest in the securities of large-sized companies. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in technology and consumer tastes. Many larger companies also may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. Investing more heavily in one market capitalization category (large, medium or small) carries the risk that due to market conditions that category may be out of favor with investors.

 

Leverage Risk

 

The COMB Fund and the COMG Fund may invest in certain derivatives. While each Fund does not seek leveraged returns, a Fund’s use of certain derivatives may create investment leverage. This means that the derivative position may provide a Fund with investment exposure greater than the value of a Fund’s investment in the derivative. As a result, these derivatives may magnify losses to a Fund, and even a small market movement may result in significant losses to a Fund.

 

Liquidity Risk

 

The COMB Fund, the COMG Fund and HIPS Fund may make investments that are illiquid or that may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse investor perceptions. Liquidity risk may be the result of, among other things, the reduced number and capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in fixed income securities. Illiquid investments may be more difficult to value and more difficult or costly to buy or to sell as compared to more actively traded investments. Liquidity risk is a factor in the trading volume of a particular investment, as well as the size and liquidity of the market for such an investment. This could have a negative effect on a Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective and may result in losses to Fund shareholders.

 

In addition, a lack of liquidity in the market for a Fund’s shares may lead to differences between the market price of a Fund’s shares and their underlying value.

 

A potential rise in interest rates may result in periods of volatility and reduced liquidity with respect to a Fund’s investments in fixed income securities. A reduction in dealer market-making capacity in fixed income markets that has occurred in recent years also has the potential to decrease liquidity.

 

Market Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund, the COMG Fund and the HIPS Fund is subject to market risks that can affect the value of its shares. These risks include political, regulatory, market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market.

 

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Turbulence in the financial markets and reduced liquidity may negatively affect issuers, which could have an adverse effect on a Fund. In addition, there is a risk that policy changes by the U.S. government, Federal Reserve, or other government actors, which could include increasing interest rates, could cause increased volatility in financial markets and lead to higher levels of Fund redemptions, which could have a negative impact on a Fund. A Fund’s net asset value could decline over short periods due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during market downturns.

 

Management Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund is an actively managed portfolio. In managing these Funds’ portfolio holdings, the Adviser applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund. There can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.

 

MLP Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may invest in the securities of MLPs. MLPs involve risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the MLP, risks related to potential conflicts of interest between the MLP and the MLP’s general partner, and cash flow risks. MLP common units and other equity securities can be affected by macroeconomic and other factors affecting the stock market in general, expectations of interest rates, investor sentiment towards MLPs or the energy sector, changes in a particular issuer’s financial condition or unfavorable or unanticipated poor performance of a particular issuer (in the case of MLPs, generally measured in terms of distributable cash flow). Prices of common units of individual MLPs and other equity securities also can be affected by fundamentals unique to the partnership or company, including earnings power and coverage ratios.

 

MLPs typically do not pay U.S. federal income tax at the partnership level. Instead, each partner is allocated a share of the partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses. A change in current tax law or in the underlying business mix of a given MLP could result in an MLP being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which would result in such MLP being required to pay U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income. The classification of an MLP as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes would have the effect of reducing the amount of cash available for distribution by the MLP. Thus, if any MLP owned by a Fund were treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the result could be a reduction of the value of your investment in the Fund and lower income, as compared to if the MLP were not taxed as a corporation.

 

Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may be subject to the risk posed by mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities (residential and commercial) and asset-backed securities represent interests in “pools” of mortgages or other assets, including consumer loans or receivables held in trust. Although asset-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) generally experience less prepayment risk than residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), each of RMBS, CMBS and asset-backed securities, like traditional fixed-income securities, are subject to credit, interest rate, prepayment and extension risks. See “Fixed Income Securities Risk” above.

 

Small movements in interest rates (both increases and decreases) may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain mortgage-backed securities. A Fund’s investments in asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar to those associated with mortgage-related securities, as well as additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those assets. These securities also are subject to the risk of default on the underlying mortgage or assets, particularly during periods of economic downturn. Certain CMBS are issued in several classes with different levels of yield and credit protection. The Fund’s investments in CMBS with several classes may be in the lower classes that have greater risks than the higher classes, including greater interest rate, credit and prepayment risks.

 

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Mortgage-backed securities may be either pass-through securities or collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”). Pass-through securities represent a right to receive principal and interest payments collected on a pool of mortgages, which are passed through to security holders. CMOs are created by dividing the principal and interest payments collected on a pool of mortgages into several revenue streams (tranches) with different priority rights to portions of the underlying mortgage payments. Certain CMO tranches may represent a right to receive interest only (“IOs”), principal only (“POs”), or an amount that remains after floating-rate tranches are paid (an inverse floater). These securities are frequently referred to as “mortgage derivatives” and would include agency derivative indices, such as Markit IOs, and may be extremely sensitive to changes in interest rates. Interest rates on inverse floaters, for example, vary inversely with a short-term floating rate (which may be reset periodically). Interest rates on inverse floaters will decrease when short-term rates increase, and will increase when short-term rates decrease. These securities have the effect of providing a degree of investment leverage. In response to changes in market interest rates or other market conditions, the value of an inverse floater may increase or decrease at a multiple of the increase or decrease in the value of the underlying securities. If the Fund invests in CMO tranches (including CMO tranches issued by government agencies) and interest rates move in a manner not anticipated by Fund management, it is possible that a Fund could lose all or substantially all of its investment.

 

The mortgage market in the United States recently has experienced difficulties that may adversely affect the performance and market value of certain of a Fund’s mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies and losses on mortgage loans (including sub-prime and second-lien mortgage loans) generally have increased recently and may continue to increase, and a decline in or flattening of real-estate values (as has recently been experienced and may continue to be experienced in many housing markets) may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses. Also, a number of mortgage loan originators have recently experienced serious financial difficulties or bankruptcy. Reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities and increased investor yield requirements have caused limited liquidity in the secondary market for mortgage-related securities, which can adversely affect the market value of mortgage-related securities. It is possible that such limited liquidity in such secondary markets could continue or worsen.

 

Asset-backed securities entail certain risks not presented by mortgage-backed securities, including the risk that in certain states it may be difficult to perfect the liens securing the collateral backing certain asset-backed securities. In addition, certain asset-backed securities are based on loans that are unsecured, which means that there is no collateral to seize if the underlying borrower defaults. Certain mortgage-backed securities in which a Fund may invest may also provide a degree of investment leverage, which could cause a Fund to lose all or substantially all of its investment.

 

Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. A Fund may invest in RMBS. Holders of RMBS bear various risks, including credit, market, interest rate, structural, and legal risks. RMBS represent interests in pools of residential mortgage loans secured by one to four family residential mortgage loans. RMBS are particularly susceptible to prepayment risks, as they generally do not contain prepayment penalties and a reduction in interest rates will increase the prepayments on the RMBS.

 

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The rate of defaults and losses on residential mortgage loans will be affected by a number of factors, including general economic conditions and those in the geographic area where the mortgaged property is located, the terms of the mortgage loan, the borrower’s equity in the mortgaged property, and the financial circumstances of the borrower. Certain mortgage loans may be of sub-prime credit quality (i.e., do not meet the customary credit standards of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). Delinquencies and liquidation proceedings are more likely with sub-prime mortgage loans than with mortgage loans that satisfy customary credit standards. If a portfolio of RMBS is backed by loans with disproportionately large aggregate principal amounts secured by properties in only a few states or regions in the United States, residential mortgage loans may be more susceptible to geographic risks relating to such areas. Violation of laws, public policies, and principles designed to protect consumers may limit the servicer’s ability to collect all or part of the principal or interest on a residential mortgage loan, entitle the borrower to a refund of amounts previously paid by it, or subject the servicer to damages and administrative enforcement. Any such violation could also result in cash flow delays and losses on the related issue of RMBS. It is not expected that RMBS will be guaranteed or insured by any U.S. governmental agency or instrumentality or by any other person. Distributions on RMBS will depend solely upon the amount and timing of payments and other collections on the related underlying mortgage loans.

 

Non-Investment-Grade RMBS Risk. A Fund may invest in RMBS that are non-investment grade, which means that major rating agencies rate them below the top four investment-grade rating categories (i.e., “AAA” through “BBB”). Non-investment grade RMBS tend to be less liquid, may have a higher risk of default, and may be more difficult to value than investment grade bonds. Recessions or poor economic or pricing conditions in the markets associated with RMBS may cause defaults or losses on loans underlying such securities. Non-investment grade securities are considered speculative, and their capacity to pay principal and interest in accordance with the terms of their issue is not certain, which may impair a Fund’s performance and reduce the return on its investments.

 

Non-Diversification Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund is non-diversified, meaning that it is permitted to invest a larger percentage of its assets in fewer issuers than diversified mutual funds. Thus, a Fund may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting any single issuer held in its portfolio, and may be more susceptible to greater losses because of these developments.

 

Operational Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund, the COMG Fund and the HIPS Fund is exposed to various operational risks, including human error, information technology failures and failure to comply with formal procedures intended to mitigate these risks, and is particularly dependent on electronic means of communicating, record-keeping and otherwise conducting business.

 

In addition, a Fund generally exculpates, and in some cases indemnifies, its service providers and agents with respect to losses arising from unforeseen circumstances and events, which may include the interruption, suspension or restriction of trading on or the closure of the exchange on which Fund shares trade, a futures exchange, power or other mechanical or technological failures or interruptions, computer viruses, communications disruptions, work stoppages, natural disasters, fire, war, terrorism, riots, rebellions or other circumstances beyond the control of a Fund or its service providers and agents. Accordingly, a Fund generally bears the risk of loss with respect to these unforeseen circumstances and events to the extent relating to a Fund, which may limit or prevent a Fund achieving its investment objective or otherwise expose it to loss.

 

Although it is generally expected that a Fund’s direct service providers and agents will have disaster recovery or similar programs or safeguards in place to mitigate the effect of such unforeseen circumstances and events, there can be no assurance that these safeguards are in place for all parties whose activities may affect the performance of a Fund, or that these safeguards, even if implemented, will be successful in preventing losses associated with such unforeseen circumstances and events. Nor can there be any assurance that the systems and applications on which a Fund relies will continue to operate as intended. In addition to potentially causing performance failures at or direct losses to, a Fund, any such unforeseen circumstances and events or operational failures may further distract the service providers, agents or personnel on which a Fund relies, reducing their ability to conduct the activities on which a Fund is dependent. These risks cannot be fully mitigated or prevented, and further efforts or expenditures to do so may not be cost effective, whether due to reduced benefits from implementing additional or redundant safeguards or due to increases in associated maintenance requirements and other expenses that may make it more costly for a Fund to operate in more typical circumstances.

 

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Passive Investment Risk

 

The HIPS Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, its index regardless of their investment merit. The HIPS Fund does not attempt to outperform its index or take defensive positions in declining markets. As a result, the HIPS Fund’s performance may be adversely affected by a general decline in the market segments relating to its index. The returns from the types of securities in which the HIPS Fund invests may underperform returns from the various general securities markets or different asset classes. This may cause the HIPS Fund to underperform other investment vehicles that invest in different asset classes. Different types of securities (for example, large-, mid- and small-capitalization stocks) tend to go through cycles of doing better–or worse–than the general securities markets. In the past, these periods have lasted for as long as several years.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund may engage in frequent trading of derivatives, particularly during periods of volatile market movements. Active and frequent trading may lead to the realization and distribution to shareholders of higher short-term capital gains, which would increase their tax liability. Frequent trading also increases transaction costs, which could detract from a Fund’s performance. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to a Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities, although such expenses are not reflected in the Fund’s Fees and Expenses table. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect a Fund’s performance.

 

Regulatory Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund, the COMG Fund and the HIPS Fund is subject to the risk that a change in U.S. law and related regulations will impact the way the Fund operates, increase the particular costs of the Fund’s operations and/or change the competitive landscape.

 

Each Fund and the Adviser are generally subject to extensive government regulation and intervention. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences. Moreover, government regulation may have unpredictable and unintended effects. Many of the changes required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act could materially impact the profitability of the Fund and the value of assets it holds, expose a Fund to additional costs, require changes to investment practices, and adversely affect a Fund’s ability to pay dividends.

 

For example, the Volcker Rule’s restrictions on proprietary trading may negatively impact fixed income market making capacity and could, therefore, result in reduced liquidity in fixed income markets. Additionally, pursuant to the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the CFTC proposed regulations in November 2013, referred to in this prospectus as the “Proposed Position Limits Rules,” that impose new federal position limits on futures and options on a subset of “reference contracts” consisting of contracts on energy, metal, and agricultural commodities and economically equivalent swaps. In September 2015, the CFTC re-proposed certain provisions of the Proposed Position Limits Rules affecting changes to position aggregation requirements. The Proposed Position Limits Rules would include as reference contracts a number of the futures contracts included in a Fund’s benchmark index, and as of the date of this prospectus, such contracts represent a substantial portion of the weight of a Fund’s benchmark index. Consequently, if the Proposed Position Limits Rules are adopted as proposed, the maximum positions that market participants can hold in the reference contracts that underlie a Fund’s benchmark index may be limited, which could reduce the liquidity of such reference contracts and adversely affect the performance of a Fund’s benchmark index and the value of your shares of a Fund.

 

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Additional legislative or regulatory actions may alter or impair a Fund’s ability to pursue its investment objectives or utilize certain investment strategies and techniques. While there continues to be uncertainty about the full impact of these and other regulatory changes, it is likely that a Fund will be subject to a more complex regulatory framework, and may incur additional costs to comply with new requirements as well as to monitor for compliance in the future.

 

REIT Investment Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may invest in REITs. Investments in REITs involve unique risks. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume, and may be more volatile than other securities. In addition, to the extent a Fund holds interests in REITs, it is expected that investors in a Fund will bear two layers of asset-based management fees and expenses (directly at the Fund level and indirectly at the REIT level). The risks of investing in REITs include certain risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate and the real estate industry in general. These include risks related to general, regional and local economic conditions; fluctuations in interest rates and property tax rates; shifts in zoning laws, environmental regulations and other governmental action such as the exercise of eminent domain; cash flow dependency; increased operating expenses; lack of availability of mortgage funds; losses due to natural disasters; overbuilding; losses due to casualty or condemnation; changes in property values and rental rates; and other factors.

 

In addition to these risks, residential/diversified REITs and commercial equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, REITs could possibly fail to qualify for the beneficial tax treatment available to REITs under the Code, or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The Fund expects that dividends received from a REIT and distributed to Fund shareholders generally will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting investments.

 

Roll Yield Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund expects to invest in futures contracts that, as they near expiration, need to be replaced with later dated contracts in a process known as “rolling.” As the exchange-traded futures contracts approach expiration, they will be sold prior to their expiration date, and similar contracts that have a later expiration date may be purchased. Thus, for example, a futures contract purchased and held in August may specify an October expiration. As time passes, the contract expiring in October may be replaced by a contract for delivery in November. Any difference between the price for the nearer delivery month contract and the price for distant month contract is known as a “roll yield,” and this can be either a positive amount or a negative amount. If the market for these contracts is (putting aside other considerations) in “backwardation,” which means that the prices are lower in the distant delivery months than in the nearer delivery months, the sale of the October contract would take place at a price that is higher than the price of the November contract, thereby creating a “roll yield.” While some of the contracts a Fund may hold have historically exhibited consistent periods of backwardation, backwardation may not exist at all times. Moreover, certain commodities, such as gold, have historically traded in “contango” markets. Contango markets are those in which the prices of contracts are higher in the distant delivery months than in the nearer delivery months. The absence of backwardation in a particular commodity market could result in negative “roll yields,” which could adversely affect the value of a Fund.

 

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Secondary Market Trading Risk

 

An investment in each of the COMB Fund, the COMG Fund and the HIPS Fund faces risks from its shares being traded in the secondary market, including the potential lack of an active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruption in the creation/redemption process of Fund shares. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to a Fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to net asset value.

 

Trading Issues. Although Fund shares are listed for trading on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE” or the “Exchange”), there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of a Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged or that the shares will trade with any volume, or at all.

 

In times of market stress, market makers or Authorized Participants may step away from their respective roles in making a market in Fund shares and in executing purchase or redemption orders. This could lead to variances between the market price of a Fund’s shares and their underlying value.

 

Fluctuation of Net Asset Value. The net asset value of Fund shares will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio holdings. The market prices of shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in a Fund’s net asset value and supply and demand of shares on the Exchange. The market price of Fund shares may deviate from the value of a Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, particularly in times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of Fund shares bought or sold. This may be reflected as a spread between the bid and ask prices for Fund shares quoted during a trading day or a premium or discount in the closing price of Fund shares from a Fund’s net asset value. It cannot be predicted whether Fund shares will trade below, at or above their net asset value.

 

Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Investors buying or selling Fund shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by each broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of shares.

 

Sector Risk

 

The HIPS Fund’s investing approach may dictate an emphasis on certain sectors, industries, or sub-sectors of the market at any given time. To the extent a Fund invests more heavily in one sector, industry, or sub-sector of the market, it thereby presents a more concentrated risk and its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors, industries, or sub-sectors. In addition, the value of a Fund’s shares may change at different rates compared to the value of shares of a fund with investments in a more diversified mix of sectors and industries. An individual sector, industry, or sub-sector of the market may have above-average performance during particular periods, but may also move up and down more than the broader market. The several industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events. A Fund’s performance could also be affected if the sectors, industries, or sub-sectors do not perform as expected. Alternatively, the lack of exposure to one or more sectors or industries may adversely affect performance.

 

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Energy Sector Risk. A Fund will invest significantly in securities, particularly MLPs, tied to the energy sector and energy infrastructure. Energy infrastructure companies are engaged in the (i) gathering, transporting, processing, treating, terminalling, storing, refining, distributing, mining or marketing of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined products or coal, (ii) the acquisition, exploitation and development of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids, (iii) processing, treating, and refining of natural gas liquids and crude oil, (iv) owning, managing and transporting alternative fuels such as ethanol, hydrogen and biodiesel. The energy sector is highly regulated. Companies operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of virtually every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies, including how facilities are constructed, maintained and operated, environmental and safety controls, and the prices they may change for the products and services they provide. Companies in the energy sector may be affected by fluctuations in the prices of energy commodities, including natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil and coal. Companies engaged in the exploration, development, management or production of energy commodities are at risk of the natural resources depleting over time, which may cause the market value of the company to decline over time. Companies operating in the energy sector may be adversely affected by reductions in the supply or demand for energy commodities. Companies in the energy sector may be subject to various operational risks, such as disruption of operations, inability to timely and effectively integrate newly acquired assets, unanticipated operation and maintenance expenses, underestimated cost projections, and other risks arising from specific business strategies. Rising interest rates which could adversely impact the financial performance of these companies by increasing their costs of capital, which may reduce a company’s ability to execute acquisitions or expansion products in a cost-effective manner. Extreme weather or other natural disasters could adversely impact the value of the debt and equity securities of the companies operating in the energy sector in which a Fund invests. Threats of attacks by terrorists on energy assets could impact the market for companies operating in the energy sector. If a significant accident or event occurs and a company is not fully insured, it could adversely affect a company’s operations and financial condition and the securities issued by the company.

 

Finance and Insurance Sector Risk. Companies in the financial sector of an economy are often subject to extensive governmental regulation and intervention, which may adversely affect the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge and the amount of capital they must maintain. Governmental regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financial sector, including effects not intended by such regulation. The impact of recent or future regulation in various countries on any individual financial company or on the sector as a whole cannot be predicted.

 

Certain risks may impact the value of investments in the financial sector more severely than those of investments outside this sector, including the risks associated with companies that operate with substantial financial leverage. Companies in the financial sector may also be adversely affected by increases in interest rates and loan losses, decreases in the availability of money or asset valuations, credit rating downgrades and adverse conditions in other related markets.

 

Insurance companies, in particular, may be subject to severe price competition and/or rate regulation, which may have an adverse impact on their profitability. Insurance companies are subject to extensive government regulation in some countries and can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, price and marketing competition, the imposition of premium rate caps, or other changes in government regulation or tax law. Different segments of the insurance industry can be significantly affected by mortality and morbidity rates, environmental clean-up costs and catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts.

 

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During the financial crisis that began in 2007, the deterioration of the credit markets impacted a broad range of mortgage, asset-backed, auction rate, sovereign debt and other markets, including U.S. and non-U.S. credit and interbank money markets, thereby affecting a wide range of financial institutions and markets. A number of large financial institutions failed during that time, merged with stronger institutions or had significant government infusions of capital. Instability in the financial markets caused certain financial companies to incur large losses. Some financial companies experienced declines in the valuations of their assets, took actions to raise capital (such as the issuance of debt or equity securities), or even ceased operations. Some financial companies borrowed significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government-imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. Those actions caused the securities of many financial companies to decline in value.

 

The financial sector is also a target for cyber attacks and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions. In recent years, cyber attacks and technology failures have become increasingly frequent and have caused significant losses.

 

Real Estate Sector Risk. Securities of issuers that are principally engaged in the real estate sector are subject to certain risks associated with the ownership of real estate and with the real estate industry in general. These risks include, among others: possible declines in the value of real estate; risks related to general and local economic conditions; possible lack of availability of mortgage funds or other limitations on access to capital; overbuilding; risks associated with leverage; market illiquidity; extended vacancies of properties; increase in competition, property taxes, capital expenditures and operating expenses; changes in zoning laws or other governmental regulation; costs resulting from the clean-up of, and liability to third parties for damages resulting from, environmental problems; tenant bankruptcies or other credit problems; casualty or condemnation losses; uninsured damages from floods, earthquakes or other natural disasters; limitations on and variations in rents, including decreases in market rates for rents; investment in developments that are not completed or that are subject to delays in completion; and changes in interest rates. To the extent that assets underlying the Fund’s investments are concentrated geographically, by property type, or in certain other respects, a Fund may be subject to certain of the foregoing risks to a greater extent.

 

Securities Lending Risk 

 

Securities lending involves a risk of loss because the borrower may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. If the Fund is not able to recover the securities loaned, it may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement security in the market. Lending securities entails a risk of loss to each Fund if and to the extent that the market value of the loaned securities increases and the collateral is not increase accordingly. Additionally, each Fund will bear any loss on the investment of cash collateral it receives. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. As securities on loan may not be voted by a Fund, there is also a risk that a Fund may not be able to recall the securities in sufficient time to vote on material proxy matters.

 

Small and Mid-Sized Company Risk

 

The HIPS Fund may invest in the securities of small and mid-sized companies. Small and mid-sized companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of larger-capitalization companies. The securities of small-and mid-sized capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than larger capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. Some smaller capitalization companies have limited product lines, markets, and financial and managerial resources and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets relative to larger capitalization companies. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies. Smaller-capitalization companies also may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, government regulation, borrowing costs and earnings.

 

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Subsidiary Investment Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund has a Subsidiary. The Subsidiary’s principal investment strategies, investment objective and principal risks are substantially the same as the Fund. By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. The commodity futures contracts held by the Subsidiary are similar to those that are permitted to be held by the Fund and thus are subject to the same risks whether or not they are held by the Fund or the Subsidiary.

 

There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Subsidiary will be achieved. The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act and unless otherwise noted in this prospectus, is not subject to the regulatory protections of the 1940 Act. The Board of Trustees of GraniteShares ETF Trust has oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including its investment in the Subsidiary, and the Fund’s role as sole shareholder of the Subsidiary. In adhering to the Fund’s investment restrictions and limitations, the Adviser will treat the assets of the Subsidiary generally in the same manner as assets that are held directly by the Fund.

 

Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the fund and the Subsidiary are organized, respectively, could result in the inability of the fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as intended and could adversely affect the fund and its shareholders. For example, the Cayman Islands currently does not impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If this were to change and the Subsidiary was required to pay Cayman Island taxes, the investment returns of the fund would likely decrease.

 

Tax Risk 

 

Each of the COMB Fund, the COMG Fund and the HIPS Fund is subject to tax risk. Each Fund intends to qualify for treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. RICs are generally subject to favorable tax treatment under the Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, a Fund must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. Under the diversification requirements, a Fund must generally limit its investments in MLPs to no more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets.

 

In order to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment accorded to a RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code, a Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from certain categories of income (“qualifying income”). The COMB Fund and the COMG Fund intend to hold certain commodity-related investments indirectly, through its Subsidiary. Each Fund expects its income with respect to the Subsidiary will be qualifying income. However, there is a risk that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) could issue regulations or other guidance holding, or could assert, that the Fund’s income with respect to the Subsidiary is not qualifying income for purposes of the Fund remaining qualified as a RIC. In such circumstances, the Fund may fail to qualify as a RIC or be required to make changes to its operations, which may affect the Fund’s ability to gain investment exposure to commodities. Fund shareholders may also experience adverse tax consequences in such circumstances. The Adviser will carefully monitor a Fund’s investments in the Subsidiary to ensure that no more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets are invested in the Subsidiary to ensure compliance with the Fund’s asset diversification test as described in more detail in the SAI for the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund.

 

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A Fund might generate more non-qualifying income than anticipated, might not be able to generate qualifying income in a particular taxable year at levels sufficient to meet the qualifying income test, or might not be able to determine the percentage of qualifying income it derives for a taxable year until after year-end. If a Fund were to fail to meet the qualifying income test or the asset diversification test and fail to qualify as a RIC, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by a Fund in computing its taxable income. The failure by the Fund to qualify as a RIC would have significant negative tax consequences to Fund shareholders and would affect a shareholder’s return on its investment in a Fund. Under certain circumstances, a Fund may be able to cure a failure to meet the qualifying income test or the asset diversification test if such failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, but in order to do so a Fund may incur significant fund-level taxes, which would effectively reduce (and could eliminate) the Fund’s returns.

 

Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to the HIPS Fund from investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce the HIPS Fund’s taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in the HIPS Fund’s income in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the HIPS Fund at the time the deductions were taken by the HIPS Fund, and even though those shareholders will not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. To distribute recapture income or to fund redemption requests, the HIPS Fund may need to liquidate investments.

 

MLPs taxed as partnerships have historically made cash distributions to limited partners that exceed the amount of taxable income allocable to limited partners or members, due to a variety of factors, including significant non-cash deductions such as depreciation and depletion. These excess cash distributions would not be treated as income to the HIPS Fund but rather would be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the HIPS Fund’s basis in the MLP. As a consequence, the HIPS Fund may make distributions that exceed its earnings and profits, which would be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable for federal income tax purposes, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in the HIPS Fund’s shares and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the shares are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits in respect of those shares will be treated as gain from the sale of the shares.

 

Tracking Error Risk

 

As with all index funds, the performance of the HIPS Fund and its index may vary somewhat for a variety of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by its index. In addition, the Fund may not be fully invested in the securities of its index at all times or may hold securities not included in its index. The use of sampling techniques may affect the Fund’s ability to achieve close correlation with its index. The Fund may use a representative sampling strategy to achieve its investment objective, if the Adviser believes it is in the best interest of the Fund, which generally can be expected to produce a greater non-correlation risk.

 

U.S. Government Securities Risk

 

The COMB Fund and the COMG Fund may invest in securities of the U.S. government. The U.S. government may not provide financial support to U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it is not obligated to do so by law. U.S. government securities issued by those agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises, including those issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and the Federal Home Loan Banks, are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and, therefore, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. government securities held by a Fund may greatly exceed their current resources, including any legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that issuers of U.S. government securities will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have been operating under conservatorship, with the Federal Housing Finance Administration (“FHFA”) acting as their conservator, since September 2008. These entities are dependent upon the continued support of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and FHFA in order to continue their business operations. These factors, among others, could affect the future status and role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the value of their securities and the securities, which they guarantee. Additionally, the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market values of their securities, which may fluctuate.

 

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Valuation Risk

 

Each of the COMB Fund, the COMG Fund and the HIPS Fund are subject to valuation risk. During periods of reduced market liquidity or readily available market quotations, a Fund’s ability to obtain reliable, objective pricing data and to value its holdings becomes more difficult. Consequently, while valuation determinations made by the Adviser (using fair value procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees of the GraniteShares ETF Trust) may be done in good faith, it may be difficult for a Fund to accurately assign a daily value to its holdings. When all or a portion of a Fund’s underlying investments trade in a market that is closed when the market for a Fund’s shares is open, there may be changes between the last quote from a closed foreign market and the value of the applicable investment during a Fund’s domestic trading day.

 

The trading prices of a Fund’s shares in the secondary market generally differ from a Fund’s daily net asset value and are affected by market forces such as supply and demand, economic conditions and other factors. Information regarding the intraday value of shares of a Fund, also known as the “Intraday Interim Value” (“IIV”), is disseminated every 15 seconds throughout the trading day by the national securities exchange on which a Fund’s shares are listed or by market data vendors or other information providers. The IIV is based on the current market value of the financial instruments and/or cash required to be deposited in exchange for a Creation Unit (as defined below). The IIV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of investments held by a Fund at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, the IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of a Fund’s net asset value, which is computed only once a day. The IIV is generally determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers that may trade in the portfolio investments held by a Fund. The quotations of certain Fund holdings may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the United States. A Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the IIV and makes no representation or warranty as to its accuracy.

 

Portfolio Holdings

 

Information about each Fund’s daily portfolio holdings is available at www.graniteshares.com. The Funds annual and semi-annual reports contain complete listings of each Fund’s portfolio holdings as of the end of the Funds second and fourth fiscal quarters. Each Fund prepares a report on Form N-PORT of its portfolio holdings as of the end of each month. The Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports are filed with the SEC within 60 days of the end of the reporting period and the Fund’s monthly portfolio holdings are filed with the SEC within 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter. You can find the SEC filings on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. A summarized description of each Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in each Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). Information on how to obtain the SAI is listed on the inside back cover of this prospectus.

 

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Fund Management

 

Adviser

 

GraniteShares Advisors LLC, the investment adviser to Funds, is a Delaware limited liability company located at 205 Hudson Street, 7th Floor, New York, New York 10013. The Adviser provides investment advisory services to exchange-traded funds. The Adviser serves as investment adviser to the Funds with overall responsibility for the portfolio management of the Funds, subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of the GraniteShares Trust (the “Trust”). For its services, the Adviser receives a fee that is equal to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF, 0.35% per annum of the average daily net assets of the GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF and 0.70% of the GraniteShares HIP US High Income Fund, in each case calculated daily and paid monthly.

 

Pursuant to the terms of the investment advisory agreement with respect to the Funds, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses of the Funds, subject to certain exceptions. For a detailed description of the investment advisory agreement with respect to the Funds, please see the “Investment Advisory and Other Services” section of the SAI.

 

The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GraniteShares, Inc., a Delaware corporation. The Adviser has been a registered investment adviser since 2017. As of September 30, 2019, the Adviser had $81,818,773.49 in total assets under management.

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund and its respective Subsidiary is available in the Trust’s annual report to shareholders for the period ending June 30, 2019.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Benoit Autier has been Chief Operating Officer & Head of Product at GraniteShares since 2017. Prior to joining GraniteShares, Mr. Autier started his career in 1999 at KPMG Audit in Paris before moving in 2003 to Ricol & Lasteyrie (member of the Ernst and Young Corporate Finance network). He joined ETF Securities in 2005, where he worked for over 10 years in London and New York. While at ETF Securities, Mr. Autier was Head of Product Management, overseeing the operation of more than 300 exchange-traded products. Between 2015 and 2016, Mr. Autier worked at the World Gold Council in New York, where he helped structure the SPDR® Long Dollar Gold Trust. Mr. Autier received a Master in Finance from the London Business School in 2005.

 

Jeff Klearman has been Portfolio Manager at GraniteShares since 2017. Mr. Klearman has over 20 years of experience working as a trader, structurer, marketer and researcher. Most recently, Mr. Klearman was the Chief Investment Officer for Rich Investment Services, a company which created, listed and managed ETFs. Prior to Rich Investment Services, Mr. Klearman headed the New York Commodities Structuring desk at Deutsche Bank AG. From 2004 to 2007, Mr. Klearman headed the marketing and structuring effort for rates-based structured products at BNP Paribas in New York. Mr. Klearman worked at AIG Financial Products from 1994 to 2004 trading rates-based volatility products as well as marketing and structuring. Mr. Klearman received his MBA in Finance from NYU Stern School of Business and his Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Purdue University.

 

The SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers’ compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of Fund shares.

 

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Buying and Selling Shares

 

The Funds issue and redeem shares at net asset value only in a large specified number of shares each called a “Creation Unit,” or multiples thereof. A Creation Unit consists of 50,000 shares. Fund shares are listed for secondary trading on the NYSE. When you buy or sell a Fund’s shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price. You may incur customary brokerage commissions and charges and may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. The shares will trade on the NYSE at prices that may differ to varying degrees from the daily net asset value (“NAV”) of the shares. The NYSE is generally open Monday through Friday and is closed weekends and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

 

NAV per share for each Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by its total number of shares outstanding. Expenses and fees, including management and distribution fees, if any, are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. NAV is determined each business day, normally as of the close of regular trading of the NYSE (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time).

 

When determining NAV, the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities or other instruments is based on market prices of the securities or other instruments, which generally means a valuation obtained from an exchange or other market (or based on a price quotation or other equivalent indication of the value supplied by an exchange or other market) or a valuation obtained from an independent pricing service. If a security or other instrument’s market price is not readily available or does not otherwise accurately reflect the fair value of the security or other instrument, the security or other instrument will be valued by another method that the Board believes will better reflect fair value in accordance with the Trust’s valuation policies and procedures. Fair value pricing may be used in a variety of circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations when the value of a security or other instrument in a Fund’s portfolio has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which the security or other instrument is principally traded but prior to the close of the NYSE (such as in the case of a corporate action or other news that may materially affect the price of a security) or trading in a security or other instrument has been suspended or halted. Accordingly, a Fund’s NAV may reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair values rather than their market prices.

 

Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that a fair value determination for a security or other instrument will materially differ from the value that could be realized upon the sale of the security or other instrument. In addition, fair value pricing could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used by the underlying benchmark index. This may result in a difference between the Fund’s performance and the performance of the underlying benchmark index.

 

Book Entry

 

Shares of the Funds are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding shares of the Funds.

 

Investors owning shares of a Fund are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all shares of the Funds. Participants include DTC, securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any securities that you hold in book-entry or “street name” form. Your broker will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales, and tax information.

 

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Frequent Redemptions and Purchases of Fund Shares

 

Unlike frequent trading of shares of a traditional open-end mutual fund’s (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares, frequent trading of shares of a Fund on the secondary market does not disrupt portfolio management, increase the Fund’s trading costs, lead to realization of capitalization gains, or otherwise harm the Fund’s shareholders because these trades do not involve the Fund directly. Certain institutional investors are authorized to purchase and redeem each Fund’s shares directly with the Fund. To the extent these trades are effected in-kind (i.e., for securities, and not for cash), they do not cause any of the harmful effects noted above that may result from frequent cash trades. Moreover, each Fund imposes transaction fees on in-kind purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting in-kind trades. These fees increase if an investor substitutes cash in part or in whole for Creation Units, reflecting the fact that the Fund’s trading costs increase in those circumstances. For these reasons, the Board has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter frequent trading and market-timing in shares of the Funds.

 

Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes

 

Fund Distributions

 

Each Fund intends to pay out dividends from net investment income, if any, at least annually. Each Fund also intends to distribute net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders at least annually. Dividends and other distributions may be declared and paid more frequently to comply with the distribution requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code, and to avoid a federal excise tax imposed on RICs.

 

The HIPS Fund seeks to make cash distributions of equal amounts once per month throughout a calendar year based on a rate determined at the beginning of the year. This rate may be adjusted at any time during a given year. Consequently, there can be no assurance or guarantee that the HIPS Fund will be able to make equal monthly distributions. The HIPS Fund monitors its distributions, the expected cash flow from its investments and other metrics in determining whether to adjust the distribution rate during the course of a year. Further, the distribution rate will vary from year to year. A portion of the distributions made by the HIPS Fund may be treated as return of capital for federal income tax purposes. One or more additional distributions may be made generally in December or after the HIPS Fund’s fiscal year-end to comply with applicable law.

 

Dividend Reinvestment Service

 

Brokers may make available to their customers who own a Fund’s shares the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and capital gains will automatically be reinvested in additional whole shares of the Fund. Without this service, investors would receive their distributions in cash. In order to achieve the maximum total return on their investments, investors are encouraged to use the dividend reinvestment service. To determine whether the dividend reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker. Brokers may require a Fund’s shareholders to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole shares of the applicable Fund purchased in the secondary market.

 

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Federal Income Tax Information

 

The following is a summary of some important tax issues that affect each Fund and its shareholders. The summary is based on current tax laws, which may be changed by legislative, judicial or administrative action. You should not consider this summary to be a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Fund, or the tax consequences of an investment in a Fund. The summary is very general, and does not address investors subject to special rules, such as investors who hold shares through an IRA, a 401(k) or other tax-advantaged account. More information about taxes is located in the SAI. You are urged to consult your tax adviser regarding specific questions as to federal, state and local income taxes.

 

Federal Income Tax Status of the Funds. Each Fund is treated as a separate entity for federal tax purposes, and intends to qualify for the special tax treatment afforded to RICs under subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. As long as a Fund qualifies as a RIC, it pays no federal income tax on the earnings it distributes to shareholders.

 

Federal Income Tax Status of Distributions:

 

  Each Fund will, for each year, distribute substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains.
     
  Distributions reported by a Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to noncorporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that a Fund received in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive that are attributable to dividends received by a Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations.
     
  A Fund’s strategies may limit its ability to distribute dividends eligible for qualified dividend income treatment for noncorporate shareholders and the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
     
  Any distributions of net capital gain (the excess of a Fund’s net long-term capital gains over its net short-term capital losses) that you receive from a Fund are taxable as long-term capital gains regardless of how long you have owned your shares. Long-term capital gains are currently taxed to noncorporate shareholders at reduced maximum rates.
     
  Taxable dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or in additional shares through a broker’s dividend reinvestment service. If you receive dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares through a broker’s dividend reinvestment service, you will be required to pay applicable federal, state or local taxes on the reinvested dividends but you will not receive a corresponding cash distribution with which to pay any applicable tax.

 

72
 

 

  A Fund may be able to pass through to you foreign tax credits for certain taxes paid by a Fund, provided the Fund meets certain requirements.
     
  Distributions paid in January but declared by the Fund in October, November or December of the previous year may be taxable to you in the previous year.
     
  A Fund will inform you of the amount of your ordinary income dividends, qualified dividend income, foreign tax credits and net capital gain distributions received from the Fund shortly after the close of each calendar year.

 

Taxes on Exchange-Listed Share Sales. Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of shares will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less, except that any capital loss on the sale of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gains to the shareholder with respect to such shares.

 

Medicare Tax. U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” including interest, dividends, and capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

 

Non-U.S. Investors. If you are not a citizen or permanent resident of the United States, a Fund’s ordinary income dividends will generally be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax, unless a lower treaty rate applies or unless such income is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. This 30% withholding tax generally will not apply to distributions of net capital gain.

 

Distributions, sale proceeds and certain capital gain dividends paid to a shareholder that is a “foreign financial institution” as defined in Section 1471 of the Internal Revenue Code and that does not meet the requirements imposed on foreign financial institutions by Section 1471 will generally be subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate. Distributions, sale proceeds and certain capital gain dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder that is not a foreign financial institution will generally be subject to such withholding tax if the shareholder fails to make certain required certifications. Recently issued proposed Treasury Regulations, however, generally eliminate such withholding on gross proceeds, which include certain capital gains distributions and sale proceeds from a sale or disposition of Fund shares. Taxpayers generally may rely on these proposed Treasury Regulations until final Treasury Regulations are issued. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

Backup Withholding. A Fund or your broker will be required in certain cases to withhold (as “backup withholding”) on amounts payable to any shareholder who (1) has provided either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all, (2) is subject to backup withholding by the Internal Revenue Service for failure to properly report payments of interest or dividends, (3) has failed to certify that such shareholder is not subject to backup withholding, or (4) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is currently 24%. Backup withholding will not, however, be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax applicable to shareholders who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States.

 

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Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units. An authorized purchaser having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging authorized purchaser’s aggregate basis in the securities delivered, plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An authorized purchaser who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging authorized purchaser’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service may assert, however, that an authorized purchaser who does not mark-to-market its holdings may not be permitted to currently deduct losses upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.

 

Any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less.

 

A Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. A Fund may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause a Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, a Fund may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.

 

The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal income tax law of an investment in a Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income Taxes” in the SAI.

 

Distribution of Fund Shares

 

Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) is a broker-dealer registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Funds on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Fund shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Funds or the securities that are purchased or sold by a Fund. The Distributor’s principal address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101.

 

The Board has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. In accordance with the Plan, each Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities and shareholder services. No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by a Fund, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of the applicable Fund’s assets, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.

 

Premium/Discount Information

 

Information on the daily NAV per share of each Fund can be found at www.graniteshares.com. Additionally, information regarding how often the shares of each Fund traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of the Fund is available at www.graniteshares.com. Any such information represents past performance and cannot be used to predict future results.

 

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Fund Service Providers

 

The Bank of New York Mellon is the administrator custodian and transfer agent for the Funds. The Bank of New York Mellon is located at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286.

 

Foreside Fund Services, LLC, located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101, is the distributor for the Funds.

 

Vedder Price P.C., 1401 I St. NW, Ste. 1100, Washington, DC 20005, serves a legal counsel to the Trust.

 

KPMG LLP, located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10154, serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. KPMG LLP has been appointed by the Funds’ trustees to audit the annual financial statements of the Funds.

 

Financial Highlights

 

Highlights are intended to help you understand the financial history for the past five years (or, if shorter, the period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The annual information has been audited by KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, whose reports, along with the Fund’s financial statements, are included in the annual report. Annual reports are available free upon request.

 

GraniteShares ETF Trust

 

Consolidated Financial Highlights

 

   Year Ended
June 30,
   For the Period May 19, 2017(a) to June 30,  
GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF  2019     2018  

2017

 
Operating Performance:                  
Net asset value, beginning of year/period  $ 26.09      $24.39  $25.00  
Net investment income(b)    0.48    0.32    0.01  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)(c)    (2.36 )    1.43    (0.62)
Total gain (loss) from investment operations    (1.88 )    1.75    (0.61)
Less distributions from:                  
Net investment income    (0.22 )    (0.05)    
Net asset value, end of year/period  $ 23.99     $26.09    $24.39  
Total Return(d)    (7.16 )%    7.19%   (2.46)%(e)
Ratios to Average Net Assets and Supplemental Data:                  
Net assets, end of year/period (in 000's)  $ 67,216     $30,052   $2,487
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets    1.99 %    1.21%   0.49%(f)
Ratio of operating expenses before waivers/reimbursements    0.26 %    0.52%   1.85%(f)
Ratio of net operating expenses net of waivers/reimbursements    0.25 %    0.27%   0.30%(f)
Portfolio turnover rate    %    %   %

 

 

 

(a) Commencement of operations.
(b) Per share data is calculated using the average daily shares outstanding method.
(c) Calculation of the net gain (loss) per share (both realized and unrealized) does not correlate to the aggregate realized and unrealized losses presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations due to the timing of sales and repurchases of Fund shares in relation to fluctuating market values of the investments of the Fund.
(d) Total return would have been lower if certain fees had not been reimbursed by the Advisor.
(e) Not annualized.
(f) Annualized.

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

GraniteShares ETF Trust

 

Consolidated Financial Highlights

 

   Year Ended June 30,   For the Period May 19, 2017(a) to 
June 30,
 
GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF  2019     2018  

2017

 
Operating Performance:                  
Net asset value, beginning of year/period  $ 30.49      $23.66   $25.00 
Net investment income(b)    0.45       0.28    0.01 
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)(c)    (4.80 )    6.59    (1.35)
Total gain (loss) from investment operations    (4.35 )    6.87    (1.34)
Less distributions from:                  
Net investment income    (4.32 )    (0.04)    
Net asset value, end of year/period  $ 21.82      $30.49    $23.66  
Total Return(d)    (12.51 )%    29.08%   (5.37)%(e)
Ratios to Average Net Assets and Supplemental Data:                  
Net assets, end of year/period (in 000's)  $ 6,591     $7,683   $2,413 
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets    1.81 %    1.03%   0.45%(f)
Ratio of operating expenses before waivers/reimbursements    0.40 %    0.88%   2.12%(f)
Ratio of net operating expenses net of waivers/reimbursements    0.35 %    0.37%   0.40%(f)
Portfolio turnover rate    %    %   %

 

 

(a) Commencement of operations.
(b) Per share data is calculated using the average daily shares outstanding method.
(c) Calculation of the net gain (loss) per share (both realized and unrealized) does not correlate to the aggregate realized and unrealized losses presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations due to the timing of sales and repurchases of Fund shares in relation to fluctuating market values of the investments of the Fund.
(d) Total return would have been lower if certain fees had not been reimbursed by the Advisor.
(e) Not annualized.
(f) Annualized.

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

GraniteShares ETF Trust

 

Consolidated Financial Highlights

 

 

Year Ended June 30,

  

Year Ended November 30,

   For the Period from January 6, 2015* to November 
GraniteShares HIPS US High Income ETF  2019     2018(a)   2017   2016   30, 2015 
Operating Performance:                            
Net asset value, beginning of year/period  $ 17.30     $7.49   $17.41   $16.54   $20.00 
Net investment income(b)    0.56      0.29    0.57    0.74    0.63 
Distributions of net realized gains from investments in other investment companies    (c)    (d)            
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)(d)    0.25      0.27    0.80    1.42    (3.01)
Total gain (loss) from investment operations    0.81      0.56    1.37    2.16    (2.38)
Less distributions from:                            
Net investment income    (0.32 )    (0.58)   (0.48)   (0.85)   (0.59)
Tax return of capital to shareholders    (0.97 )    (0.17)   (0.81)   (0.44)   (0.49)
Total distributions    (1.29 )    (0.75)   (1.29)   (1.29)   (1.08)
Net asset value, end of year/period  $ 16.82     $17.30   $7.49   $17.41   $16.54 
Total Return(e)    4.95 %    3.38%(f)   7.87%   14.02%   (12.39)%(f)
Ratios to Average Net Assets and Supplemental Data:                            
Net assets, end of year/period (in 000’s)  $ 7,569     $7,786   $10,494   $6,966   $4,962 
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets    3.33 %    2.92%(g)   3.18%   4.49%   3.72%(g)
Ratio of investment income (loss) excluding tax expense to average net assets    3.33 %    2.92%(g)   3.18%   4.50%   3.72%(g)
Ratio of operating expenses before waivers/reimbursements    0.73 %    0.98%(g)   0.75%   0.76%   0.75%(g)
Ratio of net operating expenses net of waivers/reimbursements    0.70 %    0.70%(g)   0.75%   0.75%   0.75%(g)
Portfolio turnover rate    112 %    33%(f)   88%   54%   23%(f)

 

 

 

* Commencement of operations.
(a) For the period December 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018.  
(b) Per share data is calculated using the average daily shares outstanding method.
(c) Calculation of the net gain (loss) per share (both realized and unrealized) does not correlate to the aggregate realized and unrealized losses presented in the  Statement of Operations due to the timing of sales and repurchases of Fund shares in relation to fluctuating market values of the investments of the Fund.
(d) Amount represents less than $0.005 per share.
(e) Total return would have been lower if certain fees had not been reimbursed by the Advisor.
(f) Not annualized.
(g) Annualized.
(h) Excludes the impact of in-kind transactions.

 

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Annual/Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders

 

Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Trust’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. In the Trust’s annual reports, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each Fund’s performance during its most recent fiscal year.

 

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

 

The SAI provides more detailed information about each Fund. The SAI is incorporated by reference into, and is thus legally a part of, this prospectus.

 

For More Information

 

To request a free copy of the latest annual or semi-annual report of a Fund, the SAI or to request additional information about the Funds or to make other inquiries, please contact us as follows:

 

  Call: 844-GRN-TSHR (844-476-8747)

Monday through Friday
9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

 

  Write: GraniteShares ETF Trust

c/o Foreside Fund Services, LLC
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100
Portland, ME 04101

 

  Visit: www.graniteshares.com

 

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission

 

Reports and other information about the Funds are available in the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

 

The Trust’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-23214

 

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Statement of Additional Information

 

GRANITESHARES FUNDS   NYSE ARCA, INC. TICKER SYMBOL
GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF   COMB
GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF   COMG

 

Each a series of GraniteShares ETF Trust (the “Trust”)

October 28, 2019

Investment Adviser:

GraniteShares Advisors LLC

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. With respect to the Trust’s series listed above, the SAI should be read in conjunction with the prospectus, dated October 28, 2019, as revised from time to time (the “Prospectus”). Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The audited financial statements and related report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the Trust’s Annual Report, are hereby incorporated herein by reference. The financial statements of each Fund’s Subsidiary are consolidated with the relevant Fund’s financial statements in the Trust’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The audited financial statements in the Trust’s Annual Report have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. No other portions of the Trust’s Annual Report are incorporated by reference in to this SAI. A copy of the Prospectus and the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports (when available) may be obtained without charge, by writing the Funds’ distributor, Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”), by visiting the Trust’s website at www.graniteshares.com, or by calling 844-GRN-TSHR (844-476-8747).

 

 
 

 

General Information about the Trust 1
Investment Strategies 1
Continuous Offering 5
Portfolio Holdings 6
Additional Information about Investment Objectives, Policies and Related Risks 7
Special Considerations and Risks 20
Exchange Listing and Trading 22
Management of the Trust 23
Ownership of Shares 29
Compensation of the Trustees 29
Codes of Ethics 29
Proxy Voting Policies 30
Investment Advisory and Other Services 31
The Portfolio Managers 32
The Distributor 34
The Administrator 35
The Custodian 35
The Transfer Agent 36
Legal Counsel 36
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 36
Description of Shares 36
Brokerage Transactions 37
Portfolio Turnover Rate 38
Book Entry Only System 38
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 39
Purchase and Issuance of Shares in Creation Units 40
Determination of Net Asset Value 47
Dividends and Distributions 48
Federal Income Taxes 48
Financial Statements 55

 

 
 

 

General Information about the Trust

 

The Trust is an open-end management investment company currently consisting of multiple investment series, of which the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF and the GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF (each, a “Fund,” and collectively, the “Funds”) are series. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on November 7, 2016. The Trust is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the offering of each Fund’s shares (“Shares”) is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). GraniteShares Advisors LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Funds. Each Fund is a non-diversified series of a management investment company under the 1940 Act. The investment objective of the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF (the “COMB Fund”) is to provide long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to commodity futures markets. The investment objective of the GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF (the “COMG Fund”) is to provide long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to commodity futures markets.

 

Each Fund offers and issues Shares at their net asset value (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares (each, a “Creation Unit”). Only “Authorized Participants” may purchase or redeem Shares directly from the Fund. An Authorized Participant is either (i) a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the National Securities Clearing Corporation or (ii) a Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participant and, in each case, must have executed a Participant Agreement (as defined below) with the Distributor. Most retail investors will not qualify as Authorized Participants or have the resources to buy and sell whole Creation Units. Therefore, they will be unable to purchase or redeem the Shares directly from a Fund. Rather, most retail investors will purchase Shares in the secondary market with the assistance of a broker and will be subject to customary brokerage commissions or fees. Each Fund generally offers and issues Shares in exchange for a basket of financial instruments (“Deposit Securities”) together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (“Cash Component”). The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. The Shares are listed on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (“the “Exchange”) and trade on the Exchange at market prices. These prices may differ from the Shares’ NAV. The Shares are also redeemable only in Creation Unit aggregations, and generally in exchange for portfolio securities and a specified cash payment. A Creation Unit of each Fund consists of at least 50,000 Shares (“Creation Unit Aggregations”).

 

Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Trust an amount in cash at least equal to a specified percentage of the market value of the missing Deposit Securities as set forth in the Participant Agreement (as defined below). The Trust may impose a transaction fee for each creation or redemption (“Creation or Redemption Transaction Fee”). In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.

 

Investment Strategies

 

Unlike conventional exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), the COMB Fund and the COMG Fund are “actively managed” and seek to provide long-term capital appreciation, primarily through exposure to commodity futures markets. Commodities are assets that have tangible properties, such as oil, agricultural produce or raw metals. The COMB Fund’s investment strategy is based in part on the Bloomberg Commodity Index (the “COMB Benchmark”), and the COMG Fund’s investment strategy is based in part on the S&P GSCI Index (the “COMG Benchmark”). Each of the COMB Benchmark and the COMG Benchmark is referred to herein as a “Benchmark.”

 

 1 

 

 

Each Fund invests, either directly or through a wholly-owned subsidiary (the “Subsidiary”), in commodity-linked derivative instruments, such as futures contracts and swap agreements, and other commodity-linked instruments, such as commodity-linked notes, exchange-traded products providing exposure to commodities (including exchange-traded notes and other ETFs), and other investment companies. While each Fund generally will seek exposure to the commodity markets included in the applicable Benchmark, the Funds are not index tracking ETFs and will seek to exceed the performance of the applicable Benchmark, in part through a cash management strategy consisting of investments in investment grade fixed income securities issued by various U.S. public-sector or corporate entities (“Fixed Income Securities”). In addition, at times, a Fund may actively select investments with differing maturities from the underlying Components of the applicable Benchmark, may not invest in all of the applicable Benchmark’s components or in the same proportion as the applicable Benchmark, may invest in commodity-linked derivative instruments and other commodity-linked instruments outside the applicable Benchmark, and may emphasize some commodity sectors more than others.

 

Each Fund’s investment in the applicable Subsidiary is expected to provide the Fund with exposure to commodity-linked derivatives in accordance with the limits of the federal income tax laws, which limit the ability of investment companies like the Funds to invest directly in such investments. Each Fund’s investment in the applicable Subsidiary may not exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at each quarter-end of the Fund’s fiscal year. Each Subsidiary operates under Cayman Islands law. It is wholly-owned and controlled by the applicable Fund and advised by the Adviser. Each Subsidiary has the same investment objective as the applicable Fund and will follow the same general investment policies and restrictions.

 

Currently, the COMB Benchmark consists of 23 commodities futures contracts with respect to 21 commodities: aluminum, coffee, copper, corn, cotton, crude oil (WTI and Brent), gold, ULS Diesel, lean hogs, live cattle, low sulfur gasoil, natural gas, nickel, silver, soybean meal, soybean oil, soybeans, sugar, unleaded gas, wheat (Chicago and KC HRW), and zinc.

 

Currently, the COMG Benchmark consists of 24 commodities futures contracts with respect to 22 commodities: crude oil (WTI and Brent), corn, live cattle, wheat (Chicago and Kansas), heating oil, gasoil, gold, copper, RBOB gasoline, soybeans, natural gas, aluminum, lean hogs, sugar, cotton, feeder cattle, coffee, zinc, lead, nickel, cocoa and silver.

 

COMB Benchmark Disclaimer

 

“Bloomberg®” and “Bloomberg Commodity IndexSM” are service marks of Bloomberg Finance L.P. and its affiliates (collectively, “Bloomberg”) and have been licensed for use for certain purposes by GraniteShares Inc.

 

The GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Bloomberg, UBS AG, UBS Securities LLC (“UBS Securities”) or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates. None of Bloomberg, UBS AG, UBS Securities or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of or counterparties to the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities or commodities generally or in the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF particularly. The only relationship of Bloomberg, UBS AG, UBS Securities or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates to GraniteShares Inc. is the licensing of certain trademarks, trade names and service marks and of the Bloomberg Commodity IndexSM, which is determined, composed and calculated by Bloomberg in conjunction with UBS Securities without regard to GraniteShares Inc. or the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF. Bloomberg and UBS Securities have no obligation to take the needs of GraniteShares Inc. or the owners of the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF into consideration in determining, composing or calculating Bloomberg Commodity IndexSM. None of Bloomberg, UBS AG, UBS Securities or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates is responsible for or has participated in the determination of the timing of, prices at, or quantities of the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF to be issued or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF Shares are to be converted into cash.

 

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None of Bloomberg, UBS AG, UBS Securities or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates shall have any obligation or liability, including, without limitation, to GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF customers, in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF. Notwithstanding the foregoing, UBS AG, UBS Securities and their respective subsidiaries and affiliates may independently issue and/or sponsor financial products unrelated to the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF, but which may be similar to and competitive with the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF. In addition, UBS AG, UBS Securities and their subsidiaries and affiliates actively trade commodities, commodity indices and commodity futures (including the Bloomberg Commodity IndexSM and Bloomberg Commodity Index Total ReturnSM), as well as swaps, options and derivatives which are linked to the performance of such commodities, commodity indices and commodity futures. It is possible that this trading activity will affect the value of the Bloomberg Commodity IndexSM and GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF.

 

The Prospectus of the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF relates only to GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF and does not relate to the exchange-traded physical commodities underlying any of the Bloomberg Commodity IndexSM components. Purchasers of the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF should not conclude that the inclusion of a futures contract in the Bloomberg Commodity IndexSM is any form of investment recommendation of the futures contract or the underlying exchange-traded physical commodity by Bloomberg, UBS AG, UBS Securities or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates. The information in the Prospectus regarding the Bloomberg Commodity IndexSM components has been derived solely from publicly available documents. None of Bloomberg, UBS AG, UBS Securities or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates has made any due diligence inquiries with respect to the Bloomberg Commodity IndexSM components in connection with the GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF. None of Bloomberg, UBS AG, UBS Securities or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates makes any representation that these publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding the Bloomberg Commodity IndexSM components, including without limitation a description of factors that affect the prices of such components, are accurate or complete.

 

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NONE OF BLOOMBERG, UBS AG, UBS SECURITIES OR ANY OF THEIR SUBSIDIARIES OR AFFILIATES GUARANTEES THE ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE BLOOMBERG COMMODITY INDEXSM OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO AND NONE OF BLOOMBERG, UBS AG, UBS SECURITIES OR ANY OF THEIR SUBSIDIARIES OR AFFILIATES SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS OR INTERRUPTIONS THEREIN. NONE OF BLOOMBERG, UBS AG, UBS SECURITIES OR ANY OF THEIR SUBSIDIARIES OR AFFILIATES MAKES ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY GRANITESHARES INC., OWNERS OF THE GRANITESHARES BLOOMBERG COMMODITY BROAD STRATEGY NO K-1 ETF OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE BLOOMBERG COMMODITY INDEXSM OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. NONE OF BLOOMBERG, UBS AG, UBS SECURITIES OR ANY OF THEIR SUBSIDIARIES OR AFFILIATES MAKES ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE BLOOMBERG COMMODITY INDEXSM OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW, BLOOMBERG, ITS LICENSORS (INCLUDING UBS), AND ITS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE EMPLOYEES, CONTRACTORS, AGENTS, SUPPLIERS AND VENDORS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY WHATSOEVER FOR ANY INJURY OR DAMAGES— WHETHER DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR OTHERWISE—ARISING IN CONNECTION WITH THE GRANITESHARES BLOOMBERG COMMODITY BROAD STRATEGY NO K-1 ETF OR THE BLOOMBERG COMMODITY INDEXSM OR ANY DATA OR VALUES RELATING THERETO—WHETHER ARISING FROM THEIR NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS AMONG BLOOMBERG, UBS SECURITIES AND GRANITESHARES INC., OTHER THAN UBS AG.

 

COMG Benchmark Disclaimer

 

The “S&P GSCI Index” is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global, or its affiliates (“SPDJI”) and The Goldman Sachs Group Inc., and has been licensed for use by GraniteShares Inc. Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a division of S&P Global (“S&P”); Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”); GSCI is a registered trademark of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and these trademarks have been licensed for use by SPDJI and sublicensed for certain purposes by GraniteShares Inc. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by SPDJI, Dow Jones, S&P, any of their respective affiliates (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”) or The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Neither S&P Dow Jones Indices nor The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. make any representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF particularly or the ability of the S&P GSCI Index to track general market performance. Past performance of an index is not an indication or guarantee of future results. S&P Dow Jones Indices’ and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.’s only relationship to GraniteShares Inc. with respect to the S&P GSCI Index is the licensing of the S&P GSCI Index and certain trademarks, service marks and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its licensors. The S&P GSCI Index is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices or The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. without regard to GraniteShares Inc. or the GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF. S&P Dow Jones Indices and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. have no obligation to take the needs of GraniteShares Inc. or the owners of GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the S&P GSCI Inc. Neither S&P Dow Jones Indices nor The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. are responsible for and have not participated in the determination of the prices, and amount of the GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF or the timing of the issuance or sale of the GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF shares are to be converted into cash, surrendered or redeemed, as the case may be. S&P Dow Jones Indices and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. have no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF. There is no assurance that investment products based on the S&P GSCI Index will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment or tax advisor. A tax advisor should be consulted to evaluate the impact of any tax-exempt securities on portfolios and the tax consequences of making any particular investment decision. Inclusion of a security within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security, nor is it considered to be investment advice.

 

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NEITHER S&P DOW JONES INDICES NOR THIRD PARTY LICENSOR GUARANTEES THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE S&P GSCI OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY GRANITESHARES INC., OWNERS OF THE GRANITESHARES S&P GSCI COMMODITY BROAD STRATEGY NO K-1 ETF, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE S&P GSCI OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES OR THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.

 

Continuous Offering

 

The method by which Creation Unit Aggregations of Shares are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Unit Aggregations of Shares are issued and sold by each Fund on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the Securities Act.

 

For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Unit Aggregations after placing an order, breaks them down into constituent Shares, and sells such Shares directly to customers, or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter. Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers, who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in Shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of Shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to Shares of a Fund are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the Securities Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with respect to transactions on an exchange.

 

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Portfolio Holdings

 

Policy on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

 

The Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has adopted a policy on disclosure of portfolio holdings, which it believes is in the best interest of each Fund’s shareholders. The policy provides that each Fund’s current portfolio holdings may not be selectively disclosed, except under the safeguards and circumstances provided in the policy or as otherwise required by state law or federal securities laws. The policy is designed to prevent the possible misuse of knowledge of a Fund’s portfolio holdings and to ensure that the interests of the Adviser, the Funds’ Distributor, custodian, transfer agent, fund accountant and administrator, or any affiliated person of the Fund or the Funds’ service providers, are not placed above those of the Funds’ shareholders. As a general principal, the policy prohibits the Funds and any service provider to the Funds, including the Adviser, from entering into any arrangement to receive any compensation or consideration, either directly or indirectly, in return for the disclosure of a Fund’s non-public portfolio holdings.

 

Each Fund’s entire portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Fund is open for business through financial reporting and news services including publicly available internet websites. In addition, a basket composition file, which includes the security names and share quantities to deliver in exchange for Fund Shares, together with estimates and actual cash components, is publicly disseminated daily via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”). The basket represents one Creation Unit of a Fund.

 

Other than as provided in the preceding paragraph, portfolio information of the Funds must be disclosed in a manner that: (a) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and is in the best interests of the Funds’ respective shareholders; (b) does not put the interests of the Funds’ service providers or any affiliated person of the Funds and their service providers above those of the Funds’ shareholders; (c) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain entities (as described below) may receive portfolio information in a format not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units; and (d) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and, to the extent appropriate, confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “entities” referred to in sub-section (c) are generally limited to NSCC members and subscribers to various fee -based subscription services, including Authorized Participants and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information services. This information may or may not reflect the pro rata composition of a Fund’s portfolio.

 

The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “CCO”) may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings under additional circumstances when it is determined to be appropriate and doing so is reasonably likely not to harm a Fund or its shareholders.

 

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Greater than daily access to information concerning the Fund’s portfolio holdings will be permitted (i) to certain personnel of the Funds’ service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other support to portfolio management, including Authorized Participants, and (ii) to other personnel of the Funds’ service providers who deal directly with, or assist in, functions related to investment management, administration, custody and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with the Trust’s exemptive order, agreements with the Funds, and the terms of the Trust’s current registration statement. From time to time, and in the ordinary course of business, such information may also be disclosed (i) to other entities that provide services to the Funds, including pricing information vendors, and third parties that deliver analytical, statistical or consulting services to a Fund and (ii) generally after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. The Trust seeks to avoid potential conflicts between the interests of the Funds’ shareholders and those of the Funds’ service providers and ensure that non-public portfolio holdings information is disclosed only when such disclosure is in the best interests of a Fund and its shareholders. The Trust seeks to accomplish this by permitting such disclosure solely for the purpose of assisting the service provider in carrying out its designated responsibilities for the Funds.

 

A report will be made to the Board at the next quarterly meeting if disclosure of a Fund’s current portfolio holdings was authorized by the CCO, as discussed above, or outside the permissions of the policy. The policy is subject to periodic review by the Board. As part of the annual review of the Trust’s compliance policies and procedures, the CCO will report to the Board regarding the operation and effectiveness of the policy, including as to any changes to the policies and procedures that have been made or recommendations for future changes. The Board is responsible for approving or ratifying any amendment to the policy.

 

Portfolio holdings will be disclosed through required filings with the SEC. Each Fund files its portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semiannual period) and, upon its effective date, each Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings information to the SEC using Form N-PORT within 30 days of the end of each month. Shareholders may obtain the Funds’ Forms N-CSR and N-PORT filings on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Form N-PORT is not required to be mailed to shareholders, but is made public through the SEC’s electronic filings. Shareholders receive either complete portfolio holdings information or summaries of Fund portfolio holdings with their annual and semi-annual reports. In addition, the Funds’ Forms N-CSR and N-PORT filings may be reviewed on the SEC’s website.

 

Additional Information about Investment Objectives, Policies and Related Risks

 

The Funds’ investment objective and principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus. For a description of certain permitted investments, see “Description of Permitted Investments” in this SAI.

 

Non-Diversification

 

Each Fund is classified as non-diversified within the meaning of the 1940 Act, which means that it is not limited by the 1940 Act in the proportion of its assets that it may invest in securities of a single issuer. As a non-diversified investment company, a Fund may invest a greater proportion of its assets in the obligations of a small number of issuers and, as a result, may be subject to greater risk with respect to portfolio securities. To the extent that a Fund assumes large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, its return may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a diversified company as a result of changes in the financial condition or in the market’s assessment of the issuers.

 

Each Fund’s investments will be limited, however, in order to qualify as a “regulated investment company” for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

 

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Borrowing

 

The Funds may borrow to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund may borrow up to one-third (1/3) of its net assets. A Fund will borrow money only for short-term or emergency purposes. Such borrowing is not for investment purposes and will be repaid by the borrowing Fund promptly. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. A Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

 

Consistent with SEC staff guidance, financial instruments that involve a Fund’s obligation to make future payments to third parties will not be viewed as creating a “senior security” for purposes of the 1940 Act provided that the Fund covers its obligations as described below. Those financial instruments can include, among others, (i) securities purchased or sold on a when-issued, delayed delivery, or to be announced basis, (ii) futures contracts, (iii) forward currency contracts, (iv) swaps, (v) written options, (vi) unfunded commitments, (vii) securities sold short, and (viii) reverse repurchase agreements.

 

Consistent with SEC staff guidance, a Fund will consider its obligations involving such a financial instrument as “covered” when the Fund (i) maintains an offsetting financial position, or (ii) segregates liquid assets (constituting cash, cash equivalents or other liquid portfolio securities) equal to the Fund’s exposures relating to the financial instrument, as determined on a daily basis. Dedicated Fund compliance policies and procedures, which the Board has approved, govern the kinds of transactions that can be deemed to be offsetting positions for purposes of (i) above, and the amounts of assets that need to be segregated for purposes of (ii) above (the “Asset Segregation Policies”).

 

The Asset Segregation Policies may require a Fund to sell a portfolio security or exit a transaction at a disadvantageous time or price in order for the Fund to be able to segregate the required amount of assets. If segregated assets decline in value, the Fund will need to segregate additional assets or reduce its position in the financial instruments. In addition, segregated assets may not be available to satisfy redemptions or for other purposes until the Fund’s obligations under the financial instruments have been satisfied. In addition, the Fund’s ability to use the financial instruments identified above may under some circumstances depend on the nature of the instrument and amount of assets that the Asset Segregation Policies require the Fund to segregate.

 

Description of Permitted Investments

 

The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices for each Fund and the associated risk factors. A Fund will only invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices if such investment or activity is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted by the Fund’s stated investment policies.

 

Commodity-Linked Notes

 

A commodity-linked note has characteristics of both a debt security and a commodity-linked derivative. It typically makes interest payments like a debt security and at maturity the principal payment is linked to the price movement of an underlying commodity-related variable that may be: a physical commodity (such as heating oil, livestock, or agricultural products), a commodity future or option contract, a commodity index, or some other readily measurable variable that reflects changes in the value of particular commodities or the commodities markets. Commodity-linked notes are typically issued by a bank, other financial institution or a commodity producer, and are negotiated with the issuer to obtain specific terms and features that are tailored to particular investment needs.

 

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Risks of Commodity-Linked Notes. A Fund may invest in commodity-linked notes to gain exposure to commodities markets. Commodity-linked notes may be subject to special risks that do not affect traditional equity and debt securities:

 

  Risk of loss of interest. If the interest rate on a commodity-linked note is based on the value of a particular commodity, commodity index or other economic variable, a Fund might receive lower interest payments (or not receive any interest) if the value of the underlying investment falls.
     
  Risk of loss of principal. To the extent that the amount of the principal to be repaid upon maturity is linked to the value of a particular commodity, commodity index or other economic variable, the value of the commodity, commodity index or other economic variable may not increase sufficiently so that a Fund might not receive a portion (or any) of the principal when the investment matures or upon earlier exchange.
     
  Credit risk. Commodity-linked notes are subject to credit risks on the underlying investment and to counterparty credit risk. If the counterparty fails to meet its obligations, a Fund may lose money.
     
  Liquidity risk. A liquid secondary market may not exist for certain commodity-linked notes the Fund buys, which may make it difficult for a Fund to sell them at an acceptable price or to accurately value them.
     
  Volatility risk. The value of the commodity-linked notes the Fund buys may fluctuate significantly because the values of the underlying investments to which they are linked are extremely volatile. Additionally, the particular terms of a commodity-linked note may create economic leverage by requiring payment by the issuer of an amount that is a multiple of the price increase or decrease of the underlying commodity, commodity index, or other economic variable. Economic leverage increases the volatility of the value of commodity-linked notes and their value may increase or decrease more quickly than the underlying commodity, commodity index or other economic variable.

 

Derivative Instruments

 

Generally, derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends on or is derived from, the value of one or more underlying assets, reference rates, or indices or other market factors (a “reference instrument”) and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, credit, currencies, commodities or related indices. Derivative instruments can provide an efficient means to gain or reduce exposure to the value of a reference instrument without actually owning or selling the instrument. Some common types of derivatives include futures, forwards and swaps.

 

Derivative instruments may be used for “hedging,” which means that they may be used when the Adviser seeks to protect a Fund’s investments from a decline in value resulting from changes to interest rates, market prices, currency fluctuations or other market factors. Derivative instruments may also be used for other purposes, including to seek to increase liquidity, provide efficient portfolio management, broaden investment opportunities (including taking short or negative positions), implement a tax or cash management strategy, gain exposure to a particular security or segment of the market, modify the effective duration of a Fund’s portfolio investments and/or enhance total return. However derivative instruments are used, their successful use is not assured and will depend upon, among other factors, the Adviser’s ability to gauge relevant market movements.

 

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Derivative instruments may be used for purposes of direct hedging. Direct hedging means that the transaction must be intended to reduce a specific risk exposure of a portfolio security or its denominated currency and must also be directly related to such security or currency. A Fund’s use of derivative instruments may be limited from time to time by policies adopted by the Board or the Adviser.

 

Because some derivative instruments used by a Fund may oblige the Fund to make payments or incur additional obligations in the future, the SEC requires mutual funds to “cover” or segregate liquid assets equal to the potential exposure created by such derivatives. The obligation to cover or segregate such assets is described more fully under “Borrowing” in this SAI.

 

Futures contracts. Generally, a futures contract is a standard binding agreement to buy or sell a specified quantity of an underlying reference instrument, such as a specific security, currency or commodity, at a specified price at a specified later date. A “sale” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to deliver the underlying reference instrument called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. A “purchase” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to acquire the underlying reference instrument called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. The purchase or sale of a futures contract will allow a Fund to increase or decrease its exposure to the underlying reference instrument without having to buy the actual instrument.

 

The underlying reference instruments to which futures contracts may relate include non-U.S. currencies, interest rates, stock and bond indices, and debt securities, including U.S. government debt obligations. In certain types of futures contracts, the underlying reference instrument may be a swap agreement. For more information about swap agreements generally, see “Swaps” below. In most cases the contractual obligation under a futures contract may be offset, or “closed out,” before the settlement date so that the parties do not have to make or take delivery. The closing out of a contractual obligation is usually accomplished by buying or selling, as the case may be, an identical, offsetting futures contract. This transaction, which is effected through a member of an exchange, cancels the obligation to make or take delivery of the underlying instrument or asset. Although some futures contracts by their terms require the actual delivery or acquisition of the underlying instrument or asset, some require cash settlement.

 

Futures contracts may be bought and sold on U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges. Futures contracts in the U.S. have been designed by exchanges that have been designated “contract markets” by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) and must be executed through a futures commission merchant (“FCM”), which is a brokerage firm that is a member of the relevant contract market. Each exchange guarantees performance of the contracts as between the clearing members of the exchange, thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Futures contracts may also be entered into on certain exempt markets, including exempt boards of trade and electronic trading facilities, available to certain market participants. Because all transactions in the futures market are made, offset or fulfilled by an FCM through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded, a Fund will incur brokerage fees when it buys or sells futures contracts.

 

A Fund generally buys and sells futures contracts only on contract markets (including exchanges or boards of trade) where there appears to be an active market for the futures contracts, but there is no assurance that an active market will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. An active market makes it more likely that futures contracts will be liquid and bought and sold at competitive market prices. In addition, many of the futures contracts available may be relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active market will develop or continue to exist.

 

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When a Fund enters into a futures contract, it must deliver to an account controlled by the FCM (that has been selected by the Fund) an amount referred to as “initial margin” that is typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of a contract over a fixed period. Initial margin requirements are determined by the respective exchanges on which the futures contracts are traded and the FCM. Thereafter, a “variation margin” amount may be required to be paid by the Fund or received by the Fund in accordance with margin controls set for such accounts, depending upon changes in the marked-to-market value of the futures contract. The account is marked-to-market daily, and the variation margin is monitored by the Adviser and the Fund’s custodian on a daily basis. When the futures contract is closed out, if the Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the margin amount. If the Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the excess margin is returned to the Fund. If the Fund has a gain, the full margin amount and the amount of the gain is paid to the Fund.

 

Some futures contracts provide for the delivery of securities that are different than those that are specified in the contract. For a futures contract for delivery of debt securities, on the settlement date of the contract, adjustments to the contract can be made to recognize differences in value arising from the delivery of debt securities with a different interest rate from that of the particular debt securities that were specified in the contract. In some cases, securities called for by a futures contract may not have been issued when the contract was written.

 

Risks of futures contracts. A Fund’s use of futures contracts is subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments generally. In addition, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses to the Fund in excess of the amount that the Fund delivered as initial margin. Because of the relatively low margin deposits required, futures trading involves a high degree of leverage; as a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss, or gain, to the Fund. In addition, if the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements or close out a futures position, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. Adverse market movements could cause the Fund to experience substantial losses on an investment in a futures contract.

 

There is a risk of loss by a Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Fund has an open position in a futures contract. The assets of the Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM’s customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, the Fund is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Fund’s assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM’s other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty.

 

A Fund may not be able to properly hedge or effect its strategy when a liquid market is unavailable for the futures contract the Fund wishes to close, which may at times occur. In addition, when futures contracts are used for hedging, there may be an imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the underlying reference instrument on which the futures contract is based and movements in the prices of the assets sought to be hedged.

 

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The difference (called the “spread”) between prices in the cash market for the purchase and sale of the underlying reference instrument and the prices in the futures market is subject to fluctuations and distortions due to differences in the nature of those two markets. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal pricing spread between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures markets depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery of the underlying instrument. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, resulting in pricing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements that apply in the futures market are less onerous than similar margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. When such distortions occur, a correct forecast of general trends in the price of an underlying reference instrument by the Adviser may still not necessarily result in a profitable transaction.

 

Futures contracts that are traded on non-U.S. exchanges may not be as liquid as those purchased on CFTC-designated contract markets. In addition, non-U.S. futures contracts may be subject to varied regulatory oversight. The price of any non-U.S. futures contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon, may be affected by any change in the non-U.S. exchange rate between the time a particular order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised.

 

The CFTC and the various exchanges have established limits referred to as “speculative position limits” on the maximum net long or net short position that any person, such as a Fund, may hold or control in a particular futures contract. Trading limits are also imposed on the maximum number of contracts that any person may trade on a particular trading day. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of these limits and it may impose other sanctions or restrictions. The regulation of futures, as well as other derivatives, is a rapidly changing area of law. For more information, see “Developing government regulation of derivatives” below.

 

Futures exchanges may also limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. This daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.

 

When purchasing stocks or bonds, a buyer acquires ownership in a security; however, buyers of futures contracts are not entitled to ownership of the underlying commodity until and unless they decide to accept delivery at expiration of the contract. In practice, delivery of the underlying commodity to satisfy a futures contract rarely occurs because most futures traders use the liquidity of the central marketplace to sell their exchange-traded futures contract before expiration. As futures contracts approach expiration, they may be replaced by similar contracts that have a later expiration. For example, a contract purchased and held in December may have an expiration date in March. As this contract nears expiration, a long position in the contract may be replaced by selling the March contract and purchasing a contract expiring in September. This process is referred to as “rolling.” The price of a futures contract is generally higher or lower than the spot price of the underlying asset when there is significant time to expiration of the contract due to various factors within the market. As a futures contract nears expiration, the futures price will tend to converge to the spot price. Historically, the prices of some futures contracts with near-term expirations may be higher than for futures contracts with longer-term expirations. This circumstance is referred to as “backwardation.” If the market for futures contracts is in “backwardation,” the sale of the near-term month contract would be at a higher price than the longer-term contract, and futures investors generally will earn positive returns. Conversely, a “contango” market is one in which the price of futures contracts in the near-term months are lower than the price of futures contracts in the longer-term months. If the market for futures contacts is in “contango,” it would create a cost to “roll” the futures contract, resulting in negative returns. The actual realization of a potential roll cost will depend on the difference in price of the near and distant contracts. In addition, a Fund may not “roll” futures contracts on a predefined schedule as they approach expiration; instead the Adviser may determine to roll to another futures contract in an attempt to generate maximum yield. There can be no guarantee that such a strategy will produce the desired results.

 

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Swaps. Generally, swap agreements are contracts between the Fund and another party (the swap counterparty) involving the exchange of payments on specified terms over periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. A swap agreement may be negotiated bilaterally and traded over-the-counter between the two parties (for an uncleared swap) or, in some instances, must be transacted through an FCM and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty (for a cleared swap). In a basic swap transaction, a Fund agrees with the swap counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) and/or cash flows earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” or value of predetermined underlying reference instruments. The notional amount is the set dollar or other value selected by the parties to use as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given investments or at given interest rates. Examples of returns that may be exchanged in a swap agreement are those of a particular security, a particular fixed or variable interest rate, a particular non-U.S. currency, or a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. Swaps can also be based on credit and other events.

 

Each Fund will generally enter into swap agreements on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams that are to be made by the Fund and its counterparty with respect to a particular swap agreement are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net difference in the two payments. The Fund’s obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement that is entered into on a net basis will generally be the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the obligations of each party upon termination of the agreement or at set valuation dates. The Fund will accrue its obligations under a swap agreement daily (offset by any amounts the counterparty owes the Fund). If the swap agreement does not provide for that type of netting, the full amount of the Fund’s obligations will be accrued on a daily basis.

 

New swaps regulation. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and related regulatory developments have imposed comprehensive new regulatory requirements on swaps and swap market participants. The new regulatory framework includes: (i) registration and regulation of swap dealers and major swap participants; (ii) requiring central clearing and execution of standardized swaps; (iii) imposing margin requirements on swap transactions; (iv) regulating and monitoring swap transactions through position limits and large trader reporting requirements; and (v) imposing record keeping and centralized and public reporting requirements, on an anonymous basis, for most swaps. The CFTC is responsible for the regulation of most swaps, and has completed most of its rules implementing the Dodd-Frank Act swap regulations. The SEC has jurisdiction over a small segment of the market referred to as “security-based swaps,” which includes swaps on single securities or credits, or narrow-based indices of securities or credits, but has not yet completed its rulemaking.

 

Uncleared swaps. In an uncleared swap, the swap counterparty is typically a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. A Fund customarily enters into uncleared swaps based on the standard terms and conditions of an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreement. ISDA is a voluntary industry association of participants in the over-the-counter derivatives markets that has developed standardized contracts used by such participants that have agreed to be bound by such standardized contracts.

 

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In the event that one party to a swap transaction defaults and the transaction is terminated prior to its scheduled termination date, one of the parties may be required to make an early termination payment to the other. An early termination payment may be payable by either the defaulting or non-defaulting party, depending upon which of them is “in-the-money” with respect to the swap at the time of its termination. Early termination payments may be calculated in various ways, but are intended to approximate the amount the “in-the-money” party would have to pay to replace the swap as of the date of its termination.

 

During the term of an uncleared swap, a Fund is usually required to pledge to the swap counterparty, from time to time, an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to the total net amount (if any) that would be payable by the Fund to the counterparty if the swap were terminated on the date in question, including any early termination payments. Periodically, changes in the amount pledged are made to recognize changes in value of the contract resulting from, among other things, interest on the notional value of the contract, market value changes in the underlying investment, and/or dividends paid by the issuer of the underlying instrument. Likewise, the counterparty may be required to pledge cash or other assets to cover its obligations to the Fund. However, the amount pledged may not always be equal to or more than the amount due to the other party. Therefore, if a counterparty defaults in its obligations to the Fund, the amount pledged by the counterparty and available to the Fund may not be sufficient to cover all the amounts due to the Fund and the Fund may sustain a loss.

 

In December 2015, the CFTC adopted margin requirements for uncleared swaps. When the CFTC’s margin requirements become effective, the requirements may impact a Fund’s ability to engage in uncleared swaps because margin for uncleared swaps is expected to be higher than margin for cleared swaps.

 

Cleared swaps. Certain standardized swaps are subject to mandatory central clearing and exchange-trading. The Dodd-Frank Act and implementing rules will ultimately require the clearing and exchange-trading of many swaps. Mandatory exchange-trading and clearing will occur on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant, CFTC approval of contracts for central clearing and public trading facilities making such cleared swaps available to trade. To date, the CFTC has designated only certain of the most common types of credit default index swaps and interest rate swaps as subject to mandatory clearing, and certain public trading facilities have made certain of those cleared swaps available to trade, but it is expected that additional categories of swaps will in the future be designated as subject to mandatory clearing and trade execution requirements. Central clearing is intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not eliminate these risks and may involve additional costs and risks not involved with uncleared swaps. For more information, see “Risks of cleared swaps” below.

 

In a cleared swap, a Fund’s ultimate counterparty is a central clearinghouse rather than a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. Cleared swaps are submitted for clearing through each party’s FCM, which must be a member of the clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty. Transactions executed on a swap execution facility (“SEF”) may increase market transparency and liquidity but may require the Fund to incur increased expenses to access the same types of swaps that it has used in the past. When the Fund enters into a cleared swap, it must deliver to the central counterparty (via the FCM) an amount referred to as “initial margin.” Initial margin requirements are determined by the central counterparty, and are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of the cleared swap over a fixed period, but an FCM may require additional initial margin above the amount required by the central counterparty. During the term of the swap agreement, a “variation margin” amount may also be required to be paid by the Fund or may be received by the Fund in accordance with margin controls set for such accounts. If the value of the Fund’s cleared swap declines, the Fund will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. Conversely, if the market value of the Fund’s position increases, the FCM will post additional “variation margin” to the Fund’s account. At the conclusion of the term of the swap agreement, if the Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the margin amount. If the Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the excess margin is returned to the Fund. If the Fund has a gain, the full margin amount and the amount of the gain is paid to the Fund.

 

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Total return swaps. Generally, a total return swap is an agreement between two parties, pursuant to which one pays (and the other receives) an amount equal to the total return (including, typically, income and capital gains distributions, principal prepayment or credit losses) of an underlying reference asset (e.g., a note, bond or securities index) in exchange for a regular payment, at a floating rate based on LIBOR, or alternatively at a fixed rate or the total rate of return on another financial instrument. A Fund may take either position in a total return swap (i.e., the Fund may receive or pay the total return on the underlying reference asset). A fixed income total return swap may be written on many different kinds of underlying reference assets, and may include different indices for various kinds of debt securities (e.g., U.S. investment grade bonds, high yield bonds or emerging market bonds). A fixed income total return swap is similar to other swaps, such as interest rate swaps where payment streams are exchanged between the Fund and the counterparty.

 

Risks of swaps generally. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether a Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser correctly to predict which types of investments are likely to produce greater returns. If the Adviser, in using swap agreements, is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates, inflation, currency exchange rates or other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund will be less than its performance would have been if it had not used the swap agreements.

 

The risk of loss to a Fund for swap transactions that are entered into on a net basis depends on which party is obligated to pay the net amount to the other party. If the counterparty is obligated to pay the net amount to the Fund, the risk of loss to the Fund is loss of the entire amount that the Fund is entitled to receive. If the Fund is obligated to pay the net amount, the Fund’s risk of loss is generally limited to that net amount. If the swap agreement involves the exchange of the entire principal value of a security, the entire principal value of that security is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. In addition, the Fund’s risk of loss also includes any margin at risk in the event of default by the counterparty (in an uncleared swap) or the central counterparty or FCM (in a cleared swap), plus any transaction costs.

 

Because bilateral swap agreements are structured as two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, these swaps may be considered to be illiquid and, therefore, subject to the Funds’ limitation on investments in illiquid securities. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, a Fund may not be able to establish or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. Participants in the swap markets are not required to make continuous markets in the swap contracts they trade. Participants could refuse to quote prices for swap contracts or quote prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and the price at which they are prepared to sell. Some swap agreements entail complex terms and may require a greater degree of subjectivity in their valuation. Central clearing and the trading of cleared swaps on public facilities are intended to increase liquidity. The Adviser, under the supervision of the Board, is responsible for determining and monitoring the liquidity of the Fund’s swap transactions.

 

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Rules adopted under the Dodd-Frank Act require centralized reporting of detailed information about many swaps, whether cleared or uncleared. This information is available to regulators and also, to a more limited extent and on an anonymous basis, to the public. Reporting of swap data is intended to result in greater market transparency. This may be beneficial to funds that use swaps in their trading strategies. However, public reporting imposes additional recordkeeping burdens on these funds, and the safeguards established to protect anonymity are not yet tested and may not provide protection of funds’ identities as intended.

 

Certain Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) positions may limit a Fund’s ability to use swap agreements in a desired tax strategy. It is possible that developments in the swap markets and/or the laws relating to swap agreements, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to benefit from using swap agreements, or could have adverse tax consequences. For more information about potentially changing regulation, see “Developing government regulation of derivatives” below.

 

Risks of uncleared swaps. Uncleared swaps are typically executed bilaterally with a swap dealer rather than traded on exchanges. As a result, swap participants may not be as protected as participants on organized exchanges. Performance of a swap agreement is the responsibility only of the swap counterparty and not of any exchange or clearinghouse. As a result, a Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty will be unable or will refuse to perform under such agreement, including because of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. The Fund risks the loss of the accrued but unpaid amounts under a swap agreement, which could be substantial, in the event of a default, insolvency or bankruptcy by a swap counterparty. In such an event, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the swap agreements, but bankruptcy and insolvency laws could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor. If the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would likely decline, potentially resulting in losses.

 

Risks of cleared swaps. As noted above, under recent financial reforms, certain types of swaps are, and others eventually are expected to be, required to be cleared through a central counterparty, which may affect counterparty risk and other risks faced by a Fund.

 

Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant’s swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. There is also a risk of loss by a Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Fund has an open position or the central counterparty in a swap contract. The assets of the Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM’s customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, the Fund is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Fund’s assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM’s other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty. Credit risk of cleared swap participants is concentrated in a few clearinghouses, and the consequences of insolvency of a clearinghouse are not clear.

 

With cleared swaps, a Fund may not be able to obtain as favorable terms as it would be able to negotiate for a bilateral, uncleared swap. In addition, an FCM may unilaterally amend the terms of its agreement with the Fund, which may include the imposition of position limits or additional margin requirements with respect to the Fund’s investment in certain types of swaps. Central counterparties and FCMs can require termination of existing cleared swap transactions upon the occurrence of certain events, and can also require increases in margin above the margin that is required at the initiation of the swap agreement.

 

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Currently, depending on a number of factors, the margin required under the rules of the clearinghouse and FCM may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by a Fund to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap. However, regulators have proposed and are expected to adopt rules imposing certain margin requirements on uncleared swaps in the near future, which are likely to impose higher margin requirements on uncleared swaps.

 

Finally, a Fund is subject to the risk that, after entering into a cleared swap with an executing broker, no FCM or central counterparty is willing or able to clear the transaction. In such an event, the Fund may be required to break the trade and make an early termination payment to the executing broker.

 

Developing government regulation of derivatives. The regulation of cleared and uncleared swaps, as well as other derivatives, is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading.

 

It is not possible to predict fully the effects of current or future regulation. However, it is possible that developments in government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, such as speculative position limits on certain types of derivatives, or limits or restrictions on the counterparties with which a Fund engages in derivative transactions, may limit or prevent the Fund from using or limit the Fund’s use of these instruments effectively as a part of its investment strategy, and could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment goals. The Adviser will continue to monitor developments in the area, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Fund’s ability to enter into desired swap agreements. New requirements, even if not directly applicable to the Fund, may increase the cost of the Fund’s investments and cost of doing business.

 

Exchange-Traded Notes

 

Exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”) are a type of unsecured, unsubordinated debt security that have characteristics and risks similar to those of fixed income securities and trade on a major exchange similar to shares of ETFs. This type of debt security differs, however, from other types of bonds and notes because ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index, minus applicable fees; no period coupon payments are distributed and no principal protections exist. The purpose of ETNs is to create a type of security that combines the aspects of both bonds and ETFs.

 

Risks of ETNs. The value of an ETN may be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying commodities markets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating and other economic, legal, political or geographic events. If a Fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the secondary market is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount. If the Fund holds its investment in an ETN until maturity, the issuer will give the Fund a cash amount that would be equal to principal amount (subject to the day’s index factor). ETNs also are subject to credit risk, whereby the Fund could lose money if the issuer of a note is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it is due.

 

ETNs may trade at a premium or a discount to their indicative value. For example, an ETN might trade at a premium to its indicative value if the issuer suspends issuance of new notes. Paying a premium relative to the indicative value to purchase the ETN in the secondary market, and then selling the ETN when the market price no longer reflects the premium, could lead to significant losses for a Fund.

 

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Government Securities

 

A Fund may invest in U.S. government securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. U.S. Treasury bills have initial maturities of one-year or less; U.S. Treasury notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and U.S. Treasury bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. Certain U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, obligations of U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Small Business Administration, the Federal Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, the Federal Land Banks, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Federal Financing Bank, the National Credit Union Administration and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (“Farmer Mac”).

 

Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, including, for example, Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those securities issued by Fannie Mae, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. While the U.S. government provides financial support to the U.S. government-sponsored federal agencies and instrumentalities described above, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law.

 

On September 6, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship. As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and of any stockholder, officer or director of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. FHFA selected a new chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors for each of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Also, the U.S. Treasury entered into a Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement imposing various covenants that severely limit each enterprise’s operations.

 

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac continue to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship, and each remains liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The FHFA has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac prior to FHFA’s appointment as conservator or receiver, including the guaranty obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

 

Types of Government Securities:

 

U.S. Treasury Obligations: U.S. Treasury obligations consist of bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and separately traded interest and principal component parts of such obligations that are transferable through the federal book-entry system known as Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (“STRIPS”).

 

STRIPS are sold as zero coupon securities, that is, fixed income securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons. Zero coupon securities are sold at a (usually substantial) discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal. The amount of this discount is accreted over the life of the security, and the accretion constitutes the income earned on the security for both accounting and tax purposes. Because of these features, the market prices of zero coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market prices of securities that have similar maturity but that pay interest periodically. Zero coupon securities are likely to respond to a greater degree to interest rate changes than are non-zero coupon securities with similar maturity and credit qualities.

 

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U.S. Government Agencies: Some obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. Guarantees of principal by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government may be a guarantee of payment at the maturity of the obligation, so that in the event of a default prior to maturity, there might not be a market, and thus no means of realizing on the obligation prior to maturity. Guarantees as to the timely payment of principal and interest do not extend to the value or yield of these securities nor to the value of a Fund’s Shares.

 

Investment Companies

 

A Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including money market funds, subject to applicable limitations under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1), the Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the “acquired company”) provided that the Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate: (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company; (ii) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (iii) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies (other than treasury stock of the Fund) having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, the Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds in excess of the limits discussed above.

 

If a Fund invests in and, thus, is a shareholder of, another investment company, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by such other investment company, including advisory fees, in addition to both the management fees payable directly by the Fund to the Fund’s own investment adviser and the other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with the Fund’s own operations.

 

Other Short-Term Instruments

 

A Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including short-term Treasuries and money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds; (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and foreign banks (including foreign branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase “Prime-1” by Moody’s or “A-1” by S&P, or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Adviser; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; and (vi) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of the Adviser, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by the Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or a forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.

 

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Wholly-Owned Subsidiary

 

A Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary invests primarily in commodity-linked derivatives (including commodity futures and swap contracts). The Subsidiary may also invest in certain fixed income securities and other investments that may serve as margin or collateral for its derivatives positions.

 

Since a Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in the Subsidiary, which may hold certain of the investments described in the Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, the Fund may be considered to be investing indirectly in those investments through its Subsidiary. Therefore, references in the Fund’s Prospectus and in this SAI to investments by the Fund also may be deemed to include the Fund’s indirect investments through the Subsidiary.

 

Risks of Investing in the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act and is not subject to its investor protections. Each Fund, as the sole shareholder of the respective Subsidiary, does not have all of the protections offered by the 1940 Act. However, the Subsidiary is wholly-owned and controlled by the Fund and managed by the Adviser. Therefore, a Fund’s ownership and control of the Subsidiary make it unlikely that the Subsidiary would take action contrary to the interests of the Fund or its shareholders. The Board has oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including its expected investment in the Subsidiary, and the Fund’s role as the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary.

 

Changes in the laws of the United States (where the Funds are organized) and/or the Cayman Islands (where each Subsidiary is incorporated), could prevent a Fund and/or a Subsidiary from operating as described in the Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. For example, the Cayman Islands currently does not impose certain taxes on the Subsidiary, including income and capital gains tax, among others. If Cayman Islands laws were changed to require the Subsidiary to pay Cayman Islands taxes, the investment returns of the Fund would likely decrease.

 

Special Considerations and Risks

 

A discussion of the risks associated with an investment in each Fund is contained in the Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus.

 

General

 

Investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio investments may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers thereof, the value of financial instruments generally and other factors.

 

An investment in the Fund should also be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in securities and derivatives, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of the securities and derivatives markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio investments and thus in the value of Shares). Securities are susceptible to general market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.

 

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Cyber Security

 

The Funds, their service providers, the Exchange, and Authorized Participants are susceptible to cyber security risks that include, among other things, theft, unauthorized monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential and highly restricted data; denial of service attacks; unauthorized access to relevant systems, compromises to networks or devices that the Funds and their service providers use to service the Funds’ operations; or operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Funds and their service providers. Cyber attacks against or security breakdowns of the Funds, their service providers, the Exchange, or Authorized Participants may adversely impact the Funds and their shareholders, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses; the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the Funds to process transactions; inability to calculate the Funds’ NAVs; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs; and/or additional compliance costs. The Funds may incur additional costs for cyber security risk management and remediation purposes. In addition, cyber security risks may also impact issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, which may cause the Funds’ investment in such issuers to lose value. There can be no assurance that the Funds, their service providers, the Exchange, or Authorized Participants will not suffer losses relating to cyber attacks or other information security breaches in the future.

 

Tax Risks

 

As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares of a Fund will be taxed. The federal income tax information in the Prospectus and this SAI is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares of a Fund.

 

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Fund makes distributions or you sell Shares.

 

Investment Restrictions

 

The Trust has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies with respect to each Fund. These restrictions cannot be changed with respect to a Fund without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. For the purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of outstanding shares” means the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Except with the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, a Fund may not:

 

  1. Concentrate its investments in an industry or group of industries (i.e., hold 25% or more of its net assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries). For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
     
  2. Borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined under the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

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  3. Lend any security or make any other loan except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
     
  4. Purchase or sell commodities or real estate, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
     
  5. Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies as set forth above, each Fund observes the following restrictions, which may be changed without a shareholder vote.

 

  1. The Fund will not invest in illiquid assets in excess of 15% of its net assets. An illiquid asset is any asset which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the investment.

 

The investment objective of each Fund is a non-fundamental policy that can be changed by the Board without approval by shareholders.

 

If a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or total or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction, except that the percentage limitations with respect to the borrowing of money and illiquid securities will be observed continuously.

 

During times of adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, a Fund may depart temporarily from its principal investment strategies (such as by maintaining a significant uninvested cash position) for defensive purposes. Doing so could help the Fund avoid losses, but may mean lost investment opportunities. During these periods, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Exchange Listing and Trading

 

A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in a Fund is contained in the summary section of the Fund’s Prospectus under the “PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES” and in the statutory Prospectus under “BUYING AND SELLING SHARES.” The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, such sections of the Prospectus.

 

The Shares of each Fund are approved for listing and trading on the Exchange, subject to notice of issuance. The Shares trade on the Exchange at prices that may differ to some degree from their net asset value. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares of a Fund will continue to be met.

 

The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the Shares of a Fund from listing if: (i) following the initial twelve-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial holders of the Shares for 30 or more consecutive trading days; (ii) the value of its Benchmark or portfolio of securities on which the Fund is based is no longer calculated or available; (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available; or (iv) such other event shall occur or condition exists that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. In addition, the Exchange will remove a Fund’s Shares from listing and trading upon termination of the Trust or the Fund.

 

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The Exchange or market data vendors or other information providers will disseminate, every fifteen seconds during the regular trading day, an IOPV relating to each Fund. The IOPV calculations are estimates of the value of a Fund’s net asset value per Share using market data converted into U.S. dollars at the current currency rates. The IOPV price is based on quotes and closing prices from the securities local market and may not reflect events that occur subsequent to the local market’s close. Premiums and discounts between the IOPV and the market price may occur. This should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV per Share of a Fund, which is calculated only once a day. Neither the Funds or the Adviser, nor any of their affiliates is involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of such IOPVs and make no warranty as to their accuracy.

 

The Trust reserves the right to adjust the Share price of a Fund in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.

 

As in the case of other publicly traded securities, brokers’ commissions on transactions will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.

 

The base and trading currencies of each Fund is the U.S. dollar. The base currency is the currency in which a Fund’s NAV per Share is calculated and the trading currency is the currency in which Shares of the Fund are listed and traded on the Exchange.

 

Management of the Trust

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Fund Management.”

 

Trustees and Officers of the Trust

 

Board Responsibilities: The management and affairs of the Trust and each Fund described in this SAI are overseen by the Board. The Board elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the day-to-day operations of the Trust and the Funds. The Board has approved contracts, as described below, under which certain companies provide essential services to the Trust.

 

Like most registered investment companies, the day-to-day business of the Trust, including the management of risk, is performed by third party service providers, such as the Adviser or the Administrator (as defined below). The Board is responsible for overseeing the Trust’s service providers and, thus, has oversight responsibility with respect to risk management performed by those service providers. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of a Fund. Each Fund and its service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various of those possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Each service provider is responsible for one or more discrete aspects of the Trust’s business (e.g., the Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio investments) and, consequently, for managing the risks associated with that business. The Board has emphasized to the Funds’ service providers the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management.

 

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The role of the members of the Board (the “Trustees”) in risk oversight begins before the inception of a Fund, at which time certain of the Fund’s service providers present the Board with information concerning the investment objectives, strategies and risks of the Fund as well as proposed investment limitations for the Fund. Additionally, the Fund’s Adviser provides the Board with an overview of, among other things, its investment philosophy, brokerage practices and compliance infrastructure.

 

Thereafter, the Board continues its oversight function as various personnel, including the CCO, as well as personnel of the Adviser and other service providers such as the Fund’s independent accountants, make periodic reports to the Audit Committee or to the Board with respect to various aspects of risk management. The Board and the Audit Committee oversee efforts by management and service providers to manage risks to which the Fund may be exposed.

 

The Board is responsible for overseeing the nature, extent and quality of the services provided to each Fund by the Adviser and receives information about those services at its regular meetings. In addition, on an annual basis, in connection with its consideration of whether to renew the Funds’ investment advisory agreements with the Adviser, the Board meets with the Adviser to review such services. Among other things, the Board regularly considers the Adviser’s adherence to the Funds’ investment restrictions and compliance with various Fund policies and procedures and with applicable securities regulations. The Board also reviews information about the Funds’ performance and the Funds’ investments, including, for example, portfolio holdings schedules.

 

The CCO reports regularly to the Board to review and discuss compliance issues and Fund and Adviser risk assessments. At least annually, the CCO provides the Board with a report reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust’s policies and procedures and those of its service providers, including the Adviser. The report addresses the operation of the policies and procedures of the Trust and each service provider since the date of the last report; any material changes to the policies and procedures since the date of the last report; any recommendations for material changes to the policies and procedures; and any material compliance matters since the date of the last report.

 

The Board receives reports from the Funds’ service providers regarding operational risks and risks related to the valuation and liquidity of portfolio securities. The Board has also established a Valuation Committee that is responsible for implementing the Trust’s valuation procedures and providing reports to the Board concerning investments for which market quotations are not readily available. Annually, the independent registered public accounting firm reviews with the Audit Committee its audit of the Funds’ financial statements, focusing on major areas of risk encountered by the Funds and noting any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the Funds’ internal controls. Additionally, in connection with its oversight function, the Board oversees Fund management’s implementation of disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust in its periodic reports with the SEC are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the required time periods. The Board also oversees the Trust’s internal controls over financial reporting, which comprise policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Trust’s financial reporting and the preparation of the Trust’s financial statements.

 

From their review of these reports and discussions with the Adviser, the CCO, the independent registered public accounting firm and other service providers, the Board and the Audit Committee learn in detail about the material risks of the Funds, thereby facilitating a dialogue about how management and service providers identify and mitigate those risks.

 

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The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Funds can be identified and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve each Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of a Fund’s investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Adviser and other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Fund’s and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.

 

Members of the Board and Officers:

 

There are three members of the Board, two of whom are not interested persons of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”). William Rhind, an interested person of the Trust, serves as Chairman of the Board. The Trust does not have a lead Independent Trustee. The Board is comprised of 66% Independent Trustees. There is an Audit Committee of the Board that is chaired by an Independent Trustee and comprised solely of Independent Trustees. The Audit Committee chair presides at the Audit Committee meetings, participates in formulating agendas for Audit Committee meetings, and coordinates with management to serve as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and management on matters within the scope of responsibilities of the Audit Committee as set forth in its Board-approved charter. Because of the ease of communication arising from the relatively small size of the Board and the small number of Independent Trustees, the Board has determined not to designate a lead Independent Trustee at this time.

 

The Trust has determined its leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Trust made this determination in consideration of, among other things, the fact that the Independent Trustees constitute 66% of the Board, the number of Independent Trustees that constitute the Board, the amount of assets under management in the Trust, and the number of funds overseen by the Board. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from Fund management.

 

The Board of Trustees has three standing committees: the Audit Committee, Nominating Committee and Valuation Committee. The Audit Committee and Nominating Committee are chaired by an Independent Trustee and composed of the Independent Trustees.

 

Set forth below are the names, birth years, positions with the Trust, length of term of office, the number of portfolios in the Fund Complex (defined below) overseen, and the principal occupations and other directorships held during at least the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as a Trustee, as well as information about each officer of the Trust. The business address of each Trustee and officer of the Trust is 205 Hudson Street, 7th Floor, New York, New York 10013. The “Fund Complex” includes all open-and closed-end funds (including all of their portfolios) advised by the Adviser. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund Complex consists of four funds.

 

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Name and Year
of Birth
  Position(s) Held with
the Trust, Term of
Office and Length of
Time Served
  Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
  Number of
Portfolios in
Fund
Complex
Overseen By
Trustee
and/or
Officer
  Other
Directorships Held
by Trustee During
Past 5 Years
Interested Trustees and Officers
William Rhind
1979
  Trustee, Chairman of the Board, Treasurer and Secretary, President of the Trust
(since 2016)(1)
 

CEO, World Gold Trust Services LLC (sponsor of SPDR Gold Trust)
(2013-2016)

 

Managing Director, ETF Securities (investment advisory firm)
(2007-2013)

  4   Director, University of Bath Foundation (charitable organization)
                 
James R. Nash
1981
  Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust
(since 2017)
 

Fund Chief Compliance Officer, Foreside Fund Officer Services, LLC (fund compliance services firm)
(2016- present)

 

Senior Associate and Regulatory Advisor, J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
(2014-2016)

 

Back Officer Product Analyst, Linedata Services (financial services software firm) (2011-2014)

  4   None

 

(1) William Rhind is an interested trustee due to his ownership of shares of, and his position as CEO of, GraniteShares, Inc., the owner of the Adviser.

 

Independent Trustees
Steven James Smyser
1973
  Independent Trustee of the Trust (since 2017)  

CFO, Packet Host, Inc. (information technology firm) (2014-present)

 

Founder, Silver Horse Capital Partners, LLC (hedge fund) (2013- present)

 

Director, Citi (1999-2013)

  4   None
                 
Seddik Meziani
1952
  Independent Trustee of the Trust (since 2017)   Professor, Montclair State University, New Jersey (1999- present)   4   Member of the Research Advisory Board, ETF Global, LLC (market data and research provider)

 

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Individual Trustee Qualifications. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve on the Board because of their ability to review and understand information about the Funds provided to them by management, to identify and request other information they may deem relevant to the performance of their duties, to question management and other service providers regarding material factors bearing on the management and administration of the Funds, and to exercise their business judgment in a manner that serves the best interests of the Funds’ shareholders. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve as a Trustee based on their own experience, qualifications, attributes and skills as described below.

 

William Rhind is the founder and CEO of GraniteShares, Inc., an independent ETF company based in New York. Prior to GraniteShares, Mr. Rhind was CEO of World Gold Trust Services LLC, part of the World Gold Council. Prior to joining the World Gold Council in 2013, Mr. Rhind was a senior executive at ETF Securities, from 2007 to 2013. He was also formerly a Principal at iShares. Mr. Rhind is a graduate of the University of Bath, in England.

 

Steven Smyser is the CFO at Packet Host, Inc., a company that offers cloud storage and computing solutions. The company owns its own servers in over 30 locations. He is also the founder of Silver Horse Capital Partners, LLC, although the trading activity has been limited due to Mr. Smyser’s work at Packet Host, Inc. He previously worked as a Director at Citi trading equity derivatives until 2013. In this role, he covered a collection of the largest customers of the firm and was responsible for various proprietary stock and option trading strategies. During his 14-year tenure at Citi, Mr. Smyser also held various risk management roles in both the Fixed Income and Equities divisions. Prior to joining Citi, he worked at Freddie Mac on the mortgage-backed securities trading desk. Mr. Smyser graduated Magna Cum Laude from James Madison University with a B.B.A. in International Business and a minor in Economics and French.

 

Seddik Meziani is a professor of finance at Montclair State University, NJ, and the Soliciting Editor of The Journal of Index Investing. He received a Ph.D. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an MBA from New York University. He has authored three ETF books and authored or coauthored 32 peer reviewed articles, along with editorials, commentaries and other articles in newspapers, magazines and trade journals. Dr. Meziani is also a consultant and speaker. He is frequently quoted by the media on ETF topics and speaks regularly at industry conferences.

 

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Board Committees

 

The Board has established the following standing committees:

 

Audit Committee. The Board has a standing Audit Committee that is composed of 100% of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee include: recommending which firm to engage as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and whether to terminate this relationship; reviewing the independent registered public accounting firm’s compensation, the proposed scope and terms of its engagement, and the firm’s independence; pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided by the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm to the Trust and certain other affiliated entities; serving as a channel of communication between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Trustees; reviewing the results of each external audit, including any qualifications in the independent registered public accounting firm’s opinion, any related management letter, management’s responses to recommendations made by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with the audit, reports submitted to the Committee by the internal auditing department of the Trust’s Administrator (as defined below) that are material to the Trust as a whole, if any, and management’s responses to any such reports; reviewing the Funds’ audited financial statements and considering any significant disputes between the Trust’s management and the independent registered public accounting firm that arose in connection with the preparation of those financial statements; considering, in consultation with the independent registered public accounting firm and the Trust’s senior internal accounting executive, if any, the independent registered public accounting firms’ report on the adequacy of the Trust’s internal financial controls; reviewing, in consultation with the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, major changes regarding auditing and accounting principles and practices to be followed when preparing the Funds’ financial statements; and other audit related matters. All of the Independent Trustees currently serve as members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee also acts as the Trust’s qualified legal compliance committee. The Audit Committee held 2 meetings during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

 

Nominating Committee. The Board has a standing Nominating Committee that is composed of 100% of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Nominating Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibility of the Nominating Committee is to consider, recommend and nominate candidates to fill vacancies on the Trust’s Board, if any. The Nominating Committee generally will not consider nominees recommended by shareholders. All of the Independent Trustees currently serve as members of the Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee held no meetings during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

 

Valuation Committee. The Board also has established a Valuation Committee that may be comprised of representatives from the Adviser, representatives from the Administrator (as defined below), counsel to the Funds, and/or members of the Board. The Valuation Committee operates under procedures approved by the Board. The Valuation Committee is responsible for the valuation and revaluation of any portfolio investments for which market quotations or prices are not readily available. The members of the Valuation Committee are William Rhind and two representatives from the Adviser: Benoit Autier and Jeff Klearman. The Valuation Committee held no meetings during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

 

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Ownership of Shares

 

The following table shows the dollar amount ranges of each Trustee’s “beneficial ownership” of Shares of the Funds and in all registered investment companies in the Fund Complex as of December 31, 2018. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”). The Trustees and officers of the Trust own less than 1% of the outstanding Shares of the Trust as of September 30, 2019.

 

Name   Dollar Range of Shares   Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares
(All Funds in the Complex)
Interested Trustees
William Rhind   None   None
Independent Trustees
Steven James Smyser   None   None
Seddik Meziani   None   None

 

Compensation of the Trustees

 

The Trustees received the following compensation, paid by the Trust, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

 

Name  Aggregate
Compensation
   Pension or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued as
Part of Fund
Expenses
   Estimated
Annual Benefits
Upon
Retirement
   Total
Compensation
from the Trust and
Fund Complex*
 
   Interested Trustees 
William Rhind  $ 0   $             0   $              0   $              0 
  Independent Trustees 
Steven James Smyser  $10,000   $0   $0   $ 1,931  
Seddik Meziani  $10,000   $0   $0   $ 1,931  

 

* From the period July 1, 2018 through August 17, 2018, the Funds paid Trustees’ fees and CCO fees, but was reimbursed through a fee waiver agreement by the Adviser. Starting August 18, 2018, the Board of Trustees of the GraniteShares ETF Trust and adopted a unitary fee model for the Funds.

 

Codes of Ethics

 

The Trust and the Adviser have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics are designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust and the Adviser from engaging in deceptive, manipulative or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Funds (which may also be held by persons subject to the codes of ethics). The Trust and Adviser codes of ethics prohibit personnel of the Adviser from investing in securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds.

 

There can be no assurance that the codes of ethics will be effective in preventing such activities. Each code of ethics has been filed with the SEC and may be examined on the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

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Proxy Voting Policies

 

Because of the specific investments of the Funds (e.g., commodity-linked derivative instruments, other commodity-linked instruments, and fixed income securities) the Funds expect to receive a limited number of requests for the voting of shareholder proxies. Nevertheless, the Trust has delegated to the Adviser the authority and responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by the Funds. The remainder of this section discusses the Adviser’s proxy voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”).

 

The Guidelines include many specific examples of voting decisions for the types of proposals that are most frequently presented:

 

  1. Board of Directors: The Adviser supports an independent board of directors, and prefers that key committees such as audit, nominating, and compensation committees be comprised of independent directors. The Adviser generally votes against management efforts to classify a board and generally supports proposals to declassify the board of directors. The Adviser considers withholding votes from directors with an unsatisfactory attendance record. While generally in favor of separating Chairman and CEO positions, the Adviser will review this issue on a case-by-case basis, considering other factors, including the company’s corporate governance guidelines and performance. It evaluates proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting on a case-by-case basis and considers such factors as corporate governance provisions as well as relative performance.
     
  2. Ratification of Auditors: In light of several high profile accounting scandals, the Adviser closely scrutinizes the role and performance of auditors. On a case-by-case basis, the Adviser examines proposals relating to non-audit relationships and non-audit fees. It considers, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to rotate auditors, and votes against the ratification of auditors when there is clear and compelling evidence of accounting irregularities or negligence attributable to the auditors.
     
  3. Management & Director Compensation: The Adviser evaluates plans on a case-by-case basis by considering several factors to determine whether the plan is fair and reasonable. The Adviser generally opposes plans that have the potential to be excessively dilutive. It generally supports employee stock option plans. Severance compensation arrangements are reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although the Adviser generally opposes “golden parachutes” that are considered excessive. It normally supports proposals that require a percentage of director compensation be in the form of common stock, as it aligns their interests with those of the shareholders. The Adviser reviews on a case-by-case basis any shareholder proposals to adopt policies on expensing stock option plans, and continues to monitor future developments in this area.
     
  4. Anti-Takeover Mechanisms and Related Issues: The Adviser generally opposes anti-takeover measures since they tend to reduce shareholder rights. However, as with all proxy issues, it conducts an independent review of each anti-takeover proposal. Occasionally, the Adviser may vote with management when the research analyst has concluded that the proposal is not onerous and would not harm Client interests as stockholders. The Adviser generally supports proposals that require shareholder rights plans (“poison pills”) to be subject to a shareholder vote. It evaluates shareholder rights plans on a case-by-case basis to determine whether they warrant support. The Adviser generally votes against any proposal to issue stock that has unequal or subordinate voting rights. Additionally, it generally opposes any supermajority voting requirements as well as the payment of “greenmail.” “Fair price” provisions and confidential voting is generally supported.

 

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  5. Changes to Capital Structure: The Adviser will carefully review, on a case-by-case basis, proposals by companies to increase authorized shares and the purpose for the increase. It generally votes against dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares where that class of stock would have superior voting rights. The Adviser generally votes in favor of the issuance of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock issuance are deemed reasonable. The Adviser reviews proposals seeking preemptive rights on a case-by-case basis.
     
  6. Social and Corporate Policy Issues: The Adviser generally gives management discretion with regard to social, environmental and ethical issues, although it may vote in favor of those issues that are believed to have significant economic benefits or implications.

 

Although the Guidelines are followed as a general policy, certain issues are considered on a case-by-case basis based on the relevant facts and circumstances.

 

Because of the limited scope of the business of the Adviser and its affiliates, the Adviser does not expect conflicts between the interests of the Adviser and those of its clients with respect to voting proxies to arise frequently. In situations where there may be a conflict of interest in the voting of proxies due to business or personal relationships that the Adviser maintains with persons having an interest in the outcome of certain votes, the Adviser takes appropriate steps to ensure that its proxy voting decisions are made in the best interest of its clients and are not the product of such conflict. When the Adviser becomes aware of any vote that presents a conflict, the conflict will be reported to the Adviser’s chief compliance officer. The Adviser’s chief compliance officer will work with senior management to identify the source of the conflict and implement measures to address the conflict. If a material conflict exists, the Adviser will address the voting issue through objective means such as voting in a manner consistent with a pre-determined voting policy or receiving an independent third party voting recommendation.

 

The Trust is required to disclose annually each Fund’s complete proxy voting record on Form N-PX covering the period July 1 through June 30 and file it with the SEC no later than August 31. Information on how each Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12 month period is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-844-764-6825 and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

Investment Advisory and Other Services

 

GraniteShares Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company located at 205 Hudson Street, 7th Floor, New York, New York 10013, serves as the investment adviser to the Funds. William Rhind, a Trustee, Chairman of the Board, and officer of the Trust, controls the Adviser due to his ownership of shares of, and his position as CEO of, GraniteShares, Inc., the owner of the Adviser.

 

The Trust and the Adviser have entered into an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with respect to the Funds. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser serves as the investment adviser, makes investment decisions for the Funds, and manages the investment portfolios of the Funds, subject to the supervision of, and policies established by, the Board. The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence generally in the performance of its duties, or its reckless disregard of its obligation and duties, under the Advisory Agreement.

 

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After the initial two-year term, the continuance of the Advisory Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually: (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of each Fund; and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or “interested persons” or of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trustees of the Trust or, with respect to a Fund, by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or by the Adviser on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice to the Trust. As used in the Advisory Agreement, the terms “majority of the outstanding voting securities,” “interested persons” and “assignment” have the same meaning as such terms in the 1940 Act.

 

For its services, the Adviser receives a fee that is equal to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the COMB Fund and 0.35% per annum of the average daily net assets of the COMG Fund, in each case calculated daily and paid monthly. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is responsible for substantially all expenses of each Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, expenses related to short sales, other expenditures which are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of each Fund’s business, and amounts, if any, payable pursuant to a plan adopted in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act).

 

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses of the Funds, except for: (i) brokerage expenses and other fees, charges, taxes, levies or expenses (such as stamp taxes) incurred in connection with the execution of portfolio transactions or in connection with creation and redemption transactions; (ii) legal fees or expenses in connection with any arbitration, litigation or pending or threatened arbitration or litigation, including any settlements in connection therewith; (iii) extraordinary expenses; (iv) distribution fees and expenses paid by the Trust under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act; (v) interest and taxes of any kind or nature; (vi) any fees and expenses related to the provision of securities lending services; and (vii) the advisory fee payable to the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement.

 

Advisory Fees Paid by the Funds for Services

 

    Advisory Fee Accrued     Advisory Fees Waived     Net Advisory Fees Paid  
    Fiscal Year Ended     Fiscal Year Ended     Fiscal Year Ended  
    June 30     June 30     June 30  
Fund   2019     2018     2019     2018     2019     2018  
                                     
GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity                                                
Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF   $ 130,106           $ 5,970           $ 124,136     $ 38,106  
                                                 
GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity                                                
Broad Strategy No K-1 ETF   $ 23,944           $ 3,073           $ 20,871     $ 16,177  

 

The Portfolio Managers

 

This section includes information about the Funds’ portfolio managers, including information about other accounts they manage, the dollar range of Shares they own, and how they are compensated.

 

Compensation

 

Benoit Autier and Jeff Klearman are the Fund’s portfolio managers (the “Portfolio Managers”). As of the date of this SAI, each Portfolio Manager’s compensation generally includes a fixed base salary determined periodically (typically annually) and a discretionary annual bonus that is based on both objective and subjective criteria.

 

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Each Portfolio Manager’s base salary is determined by level of responsibility and tenure at the Adviser. The level of the discretionary bonus is determined by the Adviser based upon a number of factors, including the Adviser’s profitability, the expansion work and effort of the Portfolio Manager, the involvement of the Portfolio Manager in the investment management functions of the Adviser, the Portfolio Manager’s role in the development of other investment professionals and the Portfolio Manager’s work relationship with support staff, and the Portfolio Manager’s overall contribution to strategic planning.

 

Shares Owned by Portfolio Managers

 

Set forth in the table below is the dollar range of equity securities owed by the Fund’s portfolio managers as of September 30, 2019.

 

  Name   Dollar Range of Shares Held in the Fund
  Benoit Autier   A (COMB)
      A (COMG)
       
  Jeff Klearman   B (COMB)
      A (COMG)

 

  Key to Dollar Ranges  
  A None  
  B $1 - $10,000  
  C $10,001 - $50,000  
  D $50,001 - $100,000  
  E $100,001 - $500,000  
  F $500,001 - $1,000,000  
  G Over $1,000,000  

 

Other Accounts

 

Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Funds)

 

Portfolio Manager   Number and Type of Account   Approximate Total Net Assets   Performance Based Accounts
Benoit Autier  

1 RICs

0 PIVs

0 other accounts

 

$8,361,000

N/A

N/A

  None
Jeff Klearman  

1 RICs

0 PIVs

0 other accounts

 

$8,361,000

N/A

N/A

  None

 

The registered investment companies that are managed by Messrs. Autier and Klearman each pursues different investment strategies based on different benchmark indexes. The Adviser does not believe that management of the various accounts presents a material conflict of interest for Messrs. Autier and Klearman or the Adviser.

 

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The Distributor

 

The Trust and the Distributor, Foreside Fund Services, LLC, are parties to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts as principal underwriter for the Funds. Shares are continuously offered by the Funds through the Distributor for sale only in Creation Units. Each Creation Unit is made up of 50,000 Shares. Generally the Distributor will not distribute Shares in amounts less than a Creation Unit. The principal business address of the Distributor is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.

 

Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as principal underwriter of the Trust, and upon direction from the Fund, may enter into arrangements with Authorized Participants that place orders for purchases of Shares, provided that any subscriptions and orders will not be binding on the Trust unless placed in accordance with proper procedures. (See “Purchase and Issuance of Shares in Creation Units.”) The Distributor will deliver Prospectuses and, upon request, SAIs to Authorized Participants purchasing Creation Units. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”).

 

The Distribution Agreement will continue for two years from its effective date and is renewable thereafter. The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by majority vote of its outstanding voting shares or by a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by the Distributor on 60 days written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment.

 

Distribution Plan. The Trust has adopted a Distribution Plan (the “Plan”) in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, which regulates circumstances under which an investment company may directly or indirectly bear expenses relating to the distribution of its shares. No distribution fees are currently charged to the Funds; there are no plans to impose these fees.

 

Continuance of the Plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (“Qualified Trustees”). The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount that may be spent thereunder without approval by a majority of the outstanding Shares of any class of a Fund that is affected by such increase. All material amendments of the Plan will require approval by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and of the Qualified Trustees.

 

The Plan provides that Shares of a Fund may pay the Distributor an annual fee of up to a maximum of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Shares. Under the Plan, the Distributor may make payments pursuant to written agreements to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations and insurance companies including, without limitation, investment counselors, broker-dealers and the Distributor’s affiliates and subsidiaries as compensation for services and reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance. The Plan is characterized as a compensation plan since the distribution fee will be paid to the Distributor without regard to the distribution expenses incurred by the Distributor or the amount of payments made to other financial institutions and intermediaries. The Trust intends to operate the Plan in accordance with its terms and with FINRA rules concerning sales charges.

 

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Under the Plan, subject to the limitations of applicable law and regulations, a Fund is authorized to compensate the distributor or others, up to the maximum amount to finance any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Creation Units of the Fund or for providing or arranging for others to provide shareholder services and for the maintenance of shareholder accounts. Such activities may include, but are not limited to: (i) delivering copies of the Fund’s then current reports, prospectuses, notices, and similar materials, to prospective purchasers of Creation Units; (ii) marketing and promotional services, including advertising; (iii) paying the costs of and compensating others, including Authorized Participants for performing shareholder servicing on behalf of the Fund; (iv) compensating certain Authorized Participants for providing assistance in distributing the Creation Units of the Fund, including the travel and communication expenses and salaries and/or commissions of sales personnel in connection with the distribution of the Creation Units of the Fund; (v) payments to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies and investment counselors, broker-dealers, mutual fund supermarkets and the affiliates and subsidiaries of the Trust’s service providers as compensation for services or reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance; and (vi) facilitating communications with beneficial owners of Shares, including the cost of providing (or paying others to provide) services to beneficial owners of Shares, including, but not limited to, assistance in answering inquiries related to shareholder accounts.

 

The Administrator

 

The Trust and The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Administrator”) have entered into an administrative services agreement (the “Administration Agreement”), under which the Administrator provides the Trust with administrative services, including providing certain operational, clerical, recordkeeping and/or bookkeeping services. The principal business address of the Administrator is 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286.

 

The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator shall not be liable for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Administration Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Administrator.

 

The Custodian

 

The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Custodian”), 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286, serves as the custodian of the Funds under a custodian agreement with the Trust, as well as the custodian of each Fund’s Subsidiary under a custodian agreement with each such Subsidiary. The Custodian holds cash, securities and other assets of the Funds as required by the 1940 Act. Each Subsidiary complies with affiliated transactions and custody requirements set forth in Section 17 of the 1940 Act.

 

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The Transfer Agent

 

BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286, serves as the Fund’s transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent under a transfer agency agreement with the Trust.

 

Legal Counsel

 

Vedder Price P.C., with offices located at 1401 I St. NW, Ste. 1100, Washington, DC 20005, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

KPMG LLP, with offices located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10154, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust.

 

Description of Shares

 

The Declaration of Trust establishing the Trust (the “Declaration of the Trust”) authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of funds and shares of each fund. Each share of a fund represents an equal proportionate interest in that fund with each other share. Shares are entitled upon liquidation to a pro rata share in the net assets of the fund. Shareholders have no preemptive rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees of the Trust may create additional series or classes of shares. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any additional funds and all assets in which such consideration is invested would belong to that fund and would be subject to the liabilities related thereto. Share certificates representing shares will not be issued. Each fund’s shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.

 

Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Shares of all funds vote together as a single class, except that if the matter being voted on affects only a particular fund it will be voted on only by that fund, and if a matter affects a particular fund differently from other funds, that fund will vote separately on such matter. As a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust is not required, and does not intend, to hold annual meetings of shareholders. Approval of shareholders will be sought, however, for certain changes in the operation of the Trust and for the election of Trustees under certain circumstances.

 

Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have the power to liquidate each fund without shareholder approval. While the Trustees have no present intention of exercising this power, they may do so if any fund fails to reach a viable size within a reasonable amount of time or for such other reasons as may be determined by the Board.

 

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Brokerage Transactions

 

The policy of the Trust regarding purchases and sales of securities for the Funds is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are effected on a stock exchange, the Trust’s policy is to pay commissions, which are considered fair and reasonable, without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Trust believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude the Funds and the Adviser from obtaining a high quality of brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Adviser will rely upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage services received from the broker effecting the transaction. Such determinations are necessarily subjective and imprecise, as in most cases, an exact dollar value for those services is not ascertainable. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of a Fund’s Shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.

 

The Adviser owes a fiduciary duty to its clients to seek to provide best execution on trades effected. In selecting a broker/dealer for each specific transaction, the Adviser chooses the broker/dealer deemed most capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable execution. Best execution is generally understood to mean the most favorable cost or net proceeds reasonably obtainable under the circumstances. The full range of brokerage services applicable to a particular transaction may be considered when making this judgment, which may include, but is not limited to: liquidity, price, commission, timing, aggregated trades, capable floor brokers or traders, competent block trading coverage, ability to position, capital strength and stability, reliable and accurate communications and settlement processing, use of automation, knowledge of other buyers or sellers, arbitrage skills, administrative ability, underwriting and provision of information on a particular security or market in which the transaction is to occur. The specific criteria will vary depending upon the nature of the transaction, the market in which it is executed, and the extent to which it is possible to select from among multiple broker/dealers. The Adviser will also use electronic crossing networks when appropriate.

 

The Adviser does not currently use the Funds’ assets for, or participate in, any third party soft dollar arrangements, although it may receive proprietary research from various full service brokers, the cost of which is bundled with the cost of the broker’s execution services. The Adviser does not “pay up” for the value of any such proprietary research.

 

The Adviser is responsible, subject to oversight by the Board, for placing orders on behalf of the Funds for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of a Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the Adviser are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to all by the Adviser. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions will be beneficial to the Fund. The primary consideration is prompt execution of orders at the most favorable net price.

 

The Funds may deal with affiliates in principal transactions to the extent permitted by exemptive order or applicable rule or regulation.

 

The following chart reflects the aggregate amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds for the three most recently completed fiscal years.

 

  Total Brokerage Commissions
  2019 2018 2017
COMB Fund 0 0 0
COMG Fund 0 0 0

 

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Brokerage with Fund Affiliates. A Fund may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Fund, the Adviser or the Distributor for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. These rules require that commissions paid to the affiliate by the Fund for exchange transactions not exceed “usual and customary” brokerage commissions. The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Trustees, including the Independent Trustees, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and review these procedures periodically.

 

Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealer.” Each Fund is required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) which it may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal year. “Regular brokers or dealers” of the Trust are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Trust’s portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Trust; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of the Trust’s shares. As of June 30, 2019, the Funds did not hold the securities of their “regular broker dealers.”

 

Portfolio Turnover Rate

 

Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates are likely to result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions is evaluated by the Adviser based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions paid by other institutional investors for comparable services. For the fiscal years ending June 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively, the portfolio turnover rates for the COMB Fund were 0% and 0%. For the fiscal years ending June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, the portfolio turnover rates for the COMG Fund were 0% and 0%.

 

Book Entry Only System

 

DTC acts as securities depositary for the Shares. Shares of a Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except in limited circumstances set forth below, certificates will not be issued for Shares.

 

DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).

 

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Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares. The Trust recognizes DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of Shares are not entitled to have Shares registered in their names, and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests, to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares.

 

Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. DTC will make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee a listing of Shares held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall obtain from each such DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

 

Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the applicable Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

 

The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in a Fund’s Shares, or for maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.

 

DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to a Fund at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Fund shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.

 

Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities

 

A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Shares of a Fund. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a Fund or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of a Fund.

 

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As of September 30, 2019, the following persons were known to own of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding securities of each Fund:

 

COMB Fund

 

NAME AND ADDRESS   % OWNERSHIP OF FUND   NATURE OF OWNERSHIP
Northern Trust Company   34.84%   Record

801 S. Canal Street

Chicago, IL 60607

       
         
Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.
101 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, CA 94104
  24.21%   Record
         
TD Ameritrade
4211 S. 102nd Street
Omaha, NE 68127
  10.93%   Record
         

NFS LLC
499 Washington Blvd,
Jersey City, NJ 07310

  9.74%   Record
         
RBC Capital Markets
2398 E. Camelback Road
Phoenix, AZ 85016-9001
  6.47%   Record

 

COMG Fund

 

NAME AND ADDRESS   % OWNERSHIP OF FUND   NATURE OF OWNERSHIP
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
40061 Highway 49
Oakhurst, CA 93644-8969
  47.23%   Record
         
LPL Financial
40061 Highway 49
Oakhurst, CA 936444-8969
  14.83%   Record
         

BOFA Securities, Inc.

4804 Dear Lake Drive E,

Jacksonville, FL 32246

  9.94%   Record
         
Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.67%   Record
         
TD Ameritrade
4211 S. 102nd Street
Omaha, NE 68127
  6.15%   Record
         
NFS LLC
499 Washington Blvd,
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.12%   Record

 

Purchase and Issuance of Shares in Creation Units

 

The Trust issues and sells Shares of the Funds only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load (but subject to transaction fees), at their NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order, on any Business Day (as defined below), in proper form pursuant to the terms of each the Fund’s Prospectus. The NAV of each Fund’s Shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the Exchange, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. A Fund will not issue fractional Creation Units. A Business Day is any day on which the Exchange is open for business.

 

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FUND DEPOSIT. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of a Fund generally consists of (i) the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) per each Creation Unit, and (ii) the Cash Component (defined below), computed as described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. When accepting purchases of Creation Units for all or a portion of Deposit Cash, the Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities that would otherwise be provided by an in-kind purchaser.

 

Together, the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of a Fund. The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the Shares (per Creation Unit) and the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the net asset value per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the net asset value per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount, and the creator will be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the net asset value per Creation Unit and the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, if applicable, which shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant.

 

Each Fund, through the National Securities Clearance Corporation (the “NSCC”), makes available on each Business Day, immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), the list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. Such Fund Deposit is subject to any applicable adjustments as described below, in order to effect purchases of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, is made available.

 

The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities or the amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, required for the Fund Deposit for a Fund changes as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by the Adviser with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities of the Fund’s Benchmark.

 

The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of Deposit Cash in situations where a Deposit Security: (i) may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery; (ii) may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC for corporate securities and municipal securities; (iii) may not be eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor for which it is acting; (iv) would be restricted under the securities laws or where the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws; or (v) in certain other situations. The Trust also reserves the right to include or remove Deposit Securities from the basket in anticipation of Benchmark rebalancing changes. The adjustments described above will reflect changes, known to the Adviser on the date of announcement to be in effect by the time of delivery of the Fund Deposit, in the composition of the subject Benchmark being tracked by the applicable Fund or resulting from certain corporate actions.

 

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PROCEDURES FOR PURCHASE OF CREATION UNITS. To be an Authorized Participant eligible to place orders to purchase a Creation Unit of a Fund, an entity must be a “Participating Party”, i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC, or a DTC Participant (see “BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM”). In addition, each Authorized Participant must execute a Participant Agreement with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Each Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of a Participant Agreement, on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that it will pay to the Trust an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component together with the Creation Transaction Fee (defined below) and any other applicable fees and taxes. The Adviser may retain all or a portion of the Creation Transaction Fee to the extent the Adviser bears the expenses that otherwise would be borne by the Trust in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, which the Creation Transaction Fee is designed to cover.

 

All orders to purchase Shares directly from a Fund must be placed for one or more Creation Units and in the manner and by the time set forth in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The date on which an order to purchase Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as set forth below) is received and accepted is referred to as the “Order Placement Date.”

 

An Authorized Participant may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order, (e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to purchase Shares directly from a Fund in Creation Units have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants may have international capabilities.

 

On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, a Fund may require orders to create Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. In addition, if a market or markets on which a Fund’s investments are primarily traded is closed, the Fund will also generally not accept orders on such day(s). Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by a transmission method acceptable to the Transfer Agent. With respect to the applicable Fund, the Transfer Agent will notify the Custodian of such order. The Custodian will then provide such information to the appropriate local sub-custodian(s). Those placing orders through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order by the cut-off time on such Business Day. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Distributor the Funds, the Transfer Agent or an Authorized Participant.

 

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Fund Deposits must be delivered by an Authorized Participant through the Federal Reserve System (for cash) or through DTC (for corporate securities) and/or through such other arrangements allowed by the Trust or its agents. With respect to foreign Deposit Securities, the Custodian shall cause the sub-custodian of the applicable Fund to maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, such Deposit Securities (or Deposit Cash for all or a part of such securities, as permitted or required), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by the Trust. Foreign Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local sub-custodian. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the Authorized Participant in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, to the account of the Fund or its agents by no later than the Settlement Date. The “Settlement Date” for a Fund is generally the third Business Day after the Order Placement Date. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash to be delivered, as applicable, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities or cash, as applicable, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash represented by the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system or through DTC in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than the Settlement Date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, are not received by the Custodian in a timely manner by the Settlement Date, the creation order may be cancelled. Upon written notice, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using the Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of the applicable Fund.

 

An order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed, provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the applicable cut-off time and federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m. Eastern time (as set forth on the applicable order form), with the Custodian on the Settlement Date. If the order is not placed in proper form as required, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m. Eastern time (as set forth on the applicable order form) on the Settlement Date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected, and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the applicable Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. A creation request is considered to be in “proper form” if all procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, order form and this SAI are properly followed.

 

ISSUANCE OF A CREATION UNIT. Except as provided herein, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Trust of the Deposit Securities or payment of Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the Custodian that the required Deposit Securities (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Transfer Agent and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Trust will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Units. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received. The Authorized Participant shall be liable to the applicable Fund for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.

 

Creation Units may be purchased in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) an additional amount of cash equal to a percentage of the market value, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”), which shall be maintained in a separate non-interest bearing collateral account. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities, to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal to the applicable percentage, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the daily marked-to-market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the market value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received, plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust. In addition, a transaction fee as set forth below under “Creation Transaction Fee” will be charged in all cases. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the Settlement Date.

 

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ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS OF CREATION UNITS. The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject an order for Creation Units in respect of a Fund including, without limitation, if (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, delivered by the Authorized Participant are not as disseminated through the facilities of the NSCC for that date by the Custodian; (c) the investor(s), upon obtaining the Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares of the Fund; (d) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (e) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (f) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust or the Adviser, have an adverse effect on the Trust or the rights of beneficial owners; (g) the acceptance or receipt of the order for a Creation Unit would, in the opinion of counsel to the Trust, be unlawful; or (h) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent, or the Adviser make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process orders for Creation Units.

 

Examples of such circumstances include acts of God or public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Distributor, the Custodian, a sub-custodian, the Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC, Federal Reserve System, or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Trust or its designee shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits, nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian and the Distributor shall not be liable for the rejection of any purchase order for Creation Units.

 

All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.

 

CREATION TRANSACTION FEE. A purchase (i.e., creation) transaction fee is imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase of Creation Units (the “Creation Transaction Fee”), and investors will be required to pay a Creation Transaction Fee regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction. The Funds may adjust the Creation Transaction Fee from time to time based upon actual experience. The standard fixed Creation Transaction Fee for the Funds will be $500. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Trust.

 

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RISKS OF PURCHASING CREATION UNITS. There are certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from a Fund. Because the Fund’s Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that a shareholder performs as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in the shareholder being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render the shareholder a statutory underwriter and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a shareholder could be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases Creation Units from the Fund, breaks them down into the constituent Shares, and sells those Shares directly to customers, or if a shareholder chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.

 

Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with a Fund’s Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act.

 

REDEMPTION. Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the applicable Fund through the Distributor, and only on a Business Day. EXCEPT UPON LIQUIDATION OF THE FUND, THE TRUST WILL NOT REDEEM SHARES IN AMOUNTS LESS THAN CREATION UNITS.

 

Investors must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.

 

With respect to each Fund, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m. Eastern time) on each Business Day, the list of the names and share quantities of the Fund’s portfolio securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”). Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities.

 

Redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit are paid either in-kind or in cash, or combination thereof, as determined by the Trust. With respect to in-kind redemptions of the Fund, redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of Fund Securities, as announced by the Custodian on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form, plus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less a fixed redemption transaction fee, as set forth below. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the Trust’s discretion, an Authorized Participant may receive the corresponding cash value of the securities in lieu of the in-kind securities value representing one or more Fund Securities.

 

REDEMPTION TRANSACTION FEE. A redemption transaction fee is imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units, and investors will be required to pay a fixed redemption transaction fee regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction. The redemption transaction fee is the same no matter how many Creation Units are being redeemed pursuant to any one redemption request. The Funds may adjust the redemption transaction fee from time to time based upon actual experience. The standard fixed redemption transaction fee for the Funds will be $500. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order.

 

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PROCEDURES FOR REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS. Orders to redeem Creation Units must be submitted in proper form prior to the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement. A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Transfer Agent the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement and (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Trust is received by the Transfer Agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified in the Participant Agreement, or order form, as the case may be. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the investor’s Shares through DTC’s facilities by the times and pursuant to the other terms and conditions set forth in the Participant Agreement, the redemption request shall be rejected.

 

The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption, in the form required by the Trust, to the Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Prospectus. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed a Participant Agreement. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the Shares to the Transfer Agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.

 

ADDITIONAL REDEMPTION PROCEDURES. In connection with taking delivery of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, the Authorized Participant must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Fund Securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within three business days of the trade date.

 

A Fund may, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities but does not differ in net asset value.

 

Redemptions of Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and each Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming investor of the Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer” (“QIB”), as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive Fund Securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A. An Authorized Participant may be required by the Trust to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status in order to receive Fund Securities.

 

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The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to a Fund (i) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares of the Fund or determination of the NAV of the Shares is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.

 

REQUIRED EARLY ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS. Notwithstanding the foregoing, as described in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form, a Fund may require orders to be placed up to one or more Business Days prior to the trade date, as described in the Participant Agreement or the applicable order form, in order to receive the trade date’s NAV. Authorized Participants may be notified that the cut-off time for an order may be earlier on a particular business day, as described in the Participant Agreement and the order form.

 

Determination of Net Asset Value

 

NAV per Share for each Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by the total number of Shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses and fees, including the management fees, are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. The NAV of each Fund is calculated by the Custodian and determined at the close of the regular trading session on the Exchange (ordinarily 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day that such exchange is open, provided that fixed income assets may be valued as of the announced closing time for trading in fixed income instruments on any day that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) announces an early closing time.

 

In calculating the Fund’s NAV per Share, the Fund’s investments are generally valued using market valuations. A market valuation generally means a valuation (i) obtained from an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer), (ii) based on a price quotation or other equivalent indication of value supplied by an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer) or (iii) based on amortized cost. In the case of shares of other funds that are not traded on an exchange, a market valuation means such fund’s published NAV per share. The Adviser may use various pricing services, or discontinue the use of any pricing service, as approved by the Board from time to time. A price obtained from a pricing service based on such pricing service’s valuation matrix may be considered a market valuation. Any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars at the current market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more sources.

 

In the event that current market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market value, the Trust’s procedures require the Valuation Committee to determine a security’s fair value if a market price is not readily available. In determining such value, the Valuation Committee may consider, among other things, (i) price comparisons among multiple sources, (ii) a review of corporate actions and news events, and (iii) a review of relevant financial indicators (e.g., movement in interest rates, market indices, and prices from the Fund’s Benchmark provider). In these cases, the Fund’s NAV may reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair values rather than their market prices. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments, and it is possible that the fair value determination for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of the security. In addition, fair value pricing could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate the Fund’s NAV and the prices used by the Fund’s Benchmark. This may result in a difference between the Fund’s performance and the performance of the Fund’s Benchmark.

 

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Dividends and Distributions

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes.”

 

General Policies. Dividends from net investment income, if any, are declared and paid at least annually by each Fund. Distributions of net realized capital gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year, but a Fund may make distributions on a more frequent basis in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.

 

Dividends and other distributions on Shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such Shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the applicable Fund.

 

A Fund may make additional distributions to the extent necessary (i) to distribute the entire annual taxable income of the Fund, plus any net capital gains and (ii) to avoid imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4982 of the Code.

 

Management of the Trust reserves the right to declare special dividends if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve the status of a Fund as a regulated investment company or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income.

 

Dividend Reinvestment Service. The Trust will not make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available for use by Beneficial Owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds, but certain individual broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of a Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Investors should contact their brokers to ascertain the availability and description of these services. Beneficial Owners should be aware that each broker may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables in order to participate in the dividend reinvestment service, and investors should ascertain from their brokers such necessary details. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares issued by the Trust of the applicable Fund at NAV per share. Distributions reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund will nevertheless be taxable to Beneficial Owners acquiring such additional Shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash.

 

Federal Income Taxes

 

The following is only a summary of certain additional federal income tax considerations generally affecting each Fund and its shareholders. No attempt is made to present a comprehensive explanation of the federal, state, local or foreign tax treatment of a Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended to be a substitute for careful tax planning.

 

The following general discussion of certain federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.

 

Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the application of the provisions of tax law described in this SAI in light of the particular tax situations of the shareholders and regarding specific questions as to federal, state, or local taxes.

 

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Regulated Investment Company (“RIC”) Status. Each Fund will seek to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code. Provided that for each tax year a Fund: (i) meets the requirements to be treated as a RIC (as discussed below); and (ii) distributes at least an amount equal to the sum of 90% of the Fund’s net investment income for such year (including, for this purpose, the excess of net realized short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income, the Fund itself will not be subject to federal income taxes to the extent the Fund’s net investment income and the Fund’s net realized capital gains, if any, are distributed to the Fund’s shareholders. One of several requirements for RIC qualification is that a Fund must receive at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income each year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities, foreign currencies and net income from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “90% Test”). A second requirement for qualification as a RIC is that a Fund must diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year: (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with these other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets or 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets are invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Asset Test”).

 

Under the Asset Test, a Fund generally may not acquire a security if, as a result of the acquisition, more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets would be invested in (i) issuers in which the Fund has, in each case, invested more than 5% of the Fund’s assets and (ii) issuers more than 10% of whose outstanding voting securities are owned by the Fund.

 

If a Fund fails to satisfy the 90% Test or the Asset Test, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the Asset Test. In order to qualify for relief provisions for a failure to meet the Asset Test, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If the Fund fails to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any year, and the relief provisions are not available, all of its taxable income will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In such case, its shareholders would be taxed as if they received ordinary dividends, although the dividends could be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders, and the dividends may be eligible for the lower tax rates available to non-corporate shareholders on qualified dividend income. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any taxable year for which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund would generally be required to pay a Fund-level tax on any net built-in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund for treatment as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. If the Fund determines that it will not qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund will establish procedures to reflect the anticipated tax liability in the Fund’s NAV.

 

A Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year and certain other late-year losses.

 

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If a Fund has a “net capital loss” (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains) for a taxable year, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year.

 

Each Fund will generally be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year at least the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for the year, 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, and certain other amounts. Each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions, or deemed distributions, to avoid imposition of the excise tax, but can make no assurances that all such tax liability will be eliminated.

 

Taxation of Fund Investments. Gains from direct investments in commodities and income from certain commodity-linked derivative instruments do not constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 90% Test. The federal income tax treatment of commodity-linked notes and certain other derivative instruments in which a Fund may invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income and gains from such instruments constitutes qualifying income. If a Fund treats income from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income is later determined not to constitute qualifying income, and, together with any other non-qualifying income, causes the Fund’s non-qualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Fund will fail to qualify as a RIC unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Fund level. To the extent a Fund seeks to invest in commodities, the Fund may gain exposure to the commodity market by investing a portion of its assets in its Subsidiary.

 

A foreign corporation, such as each Subsidiary, will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless it is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. It is expected that each Subsidiary will conduct its activities in a manner so as to meet the requirements of a safe harbor under Section 864(b)(2) of the Code under which the Subsidiary may engage in trading in stocks or securities or certain commodities without being deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. However, if a Subsidiary’s activities were determined not to be of the type described in the safe harbor, then the activities of the Subsidiary may constitute a U.S. trade or business, and be subject to U.S. federal income tax.

 

In general, a foreign corporation, such as each Subsidiary, that does not conduct a U.S. trade or business is nonetheless subject to tax at a flat rate of 30% (or lower tax treaty rate), generally payable through withholding, on the gross amount of certain U.S.-source income that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, subject to certain exemptions, including among others, exemptions for capital gains, portfolio interest and income from notional principal contracts. There is presently no tax treaty in force between the U.S. and the Cayman Islands that would reduce this rate of withholding tax. It is not expected that a material amount of each Subsidiary’s income will be subject to such withholding tax. In addition, each Subsidiary intends to properly certify its status as a non-U.S. person to each custodian and withholding agent to avoid the U.S. backup withholding requirements discussed below.

 

For federal income tax purposes, each Subsidiary will be treated as a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) and each Fund will be treated as a “U.S. shareholder” of its Subsidiary. As a result, each Fund will be required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes all of its Subsidiary’s “subpart F income,” whether or not such income is distributed by the Subsidiary. It is expected that all or substantially all of each Subsidiary’s income will be “subpart F income.” Each Fund’s recognition of its Subsidiary’s “subpart F income” will increase the Fund’s basis in its shares of the Subsidiary. Distributions by the Subsidiary to the Fund will be tax-free, to the extent of its previously undistributed “subpart F income,” and will correspondingly reduce the Fund’s basis in its shares of the Subsidiary. “Subpart F income” is generally treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the Subsidiary’s underlying income. Therefore, a Fund’s investment in its Subsidiary may cause the Fund to realize more ordinary income than would be the case if the Fund invested directly in the investments held by its Subsidiary. If a net loss is realized by the Subsidiary, such loss is not generally available to offset other income earned by the Fund.

 

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As noted above, to qualify as a RIC, a Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from certain specified sources. Income from direct investments in commodities and certain commodity-linked derivatives generally does not constitute qualifying income. The Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") has issued regulations under which the subpart F income of a RIC attributable to the RIC's investment in a CFC is qualifying income to the RIC to the extent that such income is derived with respect to the RIC's business of investing in stock, securities or currencies. Each Fund expects its subpart F income attributable to its investment in its Subsidiary to be derived with respect to the Fund's business of investing in stock, securities or currencies. Accordingly, each Fund expects its subpart F income attributable to its investment in its Subsidiary to be treated as qualifying income. The IRS, however, may assert that a Fund's income attributable to its Subsidiary is not qualifying income. In such a case, a Fund could fail to qualify as a RIC, could be limited in its ability to implement its current investment strategies and may need to significantly change its investment strategies, which could adversely affect the Fund.

 

If a Fund invests in certain positions, such as zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities or, in general, any other securities with original issue discount (or with market discount if the Fund elects to include market discount in income currently), the Fund must accrue income on such investments for each taxable year, which generally will be prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payments. However, a Fund must distribute, at least annually, all or substantially all of its net investment income, including such accrued income, to shareholders to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes. Therefore, a Fund may have to dispose of its portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate cash, or may have to leverage itself by borrowing the cash, to satisfy these distribution requirements.

 

The Funds may acquire market discount bonds. A market discount bond is a security acquired in the secondary market at a price below its redemption value (or its adjusted issue price if it is also an original issue discount bond). If a Fund invests in a market discount bond, it will be required to treat any gain recognized on the disposition of such market discount bond as ordinary income (instead of capital gain) to the extent of the accrued market discount unless the Fund elects to include the market discount in income as it accrues, as discussed above.

 

A Fund’s investment in lower-rated or unrated debt securities may present issues for the Fund if the issuers of these securities default on their obligations because the federal income tax consequences to a holder of such securities are not certain.

 

A Fund’s transactions in certain forward and futures contracts, hedged investments and options will be subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other things, may affect the character of gain or loss realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gain or loss is ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund, defer Fund losses, and affect the determination of whether capital gain and loss is characterized as long-term or short-term capital gain or loss. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. For example, at the end of each year, certain investments held by a Fund must be “marked to market” for federal income tax purposes; that is, they are treated as having been sold at their fair market value, which may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirement for avoiding income and excise taxes.

 

Generally, the character of the income or capital gains that a Fund receives from another investment company will pass through to the Fund’s shareholders as long as the Fund and the other investment company each qualify as RICs. However, to the extent that another investment company that qualifies as a RIC realizes net losses on its investments for a given taxable year, a Fund will not be able to recognize its share of those losses until it disposes of shares of such investment company. Moreover, even when a Fund does make such a disposition, a portion of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss. As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, it is possible that the amounts of net investment income and net capital gains that a Fund will be required to distribute to shareholders will be greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by the investment companies in which it invests, rather than investing in shares of the investment companies. For similar reasons, the character of distributions from a Fund (e.g., long-term capital gain, qualified dividend income, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by the investment companies in which it invests.

 

51
 

 

Shareholder Taxation. Each Fund intends to distribute substantially all its net investment income and net realized capital gains to shareholders, at least annually. The distribution of net investment income and net realized capital gains generally will be taxable to Fund shareholders regardless of whether a shareholder elects to receive these distributions in cash or in additional Shares.

 

However, a Fund may determine not to distribute, or determine to defer the distribution of, some portion of its income in non-routine circumstances. If the Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any available capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (iii) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their Shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon timely filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.

 

A portion of the net investment income distributions of a Fund may be treated as qualified dividend income (which, for non-corporate shareholders, is generally eligible for taxation at reduced rates). The portion of distributions that the Fund may report as qualified dividend income is generally limited to the amount of qualified dividend income received by the Fund, but if for any Fund taxable year 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (exclusive of net capital gain from sales of stocks and securities) consists of qualified dividend income, all distributions of such income for that taxable year may be reported as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations (i.e., foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, and other foreign corporations if the stock with respect to which the dividend income is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States).

 

In order for some portion of the dividends received by a shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the applicable Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the dividend paying stocks in its portfolio, and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Fund’s Shares. The Funds do not expect a significant portion of their distributions to be eligible for qualified dividend income treatment. Distributions reported to Fund shareholders as capital gain dividends will be taxable at the rates applicable to long-term capital gains; regardless of how long the shareholder has owned the Shares. Each Fund’s shareholders will be notified annually by the Fund as to the federal income tax status of all distributions made by the Fund. Distributions may be subject to state and local taxes.

 

Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, any dividend declared by a Fund in October, November or December and payable to shareholders of record in such a month that is paid during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which it was declared.

 

52
 

 

U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” including interest, dividends, and capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of Shares of a Fund). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

 

Shareholders who have held Fund Shares for less than a full year should be aware that a Fund may report and distribute, as ordinary dividends or capital gain dividends, a percentage of income that is not equal to the percentage of the Fund’s total ordinary income or net capital gain, respectively, actually earned during the period of investment in the Fund.

 

If a Fund’s distributions for a taxable year exceed its current and accumulated earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions made for the taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in the Fund and generally result in a higher reported capital gain or lower reported capital loss when those Shares on which the distribution was received are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in Fund shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as a gain from the the sale of the shares.

 

A sale or exchange of Shares in a Fund may give rise to a capital gain or loss. In general, any capital gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the capital gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the Shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares will be disallowed if substantially identical stock or securities are purchased (through reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased stock or securities will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Shareholders may be limited in their ability to utilize capital losses.

 

An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered, plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. A person who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received, plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units. The IRS, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position.

 

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, such capital gains or losses will be treated as short-term capital gains or losses.

 

The Trust, on behalf of a Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of Shares of the Trust if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the Shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject an order for Creation Units if acceptance of the securities to be exchanged for the Creation Units would have certain adverse tax consequences to the applicable Fund.

 

53
 

 

Persons purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction.

 

Foreign Investments. Income received by a Fund from sources within foreign countries (including, for example, dividends or interest on stock or securities of non-U.S. issuers) may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties between such countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. If as of the end of a Fund’s taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consist of the securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may elect to permit shareholders who are U.S. citizens, resident aliens, or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their income tax returns for their pro rata portions of qualified taxes paid by the Fund during that taxable year to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities the Fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes. A shareholder’s ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the Fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholder not getting a full credit or deduction for the amount of such taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize on their federal income tax returns may claim a credit, but not a deduction, for such foreign taxes.

 

Back-Up Withholding. A Fund or your broker will be required to withhold (as “backup withholding”) on distributions paid to any shareholder, as well as the proceeds of any redemptions of Creation Units paid to a shareholder or Authorized Participant, who (i) fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number certified under penalty of perjury; (ii) is subject to withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report all payments of interest or dividends; (iii) fails to provide a certified statement that he, she, or it is not subject to “backup withholding;” or (iv) fails to provide a certified statement that he, she, or it is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is currently 24%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s ultimate U.S. tax liability.

 

Foreign Shareholders. Foreign shareholders (i.e., nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates) are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower tax treaty rate) on distributions derived from net investment income and short-term capital gains. A Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. A Fund may choose not to designate such amounts. Gains realized by foreign shareholders from the sale or other disposition of Shares of a Fund generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless the recipient is an individual who either (i) meets the Code’s definition of “resident alien” or (ii) is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a trade or business within the United States. In addition, the tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of a tax treaty may be different than those described above.

 

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The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) generally requires a Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders. If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA, a Fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on Fund dividends and distributions and redemption proceeds. Pursuant to recently proposed regulations, the Treasury Department has indicated its intent to eliminate the requirements under FATCA of withholding on gross proceeds from the sale, exchange, maturity or other disposition of relevant financial instruments (including redemption of shares of a RIC). The Treasury Department has indicated that taxpayers may rely on these proposed regulations pending their finalization. The Fund may disclose the information that it receives from (or concerning) its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA, related intergovernmental agreements or other applicable law or regulation. Each investor is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

 

In order for a foreign investor to qualify for an exemption from backup withholding, the foreign investor must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign investors in a Fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.

 

Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

Other Issues. A Fund may be subject to tax or taxes in certain states where the Fund does business. Furthermore, in those states which have income tax laws, the tax treatment of a Fund and of Fund shareholders with respect to distributions by the Fund may differ from federal income tax treatment.

 

Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors concerning their specific situations and the application of state, local and foreign taxes.

 

Financial Statements

 

The audited financial statements and related report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the Trust’s Annual Report, are hereby incorporated herein by reference. The financial statements of each Fund’s Subsidiary are consolidated with the relevant Fund’s financial statements in the Trust’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The audited financial statements in the Trust’s Annual Report have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. A copy of the Trust’s Annual Report may be obtained upon request and without charge by calling 844-GRN-TSHR (844-476-8747) during normal business hours. No other portions of the Fund’s Annual Report are incorporated herein by reference.

 

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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

  NYSE ARCA, INC.
TICKER SYMBOL
GraniteShares HIPS US High Income ETF HIPS

 

a series of GraniteShares ETF Trust (the “Trust”)

 

October 28, 2019

 

Investment Adviser:

GraniteShares Advisors LLC

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. With respect to the Trust’s series listed above, the SAI should be read in conjunction with the prospectus, dated October 28, 2019, as revised from time to time (the “Prospectus”). Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The audited financial statements and related report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the Trust’s Annual Report, are hereby incorporated herein by reference. The audited financial statements in the Trust’s Annual Report have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. No other portions of the Trust’s Annual Report are incorporated by reference in to this SAI. A copy of the Prospectus and the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports (when available) may be obtained without charge, by writing the Fund’s distributor, Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”), by visiting the Trust’s website at www.graniteshares.com, or by calling 844-GRN-TSHR (844-476-8747).

 

 
  

 

Table of Contents

 

  Page
   
General Information About The Trust 1
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES 1
Continuous Offering 4
Portfolio Holdings 4
Additional Information About Investment Objectives, Policies and Related Risks 6
Special Considerations and Risks 18
Exchange Listing and Trading 19
Management of the Trust 20
Ownership of Shares 26
Compensation of the Trustees and Officers 26
Codes of Ethics 26
Proxy Voting Policies 27
Investment Advisory and Other Services 27
The Portfolio Managers 28
The Distributor 30
The Administrator 32
The Custodian 32
The Transfer Agent 32
Legal Counsel 32
Description of Shares 32
Brokerage Transactions 33
Portfolio Turnover Rate 34
Book Entry only System 35
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 36
Purchase and Issuance of Shares In Creation Units 37
Determination of Net Asset Value 43
Dividends and Distributions 44
Federal Income Taxes 45
Financial Statements 51
APPENDIX A

 

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General Information About The Trust

 

The Trust is an open-end management investment company currently consisting of multiple investment series, of which the GraniteShares US High Income ETF (the “Fund”) is a series. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on November 7, 2016. The Trust is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the offering of the Fund’s shares (“Shares”) is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). GraniteShares Advisors LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund. The investment objective of the Fund is to seek to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the TFMS HIPS 300 Index (the “Index”).

 

The Fund offers and issues Shares at their net asset value (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares (each, a “Creation Unit”). Only “Authorized Participants” may purchase or redeem Shares directly from the Fund. An Authorized Participant is either (i) a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the National Securities Clearing Corporation or (ii) a Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participant and, in each case, must have executed a Participant Agreement (as defined below) with the Distributor. Most retail investors will not qualify as Authorized Participants or have the resources to buy and sell whole Creation Units. Therefore, they will be unable to purchase or redeem the Shares directly from the Fund. Rather, most retail investors will purchase Shares in the secondary market with the assistance of a broker and will be subject to customary brokerage commissions or fees. The Fund generally offers and issues Shares in exchange for a basket of financial instruments (“Deposit Securities”) together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (“Cash Component”). The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. The Shares are listed on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (“the “Exchange”) and trade on the Exchange at market prices. These prices may differ from the Shares’ NAV. The Shares are also redeemable only in Creation Unit aggregations, and generally in exchange for portfolio securities and a specified cash payment. A Creation Unit of the Fund consists of at least 50,000 Shares (“Creation Unit Aggregations”).

 

Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Trust an amount in cash at least equal to a specified percentage of the market value of the missing Deposit Securities as set forth in the Participant Agreement (as defined below). The Trust may impose a transaction fee for each creation or redemption (“Creation or Redemption Transaction Fee”). In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.

 

Investment Strategies

 

The Fund employs a “passive management”—or indexing—investment approach designed to track the performance of the Index. The rules-based Index measures the performance of up to 60 high income U.S.-listed securities that typically have “pass-through” structures that require them to distribute substantially all of their earnings to shareholders as cash distributions. This “high income, pass-through” strategy is known as HIPS.

 

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The Index

 

The Index is constructed to capture up to 60 high income securities, typically with pass-through structures, across the following sectors: (i) closed-end funds (“CEFs”), (ii) real estate investment trusts (“REITS”), (iii) asset management and business development companies (“BDCs”), and (iv) energy production and energy transportation and processing companies. Energy-related companies included in the Index are expected to primarily be structured as master limited partnerships (“MLPs”). CEFs included in the Index are option income funds and taxable, debt-based funds and may include CEFs that invest primarily in bank loans, high-yield securities (also known as “junk bonds”), foreign securities (including those in emerging markets), and mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

 

The Index applies a quantitative screen to the securities in such sectors for minimum market capitalizations and minimum liquidity thresholds. The Index then selects up to 15 securities with the highest yield and lowest volatility over a prescribed time period for each sector with all securities equally weighted. Finally, the Index adjusts the weights of each sector to minimize the Index volatility and maximize the Index return, as measured over a prescribed time period, subject to a minimum sector weight of 15% and a maximum MLP sector weight of 25%.The Index may include small-, mid-, and large-capitalization companies meeting the screening criteria.

 

The Index is reconstituted annually and rebalanced only if the MLP sector weight exceeds 25% at the end of a quarter.

 

The Fund’s Investment Strategy

 

The Fund attempts to invest all, or substantially all, of its assets in the securities that make up the HIPS Index. The Fund will generally use a “replication” strategy to achieve its investment objective, meaning it generally will invest in all of the component securities of the Index, but may, when the Adviser believes it is in the best interests of the Fund, use a “representative sampling” strategy, meaning it may invest in a sample of the securities in the Index whose risk, return and other characteristics are expected to closely resemble the risk, return and other characteristics of the Index as a whole.

 

The Fund generally may invest up to 20% of its total assets in securities not included in the Index, but which the Fund believes will help it track the Index. For example, the Fund may invest in securities that are not components of the Index to reflect various corporate actions and other changes to the Index (such as reconstitutions, additions and deletions). Under normal circumstances, as long as the Fund invests at least 80% of its assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending) in the component securities of the Index, it also may invest its other assets in cash and cash equivalents, as well as in shares of other investment companies, futures contracts, and swaps.

 

HIPS Benchmark Disclaimer

 

The Index Provider is Trust & Fiduciary Management Services, Inc. (“TFMS” or the “Index Provider”). TFMS is not affiliated with the Fund, the Adviser, the Fund’s administrator, custodian, transfer agent or distributor, or any of their respective affiliates. The Index Provider provides information to the Fund about the constituents of the Index and does not provide investment advice with respect to the desirability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities. GraniteShares Inc., the parent company of the Adviser, has entered into a licensing agreement with TFMS pursuant to which TFMS is entitled to a fee for the Adviser’s use the Index. GraniteShares Inc. is sub-licensing rights to the Index to the Fund at no charge.

 

The Index is calculated by S&P Opco, LLC (a subsidiary of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“S&P Dow Jones Indices”)), which is not affiliated with the Trust, the Adviser, the Fund’s administrator, custodian, transfer agent or distributor, or any of their respective affiliates.

 

 2 
  

 

Index/Trademark Licenses/Disclaimers

 

The Index is the exclusive property of TFMS, which has contracted with S&P Opco, LLC (a subsidiary of S&P Dow Jones Indices) to calculate and maintain the Index. The Index is not sponsored by S&P Dow Jones Indices or its affiliates or its third party licensors. Neither S&P Dow Jones Indices, nor any of their affiliates or third party licensors will be liable for any errors or omissions in calculating the Index. “Calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices” and the related stylized mark(s) are service marks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services, LLC (“SPFS”) and have been licensed for use by S&P Dow Jones Indices and sublicensed for certain purposes by TWM.

 

The Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by S&P Dow Jones Indices, SPFS, or any of their affiliates or third party licensors (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices Entities”). S&P Dow Jones Indices Entities do not make any representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the Fund or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly or the ability of the Index to track general market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices Entities’ only relationship to TFMS with respect to the Index is the licensing of the S&P 500, certain trademarks, service marks and trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices Entities, and the provision of the calculation and maintenance services related to the Index. S&P Dow Jones Indices Entities are not responsible for and have not participated in the determination of the prices and amount of the Fund or the timing of the issuance or sale of the Fund or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Fund may be converted into cash or other redemption mechanics. S&P Dow Jones Indices Entities have no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Fund. S&P Dow Jones Indices, LLC is not an investment advisor. Inclusion of a security within the Index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices Entities to buy, sell, or hold such security, nor is it investment advice.

 

S&P DOW JONES INDICES ENTITIES DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION WITH RESPECT THERETO, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL, WRITTEN OR ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS. S&P DOW JONES INDICES ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES ENTITIES MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY TWM, OWNERS OF THE FUND, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE INDEX OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES ENTITIES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE INDEX

 

The Index Provider is Trust & Fiduciary Management Services, Inc. (“TFMS” or the “Index Provider”). TFMS is not affiliated with the Fund, the Adviser, the Fund’s administrator, custodian, transfer agent or distributor, or any of their respective affiliates. The Index Provider provides information to the Fund about the constituents of the Index and does not provide investment advice with respect to the desirability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities. GraniteShares Inc., the parent company of the Adviser, has entered into a licensing agreement with TFMS pursuant to which TFMS is entitled to a fee for the Adviser’s use the Index. GraniteShares Inc. is sub-licensing rights to the Index to the Fund at no charge.

 

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The Index is calculated by S&P Opco, LLC (a subsidiary of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“S&P Dow Jones Indices”)), which is not affiliated with the Trust, the Adviser, the Fund’s administrator, custodian, transfer agent or distributor, or any of their respective affiliates.

 

Continuous Offering

 

The method by which Creation Unit Aggregations of Shares are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Unit Aggregations of Shares are issued and sold by the Fund on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the Securities Act.

 

For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Unit Aggregations after placing an order, breaks them down into constituent Shares, and sells such Shares directly to customers, or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter. Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in Shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of Shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to Shares of the Fund are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the Securities Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with respect to transactions on an exchange.

 

Portfolio Holdings

 

The Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has adopted a policy on disclosure of portfolio holdings, which it believes is in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. The policy provides that the Fund’s current portfolio holdings may not be selectively disclosed, except under the safeguards and circumstances provided in the policy or as otherwise required by state law or federal securities laws. The policy is designed to prevent the possible misuse of knowledge of the Fund’s portfolio holdings and to ensure that the interests of the Fund’s adviser, the Fund’s distributor, custodian, transfer agent, fund accountant and administrator, or any affiliated person of the Fund or the Fund’s service providers, are not placed above those of the Fund’s shareholders. As a general principal, the policy prohibits the Fund and any service provider to the Fund, including the adviser, from entering into any arrangement to receive any compensation or consideration, either directly or indirectly, in return for the disclosure of the Fund’s non-public portfolio holdings.

 

The Fund’s entire portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Fund is open for business through financial reporting and news services including publicly available internet websites. In addition, a basket composition file, which includes the security names and share quantities to deliver in exchange for Fund Shares, together with estimates and actual cash components, is publicly disseminated daily via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”). The basket represents one Creation Unit of the Fund.

 

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Other than as provided in the preceding paragraph, portfolio information of the Fund must be disclosed in a manner that: (a) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and is in the best interests of the Fund’s respective shareholders; (b) does not put the interests of the Fund’s service providers or any affiliated person of the Fund and its service providers above those of the Fund’s shareholders; (c) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain entities (as described below) may receive portfolio information in a format not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units; and (d) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and, to the extent appropriate, confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “entities” referred to in sub-section (c) are generally limited to NSCC members and subscribers to various fee -based subscription services, including Authorized Participants and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information services. This information may or may not reflect the pro rata composition of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “CCO”) may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings under additional circumstances when it is determined to be appropriate and doing so is reasonably likely not to harm the Fund or its shareholders.

 

Greater than daily access to information concerning the Fund’s portfolio holdings will be permitted (i) to certain personnel of the Fund’s service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other support to portfolio management, including Authorized Participants, and (ii) to other personnel of the Fund’s service providers who deal directly with, or assist in, functions related to investment management, administration, custody and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with the Trust’s exemptive order, agreements with the Fund, and the terms of the Trust’s current registration statement. From time to time, and in the ordinary course of business, such information may also be disclosed (i) to other entities that provide services to the Fund, including pricing information vendors, and third parties that deliver analytical, statistical or consulting services to the Fund and (ii) generally after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. The Trust seeks to avoid potential conflicts between the interests of the Fund’s shareholders and those of the Fund’s service providers and ensure that non-public portfolio holdings information is disclosed only when such disclosure is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Trust seeks to accomplish this by permitting such disclosure solely for the purpose of assisting the service provider in carrying out its designated responsibilities for the Fund.

 

A report will be made to the Board at the next quarterly meeting if disclosure of the Fund’s current portfolio holdings was authorized by the CCO, as discussed above, or outside the permissions of the policy. The policy is subject to periodic review by the Board. As part of the annual review of the Trust’s compliance policies and procedures, the CCO will report to the Board regarding the operation and effectiveness of the policy, including as to any changes to the policies and procedures that have been made or recommendations for future changes. The Board is responsible for approving or ratifying any amendment to the policy.

 

Portfolio holdings will be disclosed through required filings with the SEC. The Fund files its portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semiannual period) and, upon the effective date, the Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings information to the SEC using Form N-PORT within 30 days of the end of the month. Shareholders may obtain the Fund’s Forms N-CSR and N-PORT filings on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Form N-PORT is not required to be mailed to shareholders, but it is made public through the SEC’s electronic filings. Shareholders receive either complete portfolio holdings information or summaries of Fund portfolio holdings with their annual and semi-annual reports. In addition, the Fund’s Forms N-CSR and N-PORT filings may be reviewed on the SEC’s website.

 

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Additional Information About Investment
Objectives, Policies and Related Risks

 

The Fund’s investment objectives and principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus. For a description of certain permitted investments, see “Description of Permitted Investments” in this SAI.

 

With respect to the Fund’s investments, unless otherwise noted, if a percentage limitation on investment is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a subsequent increase or decrease as a result of market movement or redemption will not result in a violation of such investment limitation.

 

Diversification

 

The Fund is “diversified” within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Under applicable federal laws, to qualify as a diversified fund, the Fund, with respect to 75% of its total assets, may not invest greater than 5% of its total assets in any one issuer and may not hold greater than 10% of the securities of one issuer, other than cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, and securities of other investment companies. The remaining 25% of the Fund’s total assets does not need to be “diversified” and may be invested in securities of a single issuer, subject to other applicable laws. The diversification of a fund’s holdings is measured at the time the fund purchases a security. However, if a fund purchases a security and holds it for a period of time, the security may become a larger percentage of the fund’s total assets due to movements in the financial markets. If the market affects several securities held by a fund, the fund may have a greater percentage of its assets invested in securities of fewer issuers.

 

Description Of Permitted Investments

 

The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices for the Fund and the associated risk factors. The Fund will only invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices if such investment or activity is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted by the Fund’s stated investment policies.

 

Business Development Companies (“BDCs”)

 

The Fund may invest in BDCs. A BDC is a less common type of closed-end investment company that more closely resembles an operating company than a typical investment company. BDCs generally focus on investing in, and providing managerial assistance to, small, developing, financially troubled, private companies or other companies that may have value that can be realized over time and with management assistance. Similar to an operating company, a BDC’s total annual operating expense ratio typically reflects all of the operating expenses incurred by the BDC, and is generally greater than the total annual operating expense ratio of a mutual fund that does not bear the same types of operating expenses. However, as a shareholder of a BDC, the Fund does not directly pay for a portion of all of the operating expenses of the BDC, just as a shareholder of computer manufacturer does not directly pay for the cost of labor associated with producing such computers. As a result, the fees and expenses of the Fund will be effectively overstated by an amount equal to the “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.” Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not included as an operating expense of the Fund in the Fund’s financial statements, which more accurately reflect the Fund’s actual operating expenses.

 

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BDCs invest in private companies and thinly traded securities of public companies, including debt instruments of such companies. Generally, little public information exists for private and thinly traded companies and there is a risk that investors may not be able to make fully informed investment decisions. Less mature and smaller private companies involve greater risk than well-established and larger publicly-traded companies. Investing in debt involves risk that the issuer may default on its payments or declare bankruptcy and debt may not be rated by a credit rating agency. Many debt investments in which a BDC may invest will not be rated by a credit rating agency and will be below investment grade quality. These investments have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to an issuer’s capacity to make payments of interest and principal. BDCs may not generate income at all times. Additionally, limitations on asset mix and leverage may prohibit the way that BDCs raise capital. The Fund and its affiliates may not own in excess of 25% of a BDC’s outstanding voting securities which may limit the Fund’s ability to fully replicate its index.

 

BDCs are regulated under the 1940 Act and are taxed as regulated investment companies under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). BDCs realize operating income when their investments are sold off, and therefore maintain complex organizational, operational, tax and compliance requirements. For federal income tax purposes, BDCs generally intend to qualify for taxation as regulated investment companies. To so qualify, BDCs must satisfy certain asset diversification and source of income tests and must generally distribute at least 90% of their taxable earnings as dividends. Under the 1940 Act, BDCs are also required to invest at least 70% of their total assets primarily in securities of private companies or thinly traded U.S. public companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and high quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. Generally, little public information exists for private and thinly traded companies and there is a risk that investors may not be able to make a fully informed decision. Additionally, a BDC may only incur indebtedness in amounts such that the BDC’s asset coverage equals at least 200% after such incurrence. These limitations on asset mix and leverage may prohibit the way that the BDC raises capital.

 

Equity Securities

 

Equity securities, such as the common stocks of an issuer, are subject to stock market fluctuations and therefore may experience volatile changes in value as market conditions, consumer sentiment or the financial condition of the issuers change. A decrease in value of the equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio may also cause the value of the Fund’s Shares to decline.

 

An investment in the Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of the stock market may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities and therefore a decrease in the value of Shares of the Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic or banking crises.

 

Holders of common stocks incur more risk than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders, as owners of the issuer, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from the issuer in comparison with the rights of creditors or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (whose value, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior thereto), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity. Common stock values are subject to market fluctuations as long as the common stock remains outstanding.

 

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When-Issued Securities: A when-issued security is one whose terms are available and for which a market exists, but which has not been issued. When the Fund engages in when-issued transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the sale. If the other party fails to complete the sale, the Fund may miss the opportunity to obtain the security at a favorable price or yield.

 

When purchasing a security on a when-issued basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield changes. At the time of settlement, the value of the security may be more or less than the purchase price. The yield available in the market when the delivery takes place also may be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself. Because the Fund does not pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with its other investments.

 

Decisions to enter into “when-issued” transactions will be considered on a case-by-case basis when necessary to maintain continuity in a company’s index membership. The Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities equal in value to commitments for the when-issued transactions. The Fund will segregate additional liquid assets daily so that the value of such assets is equal to the amount of the commitments.

 

Types of Equity Securities:

 

Common Stocks: Common stocks represent units of ownership in a company. Common stocks usually carry voting rights and earn dividends. Unlike preferred stocks, which are described below, dividends on common stocks are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the company’s board of directors.

 

Preferred Stocks: Preferred stocks are also units of ownership in a company. Preferred stocks normally have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of the company. However, in all other respects, preferred stocks are subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer. Unlike common stocks, preferred stocks are generally not entitled to vote on corporate matters. Types of preferred stocks include adjustable-rate preferred stock, fixed dividend preferred stock, perpetual preferred stock, and sinking fund preferred stock.

 

Generally, the market values of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element vary inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk.

 

Rights and Warrants: A right is a privilege granted to existing shareholders of a corporation to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life of usually two to four weeks, are freely transferable and entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price. Warrants are freely transferable and are traded on major exchanges. Unlike rights, warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitles the holder to buy common stock of a company at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.

 

An investment in warrants and rights may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, rights and warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. Investing in rights and warrants increases the potential profit or loss to be realized from the investment as compared with investing the same amount in the underlying securities.

 

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Fixed Income Securities

 

The Fund may invest in closed-end funds (“CEFs”) that invest in fixed income securities, such as corporate debt and bonds, or invest in fixed income securities directly. Fixed income securities change in value in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as the perception of the issuer’s creditworthiness. For example, the value of fixed income securities will generally decrease when interest rates rise, which may cause the value of the investing CEF, and the Fund, to decrease. In addition, investments in fixed income securities with longer maturities will fluctuate more in response to interest rate changes.

 

Fixed income securities include a broad array of short-, medium-, and long-term obligations issued by the U.S. or foreign governments, government or international agencies and instrumentalities, and corporate and private issuers of various types. The maturity date is the date on which a fixed income security matures. This is the date on which the borrower must pay back the borrowed amount, which is known as the principal. Some fixed income securities represent uncollateralized obligations of their issuers; in other cases, the securities may be backed by specific assets (such as mortgages or other receivables) that have been set aside as collateral for the issuer’s obligation. Fixed income securities generally involve an obligation of the issuer to pay interest or dividends on either a current basis or at the maturity of the security, as well as the obligation to repay the principal amount of the security at maturity. The rate of interest on fixed income securities may be fixed, floating, or variable. Some securities pay a higher interest rate than the current market rate. An investor may have to pay more than the security’s principal to compensate the seller for the value of the higher interest rate. This additional payment is a premium.

 

Fixed income securities are subject to credit risk, market risk, and interest rate risk. Except to the extent values are affected by other factors such as developments relating to a specific issuer, generally the value of a fixed income security can be expected to rise when interest rates decline and, conversely, the value of such a security can be expected to fall when interest rates rise. Some fixed income securities also involve prepayment or call risk. This is the risk that the issuer will repay the Fund the principal on the security before it is due, thus depriving the Fund of a favorable stream of future interest or dividend payments. The Fund could buy another security, but that other security might pay a lower interest rate. In addition, many fixed income securities contain call or buy-back features that permit their issuers to call or repurchase the securities from their holders. Such securities may present risks based on payment expectations. Although the Fund would typically receive a premium if an issuer were to redeem a security, if an issuer were to exercise a call option and redeem the security during times of declining interest rates, the Fund may realize a capital loss on its investment if the security was purchased at a premium and the Fund may be forced to replace the called security with a lower yielding security.

 

Changes by nationally recognized securities rating organizations (“NRSROs”) in their ratings of any fixed income security or the issuer of a fixed income security and changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of portfolio securities generally will not affect income derived from these securities, but will affect the Fund’s NAV.

 

Duration is an estimate of how much a bond’s price will fluctuate in response to a change in interest rates. In general, the value of a fixed income security with positive duration will generally decline if interest rates increase, whereas the value of a security with negative duration will generally decline if interest rates decrease. If interest rates rise by one percentage point, the price of debt securities with an average duration of five years would be expected to decline by about 5%. If rates decrease by a percentage point, the price of debt securities with an average duration of five years would be expected to rise by about 5%. The greater the duration of a bond (whether positive or negative), the greater its percentage price volatility. Only a pure discount bond – that is, one with no coupon or sinking-fund payments – has a duration equal to the remaining maturity of the bond, because only in this case does the present value of the final redemption payment represent the entirety of the present value of the bond. For all other bonds, duration is less than maturity.

 

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High Yield and Unrated Securities

 

The Fund may invest in CEFs that invest in high yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality (commonly known as “junk bonds”). High yield securities generally pay higher yields (greater income) than investment in higher quality securities; however, high yield securities may be subject to greater levels of interest rate, credit and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in such securities, and are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments. Successful investment in high yield securities and unrated securities of similar quality involves greater investment risk and is highly dependent on the applicable investment adviser’s credit analysis. The value of these securities often fluctuates in response to company, political or economic developments and declines significantly over short periods of time or during periods of general economic difficulty. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these securities and reduce the ability to sell these securities (liquidity risk). These securities can also be thinly traded or have restrictions on resale, making them difficult to sell at an acceptable price. Because objective pricing data may be less available, judgment may play a greater role in the valuation process. If the issuer of a security is in default with respect to interest or principal payments, the investing CEF may lose its entire investment.

 

Illiquid Securities

 

The Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets. The inability of the Fund to dispose of illiquid or not readily marketable investments readily or at a reasonable price could impair the Fund’s ability to raise cash for redemptions or other purposes. The liquidity of securities purchased by the Fund which are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A, except for certain 144A bonds, will be monitored by the Fund on an ongoing basis. In the event that such a security is deemed to be no longer liquid, the Fund’s holdings will be reviewed to determine what action, if any, is required to ensure that the retention of such security does not result in the Fund having more than 15% of its net assets invested in illiquid or not readily marketable securities.

 

Investment Company Securities

 

The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including CEFs, BDCs and money market funds, subject to applicable limitations under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1), the Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the “acquired company”) provided that the Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate: (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company; (ii) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (iii) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies (other than treasury stock of the Fund) having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, the Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds in excess of the limits discussed above.

 

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If the Fund invests in and, thus, is a shareholder of, another investment company, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by such other investment company, including advisory fees, in addition to both the management fees payable directly by the Fund to the Fund’s own investment adviser and the other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with the Fund’s own operations.

 

Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in securities of other registered investment companies, including the Fund. The acquisition of the Fund’s Shares by registered investment companies is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as may be permitted by exemptive rules under the 1940 Act or as may at some future time be permitted by an exemptive order that permits registered investment companies to invest in the Fund beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company enter into an agreement with the Fund regarding the terms of the investment.

 

The Fund may rely on Section 12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 of the 1940 Act, which provide an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest all of its assets in other registered funds, including ETFs, if, among other conditions: (a) the Fund, together with its affiliates, acquires no more than three percent of the outstanding voting stock of any acquired fund, and (b) the sales load charged on the Fund’s Shares is no greater than the limits set forth in Rule 2830 of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).

 

Investment in Loans

 

The Fund may invest in CEFs that invest in loans, such as syndicated bank loans, senior floating rate loans, secured and unsecured loans, second lien or more junior loans, bridge loans and unfunded commitments. Such loans may incur some of the same risks as other debt securities, such as prepayment risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and risks found with high yield securities. Although some loans are secured by collateral, the collateral may be difficult to liquidate and the value of the collateral can decline or be insufficient to meet the obligation of the borrower. A CEF investing in loans could also have its interest subordinated to other indebtedness of the obligor. As a result, a loan may not be fully collateralized and can decline significantly in value, which may result in the CEF not receiving payments to which it is entitled.

 

Loans may offer a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. Loans may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much or as fast as interest rates in general.

 

Loans are subject to the risk that the scheduled interest or principal payments will not be paid. Lower-rated loans and debt securities (those of less than investment grade quality), involve greater risk of default on interest and principal payments than higher-rated loans and securities. In the event that a non-payment occurs, the value of that obligation likely will decline. Debt securities rated below “BBB” category by S&P or “Baa” category by Moody’s are considered to have speculative characteristics and are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” Junk bonds entail default and other risks greater than those associated with higher-rated securities.

 

Loans are vulnerable to market sentiment such that economic conditions or other events may reduce the demand for loans and cause their value to decline rapidly and unpredictably. Furthermore, while the resale, or secondary, market for loans is growing, it is currently limited. There is no organized exchange or board of trade on which loans are traded. Loans often trade in large denominations (typically $1 million and higher), and trades can be infrequent. The market has limited transparency so that information about actual trades may be difficult to obtain. Accordingly, some of the loans in which a CEF may invest will be relatively illiquid. Certain loans may be subject to restrictions on resale or assignment. A CEF may have difficulty in disposing of loans in a timely fashion, which could result in losses to the CEF and the value of the Fund’s investment in such CEF.

 

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Loans may be issued in connection with highly leveraged transactions, such as restructurings, leveraged buyouts, leveraged recapitalizations and other types of acquisition financing. In such highly leveraged transactions, the borrower assumes large amounts of debt in order to have the financial resources to attempt to achieve its business objectives. As such, such loans may be part of highly leveraged transactions and involve a significant risk that the borrower may default or go into bankruptcy.

 

The Fund and any CEF in which it invests values its assets daily. However, because the secondary market for loans is limited, they may be difficult to value. Market quotations may not be readily available for some loans or may be volatile and/or subject to large spreads between bid and ask prices, and valuation may require more research than for other securities. In addition, elements of judgment may play a greater role in valuation than for securities with a more active secondary market, because there is less reliable, objective market value data available.

 

CEF investing in loans may be in possession of material non-public information about a borrower as a result of its ownership of a loan and/or corporate debt security of a borrower. Because U.S. laws and regulations generally prohibit trading in securities of issuers while in possession of material, non-public information, the CEF might be unable to trade securities of such a borrower when it would otherwise be advantageous to do so and, as such, could incur a loss, which may reduce the value of the Fund’s investment in such CEF.

 

Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPS”)

 

MLPs are limited partnerships in which the ownership units are publicly traded. MLP units are registered with the SEC and are freely traded on a securities exchange or in the OTC market. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to real estate development and oil and gas industries, but they also may finance motion pictures, research and development and other projects. Generally, a MLP is operated under the supervision of one or more managing general partners. Limited partners are not involved in the day-to-day management of the partnership.

 

The risks of investing in a MLP are generally those involved in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is often less restrictive than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded investors in a MLP than investors in a corporation. Additional risks involved with investing in a MLP are risks associated with the specific industry or industries in which the partnership invests, such as the risks of investing in real estate, or oil and gas industries.

 

MLPs are generally treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. When the Fund invests in the equity securities of an MLP or any other entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund will be treated as a partner in the entity for tax purposes. Accordingly, in calculating the Fund’s taxable income, it will be required to take into account its allocable share of the income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits recognized by each such entity, regardless of whether the entity distributes cash to the Fund. Distributions from such an entity to the Fund are not generally taxable unless the cash amount (or, in certain cases, the fair market value of marketable securities) distributed to the Fund exceeds the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in its interest in the entity. In general, the Fund’s allocable share of such an entity’s net income will increase the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in its interest in the entity, and distributions to the Fund from such an entity and the Fund’s allocable share of the entity’s net losses will decrease the Fund’s adjusted basis in its interest in the entity, but not below zero. The Fund may receive cash distributions from such an entity in excess of the net amount of taxable income the Fund is allocated from its investment in the entity. In other circumstances, the net amount of taxable income the Fund is allocated from its investment in such an entity may exceed cash distributions received from the entity. Thus, the Fund’s investments in such an entity may lead the Fund to make distributions in excess of its earnings and profits, or the Fund may be required to sell investments, including when not otherwise advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code.

 

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Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to the Fund from any investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce the Fund’s taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in the Fund’s income in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to the Fund’s shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the Fund at the time the deductions were taken, and even though those shareholders may not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. In order to distribute recapture income or to fund redemption requests, the Fund may need to liquidate investments, which may lead to additional taxable income.

 

Money Market Instruments

 

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in high-quality money market instruments on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. The instruments in which the Fund may invest include: (i) short-term obligations issued by the U.S. Government; (ii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), fixed time deposits and bankers’ acceptances of U.S. and foreign banks and similar institutions; (iii) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase “Prime-1” by Moody’s or “A-1+” or “A-1” by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or, if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Fund; and (iv) repurchase agreements. CDs are short-term negotiable obligations of commercial banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Banker’s acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.

 

Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities

 

The Fund may invest in CEFs that invest in mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities are mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, or issued by nongovernment entities. Mortgage-related securities represent ownership in pools of mortgage loans assembled for sale to investors by various government agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) and government-related organizations such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), as well as by nongovernment issuers such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers and private mortgage insurance companies. Although certain mortgage-related securities are guaranteed by a third party or otherwise similarly secured, the market value of the security, which may fluctuate, is not so secured. These securities differ from conventional bonds in that the principal is paid back to the investor as payments are made on the underlying mortgages in the pool. Accordingly, the investing CEF receives monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest along with any unscheduled principal prepayments on the underlying mortgages. Because these scheduled and unscheduled principal payments must be reinvested at prevailing interest rates, mortgage-backed securities do not provide an effective means of locking in long-term interest rates for the investor.

 

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In addition, there are a number of important differences among the agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government that issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities they issue. Mortgage-related securities issued by GNMA include GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as Ginnie Maes) which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest. That guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. GNMA is a corporation wholly owned by the U.S. government within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Mortgage-related securities issued by FNMA include FNMA Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as Fannie Maes) and are guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by FNMA itself and backed by a line of credit with the U.S. Treasury. FNMA is a government-sponsored entity wholly owned by public stockholders. Mortgage-related securities issued by FHLMC include FHLMC Mortgage Participation Certificates (also known as Freddie Macs) guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by FHLMC itself and backed by a line of credit with the U.S. Treasury. FHLMC is a government-sponsored entity wholly owned by public stockholders.

 

In September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) placed FNMA and FHLMC into conservatorship, and FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC. The U.S. Treasury entered into a Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with each of FNMA and FHLMC pursuant to which the U.S. Treasury will disburse up to an aggregate of $200 billion to each of FNMA and FHLMC to maintain a positive net worth in each enterprise; this agreement contains various covenants that severely limit each enterprise’s operation. The U.S. Treasury also announced the creation of a new secured lending facility that is available to FNMA and FHLMC as a liquidity backstop and announced the creation of a temporary program to purchase mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC. FHFA has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to FHFA’s appointment if FHFA determines that performance of the contract is burdensome and the repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. FHFA has indicated that it has no intention to repudiate the guaranty obligations of FNMA or FHLMC. FHFA also has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent, although FHFA has stated that is has no present intention to do so. In addition, holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC may not enforce certain rights related to such securities against FHFA, or the enforcement of such rights may be delayed, during the conservatorship. While the actions of the U.S. Treasury are intended to support the operations of FNMA and FHLMC, there is no guarantee that such actions will be successful. Furthermore, the U.S. Congress has recently considered proposals to wind down or restructure the operations of both FNMA and FHLMC. The passage of any such proposal has the potential to impact the value of securities issued by FNMA or FHLMC, which could adversely affect the investing CEF.

 

Asset-backed securities are structured like mortgage-backed securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include such items as motor vehicle installment sales contracts or installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, and receivables from credit card agreements and from sales of personal property. Regular payments received on asset-backed securities include both interest and principal. Asset-backed securities typically have no U.S. government backing. Additionally, the ability of an issuer of asset-backed securities to enforce its security interest in the underlying assets may be limited.

 

If the investing CEF purchases a mortgage-backed or other asset-backed security at a premium, the premium may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments in the underlying collateral. As with other interest-bearing securities, the prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates. Although the value of a mortgage-backed or other asset-backed security may decline when interest rates rise, the converse is not necessarily true, since in periods of declining interest rates the mortgages and loans underlying the securities are prone to prepayment, thereby shortening the average life of the security and shortening the period of time over which income at the higher rate is received. When interest rates are rising, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the period of time over which income at the lower rate is received. For these and other reasons, a mortgage-backed or other asset-backed security’s average maturity may be shortened or lengthened as a result of interest rate fluctuations and, therefore, it is not possible to predict accurately the security’s return. In addition, while the trading market for short-term mortgages and asset-backed securities is ordinarily quite liquid, in times of financial stress the trading market for these securities may become restricted.

 

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Non-U.S. Securities

 

The Fund may invest in CEFs that invest in non-U.S. securities. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present in investments in U.S. securities. For example, non-U.S. securities may be subject to currency risks or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and a foreign issuer may or may not be subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those in the U.S. Investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. Other risks of investing in such securities include political or economic instability in the country involved, the difficulty of predicting international trade patterns and the possibility of imposition of exchange controls. The prices of such securities may be more volatile than those of domestic securities. With respect to certain foreign countries, there is a possibility of expropriation of assets or nationalization, imposition of withholding taxes on dividend or interest payments, difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against foreign entities or diplomatic developments which could affect investment in these countries. Losses and other expenses may be incurred in converting between various currencies in connection with purchases and sales of foreign securities. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares. Conversely, Shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed. Each of these factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

 

Investments in Emerging Markets: The Fund may invest in CEFs that invest in emerging market securities. Investments in securities listed and traded in emerging markets are subject to additional risks that may not be present for U.S. investments or investments in more developed non-U.S. markets. Such risks may include: (i) greater market volatility, (ii) lower trading volume, (iii) greater social, political and economic uncertainty, (iv) governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital, (v) the risk that companies may be held to lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards than companies in more developed markets, and (vi) the risk that there may be less protection of property rights than in other countries. Emerging markets are generally less liquid and less efficient than developed securities markets.

 

Investments in Europe: Most developed countries in Western Europe are members of the European Union (EU), and many are also members of the European Monetary Union (EMU), which requires compliance with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, and debt levels. Unemployment in certain European nations is historically high and several countries face significant debt problems. These conditions can significantly affect every European country and their economic partners. The euro is the official currency of the European Union (EU). The Fund’s investments in Europe may have significant exposure to the euro and events affecting the euro. Recent market events affecting several of the EU member countries have adversely affected the sovereign debt issued by those countries, and ultimately may lead to a decline in the value of the euro. A significant decline in the value of the euro may produce unpredictable effects on trade and commerce generally and could lead to increased volatility in financial markets worldwide. In June 2016, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) voted to withdraw from the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit.” The impact of Brexit is so far uncertain. The effect on the UK’s economy will likely depend on the nature of trade relations with the EU following its exit, a matter to be negotiated. The decision may cause increased volatility and have a significant adverse impact on world financial markets, other international trade agreements, and the UK and European economies, as well as the broader global economy for some time. Additional EU members could decide to abandon the euro and also withdraw from the EU, which could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments.

 

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Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”)

 

A REIT is a corporation or business trust (that would otherwise be taxed as a corporation) which meets the definitional requirements of the Code. The Code permits a qualifying REIT to deduct from taxable income the dividends paid, thereby effectively eliminating corporate level federal income tax. To meet the definitional requirements of the Code, a REIT must, among other things: invest substantially all of its assets in interests in real estate (including mortgages and other REITs), cash and government securities; derive most of its income from rents from real property or interest on loans secured by mortgages on real property; and, in general, distribute annually 90% or more of its taxable income (other than net capital gains) to shareholders.

 

REITs are sometimes informally characterized as Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. An Equity REIT invests primarily in the fee ownership or leasehold ownership of land and buildings (e.g., commercial equity REITs and residential equity REITs); a Mortgage REIT invests primarily in mortgages on real property, which may secure construction, development or long-term loans.

 

REITs may be affected by changes in underlying real estate values, which may have an exaggerated effect to the extent that REITs in which the Fund invests may concentrate investments in particular geographic regions or property types. Additionally, rising interest rates may cause investors in REITs to demand a higher annual yield from future distributions, which may in turn decrease market prices for equity securities issued by REITs. Rising interest rates also generally increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could cause the value of the Fund’s investments to decline. During periods of declining interest rates, certain Mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay, which prepayment may diminish the yield on securities issued by such Mortgage REITs. In addition, Mortgage REITs may be affected by the ability of borrowers to repay when due the debt extended by the REIT and Equity REITs may be affected by the ability of tenants to pay rent.

 

Certain REITs have relatively small market capitalization, which may tend to increase the volatility of the market price of securities issued by such REITs. Furthermore, REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. By investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, a shareholder will bear not only his or her proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of the REITs. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cashflow to make distributions to shareholders.

 

In addition to these risks, Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while Mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, Equity and Mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. Equity and Mortgage REITs are also subject to heavy cashflow dependency defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, Equity and Mortgage REITs could possibly fail to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally available to REITs under the Code or fail to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments.

 

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Tracking Stocks

 

The Fund may invest in tracking stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and which is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.

 

Investment Restrictions

 

The Trust has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies with respect to the Fund. These restrictions cannot be changed with respect to the Fund without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. For the purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of outstanding shares” means the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.

 

Except with the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, the Fund may not:

 

1.Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its total assets) in any industry or group of related industries, except that the Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that the Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of related industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.

 

2.Borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined under the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

3.Lend any security or make any other loan except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

4.Purchase or sell commodities or real estate, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

5.Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

6.With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase the securities of any one issuer if, immediately after and as a result of such purchase, (a) the value of the Fund’s holdings in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets, or (b) the Fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer (with the exception that this restriction does not apply to the Fund’s investments in the securities of the U.S. Government, or its agencies or instrumentalities, or other investment companies).

 

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In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies as set forth above, the Fund observes the following restrictions, which may be changed without a shareholder vote.

 

1.The Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. An illiquid asset is any asset that may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the investment.

 

2.The Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its total assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending) in the component securities of the Index.

 

The investment objective of the Fund is a non-fundamental policy that can be changed by the Board without approval by shareholders.

 

If a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or total or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction, except that the percentage limitations with respect to the borrowing of money and illiquid securities will be observed continuously.

 

During times of adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Fund may depart temporarily from its principal investment strategies (such as by maintaining a significant uninvested cash position) for defensive purposes. Doing so could help the Fund avoid losses, but may mean lost investment opportunities. During these periods, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Special Considerations and Risks

 

A discussion of the risks associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus.

 

General

 

Investment in the Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio investments may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers thereof, the value of financial instruments generally and other factors. An investment in the Fund should also be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in securities and derivatives, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of the securities and derivatives markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio investments and thus in the value of Shares). Securities are susceptible to general market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.

 

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Cyber Security

 

The Fund, its service providers, the Exchange, and Authorized Participants are susceptible to cyber security risks that include, among other things, theft, unauthorized monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential and highly restricted data; denial of service attacks; unauthorized access to relevant systems, compromises to networks or devices that the Fund and its service providers use to service the Fund’s operations; or operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. Cyber attacks against or security breakdowns of the Fund, their service providers, the Exchange, or Authorized Participants may adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses; the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the Fund to process transactions; inability to calculate the Fund’s NAVs; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs; and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund may incur additional costs for cyber security risk management and remediation purposes. In addition, cyber security risks may also impact issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which may cause the Fund’s investment in such issuers to lose value. There can be no assurance that the Fund, their service providers, the Exchange, or Authorized Participants will not suffer losses relating to cyber attacks or other information security breaches in the future.

 

Tax Risks

 

As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares of the Fund will be taxed. The federal income tax information in the Prospectus and this SAI is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares of the Fund.

 

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Fund makes distributions or you sell Shares.

 

Exchange Listing and Trading

 

A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the summary section of the Fund’s Prospectus under the “PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES” and in the statutory Prospectus under “BUYING AND SELLING SHARES.” The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, such sections of the Prospectus.

 

The Shares of the Fund are approved for listing and trading on the Exchange, subject to notice of issuance. The Shares trade on the Exchange at prices that may differ to some degree from their net asset value. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares of the Fund will continue to be met.

 

The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the Shares of the Fund from listing if: (i) following the initial twelve- month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial holders of the Shares for 30 or more consecutive trading days; (ii) the value of its Benchmark or portfolio of securities on which the Fund is based is no longer calculated or available; (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available; or (iv) such other event shall occur or condition exists that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. In addition, the Exchange will remove the Fund’s Shares from listing and trading upon termination of the Trust or the Fund.

 

The Exchange or market data vendors or other information providers will disseminate, every fifteen seconds during the regular trading day, an IOPV relating to the Fund. The IOPV calculations are estimates of the value of the Fund’s net asset value per Share using market data converted into U.S. dollars at the current currency rates. The IOPV price is based on quotes and closing prices from the securities local market and may not reflect events that occur subsequent to the local market’s close. Premiums and discounts between the IOPV and the market price may occur. This should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV per Share of the Fund, which is calculated only once a day. Neither the Fund or the Adviser, nor any of their affiliates is involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of such IOPVs and make no warranty as to their accuracy.

 

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The Trust reserves the right to adjust the Share price of the Fund in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.

 

As in the case of other publicly traded securities, brokers’ commissions on transactions will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.

 

The base and trading currencies of the Fund is the U.S. dollar. The base currency is the currency in which the Fund’s NAV per Share is calculated and the trading currency is the currency in which Shares of the Fund are listed and traded on the Exchange.

 

There can be no assurance that the Fund will continue to meet the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares. The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the Shares from listing if: (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning at the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of the Shares for 30 or more consecutive trading days; (ii) the value of the Fund’s Index no longer is calculated or available; or (iii) such other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. The Exchange will remove the Shares from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.

 

The Trust reserves the right to adjust the price levels of the Shares in the future to help maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.

 

To provide additional information regarding the indicative value of Shares, the Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association or other widely disseminated means an updated “intraday indicative value” (“IIV”) for the Fund as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IIVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IIVs

 

Management of the Trust

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Fund Management.”

 

Trustees and Officers of the Trust

 

Board Responsibilities: The management and affairs of the Trust and the Fund described in this SAI are overseen by the Board. The Board elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the day-to-day operations of the Trust and the Fund. The Board has approved contracts, as described below, under which certain companies provide essential services to the Trust.

 

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Like most registered investment companies, the day-to-day business of the Trust, including the management of risk, is performed by third party service providers, such as the Adviser, or the Administrator (as defined below). The Board is responsible for overseeing the Trust’s service providers and, thus, has oversight responsibility with respect to risk management performed by those service providers. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of a Fund. The Fund and its service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various of those possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Each service provider is responsible for one or more discrete aspects of the Trust’s business (e.g., the Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio investments) and, consequently, for managing the risks associated with that business. The Board has emphasized to the Fund’s service providers the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management.

 

The role of the members of the Board (the “Trustees”) in risk oversight begins before the inception of a Fund, at which time certain of the Fund’s service providers present the Board with information concerning the investment objectives, strategies and risks of the Fund as well as proposed investment limitations for the Fund. Additionally, the Fund’s Adviser provides the Board with an overview of, among other things, its investment philosophy, brokerage practices and compliance infrastructure.

 

Thereafter, the Board continues its oversight function as various personnel, including the CCO, as well as personnel of the Adviser and other service providers such as the Fund’s independent accountants, make periodic reports to the Audit Committee or to the Board with respect to various aspects of risk management. The Board and the Audit Committee oversee efforts by management and service providers to manage risks to which the Fund may be exposed.

 

The Board is responsible for overseeing the nature, extent and quality of the services provided to the Fund by the Adviser and receives information about those services at its regular meetings. In addition, on an annual basis, in connection with its consideration of whether to renew the Fund’s investment advisory agreements with the Adviser, the Board meets with the Adviser to review such services. Among other things, the Board regularly considers the Adviser’s adherence to the Fund’s investment restrictions and compliance with various Fund policies and procedures and with applicable securities regulations. The Board also reviews information about the Fund’s performance and the Fund’s investments, including, for example, portfolio holdings schedules.

 

The CCO reports regularly to the Board to review and discuss compliance issues and Fund and Adviser risk assessments. At least annually, the CCO provides the Board with a report reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust’s policies and procedures and those of its service providers, including the Adviser. The report addresses the operation of the policies and procedures of the Trust and each service provider since the date of the last report; any material changes to the policies and procedures since the date of the last report; any recommendations for material changes to the policies and procedures; and any material compliance matters since the date of the last report.

 

The Board receives reports from the Fund’s service providers regarding operational risks and risks related to the valuation and liquidity of portfolio securities. The Board has also established a Valuation Committee that is responsible for implementing the Trust’s valuation procedures and providing reports to the Board concerning investments for which market quotations are not readily available. Annually, the independent registered public accounting firm reviews with the Audit Committee its audit of the Fund’s financial statements, focusing on major areas of risk encountered by the Fund and noting any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the Fund’s internal controls. Additionally, in connection with its oversight function, the Board oversees Fund management’s implementation of disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust in its periodic reports with the SEC are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the required time periods. The Board also oversees the Trust’s internal controls over financial reporting, which comprise policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Trust’s financial reporting and the preparation of the Trust’s financial statements.

 

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From their review of these reports and discussions with the Adviser, the CCO, the independent registered public accounting firm and other service providers, the Board and the Audit Committee learn in detail about the material risks of the Fund, thereby facilitating a dialogue about how management and service providers identify and mitigate those risks.

 

The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of the Fund’s investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Adviser and other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Fund’s and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.

 

Members of the Board and Officers:

 

There are three members of the Board, two of whom are not interested persons of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”). William Rhind, an interested person of the Trust, serves as Chairman of the Board. The Trust does not have a lead Independent Trustee. The Board is comprised of 66% Independent Trustees. There is an Audit Committee of the Board that is chaired by an Independent Trustee and comprised solely of Independent Trustees. The Audit Committee chair presides at the Audit Committee meetings, participates in formulating agendas for Audit Committee meetings, and coordinates with management to serve as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and management on matters within the scope of responsibilities of the Audit Committee as set forth in its Board-approved charter. Because of the ease of communication arising from the relatively small size of the Board and the small number of Independent Trustees, the Board has determined not to designate a lead Independent Trustee at this time.

 

The Trust has determined its leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Trust made this determination in consideration of, among other things, the fact that the Independent Trustees constitute 66% of the Board, the number of Independent Trustees that constitute the Board, the amount of assets under management in the Trust, and the number of funds overseen by the Board. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from Fund management.

 

The Board of Trustees has three standing committees: the Audit Committee, Nominating Committee and Valuation Committee. The Audit Committee and Nominating Committee are chaired by an Independent Trustee and composed of the Independent Trustees.

 

Set forth below are the names, birth years, positions with the Trust, length of term of office, the number of portfolios in the Fund Complex (defined below) overseen, and the principal occupations and other directorships held during at least the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as a Trustee, as well as information about each officer of the Trust. The business address of each Trustee and officer of the Trust is 205 Hudson Street, 7th Floor, New York, New York 10013. The “Fund Complex” includes all open-and closed-end funds (including all of their portfolios) advised by the Adviser. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund Complex consists of four funds.

 

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Name and Year
of Birth
  Position(s) Held with the Trust,
Term of Office
and Length of
Time Served
  Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
  Number of
Portfolios in
Fund
Complex Overseen By
Trustee
and/or
Officer
  Other
Directorships Held
by Trustee During
Past 5 Years
Interested Trustees and Officers
William Rhind
1979
  Trustee, Chairman of the Board, Treasurer and Secretary, President of the Trust
(since 2016)(1)
 

CEO, World Gold Trust Services LLC (sponsor of SPDR Gold Trust)
(2013-2016)

 

Managing Director, ETF Securities (investment advisory firm)
(2007-2013)

  4   Director, University of Bath Foundation (charitable organization)
James R. Nash
1981
  Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust
(since 2017)
 

Fund Chief Compliance Officer, Foreside Fund Officer Services, LLC (fund compliance services firm)
(2016- present)

 

Senior Associate and Regulatory Advisor, J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
(2014-2016)

 

Back Officer Product Analyst, Linedata Services (financial services software firm) (2011-2014)

  4   None

 

(1) William Rhind is an interested trustee due to his ownership of shares of, and his position as CEO of, GraniteShares, Inc., the owner of the Adviser.

 

Independent Trustees
Steven James Smyser
1973
  Independent Trustee of the Trust (since 2017)  

CFO, Packet Host, Inc. (information technology firm) (2014-present)

 

Founder, Silver Horse Capital Partners, LLC (hedge fund) (2013- present)

 

Director, Citi (1999-2013)

  4   None
Seddik Meziani
1952
  Independent Trustee of the Trust (since 2017)   Professor, Montclair State University, New Jersey (1999- present)   4   Member of the Research Advisory Board, ETF Global, LLC (market data and research provider)

 

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Individual Trustee Qualifications. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve on the Board because of their ability to review and understand information about the Fund provided to them by management, to identify and request other information they may deem relevant to the performance of their duties, to question management and other service providers regarding material factors bearing on the management and administration of the Fund, and to exercise their business judgment in a manner that serves the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve as a Trustee based on their own experience, qualifications, attributes and skills as described below.

 

William Rhind is the founder and CEO of GraniteShares, Inc., an independent ETF company based in New York. Prior to GraniteShares, Mr. Rhind was CEO of World Gold Trust Services LLC, part of the World Gold Council. Prior to joining the World Gold Council in 2013, Mr. Rhind was a senior executive at ETF Securities, from 2007 to 2013. He was also formerly a Principal at iShares. Mr. Rhind is a graduate of the University of Bath, in England.

 

Steven Smyser is the CFO at Packet Host, Inc., a company that offers cloud storage and computing solutions. The company owns its own servers in over 30 locations. He is also the founder of Silver Horse Capital Partners, LLC, although the trading activity has been limited due to Mr. Smyser’s work at Packet Host, Inc. He previously worked as a Director at Citi trading equity derivatives until 2013. In this role, he covered a collection of the largest customers of the firm and was responsible for various proprietary stock and option trading strategies. During his 14-year tenure at Citi, Mr. Smyser also held various risk management roles in both the Fixed Income and Equities divisions. Prior to joining Citi, he worked at Freddie Mac on the mortgage-backed securities trading desk. Mr. Smyser graduated Magna Cum Laude from James Madison University with a B.B.A. in International Business and a minor in Economics and French.

 

Seddik Meziani is a professor of finance at Montclair State University, NJ, and the Soliciting Editor of The Journal of Index Investing. He received a Ph.D from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an MBA from New York University. He has authored three ETF books and authored or coauthored 32 peer reviewed articles, along with editorials, commentaries and other articles in newspapers, magazines and trade journals. Dr. Meziani is also a consultant and speaker. He is frequently quoted by the media on ETF topics and speaks regularly at industry conferences.

 

 24 
  

 

Board Committees

 

The Board has established the following standing committees:

 

Audit Committee. The Board has a standing Audit Committee that is composed of 100% of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee include: recommending which firm to engage as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and whether to terminate this relationship; reviewing the independent registered public accounting firm’s compensation, the proposed scope and terms of its engagement, and the firm’s independence; pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to the Trust and certain other affiliated entities; serving as a channel of communication between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Trustees; reviewing the results of each external audit, including any qualifications in the independent registered public accounting firm’s opinion, any related management letter, management’s responses to recommendations made by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with the audit, reports submitted to the Committee by the internal auditing department of the Trust’s Administrator (as defined below) that are material to the Trust as a whole, if any, and management’s responses to any such reports; reviewing the Fund’s audited financial statements and considering any significant disputes between the Trust’s management and the independent registered public accounting firm that arose in connection with the preparation of those financial statements; considering, in consultation with the independent registered public accounting firm and the Trust’s senior internal accounting executive, if any, the independent registered public accounting firms’ report on the adequacy of the Trust’s internal financial controls; reviewing, in consultation with the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, major changes regarding auditing and accounting principles and practices to be followed when preparing the Fund’s financial statements; and other audit related matters. All of the Independent Trustees currently serve as members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee also acts as the Trust’s qualified legal compliance committee. The Audit Committee held 2 meetings during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

 

Nominating Committee. The Board has a standing Nominating Committee that is composed of 100% of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Nominating Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibility of the Nominating Committee is to consider, recommend and nominate candidates to fill vacancies on the Trust’s Board, if any. The Nominating Committee generally will not consider nominees recommended by shareholders. All of the Independent Trustees currently serve as members of the Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee held no meetings during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

 

Valuation Committee. The Board also has established a Valuation Committee that may be comprised of representatives from the Adviser, representatives from the Administrator (as defined below), counsel to the Fund, and/or members of the Board. The Valuation Committee operates under procedures approved by the Board. The Valuation Committee is responsible for the valuation and revaluation of any portfolio investments for which market quotations or prices are not readily available. The members of the Valuation Committee are William Rhind and two representatives from the Adviser: Benoit Autier and Jeff Klearman. The Valuation Committee held no meetings during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

 

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Ownership of Shares

 

The following table shows the dollar amount ranges of each Trustee’s “beneficial ownership” of Shares of the Fund and in all registered investment companies in the Fund Complex, as of December 31, 2018. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”). The Trustees and officers of the Trust own less than 1% of the outstanding Shares of the Trust, as of September 30, 2019.

 

Name   Dollar Range
of Shares
  Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares
(All Funds in the Complex)
         
Interested Trustees
 
William Rhind   None   None
         
    Independent Trustees    
         
Steven James Smyser   None   None
         
Seddik Meziani   None   None

 

Compensation of the Trustees and Officers

 

Trustees are expected to receive the following estimated compensation, to be paid by the Trust, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

 

Name  Aggregate
Compensation
   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued as Part
of Fund Expenses
   Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement
   Total Compensation
from the Trust
and Fund Complex*
 
Interested Trustees
William Rhind  $0   $           0   $           0   $              0 
Independent Trustees
Steven James Smyser  $10,000   $0   $0   $ 1,931  
Seddik Meziani  $10,000   $0   $0   $ 1,931  

 

* From the period July 1, 2018 through August 17, 2018, the Fund paid Trustees’ fees and CCO fees, but was reimbursed through a fee waiver agreement by the Adviser. Starting August 18, 2018, the Board of Trustees of the Trust adopted a unitary fee model for the Fund.

 

Codes of Ethics

 

The Trust and the Adviser have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics are designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust and the Adviser from engaging in deceptive, manipulative or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Fund (which may also be held by persons subject to the codes of ethics). These Codes prohibit personnel of the Adviser from investing in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.

 

There can be no assurance that the codes of ethics will be effective in preventing such activities. Each code of ethics has been filed with the SEC and may be examined on the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

 26 
  

 

Proxy Voting Policies

 

The Trust has delegated to the Adviser the authority and responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by the Fund. In delegating proxy responsibilities, the Board has directed that proxies be voted consistent with the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders in compliance with all applicable proxy voting rules and regulations. The Adviser has a fiduciary duty to vote proxies on behalf of the Fund in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholder and has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures for this purpose, including procedures to be followed when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of the Fund and its shareholders and the Adviser, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons.

 

The Adviser has a third party proxy solicitation firm to assist with voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by the Fund in accordance with the Adviser’s policies and predetermined guidelines (“Proxy Guidelines”). A copy of the Proxy Guidelines is attached as Appendix A to this SAI. Although the Proxy Guidelines are followed as a general policy, certain issues are considered on a case-by-case basis based on the relevant facts and circumstances and the Adviser retains the right to override a recommendation that is not in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders and to change any vote prior to the voting deadline.

 

The Adviser’s policy is that all proxies for Fund securities must be voted in a manner considered by the Adviser to be in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders without regard to any benefit to the Adviser or its affiliates and that all issues brought to shareholders are analyzed in light of the Adviser’s fiduciary responsibilities. Because of the limited scope of the business of the Adviser and its affiliates, the Adviser does not expect conflicts between the interests of the Adviser and those of its clients with respect to voting proxies to arise frequently. In situations where there may be a conflict of interest in the voting of proxies due to business or personal relationships that the Adviser maintains with persons having an interest in the outcome of certain votes, the Adviser takes appropriate steps to ensure that its proxy voting decisions are made in the best interest of its clients and are not the product of such conflict. When the Adviser becomes aware of any vote that presents a conflict, the conflict will be reported to the Adviser’s chief compliance officer. The Adviser’s chief compliance officer will work with senior management to identify the source of the conflict and implement measures to address the conflict. If a material conflict exists, the Adviser will address the voting issue through objective means such as voting in a manner consistent with a pre-determined voting policy or receiving an independent third party voting recommendation.

 

The Trust is required to disclose annually each Fund’s complete proxy voting record on Form N-PX covering the period July 1 through June 30 and file it with the SEC no later than August 31. Information on how each Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12 month period is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-844-764-6825 and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

Investment Advisory and Other Services

 

GraniteShares Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company located at 205 Hudson Street, 7th Floor, New York, New York 10013, serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. William Rhind, a Trustee, Chairman of the Board, and officer of the Trust, controls the Adviser due to his ownership of shares of, and his position as CEO of, GraniteShares, Inc., the owner of the Adviser.

 

The Trust and the Adviser have entered into an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with respect to the Fund. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser serves as the investment adviser, makes investment decisions for the Fund, and manages the investment portfolios of the Fund, subject to the supervision of, and policies established by, the Board. The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence generally in the performance of its duties, or its reckless disregard of its obligation and duties, under the Advisory Agreement.

 

 27 
  

 

After the initial two-year term, the continuance of the Advisory Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually: (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund; and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or “interested persons” or of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trustees of the Trust or, with respect to the Fund, by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or by the Adviser on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice to the Trust. As used in the Advisory Agreement, the terms “majority of the outstanding voting securities,” “interested persons” and “assignment” have the same meaning as such terms in the 1940 Act.

 

For its services, the Adviser receives a fee that is equal to 0.70% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund, calculated daily and paid monthly. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is responsible for substantially all expenses of each Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, expenses related to short sales, other expenditures which are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of each Fund’s business, and amounts, if any, payable pursuant to a plan adopted in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act).

 

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses of the Fund, except for: (i) brokerage expenses and other fees, charges, taxes, levies or expenses (such as stamp taxes) incurred in connection with the execution of portfolio transactions or in connection with creation and redemption transactions; (ii) legal fees or expenses in connection with any arbitration, litigation or pending or threatened arbitration or litigation, including any settlements in connection therewith; (iii) extraordinary expenses; (iv) distribution fees and expenses paid by the Trust under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act; (v) interest and taxes of any kind or nature; (vi) any fees and expenses related to the provision of securities lending services; and (vii) the advisory fee payable to the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement.

 

Advisory Fees Paid by the Funds for Services

 

    Advisory Fee Accrued    Advisory Fees Waived    Net Advisory Fees Paid  
    Fiscal Year Ended    Fiscal Year Ended    Fiscal Year Ended  
    June 30    June 30    June 30  
Fund   2019    2018    2019    2018    2019    2018  
                         
GraniteShares HIPS US High Income ETF   $ 52,070           $ 2,191           $ 48,879     $ 36,398  

 

The Portfolio Managers

 

The Portfolio Managers

 

This section includes information about the Fund’s portfolio managers, including information about other accounts they manage, the dollar range of Shares they own, and how they are compensated.

 

Compensation

 

Benoit Autier and Jeff Klearman are the Fund’s portfolio managers (the “Portfolio Managers”). As of the date of this SAI, each Portfolio Manager’s compensation generally includes a fixed base salary determined periodically (typically annually) and a discretionary annual bonus that is based on both objective and subjective criteria.

 

 28 
  

 

Each Portfolio Manager’s base salary is determined by level of responsibility and tenure at the Adviser. The level of the discretionary bonus is determined by the Adviser based upon a number of factors, including the Adviser’s profitability, the expansion work and effort of the Portfolio Manager, the involvement of the Portfolio Manager in the investment management functions of the Adviser, the Portfolio Manager’s role in the development of other investment professionals and the Portfolio Manager’s work relationship with support staff, and the Portfolio Manager’s overall contribution to strategic planning.

 

Shares Owned by Portfolio Manager

 

Set forth in the table below is the dollar range of equity securities owned by the Fund’s portfolio managers as of September 30, 2019.

 

Name   Dollar Range of Shares Held in the Fund
Benoit Autier   A
Jeff Klearman   C

 

Key to Dollar Ranges

A   None
B   $1 - $10,000
C   $10,001 - $50,000
D   $50,001 - $100,000
E   $100,001 - $500,000
F   $500,001 - $1,000,000
G   Over $1,000,000

 

Other
Accounts
  Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund)
Portfolio Manager   Number and Type of Account   Approximate Total Net Assets   Performance Based Accounts
Benoit Autier  

2 RICs

0 PIVs

0 other accounts

 

$73,458,000

N/A

N/A

  None
Jeff Klearman  

2 RICs

0 PIVs

0 other accounts

 

$73,458,000

N/A

N/A

  None

 

The registered investment companies that are managed by Messrs. Autier and Klearman each pursues different investment strategies based on different benchmark indexes. The Adviser does not believe that management of the various accounts presents a material conflict of interest for Messrs. Autier and Klearman or the Adviser.

 

 29 
  

 

The Distributor

 

The Trust and the Distributor, Foreside Fund Services, LLC, are parties to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts as principal underwriter for the Fund. Shares are continuously offered by the funds through the Distributor for sale only in Creation Units. Each Creation Unit is made up of 50,000 Shares. Generally, the Distributor will not distribute Shares in amounts less than a Creation Unit. The principal business address of the Distributor is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.

 

Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor as principal underwriter of the Trust, and upon direction from the Fund, may enter into arrangements with Authorized Participants that place orders for purchases Shares, provided that any subscriptions and orders will not be binding on the Trust unless placed in accordance with proper procedures. (See “Purchase and Issuance of Shares in Creation Units.”) The Distributor will deliver Prospectuses and, upon request, SAIs to Authorized Participants purchasing Creation Units. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”).

 

 30 
  

 

The Distribution Agreement will continue for two years from its effective date and is renewable thereafter. The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by majority vote of its outstanding voting shares or by a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by the Distributor on 60 days written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment.

 

Distribution Plan. The Trust has adopted a Distribution Plan (the “Plan”) in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, which regulates circumstances under which an investment company may directly or indirectly bear expenses relating to the distribution of its shares. No distribution fees are currently charged to the Fund; there are no plans to impose these fees.

 

Continuance of the Plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (“Qualified Trustees”). The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount that may be spent thereunder without approval by a majority of the outstanding Shares of any class of the Fund that is affected by such increase. All material amendments of the Plan will require approval by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and of the Qualified Trustees.

 

The Plan provides that Shares of the Fund may pay the Distributor an annual fee of up to a maximum of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Shares. Under the Plan, the Distributor may make payments pursuant to written agreements to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations and insurance companies including, without limitation, investment counselors, broker-dealers and the Distributor’s affiliates and subsidiaries as compensation for services and reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance. The Plan is characterized as a compensation plan since the distribution fee will be paid to the Distributor without regard to the distribution expenses incurred by the Distributor or the amount of payments made to other financial institutions and intermediaries. The Trust intends to operate the Plan in accordance with its terms and with FINRA rules concerning sales charges.

 

Under the Plan, subject to the limitations of applicable law and regulations, the Fund is authorized to compensate the distributor or others up to the maximum amount to finance any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Creation Units of the Fund or for providing or arranging for others to provide shareholder services and for the maintenance of shareholder accounts. Such activities may include, but are not limited to: (i) delivering copies of the Fund’s then current reports, prospectuses, notices, and similar materials, to prospective purchasers of Creation Units; (ii) marketing and promotional services, including advertising; (iii) paying the costs of and compensating others, including Authorized Participants, for performing shareholder servicing on behalf of the Fund; (iv) compensating certain Authorized Participants for providing assistance in distributing the Creation Units of the Fund, including the travel and communication expenses and salaries and/or commissions of sales personnel in connection with the distribution of the Creation Units of the Fund; (v) payments to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies and investment counselors, broker-dealers, mutual fund supermarkets and the affiliates and subsidiaries of the Trust’s service providers as compensation for services or reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance; and (vi) facilitating communications with beneficial owners of Shares, including the cost of providing (or paying others to provide) services to beneficial owners of Shares, including, but not limited to, assistance in answering inquiries related to shareholder accounts.

 

 31 
  

 

The Administrator

 

The Trust and The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Administrator”) have entered into an administrative services agreement (the “Administration Agreement”), under which the Administrator provides the Trust with administrative services, including providing certain operational, clerical, recordkeeping and/or bookkeeping services. The principal business address of the Administrator is 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286.

 

The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator shall not be liable for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Administration Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Administrator.

 

For its services under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator is entitled to a fee based on the average daily net assets of the Fund, and subject to a minimum annual fee.

 

The Custodian

 

The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Custodian”), 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286, serves as the custodian of the Fund under a custodian agreement with the Trust. The Custodian holds cash, securities and other assets of the Fund as required by the 1940 Act.

 

The Transfer Agent

 

The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Transfer Agent”), 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286, serves as the Fund’s transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent under a transfer agency agreement with the Trust.

 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

KPMG LLP, with offices located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10154, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust.

 

Legal Counsel

 

Vedder Price P.C., with offices located at 1401 I St. NW, Ste 1100, Washington, DC 20005, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.

 

Description of Shares

 

The Declaration of Trust establishing the Trust (the “Declaration of the Trust”) authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of funds and shares of the Fund. Each share of a fund represents an equal proportionate interest in that fund with each other share. Shares are entitled upon liquidation to a pro rata share in the net assets of the fund. Shareholders have no preemptive rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees of the Trust may create additional series or classes of shares. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any additional funds and all assets in which such consideration is invested would belong to that fund and would be subject to the liabilities related thereto. Share certificates representing shares will not be issued. The Fund’s shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.

 

 32 
  

 

Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Shares of all funds vote together as a single class, except that if the matter being voted on affects only a particular fund it will be voted on only by that fund, and if a matter affects a particular fund differently from other funds, that fund will vote separately on such matter. As a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust is not required, and does not intend, to hold annual meetings of shareholders. Approval of shareholders will be sought, however, for certain changes in the operation of the Trust and for the election of Trustees under certain circumstances.

 

Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have the power to liquidate the Fund without shareholder approval. While the Trustees have no present intention of exercising this power, they may do so if any fund fails to reach a viable size within a reasonable amount of time or for such other reasons as may be determined by the Board.

 

Brokerage Transactions

 

The policy of the Trust regarding purchases and sales of securities for the Fund is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are effected on a stock exchange, the Trust’s policy is to pay commissions, which are considered fair and reasonable, without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Trust believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude the Fund and the Adviser from obtaining a high quality of brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Adviser will rely upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage services received from the broker effecting the transaction. Such determinations are necessarily subjective and imprecise, as in most cases, an exact dollar value for those services is not ascertainable. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of the Fund’s Shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.

 

The Adviser owes a fiduciary duty to its clients to seek to provide best execution on trades effected. In selecting a broker/dealer for each specific transaction, the Adviser chooses the broker/dealer deemed most capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable execution. Best execution is generally understood to mean the most favorable cost or net proceeds reasonably obtainable under the circumstances. The full range of brokerage services applicable to a particular transaction may be considered when making this judgment, which may include, but is not limited to: liquidity, price, commission, timing, aggregated trades, capable floor brokers or traders, competent block trading coverage, ability to position, capital strength and stability, reliable and accurate communications and settlement processing, use of automation, knowledge of other buyers or sellers, arbitrage skills, administrative ability, underwriting and provision of information on a particular security or market in which the transaction is to occur. The specific criteria will vary depending upon the nature of the transaction, the market in which it is executed, and the extent to which it is possible to select from among multiple broker/dealers. The Adviser will also use electronic crossing networks when appropriate.

 

The Adviser does not currently use the Fund’s assets for, or participate in, any third party soft dollar arrangements, although it may receive proprietary research from various full service brokers, the cost of which is bundled with the cost of the broker’s execution services. The Adviser does not “pay up” for the value of any such proprietary research.

 

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The Adviser is responsible, subject to oversight by the Board, for placing orders on behalf of the Fund for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the Adviser are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to all by the Adviser. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions will be beneficial to the Fund. The primary consideration is prompt execution of orders at the most favorable net price.

 

The Fund may deal with affiliates in principal transactions to the extent permitted by exemptive order or applicable rule or regulation.

 

The following chart reflects the aggregate amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the three most recently completed fiscal years. GraniteShares Advisors LLC became the investment adviser on December 18, 2017.

 

Total Brokerage Commissions
2019   2018   2017
$9,802   $4,069   $8,373

 

Brokerage with Fund Affiliates. The Fund may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Fund, the Adviser or the Distributor for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. These rules require that commissions paid to the affiliate by the Fund for exchange transactions not exceed “usual and customary” brokerage commissions. The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Trustees, including the Independent Trustees, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and review these procedures periodically.

 

Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealer.” The Fund is required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) which it may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal year. “Regular brokers or dealers” of the Trust are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Trust’s portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Trust; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of the Trust’s shares. As of June 30, 2019, the Funds did not hold the securities of their “regular broker dealers.”

 

Portfolio Turnover Rate

 

Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates are likely to result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions is evaluated by the Adviser based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions paid by other institutional investors for comparable services. For the fiscal periods ended June 30, 2019, and 2018 the portfolio turnover rate for the Fund was 112% and 33% respectively. The Fund’s higher portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 from that for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 is attributable to the modification of the HIPS TFMS Index.

 

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Book Entry only System

 

Depositary Trust Company (“DTC”) acts as securities depositary for the Shares. Shares of the Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except in limited circumstances set forth below, certificates will not be issued for Shares.

 

DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).

 

Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares. The Trust recognizes DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of Shares are not entitled to have Shares registered in their names, and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests, to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares.

 

Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. DTC will make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee a listing of Shares held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall obtain from each such DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

 

Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the applicable Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

 

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The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the Fund’s Shares, or for maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.

 

DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to the Fund at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Fund shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.

 

Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities

 

A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Shares of the Fund. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of the Fund or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Fund.

 

As of September 30, 2019, the name, address and percentage ownership of each entity or person that owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund are as follows:

 

Name and Address   No. of
Shares Owned
    % of
Shares
    Type of
Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co.
101 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, CA 94104
            21.45 %   Record
                     
NFS LLC                    
499 Washington Blvd,                    
Jersey City, NJ 07310             15.85 %   Record
                     
E*Trade Securities LLC
11 Times Square
New York, NY 10036
                   12.55 %   Record
                     
TD Ameritrade
4211 S. 102nd Street
Omaha, NE 68127
            12.53 %   Record
                     
Pershing LLC                    
One Pershing Plaza                    
Jersey City, NJ 07399             8.26 %   Record

 

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Purchase and Issuance of Shares In Creation Units

 

The Trust issues and sells Shares of the Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load (but subject to transaction fees), at their NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order, on any Business Day (as defined below), in proper form pursuant to the terms of the Fund’s Prospectus. The NAV of the Fund’s Shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the Exchange, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. The Fund will not issue fractional Creation Units. A Business Day is any day on which the Exchange is open for business.

 

FUND DEPOSIT. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of the Fund generally consists of (i) the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) per each Creation Unit, and (ii) the Cash Component (defined below), computed as described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. When accepting purchases of Creation Units for all or a portion of Deposit Cash, the Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities that would otherwise be provided by an in-kind purchaser.

 

Together, the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund. The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the Shares (per Creation Unit) and the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the net asset value per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the net asset value per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount, and the creator will be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the net asset value per Creation Unit and the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, if applicable, which shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant.

 

The Fund, through the National Securities Clearance Corporation (the “NSCC”), makes available on each Business Day, immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), the list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. Such Fund Deposit is subject to any applicable adjustments as described below, in order to effect purchases of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, is made available.

 

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The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities or the amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, required for the Fund Deposit for the Fund changes as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by the Adviser with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities of the Fund’s Benchmark.

 

The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of Deposit Cash in situations where a Deposit Security: (i) may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery; (ii) may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC for corporate securities and municipal securities; (iii) may not be eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor for which it is acting; (iv) would be restricted under the securities laws or where the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws; or (v) in certain other situations. The Trust also reserves the right to include or remove Deposit Securities from the basket in anticipation of Benchmark rebalancing changes. The adjustments described above will reflect changes, known to the Adviser on the date of announcement to be in effect by the time of delivery of the Fund Deposit, in the composition of the subject Benchmark being tracked by the applicable Fund or resulting from certain corporate actions.

 

PROCEDURES FOR PURCHASE OF CREATION UNITS. To be an Authorized Participant eligible to place orders to purchase a Creation Unit of the Fund, an entity must be a “Participating Party”, i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC, or a DTC Participant (see “BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM”). In addition, each Authorized Participant must execute a Participant Agreement with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Each Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of a Participant Agreement, on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that it will pay to the Trust an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component together with the Creation Transaction Fee (defined below) and any other applicable fees and taxes. The Adviser may retain all or a portion of the Creation Transaction Fee to the extent the Adviser bears the expenses that otherwise would be borne by the Trust in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, which the Creation Transaction Fee is designed to cover.

 

All orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund must be placed for one or more Creation Units and in the manner and by the time set forth in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The date on which an order to purchase Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as set forth below) is received and accepted is referred to as the “Order Placement Date.”

 

An Authorized Participant may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order, (e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund in Creation Units have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants may have international capabilities.

 

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On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders to create Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. In addition, if a market or markets on which the Fund’s investments are primarily traded is closed, the Fund will also generally not accept orders on such day(s). Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by a transmission method acceptable to the Transfer Agent. With respect to the applicable Fund, the Transfer Agent will notify the Custodian of such order. The Custodian will then provide such information to the appropriate local sub-custodian(s). Those placing orders through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order by the cut-off time on such Business Day. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Distributor the Funds, the Transfer Agent or an Authorized Participant.

 

Fund Deposits must be delivered by an Authorized Participant through the Federal Reserve System (for cash) or through DTC (for corporate securities) and/or through such other arrangements allowed by the Trust or its agents. With respect to foreign Deposit Securities, the Custodian shall cause the sub-custodian of the applicable Fund to maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, such Deposit Securities (or Deposit Cash for all or a part of such securities, as permitted or required), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by the Trust. Foreign Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local sub-custodian. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the Authorized Participant in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, to the account of the Fund or its agents by no later than the Settlement Date. The “Settlement Date” for the Fund is generally the third Business Day after the Order Placement Date. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash to be delivered, as applicable, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities or cash, as applicable, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash represented by the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system or through DTC in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than the Settlement Date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, are not received by the Custodian in a timely manner by the Settlement Date, the creation order may be cancelled. Upon written notice, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using the Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of the applicable Fund.

 

An order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed, provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the applicable cut-off time and federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m. Eastern time (as set forth on the applicable order form), with the Custodian on the Settlement Date. If the order is not placed in proper form as required, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m. Eastern time (as set forth on the applicable order form) on the Settlement Date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected, and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the applicable Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. A creation request is considered to be in “proper form” if all procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, order form and this SAI are properly followed.

 

ISSUANCE OF A CREATION UNIT. Except as provided herein, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Trust of the Deposit Securities or payment of Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the Custodian that the required Deposit Securities (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Transfer Agent and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Trust will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Units. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received. The Authorized Participant shall be liable to the applicable Fund for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.

 

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Creation Units may be purchased in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) an additional amount of cash equal to a percentage of the market value, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”), which shall be maintained in a separate non-interest bearing collateral account. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities, to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal to the applicable percentage, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the daily marked-to-market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the market value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received, plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust. In addition, a transaction fee as set forth below under “Creation Transaction Fee” will be charged in all cases. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the Settlement Date.

 

ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS OF CREATION UNITS. The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject an order for Creation Units in respect of the Fund including, without limitation, if (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, delivered by the Authorized Participant are not as disseminated through the facilities of the NSCC for that date by the Custodian; (c) the investor(s), upon obtaining the Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares of the Fund; (d) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (e) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (f) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust or the Adviser, have an adverse effect on the Trust or the rights of beneficial owners; (g) the acceptance or receipt of the order for a Creation Unit would, in the opinion of counsel to the Trust, be unlawful; or (h) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent, or the Adviser make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process orders for Creation Units.

 

Examples of such circumstances include acts of God or public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Distributor, the Custodian, a sub-custodian, the Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC, Federal Reserve System, or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Trust or its designee shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits, nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian and the Distributor shall not be liable for the rejection of any purchase order for Creation Units.

 

All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.

 

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CREATION TRANSACTION FEE. A purchase (i.e., creation) transaction fee is imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase of Creation Units (the “Creation Transaction Fee”), and investors will be required to pay a Creation Transaction Fee regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction. The Fund may adjust the Creation Transaction Fee from time to time based upon actual experience. The standard fixed Creation Transaction Fee for the Fund will be $500. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Trust.

 

RISKS OF PURCHASING CREATION UNITS. There are certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from the Fund. Because the Fund’s Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that a shareholder performs as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in the shareholder being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render the shareholder a statutory underwriter and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a shareholder could be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases Creation Units from the Fund, breaks them down into the constituent Shares, and sells those Shares directly to customers, or if a shareholder chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.

 

Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with the Fund’s Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act.

 

REDEMPTION. Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the applicable Fund through the Distributor, and only on a Business Day. EXCEPT UPON LIQUIDATION OF THE FUND, THE TRUST WILL NOT REDEEM SHARES IN AMOUNTS LESS THAN CREATION UNITS.

 

Investors must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.

 

With respect to the Fund, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m. Eastern time) on each Business Day, the list of the names and share quantities of the Fund’s portfolio securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”). Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities.

 

Redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit are paid either in-kind or in cash, or combination thereof, as determined by the Trust. With respect to in-kind redemptions of the Fund, redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of Fund Securities, as announced by the Custodian on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form, plus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less a fixed redemption transaction fee, as set forth below. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the Trust’s discretion, an Authorized Participant may receive the corresponding cash value of the securities in lieu of the in-kind securities value representing one or more Fund Securities.

 

 41 
  

 

REDEMPTION TRANSACTION FEE. A redemption transaction fee is imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units, and investors will be required to pay a fixed redemption transaction fee regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction. The redemption transaction fee is the same no matter how many Creation Units are being redeemed pursuant to any one redemption request. The Fund may adjust the redemption transaction fee from time to time based upon actual experience. The standard fixed redemption transaction fee for the Fund will be $500. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order.

 

PROCEDURES FOR REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS. Orders to redeem Creation Units must be submitted in proper form prior to the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement. A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Transfer Agent the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement and (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Trust is received by the Transfer Agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified in the Participant Agreement, or order form, as the case may be. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the investor’s Shares through DTC’s facilities by the times and pursuant to the other terms and conditions set forth in the Participant Agreement, the redemption request shall be rejected.

 

The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption, in the form required by the Trust, to the Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Prospectus. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed a Participant Agreement. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the Shares to the Transfer Agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.

 

ADDITIONAL REDEMPTION PROCEDURES. In connection with taking delivery of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, the Authorized Participant must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Fund Securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within three business days of the trade date.

 

The Fund may, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities but does not differ in net asset value.

 

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Redemptions of Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming investor of the Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer” (“QIB”), as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive Fund Securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A. An Authorized Participant may be required by the Trust to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status in order to receive Fund Securities.

 

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund (i) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares of the Fund or determination of the NAV of the Shares is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.

 

REQUIRED EARLY ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS. Notwithstanding the foregoing, as described in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form, the Fund may require orders to be placed up to one or more Business Days prior to the trade date, as described in the Participant Agreement or the applicable order form, in order to receive the trade date’s NAV. Authorized Participants may be notified that the cut-off time for an order may be earlier on a particular business day, as described in the Participant Agreement and the order form.

 

Determination of Net Asset Value

 

NAV per Share for the Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by the total number of Shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses and fees, including the management fees, are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated by the Custodian and determined at the close of the regular trading session on the Exchange (ordinarily 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day that such exchange is open, provided that fixed income assets may be valued as of the announced closing time for trading in fixed income instruments on any day that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) announces an early closing time.

 

In calculating the Fund’s NAV per Share, the Fund’s investments are generally valued using market valuations. A market valuation generally means a valuation (i) obtained from an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer), (ii) based on a price quotation or other equivalent indication of value supplied by an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer) or (iii) based on amortized cost. In the case of shares of other funds that are not traded on an exchange, a market valuation means such fund’s published NAV per share. The Adviser may use various pricing services, or discontinue the use of any pricing service, as approved by the Board from time to time. A price obtained from a pricing service based on such pricing service’s valuation matrix may be considered a market valuation. Any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars at the current market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more sources.

 

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In the event that current market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market value, the Trust’s procedures require the Valuation Committee to determine a security’s fair value if a market price is not readily available. In determining such value, the Valuation Committee may consider, among other things, (i) price comparisons among multiple sources, (ii) a review of corporate actions and news events, and (iii) a review of relevant financial indicators (e.g., movement in interest rates, market indices, and prices from the Fund’s Benchmark provider). In these cases, the Fund’s NAV may reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair values rather than their market prices. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments, and it is possible that the fair value determination for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of the security. In addition, fair value pricing could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate the Fund’s NAV and the prices used by the Fund’s Benchmark. This may result in a difference between the Fund’s performance and the performance of the Fund’s Benchmark.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes.”

 

General Policies. Dividends from net investment income, if any, are declared and paid monthly by the Fund. Distributions of net realized capital gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year, but the Fund may make distributions on a more frequent basis in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.

 

Dividends and other distributions on Shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such Shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the Fund.

 

The Fund may make additional distributions to the extent necessary (i) to distribute the entire annual taxable income of the Fund, plus any net capital gains and (ii) to avoid imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4982 of the Code.

 

Management of the Trust reserves the right to declare special dividends if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve the status of the Fund as a regulated investment company or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income.

 

Dividend Reinvestment Service. The Trust will not make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available for use by Beneficial Owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds, but certain individual broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of the Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Investors should contact their brokers to ascertain the availability and description of these services. Beneficial Owners should be aware that each broker may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables in order to participate in the dividend reinvestment service, and investors should ascertain from their brokers such necessary details. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares issued by the Trust of the Fund at NAV per share. Distributions reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund will nevertheless be taxable to Beneficial Owners acquiring such additional Shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash.

 

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Federal Income Taxes

 

The following is only a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders that supplements the discussion in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a comprehensive explanation of the federal, state, local or foreign tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended to be a substitute for careful tax planning.

 

The following general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.

 

Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the application of the provisions of tax law described in this SAI in light of the particular tax situations of the shareholders and regarding specific questions as to federal, state, local or foreign taxes.

 

Taxation of the Fund. The Fund has elected and intends to continue to qualify each year to be treated as a separate regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under the Code. As such, the Fund should not be subject to federal income taxes on its net investment income and capital gains, if any, to the extent that it timely distributes such income and capital gains to its shareholders. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must distribute annually to its shareholders at least the sum of 90% of its net investment income (generally including the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income, if any (the “Distribution Requirement”) and also must meet several additional requirements. Among these requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income each taxable year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Qualifying Income Requirement”); and (ii) at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, the Fund’s assets must be diversified so that (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Diversification Requirement”).

 

To the extent the Fund makes investments that may generate income that is not qualifying income, the Fund will seek to restrict the resulting income from such investments so that the Fund’s non-qualifying income does not exceed 10% of its gross income.

 

The Fund similarly intends to limit its investments in qualified publicly traded partnerships (“QPTPs”), such as MLPs, to no more than 25% of its total assets to satisfy the Diversification Requirement. Although net income from QPTPs is qualifying income, if an entity intending to qualify as a QPTP fails to qualify as a QPTP, the income generated from the Fund’s investment in the entity may not be qualifying income. There can be no guarantee that any entity will be successful in qualifying as a QPTP. In addition, there is little regulatory guidance concerning the application of the rules governing qualification as a QPTP, and it is possible that future guidance may adversely affect the qualification of entities as QPTPs.

 

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Although the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and may distribute its capital gains for any taxable year, the Fund will be subject to federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. The Fund is treated as a separate corporation for federal income tax purposes. The Fund therefore is considered to be a separate entity in determining its treatment under the rules for RICs described herein.

 

If the Fund fails to satisfy the Qualifying Income Requirement or the Diversification Requirement in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the Diversification Requirement where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period of time. To be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the Diversification Requirement, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions were not available to the Fund and it were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, all of its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and its distributions (including capital gains distributions) generally would be taxable to the shareholders of the Fund as ordinary income dividends, subject to the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders and the lower tax rates on qualified dividend income received by noncorporate shareholders, subject to certain limitations. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any year in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, it would generally be required to pay the Fund-level tax on certain net built in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund for treatment as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. If the Fund determines that it will not qualify as a RIC, the Fund will establish procedures to reflect the anticipated tax liability in the Fund’s NAV.

 

The Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year (commonly referred to as “post-October losses”) and certain other late-year losses.

 

Capital losses in excess of capital gains (“net capital losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against a RIC’s net investment income. Instead, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry a net capital loss from any taxable year forward indefinitely to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the Fund and may not be distributed as capital gains to its shareholders. Generally, the Fund may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. The carryover of capital losses may be limited under the general loss limitation rules if the Fund experiences an ownership change as defined in the Code.

 

As of June 30, 2019, the Fund had a short-term capital loss carryforwards in the amount of $385,934, which were not subject to expiration.

 

The Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year an amount at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, subject to an increase for any shortfall in the prior year’s distribution. The Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of the excise tax, but can make no assurances that all such tax liability will be eliminated.

 

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If the Fund meets the Distribution Requirement but retains some or all of its income or gains, it will be subject to federal income tax to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. The Fund may designate certain amounts retained as undistributed net capital gain in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount so designated, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on that undistributed amount against their federal income tax liabilities and to claim refunds to the extent such credits exceed their tax liabilities, and (iii) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for federal income tax purposes, in their Shares in the Fund by an amount equal to the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits.

 

Taxation of Fund Investments. The Fund’s investments may be subject to special provisions of the Code that may, among other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gains into higher taxed short-term capital gains or ordinary income, (iii) convert an ordinary loss or a deduction into a capital loss, (iv) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash and/or (v) adversely alter the characterization of certain Fund investments or distributions.

 

If the Fund invests in certain positions, such as zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities or, in general, any other securities with original issue discount (or with market discount if the Fund elects to include market discount in income currently), the Fund must accrue income on such investments for each taxable year, which generally will be prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payments. However, the Fund must distribute, at least annually, all or substantially all of its net investment income, including such accrued income, to shareholders to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes. Therefore, the Fund may have to dispose of its portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate cash or may have to leverage itself by borrowing the cash, to satisfy these distribution requirements.

 

The Fund may also acquire market discount bonds. A market discount bond is a security acquired in the secondary market at a price below its redemption value (or its adjusted issue price if it is also an original issue discount bond). If the Fund invests in a market discount bond, it will be required to treat any gain recognized on the disposition of such market discount bond as ordinary income (instead of capital gain) to the extent of the accrued market discount unless the Fund elects to include the market discount in income as it accrues.

 

The Fund’s investment in lower-rated or unrated debt securities may present issues for the Fund if the issuers of these securities default on their obligations because the federal income tax consequences to a holder of such securities are not certain.

 

Generally, the character of the income or capital gains that the Fund receives from another investment company will pass through to the Fund’s shareholders as long as the Fund and the other investment company each qualify as RICs. However, to the extent that another investment company that qualifies as a RIC realizes net losses on its investments for a given taxable year, the Fund will not be able to recognize its share of those losses until it disposes of shares of such investment company. Moreover, even when the Fund does make such a disposition, a portion of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss. As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, it is possible that the amounts of net investment income and net capital gains that the Fund will be required to distribute to shareholders will be greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by the investment companies in which it invests, rather than investing in shares of the investment companies. For similar reasons, the character of distributions from the Fund (e.g., long-term capital gain, qualified dividend income, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by the investment companies in which it invests.

 

Taxation of Shareholders – Distributions. The Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), its net tax-exempt income, if any, and any net capital gain (net recognized long-term capital gains in excess of net recognized short-term capital losses, taking into account any available capital loss carryforwards). The distribution of investment company taxable income (as so computed) and net capital gain will be taxable to Fund shareholders regardless of whether the shareholder receives these distributions in cash or reinvests them in additional Shares.

 

The Fund (or your broker) will report to shareholders annually the amounts of dividends paid from ordinary income, the amount of distributions of net capital gain, the portion of dividends which may qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporations, and the portion of dividends which may qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income, which is taxable to noncorporate shareholders at rates of up to 20%. It is not expected that dividends paid by the Fund will qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporations. It is also not expected that the dividends paid by the Fund will qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax rate available to noncorporate shareholders on “qualified dividend income.”

 

Qualified dividend income includes, in general, subject to certain holding period and other requirements, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations. Subject to certain limitations, eligible foreign corporations include those incorporated in possessions of the United States, those incorporated in certain countries with comprehensive income tax treaties with the United States, and other foreign corporations if the stock with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Dividends received by the Fund from an ETF or an underlying fund taxable as a RIC or a REIT may be treated as qualified dividend income generally only to the extent so reported by such ETF, underlying fund or REIT. If 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (calculated without taking into account net capital gain derived from sales or other dispositions of stock or securities) consists of qualified dividend income, the Fund may report all distributions of such income as qualified dividend income.

 

Fund dividends will not be treated as qualified dividend income if the Fund does not meet holding period and other requirements with respect to dividend paying stocks in its portfolio, and the shareholder does not meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Fund Shares on which the dividends were paid. Distributions by the Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions from the Fund’s net capital gain will be taxable to shareholders at long-term capital gains rates, regardless of how long shareholders have held their Shares. Distributions may be subject to state and local taxes.

 

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In the case of corporate shareholders, certain dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations (generally, dividends received by the Fund in respect of any share of stock (1) with a tax holding period of at least 46 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date that is 45 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend and (2) that is held in an unleveraged position) and distributed and appropriately so reported by the Fund may be eligible for the 50% dividends-received deduction. Certain preferred stock must have a holding period of at least 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend in order to be eligible. Capital gain dividends distributed to the Fund from other RICs are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction. In order to qualify for the deduction, corporate shareholders must meet the minimum holding period requirement stated above with respect to their Shares, taking into account any holding period reductions from certain hedging or other transactions or positions that diminish their risk of loss with respect to their Shares, and, if they borrow to acquire or otherwise incur debt attributable to Shares, they may be denied a portion of the dividends-received deduction with respect to those Shares.

 

Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, any dividend declared by the Fund in October, November or December and payable to shareholders of record in such a month that is paid during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which it was declared.

 

U.S. individuals with adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) exceeding certain threshold amounts ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a “surviving spouse” for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases) are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes taxable interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gain distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

 

Shareholders who have not held Shares for a full year should be aware that the Fund may report and distribute, as ordinary dividends or capital gain dividends, a percentage of income that is not equal to the percentage of the Fund’s ordinary income or net capital gain, respectively, actually earned during the applicable shareholder’s period of investment in the Fund. A taxable shareholder may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because the distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of the shareholder’s investment.

 

To the extent that the Fund makes a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to noncorporate shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.

 

If the Fund’s distributions exceed its earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions made for a taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in the Fund and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the Shares on which the distribution was received are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in the Shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as gain from the sale of the shareholder’s Shares.

 

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Taxation of Shareholders – Sale of Shares. A sale, redemption or exchange of Shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Shares will generally be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss, rather than short-term capital loss, to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the shareholder of long-term capital gain (including any amounts credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gains). All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares may be disallowed if shares of the Fund or other substantially identical stock or securities are acquired (through the reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly acquired securities will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Shareholders may be limited in their ability to utilize capital losses.

 

The cost basis of Shares acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for the Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale or exchange of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.

 

An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. A person who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), however, may assert that an Authorized Participant who does not mark-to-market its portfolio upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot currently deduct a loss under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position.

 

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, such capital gains or losses will generally be treated as short-term capital gains or losses. Any loss upon a redemption of Creation Units held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the applicable Authorized Participant of long-term capital gain with respect to the Creation Units (including any amounts credited to the Authorized Participant as undistributed capital gains).

 

The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has the right to reject an order for Creation Units if the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the deposit securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If the Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund upon disposition of the securities would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if the basis had been equal to market value. The Trust also has the right to require the provision of information necessary to determine beneficial Share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject an order for Creation Units if acceptance of the securities to be exchanged for the Creation Units would have adverse tax consequences to the Fund.

 

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Persons purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction.

 

Foreign Investments. Dividends and interest received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. The Fund does not expect to satisfy the requirements for passing through to its shareholders any share of foreign taxes paid by the Fund, with the result that shareholders will not include such taxes in their gross incomes and will not be entitled to a tax deduction or credit for such taxes on their own tax returns.

 

Backup Withholding. The Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold (as “backup withholding”) on amounts payable to any shareholder who (1) fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number certified under penalty of perjury; (2) is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report all payments of interest or dividends; (3) fails to provide a certified statement that he, she or it is not subject to “backup withholding;” or (4) fails to provide a certified statement that he, she or it is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is 24%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s ultimate U.S. tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor permanent residents of the U.S.

 

Foreign Shareholders. Any non-U.S. investors in the Fund may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are encouraged to consult their tax advisors prior to investing in the Fund. Foreign shareholders (i.e., nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates) are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower tax treaty rate) on distributions derived from net investment income and short-term capital gains. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. The Fund may choose not to designate such amounts. Gains realized by foreign shareholders from the sale or other disposition of shares of the Fund generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless the recipient is an individual either (i) meets the Code’s definition of “resident alien” or (ii) is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. Foreign shareholders who fail to provide an applicable IRS form may be subject to backup withholding on certain payments from the Fund. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that are subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax described in this paragraph. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a trade or business within the United States. In addition, the tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of a tax treaty may be different than those described above.

 

Special rules apply to foreign persons who receive distributions from the Fund that are attributable to gain from “United States real property interests” (“USRPIs”). The Code defines USRPIs to include direct holdings of U.S. real property and any interest (other than an interest solely as a creditor) in a “United States real property holding corporation” or a former United States real property holding corporation. The Code defines a United States real property holding corporation as any corporation whose USRPIs make up 50% or more of the fair market value of its USRPIs, its interests in real property located outside the United States, plus any other assets it uses in a trade or business. In general, if the Fund is a United States real property holding corporation (determined without regard to certain exceptions), distributions by the Fund that are attributable to (i) gains realized on the disposition of USPRIs by the Fund and (ii) distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands will retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the foreign persons and will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a U.S. tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a non-U.S. shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., ordinary income or USRPI gain) will vary depending on the extent of the non-U.S. shareholder’s current and past ownership of the Fund.

 

In addition, if the Fund is a United States real property holding corporation or former United States real property holding corporation, the Fund may be required to withhold U.S. tax upon a redemption of shares by a greater-than-5% shareholder that is a foreign person, and that shareholder would be required to file a U.S. income tax return for the year of the disposition of the USRPI and pay any additional tax due on the gain. However, no such withholding is generally required with respect to amounts paid in redemption of shares of a fund if the fund is a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, or, in certain other limited cases, if a fund (whether or not domestically controlled) holds substantial investments in RICs that are domestically controlled qualified investment entities.

 

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) generally requires the Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders. If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA, the Fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on Fund dividends and distributions and redemption proceeds. Pursuant to recently proposed regulations, the Treasury Department has indicated its intent to eliminate the requirements under FATCA of withholding on gross proceeds from the sale, exchange, maturity or other disposition of relevant financial instruments (including redemption of shares of a RIC). The Treasury Department has indicated that taxpayers may rely on these proposed regulations pending their finalization. The Fund may disclose the information that it receives from (or concerning) its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA, related intergovernmental agreements or other applicable law or regulation. Each investor is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

 

 50 
  

 

For foreign shareholders to qualify for an exemption from backup withholding, described above, the foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign shareholders in the Fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.

 

Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements, 401(k) plans, and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). Under current law, the Fund generally serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders with respect to their shares of Fund income. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, tax-exempt shareholders could realize UBTI by virtue of their investment in the Fund if, for example, (i) the Fund invests in residual interests of Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (“REMICs”), (ii) the Fund invests in a REIT that is a taxable mortgage pool (“TMP”) or that has a subsidiary that is a TMP or that invests in the residual interest of a REMIC, or (iii) Shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholders within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Code. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special rules and should consult their tax advisers. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are strongly encouraged to consult with their tax advisers regarding these issues.

 

Certain Potential Tax Reporting Requirements. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of the Fund’s Shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Significant penalties may be imposed for the failure to comply with the reporting requirements. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

Additional Tax Information Concerning REITs and MLPs. The Fund may invest in entities treated as REITs or as MLPs for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Fund’s investments in REIT or MLP equity securities may at times result in the Fund’s receipt of cash distributions in excess of the REIT’s or MLP’s earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT, and distributions received by the Fund from an MLP, generally will not constitute qualified dividend income. MLPs and other partnerships that the Fund may invest in will deliver Form K-1s to the Fund to report its share of income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of the MLP or other partnership. These Form K-1s may be delayed and may not be received until after the time that the Fund issues its tax reporting statements. As a result, the Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify the amount and character of its distributions to you after it issues you your tax reporting statement.

 

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, qualified REIT dividends (i.e., REIT dividends other than capital gain dividends and portions of REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income) are eligible for a 20% federal income tax deduction in the case of individuals, trusts and estates. If the Fund receives qualified REIT dividends, it may elect to pass the special character of this income through to its shareholders. To be eligible to treat distributions from the Fund as qualified REIT dividends, a shareholder must hold shares of the Fund for more than 45 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date that is 45 days before the date on which the shares become ex dividend with respect to such dividend and the shareholder must not be under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. If the Fund does not elect to pass the special character of this income through to shareholders or if a shareholder does not satisfy the above holding period requirements, the shareholder will not be entitled to the 20% deduction for the shareholder’s share of the Fund’s qualified REIT dividend income while direct investors in REITs may be entitled to the deduction. A similar deduction is available for qualified publicly traded partnership income. However, RICs currently cannot pass the special character of this income through to shareholders. As a result, direct investors in MLPs may be entitled to this deduction while investors who invest in the Fund will not be entitled to this deduction with respect to the Fund’s qualified publicly traded partnership income.

 

Other Issues. In those states which have income tax laws, the tax treatment of the Fund and of Fund shareholders with respect to distributions by the Fund may differ from federal income tax treatment. Shares held in a tax-qualified retirement account will generally not be subject to federal taxation on income and capital gains distributions from the Fund until a shareholder begins receiving payments from their retirement account. Because each shareholder’s tax situation is different, shareholders should consult their tax advisor about the tax implications of an investment in the Fund.

 

Financial Statements

 

The audited financial statements and related report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the Trust’s Annual Report, are hereby incorporated herein by reference. The audited financial statements in the Trust’s Annual Report have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. A copy of the Trust’s Annual Report may be obtained upon request and without charge by calling 844-GRN-TSHR (844-476-8747) during normal business hours. No other portions of the Fund’s Annual Report are incorporated herein by reference.

 

51
 

 

Appendix A

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

  
 

 

PART C

 

OTHER INFORMATION

 

GraniteShares ETF Trust

 

Item 28. Exhibits

 

(a)(1) Certificate of Trust of GraniteShares ETF Trust, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 23, 2016.
   
(a)(2) Declaration of Trust of GraniteShares ETF Trust, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 23, 2016.
   
(b) Bylaws of GraniteShares ETF Trust, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.
   
(c) Not Applicable
   
(d)(1) Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and GraniteShares Advisors LLC, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2018.
   
(d)(2) Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and GraniteShares Advisors LLC, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2019.
   
(d)(3) Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and GraniteShares Advisors LLC (filed herewith).
   
(e)(1)(a) Distribution Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Distributor, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.
   
(e)(1)(b) First Amendment to Distribution Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Distributor, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2017.
   
(e)(1)(c) Second Amendment to Distribution Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Distributor, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 13, 2017.
   
(e)(1)(d) Third Amendment to Distribution Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Distributor, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2019.

 

  
 

 

(e)(1)(e) Fourth Amendment to Distribution Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Distributor, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2019.
   
(e)(2) Form of Authorized Participant Agreement, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.
   
(f) Not applicable
   
(g)(1) Custody Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Custodian, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.
   
(g)(2) Schedule II, as amended October 11, 2017, to the Custody Agreement dated March 6, 2017 between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 13, 2017.
   
(g)(3) Schedule II, as amended January 18, 2019, to the Custody Agreement dated March 6, 2017 between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2019.
   
(g)(4) Schedule II, as amended August 20, 2019, to the Custody Agreement dated March 6, 2017 between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2019.
   
(g)(5) Form of Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and The Bank of New York Mellon, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2019.
   
(h)(1)(a) Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Administrator, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.
   
(h)(1)(b) Exhibit A, as amended October 11, 2017, to the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement dated March 6, 2017 between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 13, 2017.

 

  
 

 

(h)(1)(c) Exhibit A, as amended January 18, 2019, to the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement dated March 6, 2017 between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2019.
   
(h)(1)(d) Exhibit A, as amended August 20, 2019, to the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement dated March 6, 2017 between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2019.
   
(h)(2)(a) Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Transfer Agent, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.
   
(h)(2)(b) Appendix A, as amended October 11, 2017, to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Transfer Agent, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 13, 2017.
   
(h)(2)(c) Appendix A, as amended January 18, 2019, to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Transfer Agent, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2019.
   
(h)(2)(d) Appendix A, as amended August 20, 2019, to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and Transfer Agent, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2019.
   
(i) Opinion and Consent of Counsel, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2018.
   
(j) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is filed herewith.
   
(k) Not applicable.
   
(l) Form of Initial Capital Agreement, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.
   
(m) Form of Distribution and Service Plan, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.

 

  
 

 

(n) Not applicable
   
(o) Reserved
   
(p)(1) Code of Ethics of GraniteShares ETF Trust, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.
   
(p)(2) Code of Ethics of the GraniteShares Advisors LLC, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.
   
(p)(3) Code of Ethics of Distributor, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017.
   
(q) Powers of Attorney, dated October 27, 2017, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214796 and 811-23214) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 18, 2017.

 

Item 29. Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with Registrant

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 30. Indemnification

 

Reference is made to Article Nine of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust, which is incorporated by reference herein. The general effect of the indemnification available to an officer or trustee may be to reduce the circumstances under which the officer or trustee is required to bear the economic burden of liabilities and expenses related to actions taken by the individual in his or her capacity as an officer or trustee.

 

The Registrant (sometimes referred to as the “Trust”) is organized as a Delaware statutory trust and is operated pursuant to a Declaration of Trust that permits the Registrant to indemnify every person who is, or has been, a trustee, officer, or employee of the Trust, including persons who serve at the request of the Trust as directors, trustees, officers, or employees of another organization in which the Trust has an interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (each, a “Covered Person”). Each Covered Person is indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he or she becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been such a director, trustee, officer, employee or agent and against amounts paid or incurred by him in settlement thereof. This indemnification is subject to the following conditions:

 

No indemnification is provided to a Covered Person:

 

(a) For a liability to the Trust or its shareholders arising out of a final adjudication by the court or other body before which the proceeding was brought that the Covered Person engaged in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office;

 

(b) With respect to any matter as to which the Covered Person has been finally adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interests of the Trust; or

 

  
 

 

(c) In the event of a settlement or other disposition not involving a final adjudication (as provided in paragraph (a) or (b) above) and resulting in a payment by a Covered Person, unless there has been either a determination that such Covered Person did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office by the court or other body approving the settlement or other disposition, or a reasonable determination, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that he or she did not engage in such conduct, such determination being made by: (i) a vote of a majority of the Disinterested Trustees (as such term is defined in the Declaration of Trust) acting on the matter (provided that a majority of Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter); or (ii) a written opinion of independent legal counsel.

 

The rights of indemnification under the Declaration of Trust may be insured against by policies maintained by the Trust; are severable; will not affect any other rights to which any Covered Person is entitled; will continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Covered Person; and will inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Nothing contained in the Declaration of Trust will affect any rights to indemnification to which Trust personnel other than Covered Persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.

 

Expenses of preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding subject to a claim for indemnification under Article 9 of the Declaration of Trust will be advanced by the Trust prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the recipient to repay such amount if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification under Article 9 of the Declaration of Trust, provided that either:

 

(a) Such undertaking is secured by a surety bond or some other appropriate security or the Trust is insured against losses arising out of any such advances; or

 

(b) A majority of the Disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter) or independent legal counsel in a written opinion determines, based upon a review of the readily available facts (as opposed to the facts available upon a full trial), that there is reason to believe that the recipient ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Declaration of Trust or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, and therefore, is unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by trustees, officers or controlling persons of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any act, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustees, officers or controlling persons in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issues.

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Advisor

 

Reference is made to the caption “Management” in the Prospectus constituting Part A of this Registration Statement.

 

The information as to the directors and officers of the GraniteShares Advisors LLC set forth in GraniteShares Advisors LLC’s Form ADV filed with the SEC (Reference No. 801-110093), and amended through the date hereof, is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 32. Principal Underwriters

 

(a) Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:

 

1. ABS Long/Short Strategies Fund
2. Absolute Shares Trust

 

  
 

 

3. AdvisorShares Trust
4. American Century ETF Trust
5. Amplify ETF Trust
6. ARK ETF Trust
7. Bluestone Community Development Fund (f/k/a The 504 Fund)
8. Braddock Multi-Strategy Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
9. Bridgeway Funds, Inc.
10. Brinker Capital Destinations Trust
11. Center Coast Brookfield MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund
12. Cliffwater Corporate Lending Fund
13. CornerCap Group of Funds
14. Davis Fundamental ETF Trust
15. Direxion Shares ETF Trust
16. Eaton Vance NextShares Trust
17. Eaton Vance NextShares Trust II
18. EIP Investment Trust
19. Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
20. EntrepreneurShares Series Trust
21. Evanston Alternative Opportunities Fund
22. EventShares U.S. Policy Alpha ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust (f/k/a Active Weighting Funds ETF Trust)
23. Exchange Listed Funds Trust (f/k/a Exchange Traded Concepts Trust II)
24. Fiera Capital Series Trust
25. FlexShares Trust
26. Forum Funds
27. Forum Funds II
28. FQF Trust
29. Friess Small Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
30. GraniteShares ETF Trust
31. Guinness Atkinson Funds
32. Infinity Core Alternative Fund
33. Innovator ETFs Trust
34. Innovator ETFs Trust II (f/k/a Elkhorn ETF Trust)
35. Ironwood Institutional Multi-Strategy Fund LLC
36. Ironwood Multi-Strategy Fund LLC
37. IVA Fiduciary Trust
38. John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust
39. Manor Investment Funds
40. Miller/Howard Funds Trust
41. Miller/Howard High Income Equity Fund
42. Moerus Worldwide Value Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust IV
43. Morningstar Funds Trust
44. Pickens Morningstar® Renewable Energy Response™ ETF
45. OSI ETF Trust
46. Overlay Shares Core Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
47. Overlay Shares Foreign Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
48. Overlay Shares Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
49. Overlay Shares Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
50. Overlay Shares Small Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
51. Pacific Global ETF Trust
52. Palmer Square Opportunistic Income Fund
53. Partners Group Private Income Opportunities, LLC
54. PENN Capital Funds Trust
55. Performance Trust Mutual Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
56. Plan Investment Fund, Inc.
57. PMC Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
58. Point Bridge GOP Stock Tracker ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

 

  
 

 

59. Quaker Investment Trust
60. Ranger Funds Investment Trust
61. Renaissance Capital Greenwich Funds
62. RMB Investors Trust (f/k/a Burnham Investors Trust)
63. Robinson Opportunistic Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
64. Robinson Tax Advantaged Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
65. Roundhill BITKRAFT Esports & Digital Entertainment ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
66. Salient MF Trust
67. SharesPost 100 Fund
68. Six Circles Trust
69. Sound Shore Fund, Inc.
70. Steben Alternative Investment Funds
71. Strategy Shares
72. Syntax ETF Trust
73. Tactical Income ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust
74. The Chartwell Funds
75. The Community Development Fund
76. The Relative Value Fund
77. Third Avenue Trust
78. Third Avenue Variable Series Trust
79. Tidal ETF Trust
80. TIFF Investment Program
81. Timothy Plan High Dividend Stock ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan
82. Timothy Plan US Large Cap Core ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan
83. Transamerica ETF Trust
84. U.S. Global Investors Funds
85. Variant Alternative Income Fund
86. VictoryShares Developed Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
87. VictoryShares Dividend Accelerator ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
88. VictoryShares Emerging Market High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
89. VictoryShares Emerging Market Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
90. VictoryShares International High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
91. VictoryShares International Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
92. VictoryShares US 500 Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
93. VictoryShares US 500 Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
94. VictoryShares US Discovery Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
95. VictoryShares US EQ Income Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
96. VictoryShares US Large Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
97. VictoryShares US Multi-Factor Minimum Volatility ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
98. VictoryShares US Small Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
99. VictoryShares US Small Cap Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
100. VictoryShares USAA Core Intermediate-Term Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
101. VictoryShares USAA Core Short-Term Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
102. VictoryShares USAA MSCI Emerging Markets Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
103. VictoryShares USAA MSCI International Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
104. VictoryShares USAA MSCI USA Small Cap Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
105. VictoryShares USAA MSCI USA Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
106. Vivaldi Opportunities Fund
107. West Loop Realty Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust (f/k/a Chilton Realty Income & Growth Fund)
108. WisdomTree Trust
109. WST Investment Trust
110. XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust

 

(b) The following are the Officers and Manager of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter. The Distributor’s main business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.

 

  
 

 

Name   Address   Position with Underwriter   Position with Registrant
Richard J. Berthy   Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101   President, Treasurer and Manager   None
Mark A. Fairbanks   Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101   Vice President   None
Jennifer K. DiValerio   899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312   Vice President   None
Nanette K. Chern   Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101   Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer   None
Jennifer E. Hoopes   Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101   Secretary   None

 

(c) Not applicable.

 

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

 

All accounts, books and other documents required by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules thereunder are maintained at:

 

GraniteShares Advisors LLC

205 Hudson Street, 7th Floor

New York, New York 10013

 

Item 34. Management Services

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 35. Undertakings

 

Not applicable.

 

  
 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, each as amended, GraniteShares ETF Trust has duly caused this amendment to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of New York, and State of New York on this 28th day of October, 2019.

 

  GRANITESHARES ETF TRUST
   
  By: /s/ William Rhind
    William Rhind
    President

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated have signed the Registration Statement below.

 

Signatures   Title   Date
         
/s/ William Rhind   Trustee, President   October 28, 2019
William Rhind   (Principal Executive Officer)    
    and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
   
         
/s/ Seddik Meziani*   Independent Trustee   October 28, 2019
Seddik Meziani        
         
/s/ Steven Smyser*   Independent Trustee   October 28, 2019
Steven Smyser        

 

*By /s/ Benoit Autier  
  Benoit Autier  
  Attorney-in-Fact  

 

Pursuant to Powers of Attorney, dated October 27, 2017, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (q) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, filed December 18, 2017.

 

  
 

 

Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit No.   Description
     
(d)(3)   Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between GraniteShares ETF Trust and GraniteShares Advisors LLC
     
(j)   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm