485APOS 1 d571229d485apos.htm BRINKER CAPITAL DESTINATIONS TRUST Brinker Capital Destinations Trust
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 27, 2018

Securities Act File No. 333-214364

Investment Company Act No. 811-23207

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM N-1A

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

   THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933  
   POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 2  

AND

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

   THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940  
   AMENDMENT NO. 5  

 

 

Brinker Capital Destinations Trust

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

 

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)

(610) 407-8348

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

The Corporation Trust Company

1209 Orange Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19801

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective

(Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering)

 

 

It is proposed that this filing become effective (check appropriate box)

 

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
on [date] pursuant to paragraph (b)
60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
on June 28, 2018 pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
on [date] pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485.

If appropriate check the following box:

 

This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

Brinker Capital Destinations Trust

Prospectus

[June 30], 2018

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

Class I Shares (DLCFX)

Class Z Shares (DLCZX)

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

Class I Shares (DSMFX)

Class Z Shares (DSMZX)

Destinations International Equity Fund

Class I Shares (DIEFX)

Class Z Shares (DIEZX)

Destinations Equity Income Fund

Class I Shares (DGEFX)

Class Z Shares (DGEZX)

Destinations Real Assets Fund

Class I Shares (DRAFX)

Class Z Shares (DRAZX)

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

Class I Shares (DCFFX)

Class Z Shares (DCFZX)

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

Class I Shares (DLDFX)

Class Z Shares (DLDZX)

Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund

Class I Shares (DGFFX)

Class Z Shares (DGFZX)

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Class I Shares (DMFFX)

Class Z Shares (DMFZX)

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

Class I Shares (DMSFX)

Class Z Shares (DMSZX)

 

INVESTMENT PRODUCTS: NOT FDIC INSURED ● NO BANK GUARANTEE ● MAY LOSE VALUE

The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined whether this Prospectus is accurate or complete. Any statement to the contrary is a crime.

 


Table of Contents

Brinker Capital Destinations Trust

Contents

 

Fund summaries

     1  

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

     1  

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

     5  

Destinations International Equity Fund

     9  

Destinations Equity Income Fund

     14  

Destinations Real Assets Fund

     19  

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

     24  

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

     29  

Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund

     34  

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

     39  

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

     44  

Fund details

     50  

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

     50  

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

     55  

Destinations International Equity Fund

     59  

Destinations Equity Income Fund

     66  

Destinations Real Assets Fund

     72  

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

     79  

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

     86  

Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund

     94  

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

     100  

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

     105  

About the Funds

     114  

Portfolio holdings

     114  

Fund management

     114  

Investment and account information

     122  

Pricing of Fund Shares

     122  

Fair Value Pricing

     122  

How to Buy Shares

     123  

How to Sell Shares

     123  

Account and Transaction Policies

     124  

Payment of Redemption Proceeds

     124  

Electronic Delivery

     124  

Unclaimed Property

     124  

Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares

     124  

Dividends and Distributions

     125  

Tax Consequences

     125  

Financial Highlights

     126  

 


Table of Contents

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund (DLCFX)

Investment objective

Long term capital appreciation.

Fund fees and expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

   Class I     Class Z  

Management Fees

     [0.75 ]%      [0.75 ]% 

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

     [None     [None

Other Expenses

     [0.19 ]%      [0.04 ]%^ 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     [0.94 ]%      [0.79 ]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [(0.12 )]%      [(0.12 )]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Less Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [0.82 ]%*      [0.67 ]%* 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

^ Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[* Effective June 30, 2018, the Fund’s adviser, Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker” or the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for a period of one year as necessary to keep the Fund’s management fee from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser. This contractual waiver will only apply if the Fund’s total management fees exceed the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser plus 0.39%, and will not affect the Fund’s total management fees if they are less than such amount. This fee waiver and reimbursement agreement shall remain in effect until June 30, 2019. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees. ]

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     After 1 year      After 3 years      After 5 years      After 10 years  

Class I Shares

   $  [84    $  [288    $  [508    $  [1,144

Class Z Shares

   $  [68    $  [240    $  [427    [976

Portfolio turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transactions costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the above examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [52]% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in the equity securities of large capitalization companies. The Fund defines large cap companies as companies whose market capitalizations typically fall within the range of the Russell 1000® Index, which ranged from approximately $[                ] to $[                ] as of the last reconstitution of the index on [May 12, 2017]. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of exchange-

 

1


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traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund invests primarily in common and preferred stock, rights or warrants to purchase common or preferred stock, securities convertible into common or preferred stock such as convertible preferred stock, bonds or debentures, and other securities with equity characteristics. An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors about the company or the market.

The Fund may also invest in futures contracts for speculative or hedging purposes.

Although most assets will typically be invested in U.S. common stocks, the Fund may invest directly in foreign stocks or indirectly through depositary receipts in keeping with the Fund’s objectives.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, where the Sub-adviser believes the security will no longer contribute to meeting the investment objective of the Fund or selling the security will help the Fund to secure gains, limit losses, or redeploy assets into more promising opportunities.

Principal risks of investing in the Fund

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. Accordingly, the Fund may experience volatility with respect to the value of its shares and its returns as a result of its exposure to foreign currencies through direct holdings of such currencies or holdings in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.

Depositary Receipts Risk. Because the Fund may invest in ADRs and other domestically-traded securities of foreign companies, the Fund’s share price may be more affected by foreign economic and political conditions, taxation policies and accounting and auditing standards than would otherwise be the case.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as futures, involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such derivatives include tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivatives may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as market, interest rate, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities. When the Fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses.

Foreign Securities Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar.

 

2


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Interest Rate Risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Please see “Principal Risks of the Funds” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

Performance

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, performance information will be provided that will give some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment adviser

Brinker Capital, Inc. serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (the Sub-advisers), each of which is responsible for investing a portion of the assets of the Fund as allocated by the Adviser. The Adviser’s portfolio management team is jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Sub-advisers and the Fund. Where more than one person is listed with respect to a Sub-adviser, the sub-advisory team is jointly and primarily responsible for the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to such Sub-adviser.

 

Portfolio Manager

   Experience with the Fund    Title with Adviser

Jeff Raupp, CFA

   2017    Director of Investments

Amy Magnotta, CFA

   2017    Senior Vice President

Leigh Lowman, CFA

   2017    Investment Manager

 

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Sub-advisers and Portfolio Managers (Title)    Fund’s
Portfolio
Manager
Since
 

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC

  

Alan Mason, Portfolio Manager

     2017  

Jennifer Hsui, CFA, Portfolio Manager

     2018  

Creighton Jue, CFA, Portfolio Manager

     2017  

Rachel Aguirre, Portfolio Manager

     2017  

Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC

  

Thomas Galvin, CFA, Senior Portfolio Manager and Head of Focused Large Cap Growth

     2017  

Richard Carter, Senior Portfolio Manager

     2017  

Todd Herget, Senior Portfolio Manager

     2017  

Delaware Investments Fund Advisers

  

D. Tysen Nutt, Jr., CFA, Senior Vice President, Senior Portfolio Manager, Team Leader

     2017  

Robert A. Vogel, Jr., CFA, Vice President, Senior Portfolio Manager

     2017  

Nikhil G. Lalvani, CFA, Vice President, Senior Portfolio Manager

     2017  

Kristen E. Bartholdson, Vice President, Senior Portfolio Manager

     2017  

Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc.

  

James E. Wilhelm Jr., Managing Director, Head of Public Equity, Senior Portfolio Manager

     2017  

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

  

Joseph B. Fath, CPA, Portfolio Manager

     2017  

TCW Investment Management Company, LLC

  

Diane E. Jaffee, Group Managing Director

     2017  

Purchase and sale of Fund shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Brinker Capital Destinations (“Destinations”), an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Fund as an investment solution.

There are no initial or subsequent minimum purchase amounts for the Fund. Orders to sell or “redeem” shares must be placed directly with Brinker Capital. You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open.

Tax information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two.

Payments to financial intermediaries

Neither Brinker Capital nor the Fund pays financial intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares. If your Fund shares are held through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay such intermediary for services that the intermediary provides to you as a shareholder of the Fund, such as setting up and maintaining your account, processing and settling transactions, providing account statements, maintaining records, and sending you prospectuses and other reports. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund (DSMFX)

Investment objective

Long term capital appreciation.

Fund fees and expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

   Class I     Class Z  

Management Fees

     [0.90 ]%      [0.90 ]% 

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

     [None     [None

Other Expenses

     [0.19 ]%      [0.04 ]%^ 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (AFFE)

     [0.01 ]%      [0.01 ]% 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     [1.10 ]%      [0.95 ]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [(0.11 )]%      [(0.11 )]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Less Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [0.99 ]%*      [0.84 ]%* 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

^ Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[* Effective June 30, 2018, the Fund’s adviser, Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker” or the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for a period of one year as necessary to keep the Fund’s management fee from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser. This contractual waiver will only apply if the Fund’s total management fees exceed the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser plus 0.39%, and will not affect the Fund’s total management fees if they are less than such amount. This fee waiver and reimbursement agreement shall remain in effect until June 30, 2019. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees.]

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     After 1 year      After 3 years      After 5 years     After 10 years  

Class I Shares

   $ [101    $ [339    $ [596   $ [1,330

Class Z Shares

   $ [86    $ [292    $ [515   $ [1,156

Portfolio turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transactions costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the above examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [112]% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in the equity securities of small- and mid-capitalization companies. The Fund defines small-mid cap companies as companies whose market capitalizations typically fall within the range of either the Russell Midcap® Index or the Russell 2000® Index, which together ranged from approximately $[                ] to $[                ] as of the last reconstitution of the indexes on [May 12, 2017]. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

 

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The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund invests primarily in common and preferred stock, rights or warrants to purchase common or preferred stock, securities convertible into common or preferred stock such as convertible preferred stock, bonds or debentures, and other securities with equity characteristics. An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors about the company or the market.

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities of micro-cap companies. The Fund invests in securities of companies operating in a broad range of industries. Most of these companies are based in the United States, but in some instances, may be headquartered in or doing a substantial portion of their business overseas. Although most assets will typically be invested in U.S. common stocks, the Fund may invest directly in foreign stocks or indirectly through depositary receipts in keeping with the Fund’s objectives.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, where the Sub-adviser believes selling the security will help the Fund to secure gains, limit losses, or redeploy assets into more promising opportunities, or the valuation is no longer attractive.

[Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.]

Principal risks of investing in the Fund

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. Accordingly, the Fund may experience volatility with respect to the value of its shares and its returns as a result of its exposure to foreign currencies through direct holdings of such currencies or holdings in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.

Depositary Receipts Risk. Because the Fund may invest in ADRs and other domestically-traded securities of foreign companies, the Fund’s share price may be more affected by foreign economic and political conditions, taxation policies and accounting and auditing standards than would otherwise be the case.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities. When the Fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses.

Foreign Securities Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar.

 

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Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.

Mid-Cap Securities Risk. Mid-capitalization stocks tend to perform differently from other segments of the equity market or the equity market as a whole, and can be more volatile than stocks of large-capitalization companies. Mid-capitalization companies may be newer or less established, and may have limited resources, products and markets, and may be less liquid.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.

[Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent buying and selling of investments may involve higher trading costs and other expenses and may affect the Fund’s performance over time.]

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Small-Cap and Micro-Cap Securities Risk. Small capitalization stocks may underperform other types of stocks or the equity market as a whole. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, or may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group. In addition, small-cap stocks typically are traded in lower volume, are less liquid, and their issuers typically are subject to greater degrees of changes in their earnings and prospects. These risks may be heightened with respect to micro-cap companies.

Please see “Principal Risks of the Funds” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

Performance

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, performance information will be provided that will give some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment adviser

Brinker Capital, Inc. serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (the Sub-advisers), each of which is responsible for investing a portion of the assets of the Fund as allocated by the Adviser. The Adviser’s portfolio management team is jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Sub-advisers and the Fund. Where more than one person is listed with respect to a Sub-adviser, the sub-advisory team is jointly and primarily responsible for the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to such Sub-adviser.

 

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Portfolio Manager

   Experience with the Fund    Title with Adviser

Jeff Raupp, CFA

   2017    Director of Investments

Amy Magnotta, CFA

   2017    Senior Vice President

Leigh Lowman, CFA

   2017    Investment Manager

 

Sub-advisers and Portfolio Managers (Title)    Fund’s
Portfolio
Manager
Since

Ceredex Value Advisors LLC

  

Don Wordell, CFA, Managing Director

   2017

Driehaus Capital Management LLC

  

Jeff James, Portfolio Manager

   2017

Michael Buck, Assistant Portfolio Manager

   2017

LMCG Investments, LLC

  

R. Todd Vingers, CFA, Managing Director, Value Equities

   2017

Purchase and sale of Fund shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Brinker Capital Destinations (“Destinations”), an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Fund as an investment solution.

There are no initial or subsequent minimum purchase amounts for the Fund. Orders to sell or “redeem” shares must be placed directly with Brinker Capital. You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open.

Tax information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two.

Payments to financial intermediaries

Neither Brinker Capital nor the Fund pays financial intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares. If your Fund shares are held through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay such intermediary for services that the intermediary provides to you as a shareholder of the Fund, such as setting up and maintaining your account, processing and settling transactions, providing account statements, maintaining records, and sending you prospectuses and other reports. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Destinations International Equity Fund (DIEFX)

Investment objective

Long term capital appreciation.

Fund fees and expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

   Class I     Class Z  

Management Fees

     [1.00 ]%      [1.00 ]% 

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

     [None     [None

Other Expenses

     [0.23 ]%      [0.08 ]%^ 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (AFFE)

     [0.02 ]%      [0.02 ]% 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     [1.25 ]%      [1.10 ]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [(0.11 )]%      [(0.11 )]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Less Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [1.14 ]%*      [0.99 ]%* 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

^ Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[* Effective June 30, 2018, the Fund’s adviser, Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker” or the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for a period of one year as necessary to keep the Fund’s management fee from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser. This contractual waiver will only apply if the Fund’s total management fees exceed the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser plus 0.39%, and will not affect the Fund’s total management fees if they are less than such amount. This fee waiver and reimbursement agreement shall remain in effect until June 30, 2019. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees.]

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     After 1 year      After 3 years      After 5 years     After 10 years  

Class I Shares

   $ [116    $ [386    $  [676   $ [1,502

Class Z Shares

   $ [101    $ [339    $ [596   $ [1,330

Portfolio turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transactions costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the above examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [50]% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in equity securities. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for

 

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investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund’s assets will primarily be invested in foreign equity securities, including emerging market and frontier market equity securities, of any capitalization. Equity securities include common stock, preferred stock and securities convertible into common or preferred stock, warrants and rights, depositary receipts, and other securities with equity characteristics (for example, participatory notes or derivatives linked to a basket of underlying equity securities, certain options on common stock, and exchange-traded funds).

The Fund’s Sub-advisers will employ a number of different investment approaches. The portfolios of some Sub-advisers may, at times, be concentrated in a particular geographic region, country or small number of countries, or in a single or small number of industries or sectors. Other Sub-advisers will manage a more broadly diversified portfolio that focuses more on stocks of larger companies or various capitalization levels. Other Sub-advisers may invest in foreign companies with market capitalizations of less than $1 billion, referred to as “micro-cap” companies.

It is expected that, under normal market conditions, at least 40% of the Fund’s assets will be invested in the securities of companies that are tied economically to at least three countries outside the U.S.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, where the Sub-adviser believes selling the security will help the Fund to secure gains, limit losses, or redeploy assets into more promising opportunities, or the valuation is no longer attractive.

The Fund’s investments in developing countries generally are traded in currencies other than U.S. dollars. As a result, certain Sub-advisers will buy and sell foreign currencies to facilitate transactions in portfolio securities. Certain Sub-advisers will invest in derivatives, including futures, forwards, options and swaps, primarily to increase or decrease currency exposure and for other investment purposes. However, not all Sub-advisers will hedge their portfolios against possible fluctuations in exchange rates.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

[Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.]

Principal risks of investing in the Fund

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Concentration Risk. Issuers in a single country, a small number of countries, or a particular geographic region or issuers in an industry or sector can react similarly to market, economic, political, regulatory, geopolitical, and other conditions.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. Accordingly, the Fund may experience volatility with respect to the value of its shares and its returns as a result of its exposure to foreign currencies through direct holdings of such currencies or holdings in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.

Depositary Receipts Risk. Because the Fund may invest in ADRs and other domestically-traded securities of foreign companies, the Fund’s share price may be more affected by foreign economic and political conditions, taxation policies and accounting and auditing standards than would otherwise be the case.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, options and swaps, involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such derivatives include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivatives may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as market, interest rate, credit, counterparty, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.

 

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Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities. When the Fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses.

Foreign and Emerging Markets Securities Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar. Investments in emerging markets can involve additional and greater risks than the risks associated with investments in developed foreign markets. Emerging markets can have less developed markets, greater custody and operational risk, less developed legal, regulatory, and accounting systems, and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Frontier markets, considered by the Fund to be a subset of emerging markets, generally have smaller economies and less mature capital markets than emerging markets. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities

[Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent buying and selling of investments may involve higher trading costs and other expenses and may affect the Fund’s performance over time.]

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

 

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Small-Cap and Micro-Cap Securities Risk. Small capitalization stocks may underperform other types of stocks or the equity market as a whole. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, or may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group. In addition, small-cap stocks typically are traded in lower volume, are less liquid, and their issuers typically are subject to greater degrees of changes in their earnings and prospects. These risks may be heightened with respect to micro-cap companies.

Please see “Principal Risks of the Funds” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

Performance

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, performance information will be provided that will give some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment adviser

Brinker Capital, Inc. serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (the Sub-advisers), each of which is responsible for investing a portion of the assets of the Fund as allocated by the Adviser. The Adviser’s portfolio management team is jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Sub-advisers and the Fund. Where more than one person is listed with respect to a Sub-adviser, the sub-advisory team is jointly and primarily responsible for the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to such Sub-adviser.

 

Portfolio Manager

   Experience with the Fund   

Title with Adviser

Jeff Raupp, CFA

   2017    Director of Investments

Amy Magnotta, CFA

   2017    Senior Vice President

Leigh Lowman, CFA

   2017    Investment Manager

 

Sub-advisers and Portfolio Managers (Title)   

Fund’s

Portfolio

Manager

Since

 

BAMCO, Inc.

  

Michael Kass, Vice President, Portfolio Manager

     2017  

MFS Investment Management

  

Pablo De La Mata, Investment Officer

Benjamin Stone, Investment Officer

    

2017

2017

 

 

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

  

Richard N. Clattenburg, CFA, Portfolio Manager

     2017  

Wasatch Advisors, Inc.

  

Jared Whatcott, CFA, Portfolio Manager

Linda Lasater, CFA, Portfolio Manager

Allison He, CFA, Associate Portfolio Manager

    

2017

2017

2018

 

 

 

Purchase and sale of Fund shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Brinker Capital Destinations (“Destinations”), an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Fund as an investment solution.

There are no initial or subsequent minimum purchase amounts for the Fund. Orders to sell or “redeem” shares must be placed directly with Brinker Capital. You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open.

 

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Tax information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two.

Payments to financial intermediaries

Neither Brinker Capital nor the Fund pays financial intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares. If your Fund shares are held through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay such intermediary for services that the intermediary provides to you as a shareholder of the Funds, such as setting up and maintaining your account, processing and settling transactions, providing account statements, maintaining records, and sending you prospectuses and other reports. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Destinations Equity Income Fund (DGEFX)

Investment objective

Primary objective of current income with secondary objective of long-term capital appreciation.

Fund fees and expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

   Class I     Class Z  

Management Fees

     [0.80 ]%      [0.80 ]% 

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

     [None     [None

Other Expenses

     [0.23 ]%      [0.08 ]%^ 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (AFFE)

     [0.02 ]%      [0.02 ]% 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     [1.05 ]%      [0.90 ]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [(0.13 )]%      [(0.13 )]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Less Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [0.92 ]%*      [0.77 ]%* 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

^ Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[* Effective June 30, 2018, the Fund’s adviser, Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker” or the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for a period of one year as necessary to keep the Fund’s management fee from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser. This contractual waiver will only apply if the Fund’s total management fees exceed the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser plus 0.39%, and will not affect the Fund’s total management fees if they are less than such amount. This fee waiver and reimbursement agreement shall remain in effect until June 30, 2019. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees.]

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     After 1 year      After 3 years      After 5 years     After 10 years  

Class I Shares

   $ [94    $ [321    $ [567   $ [1,271

Class Z Shares

   $ [79    $ [274    $ [486   $ [1,096

Portfolio turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transactions costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the above examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [57]% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in dividend-paying securities of both U.S.-based and foreign companies. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for

 

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investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund invests primarily in common stock, preferred stock, interests in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), foreign securities, American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), equity-linked notes and derivatives that are believed to be attractively valued and to have the potential for long-term growth. An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors. In selecting investments for purchase and sale, the Fund seeks to deliver a dividend yield that is higher than the broad market and to pursue competitive performance in all market environments.

The Fund may invest up to 40% of its net assets in foreign securities, including emerging and frontier markets. The Sub-advisers may attempt to hedge against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates by engaging in forward currency transactions or currency swaps and trading currency futures contracts and options on these futures. However, a Sub-adviser may choose not to, or may be unable to, hedge the Fund’s currency exposure.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, where the Sub-adviser believes the combination of dividend yield and dividend growth becomes inadequate, the investment thesis deteriorates or there is diminished management commitment to the dividend.

Principal risks of investing in the Fund

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. Accordingly, the Fund may experience volatility with respect to the value of its shares and its returns as a result of its exposure to foreign currencies through direct holdings of such currencies or holdings in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.

Depositary Receipts Risk. Because the Fund may invest in ADRs and other domestically-traded securities of foreign companies, the Fund’s share price may be more affected by foreign economic and political conditions, taxation policies and accounting and auditing standards than would otherwise be the case.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, options and swaps, involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such derivatives include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivatives may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as market, interest rate, credit, counterparty, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.

Dividend Income Risk. There is no guarantee that the issuers of the stocks held by the Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if dividends are declared, they will remain at their current levels or increase over time.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities. When the Fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses.

 

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Foreign and Emerging Markets Securities Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar. Investments in emerging markets can involve additional and greater risks than the risks associated with investments in developed foreign markets. Emerging markets can have less developed markets, greater custody and operational risk, less developed legal, regulatory, and accounting systems, and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Frontier markets, considered by the Fund to be a subset of emerging markets, generally have smaller economies and less mature capital markets than emerging markets. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.

Mid-Cap Securities Risk. Mid-capitalization stocks tend to perform differently from other segments of the equity market or the equity market as a whole, and can be more volatile than stocks of large-capitalization companies. Mid-capitalization companies may be newer or less established, and may have limited resources, products and markets, and may be less liquid.

Multi-manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) Risk. REITs are trusts that invest primarily in commercial real estate or real estate-related loans. The Fund’s investments in REITs will be subject to the risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Risks commonly associated with the direct ownership of real estate include fluctuations in the value of underlying properties, defaults by borrowers or tenants, changes in interest rates and risks related to general or local economic conditions. Some REITs may have limited diversification and may be subject to risks inherent in financing a limited number of properties.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Small-Cap Securities Risk. Small capitalization stocks may underperform other types of stocks or the equity market as a whole. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more

 

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established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, or may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group. In addition, small-cap stocks typically are traded in lower volume, are less liquid, and their issuers typically are subject to greater degrees of changes in their earnings and prospects.

Please see “Principal Risks of the Funds” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

Performance

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, performance information will be provided that will give some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment adviser

Brinker Capital, Inc. serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (the Sub-advisers), each of which is responsible for investing a portion of the assets of the Fund as allocated by the Adviser. The Adviser’s portfolio management team is jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Sub-advisers and the Fund. Where more than one person is listed with respect to a Sub-adviser, the sub-advisory team is jointly and primarily responsible for the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to such Sub-adviser.

 

Portfolio Manager

   Experience with the Fund    Title with Adviser

Jeff Raupp, CFA

   2017    Director of Investments

Amy Magnotta, CFA

   2017    Senior Vice President

Leigh Lowman, CFA

   2017    Investment Manager

 

Sub-advisers and Portfolio Managers (Title)   

Fund’s

Portfolio

Manager

Since

Columbia Management Investments Advisers, LLC

Steven Schroll, Senior Portfolio Manager

Paul Stocking, Senior Portfolio Manager

Dean Ramos, CFA, Senior Portfolio Manager

   2017

2017

2017

Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania

Daniel Peris, CFA, Senior Portfolio Manager

Deborah D. Bickerstaff, Portfolio Manager

   2017

2017

Purchase and sale of Fund shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Brinker Capital Destinations (“Destinations”), an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Fund as an investment solution.

There are no initial or subsequent minimum purchase amounts for the Fund. Orders to sell or “redeem” shares must be placed directly with Brinker Capital. You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open.

Tax information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two.

Payments to financial intermediaries

Neither Brinker Capital nor the Fund pays financial intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares. If your Fund shares are held through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay such intermediary for services that the intermediary provides to you as a shareholder of the Funds, such as setting up and maintaining your account,

 

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processing and settling transactions, providing account statements, maintaining records, and sending you prospectuses and other reports. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Destinations Real Assets Fund (DRAFX)

Investment objective

Long term capital appreciation with some inflation protection.

Fund fees and expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

   Class I     Class Z  

Management Fees

     [1.00 ]%      [1.00 ]% 

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

     [None     [None

Other Expenses

     [0.22 ]%      [0.07 ]%^ 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (AFFE)

     [0.01 ]%      [0.01 ]% 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     [1.23 ]%      [1.08 ]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [(0.04 )]%      [(0.04 )]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Less Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [1.19 ]%*      [1.04 ]%* 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

^ Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[* Effective June 30, 2018, the Fund’s adviser, Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker” or the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for a period of one year as necessary to keep the Fund’s management fee from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser. This contractual waiver will only apply if the Fund’s total management fees exceed the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser plus 0.39%, and will not affect the Fund’s total management fees if they are less than such amount. This fee waiver and reimbursement agreement shall remain in effect until June 30, 2019. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees.]

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund’s Class I and Class Z shares for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     After 1 year      After 3 years      After 5 years     After 10 years  

Class I Shares

     $         [121      $         [386      $         [672     $       [1,485

Class Z Shares

     $         [106      $         [339      $         [592     $       [1,314 ]

Portfolio turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transactions costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the above examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [58]% of the average value of its portfolio

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (including any borrowings for investment purposes) in “real assets” and securities of companies that derive at least 50% of their profits or revenues from, or commit at least 50% of assets to, real assets and activities related to real assets. Real assets are defined broadly by the fund and are considered to include any assets that have physical properties, such as energy and natural resources, real estate, basic materials, equipment, utilities and infrastructure, and commodities. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

 

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The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by allocating its assets among one or more of the following general investment categories: domestic and international real estate and securities of companies tied to the real estate industry; utilities and infrastructure; natural resources and commodities; and master limited partnerships (MLPs). Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 25% of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase in the securities of issuers conducting their principal business activities in the energy and other natural resources groups of industries. The Fund considers a company to be principally engaged in natural resources industries if the Sub-adviser believes that the company has the potential for capital appreciation primarily as a result of particular products, technology, patents or other market advantages in natural resource industries. A portion of the Fund’s assets may also be invested in securities of companies that primarily own, explore, mine, process or otherwise develop natural resources, or supply goods and services to such companies.

Companies in natural resources industries include companies principally engaged in the discovery, development, production, or distribution of natural resources; the development of technologies for the production or efficient use of natural resources; or the furnishing of related supplies or services. Natural resources may include, for example, energy sources, precious and other metals, forest products, real estate, food and agriculture, and other basic commodities.

The Fund may invest in securities of issuers located anywhere in the world and normally will invest in securities of companies located in at least three countries, which may include the United States.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser will also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors. Currently, the Fund’s assets are managed by a single Sub-adviser, subject to the oversight of the Adviser.

The Sub-adviser may invest the Fund’s assets in securities of issuers located anywhere in the world and will normally invest in securities of companies located in at least one country other than the United States.

The Fund is non-diversified and expects to hold a larger portion of its assets in a smaller number of issuers. The Fund may also at times, but will not necessarily, hold a substantial portion of its assets in cash or cash equivalents. The Fund will likely hold a more limited number of securities than many other mutual funds.

The Fund may lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, where the Sub-adviser believes selling the security will help the Fund to secure gains, limit losses, or redeploy assets into more promising opportunities, or the valuation is no longer attractive.

Principal risks of investing in the Fund

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Concentration Risk. Concentrating investments in the real assets sector increases the risk of loss because the stocks of many or all of the companies in the sector may decline in value due to developments adversely affecting the sector. In particular, the Fund’s investments will be concentrated in companies that conduct their principal business activities in the energy and other natural resources groups of industries.

 

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Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. Accordingly, the Fund may experience volatility with respect to the value of its shares and its returns as a result of its exposure to foreign currencies through direct holdings of such currencies or holdings in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, options and swaps, involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such derivatives include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivatives may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as market, interest rate, credit, counterparty, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities. When the Fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses.

Foreign Securities Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar. Risks of foreign investment tend to be greater in emerging markets, which tend to be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid change to market or economic conditions.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.

Mid-Cap Securities Risk. Mid-capitalization stocks tend to perform differently from other segments of the equity market or the equity market as a whole, and can be more volatile than stocks of large-capitalization companies. Mid-capitalization companies may be newer or less established, and may have limited resources, products and markets, and may be less liquid.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Natural Resources Investment Risk. Investment in companies in natural resources industries can be significantly affected by (often rapid) changes in supply of, or demand for, various natural resources.

 

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Non-Diversified Risk. As a non-diversified fund, the Fund may invest a larger portion of its assets in a smaller number of issuers. This could make the Fund more susceptible to economic or credit risks than a diversified fund.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) Risk. REITs are trusts that invest primarily in commercial real estate or real estate-related loans. The Fund’s investments in REITs will be subject to the risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Risks commonly associated with the direct ownership of real estate include fluctuations in the value of underlying properties, defaults by borrowers or tenants, changes in interest rates and risks related to general or local economic conditions. Some REITs may have limited diversification and may be subject to risks inherent in financing a limited number of properties.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Small-Cap Securities Risk. Small capitalization stocks may underperform other types of stocks or the equity market as a whole. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, or may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group. In addition, small-cap stocks typically are traded in lower volume, are less liquid, and their issuers typically are subject to greater degrees of changes in their earnings and prospects.

Please see “Principal Risks of the Funds” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

Performance

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, performance information will be provided that will give some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment adviser

Brinker Capital, Inc. serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (the Sub-advisers), each of which is responsible for investing a portion of the assets of the Fund as allocated by the Adviser. The Adviser’s portfolio management team is jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Sub-advisers and the Fund. Where more than one person is listed with respect to a Sub-adviser, the sub-advisory team is jointly and primarily responsible for the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to such Sub-adviser.

 

Portfolio Manager

   Experience with the Fund    Title with Adviser

Jeff Raupp, CFA

   2017    Director of Investments

Amy Magnotta, CFA

   2017    Senior Vice President

Leigh Lowman, CFA

   2017    Investment Manager

 

Sub-advisers and Portfolio Managers (Title)   

Fund’s

Portfolio

Manager

Since

 

SailingStone Capital Partners LLC

  

MacKenzie B. Davis, CFA, Managing Partner, Portfolio Manager

Kenneth L. Settles, Jr. CFA, Managing Partner, Portfolio Manager

    

2017

2017

 

 

Purchase and sale of Fund shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Brinker Capital Destinations (“Destinations”), an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Fund as an investment solution.

 

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There are no initial or subsequent minimum purchase amounts for the Fund. Orders to sell or “redeem” shares must be placed directly with Brinker Capital. You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open.

Tax information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two.

Payments to financial intermediaries

Neither Brinker Capital nor the Fund pays financial intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares. If your Fund shares are held through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay such intermediary for services that the intermediary provides to you as a shareholder of the Funds, such as setting up and maintaining your account, processing and settling transactions, providing account statements, maintaining records, and sending you prospectuses and other reports. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund (DCFFX)

Investment objective

Maximize current income and total return.

Fund fees and expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

   Class I     Class Z  

Management Fees

     [0.65 ]%      [0.65 ]% 

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

     [None     [None

Other Expenses

     [0.21 ]%      [0.06 ]%^ 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     [0.86 ]%      [0.71 ]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [(0.08 )]%      [(0.08 )]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Less Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [0.78 ]%*      [0.63 ]%* 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

^ Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[* Effective June 30, 2018, the Fund’s adviser, Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker” or the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for a period of one year as necessary to keep the Fund’s management fee from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser. This contractual waiver will only apply if the Fund’s total management fees exceed the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser plus 0.39%, and will not affect the Fund’s total management fees if they are less than such amount. This fee waiver and reimbursement agreement shall remain in effect until June 30, 2019. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees.]

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     After 1 year      After 3 years      After 5 years      After 10 years  

Class I Shares

   $ [80    $ [266    $ [469      $       [1,053

Class Z Shares

   $ [64    $ [219    $ [387      $          [875

Portfolio turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transactions costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the above examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [170]% of the average value of its portfolio

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in fixed income instruments. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for

 

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investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund invests primarily in bonds, debt, and other fixed income instruments issued by governmental or private-sector entities, including mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, investment grade corporate bonds, junk bonds, bank loans, loan participations, assignments, derivatives, credit default swaps, inverse floater securities, interest-only and principal-only securities and money market instruments.

A Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors. Under normal market conditions, the Fund’s total investment portfolio will have a weighted average effective duration of no less than one year and no more than ten years.

The Fund will invest a substantial portion of its nets assets in mortgage-backed securities of any maturity or type guaranteed by, or secured by collateral that is guaranteed by, the United States Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored corporations, or in privately issued mortgage-backed securities rated at the time of investment Aa3 or higher by Moody’s or AA- or higher by S&P or the equivalent by any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization or in unrated securities that are determined by a Sub-adviser to be of comparable quality.

The Fund may invest in junk bonds, bank loans and assignments rated below investment grade or unrated but determined by the Sub-adviser to be of comparable quality, and credit default swaps of companies in the high yield universe.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes there is a better investment opportunity, when the portfolio managers perceive deterioration in the credit fundamentals of the issuer or when the portfolio managers believe it would be appropriate to do so in order to readjust duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio.

[Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.]

Principal risks of investing in the Fund

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Asset-Backed Securities Risk. The risk that borrowers may default on the obligations that underlie the asset-backed security and that, during periods of falling interest rates, asset-backed securities may be called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate, and the risk that the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying a security in which the Fund invests (due, for example, to non-payment of loans) will result in a reduction in the value of the security.

Bank Loans Risk. The market for corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads. In addition, transactions in corporate loans may settle on a delayed basis. As a result, the proceeds from the sale of corporate loans may not be readily available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, the Fund may hold additional cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks and other lenders.

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

 

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Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. Accordingly, the Fund may experience volatility with respect to the value of its shares and its returns as a result of its exposure to foreign currencies through direct holdings of such currencies or holdings in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, options and swaps, involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such derivatives include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivatives may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as market, interest rate, credit, counterparty, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities. When the Fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses.

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall.

Fixed Income Market Risk. The prices of the Fund’s fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments and their agencies. Generally, the Fund’s fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa. In a low interest rate environment, risks associated with rising rates are heightened. Declines in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. In the case of foreign securities, price fluctuations will reflect international economic and political events, as well as changes in currency valuations relative to the U.S. dollar.

Foreign Securities Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar. Risks of foreign investment tend to be greater in emerging markets, which tend to be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid change to market or economic conditions.

High Yield (Junk Bonds) Risk. The risk that debt instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated and determined by a Sub-adviser to be of comparable quality are predominantly speculative. These instruments, commonly known as ‘junk bonds,’ have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, and less secondary market liquidity.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them.

Loan Assignment/Loan Participation Risk. If a bank loan is acquired through an assignment or a participation, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of both the borrower or the institution selling the participation.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.

 

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Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. The risk that borrowers may default on their mortgage obligations or the guarantees underlying the mortgage-backed securities will default or otherwise fail and that, during periods of falling interest rates, mortgage-backed securities will be called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of a mortgage-backed security may extend, which may lock in a below-market interest rate, increase the security’s duration, and reduce the value of the security.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

[Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent buying and selling of investments may involve higher trading costs and other expenses and may affect the Fund’s performance over time.]

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

U.S. Government Securities Risk. Certain securities in which the Fund may invest, including securities issued by certain U.S. Government agencies and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises, are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government or supported by the full faith and credit of the United States.

Please see “Principal Risks of the Funds” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

Performance

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, performance information will be provided that will give some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment adviser

Brinker Capital, Inc. serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (the Sub-advisers), each of which is responsible for investing a portion of the assets of the Fund as allocated by the Adviser. The Adviser’s portfolio management team is jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Sub-advisers and the Fund. Where more than one person is listed with respect to a Sub-adviser, the sub-advisory team is jointly and primarily responsible for the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to such Sub-adviser.

 

Portfolio Manager

   Experience with the Fund    Title with Adviser

Jeff Raupp, CFA

   2017    Director of Investments

Amy Magnotta, CFA

   2017    Senior Vice President

Leigh Lowman, CFA

   2017    Investment Manager

 

Sub-advisers and Portfolio Managers (Title)   

Fund’s

Portfolio

Manager

Since

 

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC

  

Scott Radell, CFA, Portfolio Manager

James Mauro, Portfolio Manager

    

2017

2017

 

 

DoubleLine Capital LP

  

Jeffrey E. Gundlach, Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer

Philip A. Barach, Co-Founder and President

Jeffrey J. Sherman, CFA, Deputy Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager

    

2017

2017

2017

 

 

 

 

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Purchase and sale of Fund shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Brinker Capital Destinations (“Destinations”), an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Fund as an investment solution.

There are no initial or subsequent minimum purchase amounts for the Fund. Orders to sell or “redeem” shares must be placed directly with Brinker Capital. You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open.

Tax information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two.

Payments to financial intermediaries

Neither Brinker Capital nor the Fund pays financial intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares. If your Fund shares are held through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay such intermediary for services that the intermediary provides to you as a shareholder of the Funds, such as setting up and maintaining your account, processing and settling transactions, providing account statements, maintaining records, and sending you prospectuses and other reports. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund (DLDFX)

Investment objective

Current income.

Fund fees and expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

   Class I     Class Z  

Management Fees

     [0.70 ]%      [0.70 ]% 

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

     [None     [None

Other Expenses

     [0.27 ]%      [0.12 ]%^ 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (AFFE)

     [0.01 ]%      [0.01 ]% 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     [0.98 ]%      [0.83 ]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [(0.04 )]%      [(0.04 )]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Less Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [0.94 ]%*      [0.79 ]%* 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

^ Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[* Effective June 30, 2018, the Fund’s adviser, Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker” or the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for a period of one year as necessary to keep the Fund’s management fee from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser. This contractual waiver will only apply if the Fund’s total management fees exceed the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser plus 0.39%, and will not affect the Fund’s total management fees if they are less than such amount. This fee waiver and reimbursement agreement shall remain in effect until June 30, 2019. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees.]

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     After 1 year      After 3 years      After 5 years     After 10 years  

Class I Shares

     $         [96      $         [308      $         [538     $       [1,198

Class Z Shares

     $         [81      $         [261      $         [457     $       [1,022

Portfolio turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transactions costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the above examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [32]% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its total assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in a diversified portfolio of fixed income securities. The Fund will normally be constructed with an average duration of three years or less. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

 

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The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund primarily invests in bonds, debt, fixed income and income-producing instruments issued by governmental or private-sector entities, including mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, junk bonds, corporate debt, foreign securities (including emerging markets), inflation-indexed bonds, bank loans and assignments, collateralized loan obligations and preferred securities. An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors.

The Fund may invest some of its assets in securities that have not been called or tendered having a maturity date in excess of three years. The Fund may also invest some of its net assets in fixed income and other income-producing instruments rated below investment grade and those that are unrated but determined by the Fund’s Sub-advisers to be of comparable credit quality.

The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities and in other investment companies or private investment vehicles managed by the Sub-advisers.

The Fund may enter into derivatives transactions and other instruments of any kind for hedging purposes or otherwise to gain or reduce long or short exposure to one or more asset classes or issuers.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes there is a better investment opportunity, there is a deterioration in the credit fundamentals of the issuer or the individual security has reached the sell target.

[Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.]

Principal risks of investing in the Fund

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Affiliated Fund Risk. The risk that, due to its own financial interest or other business considerations, a Sub-adviser may have an incentive to invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in investment companies sponsored or managed by the Sub-adviser or its related parties in lieu of investments by the Fund directly in portfolio securities, or may have an incentive to invest in such investment companies over investment.

Asset-Backed Securities Risk. The risk that borrowers may default on the obligations that underlie the asset-backed security and that, during periods of falling interest rates, asset-backed securities may be called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate, and the risk that the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying a security in which the Fund invests (due, for example, to non-payment of loans) will result in a reduction in the value of the security.

Bank Loans Risk. The market for corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads. In addition, transactions in corporate loans may settle on a delayed basis. As a result, the proceeds from the sale of corporate loans may not be readily available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, the Fund may hold additional cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks and other lenders.

Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs) Risk. CLOs are securities backed by an underlying portfolio of loan obligations. CLOs issue classes or “tranches” that vary in risk and yield and may experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, decrease in market value

 

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due to collateral defaults and removal of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults and investor aversion to CLO securities as a class. The risks of investing in CLOs depend largely on the tranche invested in and the type of the underlying debts and loans in the tranche of the CLO in which the Fund invests. CLOs also carry risks including, but not limited to, interest rate risk and credit risk, which are described below. For example, a liquidity crisis in the global credit markets could cause substantial fluctuations in prices for leveraged loans and limited liquidity for such instruments. When the Fund invests in CLOs, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it may bear a pro rata portion of the CLO’s expenses.

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. Accordingly, the Fund may experience volatility with respect to the value of its shares and its returns as a result of its exposure to foreign currencies through direct holdings of such currencies or holdings in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, options and swaps, involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such derivatives include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivatives may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as market, interest rate, credit, counterparty, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities. When the Fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses.

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall.

Fixed Income Market Risk. The prices of the Fund’s fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments and their agencies. Generally, the Fund’s fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa. In a low interest rate environment, risks associated with rising rates are heightened.

Declines in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. In the case of foreign securities, price fluctuations will reflect international economic and political events, as well as changes in currency valuations relative to the U.S. dollar. In response to these events, the Fund’s value may fluctuate and/or the Fund may experience increased redemptions from shareholders, which may impact the Fund’s liquidity or force the Fund to sell securities into a declining or illiquid market.

Foreign and Emerging Markets Securities Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar. Investments in emerging markets can involve additional and greater risks than the risks associated with investments in developed foreign markets. Emerging markets can have less developed markets, greater custody and operational risk, less developed legal, regulatory, and accounting systems, and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Frontier markets, considered by the Fund to be a subset of emerging markets, generally have smaller economies and less mature capital markets than emerging markets. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries.

High Yield (Junk Bonds) Risk. The risk that debt instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated and determined by the Sub-advisers to be of comparable quality are predominantly speculative. These instruments, commonly known as ‘junk bonds,’ have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, and less secondary market liquidity.

 

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Interest Rate Risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration. The value of a debt instrument with positive duration will generally decline if interest rates increase. The value of instruments with a negative duration will generally decline if interest rates decrease.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. The risk that borrowers may default on their mortgage obligations or the guarantees underlying the mortgage-backed securities will default or otherwise fail and that, during periods of falling interest rates, mortgage-backed securities will be called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of a mortgage-backed security may extend, which may lock in a below-market interest rate, increase the security’s duration, and reduce the value of the security. Enforcing rights against the underlying assets or collateral may be difficult, or the underlying assets or collateral may be insufficient if the issuer defaults. The values of certain types of mortgage-backed securities, such as inverse floaters and interest-only and principal-only securities, may be extremely sensitive to changes in interest rates and prepayment rates.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

[Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent buying and selling of investments may involve higher trading costs and other expenses and may affect the Fund’s performance over time.]

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

U.S. Government Securities Risk. Certain securities in which the Fund may invest, including securities issued by certain U.S. Government agencies and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises, are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government or supported by the full faith and credit of the United States.

Please see “Principal Risks of the Funds” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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Performance

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, performance information will be provided that will give some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment adviser

Brinker Capital, Inc. serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (the Sub-advisers), each of which is responsible for investing a portion of the assets of the Fund as allocated by the Adviser. The Adviser’s portfolio management team is jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Sub-advisers and the Fund. Where more than one person is listed with respect to a Sub-adviser, the sub-advisory team is jointly and primarily responsible for the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to such Sub-adviser.

 

Portfolio Manager

   Experience with the Fund    Title with Adviser

Jeff Raupp, CFA

   2017    Director of Investments

Amy Magnotta, CFA

   2017    Senior Vice President

Leigh Lowman, CFA

   2017    Investment Manager

 

Sub-advisers and Portfolio Managers (Title)   

Fund’s

Portfolio

Manager

Since

CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC

    David K. Sherman, Portfolio Manager

   2017

DoubleLine Capital LP

  

    Philip A. Barach, Co-Founder and President

    Luz M. Padilla, Lead Portfolio Manager

    Robert Cohen, Director of Global Developed Credit and Portfolio Manager

   2017

2017

2017

Purchase and sale of Fund shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Brinker Capital Destinations (“Destinations”), an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Fund as an investment solution.

There are no initial or subsequent minimum purchase amounts for the Fund. Orders to sell or “redeem” shares must be placed directly with Brinker Capital. You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open.

Tax information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two.

Payments to financial intermediaries

Neither Brinker Capital nor the Fund pays financial intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares. If your Fund shares are held through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay such intermediary for services that the intermediary provides to you as a shareholder of the Funds, such as setting up and maintaining your account, processing and settling transactions, providing account statements, maintaining records, and sending you prospectuses and other reports. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund (DGFFX)

Investment objective

Maximize total return.

Fund fees and expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your  investment)

   Class I     Class Z  

Management Fees

     [0.85 ]%      [0.85 ]% 

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

     [None     [None

Other Expenses

     [0.20 ]%      [0.05 ]%^ 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     [1.05 ]%      [0.90 ]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [(0.11 )]%      [(0.11 )]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Less Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [0.94 ]%*      [0.79 ]%* 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

^ Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[* Effective June 30, 2018, the Fund’s adviser, Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker” or the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for a period of one year as necessary to keep the Fund’s management fee from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser. This contractual waiver will only apply if the Fund’s total management fees exceed the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser plus 0.39%, and will not affect the Fund’s total management fees if they are less than such amount. This fee waiver and reimbursement agreement shall remain in effect until June 30, 2019. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees. ]

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     After 1 year      After 3 years      After 5 years     After 10 years  

Class I Shares

     $         [96      $         [323      $         [569     $       [1,273

Class Z Shares

     $         [81      $         [276      $         [488     $       [1,098

Portfolio turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transactions costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the above examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [64]% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in fixed income securities. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for

 

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investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund invests primarily in investment grade and non-investment grade debt, preferred stock, convertible bonds, bank loans, high yield bonds and income producing securities. The Fund will invest in securities of various credit qualities (i.e., investment grade and non-investment grade, which are commonly referred to as “high yield” securities or “junk bonds”) and maturities (i.e., long-term, intermediate and short-term). The Fund will invest in debt obligations issued by sovereign, quasi-sovereign and private (non-government) emerging market issuers as well as U.S. dollar-denominated securities issued by non-U.S. companies.

It is expected that, under normal market conditions, at least 40% of the Fund’s assets will be invested in the securities of companies that are tied economically to at least three countries outside the U.S.

The Fund may invest in fixed income and debt obligations of any kind. Fixed income obligations include bonds, debt securities and fixed income and income-producing instruments of any kind issued or guaranteed by governmental or private-sector entities and other securities or instruments bearing fixed, floating, or variable interest rates of any maturity. The Fund may, from time to time, invest significantly in a specific credit quality, such as high-yield, or maturity, such as short-term.

The Fund may enter into derivatives transactions and other instruments of any kind for hedging purposes or otherwise to gain, or reduce, long or short exposure to one or more asset classes or issuers. The Fund also may use derivatives transactions with the purpose or effect of creating investment leverage. The Fund may enter into currency-related transactions, including spot transactions, forward exchange contracts and futures contracts.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, including, among other things, if it believes a corporate action or announcement will affect the issuer or that it would be advantageous to do so.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

Principal risks of investing in the Fund

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Bank Loans Risk. The market for corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads. In addition, transactions in corporate loans may settle on a delayed basis. As a result, the proceeds from the sale of corporate loans may not be readily available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, the Fund may hold additional cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks and other lenders.

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. Accordingly, the Fund may experience volatility with respect to the value of its shares and its returns as a result of its exposure to foreign currencies through direct holdings of such currencies or holdings in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, options and swaps, involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such derivatives include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivatives may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as market, interest rate, credit, counterparty, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.

 

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Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities. When the Fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses.

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall.

Fixed Income Market Risk. The prices of the Fund’s fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments and their agencies. Generally, the Fund’s fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa. In a low interest rate environment, risks associated with rising rates are heightened. Declines in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. In the case of foreign securities, price fluctuations will reflect international economic and political events, as well as changes in currency valuations relative to the U.S. dollar.

Foreign and Emerging Markets Securities Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar. Investments in emerging markets can involve additional and greater risks than the risks associated with investments in developed foreign markets. Emerging markets can have less developed markets, greater custody and operational risk, less developed legal, regulatory, and accounting systems, and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

High Yield (Junk Bonds) Risk. The risk that debt instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated and determined by a Sub-adviser to be of comparable quality are predominantly speculative. These instruments, commonly known as ‘junk bonds,’ have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, and less secondary market liquidity.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are

 

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generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Please see “Principal Risks of the Funds” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

Performance

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, performance information will be provided that will give some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment adviser

Brinker Capital, Inc. serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (the Sub-advisers), each of which is responsible for investing a portion of the assets of the Fund as allocated by the Adviser. The Adviser’s portfolio management team is jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Sub-advisers and the Fund. Where more than one person is listed with respect to a Sub-adviser, the sub-advisory team is jointly and primarily responsible for the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to such Sub-adviser.

 

Portfolio Manager

   Experience with the Fund    Title with Adviser

Jeff Raupp, CFA

   2017    Director of Investments

Amy Magnotta, CFA

   2017    Senior Vice President

Leigh Lowman, CFA

   2017    Investment Manager

 

Sub-advisers and Portfolio Managers (Title)   

Fund’s

Portfolio

Manager

Since

CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC

    David K. Sherman, Portfolio Manager

   2017

DoubleLine Capital LP

    Luz M. Padilla, Lead Portfolio Manager

    Mark Christensen, Portfolio Manager and Senior Credit Analyst

    Su Fei Koo, Portfolio Manager and Senior Credit Analyst

   2017

2017

2017

Nuveen Asset Management, LLC

    Douglas M. Baker, CFA, Senior Vice President

    Brenda A. Langenfeld, CFA, Vice President

   2017

2017

Purchase and sale of Fund shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Brinker Capital Destinations (“Destinations”), an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Fund as an investment solution.

There are no initial or subsequent minimum purchase amounts for the Fund. Orders to sell or “redeem” shares must be placed directly with Brinker Capital. You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open.

 

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Tax information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two.

Payments to financial intermediaries

Neither Brinker Capital nor the Fund pays financial intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares. If your Fund shares are held through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay such intermediary for services that the intermediary provides to you as a shareholder of the Funds, such as setting up and maintaining your account, processing and settling transactions, providing account statements, maintaining records, and sending you prospectuses and other reports. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund (DMFFX)

Investment objective

Current income that is exempt from federal income taxation.

Fund fees and expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your  investment)

   Class I     Class Z  

Management Fees

     [0.70 ]%      [0.70 ]% 

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

     [None     [None

Other Expenses

     [0.18 ]%      [0.03 ]%^ 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     [0.88 ]%      [0.73 ]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [(0.12 )]%      [(0.12 )]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Less Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [0.76 ]%*      [0.61 ]%* 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

^ Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[* Effective June 30, 2018, the Fund’s adviser, Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker” or the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for a period of one year as necessary to keep the Fund’s management fee from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser. This contractual waiver will only apply if the Fund’s total management fees exceed the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser plus 0.39%, and will not affect the Fund’s total management fees if they are less than such amount. This fee waiver and reimbursement agreement shall remain in effect until June 30, 2019. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees.]

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     After 1 year      After 3 years      After 5 years    

After 10 years

Class I Shares

     $      [78    $ [269    $ [476   $     [1,073]

Class Z Shares

     $      [62    $ [221    $ [394   $        [895]

Portfolio turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transactions costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the above examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [69]% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in fixed income securities that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to

 

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transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors. Currently, the Fund’s assets are managed by a single Sub-adviser, subject to the oversight of the Adviser.

In seeking high current income exempt from regular federal income tax, the Fund will invest in municipal instruments, which are fixed-income obligations issued by a state, territory or possession of the United States (including the District of Columbia) or a political subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof. Interest income received by holders of municipal instruments is often exempt from the federal income tax and from the income tax of the state in which they are issued (although there may not be a similar exemption under the laws of a particular state or local taxing jurisdiction), although municipal instruments issued for certain purposes may not be tax-exempt. For shareholders subject to the alternative minimum tax (“AMT”), a limited portion of the Fund’s dividends may be subject to federal tax.

The Fund primarily invests in investment grade debt obligations, but may invest to a limited extent in obligations that are rated below-investment grade (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”).

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, where the Sub-adviser believes selling the security will help the Fund to secure gains, limit losses, or redeploy assets into more promising opportunities, or the valuation is no longer attractive.

The Fund’s dollar-weighted average maturity, under normal circumstances, will range between three and ten years.

In seeking to achieve its investment objective, the Fund may make significant investments in structured securities and also may invest, to a lesser extent, in futures contracts, options and swaps, all of which are considered to be derivative instruments, for both hedging and non-hedging purposes.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

The Fund’s investment adviser may engage in active trading, and will not consider portfolio turnover a limiting factor in making decisions for the Fund.

Principal risks of investing in the Fund

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, options and swaps, involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such derivatives include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivatives may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as market, interest rate, credit, counterparty, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities. When the Fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses.

 

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Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall.

Fixed Income Market Risk. The prices of the Fund’s fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments and their agencies. Generally, the Fund’s fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa. In a low interest rate environment, risks associated with rising rates are heightened. Declines in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. In the case of foreign securities, price fluctuations will reflect international economic and political events, as well as changes in currency valuations relative to the U.S. dollar.

High Yield (Junk Bonds) Risk. The risk that debt instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated and determined by a Sub-adviser to be of comparable quality are predominantly speculative. These instruments, commonly known as ‘junk bonds,’ have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, and less secondary market liquidity.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Municipal Securities Risk. The risk that municipal securities may be subject to credit/default risk, interest rate risk and certain additional risks. The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests more than 25% of its assets in the debt securities of similar projects (such as those relating to education, healthcare, housing, transportation, and utilities), industrial development bonds, or in particular types of municipal securities (such as general obligation bonds, private activity bonds and moral obligation bonds).

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields.

Puerto Rico Investment Risk. To the extent the Fund invests in Puerto Rico municipal securities, the Fund’s performance will be affected by the fiscal and economic health of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, its political subdivisions, municipalities, agencies and authorities and political and regulatory developments affecting Puerto Rico municipal issuers. Developments in Puerto Rico may adversely affect the securities held by the Fund. Unfavorable developments in any economic sector may have far-reaching ramifications on the overall Puerto Rico municipal market.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

 

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Tax Risk. The risk that future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may materially affect the value of municipal instruments or the ability of the Fund to pay tax-exempt dividends. Some of the Fund’s income distributions may be, and distributions of the Fund’s gains may be, subject to federal taxation. The Fund may realize taxable gains on the sale of its securities or other transactions, and some of the Fund’s income distributions may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. This may result in a lower tax-adjusted return. Additionally, distributions of the Fund’s income and gains generally will be subject to state taxation.

Please see “Principal Risks of the Funds” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

Performance

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, performance information will be provided that will give some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment adviser

Brinker Capital, Inc. serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (the Sub-advisers), each of which is responsible for investing a portion of the assets of the Fund as allocated by the Adviser. The Adviser’s portfolio management team is jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Sub-advisers and the Fund. Where more than one person is listed with respect to a Sub-adviser, the sub-advisory team is jointly and primarily responsible for the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to such Sub-adviser.

 

Portfolio Manager

   Experience with the Fund    Title with Adviser

Jeff Raupp, CFA

   2017    Director of Investments

Amy Magnotta, CFA

   2017    Senior Vice President
Leigh Lowman, CFA    2017    Investment Manager

 

Sub-advisers and Portfolio Managers (Title)   

Fund’s

Portfolio

Manager

Since

Northern Trust Investments, Inc.
Timothy T. A. McGregor, Senior Vice President

   2017

Purchase and sale of Fund shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Brinker Capital Destinations (“Destinations”), an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Fund as an investment solution.

There are no initial or subsequent minimum purchase amounts for the Fund. Orders to sell or “redeem” shares must be placed directly with Brinker Capital. You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open.

Tax information

The Fund intends to make distributions consisting of exempt-interest dividends that are exempt from federal income tax and may also be exempt from certain state and/or local income taxes depending on an investor’s state of residence. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that generate income that is subject to federal, state and local income tax, including the federal alternative minimum tax.

Payments to financial intermediaries

Neither Brinker Capital nor the Fund pays financial intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares. If your Fund shares are held through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay such intermediary for

 

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services that the intermediary provides to you as a shareholder of the Funds, such as setting up and maintaining your account, processing and settling transactions, providing account statements, maintaining records, and sending you prospectuses and other reports. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund (DMSFX)

Investment objective

Capital Appreciation with reduced correlation to equity and fixed income markets.

Fund fees and expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your  investment)

   Class I     Class Z  

Management Fees

     [1.35 ]%      [1.35 ]% 

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

     [None     [None

Other Expenses

     [0.24 ]%      [0.09 ]%^ 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (AFFE)

     [0.14 ]%      [0.14 ]% 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     [1.73 ]%      [1.58 ]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [(0.47 )]%      [(0.47 )]% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Less Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements

     [1.26 ]%*      [1.11 ]%* 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

^ Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[* Effective June 30, 2018, the Fund’s adviser, Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker” or the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for a period of one year as necessary to keep the Fund’s management fee from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser. This contractual waiver will only apply if the Fund’s total management fees exceed the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser plus 0.39%, and will not affect the Fund’s total management fees if they are less than such amount. This fee waiver and reimbursement agreement shall remain in effect until June 30, 2019. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees.]

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     After 1 year      After 3 years      After 5 years    

After 10 years

Class I Shares

   $ [128    $ [499    $ [895   $      [2,002]

Class Z Shares

   $ [113    $ [453    $ [816   $      [1,839]

Portfolio turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transactions costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the above examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [111]% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund, under normal market conditions, employs a strategy intended to generate long term growth across market cycles with reduced correlation to the equity and fixed income markets.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for

 

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investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser will also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in unaffiliated funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), including open-end funds, closed-end funds and exchange traded funds (ETFs) (collectively, Underlying Funds). The Fund may specifically use ETFs to gain passive investment exposure, transitioning the Fund’s portfolio or awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between the Underlying Funds and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Underlying Funds or Sub-Advisers that are employed may apply any of a variety of investment strategies, which may include: (i) directional or tactical strategies, such as long/short equity, long/short credit and global tactical asset allocation; (ii) event driven strategies, such as distressed securities, special situations and merger arbitrage; (iii) arbitrage strategies, such as fixed income or interest rate arbitrage, convertible arbitrage, and equity market neutral and (iv) global macro strategies.

The Fund invests primarily in U.S., foreign and emerging markets securities, equity securities of all types and capitalization ranges, investment and non-investment grade fixed income securities (junk bonds) of any duration or maturity issued by corporations or governments (including foreign governments), bank loans, commodities, currencies, warrants, depositary receipts, real estate investment trust (REITs), structured products, floating rate instruments, ETFs, exchange-traded notes and derivative instruments (which may involve leverage), principally, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts and swap agreements. In addition, the Fund may invest in cash and cash equivalents, commercial paper, money market instruments and other short-term obligations to achieve its investment goal. An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors.

The Fund may invest in special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”). SPACs are collective investment structures that pool funds in order to seek potential acquisition opportunities. SPACs and similar entities may be blank check companies with no operating history or ongoing business other than to seek a potential acquisition. Certain SPACs may seek acquisitions only in limited industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. Investments in SPACs may be illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale. To the extent the SPAC is invested in cash or similar securities, this may impact a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective.

In selecting investments for purchase and sale, the Sub-advisers may seek investment opportunities where a catalyst has been identified that is expected to occur within the near to immediate term, generally within twelve months, to unlock the value embedded in the investment opportunity.

The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in a particular geographic region or country, including emerging markets countries.

The Fund may lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes the Fund needs to generate cash to invest in more attractive opportunities, the average maturity of the Fund needs to be adjusted and the country or sector exposure needs to be altered.

[Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.]

Principal risks of investing in the Fund

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Asset-Backed Securities Risk. The risk that borrowers may default on the obligations that underlie the asset-backed security and that, during periods of falling interest rates, asset-backed securities may be called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate, and the risk that the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying a security in which the Fund invests (due, for example, to non-payment of loans) will result in a reduction in the value of the security.

 

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Bank Loans Risk. The market for corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads. In addition, transactions in corporate loans may settle on a delayed basis. As a result, the proceeds from the sale of corporate loans may not be readily available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, the Fund may hold additional cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks and other lenders.

Cash Position Risk. To the extent the Fund holds assets in cash and cash equivalents, the ability of the Fund to meet its objective may be limited.

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. Accordingly, the Fund may experience volatility with respect to the value of its shares and its returns as a result of its exposure to foreign currencies through direct holdings of such currencies or holdings in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.

Depositary Receipts Risk. Because the Fund may invest in ADRs and other domestically-traded securities of foreign companies, the Fund’s share price may be more affected by foreign economic and political conditions, taxation policies and accounting and auditing standards than would otherwise be the case.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, options and swaps, involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such derivatives include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivatives may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as market, interest rate, credit, counterparty, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Exchange-Traded Note (ETNs) Risk. The Fund may invest in ETNs, which are notes representing unsecured debt of the issuer. ETNs are typically linked to the performance of an index plus a specified rate of interest that could be earned on cash collateral. The value of an ETN may be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying markets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating and economic, legal, political or geographic events that affect the referenced index.

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall.

Fixed Income Market Risk. The prices of the Fund’s fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments and their agencies. Generally, the Fund’s fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa. In a low interest rate environment, risks associated with rising rates are heightened. Declines in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. In the case of foreign securities, price fluctuations will reflect international economic and political events, as well as changes in currency valuations relative to the U.S. dollar.

Foreign and Emerging Markets Securities Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar. Investments in emerging markets can involve additional and greater risks than the risks associated with investments in developed foreign markets. Emerging markets can have less developed markets, greater custody and operational risk, less developed legal, regulatory, and accounting systems, and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Frontier markets, considered by the Fund to be a subset of emerging markets, generally have smaller economies and less mature capital markets than emerging markets. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries.

 

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High Yield (Junk Bonds) Risk. The risk that debt instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated and determined by a Sub-adviser to be of comparable quality are predominantly speculative. These instruments, commonly known as ‘junk bonds,’ have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, and less secondary market liquidity.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration.

Investment Company and Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. When the Fund invests in an investment company, including closed-end funds and ETFs, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the investment company’s expenses. Further, while the risks of owning shares of an investment company generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying investments of the investment company, the Fund may be subject to additional or different risks than if the Fund had invested directly in the underlying investments. For example, the lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than that of the underlying portfolio securities. Closed-end investment companies issue a fixed number of shares that trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or a discount to their net asset value. As a result, a closed-end fund’s share price fluctuates based on what another investor is willing to pay rather than on the market value of the securities in the fund.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.

Mid-Cap Securities Risk. Mid-capitalization stocks tend to perform differently from other segments of the equity market or the equity market as a whole, and can be more volatile than stocks of large-capitalization companies. Mid-capitalization companies may be newer or less established, and may have limited resources, products and markets, and may be less liquid.

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. The risk that borrowers may default on their mortgage obligations or the guarantees underlying the mortgage-backed securities will default or otherwise fail and that, during periods of falling interest rates, mortgage-backed securities will be called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of a mortgage-backed security may extend, which may lock in a below-market interest rate, increase the security’s duration, and reduce the value of the security.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

[Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent buying and selling of investments may involve higher trading costs and other expenses and may affect the Fund’s performance over time.]

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields.

 

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Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) Risk. REITs are trusts that invest primarily in commercial real estate or real estate-related loans. The Fund’s investments in REITs will be subject to the risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Risks commonly associated with the direct ownership of real estate include fluctuations in the value of underlying properties, defaults by borrowers or tenants, changes in interest rates and risks related to general or local economic conditions. Some REITs may have limited diversification and may be subject to risks inherent in financing a limited number of properties.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Short Sale Risk. Positions in shorted securities are speculative and more risky than long positions (purchases) in securities. Short selling will also result in higher transaction costs (such as interest and dividends), and may result in higher taxes, which reduce the Fund’s return. Generally the short sales in which the Fund may invest will not be “against the box,” meaning the Fund will not own the shorted security, so theoretically the potential loss resulting from short sales is unlimited.

Small-Cap Securities Risk. Small capitalization stocks may underperform other types of stocks or the equity market as a whole. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, or may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group. In addition, small-cap stocks typically are traded in lower volume, are less liquid, and their issuers typically are subject to greater degrees of changes in their earnings and prospects. These risks may be heightened with respect to micro-cap companies.

Sovereign Obligation Risk. The issuer of the sovereign debt or the governmental authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and the Underlying Funds may have limited recourse in the event of a default.

Special Purpose Acquisition Companies Risks. The Fund may invest in special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”). Unless and until an acquisition is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets (less an amount to cover expenses) in U.S. Government securities, money market fund securities and cash. SPACs and similar entities may be blank check companies with no operating history or ongoing business other than to seek a potential acquisition. Accordingly, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a profitable acquisition. Certain SPACs may seek acquisitions only in limited industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. Investments in SPACs may be illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale. To the extent the SPAC is invested in cash or similar securities, this may impact a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective.

U.S. Government Securities Risk. Certain securities in which the Fund may invest, including securities issued by certain U.S. Government agencies and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises, are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government or supported by the full faith and credit of the United States.

Please see “Principal Risks of the Funds” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

Performance

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, performance information will be provided that will give some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment adviser

Brinker Capital, Inc. serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (the Sub-advisers), each of which is responsible for investing a portion of the assets of the Fund as allocated by the Adviser. The Adviser’s portfolio management team is jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Sub-advisers and the Fund. Where more than one person is listed with respect to a Sub-adviser, the sub-advisory team is jointly and primarily responsible for the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to such Sub-adviser.

 

Portfolio Manager

   Experience with the Fund    Title with Adviser

Jeff Raupp, CFA

   2017    Director of Investments

Amy Magnotta, CFA

   2017    Senior Vice President

Leigh Lowman, CFA

   2017    Investment Manager

 

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Sub-advisers and Portfolio Managers (Title)    Fund’s
Portfolio
Manager
Since

Avenue Capital Group II, L.P.

  

Jeffrey J. Gary, Senior Portfolio Manager

   2017

Driehaus Capital Management LLC

  

KC Nelson, Lead Portfolio Manager

   2017

Elizabeth Cassidy, Portfolio Manager

   2017

Michael Caldwell, Assistant Portfolio Manager

   2017

Yoav Sharon, Assistant Portfolio Manager

   2017

Thomas McCauley, Assistant Portfolio Manager

   2017

RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC

  

Patrick W. Galley, CFA, Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager

   2017

Stephen A. O’Neill, CFA, Portfolio Manager

   2017

Purchase and sale of Fund shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Brinker Capital Destinations (“Destinations”), an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Fund as an investment solution.

There are no initial or subsequent minimum purchase amounts for the Fund. Orders to sell or “redeem” shares must be placed directly with Brinker Capital. You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open.

Tax information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two.

Payments to financial intermediaries

Neither Brinker Capital nor the Fund pays financial intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares. If your Fund shares are held through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay such intermediary for services that the intermediary provides to you as a shareholder of the Funds, such as setting up and maintaining your account, processing and settling transactions, providing account statements, maintaining records, and sending you prospectuses and other reports. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Fund Details

Unless otherwise explicitly stated herein, the investment policies, strategies and restrictions of the Funds are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), without shareholder approval. Further, the investment objectives of the Funds are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

Investment objective

Long term capital appreciation.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in the equity securities of large capitalization companies. The Fund defines large cap companies as companies whose market capitalizations typically fall within the range of the Russell 1000® Index, which ranged from approximately $[                ] to $[                ] as of the last reconstitution of the index [May 12, 2017]. The market capitalization of the companies in large cap market indices and the Fund’s portfolio changes over time. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund invests primarily in common and preferred stock, rights or warrants to purchase common or preferred stock, securities convertible into common or preferred stock such as convertible preferred stock, bonds or debentures, and other securities with equity characteristics. An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors, including:

 

    potential for long-term growth or long-term capital appreciation;

 

    market capitalization, price-to-earnings ratio, rate of earnings growth, and dividend yield;

 

    valuation in relation to intrinsic value, as indicated earnings and cash flow potential, the asset value of the company, or other or indicators;

 

    strong cash flow and potential for strong future cash flow and future dividend yields;

 

    the ability to sustain earnings momentum during economic downturns;

 

    occupation of a lucrative niche in the economy and the ability to expand even during times of slow economic growth;

 

    whether the company has a sustainable competitive advantage or a high barrier to entry in place through a cost advantage, economies of scale, customer loyalty, or a government barrier (e.g., license or subsidy); or

 

    a company’s plans for future operations.

The Fund may also invest in futures contracts for speculative or hedging purposes.

In pursuing the Fund’s investment objective, a Sub-adviser has the discretion to deviate from the Fund’s normal investment criteria when it believes that a security could increase in value for a variety of reasons, including an extraordinary corporate event, a new product introduction or innovation, a favorable competitive development, or a change in management.

Although most assets will typically be invested in U.S. common stocks, the Fund may invest directly in foreign stocks or indirectly through depositary receipts in keeping with the Fund’s objectives. The Fund may invest in companies with limited operating histories and in companies conducting an initial public offering (IPO).

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

 

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The Fund may also allocate assets to unaffiliated funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), including open-end funds, closed-end funds, and exchange traded funds. The Fund may specifically use exchange-traded funds to passively invest the assets of the Fund, transitioning the Fund’s portfolio or awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes:

 

    the security will no longer contribute to meeting the investment objective of the Fund;

 

    selling the security will help the Fund to secure gains, limit losses, or redeploy assets into more promising opportunities;

 

    the security has met the Sub-adviser’s valuation expectations;

 

    the company has failed to meet expectations;

 

    there has been a deterioration in the underlying fundamentals of a company;

 

    structural, business or regulatory changes will affect the company;

 

    the intermediate- and long-term prospects for a company are poor;

 

    another security may offer a better investment opportunity;

 

    an individual security has reached its sell target; or

 

    other portfolio or risk management considerations support selling the security.

The Fund may also sell securities when the Adviser reallocates assets among Sub-advisers or between passive and active management strategies.

Principal risks

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s) and permitted under applicable law.

Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as futures, may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying asset(s) (such as a security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference).

Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques, risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. The Fund’s derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in

 

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substantial, potentially unlimited, losses to the Fund regardless of the Fund’s actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of adverse movement in the value, price or rate of the underlying reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying interest rates (interest rate risk).

Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks, including the risk of loss due to a derivative position that is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate (correlation risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk), the risk that losses may be greater than the amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), and the risk that the price or value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time (volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

Futures. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a reference instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the underlying reference instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as currency futures and currency forward contracts.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Stocks generally fluctuate in value more than bonds and may decline significantly over short time periods. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. The value of a stock in which the Fund invests may decline due to general weakness in the stock market, economic or political conditions, or because of factors that affect a particular company or industry.

A particular company in which the Fund invests or to which it has exposure may perform poorly, and the value of its securities may therefore decline, which would negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Poor performance may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters or other events, conditions or factors.

With respect to investments in preferred stocks, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline.

Risks of investing in equity securities can also vary depending on the size (or “market capitalization”) of the company.

Large capitalization risk. Although stocks issued by larger companies tend to have less overall volatility than stocks issued by smaller companies, larger companies may not be able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during strong economic periods. In addition, larger companies may be less capable of responding quickly to competitive challenges and industry changes, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes, and may suffer sharper price declines as a result of earnings disappointments.

Mid-capitalization risk. Stocks of mid-sized companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, and may be dependent upon a particular niche of the market.

Small capitalization risk. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources and may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning interests of an ETF generally reflect the same risks as owning the underlying securities or other instruments that the ETF is designed to track. The shares of certain ETFs may trade at a premium or discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the net asset value (NAV) of an ETF’s shares). For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the

 

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ETF’s investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid markets. By investing in an ETF, the Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETF in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s operations.

ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Most ETFs are passively-managed, meaning they invest in a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. Such ETF expenses may make owning shares of the ETF more costly than owning the underlying securities directly.

The risks of owning shares of a passively-managed ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism; occurring in the country or region, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies, and are subject to the risks associated with potential imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or other taxes on the Fund’s income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly to the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Depositary receipts risk. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company reflecting ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Some foreign securities are traded in the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). Depositary receipts involve risks similar to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, including those associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, which may be related to the particular political, regulatory, economic, social and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism, occurring in the country and fluctuations in its currency, as well as market risk tied to the underlying foreign company. In addition, ADR holders may have limited voting rights, may not have the same rights afforded typical company stockholders in the event of a corporate action such as an acquisition, merger or rights offering and may experience difficulty in receiving company stockholder communications.

Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than that of issuers in other countries.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-advisers’ approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style. For example, growth stocks tend to be more volatile than certain other types of stocks, and their prices may fluctuate more dramatically than the overall stock market. A stock with growth characteristics can have sharp price declines due to decreases in current or expected earnings and may lack dividends that can help cushion its share price in a declining market.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them. There may be no willing buyer of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities. An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

 

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Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries on a fully collateralized basis in order to earn additional income. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

Investment objective

Long term capital appreciation.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in the equity securities of small- and mid-capitalization companies. The Fund defines small-mid cap companies as companies whose market capitalizations typically fall within the range of either the Russell Midcap® Index or the Russell 2000® Index, which together ranged from approximately $[                ] to $[                ] as of the last reconstitution of the indexes on [May 12, 2017]. The market capitalization of the companies in small-mid cap market indices and the Fund’s portfolio changes over time. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund invests primarily in common and preferred stock, rights or warrants to purchase common or preferred stock, securities convertible into common or preferred stock such as convertible preferred stock, bonds or debentures, and other securities with equity characteristics. An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors about the company or the market, which may include:

 

    potential for long-term growth or long-term capital appreciation;

 

    potential catalysts that may cause an upward re-rating of the stock’s valuation;

 

    the company’s price-to-earnings, price-to-book, price-to-cash flow and other financial positions;

 

    the company’s historical valuation levels;

 

    the company’s relative valuation;

 

    the company’s competitive position;

 

    the dynamics of the industry in which the company operates;

 

    a company’s plans for future operations; or

 

    macroeconomic and behavioral factors affecting the company and its stock price.

In selecting investments for purchase and sale, the Sub-advisers may choose companies that it believes are undervalued in the market relative to the industry sector and the company’s own valuation history.

The Fund will invest a portion of its assets in securities of micro-cap companies. The Fund invests in securities of companies operating in a broad range of industries. Most of these companies are based in the United States, but in some instances, may be headquartered in or doing a substantial portion of their business overseas. Although most assets will typically be invested in U.S. common stocks, the Fund may invest directly in foreign stocks or indirectly through depositary receipts in keeping with the Fund’s objectives. The Fund may invest in companies with limited operating histories and in companies conducting an initial public offering (IPO).

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

The Fund may also allocate assets to unaffiliated funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), including open-end funds, closed-end funds, and exchange traded funds. The Fund may specifically use ETFs to gain passive investment exposure, transitioning the Fund’s portfolio or awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes:

 

    the security will no longer contribute to meeting the investment objective of the Fund;

 

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    selling the security will help the Fund to secure gains, limit losses, or redeploy assets into more promising opportunities;

 

    the security’s valuation is no longer attractive;

 

    the company has failed to meet expectations;

 

    there has been a deterioration in the underlying fundamentals of a company;

 

    the risk/reward assessment of the holding has changed;

 

    a determination that the holding is efficiently priced;

 

    another security may offer a better investment opportunity; or

 

    other portfolio or risk management considerations support selling the security.

The Fund may also sell securities when the Adviser reallocates assets among Sub-advisers or between passive and active management strategies.

[Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.]

Principal risks

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s) and permitted under applicable law.

Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Stocks generally fluctuate in value more than bonds and may decline significantly over short time periods. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. The value of a stock in which the fund invests may decline due to general weakness in the stock market, economic or political conditions, or because of factors that affect a particular company or industry.

A particular company in which the Fund invests or to which it has exposure may perform poorly, and the value of its securities may therefore decline, which would negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Poor performance may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters or other events, conditions or factors.

 

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With respect to investments in preferred stocks, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline.

Risks of investing in equity securities can also vary depending on the size (or “market capitalization”) of the company.

Large capitalization risk. Although stocks issued by larger companies tend to have less overall volatility than stocks issued by smaller companies, larger companies may not be able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during strong economic periods. In addition, larger companies may be less capable of responding quickly to competitive challenges and industry changes, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes, and may suffer sharper price declines as a result of earnings disappointments.

Mid-capitalization risk. Stocks of mid-sized companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, and may be dependent upon a particular niche of the market.

Small capitalization risk. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources and may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group.

Micro capitalization risk. The securities of micro-cap companies may be more volatile in price, have wider spreads between their bid and ask prices, and have significantly lower trading volumes than the securities of larger capitalization companies. As a result, the purchase or sale of more than a limited number of shares of the securities of a smaller company may affect its market price. The Fund may need a considerable amount of time to purchase or sell its positions in these securities. Some U.S. micro-cap companies are followed by few, if any, securities analysts, and there tends to be less publicly available information about such companies. Their securities generally have even more limited trading volumes and are subject to even more abrupt or erratic market price movements than are small-cap and mid-cap securities, and the Fund may be able to deal with only a few market-makers when purchasing and selling micro-cap securities. Such companies also may have limited markets, financial resources or product lines, may lack management depth, and may be more vulnerable to adverse business or market developments. These conditions, which create greater opportunities to find securities trading well below the investment adviser’s estimate of the company’s current worth, also involve increased risk.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning interests of an ETF generally reflect the same risks as owning the underlying securities or other instruments that the ETF is designed to track. The shares of certain ETFs may trade at a premium or discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the net asset value (NAV) of an ETF’s shares). For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the ETF’s investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid markets. By investing in an ETF, the Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETF in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s operations.

ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Most ETFs are passively-managed, meaning they invest in a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. Such ETF expenses may make owning shares of the ETF more costly than owning the underlying securities directly. The risks of owning shares of a passively-managed ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism; occurring in the country or region, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies, and are subject to the risks associated with potential imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or other taxes on the Fund’s income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly to the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Depositary receipts risk. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company reflecting ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Some foreign securities are traded in the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). Depositary receipts involve risks similar to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, including those associated with investing in the particular

 

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country of an issuer, which may be related to the particular political, regulatory, economic, social and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism, occurring in the country and fluctuations in its currency, as well as market risk tied to the underlying foreign company. In addition, ADR holders may have limited voting rights, may not have the same rights afforded typical company stockholders in the event of a corporate action such as an acquisition, merger or rights offering and may experience difficulty in receiving company stockholder communications.

Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than that of issuers in other countries.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-advisers’ approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style. For example, growth stocks tend to be more volatile than certain other types of stocks, and their prices may fluctuate more dramatically than the overall stock market. A stock with growth characteristics can have sharp price declines due to decreases in current or expected earnings and may lack dividends that can help cushion its share price in a declining market.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them. There may be no willing buyer of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities. An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities

[Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent buying and selling of investments may involve higher trading costs and other expenses and may affect the Fund’s performance over time. High rates of portfolio turnover may result in the realization of short-term capital gains and losses. The payment of taxes on these gains could adversely affect your after tax return on your investment in the Fund. Any distributions resulting from such gains or losses may be considered ordinary income for federal income tax purposes.]

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries on a fully collateralized basis in order to earn additional income. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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Destinations International Equity Fund

Investment objective

Long term capital appreciation.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in equity securities. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund’s assets will primarily be invested in foreign equity securities, including emerging market and frontier market equity securities, of any capitalization. Equity securities include common stock, preferred stock and securities convertible into common stock or preferred stock, warrants and rights, depositary receipts, and other securities with equity characteristics (for example, participatory notes or derivatives linked to a basket of underlying equity securities, certain options on common stock, and exchange-traded funds).

The Fund’s Sub-advisers will employ a number of different investment approaches. The portfolios of some Sub-advisers may, at times, be concentrated in companies from a particular geographic region or a single country or small number of countries. These Sub-advisers may also concentrate their portfolio, at times, in companies of a single or small number of industries or sectors, including consumer discretionary, consumer staples, energy, financials, health care, industrials, information technology, materials, real estate, telecommunication services, and utilities. Other Sub-advisers will manage a more broadly diversified portfolio that focuses more on stocks of larger companies or various capitalization levels. Other Sub-advisers may invest in foreign companies with market capitalizations of less than $1 billion, referred to as “micro-cap” companies.

It is expected that, under normal market conditions, at least 40% of the Fund’s assets will be invested in the securities of companies that are tied economically to at least three countries outside the U.S. The Fund typically will treat a company domiciled, incorporated, organized, headquartered or located and/or principally traded in the U.S. as tied economically to a country or countries outside the U.S., if the company (i) derives at least 50% of its revenues or profits from goods produced or sold, investment made, or services performed in the country or countries outside the U.S., or (ii) has at least 50% of its assets in that country or countries.

Emerging market countries are those countries that are: (i) characterized as developing or emerging by any of the World Bank, the United Nations, the International Finance Corporation, or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; (ii) included in an emerging markets index by a recognized index provider; or (iii) countries with similar developing or emerging characteristics, in each case determined by the applicable Sub-adviser at the time of purchase. Certain emerging market countries may also be classified as “frontier” market countries, which are a subset of emerging countries with even smaller national economies.

A Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors, including:

 

    potential for long-term growth or long-term capital appreciation;

 

    whether it believes the security is undervalued compared to its intrinsic value, present or anticipated earnings, cash flow, or book value;

 

    fundamental analysis of individual issuers;

 

    quantitative modeling that systematically evaluate issuers;

 

    the global economic backdrop and the Sub-adviser’s outlook with respect to certain industries, sectors, and individual countries;

 

    the overall prospects for the applicable market or industry;

 

    whether the company is capable of achieving and sustaining above-average, long-term earnings growth;

 

    whether the company demonstrates leading or improving market position;

 

    whether the company occupies an attractive business niche;

 

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    if the company has an attractive or improving franchise or industry position;

 

    if the company has a seasoned management team or strong leadership;

 

    whether the company has stable or improving earnings and/or cash flow, or a sound or improving balance sheet;

 

    evaluations based in-person meetings with senior management;

 

    whether the company has sustainable competitive advantages or the ability to weather economic downturns; or

 

    other portfolio or risk management considerations support selling the security.

The Fund’s investments in developing countries generally are traded in currencies other than U.S. dollars. As a result, certain Sub-advisers will buy and sell foreign currencies to facilitate transactions in portfolio securities. Certain Sub-advisers will invest in derivatives, including futures, forwards, options and swaps, primarily to increase or decrease currency exposure and for other investment purposes. However, not all Sub-advisers will hedge their portfolios against possible fluctuations in exchange rates. The Fund may buy and sell currencies for cash at current exchange rates, or using an agreement to purchase or sell a specified currency at a specified future date or within a specified time period, at a price set at the time of the contract.

The Fund may invest in companies with limited operating histories and in companies conducting an initial public offering (IPO), and may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes:

 

    the security will no longer contribute to meeting the investment objective of the Fund;

 

    selling the security will help the Fund to secure gains, limit losses, or redeploy assets into more promising opportunities;

 

    the security has met the Sub-adviser’s valuation expectations;

 

    the company has failed to meet expectations;

 

    there has been a deterioration in the underlying fundamentals of a company;

 

    structural, business or regulatory changes will affect the company;

 

    the intermediate- and long-term prospects for a company are poor;

 

    another security may offer a better investment opportunity; or

 

    an individual security has reached its sell target.

[Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.]

Principal risks

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Concentration Risk. Issuers in a single country, a small number of countries, or a particular geographic region can react similarly to market, currency, political, economic, regulatory, geopolitical, and other conditions, and the fund’s performance will be affected by the conditions in the countries or regions in which the fund’s assets are invested. Similarly, issuers in an industry or sector can react similarly to market, economic, political, regulatory, geopolitical, and other conditions. If the Fund invests a significant percentage of the fund’s assets in issuers within an industry or sector, the fund’s performance will be affected by conditions in that industry or sector.

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. Industries in the consumer discretionary sector, such as consumer durables, hotels, restaurants, media, retailing, and automobiles, may be significantly impacted by the performance of the overall economy, interest rates, competition, consumer confidence and spending, and changes in demographics and consumer tastes.

 

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Consumer Staples Sector Risk. The consumer staples sector may be affected by marketing campaigns, changes in consumer demands, government regulations and changes in commodity prices.

Health Care Sector Risk. Health care companies are strongly affected by worldwide scientific or technological developments. Their products may rapidly become obsolete. Many health care companies are also subject to significant government regulation and may be affected by changes in government policies.

Industrials Sector Risk. Industries in the industrials sector include companies engaged in the production, distribution or service of products or equipment for manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, mining, and construction, and can be significantly affected by general economic trends, including such factors as employment and economic growth, interest rate changes, changes in consumer spending, legislative and government regulation and spending, import controls, commodity prices, and worldwide competition.

Information Technology Sector Risk. Stocks of information technology companies may be volatile because issuers are sensitive to rapid obsolescence of existing technology, short product cycles, falling prices and profits, competition from new market entrants, and general economic conditions. Information technology stocks, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market.

Materials Sector Risk. Changes in world events, political, environmental and economic conditions, energy conservation, environmental policies, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, and labor relations may adversely affect companies engaged in the production and distribution of materials.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s) and permitted under applicable law.

Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, swaps and options, may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments, traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying asset(s) (such as a security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference).

Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques, risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. The Fund’s derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in substantial, potentially unlimited, losses to the Fund regardless of the Fund’s actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of an adverse credit event associated with the underlying reference (credit risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value, price or rate of the underlying reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying interest rates (interest rate risk).

Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks, including the risk of loss due to a derivative position that is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate (correlation risk), the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform as agreed (counterparty risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk), the risk that losses may be greater than the amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), the risk that the investment may be difficult to value (pricing risk), and the risk that the price or value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time (volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be

 

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influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

Forwards. A forward contract is an over-the-counter derivative transaction between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of an underlying reference at a specified price (or rate) on a specified date in the future. Forward contracts are negotiated on an individual basis and are not standardized or traded on exchanges. The market for forward contracts is substantially unregulated (there is no limit on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable). The principals who deal in certain forward contract markets are not required to continue to make markets in the underlying references in which they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in forward contract markets have refused to quote prices for certain underlying references or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. At or prior to maturity of a forward contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in forward contract prices. The liquidity of the markets for forward contracts depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the market for forwards could be reduced. A relatively small price movement in a forward contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. Forward contracts can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

A forward foreign currency contract is a derivative (forward contract) in which the underlying reference is a country’s or region’s currency. The Fund may agree to buy or sell a country’s or region’s currency at a specific price on a specific date in the future. These instruments may fall in value (sometimes dramatically) due to foreign market downswings or foreign currency value fluctuations, subjecting the Fund to foreign currency risk (the risk that Fund performance may be negatively impacted by foreign currency strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly if the Fund exposes a significant percentage of its assets to currencies other than the U.S. dollar). The effectiveness of any currency strategy by the Fund may be reduced by the Fund’s inability to precisely match forward contract amounts and the value of securities involved. Forward foreign currency contracts used for hedging may also limit any potential gain that might result from an increase or decrease in the value of the currency. Unanticipated changes in the currency markets could result in reduced performance for the Fund. When the Fund converts its foreign currencies into U.S. dollars, it may incur currency conversion costs due to the spread between the prices at which it may buy and sell various currencies in the market.

Futures. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a reference instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the underlying reference instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as currency futures and currency forward contracts.

Options. An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option grants the purchaser, in exchange for a premium payment, a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The seller of an uncovered call (buy) option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium invested in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put (sell) option that is covered (e.g., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing his entire premium invested in the put option. An option’s time value (i.e., the component of the option’s value that exceeds the in-the-money amount) tends to diminish over time. Even though an option may be in-the-money to the buyer at various times prior to its expiration date, the buyer’s ability to realize the value of an option depends on when and how the option may be exercised.

For example, the terms of a transaction may provide for the option to be exercised automatically if it is in-the-money on the expiration date. Conversely, the terms may require timely delivery of a notice of exercise, and exercise may be subject to other conditions (such as the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events, such as knock-in, knock-out or other barrier events) and timing requirements, including the “style” of the option.

 

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Swap Agreements — Swaps are agreements whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated by reference to an underlying asset, such as a rate, index, instrument or securities. Swaps typically involve credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, funding risk, operational risk, legal and documentation risk, regulatory risk and/or tax risk. Interest rate swaps involve one party, in return for a premium, agreeing to make payments to another party to the extent that interest rates exceed or fall below a specified rate (a “cap” or “floor,” respectively). Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the other party to the agreement.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Stocks generally fluctuate in value more than bonds and may decline significantly over short time periods. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. The value of a stock in which the fund invests may decline due to general weakness in the stock market, economic or political conditions, or because of factors that affect a particular company or industry.

A particular company in which the Fund invests or to which it has exposure may perform poorly, and the value of its securities may therefore decline, which would negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Poor performance may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters or other events, conditions or factors.

With respect to investments in preferred stocks, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline.

Risks of investing in equity securities can also vary depending on the size (or “market capitalization”) of the company.

Large capitalization risk. Although stocks issued by larger companies tend to have less overall volatility than stocks issued by smaller companies, larger companies may not be able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during strong economic periods. In addition, larger companies may be less capable of responding quickly to competitive challenges and industry changes, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes, and may suffer sharper price declines as a result of earnings disappointments.

Mid-capitalization risk. Stocks of mid-sized companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, and may be dependent upon a particular niche of the market.

Small capitalization risk. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources and may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group.

Micro capitalization risk. The securities of micro-cap companies may be more volatile in price, have wider spreads between their bid and ask prices, and have significantly lower trading volumes than the securities of larger capitalization companies. As a result, the purchase or sale of more than a limited number of shares of the securities of a smaller company may affect its market price. The Fund may need a considerable amount of time to purchase or sell its positions in these securities. Some U.S. micro-cap companies are followed by few, if any, securities analysts, and there tends to be less publicly available information about such companies. Their securities generally have even more limited trading volumes and are subject to even more abrupt or erratic market price movements than are small-cap and mid-cap securities, and the Fund may be able to deal with only a few market-makers when purchasing and selling micro-cap securities. Such companies also may have limited markets, financial resources or product lines, may lack management depth, and may be more vulnerable to adverse business or market developments. These conditions, which create greater opportunities to find securities trading well below the investment adviser’s estimate of the company’s current worth, also involve increased risk.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning interests of an ETF generally reflect the same risks as owning the underlying securities or other instruments that the ETF is designed to track. The shares of certain ETFs may trade at a premium or discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the net asset value (NAV) of an ETF’s shares). For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the ETF’s investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid markets. By investing in an ETF, the Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETF in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s operations.

 

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ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Most ETFs are passively-managed, meaning they invest in a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. Such ETF expenses may make owning shares of the ETF more costly than owning the underlying securities directly. The risks of owning shares of a passively-managed ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism; occurring in the country or region, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies, and are subject to the risks associated with potential imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or other taxes on the Fund’s income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly to the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Depositary receipts risk. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company reflecting ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Some foreign securities are traded in the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). Depositary receipts involve risks similar to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, including those associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, which may be related to the particular political, regulatory, economic, social and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism, occurring in the country and fluctuations in its currency, as well as market risk tied to the underlying foreign company. In addition, ADR holders may have limited voting rights, may not have the same rights afforded typical company stockholders in the event of a corporate action such as an acquisition, merger or rights offering and may experience difficulty in receiving company stockholder communications.

Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than that of issuers in other countries.

Frontier markets risk. Frontier markets, considered by the Fund to be a subset of emerging markets, generally have smaller economies and less mature capital markets than emerging markets. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries. Frontier markets are more susceptible to abrupt changes in currency values, less mature markets and settlement practices, and lower trading volumes that could lead to greater price volatility and illiquidity.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-advisers’ approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style. For example, growth stocks tend to be more volatile than certain other types of stocks, and their prices may fluctuate more dramatically than the overall stock market. A stock with growth characteristics can have sharp price declines due to decreases in current or expected earnings and may lack dividends that can help cushion its share price in a declining market. The stocks of value companies can continue to be undervalued for long periods of time, may not realize their expected value, and can be more volatile than the market in general.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them. There may be no willing buyer of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities. An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods.

 

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Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.

[Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent buying and selling of investments may involve higher trading costs and other expenses and may affect the Fund’s performance over time.]

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries on a fully collateralized basis in order to earn additional income. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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Destinations Equity Income Fund

Investment objective

Primary objective of current income with secondary objective of long-term capital appreciation.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in dividend-paying securities of both U.S.-based and foreign companies. The Fund defines dividend-paying securities as high dividend-paying common and preferred stocks with dividend growth potential. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund invests primarily in common stock, preferred stock, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), foreign securities, American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), equity-linked notes and derivatives that are believed to be attractively valued and to have the potential for long-term growth. An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors, including:

 

    current yield;

 

    dividend growth capability and dividend history;

 

    potential for long-term growth or long-term capital appreciation;

 

    balance sheet strength;

 

    earnings per share and free cash flow sustainability;

 

    dividend payout ratio; or

 

    performance during periods of market weakness.

In selecting investments for purchase and sale, the Fund seeks to deliver a dividend yield that is higher than the broad market and to pursue competitive performance in all market environments.

The Fund may invest up to 40% of its net assets in foreign securities, including emerging markets. The Sub-adviser may attempt to hedge against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates by engaging in forward currency transactions or currency swaps and trading currency futures contracts and options on these futures. However, a Sub-adviser may choose not to, or may be unable to, hedge the Fund’s currency exposure.

In pursuing the Fund’s investment objective, the Sub-adviser has the discretion to deviate from the Fund’s normal investment criteria by investing its assets in shorter-term debt securities and similar obligations or holding cash. It may do this in response to usual circumstances, such as: adverse market, economic or other conditions; to maintain liquidity to meet shareholders redemptions; or to accommodate cash inflows.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance. The Fund may invest in companies with limited operating histories and in companies conducting an initial public offering (IPO).

The Fund may also allocate assets to unaffiliated funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), including open-end funds, closed-end funds, and ETFs. The Fund may specifically use ETFs to gain passive investment exposure, transitioning the Fund’s portfolio or awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes:

 

    the security will no longer contribute to meeting the investment objective of the Fund;

 

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    the combination of dividend yield and dividend growth becomes inadequate;

 

    the investment thesis deteriorates;

 

    diminished management commitment to the dividend;

 

    the valuation becomes expensive relative to various valuation measures;

 

    the stock’s weighting in the portfolio exceeds appropriate level;

 

    deterioration in issuer’s financial circumstances or fundamental prospectus; or

 

    if other investments become more attractive.

The Fund may also sell securities when the Adviser reallocates assets among Sub-advisers or between passive and active management strategies.

Principal risks

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-Advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s) and permitted under applicable law.

Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, swaps and options, may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments, traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying asset(s) (such as a security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference).

Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques, risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. The Fund’s derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in substantial, potentially unlimited, losses to the Fund regardless of the Fund’s actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of an adverse credit event associated with the underlying reference (credit risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value, price or rate of the underlying reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying interest rates (interest rate risk).

Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks, including the risk of loss due to a derivative position that is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate (correlation risk), the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform as agreed (counterparty risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk),

 

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the risk that losses may be greater than the amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), the risk that the investment may be difficult to value (pricing risk), and the risk that the price or value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time (volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

Forwards. A forward contract is an over-the-counter derivative transaction between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of an underlying reference at a specified price (or rate) on a specified date in the future. Forward contracts are negotiated on an individual basis and are not standardized or traded on exchanges. The market for forward contracts is substantially unregulated (there is no limit on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable). The principals who deal in certain forward contract markets are not required to continue to make markets in the underlying references in which they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in forward contract markets have refused to quote prices for certain underlying references or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. At or prior to maturity of a forward contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in forward contract prices. The liquidity of the markets for forward contracts depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the market for forwards could be reduced. A relatively small price movement in a forward contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. Forward contracts can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

A forward foreign currency contract is a derivative (forward contract) in which the underlying reference is a country’s or region’s currency. The Fund may agree to buy or sell a country’s or region’s currency at a specific price on a specific date in the future. These instruments may fall in value (sometimes dramatically) due to foreign market downswings or foreign currency value fluctuations, subjecting the Fund to foreign currency risk (the risk that Fund performance may be negatively impacted by foreign currency strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly if the Fund exposes a significant percentage of its assets to currencies other than the U.S. dollar). The effectiveness of any currency strategy by the Fund may be reduced by the Fund’s inability to precisely match forward contract amounts and the value of securities involved. Forward foreign currency contracts used for hedging may also limit any potential gain that might result from an increase or decrease in the value of the currency. Unanticipated changes in the currency markets could result in reduced performance for the Fund. When the Fund converts its foreign currencies into U.S. dollars, it may incur currency conversion costs due to the spread between the prices at which it may buy and sell various currencies in the market.

Futures. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a reference instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the underlying reference instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as currency futures and currency forward contracts.

Options. An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option grants the purchaser, in exchange for a premium payment, a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The seller of an uncovered call (buy) option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium invested in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put (sell) option that is covered (e.g., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing his entire premium invested in the put option. An option’s time value (i.e., the component of the option’s value that exceeds the in-the-money amount) tends to diminish over time. Even though an option may be in-the-money to the buyer at various times prior to its expiration date, the buyer’s ability to realize the value of an option depends on when and how the option may be exercised. For example, the terms of a transaction may provide for the option to be exercised automatically if it is in-the-money on the expiration date. Conversely, the terms may require timely delivery of a notice of exercise, and exercise may be subject to other conditions (such as the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events, such as knock-in, knock-out or other barrier events) and timing requirements, including the “style” of the option.

 

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Swap Agreements. Swaps are agreements whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated by reference to an underlying asset, such as a rate, index, instrument or securities. Swaps typically involve credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, funding risk, operational risk, legal and documentation risk, regulatory risk and/or tax risk. Interest rate swaps involve one party, in return for a premium, agreeing to make payments to another party to the extent that interest rates exceed or fall below a specified rate (a “cap” or “floor,” respectively). Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the other party to the agreement.

Dividend Income Risk. There is no guarantee that the issuers of the stocks held by the Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if dividends are declared, they will remain at their current levels or increase over time. Because a dividend is always a positive contributor to total return, dividend-paying stocks are typically less volatile than non-dividend-paying stocks. Accordingly, the Fund’s performance may lag behind the general market when dividend-paying stocks are out of favor.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Stocks generally fluctuate in value more than bonds and may decline significantly over short time periods. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. The value of a stock in which the fund invests may decline due to general weakness in the stock market, economic or political conditions, or because of factors that affect a particular company or industry.

A particular company in which the Fund invests or to which it has exposure may perform poorly, and the value of its securities may therefore decline, which would negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Poor performance may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters or other events, conditions or factors.

With respect to investments in preferred stocks, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline.

Risks of investing in equity securities can also vary depending on the size (or “market capitalization”) of the company.

Large capitalization risk. Although stocks issued by larger companies tend to have less overall volatility than stocks issued by smaller companies, larger companies may not be able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during strong economic periods. In addition, larger companies may be less capable of responding quickly to competitive challenges and industry changes, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes, and may suffer sharper price declines as a result of earnings disappointments.

Mid-capitalization risk. Stocks of mid-sized companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, and may be dependent upon a particular niche of the market.

Small capitalization risk. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources and may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning interests of an ETF generally reflect the same risks as owning the underlying securities or other instruments that the ETF is designed to track. The shares of certain ETFs may trade at a premium or discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the net asset value (NAV) of an ETF’s shares). For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the ETF’s investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid markets. By investing in an ETF, the Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETF in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s operations.

ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Most ETFs are passively-managed, meaning they invest in a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. Such ETF expenses may make owning shares of the ETF more

 

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costly than owning the underlying securities directly. The risks of owning shares of a passively-managed ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism; occurring in the country or region, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies, and are subject to the risks associated with potential imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or other taxes on the Fund’s income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly to the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Depositary receipts risk. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company reflecting ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Some foreign securities are traded in the form of ADRs, Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). Depositary receipts involve risks similar to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, including those associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, which may be related to the particular political, regulatory, economic, social and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism, occurring in the country and fluctuations in its currency, as well as market risk tied to the underlying foreign company. In addition, ADR holders may have limited voting rights, may not have the same rights afforded typical company stockholders in the event of a corporate action such as an acquisition, merger or rights offering and may experience difficulty in receiving company stockholder communications.

Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than that of issuers in other countries.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-advisers’ approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style. For example, growth stocks tend to be more volatile than certain other types of stocks, and their prices may fluctuate more dramatically than the overall stock market. A stock with growth characteristics can have sharp price declines due to decreases in current or expected earnings and may lack dividends that can help cushion its share price in a declining market.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them. There may be no willing buyer of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities. An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.

Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) Risk. REITs, including foreign REITS and REIT-like entities, are subject to risks associated with the ownership of real estate. Some REITs experience market risk due to investment in a limited number of properties, in a narrow

 

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geographic area, or in a single property type, which increases the risk that such REIT could be unfavorably affected by the poor performance of a single investment or investment type. These companies are also sensitive to factors such as changes in real estate values and property taxes, interest rates, cash flow of underlying real estate assets, supply and demand and the management skill and creditworthiness of the issuer. Borrowers could default on or sell investments that a REIT holds, which could reduce the cash flow needed to make distributions to investors. In addition, REITs may also be affected by tax and regulatory requirements impacting the REITs’ ability to qualify for preferential tax treatments or exemptions. REITs require specialized management and pay management expenses. REITs also are subject to physical risks to real property, including weather, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, war, or other events that destroy real property. Foreign REITS and REIT-like entities can also be subject to currency risk, emerging market risk, limited public information, illiquid trading and the impact of local laws.

REITs include equity REITs and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. Equity and mortgage REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidations. In addition, equity and mortgage REITs could possibly fail to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under applicable tax laws or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. In addition, even many of the larger REITs in the industry tend to be small to medium-sized companies in relation to the equity markets as a whole.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries on a fully collateralized basis in order to earn additional income. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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Destinations Real Assets Fund

Investment objective

Long term capital appreciation with some inflation protection.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (including any borrowings for investment purposes) in “real assets” and securities of companies that derive at least 50% of their profits or revenues from, or commit at least 50% of assets to, real assets and activities related to real assets. Real assets are defined broadly by the Fund and are considered to include any assets that have physical properties, such as energy and natural resources, real estate, basic materials, equipment, utilities and infrastructure, and commodities. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by allocating its assets among one or more of the following general investment categories: domestic and international real estate and securities of companies tied to the real estate industry; utilities and infrastructure; natural resources and commodities; and master limited partnerships (MLPs). Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 25% of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase in the securities of issuers conducting their principal business activities in the energy and other natural resources groups of industries. The Fund considers a company to be principally engaged in natural resources industries if the Sub-adviser believes that the company has the potential for capital appreciation primarily as a result of particular products, technology, patents or other market advantages in natural resource industries. A portion of the Fund’s assets may also be invested in securities of companies that primarily own, explore, mine, process or otherwise develop natural resources, or supply goods and services to such companies.

Companies in natural resources industries include companies principally engaged in the discovery, development, production, or distribution of natural resources; the development of technologies for the production or efficient use of natural resources; or the furnishing of related supplies or services. Natural resources may include, for example, energy sources, precious and other metals, forest products, real estate, food and agriculture, and other basic commodities.

The Fund may invest in securities of issuers located anywhere in the world and normally will invest in securities of companies located in at least three countries, which may include the United States.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser will also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors. Currently, the Fund’s assets are managed by a single Sub-adviser, subject to the oversight of the Adviser.

The Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors, which may include:

 

    the supply cost curve of a given commodity;

 

    the asset location along the supply cost curve;

 

    the inventory of future projects;

 

    the management team quality;

 

    a country’s risk; or

 

    whether the stock price reflects a limited possibility of permanent capital impairment.

In selecting investments for purchase and sale, the Sub-adviser seeks to identify companies that have the potential to provide favorable long-term investment performance in any of the real asset industries over a commodity price cycle.

The Fund may invest in securities of issuers located anywhere in the world and will normally invest in securities of companies located in at least one country other than the United States. Activities related to real assets may include, but are not limited to, the development, production or distribution of real assets; the development of technologies for the production or efficient use of real assets; or the furnishing of related supplies or services.

 

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The Fund is non-diversified and expects to hold a larger portion of its assets in a smaller number of issuers. The Fund will likely hold a more limited number of securities than many other mutual funds. The Fund will likely hold a more limited number of securities than many other mutual funds. The Fund may also at times, but will not necessarily, hold a substantial portion of its assets in cash or cash equivalents.

A portion of the Fund’s assets may be invested in the real estate industry. The Fund invests in equity securities of global companies principally engaged in the real estate industry (“real estate companies”). A real estate company has at least 50% of its assets, income or profits derived from products or services related to the real estate industry. Real estate companies include real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), REIT-like entities, and companies with substantial real estate holdings such as paper, lumber, hotel and entertainment companies as well as building supply manufacturers, mortgage lenders, and mortgage servicing companies.

A portion of the Fund’s assets may be invested in securities of companies that primarily own, explore, mine, process or otherwise develop natural resources, or supply goods and services to such companies. Natural resources generally include precious metals, such as gold, silver and platinum, ferrous and nonferrous metals, such as iron, aluminum and copper, strategic metals such as uranium and titanium, hydrocarbons such as coal, oil and natural gas, timberland, undeveloped real property and agricultural commodities.

A portion of the Fund’s assets may be invested in MLPs. Generally, MLPs are engaged in the transportation, storage, processing, refining, marketing, production, or mining of natural resources. The Fund invests primarily in the mid-stream category of MLPs, which is generally comprised of pipelines used to gather, process, transport, and distribute natural gas, crude oil, and refined petroleum products.

The Fund may lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

The Fund may also allocate assets to unaffiliated funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the “1940 Act”), including open-end funds, closed-end funds, and ETFs. The Fund may specifically use ETFs to gain passive investment exposure, transitioning the Fund’s portfolio or awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly.

The Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes:

 

    the security will no longer contribute to meeting the investment objective of the Fund;

 

    selling the security will help the Fund to secure gains, limit losses, or redeploy assets into more promising opportunities;

 

    the asset location along the supply cost curve has changed in a way that favors selling the asset;

 

    changes in the inventory of future projects;

 

    the management team quality has declined; or

 

    increases in a country’s risk make the investment less favorable.

The Fund may also sell securities when the Adviser reallocates assets among Sub-advisers or between passive and active management strategies.

Principal risks

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Cash Position Risk. To the extent the Fund holds assets in cash and cash equivalents, the ability of the Fund to meet its objective may be limited.

 

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Concentration Risk. Concentrating investments in the real assets sector increases the risk of loss because the stocks of many or all of the companies in the sector may decline in value due to developments adversely affecting the sector. In particular, the Fund’s investments will be concentrated in companies that conduct their principal business activities in the energy and other natural resources groups of industries. In addition, investors may buy or sell substantial amounts of the Fund’s shares in response to factors affecting or expected to affect the real assets sector, resulting in extreme inflows and outflows of cash into and out of the Fund. Such inflows or outflows might affect management of the Fund adversely to the extent they were to cause the Fund’s cash position or cash requirements to exceed normal levels.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s) and permitted under applicable law.

Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, swaps and options, may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments, traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying asset(s) (such as a security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference).

Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques, risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. The Fund’s derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in substantial, potentially unlimited, losses to the Fund regardless of the Fund’s actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of an adverse credit event associated with the underlying reference (credit risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value, price or rate of the underlying reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying interest rates (interest rate risk).

Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks, including the risk of loss due to a derivative position that is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate (correlation risk), the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform as agreed (counterparty risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk), the risk that losses may be greater than the amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), the risk that the investment may be difficult to value (pricing risk), and the risk that the price or value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time (volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

Forwards. A forward contract is an over-the-counter derivative transaction between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of an underlying reference at a specified price (or rate) on a specified date in the future. Forward contracts are negotiated on an individual basis and are not standardized or traded on exchanges. The market for forward contracts is substantially unregulated (there is no limit on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable). The principals who deal in certain forward contract markets are not required to continue to make markets in the underlying references in which they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in forward contract markets have refused to quote prices for certain underlying references or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. At or prior to maturity of a forward contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in forward contract prices. The liquidity of the markets for forward contracts depends

 

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on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the market for forwards could be reduced. A relatively small price movement in a forward contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. Forward contracts can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

A forward foreign currency contract is a derivative (forward contract) in which the underlying reference is a country’s or region’s currency. The Fund may agree to buy or sell a country’s or region’s currency at a specific price on a specific date in the future. These instruments may fall in value (sometimes dramatically) due to foreign market downswings or foreign currency value fluctuations, subjecting the Fund to foreign currency risk (the risk that Fund performance may be negatively impacted by foreign currency strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly if the Fund exposes a significant percentage of its assets to currencies other than the U.S. dollar). The effectiveness of any currency strategy by the Fund may be reduced by the Fund’s inability to precisely match forward contract amounts and the value of securities involved. Forward foreign currency contracts used for hedging may also limit any potential gain that might result from an increase or decrease in the value of the currency. Unanticipated changes in the currency markets could result in reduced performance for the Fund. When the Fund converts its foreign currencies into U.S. dollars, it may incur currency conversion costs due to the spread between the prices at which it may buy and sell various currencies in the market.

Futures. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a reference instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the underlying reference instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as currency futures and currency forward contracts.

Options. An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option grants the purchaser, in exchange for a premium payment, a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The seller of an uncovered call (buy) option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium invested in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put (sell) option that is covered (e.g., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing his entire premium invested in the put option. An option’s time value (i.e., the component of the option’s value that exceeds the in-the-money amount) tends to diminish over time. Even though an option may be in-the-money to the buyer at various times prior to its expiration date, the buyer’s ability to realize the value of an option depends on when and how the option may be exercised. For example, the terms of a transaction may provide for the option to be exercised automatically if it is in-the-money on the expiration date. Conversely, the terms may require timely delivery of a notice of exercise, and exercise may be subject to other conditions (such as the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events, such as knock-in, knock-out or other barrier events) and timing requirements, including the “style” of the option.

Swap Agreements. Swaps are agreements whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated by reference to an underlying asset, such as a rate, index, instrument or securities. Swaps typically involve credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, funding risk, operational risk, legal and documentation risk, regulatory risk and/or tax risk. Interest rate swaps involve one party, in return for a premium, agreeing to make payments to another party to the extent that interest rates exceed or fall below a specified rate (a “cap” or “floor,” respectively). Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the other party to the agreement.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

 

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Stocks generally fluctuate in value more than bonds and may decline significantly over short time periods. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. The value of a stock in which the fund invests may decline due to general weakness in the stock market, economic or political conditions, or because of factors that affect a particular company or industry.

A particular company in which the Fund invests or to which it has exposure may perform poorly, and the value of its securities may therefore decline, which would negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Poor performance may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters or other events, conditions or factors.

With respect to investments in preferred stocks, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline.

Risks of investing in equity securities can also vary depending on the size (or “market capitalization”) of the company.

Large capitalization risk. Although stocks issued by larger companies tend to have less overall volatility than stocks issued by smaller companies, larger companies may not be able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during strong economic periods. In addition, larger companies may be less capable of responding quickly to competitive challenges and industry changes, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes, and may suffer sharper price declines as a result of earnings disappointments.

Mid-capitalization risk. Stocks of mid-sized companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, and may be dependent upon a particular niche of the market.

Small capitalization risk. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources and may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning interests of an ETF generally reflect the same risks as owning the underlying securities or other instruments that the ETF is designed to track. The shares of certain ETFs may trade at a premium or discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the net asset value (NAV) of an ETF’s shares). For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the ETF’s investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid markets. By investing in an ETF, the Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETF in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s operations.

ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Most ETFs are passively-managed, meaning they invest in a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. Such ETF expenses may make owning shares of the ETF more costly than owning the underlying securities directly. The risks of owning shares of a passively-managed ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism; occurring in the country or region, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies, and are subject to the risks associated with potential imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or other taxes on the Fund’s income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly to the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Depositary receipts risk. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company reflecting ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Some foreign securities are traded in the form of ADRs, Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). Depositary receipts involve risks similar to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, including those associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, which may be related to the particular political, regulatory, economic, social and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism, occurring in the country and fluctuations in its currency, as well as market risk tied to the

 

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underlying foreign company. In addition, ADR holders may have limited voting rights, may not have the same rights afforded typical company stockholders in the event of a corporate action such as an acquisition, merger or rights offering and may experience difficulty in receiving company stockholder communications.

Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than that of issuers in other countries.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-advisers’ approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style. For example, growth stocks tend to be more volatile than certain other types of stocks, and their prices may fluctuate more dramatically than the overall stock market. A stock with growth characteristics can have sharp price declines due to decreases in current or expected earnings and may lack dividends that can help cushion its share price in a declining market.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them. There may be no willing buyer of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities. An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Natural Resources Investment Risk. Investment in companies in natural resources industries can be significantly affected by (often rapid) changes in supply of, or demand for, various natural resources. They may also be affected by changes in energy prices, international political and economic developments, environmental incidents, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, changes in commodity prices, and tax and other government regulations.

Non-Diversified Risk. As a non-diversified fund, the Fund may invest a larger portion of its assets in a smaller number of issuers. This could make the Fund more susceptible to economic or credit risks than a diversified fund.

Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) Risk. REITs, including foreign REITS and REIT-like entities, are subject to risks associated with the ownership of real estate. Some REITs experience market risk due to investment in a limited number of properties, in a narrow geographic area, or in a single property type, which increases the risk that such REIT could be unfavorably affected by the poor performance of a single investment or investment type. These companies are also sensitive to factors such as changes in real estate values and property taxes, interest rates, cash flow of underlying real estate assets, supply and demand and the management skill and creditworthiness of the issuer. Borrowers could default on or sell investments that a REIT holds, which could reduce the cash flow needed to make distributions to investors. In addition, REITs may also be affected by tax and regulatory requirements impacting the REITs’ ability to qualify for preferential tax treatments or exemptions. REITs require specialized management and pay management expenses. REITs also are subject to physical risks to real property, including weather, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, war, or other events that destroy real property. Foreign REITS and REIT-like entities can also be subject to currency risk, emerging market risk, limited public information, illiquid trading and the impact of local laws.

REITs include equity REITs and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. Equity and mortgage REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidations. In addition, equity and mortgage REITs could possibly fail to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under applicable tax laws or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. In addition, even many of the larger REITs in the industry tend to be small to medium-sized companies in relation to the equity markets as a whole.

 

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Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries on a fully collateralized basis in order to earn additional income. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

Investment objective

Maximize current income and total return.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in a diversified portfolio of fixed income instruments. The Fund defines fixed income instruments as a fixed income security, a security issued at a discount to its face value, a security that pays interest, whether fixed, floating or variable, or a security with a stated principal amount that requires repayment of some or all of that principal amount to the holder of that security. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund invests primarily in bonds, debt, and other fixed income instruments issued by governmental or private-sector entities, including mortgage-backed securities, corporate bonds, junk bonds, bank loans, loan participations and assignments, derivatives, credit default swaps, inverse floater securities, interest-only and principal-only securities and money market instruments. The Fund may invest in companies with limited operating histories and in companies conducting an initial public offering (IPO). An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors; including:

 

    maturity;

 

    coupon rates;

 

    economic sectors represented by the securities;

 

    credit quality of the securities;

 

    the overall prospects for the applicable market or industry;

 

    the global economic backdrop and the Sub-adviser’s outlook with respect to certain industries and sectors;

 

    whether or not the securities are callable; or

 

    weighted average duration.

Each Sub-adviser monitors the duration of its portion of the Fund’s portfolio to seek to assess and, in its discretion, adjust the portfolio’s exposure to interest rate risk. In managing the Fund’s investments, under normal market conditions, each Sub-adviser intends to seek to construct an investment portfolio with a weighted average effective duration of no less than one year and no more than ten years. The Sub-advisers may have different target durations for their respective portion of the Fund’s assets.

The Fund may invest a substantial portion of its nets assets in mortgage-backed securities of any maturity or type guaranteed by, or secured by collateral that is guaranteed by, the United States Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored corporations, or in privately issued mortgage-backed securities rated at the time of investment Aa3 or higher by Moody’s or AA- or higher by S&P or the equivalent by any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization or in unrated securities that are determined by a Sub-adviser to be of comparable quality. Mortgage-backed securities include, among others, government mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, multiclass pass-through securities, private mortgage pass-through securities, stripped mortgage securities and inverse floaters.

The Fund may invest in junk bonds, bank loans and assignments rated below investment grade or unrated but determined by the Sub-adviser to be of comparable quality, and credit default swaps of companies in the high yield universe. The Sub-Advisers do not consider the term “junk bond” to include any mortgage-backed securities or any other asset-backed securities regardless of their credit quality. The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

 

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The Fund may also allocate assets to unaffiliated funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act, as amended (the “1940 Act”), including open-end funds, closed-end funds, and ETFs. The Fund may specifically use ETFs to gain passive investment exposure, transitioning the Fund’s portfolio or awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes:

 

    there is a better investment opportunity;

 

    the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive investment opportunities;

 

    when the portfolio managers perceive deterioration in the credit fundamentals of the issuer; or

 

    when the portfolio managers believe it would be appropriate to do so in order to readjust duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio.

The Fund may also sell securities when the Adviser reallocates assets among Sub-advisers or between passive and active management strategies.

[Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.]

Principal risks

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Asset-backed investments tend to increase in value less than other debt securities when interest rates decline, but are subject to similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. In a period of declining interest rates, the Fund may be required to reinvest more frequent prepayments on asset-backed investments in lower-yielding investments. There is a risk that borrowers may default on their obligations in respect of certain underlying obligations of asset-backed securities. Certain assets underlying asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment, which may reduce the overall return to asset-backed security holders. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize the assets may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses associated with a decline in the value of underlying assets. Certain asset-backed securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the related collateral as do mortgage-backed securities; nor are they provided government guarantees of repayment as are some mortgage-backed securities. Credit card receivables generally are unsecured, and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. In addition, some issuers of automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related automobile receivables.

Bank Loans Risk. Commercial banks and other financial institutions or institutional investors make corporate loans to companies that need capital to grow or restructure. Borrowers generally pay interest on corporate loans at rates that change in response to changes in market interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the prime rates of U.S. banks. As a result, the value of corporate loan investments is generally less exposed to the adverse effects of shifts in market interest rates than investments that pay a fixed rate of interest. The market for corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads. In addition, transactions in corporate loans may settle on a delayed basis. As a result, the proceeds from the sale of corporate loans may not be readily available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, the Fund may hold additional cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks and other lenders. The corporate loans in which the Fund invests are usually rated below investment grade.

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. Investing in currencies or

 

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securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s) and permitted under applicable law.

Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, swaps and options, may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments, traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying asset(s) (such as a security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference).

Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques, risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. The Fund’s derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in substantial, potentially unlimited, losses to the Fund regardless of the Fund’s actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of an adverse credit event associated with the underlying reference (credit risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value, price or rate of the underlying reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying interest rates (interest rate risk).

Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks, including the risk of loss due to a derivative position that is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate (correlation risk), the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform as agreed (counterparty risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk), the risk that losses may be greater than the amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), the risk that the investment may be difficult to value (pricing risk), and the risk that the price or value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time (volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

Forwards. A forward contract is an over-the-counter derivative transaction between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of an underlying reference at a specified price (or rate) on a specified date in the future. Forward contracts are negotiated on an individual basis and are not standardized or traded on exchanges. The market for forward contracts is substantially unregulated (there is no limit on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable). The principals who deal in certain forward contract markets are not required to continue to make markets in the underlying references in which they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in forward contract markets have refused to quote prices for certain underlying references or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. At or prior to maturity of a forward contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in forward contract prices. The liquidity of the markets for forward contracts depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the market for forwards could be reduced. A relatively small price movement in a forward contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. Forward contracts can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

A forward foreign currency contract is a derivative (forward contract) in which the underlying reference is a country’s or region’s currency. The Fund may agree to buy or sell a country’s or region’s currency at a specific price on a specific date in the future. These instruments may fall in value (sometimes dramatically) due to foreign market downswings or foreign currency value fluctuations, subjecting the Fund to foreign currency risk (the risk that Fund performance may be negatively impacted by

 

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foreign currency strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly if the Fund exposes a significant percentage of its assets to currencies other than the U.S. dollar). The effectiveness of any currency strategy by the Fund may be reduced by the Fund’s inability to precisely match forward contract amounts and the value of securities involved. Forward foreign currency contracts used for hedging may also limit any potential gain that might result from an increase or decrease in the value of the currency. Unanticipated changes in the currency markets could result in reduced performance for the Fund. When the Fund converts its foreign currencies into U.S. dollars, it may incur currency conversion costs due to the spread between the prices at which it may buy and sell various currencies in the market.

Futures. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a reference instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the underlying reference instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as currency futures and currency forward contracts.

Options. An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option grants the purchaser, in exchange for a premium payment, a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The seller of an uncovered call (buy) option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium invested in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put (sell) option that is covered (e.g., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing his entire premium invested in the put option. An option’s time value (i.e., the component of the option’s value that exceeds the in-the-money amount) tends to diminish over time. Even though an option may be in-the-money to the buyer at various times prior to its expiration date, the buyer’s ability to realize the value of an option depends on when and how the option may be exercised. For example, the terms of a transaction may provide for the option to be exercised automatically if it is in-the-money on the expiration date. Conversely, the terms may require timely delivery of a notice of exercise, and exercise may be subject to other conditions (such as the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events, such as knock-in, knock-out or other barrier events) and timing requirements, including the “style” of the option.

Swap Agreements — Swaps are agreements whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated by reference to an underlying asset, such as a rate, index, instrument or securities. Swaps typically involve credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, funding risk, operational risk, legal and documentation risk, regulatory risk and/or tax risk. Interest rate swaps involve one party, in return for a premium, agreeing to make payments to another party to the extent that interest rates exceed or fall below a specified rate (a “cap” or “floor,” respectively). Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the other party to the agreement.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning interests of an ETF generally reflect the same risks as owning the underlying securities or other instruments that the ETF is designed to track. The shares of certain ETFs may trade at a premium or discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the net asset value (NAV) of an ETF’s shares). For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the ETF’s investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid markets. By investing in an ETF, the Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETF in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s operations.

ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Most ETFs are passively-managed, meaning they invest in a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. Such ETF expenses may make owning shares of the ETF more costly than owning the underlying securities directly. The risks of owning shares of a passively-managed ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.

 

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Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.

Fixed Income Market Risk. The prices of the Fund’s fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments and their agencies. Generally, the Fund’s fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa. Fixed income securities may have fixed-, variable- or floating-rates. There is a risk that the current interest rate on floating and variable rate instruments may not accurately reflect existing market interest rates. Also, longer-term securities are generally more sensitive to changes in the level of interest rates, so the average maturity or duration of these securities affects risk. Changes in government policy, including the Federal Reserve’s decisions with respect to raising interest rates or terminating certain programs such as quantitative easing, could increase the risk that interest rates will rise. Rising interest rates may, in turn, increase volatility and reduce liquidity in the fixed income markets, and result in a decline in the value of the fixed income investments held by the Fund. These risks may be heightened in a low interest rate environment. In addition, reductions in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could further decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. In the case of foreign securities, price fluctuations will reflect international economic and political events, as well as changes in currency valuations relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result of these conditions, the Fund’s value may fluctuate and/or the Fund may experience increased redemptions from shareholders, which may impact the Fund’s liquidity or force the Fund to sell securities into a declining or illiquid market.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism; occurring in the country or region, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies, and are subject to the risks associated with potential imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or other taxes on the Fund’s income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly to the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Depositary receipts risk. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company reflecting ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Some foreign securities are traded in the form of ADRs, Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). Depositary receipts involve risks similar to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, including those associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, which may be related to the particular political, regulatory, economic, social and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism, occurring in the country and fluctuations in its currency, as well as market risk tied to the underlying foreign company. In addition, ADR holders may have limited voting rights, may not have the same rights afforded typical company stockholders in the event of a corporate action such as an acquisition, merger or rights offering and may experience difficulty in receiving company stockholder communications.

Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than that of issuers in other countries.

High Yield (Junk Bonds) Risk. Debt instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated and determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality are predominantly speculative. They are usually issued by companies without long track records of sales and earnings or by companies with questionable credit strength. These instruments, commonly known as ‘junk bonds,’ have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, general economic downturn, and less secondary market liquidity. This potential lack of liquidity may make it more difficult for the Fund to value these instruments accurately. An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of issuers (particularly those that are highly leveraged) to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that the values of debt instruments held by the Fund will change in response to changes in interest rates. In general, the value of a fixed-income instrument with positive duration will generally decline if interest rates increase, whereas the value of an instrument with negative duration will generally decline if interest rates decrease. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to increases in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a bond that is used to determine the sensitivity of an instrument’s price to changes in interest rates. For example, the price of a bond fund with an average duration of three years generally would be expected to fall approximately 3% if interest rates rose by one percentage point. Inverse floaters, interest-only and principal-only securities are

 

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especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments. Adjustable rate instruments also react to interest rate changes in a similar manner although generally to a lesser degree (depending, however, on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index chosen, frequency of reset and reset caps or floors, among other things). During periods of increasing interest rates, changes in the interest rate payments of adjustable rate instruments may lag the changes in market interest rates or may have limits on the maximum increase in interest rates. Conversely, there may not be any limitations or caps on the adjustment down of interest rate payments during periods of declining market interest rates.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-advisers’ approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style. For example, growth stocks tend to be more volatile than certain other types of stocks, and their prices may fluctuate more dramatically than the overall stock market. A stock with growth characteristics can have sharp price declines due to decreases in current or expected earnings and may lack dividends that can help cushion its share price in a declining market.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them. There may be no willing buyer of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance.

Loan Assignment/Loan Participation Risk. If a bank loan is acquired through an assignment, the Fund may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral. If a bank loan is acquired through a participation, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce against the borrower compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, and the Fund may not benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities. An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods.

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities include, among other things, participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans purchased from individual lenders by a federal agency or originated and issued by private lenders and involve, among others, the following risks:

Credit and Market Risks of Mortgage-Backed Securities. Many issuers or servicers of mortgage-backed securities guarantee timely payment of interest and principal on the securities, whether or not payments are made when due on the underlying mortgages. This kind of guarantee generally increases the quality of a security, but does not mean that the security’s market value and yield will not change. The values of mortgage-backed securities may change because of changes in the market’s perception of the credit quality of the assets held by the issuer of the mortgage-backed securities or an entity, if any, providing credit support in respect of the mortgage-backed securities. In addition, an unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool may limit substantially the pool’s ability to make payments of principal or interest to the Fund as a holder of such securities, reducing the values of those securities or in some cases rendering them worthless. The Fund also may purchase securities that are not guaranteed or subject to any credit support. An investment in a privately issued mortgage-backed security may be less liquid and subject to greater credit risks than an investment in a mortgage-backed security that is issued or otherwise guaranteed by a federal government agency.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (CMBS). CMBS include securities that reflect an interest in, or are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

Prepayment, Extension and Redemption Risks of Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities may reflect an interest in monthly payments made by the borrowers who receive the underlying mortgage loans. Although the underlying mortgage loans are for specified periods of time, such as 20 or 30 years, the borrowers can, and historically have paid them off sooner, prepayment risk (described below). Mortgage-backed securities also are subject to extension risk (described above). In addition, a mortgage-backed security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer. If a mortgage-backed security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem or pay-off the security, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

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Liquidity Risk of Mortgage-Backed Securities. Investments in privately issued mortgage-backed securities may have less liquidity than mortgage-backed securities that are issued by a federal government agency. Because mortgage-backed securities have the potential to be less liquid than other securities, the Fund may be more susceptible to liquidity risks than funds that invest in other securities. In the past, in stressed markets, certain types of mortgage-backed securities suffered periods of illiquidity when disfavored by the market. It is possible that the Fund may be unable to sell a mortgage-backed security at a desirable time or at the value the Fund has placed on the investment.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs). There are certain risks associated specifically with CMOs. CMOs are debt obligations collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities. The expected average life of CMOs is determined using mathematical models that incorporate prepayment assumptions and other factors that involve estimates of future economic and market conditions.

Adjustable Rate Mortgages. Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARMs) contain maximum and minimum rates beyond which the mortgage interest rate may not vary over the lifetime of the security. In addition, many ARMs provide for additional limitations on the maximum amount by which the mortgage interest rate may adjust for any single adjustment period.

Interest and Principal Only Securities Risk. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are usually structured with two classes that receive different portions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of debt instruments, such as mortgage loans. In one type of stripped mortgage-backed security, one class will receive all of the interest from the mortgage assets (the interest-only, or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal from the mortgage assets (the principal-only, or “PO” class).

Inverse Floaters and Related Securities Risk. Investments in inverse floaters and similar instruments expose the Fund to the same risks as investments in debt securities and derivatives, as well as other risks, including those associated with leverage and increased volatility. An investment in these securities typically will involve greater risk than an investment in a fixed rate security.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

[Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent buying and selling of investments may involve higher trading costs and other expenses and may affect the Fund’s performance over time.]

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments tends to increase (as does price fluctuation) as borrowers are motivated to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. During such periods, reinvestment of the prepayment proceeds by the management team will generally be at lower rates of return than the return on the assets that were prepaid. Prepayment reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of the security.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries on a fully collateralized basis in order to earn additional income. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

U.S. Government Securities Risk. Obligations of U.S. Government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, not all U.S. Government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Obligations of certain agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises of the U.S. Government are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., the Government National Mortgage Association); other obligations are backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury (e.g., the Federal Home Loan Banks) and others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase an agency’s obligations. Still others are backed only by the credit of the agency, authority, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise issuing the obligation. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to any of these entities if it is not obligated to do so by law.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

Investment objective

Current income.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its total assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in a diversified portfolio of fixed income securities. The Fund will normally be constructed with an average duration of three years or less. The Fund defines duration as the approximate measure of the sensitivity of the market value of the Fund’s holdings to changes in interest rates. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund primarily invests in bonds, debt, fixed income and income-producing instruments issued by governmental or private-sector entities, including mortgage-backed securities, junk bonds, corporate debt, asset-backed securities, foreign securities (including emerging markets), inflation-indexed bonds, bank loans and assignments, collateralized loan obligations and preferred securities. The Fund may invest in companies with limited operating histories and in companies conducting an initial public offering (IPO). An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors; including:

 

    security selection within a given sector;

 

    relative performance of the various market sectors;

 

    the shape of the yield curve; or

 

    fluctuations in the overall level of interest rates.

The Fund may invest some of its assets in securities that have not been called or tendered having a maturity date in excess of three years. The Fund may also invest some or all of its net assets in fixed income and other income-producing instruments rated below investment grade and those that are unrated but determined by the Fund’s Sub-advisers to be of comparable credit quality. The Sub-advisers do not consider the term “junk bonds” to include any mortgage-backed securities or any other asset-backed securities, regardless of their credit rating or credit quality.

The Fund may invest without limit in mortgage-backed securities of any maturity or type, including those guaranteed by, or secured by collateral that is guaranteed by, the United States Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored corporations, as well as those of private issuers not subject to any guarantee. Mortgage-backed securities include, among others, government mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, multiclass pass-through securities, private mortgage pass-through securities, stripped mortgage securities (e.g., interest-only and principal-only securities) and inverse floaters.

The Fund may also invest in other investment companies or private investment vehicles managed by a Sub-adviser.

The Fund may enter into derivatives transactions and other instruments of any kind for hedging purposes or otherwise to gain or reduce, long or short exposure to one or more asset classes or issuers.

The Fund may lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

The Fund may also allocate assets to unaffiliated funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the “1940 Act”), including open-end funds, closed-end funds, and ETFs. The Fund may specifically use ETFs to gain passive investment exposure, transitioning the Fund’s portfolio or awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes:

 

    a corporate action or announcement may affect the issuer;

 

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    the security may be purchased at a discount and/or sold prior to maturity and it would be advantageous to do so;

 

    there is a better investment opportunity;

 

    the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive investment opportunities;

 

    there is a deterioration in the credit fundamentals of the issuer; or

 

    the individual security has reached the sell target.

The Fund may also sell securities when the Adviser reallocates assets among Sub-advisers or between passive and active management strategies.

[Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.]

Principal risks

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-Advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

[Affiliated Fund Risk. The risk that, due to its own financial interest or other business considerations, a Sub-adviser may have an incentive to invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in investment companies sponsored or managed by the Sub-adviser or its related parties in lieu of investments by the Fund directly in portfolio securities, or may have an incentive to invest in such investment companies over investment.]

Asset—Backed Securities Risk. Asset-backed investments tend to increase in value less than other debt securities when interest rates decline, but are subject to similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. In a period of declining interest rates, the Fund may be required to reinvest more frequent prepayments on asset-backed investments in lower-yielding investments. There is a risk that borrowers may default on their obligations in respect of certain underlying obligations of asset-backed securities. Certain assets underlying asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment, which may reduce the overall return to asset-backed security holders. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize the assets may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses associated with a decline in the value of underlying assets. Certain asset-backed securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the related collateral as do mortgage-backed securities; nor are they provided government guarantees of repayment as are some mortgage-backed securities. Credit card receivables generally are unsecured, and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. In addition, some issuers of automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related automobile receivables.

Bank Loans Risk. Commercial banks and other financial institutions or institutional investors make corporate loans to companies that need capital to grow or restructure. Borrowers generally pay interest on corporate loans at rates that change in response to changes in market interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the prime rates of U.S. banks. As a result, the value of corporate loan investments is generally less exposed to the adverse effects of shifts in market interest rates than investments that pay a fixed rate of interest. The market for corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads. In addition, transactions in corporate loans may settle on a delayed basis. As a result, the proceeds from the sale of corporate loans may not be readily available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, the Fund may hold additional cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks and other lenders. The corporate loans in which the Fund invests are usually rated below investment grade.

Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs) Risk. CLO securities are non-recourse obligations of their issuer payable solely from the related underlying collateral or its proceeds. Therefore, as a holder of CLOs, the Fund must rely only on distributions on the underlying collateral or related proceeds for payment. If distributions on the underlying collateral are insufficient to make payments on the CLO securities, no other assets will be available for payment of the deficiency. As a result, the amount and timing of interest and principal payments in respect of CLO securities will depend on the performance and characteristics of the related underlying collateral.

 

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Recent legislation, such as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, together with uncertainty about the nature and timing of regulations that will be promulgated to implement such legislation, may continue to create uncertainty in the credit and other financial markets. Given that all applicable final implementing rules and regulations have not yet been published or are not yet in effect, the potential impact of these actions on CLOs that may be owned by the Fund is unknown. If existing transactions are not exempted from the new rules or regulations, compliance with those rules and regulations could impose significant costs on the issuers of CLOs and ultimately adversely impact the holders (including the Fund) of those types of securities.

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s) and permitted under applicable law.

Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, swaps and options, may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments, traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying asset(s) (such as a security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference).

Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques, risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. The Fund’s derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in substantial, potentially unlimited, losses to the Fund regardless of the Fund’s actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of an adverse credit event associated with the underlying reference (credit risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value, price or rate of the underlying reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying interest rates (interest rate risk).

Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks, including the risk of loss due to a derivative position that is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate (correlation risk), the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform as agreed (counterparty risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk), the risk that losses may be greater than the amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), the risk that the investment may be difficult to value (pricing risk), and the risk that the price or value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time (volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

Forwards. A forward contract is an over-the-counter derivative transaction between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of an underlying reference at a specified price (or rate) on a specified date in the future. Forward contracts are negotiated on an individual basis and are not standardized or traded on exchanges. The market for forward contracts is substantially unregulated (there is no limit on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable). The principals who deal in certain forward contract markets are not required to continue to make markets in the underlying references in which they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which

 

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certain participants in forward contract markets have refused to quote prices for certain underlying references or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. At or prior to maturity of a forward contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in forward contract prices. The liquidity of the markets for forward contracts depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the market for forwards could be reduced. A relatively small price movement in a forward contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. Forward contracts can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

A forward foreign currency contract is a derivative (forward contract) in which the underlying reference is a country’s or region’s currency. The Fund may agree to buy or sell a country’s or region’s currency at a specific price on a specific date in the future. These instruments may fall in value (sometimes dramatically) due to foreign market downswings or foreign currency value fluctuations, subjecting the Fund to foreign currency risk (the risk that Fund performance may be negatively impacted by foreign currency strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly if the Fund exposes a significant percentage of its assets to currencies other than the U.S. dollar). The effectiveness of any currency strategy by the Fund may be reduced by the Fund’s inability to precisely match forward contract amounts and the value of securities involved. Forward foreign currency contracts used for hedging may also limit any potential gain that might result from an increase or decrease in the value of the currency. Unanticipated changes in the currency markets could result in reduced performance for the Fund. When the Fund converts its foreign currencies into U.S. dollars, it may incur currency conversion costs due to the spread between the prices at which it may buy and sell various currencies in the market.

Futures. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a reference instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the underlying reference instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as currency futures and currency forward contracts.

Options. An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option grants the purchaser, in exchange for a premium payment, a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The seller of an uncovered call (buy) option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium invested in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put (sell) option that is covered (e.g., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing his entire premium invested in the put option. An option’s time value (i.e., the component of the option’s value that exceeds the in-the-money amount) tends to diminish over time. Even though an option may be in-the-money to the buyer at various times prior to its expiration date, the buyer’s ability to realize the value of an option depends on when and how the option may be exercised. For example, the terms of a transaction may provide for the option to be exercised automatically if it is in-the-money on the expiration date. Conversely, the terms may require timely delivery of a notice of exercise, and exercise may be subject to other conditions (such as the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events, such as knock-in, knock-out or other barrier events) and timing requirements, including the “style” of the option.

Swap Agreements — Swaps are agreements whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated by reference to an underlying asset, such as a rate, index, instrument or securities. Swaps typically involve credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, funding risk, operational risk, legal and documentation risk, regulatory risk and/or tax risk. Interest rate swaps involve one party, in return for a premium, agreeing to make payments to another party to the extent that interest rates exceed or fall below a specified rate (a “cap” or “floor,” respectively). Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the other party to the agreement.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning interests of an ETF generally reflect the same risks as owning the underlying securities or other instruments that the ETF is designed to track. The shares of certain ETFs may trade at a premium or

 

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discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the net asset value (NAV) of an ETF’s shares). For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the ETF’s investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid markets. By investing in an ETF, the Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETF in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s operations.

ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Most ETFs are passively-managed, meaning they invest in a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. Such ETF expenses may make owning shares of the ETF more costly than owning the underlying securities directly. The risks of owning shares of a passively-managed ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.

Fixed Income Market Risk. The prices of the Fund’s fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments and their agencies. Generally, the Fund’s fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa. Fixed income securities may have fixed-, variable- or floating-rates. There is a risk that the current interest rate on floating and variable rate instruments may not accurately reflect existing market interest rates. Also, longer-term securities are generally more sensitive to changes in the level of interest rates, so the average maturity or duration of these securities affects risk. Changes in government policy, including the Federal Reserve’s decisions with respect to raising interest rates or terminating certain programs such as quantitative easing, could increase the risk that interest rates will rise. Rising interest rates may, in turn, increase volatility and reduce liquidity in the fixed income markets, and result in a decline in the value of the fixed income investments held by the Fund. These risks may be heightened in a low interest rate environment. In addition, reductions in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could further decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. In the case of foreign securities, price fluctuations will reflect international economic and political events, as well as changes in currency valuations relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result of these conditions, the Fund’s value may fluctuate and/or the Fund may experience increased redemptions from shareholders, which may impact the Fund’s liquidity or force the Fund to sell securities into a declining or illiquid market.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism; occurring in the country or region, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies, and are subject to the risks associated with potential imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or other taxes on the Fund’s income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly to the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Depositary receipts risk. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company reflecting ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Some foreign securities are traded in the form of ADRs, Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). Depositary receipts involve risks similar to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, including those associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, which may be related to the particular political, regulatory, economic, social and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism, occurring in the country and fluctuations in its currency, as well as market risk tied to the underlying foreign company. In addition, ADR holders may have limited voting rights, may not have the same rights afforded typical company stockholders in the event of a corporate action such as an acquisition, merger or rights offering and may experience difficulty in receiving company stockholder communications.

Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than that of issuers in other countries.

High Yield (Junk Bonds) Risk. Debt instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated and determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality are predominantly speculative. They are usually issued by companies without long track records of sales and earnings or by companies with questionable credit strength. These instruments, commonly known as ‘junk bonds,’

 

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have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, general economic downturn, and less secondary market liquidity. This potential lack of liquidity may make it more difficult for the Fund to value these instruments accurately. An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of issuers (particularly those that are highly leveraged) to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that the values of debt instruments held by the Fund will change in response to changes in interest rates. In general, the value of a fixed-income instrument with positive duration will generally decline if interest rates increase, whereas the value of an instrument with negative duration will generally decline if interest rates decrease. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to increases in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a bond that is used to determine the sensitivity of an instrument’s price to changes in interest rates. For example, the price of a bond fund with an average duration of three years generally would be expected to fall approximately 3% if interest rates rose by one percentage point. Inverse floaters, interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments. Adjustable rate instruments also react to interest rate changes in a similar manner although generally to a lesser degree (depending, however, on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index chosen, frequency of reset and reset caps or floors, among other things). During periods of increasing interest rates, changes in the interest rate payments of adjustable rate instruments may lag the changes in market interest rates or may have limits on the maximum increase in interest rates. Conversely, there may not be any limitations or caps on the adjustment down of interest rate payments during periods of declining market interest rates.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-advisers’ approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style. For example, growth stocks tend to be more volatile than certain other types of stocks, and their prices may fluctuate more dramatically than the overall stock market. A stock with growth characteristics can have sharp price declines due to decreases in current or expected earnings and may lack dividends that can help cushion its share price in a declining market.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them. There may be no willing buyer of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities. An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods.

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities include, among other things, participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans purchased from individual lenders by a federal agency or originated and issued by private lenders and involve, among others, the following risks:

Credit and Market Risks of Mortgage-Backed Securities. Many issuers or servicers of mortgage-backed securities guarantee timely payment of interest and principal on the securities, whether or not payments are made when due on the underlying mortgages. This kind of guarantee generally increases the quality of a security, but does not mean that the security’s market value and yield will not change. The values of mortgage-backed securities may change because of changes in the market’s perception of the credit quality of the assets held by the issuer of the mortgage-backed securities or an entity, if any, providing credit support in respect of the mortgage-backed securities. In addition, an unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool may limit substantially the pool’s ability to make payments of principal or interest to the Fund as a holder of such securities, reducing the values of those securities or in some cases rendering them worthless. The Fund also may purchase securities that are not guaranteed or subject to any credit support. An investment in a privately issued mortgage-backed security may be less liquid and subject to greater credit risks than an investment in a mortgage-backed security that is issued or otherwise guaranteed by a federal government agency.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (CMBS). CMBS include securities that reflect an interest in, or are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

 

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Prepayment, Extension and Redemption Risks of Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities may reflect an interest in monthly payments made by the borrowers who receive the underlying mortgage loans. Although the underlying mortgage loans are for specified periods of time, such as 20 or 30 years, the borrowers can, and historically have paid them off sooner, prepayment risk (described below). Mortgage-backed securities also are subject to extension risk (described above). In addition, a mortgage-backed security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer. If a mortgage-backed security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem or pay-off the security, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

Liquidity Risk of Mortgage-Backed Securities. Investments in privately issued mortgage-backed securities may have less liquidity than mortgage-backed securities that are issued by a federal government agency. Because mortgage-backed securities have the potential to be less liquid than other securities, the Fund may be more susceptible to liquidity risks than funds that invest in other securities. In the past, in stressed markets, certain types of mortgage-backed securities suffered periods of illiquidity when disfavored by the market. It is possible that the Fund may be unable to sell a mortgage-backed security at a desirable time or at the value the Fund has placed on the investment.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs). There are certain risks associated specifically with CMOs. CMOs are debt obligations collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities. The expected average life of CMOs is determined using mathematical models that incorporate prepayment assumptions and other factors that involve estimates of future economic and market conditions.

Adjustable Rate Mortgages. Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARMs) contain maximum and minimum rates beyond which the mortgage interest rate may not vary over the lifetime of the security. In addition, many ARMs provide for additional limitations on the maximum amount by which the mortgage interest rate may adjust for any single adjustment period.

Interest and Principal Only Securities Risk. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are usually structured with two classes that receive different portions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of debt instruments, such as mortgage loans. In one type of stripped mortgage-backed security, one class will receive all of the interest from the mortgage assets (the interest-only, or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal from the mortgage assets (the principal-only, or “PO” class).

Inverse Floaters and Related Securities Risk. Investments in inverse floaters and similar instruments expose the Fund to the same risks as investments in debt securities and derivatives, as well as other risks, including those associated with leverage and increased volatility. An investment in these securities typically will involve greater risk than an investment in a fixed rate security.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

[Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent buying and selling of investments may involve higher trading costs and other expenses and may affect the Fund’s performance over time.]

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments tends to increase (as does price fluctuation) as borrowers are motivated to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. During such periods, reinvestment of the prepayment proceeds by the management team will generally be at lower rates of return than the return on the assets that were prepaid. Prepayment reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of the security.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries on a fully collateralized basis in order to earn additional income. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

U.S. Government Securities Risk. Obligations of U.S. Government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, not all U.S. Government securities are backed by

 

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the full faith and credit of the United States. Obligations of certain agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises of the U.S. Government are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., the Government National Mortgage Association); other obligations are backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury (e.g., the Federal Home Loan Banks) and others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase an agency’s obligations. Still others are backed only by the credit of the agency, authority, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise issuing the obligation. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to any of these entities if it is not obligated to do so by law.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund

Investment objective

Maximize total return.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in fixed income securities. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Fund invests primarily in investment grade and non-investment grade debt, preferred stock, convertible bonds, bank loans, high yield bonds and income producing equities. The Fund will invest in securities of various credit qualities (i.e., investment grade and non-investment grade, which are commonly referred to as “high yield” securities or “junk” bonds”) and maturities (i.e., long-term, intermediate and short-term). The Fund will invest in debt obligations issued by sovereign, quasi-sovereign and private (non-government) emerging market issuers as well as U.S. dollar-denominated securities issued by non-U.S. companies. The Fund may invest in companies with limited operating histories and in companies conducting an initial public offering (IPO).

It is expected that, under normal market conditions, at least 40% of the Fund’s assets will be invested in the securities of companies that are tied economically to at least three countries outside the U.S. The Fund typically will treat a company domiciled, incorporated, organized, headquartered or located and/or principally traded in the U.S. as tied economically to a country or countries outside the U.S., if the company (i) derives at least 50% of its revenues or profits from goods produced or sold, investment made, or services performed in the country or countries outside the U.S., or (ii) has at least 50% of its assets in that country or countries.

The Fund may invest in fixed income and debt obligations of any kind. Fixed income obligations include bonds, debt securities and fixed income and income-producing instruments of any kind issued or guaranteed by governmental or private-sector entities and other securities or instruments bearing fixed, floating, or variable interest rates of any maturity. The Fund may, from time to time, invest significantly in a specific credit quality, such as high-yield, or maturity, such as short-term.

Preferred securities generally pay fixed or adjustable rate distributions to investors and have preference over common stock in the payment of distributions and the liquidation of a company’s assets, but are junior to most other forms of the company’s debt, including both senior and subordinated debt.

Sovereign and quasi-sovereign emerging market issuers include governments of emerging market countries, and governmental entities or agencies, and issuers that are owned, in whole or in part, or whose obligations are guaranteed, in whole or in part, by a government or governmental entity or agency of an emerging market country. Private emerging market issuers include private (non-governmental) issuers domiciled or located in emerging market countries, issuers with their principal place of business or corporate headquarters located in an emerging market country, or issuers the Adviser has determined are emerging market issuers based on a consideration of a number of qualitative factors, including the relative importance of emerging markets to the issuer’s business, including the issuer’s profits, revenues, assets and/or future potential growth.

Emerging market countries are those countries that are: (i) characterized as developing or emerging by any of the World Bank, the United Nations, the International Finance Corporation, or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; (ii) included in an emerging markets index by a recognized index provider; or (iii) countries with similar developing or emerging characteristics, in each case determined by the applicable Sub-adviser at the time of purchase.

A Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors; including:

 

    bottom-up analysis of the enterprise value of the issuing company;

 

    economic factors such as the effect of interest rates;

 

    the security’s maturity and how it will affect the target effective duration for the Sub-adviser’s portfolio; or

 

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    the Sub-adviser’s analysis of internal political, market and economic factors, including public finances, monetary policy, external accounts, financial markets, foreign investment regulations, stability of exchange rate policy and labor conditions.

The Fund may also invest in hybrid securities relating to emerging market countries. A third party or a Sub-adviser may create a hybrid security by combining an income-producing debt security and the right to receive payment based on the change in the price of an equity security.

The Fund may enter into derivatives transactions and other instruments of any kind for hedging purposes or otherwise to gain, or reduce, long or short exposure to one or more asset classes or issuers. The Fund also may use derivatives transactions with the purpose or effect of creating investment leverage. The Fund may use futures contracts and other derivatives to gain long or short exposure to one or more physical commodities or indexes of commodities. The Sub-advisers may seek to manage the dollar-weighted average effective duration of the Fund’s portfolio through the use of derivatives and other instruments (including, among others, Treasury futures, inverse floaters, futures contracts, interest rate swaps, total return swaps and options, including swaptions).

The Fund may enter into currency-related transactions, including spot transactions, forward exchange contracts and futures contracts. The Fund may, but will not necessarily, enter into foreign currency exchange transactions to take a “long” or “short” position in a currency or to hedge against currency exposure in its portfolio.

Sub-advisers will have the capability to short securities, including ETFs, to hedge their portfolios if they believe it is consistent with achieving their portfolio’s objective.

If a Sub-adviser is unable to find suitable investments for the entire portion of its portfolio, any uninvested assets may be held in cash or similar investments.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes:

 

    a corporate action or announcement will affect the issuer;

 

    the Sub-adviser believes it is advantageous to do so;

 

    when the portfolio managers determine to take advantage of what they consider to be a better investment opportunity;

 

    when the portfolio managers believe the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive investment opportunities;

 

    when the portfolio managers perceive deterioration in the credit fundamentals of the issuer; or

 

    when the individual security has reached the portfolio managers’ sell target.

To a lesser extent, the Fund may invest in corporate debt securities, U.S. government and agency debt and taxable municipal securities.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

Principal risks

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Bank Loans Risk. Commercial banks and other financial institutions or institutional investors make corporate loans to companies that need capital to grow or restructure. Borrowers generally pay interest on corporate loans at rates that change in response to changes in market interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the prime rates of U.S. banks. As a result, the value of corporate loan investments is generally less exposed to the adverse effects of shifts in market interest rates than investments that pay a fixed rate of interest. The market for corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads. In addition, transactions in corporate loans may settle on a delayed basis. As a result, the proceeds from the sale of corporate loans may not be readily available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, the Fund may hold additional cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks and other lenders. The corporate loans in which the Fund invests are usually rated below investment grade.

 

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Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s) and permitted under applicable law.

Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, swaps and options, may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments, traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying asset(s) (such as a security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference).

Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques, risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. The Fund’s derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in substantial, potentially unlimited, losses to the Fund regardless of the Fund’s actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of an adverse credit event associated with the underlying reference (credit risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value, price or rate of the underlying reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying interest rates (interest rate risk).

Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks, including the risk of loss due to a derivative position that is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate (correlation risk), the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform as agreed (counterparty risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk), the risk that losses may be greater than the amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), the risk that the investment may be difficult to value (pricing risk), and the risk that the price or value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time (volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

Forwards. A forward contract is an over-the-counter derivative transaction between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of an underlying reference at a specified price (or rate) on a specified date in the future. Forward contracts are negotiated on an individual basis and are not standardized or traded on exchanges. The market for forward contracts is substantially unregulated (there is no limit on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable). The principals who deal in certain forward contract markets are not required to continue to make markets in the underlying references in which they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in forward contract markets have refused to quote prices for certain underlying references or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. At or prior to maturity of a forward contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in forward contract prices. The liquidity of the markets for forward contracts depends

 

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on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the market for forwards could be reduced. A relatively small price movement in a forward contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. Forward contracts can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

A forward foreign currency contract is a derivative (forward contract) in which the underlying reference is a country’s or region’s currency. The Fund may agree to buy or sell a country’s or region’s currency at a specific price on a specific date in the future. These instruments may fall in value (sometimes dramatically) due to foreign market downswings or foreign currency value fluctuations, subjecting the Fund to foreign currency risk (the risk that Fund performance may be negatively impacted by foreign currency strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly if the Fund exposes a significant percentage of its assets to currencies other than the U.S. dollar). The effectiveness of any currency strategy by the Fund may be reduced by the Fund’s inability to precisely match forward contract amounts and the value of securities involved. Forward foreign currency contracts used for hedging may also limit any potential gain that might result from an increase or decrease in the value of the currency. Unanticipated changes in the currency markets could result in reduced performance for the Fund. When the Fund converts its foreign currencies into U.S. dollars, it may incur currency conversion costs due to the spread between the prices at which it may buy and sell various currencies in the market.

Futures. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a reference instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the underlying reference instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as currency futures and currency forward contracts.

Options. An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option grants the purchaser, in exchange for a premium payment, a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The seller of an uncovered call (buy) option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium invested in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put (sell) option that is covered (e.g., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing his entire premium invested in the put option. An option’s time value (i.e., the component of the option’s value that exceeds the in-the-money amount) tends to diminish over time. Even though an option may be in-the-money to the buyer at various times prior to its expiration date, the buyer’s ability to realize the value of an option depends on when and how the option may be exercised. For example, the terms of a transaction may provide for the option to be exercised automatically if it is in-the-money on the expiration date. Conversely, the terms may require timely delivery of a notice of exercise, and exercise may be subject to other conditions (such as the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events, such as knock-in, knock-out or other barrier events) and timing requirements, including the “style” of the option.

Swap Agreements — Swaps are agreements whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated by reference to an underlying asset, such as a rate, index, instrument or securities. Swaps typically involve credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, funding risk, operational risk, legal and documentation risk, regulatory risk and/or tax risk. Interest rate swaps involve one party, in return for a premium, agreeing to make payments to another party to the extent that interest rates exceed or fall below a specified rate (a “cap” or “floor,” respectively). Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the other party to the agreement.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning interests of an ETF generally reflect the same risks as owning the underlying securities or other instruments that the ETF is designed to track. The shares of certain ETFs may trade at a premium or discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the net asset value (NAV) of an ETF’s shares). For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the ETF’s investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid markets. By investing in an ETF, the Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETF in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s operations.

 

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ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Most ETFs are passively-managed, meaning they invest in a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. Such ETF expenses may make owning shares of the ETF more costly than owning the underlying securities directly. The risks of owning shares of a passively-managed ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.

Fixed Income Market Risk. The prices of the Fund’s fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments and their agencies. Generally, the Fund’s fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa. Fixed income securities may have fixed-, variable- or floating-rates. There is a risk that the current interest rate on floating and variable rate instruments may not accurately reflect existing market interest rates. Also, longer-term securities are generally more sensitive to changes in the level of interest rates, so the average maturity or duration of these securities affects risk. Changes in government policy, including the Federal Reserve’s decisions with respect to raising interest rates or terminating certain programs such as quantitative easing, could increase the risk that interest rates will rise. Rising interest rates may, in turn, increase volatility and reduce liquidity in the fixed income markets, and result in a decline in the value of the fixed income investments held by the Fund. These risks may be heightened in a low interest rate environment. In addition, reductions in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could further decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. In the case of foreign securities, price fluctuations will reflect international economic and political events, as well as changes in currency valuations relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result of these conditions, the Fund’s value may fluctuate and/or the Fund may experience increased redemptions from shareholders, which may impact the Fund’s liquidity or force the Fund to sell securities into a declining or illiquid market.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism; occurring in the country or region, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies, and are subject to the risks associated with potential imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or other taxes on the Fund’s income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly to the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Depositary receipts risk. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company reflecting ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Some foreign securities are traded in the form of ADRs, Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). Depositary receipts involve risks similar to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, including those associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, which may be related to the particular political, regulatory, economic, social and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism, occurring in the country and fluctuations in its currency, as well as market risk tied to the underlying foreign company. In addition, ADR holders may have limited voting rights, may not have the same rights afforded typical company stockholders in the event of a corporate action such as an acquisition, merger or rights offering and may experience difficulty in receiving company stockholder communications.

Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than that of issuers in other countries.

High Yield (Junk Bonds) Risk. Debt instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated and determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality are predominantly speculative. They are usually issued by companies without long track records of sales and earnings or by companies with questionable credit strength. These instruments, commonly known as ‘junk bonds,’ have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, general economic downturn, and less secondary market liquidity. This potential lack of liquidity may make it more difficult for the Fund to value these instruments accurately. An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of issuers (particularly those that are highly leveraged) to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity.

 

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Interest Rate Risk. The risk that the values of debt instruments held by the Fund will change in response to changes in interest rates. In general, the value of a fixed-income instrument with positive duration will generally decline if interest rates increase, whereas the value of an instrument with negative duration will generally decline if interest rates decrease. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to increases in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a bond that is used to determine the sensitivity of an instrument’s price to changes in interest rates. For example, the price of a bond fund with an average duration of three years generally would be expected to fall approximately 3% if interest rates rose by one percentage point. Inverse floaters, interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments. Adjustable rate instruments also react to interest rate changes in a similar manner although generally to a lesser degree (depending, however, on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index chosen, frequency of reset and reset caps or floors, among other things). During periods of increasing interest rates, changes in the interest rate payments of adjustable rate instruments may lag the changes in market interest rates or may have limits on the maximum increase in interest rates. Conversely, there may not be any limitations or caps on the adjustment down of interest rate payments during periods of declining market interest rates.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-advisers’ approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style. For example, growth stocks tend to be more volatile than certain other types of stocks, and their prices may fluctuate more dramatically than the overall stock market. A stock with growth characteristics can have sharp price declines due to decreases in current or expected earnings and may lack dividends that can help cushion its share price in a declining market.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them. There may be no willing buyer of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities. An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Preferred Securities Risk. The risk that: (i) certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions; (ii) preferred stocks may be subject to redemption, including at the issuer’s call, and, in the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return; (iii) preferred stocks are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments; and (iv) preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments tends to increase (as does price fluctuation) as borrowers are motivated to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. During such periods, reinvestment of the prepayment proceeds by the management team will generally be at lower rates of return than the return on the assets that were prepaid. Prepayment reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of the security.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries on a fully collateralized basis in order to earn additional income. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Investment objective

Current income that is exempt from federal income taxation.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in fixed income securities that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax. The Fund’s 80% policy is not fundamental and can be changed upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser may also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which typically use a passive management (i.e., index-tracking) strategy. ETFs may also be used to transition the Fund’s portfolio or to equitize cash while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between ETFs and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors. Currently, the Fund’s assets are managed by a single Sub-adviser, subject to the oversight of the Adviser.

In seeking high current income exempt from regular federal income tax, the Fund will invest in municipal instruments, which are fixed-income obligations issued by a state, territory or possession of the United States (including the District of Columbia) or a political subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof. Interest income received by holders of municipal instruments is often exempt from the federal income tax and from the income tax of the state in which they are issued (although there may not be a similar exemption under the laws of a particular state or local taxing jurisdiction), although municipal instruments issued for certain purposes may not be tax-exempt.

The Fund may invest in general obligation bonds secured by the issuer’s full faith, credit and taxing power, revenue obligation bonds payable from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities, industrial development bonds, moral obligation bonds, tax-exempt derivative instruments, stand-by commitments, municipal instruments backed by letters of credit, insurance or other forms of credit enhancement issued by domestic or foreign banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions. The Fund may invest in companies with limited operating histories and in companies conducting an initial public offering (IPO).

The Fund primarily invests in investment grade debt obligations, but may invest to a limited extent in obligations that are rated below-investment grade (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”).

For shareholders subject to the alternative minimum tax (“AMT”), a limited portion of the Fund’s dividends may be subject to federal tax.

In buying and selling securities for the Fund, the Sub-adviser uses a relative value approach. This approach involves an analysis of general economic and market conditions. It also involves the use of models that analyze and compare expected returns and assumed risks. Under the relative value approach, the Sub-adviser will emphasize particular securities and types of securities (such as general obligation bonds, corporate-backed municipal bonds and revenue obligation bonds) that it believes will provide a favorable return in light of these risks.

The Fund’s dollar-weighted average maturity, under normal circumstances, will range between three and ten years.

In seeking to achieve its investment objective, the Fund may make significant investments in structured securities and also may invest, to a lesser extent, in futures contracts, options and swaps, all of which are considered to be derivative instruments, for both hedging and non-hedging purposes.

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

The Fund’s investment adviser may engage in active trading, and will not consider portfolio turnover a limiting factor in making decisions for the Fund.

 

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Principal risks

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, swaps and options, may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments, traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying asset(s) (such as a security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference).

Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques, risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. The Fund’s derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in substantial, potentially unlimited, losses to the Fund regardless of the Fund’s actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of an adverse credit event associated with the underlying reference (credit risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value, price or rate of the underlying reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying interest rates (interest rate risk).

Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks, including the risk of loss due to a derivative position that is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate (correlation risk), the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform as agreed (counterparty risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk), the risk that losses may be greater than the amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), the risk that the investment may be difficult to value (pricing risk), and the risk that the price or value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time (volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

Forwards. A forward contract is an over-the-counter derivative transaction between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of an underlying reference at a specified price (or rate) on a specified date in the future. Forward contracts are negotiated on an individual basis and are not standardized or traded on exchanges. The market for forward contracts is substantially unregulated (there is no limit on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable). The principals who deal in certain forward contract markets are not required to continue to make markets in the underlying references in which they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in forward contract markets have refused to quote prices for certain underlying references or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. At or prior to maturity of a forward contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in forward contract prices. The liquidity of the markets for forward contracts depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the market for forwards could be reduced. A relatively small price movement in a forward contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. Forward contracts can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

Futures. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a reference instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell an underlying

 

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reference instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the underlying reference instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as currency futures and currency forward contracts.

Options. An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option grants the purchaser, in exchange for a premium payment, a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The seller of an uncovered call (buy) option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium invested in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put (sell) option that is covered (e.g., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing his entire premium invested in the put option. An option’s time value (i.e., the component of the option’s value that exceeds the in-the-money amount) tends to diminish over time. Even though an option may be in-the-money to the buyer at various times prior to its expiration date, the buyer’s ability to realize the value of an option depends on when and how the option may be exercised. For example, the terms of a transaction may provide for the option to be exercised automatically if it is in-the-money on the expiration date. Conversely, the terms may require timely delivery of a notice of exercise, and exercise may be subject to other conditions (such as the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events, such as knock-in, knock-out or other barrier events) and timing requirements, including the “style” of the option.

Swap Agreements. Swaps are agreements whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated by reference to an underlying asset, such as a rate, index, instrument or securities. Swaps typically involve credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, funding risk, operational risk, legal and documentation risk, regulatory risk and/or tax risk. Interest rate swaps involve one party, in return for a premium, agreeing to make payments to another party to the extent that interest rates exceed or fall below a specified rate (a “cap” or “floor,” respectively). Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the other party to the agreement.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. The risks of owning interests of an ETF generally reflect the same risks as owning the underlying securities or other instruments that the ETF is designed to track. The shares of certain ETFs may trade at a premium or discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the net asset value (NAV) of an ETF’s shares). For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the ETF’s investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid markets. By investing in an ETF, the Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETF in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s operations.

ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Most ETFs are passively-managed, meaning they invest in a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. Such ETF expenses may make owning shares of the ETF more costly than owning the underlying securities directly. The risks of owning shares of a passively-managed ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.

Fixed Income Market Risk. The prices of the Fund’s fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments and their agencies. Generally, the Fund’s fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa. Fixed income securities may have fixed-, variable- or floating-rates. There is a risk that the current interest rate on floating and variable rate instruments may not accurately reflect existing market interest rates. Also, longer-term securities are generally more sensitive to changes in the level of interest rates, so the average maturity or duration of these securities affects risk. Changes in government policy, including the Federal Reserve’s decisions with respect to raising interest rates or terminating certain programs such as quantitative easing, could increase the

 

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risk that interest rates will rise. Rising interest rates may, in turn, increase volatility and reduce liquidity in the fixed income markets, and result in a decline in the value of the fixed income investments held by the Fund. These risks may be heightened in a low interest rate environment. In addition, reductions in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could further decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. In the case of foreign securities, price fluctuations will reflect international economic and political events, as well as changes in currency valuations relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result of these conditions, the Fund’s value may fluctuate and/or the Fund may experience increased redemptions from shareholders, which may impact the Fund’s liquidity or force the Fund to sell securities into a declining or illiquid market.

High Yield (Junk Bonds) Risk. Debt instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated and determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality are predominantly speculative. They are usually issued by companies without long track records of sales and earnings or by companies with questionable credit strength. These instruments, commonly known as ‘junk bonds,’ have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, general economic downturn, and less secondary market liquidity. This potential lack of liquidity may make it more difficult for the Fund to value these instruments accurately. An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of issuers (particularly those that are highly leveraged) to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that the values of debt instruments held by the Fund will change in response to changes in interest rates. In general, the value of a fixed-income instrument with positive duration will generally decline if interest rates increase, whereas the value of an instrument with negative duration will generally decline if interest rates decrease. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to increases in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a bond that is used to determine the sensitivity of an instrument’s price to changes in interest rates. For example, the price of a bond fund with an average duration of three years generally would be expected to fall approximately 3% if interest rates rose by one percentage point. Inverse floaters, interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments. Adjustable rate instruments also react to interest rate changes in a similar manner although generally to a lesser degree (depending, however, on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index chosen, frequency of reset and reset caps or floors, among other things). During periods of increasing interest rates, changes in the interest rate payments of adjustable rate instruments may lag the changes in market interest rates or may have limits on the maximum increase in interest rates. Conversely, there may not be any limitations or caps on the adjustment down of interest rate payments during periods of declining market interest rates.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-adviser’s approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style. For example, growth stocks tend to be more volatile than certain other types of stocks, and their prices may fluctuate more dramatically than the overall stock market. A stock with growth characteristics can have sharp price declines due to decreases in current or expected earnings and may lack dividends that can help cushion its share price in a declining market.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them. There may be no willing buyer of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities. An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Municipal Securities Risk. The risk that municipal securities may be subject to credit/default risk, interest rate risk and certain additional risks. The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests more than 25% of its assets in the debt securities of similar projects (such as those relating to education, healthcare, housing, transportation, and utilities), industrial development bonds, or in particular types of municipal securities (such as general obligation bonds, private activity bonds and moral obligation bonds). The municipal market can be significantly affected by adverse tax, legislative, or political changes

 

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and the financial condition of the issuers of municipal securities. In recent periods an increasing number of municipal issuers have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Municipalities continue to experience difficulties in the current economic and political environment.

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments tends to increase (as does price fluctuation) as borrowers are motivated to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. During such periods, reinvestment of the prepayment proceeds by the management team will generally be at lower rates of return than the return on the assets that were prepaid. Prepayment reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of the security.

Puerto Rico Risk. To the extent the Fund invests in Puerto Rico municipal securities, the Fund’s performance will be affected by the fiscal and economic health of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, its political subdivisions, municipalities, agencies and authorities and political and regulatory developments affecting Puerto Rico municipal issuers. Developments in Puerto Rico may adversely affect the securities held by the Fund. Unfavorable developments in any economic sector may have far-reaching ramifications on the overall Puerto Rico municipal market. A number of events, including economic and political policy changes, tax base erosion, territory constitutional limits on tax increases, budget deficits, high rates of unemployment, Puerto Rico constitutional amendments, legislative measures, voter initiatives and other changes in the law, and other financial difficulties and changes in the credit ratings assigned to Puerto Rico’s municipal issuers, are likely to affect the Fund’s performance. The economy of Puerto Rico is closely linked to the mainland U.S. economy, as many of the external factors that affect the local economy are determined by the policies and performance of the mainland U.S. economy. Tourism makes a significant contribution to Puerto Rico’s economic activity so a decline in tourism, a change in tourism trends or an economic recession that reduces worldwide disposable income could disproportionately affect Puerto Rico’s economy relative to other economies that depend less on tourism.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries on a fully collateralized basis in order to earn additional income. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Tax Risk. The risk that future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may materially affect the value of municipal instruments or the ability of the Fund to pay tax-exempt dividends. Some of the Fund’s income distributions may be, and distributions of the Fund’s gains may be, subject to federal taxation. The Fund may realize taxable gains on the sale of its securities or other transactions, and some of the Fund’s income distributions may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. This may result in a lower tax-adjusted return. Additionally, distributions of the Fund’s income and gains generally will be subject to state taxation.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

Investment objective

Capital appreciation with reduced correlation to equity and fixed income markets.

Principal investment strategies

The Fund employs, under normal market conditions, a strategy intended to generate long term growth across market cycles with reduced correlation to the equity and fixed income markets.

The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy whereby Brinker Capital, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “Brinker Capital”) allocates the Fund’s assets among professional money managers (each, a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”), each of which is responsible for investing its allocated portion of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser will also invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in unaffiliated funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), including open-end funds, closed-end funds, exchange traded funds (ETFs), (collectively the “Underlying Funds”) and business development companies (BDCs). The Fund may specifically use ETFs to gain passive investment exposure, transitioning the Fund’s portfolio or awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When determining how to allocate the Fund’s assets between the Underlying Funds and Sub-advisers, and among Sub-advisers, the Adviser considers a variety of factors.

The Underlying Funds or Sub-Advisers that are employed may apply any of a variety of investment strategies, which may include: (i) directional or tactical strategies, such as long/short equity, long/short credit and global tactical asset allocation; (ii) event driven strategies, such as distressed securities, special situations and merger arbitrage; (iii) arbitrage strategies, such as fixed income or interest rate arbitrage, convertible arbitrage, and equity market neutral; and (iv) global macro strategies.

The Fund invests primarily in U.S., foreign and emerging markets securities, equity securities of all types and capitalization ranges, investment and non-investment grade fixed income securities (junk bonds) of any duration or maturity issued by corporations or governments (including foreign governments), bank loans, commodities, currencies, warrants, depositary receipts, real estate investment trust (REITs), structured products, floating rate instruments, exchange traded funds, exchange-traded notes and derivative instruments (which may involve leverage), principally, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts and swap agreements. The Fund may also invest in companies with limited operating histories and in companies conducting an initial public offering (IPO). In addition, the Fund may invest in cash and cash equivalents, commercial paper, money market instruments and other short-term obligations to achieve its investment goal. An active management Sub-adviser will select securities based on its assessment of one or more of a variety of factors; including:

 

    the relative risk to reward potential throughout the financial markets;

 

    the ability to offer specific sector and style exposure in a cost and tax efficient manner;

 

    the business model;

 

    the competitive landscape;

 

    upcoming product introductions;

 

    recent and projected financial metrics;

 

    cost; or

 

    counterparty risk.

In selecting investments for purchase and sale, the Sub-advisers may seek investment opportunities where a catalyst has been identified that is expected to occur within the near to immediate term, generally within twelve months, to unlock the value embedded in the investment opportunity. Investment opportunities will often center on corporate events such as bankruptcies, mergers, acquisitions, refinancing, corporate reactions to government and regulatory agency rulings, earnings surprise and other corporate events.

The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in a particular geographic region or country, including emerging markets countries.

The Fund may invest in special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”). SPACs are collective investment structures that pool funds in order to seek potential acquisition opportunities. SPACs and similar entities may be blank check companies with no operating history or ongoing business other than to seek a potential acquisition. Certain SPACs may seek acquisitions only in limited industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. Investments in SPACs may be illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale. To the extent the SPAC is invested in cash or similar securities, this may impact a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective.

 

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The 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies such as the Fund, in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs. However, pursuant to exemptive orders issued by the SEC to various ETF sponsors, the Fund is permitted to invest in these ETFs beyond the limits set forth in the 1940 Act subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in the applicable exemptive order, including the condition that the Fund enter into an agreement with the relevant ETF sponsor prior to investing beyond the 1940 Act’s limits.

The Fund may lend portfolio securities to earn additional income. Any income realized through securities lending may help Fund performance.

A Sub-adviser may sell a security for a variety of reasons, such as where the Sub-adviser believes:

 

    the risk of a counterparty has increased;

 

    the Fund should change its asset allocation;

 

    the Fund needs to generate cash to invest in more attractive opportunities;

 

    there has been a negative change in the fundamental or qualitative characteristics of the issuer;

 

    the price of the security has approached, met or exceeded the target price;

 

    the average maturity needs to be adjusted;

 

    the Fund needs to shift assets into better yielding securities;

 

    the country or sector exposure needs to be altered; or

 

    an event-driven opportunity is not expected to occur.

The Fund may also sell securities when the Adviser reallocates assets among Sub-advisers or between passive and active management strategies.

Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.

Principal risks

Investing in any mutual fund involves the risk that you may lose part or all of the money you invest. Over time, the value of your investment in the Fund will increase and decrease according to changes in the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund’s principal risks include:

Active Management Risk. Due to the active management investment strategies used by the Fund’s Sub-advisers, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies. The Sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect.

Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Asset-backed investments tend to increase in value less than other debt securities when interest rates decline, but are subject to similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. In a period of declining interest rates, the Fund may be required to reinvest more frequent prepayments on asset-backed investments in lower-yielding investments. There is a risk that borrowers may default on their obligations in respect of certain underlying obligations of asset-backed securities. Certain assets underlying asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment, which may reduce the overall return to asset-backed security holders. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize the assets may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses associated with a decline in the value of underlying assets. Certain asset-backed securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the related collateral as do mortgage-backed securities; nor are they provided government guarantees of repayment as are some mortgage-backed securities. Credit card receivables generally are unsecured, and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. In addition, some issuers of automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related automobile receivables.

 

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Bank Loans Risk. Commercial banks and other financial institutions or institutional investors make corporate loans to companies that need capital to grow or restructure. Borrowers generally pay interest on corporate loans at rates that change in response to changes in market interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the prime rates of U.S. banks. As a result, the value of corporate loan investments is generally less exposed to the adverse effects of shifts in market interest rates than investments that pay a fixed rate of interest. The market for corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads. In addition, transactions in corporate loans may settle on a delayed basis. As a result, the proceeds from the sale of corporate loans may not be readily available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, the Fund may hold additional cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks and other lenders. The corporate loans in which the Fund invests are usually rated below investment grade.

Cash Position Risk. To the extent the Fund holds assets in cash and cash equivalents, the ability of the Fund to meet its objective may be limited.

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s) and permitted under applicable law.

Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives, such as forwards, futures, swaps and options, may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments, traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying asset(s) (such as a security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference).

Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques, risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. The Fund’s derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in substantial, potentially unlimited, losses to the Fund regardless of the Fund’s actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of an adverse credit event associated with the underlying reference (credit risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value, price or rate of the underlying reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying interest rates (interest rate risk).

 

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Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks, including the risk of loss due to a derivative position that is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate (correlation risk), the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform as agreed (counterparty risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk), the risk that losses may be greater than the amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), the risk that the investment may be difficult to value (pricing risk), and the risk that the price or value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time (volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

Forwards. A forward contract is an over-the-counter derivative transaction between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of an underlying reference at a specified price (or rate) on a specified date in the future. Forward contracts are negotiated on an individual basis and are not standardized or traded on exchanges. The market for forward contracts is substantially unregulated (there is no limit on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable). The principals who deal in certain forward contract markets are not required to continue to make markets in the underlying references in which they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in forward contract markets have refused to quote prices for certain underlying references or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. At or prior to maturity of a forward contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in forward contract prices. The liquidity of the markets for forward contracts depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the market for forwards could be reduced. A relatively small price movement in a forward contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. Forward contracts can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

A forward foreign currency contract is a derivative (forward contract) in which the underlying reference is a country’s or region’s currency. The Fund may agree to buy or sell a country’s or region’s currency at a specific price on a specific date in the future. These instruments may fall in value (sometimes dramatically) due to foreign market downswings or foreign currency value fluctuations, subjecting the Fund to foreign currency risk (the risk that Fund performance may be negatively impacted by foreign currency strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly if the Fund exposes a significant percentage of its assets to currencies other than the U.S. dollar). The effectiveness of any currency strategy by the Fund may be reduced by the Fund’s inability to precisely match forward contract amounts and the value of securities involved. Forward foreign currency contracts used for hedging may also limit any potential gain that might result from an increase or decrease in the value of the currency. Unanticipated changes in the currency markets could result in reduced performance for the Fund. When the Fund converts its foreign currencies into U.S. dollars, it may incur currency conversion costs due to the spread between the prices at which it may buy and sell various currencies in the market.

Futures. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a reference instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell an underlying reference instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the underlying reference instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as currency futures and currency forward contracts.

Options. An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option grants the purchaser, in exchange for a premium payment, a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The seller of an uncovered call (buy) option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium invested in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put (sell) option that is covered (e.g., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing his entire premium invested in the put option. An option’s time value (i.e., the component of the option’s value that exceeds the in-the-money amount) tends to diminish over time. Even though an option may be in-the-money to the buyer at various times prior to its expiration date, the buyer’s ability to

 

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realize the value of an option depends on when and how the option may be exercised. For example, the terms of a transaction may provide for the option to be exercised automatically if it is in-the-money on the expiration date. Conversely, the terms may require timely delivery of a notice of exercise, and exercise may be subject to other conditions (such as the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events, such as knock-in, knock-out or other barrier events) and timing requirements, including the “style” of the option.

Swap Agreements — Swaps are agreements whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated by reference to an underlying asset, such as a rate, index, instrument or securities. Swaps typically involve credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, funding risk, operational risk, legal and documentation risk, regulatory risk and/or tax risk. Interest rate swaps involve one party, in return for a premium, agreeing to make payments to another party to the extent that interest rates exceed or fall below a specified rate (a “cap” or “floor,” respectively). Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the other party to the agreement.

Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by these companies may decline in response to such developments, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Stocks generally fluctuate in value more than bonds and may decline significantly over short time periods. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. The value of a stock in which the Fund invests may decline due to general weakness in the stock market, economic or political conditions, or because of factors that affect a particular company or industry.

A particular company in which the Fund invests or to which it has exposure may perform poorly, and the value of its securities may therefore decline, which would negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Poor performance may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters or other events, conditions or factors.

With respect to investments in preferred stocks, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline.

Risks of investing in equity securities can also vary depending on the size (or “market capitalization”) of the company.

Large capitalization risk. Although stocks issued by larger companies tend to have less overall volatility than stocks issued by smaller companies, larger companies may not be able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during strong economic periods. In addition, larger companies may be less capable of responding quickly to competitive challenges and industry changes, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes, and may suffer sharper price declines as a result of earnings disappointments.

Mid-capitalization risk. Stocks of mid-sized companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, and may be dependent upon a particular niche of the market.

Small capitalization risk. Stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources and may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group.

Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs) Risk. The Fund may invest in ETNs, which are notes representing unsecured debt of the issuer. ETNs are typically linked to the performance of an index plus a specified rate of interest that could be earned on cash collateral. The value of an ETN may be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying markets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating and economic, legal, political or geographic events that affect the referenced index.

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.

Fixed Income Market Risk. The prices of the Fund’s fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments and their agencies.

 

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Generally, the Fund’s fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa. Fixed income securities may have fixed-, variable- or floating-rates. There is a risk that the current interest rate on floating and variable rate instruments may not accurately reflect existing market interest rates. Also, longer-term securities are generally more sensitive to changes in the level of interest rates, so the average maturity or duration of these securities affects risk. Changes in government policy, including the Federal Reserve’s decisions with respect to raising interest rates or terminating certain programs such as quantitative easing, could increase the risk that interest rates will rise. Rising interest rates may, in turn, increase volatility and reduce liquidity in the fixed income markets, and result in a decline in the value of the fixed income investments held by the Fund. These risks may be heightened in a low interest rate environment. In addition, reductions in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could further decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. In the case of foreign securities, price fluctuations will reflect international economic and political events, as well as changes in currency valuations relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result of these conditions, the Fund’s value may fluctuate and/or the Fund may experience increased redemptions from shareholders, which may impact the Fund’s liquidity or force the Fund to sell securities into a declining or illiquid market.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. Foreign securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, including the political, regulatory, economic, social, diplomatic and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism; occurring in the country or region, as well as risks associated with less developed custody and settlement practices. Foreign securities may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of U.S. companies, and are subject to the risks associated with potential imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or other taxes on the Fund’s income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency’s strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly to the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Depositary receipts risk. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company reflecting ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Some foreign securities are traded in the form of ADRs, Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). Depositary receipts involve risks similar to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, including those associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, which may be related to the particular political, regulatory, economic, social and other conditions or events, including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism, occurring in the country and fluctuations in its currency, as well as market risk tied to the underlying foreign company. In addition, ADR holders may have limited voting rights, may not have the same rights afforded typical company stockholders in the event of a corporate action such as an acquisition, merger or rights offering and may experience difficulty in receiving company stockholder communications.

Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than that of issuers in other countries.

High Yield (Junk Bonds) Risk. Debt instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated and determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality are predominantly speculative. They are usually issued by companies without long track records of sales and earnings or by companies with questionable credit strength. These instruments, commonly known as ‘junk bonds,’ have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, general economic downturn, and less secondary market liquidity. This potential lack of liquidity may make it more difficult for the Fund to value these instruments accurately. An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of issuers (particularly those that are highly leveraged) to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity.

Interest Rate Risk. The risk that the values of debt instruments held by the Fund will change in response to changes in interest rates. In general, the value of a fixed-income instrument with positive duration will generally decline if interest rates increase, whereas the value of an instrument with negative duration will generally decline if interest rates decrease. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to increases in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a bond that is used to determine the sensitivity of an instrument’s price to changes in interest rates. For example, the price of a bond fund with an average duration of three years generally would be expected to fall approximately 3% if interest rates rose by one percentage point. Inverse floaters, interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments. Adjustable rate instruments also react to interest rate changes in a similar manner although generally to a lesser degree (depending, however, on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index chosen, frequency of reset and reset caps or floors, among other things). During periods of increasing interest rates, changes in the interest rate payments of adjustable rate instruments may lag the changes in market interest rates or may have limits on the maximum increase in interest rates. Conversely, there may not be any limitations or caps on the adjustment down of interest rate payments during periods of declining market interest rates.

 

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Investment Company and Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk. When the Fund invests in an investment company, including closed-end funds and ETFs, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the investment company’s expenses. Further, while the risks of owning shares of an investment company generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying investments of the investment company, the Fund may be subject to additional or different risks than if the Fund had invested directly in the underlying investments. For example, the lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than that of the underlying portfolio securities. Closed-end investment companies issue a fixed number of shares that trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or a discount to their net asset value. As a result, a closed-end fund’s share price fluctuates based on what another investor is willing to pay rather than on the market value of the securities in the fund.

Investment Style Risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Sub-advisers’ approach to investing could cause it to underperform other managers that employ a different investment style. For example, growth stocks tend to be more volatile than certain other types of stocks, and their prices may fluctuate more dramatically than the overall stock market. A stock with growth characteristics can have sharp price declines due to decreases in current or expected earnings and may lack dividends that can help cushion its share price in a declining market.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that securities cannot be readily sold within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued them. There may be no willing buyer of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance.

Management Risk. Securities held by the Fund may underperform those held by other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the Sub-advisers’ choice of securities.

Market Risk. Market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Returns from the securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities. An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods.

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities include, among other things, participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans purchased from individual lenders by a federal agency or originated and issued by private lenders and involve, among others, the following risks:

Credit and Market Risks of Mortgage-Backed Securities. Many issuers or servicers of mortgage-backed securities guarantee timely payment of interest and principal on the securities, whether or not payments are made when due on the underlying mortgages. This kind of guarantee generally increases the quality of a security, but does not mean that the security’s market value and yield will not change. The values of mortgage-backed securities may change because of changes in the market’s perception of the credit quality of the assets held by the issuer of the mortgage-backed securities or an entity, if any, providing credit support in respect of the mortgage-backed securities. In addition, an unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool may limit substantially the pool’s ability to make payments of principal or interest to the Fund as a holder of such securities, reducing the values of those securities or in some cases rendering them worthless. The Fund also may purchase securities that are not guaranteed or subject to any credit support. An investment in a privately issued mortgage-backed security may be less liquid and subject to greater credit risks than an investment in a mortgage-backed security that is issued or otherwise guaranteed by a federal government agency.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (CMBS). CMBS include securities that reflect an interest in, or are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

Prepayment, Extension and Redemption Risks of Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities may reflect an interest in monthly payments made by the borrowers who receive the underlying mortgage loans. Although the underlying mortgage loans are for specified periods of time, such as 20 or 30 years, the borrowers can, and historically have paid them off sooner, prepayment risk (described below). Mortgage-backed securities also are subject to extension risk (described above). In addition, a mortgage-backed security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer. If a mortgage-backed security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem or pay-off the security, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

Liquidity Risk of Mortgage-Backed Securities. Investments in privately issued mortgage-backed securities may have less liquidity than mortgage-backed securities that are issued by a federal government agency. Because mortgage-backed securities have the potential to be less liquid than other securities, the Fund may be more susceptible to liquidity risks than funds that

 

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invest in other securities. In the past, in stressed markets, certain types of mortgage-backed securities suffered periods of illiquidity when disfavored by the market. It is possible that the Fund may be unable to sell a mortgage-backed security at a desirable time or at the value the Fund has placed on the investment.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs). There are certain risks associated specifically with CMOs. CMOs are debt obligations collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities. The expected average life of CMOs is determined using mathematical models that incorporate prepayment assumptions and other factors that involve estimates of future economic and market conditions.

Adjustable Rate Mortgages. Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARMs) contain maximum and minimum rates beyond which the mortgage interest rate may not vary over the lifetime of the security. In addition, many ARMs provide for additional limitations on the maximum amount by which the mortgage interest rate may adjust for any single adjustment period.

Interest and Principal Only Securities Risk. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are usually structured with two classes that receive different portions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of debt instruments, such as mortgage loans. In one type of stripped mortgage-backed security, one class will receive all of the interest from the mortgage assets (the interest-only, or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal from the mortgage assets (the principal-only, or “PO” class).

Inverse Floaters and Related Securities Risk. Investments in inverse floaters and similar instruments expose the Fund to the same risks as investments in debt securities and derivatives, as well as other risks, including those associated with leverage and increased volatility. An investment in these securities typically will involve greater risk than an investment in a fixed rate security.

Multi-Manager Risk. The Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers. In addition, the investment styles of the Sub-advisers may not complement each other as expected by the Adviser. The Fund may experience a higher portfolio turnover rate, which can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and more taxable short-term gains for shareholders.

Municipal Securities Risk. The risk that municipal securities may be subject to credit/default risk, interest rate risk and certain additional risks. The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests more than 25% of its assets in the debt securities of similar projects (such as those relating to education, healthcare, housing, transportation, and utilities), industrial development bonds, or in particular types of municipal securities (such as general obligation bonds, private activity bonds and moral obligation bonds). The municipal market can be significantly affected by adverse tax, legislative, or political changes and the financial condition of the issuers of municipal securities. In recent periods an increasing number of municipal issuers have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Municipalities continue to experience difficulties in the current economic and political environment.

[Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent buying and selling of investments may involve higher trading costs and other expenses and may affect the Fund’s performance over time.]

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments tends to increase (as does price fluctuation) as borrowers are motivated to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. During such periods, reinvestment of the prepayment proceeds by the management team will generally be at lower rates of return than the return on the assets that were prepaid. Prepayment reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of the security.

Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) Risk. REITs, including foreign REITS and REIT-like entities, are subject to risks associated with the ownership of real estate. Some REITs experience market risk due to investment in a limited number of properties, in a narrow geographic area, or in a single property type, which increases the risk that such REIT could be unfavorably affected by the poor performance of a single investment or investment type. These companies are also sensitive to factors such as changes in real estate values and property taxes, interest rates, cash flow of underlying real estate assets, supply and demand and the management skill and creditworthiness of the issuer. Borrowers could default on or sell investments that a REIT holds, which could reduce the cash flow needed to make distributions to investors. In addition, REITs may also be affected by tax and regulatory requirements impacting the REITs’ ability to qualify for preferential tax treatments or exemptions. REITs require specialized management and pay management expenses. REITs also are subject to physical risks to real property, including weather, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, war, or other events that destroy real property. Foreign REITS and REIT-like entities can also be subject to currency risk, emerging market risk, limited public information, illiquid trading and the impact of local laws.

REITs include equity REITs and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. Equity and mortgage REITs are also subject to heavy

 

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cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidations. In addition, equity and mortgage REITs could possibly fail to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under applicable tax laws or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. In addition, even many of the larger REITs in the industry tend to be small to medium-sized companies in relation to the equity markets as a whole.

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries on a fully collateralized basis in order to earn additional income. The Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

Short Sale Risk. Positions in shorted securities are speculative and more risky than long positions (purchases) in securities. Short selling will also result in higher transaction costs (such as interest and dividends), and may result in higher taxes, which reduce the Fund’s return. Generally the short sales in which the Fund may invest will not be “against the box,” meaning the Fund will not own the shorted security, so theoretically the potential loss resulting from short sales is unlimited.

Sovereign Obligation Risk. The issuer of the sovereign debt or the governmental authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and the Underlying Funds may have limited recourse in the event of a default.

Special Purpose Acquisition Companies Risks. The Fund may invest in special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”). Unless and until an acquisition is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets (less an amount to cover expenses) in U.S. Government securities, money market fund securities and cash. SPACs and similar entities may be blank check companies with no operating history or ongoing business other than to seek a potential acquisition. Accordingly, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a profitable acquisition. Certain SPACs may seek acquisitions only in limited industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. Investments in SPACs may be illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale. To the extent the SPAC is invested in cash or similar securities, this may impact a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective.

U.S. Government Securities Risk. Obligations of U.S. Government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, not all U.S. Government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Obligations of certain agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises of the U.S. Government are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., the Government National Mortgage Association); other obligations are backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury (e.g., the Federal Home Loan Banks) and others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase an agency’s obligations. Still others are backed only by the credit of the agency, authority, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise issuing the obligation. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to any of these entities if it is not obligated to do so by law.

Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency entity or person.

 

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About the Funds

Brinker Capital, Inc., serves as the investment adviser for each series of the Brinker Capital Destinations Trust (the “Trust,” and each series, a “Fund,” and collectively, the “Funds”). The Funds share a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (each a “Sub-adviser,” and collectively, the “Sub-advisers”) who are responsible for investing the assets of the Funds.

The investments and strategies described in this Prospectus are those that the Adviser and the Sub-advisers use under normal conditions. During unusual economic or market conditions or for temporary defensive or liquidity purposes, each Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments and other short-term obligations that would not ordinarily be consistent with a Fund’s objectives. A Fund will do so only if the Adviser or the Sub-advisers believe that the risk of loss outweighs the opportunity for capital gains or higher income. There is no guarantee that any Fund will achieve its investment objective. Unless otherwise explicitly stated herein, or in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), the investment policies and restrictions of the Funds are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (“Board”), without shareholder approval.

The Multi-Manager Strategy

Brinker Capital acts as manager-of-managers for the Funds pursuant to an exemptive order obtained from the SEC. The exemptive order permits Brinker Capital, with the approval of the Board, to appoint and replace sub-advisers, enter into sub-advisory agreements, and materially amend and terminate sub-advisory agreements on behalf of the Funds without shareholder approval. As a manager-of-managers, Brinker Capital is ultimately responsible for the investment performance of the Funds. The Board supervises Brinker Capital and the Sub-advisers and establishes policies that they must follow in their management activities. The exemptive order does not apply to any sub-adviser that is affiliated with the Funds or Brinker Capital.

The manager-of-managers structure enables the Funds to operate with greater efficiency and without incurring the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approvals for matters relating to sub-advisers or sub-advisory agreements. The manager-of-managers structure does not permit an increase in the overall management and advisory fees payable by the Funds without shareholder approval. Consistent with the conditions of the SEC exemptive order, shareholders will be notified of any changes made to Sub-advisers or sub-advisory agreements.

The Adviser screens a universe of registered investment advisory firms and tracks the performance of these advisory firms. The Adviser continually evaluates the strength and performance of these firms, focusing on a number of key issues, including:

 

    level of expertise

 

    relative performance and consistency of performance

 

    strict adherence to investment discipline or philosophy

 

    personnel, facility and financial strength

 

    quality of service and communication

The Adviser employs a rigorous evaluation process to select Sub-advisers that have distinguished themselves through consistent and superior performance. The Adviser’s selection is subject to approval by the Board. Many of the Funds feature multiple Sub-advisers chosen to complement each other’s specific style of investing.

Portfolio Holdings

A description of each Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities is available in the Fund’s SAI.

Fund Management

The Adviser’s address is 1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250, Berwyn, PA 19312. Brinker Capital, Inc. was formed as a Delaware corporation on December 14, 1995. The Adviser was established to match the investment needs of institutional investors and substantial individual investors with appropriate and well qualified investment advisers.

Subject to the review and approval of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for selecting, supervising, monitoring and evaluating the Sub-advisers. The Adviser also is responsible for recommending to the Board whether a Sub-adviser should be replaced. The Funds rely upon an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Adviser to select new Sub-advisers or replace existing Sub-advisers without first obtaining shareholder approval. One of the conditions of the exemptive order is that the Board, including a majority of the “non-interested” Trustees, must approve each new Sub-adviser. In accordance with the exemptive order, the Funds will provide investors with information about each new Sub-adviser within 90 days of the hiring of any new Sub-adviser.

 

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A discussion regarding the Board’s basis for approving the investment advisory and subadvisory agreements is available in the Trust’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2018.

The following portfolio managers are primarily responsible for the oversight of the Sub-advisers as described above, including recommending the hiring and termination of such Sub-advisers.

Jeff W. Raupp, CFA, is Director of Investments at Brinker Capital. In this role he maintains overall responsibility for asset allocation, strategy selection and portfolio construction, and leads the team of portfolio managers and analysts that manage the firm’s investment management programs. Additionally, he oversees the portfolio management for Brinker Capital’s Destinations program. Mr. Raupp is the Chair of Brinker Capital’s Investment Committee, and serves as a member of the firm’s Asset Allocation, Manager Research and Executive Committees. Prior to his current role, he served as the Operations Manager for Brinker Capital. Prior to joining Brinker Capital, Mr. Raupp was an electronic engineer and project manager for a small electronics firm. He also served as an officer in the United States Army. Mr. Raupp has a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Delaware and a M.B.A in Finance from Villanova University.

Amy L. Magnotta, CFA, is Senior Vice President and Head of Discretionary Portfolios at Brinker Capital. In this role she has portfolio management responsibilities for Brinker Capital’s Destinations program. She is the Chair of the firm’s Asset Allocation Committee, and is a member of the firm’s Manager Research Committee. Ms. Magnotta joined Brinker Capital in 2006 as a senior investment analyst and has been a portfolio manager for the Destinations program since 2007. Prior to joining Brinker Capital, Ms. Magnotta was an associate at Franklin Park Associates from 2004 to 2006 and an associate at BlackRock from 2001 to 2004. Ms. Magnotta has a B.S. in Finance from Lehigh University.

Leigh A. Lowman, CFA, is an Investment Manager at Brinker Capital with portfolio management responsibilities for the Destinations program. Prior to joining Brinker Capital in 2015, Ms. Lowman was an outreach analyst for The Investment Fund for Foundations (TIFF) and a senior associate for Mondrian Investment Partners. Ms. Lowman was previously at Brinker Capital from 2004 to 2010 as an investment associate and operations analyst. Ms. Lowman has a B.A. in Economics from Wittenberg University.

[The Sub-advisers.] The Sub-advisers are responsible for the day-to-day investment management of the Funds. The names and addresses of the Sub-advisers, the percentage of Fund assets each Sub-adviser manages and certain information about the Fund manager or portfolio management team for each Fund are set forth below. The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in each Fund.

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund:

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC: BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (“BIM”), located at 1 University Square Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund’s assets allocated to BIM. Alan Mason has been a Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) since 2009. Prior to joining BIM, Mr. Mason was a Managing Director at Barclays Global Investors from 2008 to 2009 and a Principal of Barclays Global Investors from 1996 to 2008. Creighton Jue, CFA, has been a Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2011 and was previously a Director at BlackRock, Inc. from 2009 to 2011. Prior to joining BIM, Mr. Jue was a Principal at Barclays Global Investors from 2000 to 2009. Jennifer Hsui, CFA, has been a Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2011 and was previously a Director at BlackRock Inc. from 2009 to 2011. Ms. Hsui’s service with the firm dates back to 2006, including her years with Barclays Global Investors (BGI), which merged with BlackRock in 2009. Rachel Aguirre has been a Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2018 and was previously Director of BlackRock since 2012 and Vice President of BlackRock. from 2009 to 2011. Prior to joining BIM, Ms. Aguirre was a Principal and Portfolio Manager at Barclays Global Investors from 2005 to 2009.

Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC: Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“CMIA”), located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund’s assets allocated to CMIA. Thomas Galvin, CFA, is a Senior Portfolio Manager and Head of Focused Large Cap Growth at CMIA. Mr. Galvin joined one of the Columbia Management legacy firms or acquired business lines in 2003. Mr. Galvin began his investment career in 1983 and earned an undergraduate degree in Finance from Georgetown University and a Master of Business Administration from New York University. Richard Carter is a Senior Portfolio Manager at CMIA. Mr. Carter joined one of the Columbia Management legacy firms or acquired business lines in 2003. Mr. Carter began his investment career in 1993 and earned a Bachelor of Arts from Connecticut College. Todd

 

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Herget is a Senior Portfolio Manager at CMIA. Mr. Herget joined one of the Columbia Management legacy firms or acquired business lines in 1998. Mr. Herget began his investment career in 1998 and earned a Bachelor of Science from Brigham Young University and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Notre Dame.

Delaware Investments Fund Advisers: Delaware Investments Fund Advisers (“DIFA”), a series of Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (“MIMBT”), located at 2005 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund’s assets allocated to DIFA. D. Tysen Nutt Jr. is senior portfolio manager and team leader for the firm’s Large-Cap Value team. Before joining MIMBT, which includes the former Delaware Investments, in 2004 as Senior Vice President and Senior Portfolio Manager, Mr. Nutt led the U.S. Active Large-Cap Value team within Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, where he managed mutual funds and separate accounts for institutions and private clients. Mr. Nutt departed Merrill Lynch Investment Managers as a Managing Director. Prior to joining Merrill Lynch Investment Managers in 1994, Mr. Nutt was with Van Deventer & Hoch and Dean Witter Reynolds. Mr. Nutt earned his Bachelor’s degree from Dartmouth College, and he is a member of the New York Society of Security Analysts and the CFA Institute. Robert A. Vogel, Jr., CFA, is a Senior Portfolio Manager for the firm’s Large-Cap Value team. Prior to joining MIMBT, which includes the former Delaware Investments, in 2004 as Vice President and Senior Portfolio Manager, Mr. Vogel worked at Merrill Lynch Investment Managers for more than seven years, where he rose to the position of Director and Portfolio Manager within the U.S. Active Large-Cap Value team. Mr. Vogel began his career in 1992 as a financial consultant at Merrill Lynch. Mr. Vogel graduated from Loyola University Maryland, earning both Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Finance. He also earned a Master of Business Administration with a concentration in Finance from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Vogel is a member of the New York Society of Security Analysts, the CFA Institute, and the CFA Society of Philadelphia. Nikhil G. Lalvani, CFA, is a Senior Portfolio Manager for the firm’s Large-Cap Value team. At MIM, which includes the former Delaware Investments, Mr. Lalvani has worked as both a Fundamental and Quantitative Analyst. Prior to joining the firm in 1997 as an Account Analyst, Mr. Lalvani was a Research Associate with Bloomberg. Mr. Lalvani holds a Bachelor’s degree in Finance from The Pennsylvania State University. Mr. Lalvani is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of Philadelphia. Kristen E. Bartholdson is a Senior Portfolio Manager for the firm’s Large-Cap Value team. Prior to joining MIMBT, which includes the former Delaware Investments, in 2006 as an Associate Portfolio Manager, she worked at Susquehanna International Group from 2004 to 2006, where she was an equity research salesperson. From 2000 to 2004, Ms. Bartholdson worked in equity research at Credit Suisse, most recently as an Associate Analyst in investment strategy. Ms. Bartholdson earned her Bachelor’s degree in Economics from Princeton University.

Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc.: Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc. (“Fort Washington”), located at 303 Broadway, Suite 1200 Cincinnati, OH 45202, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. James E. Wilhelm, Senior Portfolio Manger, manages the portion of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund’s assets allocated to Fort Washington. Mr. Wilhelm has been the Managing Director, Head of Public Equity at Fort Washington since 2002. Prior to joining Fort Washington, Mr. Wilhelm was a Director — Equity Research at Riggs Investment Management Corp. Previously, Mr. Wilhelm was an Equity Research Analyst at First Union Securities, a Portfolio Analyst/Regional Internal Wholesaler at Evergreen Funds and a Financial Consultant at Salomon Smith Barney.

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.: T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (“T. Rowe Price”), located at 100 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. Joseph Fath, CPA, manages the portion of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund’s assets allocated to T. Rowe Price. Mr. Fath is a Vice President of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price. Mr. Fath is the Chairman of the Investment Advisory Committee for the Growth Stock Fund. Mr. Fath is also a member of the portfolio management team for the US Large-Cap Growth Equity Strategy in the U.S. Equity Division. Mr. Fath serves as a Vice President and Investment Advisory Committee member of the Media & Telecommunications, Capital Opportunity and Mid-Cap Growth Funds. Mr. Fath joined the firm in 2002 as an Analyst covering gaming, lodging, cruise lines, airlines, and air freight and logistics companies. Mr. Fath graduated, with honors, with a Bachelor of Science in accounting from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He earned a Master of Business Administration, with honors, in Finance and Entrepreneurial Management from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Fath also has earned the Certified Public Accountant accreditation.

TCW Investment Management Group LLC: TCW Investment Management Company LLC (“TIMCO”), located at 865 S. Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund’s assets allocated to TIMCO. Diane E. Jaffee, CFA, Senior Portfolio Manager and Group Managing Director, conducts the day-to-day management of an assigned portion of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund and has sole discretion over all buy/sell decisions. Ms. Jaffee has 33 years of experience and has been managing assets in TCW’s New York office for 21 years.

 

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Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund:

Ceredex Value Advisors LLC: Ceredex Value Advisors LLC (“Ceredex”), located at 301 East Pine Street, Suite 500, Orlando, Florida 32801, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund. Don Wordell, CFA, manages the portion of the Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund’s assets allocated to Ceredex. Mr. Wordell currently serves as Managing Director of Ceredex. He has been a Portfolio Manager at Ceredex since 2001 and has worked in investment management since 1996.

Driehaus Capital Management: Driehaus Capital Management (“Driehaus”), located at 25 East Erie Street, Chicago IL 60611, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund’s assets allocated to Driehaus. Jeff James has served as the Portfolio Manager of the Driehaus Small Cap Growth strategy since 2006. He previously managed the Driehaus Micro Cap Growth strategy from 1998 to 2006. From 2001 to 2005, he also served as Portfolio Manager for the firm’s long/short hedge fund. Mr. James joined Driehaus Capital Management in 1997 as a Sector Analyst covering the information technology and energy sectors for the firm’s Small Cap Growth and Mid Cap Growth strategies. Prior to joining the firm, from 1991 to 1997, Mr. James worked at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago as an Analyst. Mr. James began his career with Lehman Brothers in 1990. Michael Buck has served as Assistant Portfolio Manager on the Driehaus Micro Cap Growth and Driehaus Small Cap Growth strategies since 2009. Prior to joining Driehaus in 2002, Mr. Buck began his career at Deloitte Consulting, LLC as a Business Analyst.

LMCG Investments, LLC: LMCG Investments, LLC (“LMCG”), located at 200 Clarendon Street, 28th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund. R. Todd Vingers, CFA, manages the portion of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund’s assets allocated to LMCG. Mr. Vingers joined LMCG in June 2002. Mr. Vingers is the Managing Director of Value Equities at LMCG and is responsible for the management of the Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund. Mr. Vingers is a member of LMCG’s Board of Directors. Prior to joining the firm, Mr. Vingers served as Vice President and Senior Portfolio Manager for American Century Investments. Prior to joining American Century, he was a Valuation Analyst for the Hawthorne Company. Mr. Vingers holds a Bachelor of Arts from the University of St. Thomas and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Mr. Vingers is a CFA charterholder and a member of the CFA Institute.

Destinations International Equity Fund:

BAMCO, Inc.: BAMCO, Inc. (“BAMCO”), located at 767 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor, New York, New York 10153, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations International Equity Fund. Michael Kass manages the portion of the Destinations International Equity Fund’s assets allocated to BAMCO. Mr. Kass has been the Portfolio Manager of the Destinations International Equity Fund since 2017. He joined BAMCO in November 2007 to develop international and emerging markets strategies. Mr. Kass has been the Portfolio Manager of Baron International Growth Fund and Baron Emerging Markets Fund since their inceptions in 2008 and 2010, respectively. From 1996 until 2003, Mr. Kass co-managed the Furman Selz Large Cap Growth portfolios, and beginning in 1998, he co-founded the Artemis Funds, a long-short strategy with a similar discipline as Large Cap Growth. In 2003, Mr. Kass formed Artemis Advisors, LLC to acquire the Artemis Funds from ING Furman Selz. Mr. Kass spent ten years in equity investment management at ING Furman Selz, and was named a Senior Managing Director and Portfolio Manager in 1996. From 1989 until 1993, he was an Associate in investment banking at Lazard Frères. Mr. Kass began his career in 1987 as an Analyst in corporate finance at Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.

MFS Investment Management: Massachusetts Financial Services Company, doing business as MFS Investment Management (“MFS”), located at 111 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02199 serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations International Equity Fund. The portion of the Destinations International Equity Fund allocated to MFS is co-managed by Pablo De La Mata and Benjamin Stone. Mr. De La Marta is an Investment Officer of MFS and has been employed in the investment area of MFS since 2008. Prior to joining MFS, Mr. De La Mata served one year as an Equity Research Analyst at Magnetar Capital. Prior to that, he spent three years as an equity research analyst for BlackRock/Merrill Lynch Investment Managers.    Mr. De La Mata received a Bachelor of Science from Colegio Universitario de Estudios Financieros. Mr. Stone is an Investment Officer at MFS and has been employed in the investment area of MFS since 2005. Mr. Stone began his investment career in 1996 at Schroders Investment Management where he served as an equity research analyst. Mr. Stone received his Bachelor’s degree from Durham University.

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.: T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (“T. Rowe Price”), located at 100 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations International Equity Fund. Richard Chattenburg, CFA, manages the portion of the Destinations International Equity Fund’s assets allocated to T. Rowe Price. Mr. Clattenburg is a Vice President of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price, Inc. He is a Portfolio Manager for the T. Rowe Price International Growth Equity Strategy. Mr. Clattenburg is also a Vice President and Investment Advisory Committee member of the Global Real Estate Fund, a Vice President of T. Rowe Price International Funds, and an Investment Advisory Committee member of the International Stock Fund. Prior to joining the firm in 2005, Mr. Clattenburg was employed by Goldman Sachs as a Financial Analyst in its Investment Management Division. He earned a Bachelor of Science, summa cum laude, in Economics with a concentration in Accounting from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Clattenburg also has earned the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.

 

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Wasatch Advisors, Inc.: Wasatch Advisors, Inc. (“Wasatch Advisors”), located at 505 Wakara Way, 3rd Floor, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Destinations International Equity Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations International Equity Fund’s assets allocated to Wasatch Advisors. Jared Whatcott, CFA, has been a Portfolio Manager for the Destinations International Equity Fund since 2017. Mr. Whatcott has also been a Portfolio Manager for the Wasatch International Opportunities Fund since January 2014 and the Wasatch Frontier Emerging Small Countries Fund since January 2016. He joined Wasatch Advisors in 2005 as a Senior Equities Analyst on the international research team. Prior to joining Wasatch Advisors, Mr. Whatcott was a Captain in the United States Air Force, where he served as a contracting officer. Mr. Whatcott earned a Master of Business Administration from the Darden School at the University of Virginia and a Bachelor of Science in Management with a minor in Foreign Language (Mandarin Chinese) from the United States Air Force Academy. Linda Lasater, CFA, has been a Portfolio Manager for the Destinations International Equity Fund since 2017. Ms. Lasater has also been an Associate Portfolio Manager for the Wasatch International Growth Fund since January 2014, and a Portfolio Manager for the Wasatch International Opportunities Fund since June 2016. She joined Wasatch Advisors in 2006 as a Senior Equities Analyst on the international research team. Prior to joining Wasatch Advisors, Ms. Lasater worked as an investment applications project lead with AIM Investments. Ms. Lasater earned a Master of Business Administration from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, and a Bachelor of Business Administration in Management Information Systems from the University of Texas. Allison He, CFA, has been an Associate Portfolio Manager for the Destinations International equity Fund since 2018. She joined Wasatch Advisors in 2013.

Destinations Equity Income Fund:

Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC: Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“CMIA”), located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Equity Income Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Equity Income Fund’s assets allocated to CMIA. Steven Schroll is a Senior Portfolio Manager for CMIA’s Dividend Opportunity Strategy. Mr. Schroll joined CMIA in 1998, and he began his investment career in 1981. Mr. Schroll earned a Bachelor of Science from Drake University and completed work toward a Master of Business Administration from the University of Minnesota. Paul Stocking is a Senior Portfolio Manager for CMIA’s Dividend Opportunity Strategy. Mr. Stocking joined CMIA in 1995, and he began his investment career in 1987. Mr. Stocking earned a Bachelor of Business Administration from the University of Michigan and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Chicago. Dean Ramos, CFA, is a Senior Portfolio Manager for CMIA’s Dividend Opportunity Strategy. Mr. Ramos joined CMIA in 2000, and he began his investment career in 1992. Mr. Ramos earned a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Minnesota.

Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania: Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania (“FEMCOPA”), located at Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Destinations Equity Income Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Equity Income Fund’s assets allocated to FEMCOPA. Federated Advisory Services Company (“FASC”), an affiliate of FEMCOPA and located at the same address, provides research, quantitative analysis, equity trading and transaction settlement and certain support services to FEMCOPA. FEMCOPA and FASC are wholly owned subsidiaries of Federated Investors, Inc. (“FII”). Daniel Peris, CFA, is a Senior Vice President and Senior Portfolio Manager of FEMCOPA. Mr. Peris joined FII in August 2002. Previously, Mr. Peris worked at Argus Research Corp., New York and Absolut Invest, Moscow. Mr. Peris earned his Bachelor of Arts from Williams College, his Master of Philosophy from Oxford University and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. Mr. Peris has 17 years of investment experience. Deborah D. Bickerstaff is a Vice President and Portfolio Manager of FEMCOPA. Ms. Bickerstaff joined FII in July 1996. Previously, Ms. Bickerstaff held various positions with FII subsidiary companies including: Associate Portfolio Manager, Senior Analyst, Performance Attribution and Risk Management; Senior Financial Analyst, Fund Treasury, and Senior Fund Controller, Client Financial Services. Ms. Bickerstaff received her Bachelor of Science from La Roche College. Ms. Bickerstaff has 20 years of investment experience.

Destinations Real Assets Fund:

SailingStone Capital Partners LLC: SailingStone Capital Partners LLC (SailingStone), located at 1 California Street, Suite 3050, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Real Assets Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Real Assets Fund’s assets allocated to SailingStone. MacKenzie B. Davis, CFA, is a Managing Partner of SailingStone, where he is an Investment Analyst and Portfolio Manager. Prior to founding SailingStone, Mr. Davis was an Investment Analyst at RS Investments and Co-Manager of the RS Global Natural Resource strategies. Previously, Mr. Davis was a High Yield Analyst at Fidelity Management & Research Company, where he focused on distressed investment opportunities in the telecommunications, power and energy sectors. He started his career as an Analyst at Goldman Sachs. Mr. Davis holds a Bachelor of Arts in Mathematical Economics and Modern American History from Brown University and is a CFA charterholder. Kenneth L. Settles, Jr., CFA, is a Managing Partner of SailingStone, where he is an Investment Analyst and Portfolio

 

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Manager. Prior to founding SailingStone, Mr. Settles was an investment analyst at RS Investments and Co-Manager of the RS Global Natural Resource strategies. Previously, Mr. Settles was a Senior Vice President at Neuberger Berman, where he was a Senior Energy Analyst and Co-Manager of the Neuberger Berman Premier Energy Portfolio. He started his career as a Financial Analyst at Salomon Smith Barney. Mr. Settles holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Williams College and is a CFA charterholder.

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund:

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC: BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (“BIM”), located at 1 University Square Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund’s assets allocated to BIM. Scott Radell, CFA, has been a Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) and the Co-Head of US Fixed Income Portfolio Solutions within BlackRock’s Model-Based Fixed Income Portfolio Management Group since 2009. Prior to joining BIM, Mr. Radell was a Portfolio Manager at Barclays Global Investors from 2004 to 2009. James Mauro has been a Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2010. Prior to joining BIM, Mr. Mauro was a Vice President at State Street Global Advisors from 2001 to 2010.

DoubleLine Capital LP: DoubleLine Capital LP (“DoubleLine”), located at 333 South Grand Avenue, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90071, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund’s assets allocated to DoubleLine. Jeffrey E. Gundlach is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of DoubleLine and DoubleLine Equity LP and is Chief Investment Officer of DoubleLine. Mr. Gundlach has been Chief Executive Officer of DoubleLine since its inception in December 2009 and of DoubleLine Equity since its inception in 2013. He is a graduate of Dartmouth College summa cum laude holding a Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics and Philosophy. Mr. Gundlach attended Yale University as a PhD candidate in Mathematics. Mr. Barach is Co-Founder and President of DoubleLine. Philip A. Barach has been President of DoubleLine since its inception in December 2009. Mr. Barach has a Master of Business Administration in Finance and a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jeffrey J. Sherman, CFA, has been the Deputy Chief Investment Officer of DoubleLine since June 2016 and a Portfolio Manager since September 2010. Mr. Sherman participates on the Fixed Income Asset Allocation Committee and is a Portfolio Manager for derivative-based and multi-asset strategies. He joined DoubleLine in December 2009. Prior to DoubleLine, Mr. Sherman was a Senior Vice President at TCW where he worked as a Portfolio Manager and Quantitative Analyst focused on fixed-income and real-asset portfolios. Mr. Sherman assisted in developing real-asset strategies for TCW and was a Portfolio Manager overseeing several commodity funds. Prior to TCW, he was a statistics and mathematics instructor at both the University of the Pacific and Florida State University. Mr. Sherman holds a Bachelor of Science in Applied Mathematics from the University of the Pacific and a Master of Science in Financial Engineering from the Claremont Graduate University. He is a CFA charterholder.

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund:

CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC: CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC (“CrossingBridge”), located at 427 Bedford Road Suite 230, Pleasantville, New York 10570, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Opportunity Fund. David K. Sherman manages the portion of the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Opportunity Fund’s assets allocated to CrossingBridge. CrossingBridge is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cohanzick Management, LLC (“Cohanzick”). Mr. Sherman has been the President of Cohanzick since its inception in 1996.

DoubleLine Capital LP: DoubleLine Capital LP (“DoubleLine”), located at 333 South Grand Avenue, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90071, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund’s assets allocated to DoubleLine. Philip A. Barach is Co-Founder and President of DoubleLine. Mr. Barach has been President of DoubleLine since its inception in December 2009. Mr. Barach has a Master of Business Administration in Finance and a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Luz M. Padilla is the lead Portfolio Manager. Ms. Padilla joined DoubleLine in 2009 as the Director of the Emerging Markets Group. Ms. Padilla attended University of California at Berkeley as a fellow of the Robert A. Toigo Foundation and graduated with a Master of Business Administration in 1994. Ms. Padilla received her Bachelor of Arts in Economics in 1989 from Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. Robert Cohen was named as DoubleLine’s Director of Global Developed Credit in September 2016. Mr. Cohen has been a Portfolio Manager of DoubleLine since July 2012. Prior to DoubleLine, Mr. Cohen was a Senior Credit Analyst at West Gate Horizons Advisors (and its predecessor entity, ING Capital Advisors) since 2001.

Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund:

CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC: CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC (“CrossingBridge”), located at 427 Bedford Road Suite 230, Pleasantville, New York 10570, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund. David K. Sherman manages the portion of the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund’s assets allocated to CrossingBridge. CrossingBridge is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cohanzick Management, LLC (“Cohanzick”). Mr. Sherman has been the President of Cohanzick since its inception in 1996.

 

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DoubleLine Capital LP: DoubleLine Capital LP (“DoubleLine”), located at 333 South Grand Avenue, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90071, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund’s assets allocated to DoubleLine. Luz M. Padilla is the lead Portfolio Manager. Ms. Padilla joined DoubleLine in 2009 as the Director of the Emerging Markets Group. Ms. Padilla attended University of California at Berkeley as a fellow of the Robert A. Toigo Foundation and graduated with a Master of Business Administration in 1994. Ms. Padilla received her Bachelor of Arts in Economics in 1989 from Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. Mark Christensen joined DoubleLine in 2009 and is a Portfolio Manager and Senior Credit Analyst. Mr. Christensen graduated from Brigham Young University with a Bachelor of Science in Business Management with an emphasis in International Finance. Su Fei Koo joined DoubleLine in 2009 and is a Portfolio Manager and Senior Credit Analyst. Ms. Koo holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from the University of Houston and a Master of Business Administration in Finance from the University of Southern California.

Nuveen Asset Management, LLC: Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, (“Nuveen Asset Management”), located at 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund. Douglas M. Baker, CFA, and Brenda A. Langenfeld, CFA, have primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of that portion of the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund’s assets allocated to Nuveen Asset Management. Mr. Baker is the head of the Preferred Securities Sector Team and a member of the Fixed Income Strategy Committee, which establishes investment policy for all taxable fixed-income products. Mr. Baker also manages Nuveen Asset Management’s derivative overlay group, where he is responsible for implementing derivatives-based hedging strategies across the Nuveen Asset Management municipal strategies complex. Mr. Baker joined Nuveen Asset Management in 2006 as a Vice President and Derivatives Analyst, and later that year his responsibilities expanded to include portfolio management duties. Prior to joining Nuveen, Mr. Baker spent three years at Lehman Brothers in institutional fixed income and derivatives sales, and prior to that he spent five years at Bank of America in corporate and commercial banking. Ms. Langenfeld is a Vice President at Nuveen Asset Management and a Portfolio Manager for preferred security strategies. Ms. Langenfeld is also a Co-Manager for funds and accounts using Nuveen Asset Management’s Real Asset Income Strategy, which invests in income-generating debt and equity securities from the real estate and infrastructure segments. Ms. Langenfeld started working in the financial services industry with FAF Advisors, Inc. (“FAF”) in 2004 and joined Nuveen Assets Management on January 1, 2011 in connection with its acquisition of a portion of FAF’s asset management business.

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Northern Trust Investments, Inc.: Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI”), located at 50 S. LaSalle Street, Chicago, IL 60603, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund’s assets allocated to NTI. Timothy T. A. McGregor, CFA, Senior Vice President of NTI has been manager of the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund since 2017. Additionally, Mr. McGregor is Director of NTI’s Municipal Fixed Income Management Group, which has responsibility for over $30 billion in assets. Mr. McGregor is a Portfolio Manager for registered investment companies and individual accounts, and he specializes in tax-exempt portfolios as well as crossover mandates that require taxable market exposure. Mr. McGregor joined NTI in 1989.

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund:

Avenue Capital Management II, L.P.: Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. (“Avenue”), located at 399 Park Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, New York 10022, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Multi Strategy Alternative Fund. Avenue is part of Avenue Capital Group, which comprises three registered investment advisers (including Avenue) that have extensive experience investing in stressed and distressed obligations in the United States, Europe and Asia. Jeffrey J. Gary, a Senior Portfolio Manager of Avenue, manages the portion of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternative Fund’s assets allocated to Avenue. Mr. Gary is responsible for directing the investment activities of Avenue’s Public Fund Strategy, which includes one other registered open-end fund and one registered closed-end fund managed by Avenue. Prior to joining Avenue in 2012, Mr. Gary served as a Portfolio Manager at another registered investment adviser since 2009, where he managed an opportunistic credit fund that invested globally in high yield bonds, bank loans and distressed securities. Mr. Gary has more than 25 years of investment experience in high yield, bank loan and distressed investment strategies, including the last 20 years as a Portfolio Manager. Mr. Gary’s experience includes managing numerous high yield and credit-related mutual funds. Mr. Gary received a Bachelors of Science in Accounting from Penn State University in 1984 and a Masters of Business Administration from Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management in 1991.

Driehaus Capital Management: Driehaus Capital Management (“Driehaus”), located at 25 East Erie Street, Chicago IL 60611, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Multi Strategy Alternative Fund. A team of investment professionals manages

 

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the portion of the Destination Multi Strategy Alternative Fund’s assets allocated to Driehaus. KC Nelson has been the lead Portfolio Manager of the Driehaus Active Income strategy, Driehaus Event Driven strategy, and Driehaus Select Credit strategy since each fund’s inception. Prior to joining Driehaus Capital Management in 2009, Mr. Nelson was a Senior Portfolio Manager at Lotsoff Capital Management. While at Lotsoff, Mr. Nelson managed a credit arbitrage hedge fund and a mutual fund. Mr. Nelson has also held Assistant Portfolio Manager and Analyst positions at Akela Capital, Andersen Corporate Finance LLC and J.C. Bradford & Co. Elizabeth Cassidy has been the Portfolio Manager for the Driehaus Active Income strategy since 2015 and Assistant Portfolio Manager of the Driehaus Select Credit strategy since 2009. Prior to Ms. Cassidy’s promotion to Portfolio Manager of the Driehaus Active Income strategy, she had been the assistant Portfolio Manager on the strategy since 2009. Before joining Driehaus Capital Management, Ms. Cassidy was a Vice President at Bank of America Merrill Lynch at the debt proprietary trading desk. Prior to that role, she worked in the investment banking division of Credit Suisse First Boston. Michael Caldwell serves as a Senior Analyst on the Driehaus Micro Cap Growth and Driehaus Small Cap Growth strategies and was promoted to Assistant Portfolio Manager of the Driehaus Event Driven strategy in 2013. Prior to joining the firm in 2008, Mr. Caldwell worked as a graduate research associate for the department of biomedical engineering at Yale University in 2007. Mr. Caldwell began his career as Co-Founder and Managing Director of Ivy Concierge, LLC from 2005-2007. Yoav Sharon has been an Assistant Portfolio Manager for the Driehaus Event Driven strategy since 2015. Mr. Sharon also serves as the firm’s Senior Options Analyst, a role he has held since joining Driehaus in 2012. Prior to joining Driehaus, Mr. Sharon worked at Peak6 Investments, LLC as a Senior Analyst and trader from 2010 to 2012. From 2005 to 2008, Mr. Sharon served as a Managing Member of a firm he helped found, Raya Trading LLC. From 2002 to 2004, Mr. Sharon held positions of increasing responsibility at STR Trading Partners LLC, leaving that firm with a title of Senior Trader. Thomas McCauley has been Assistant Portfolio Manager for the Driehaus Event Driven Strategy since June 1, 2017. Before joining the firm in 2013 as a senior analyst, he was an investment analyst for Chicago Fundamental Investment Partners.

RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC: RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (“RiverNorth”), located at 325 North LaSalle Street, Suite 645, Chicago, Illinois 60654, serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Multi Strategy Alternative Fund. A team of investment professionals manages the portion of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternative Fund’s assets allocated to RiverNorth. Patrick W. Galley, CFA, is a Co-Portfolio Manager for the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternative Fund. Mr. Galley is the Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager for RiverNorth since 2004. Mr. Galley also serves as President and Chairman of RiverNorth’s proprietary funds and heads the firm’s research and investment team and which oversees all portfolio management activities at RiverNorth. He graduated with honors from Rochester Institute of Technology with a Bachelor of Science in Finance. Mr. Galley has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation, is a member of the CFA Institute, and is a member of the CFA Society of Chicago. Stephen A. O’Neill, CFA, is a Co-Portfolio Manager of Destinations Multi Strategy Alternative Fund. Mr. O’Neill is a Portfolio Manager for RiverNorth and has been employed by the firm since 2007. Mr. O’Neill conducts qualitative and quantitative analysis of closed-end funds and their respective asset classes. Mr. O’Neill graduated magna cum laude from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio with a Bachelor of Science in Finance. Mr. O’Neill has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation, is a member of the CFA Institute, and is a member of the CFA Society of Chicago.

Management Fees. The Adviser receives an advisory fee from each Fund for its services. In turn, the Adviser pays each Sub-adviser a fee for its subadvisory services. The Adviser may voluntarily waive a portion or all of the management fees otherwise payable to it by a Fund. The Class I Shares of the Funds commenced operations on [XX]. For the fiscal period from [XX] to February 28, 2018, the Adviser received investment advisory fees, as a percentage of each Fund’s average daily net assets., at the following annual rates:

 

Fund

   Contractual
Advisory Fee
    Actual Advisory Fee
Paid 
 

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

     [0.75 ]%      [0.63 ]% 

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

     [0.90 ]%      [0.79 ]% 

Destinations International Equity Fund

     [1.00 ]%      [0.89 ]% 

Destinations Equity Income Fund

     [0.80 ]%      [0.67 ]% 

Destinations Real Assets Fund

     [1.00 ]%      [0.96 ]% 

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

     [0.65 ]%      [0.57 ]% 

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

     [0.70 ]%      [0.66 ]% 

Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund

     [0.85 ]%      [0.74 ]% 

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund*

     [0.70 ]%      [0.58 ]% 

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

     [1.35 ]%      [0.88 ]% 

 

* In addition to the Adviser’s contractual requirement to waive of a portion of its advisory fee, the Adviser voluntarily waived even more of its advisory fee, as necessary to keep the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund’s expected total annual operating expenses at or below 0.80%. As the Fund’s assets increase, its fixed expenses will become a smaller percentage of the Fund’s total assets and the Adviser will no longer have to continue to voluntarily waive this additional portion of its fee. This voluntary waiver applied only to the advisory fee and did not apply to any other direct or indirect expenses incurred by the Fund. The Adviser is under no obligation to continue to voluntarily waive this additional amount and may discontinue all or part of this voluntary waiver at any time. [However, the Adviser’s contractual waiver will remain in place at least until June 30, 2019.]

 

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Potential Conflicts of Interest. The advisory fees paid by each Fund to the Adviser and the subadvisory fees paid by the Adviser to each Sub-adviser vary depending upon the Fund. For this reason, the Adviser could retain a larger portion of its advisory fees by recommending certain Funds to clients in its asset allocation program or by recommending certain Sub-advisers to the Board. You should consider this potential conflict of interest when evaluating a Fund for investment and/or the Adviser’s asset allocation recommendation. The Adviser intends to comply with standards of fiduciary duty that require it to act solely in the best interest of a participant when making such investment recommendations and to avoid any conflict of interest.

The SAI provides additional information about each Sub-adviser, including more information about their investment strategies and techniques, compensation paid to each Sub-adviser’s portfolio manager(s), other accounts managed by such portfolio managers and the portfolio managers’ ownership of the Fund’s shares.

Investment and Account Information

Pricing of Fund Shares

Each Fund sells its shares at NAV. NAV is determined by dividing the value of the Fund’s securities, cash and other assets, minus all liabilities, by the number of shares outstanding (assets – liabilities / number of shares = NAV). NAV takes into account the expenses and fees of a Fund, which are accrued daily. Each Fund’s share price is calculated as of the close of regular trading (generally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day that the NYSE is open for business.

In calculating NAV, a Fund generally values its investment portfolio at market price. When valuing portfolio securities, a Fund values securities listed on a securities exchange, market or automated quotation system for which quotations are readily available (other than securities traded on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (“NASDAQ”)) at the last quoted sale price on the primary exchange or market (foreign or domestic) on which the securities are traded, or, if there is no such reported sale, at the mean between last bid and ask price on such day. Each Fund values securities traded on NASDAQ at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. If a Fund holds securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares, the NAV of the Fund’s shares may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem Fund shares.

When valuing fixed income securities, each Fund uses the value of the security provided by pricing services. The values provided by a pricing service may be based upon market quotations for the same security, securities expected to trade in a similar manner or a pricing matrix. For certain fixed income securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less, a Fund may use the security’s amortized cost under certain circumstances. Amortized cost and the use of a pricing matrix in valuing fixed income securities are forms of fair value pricing.

Fair Value Pricing

If market or broker-dealer quotations are unavailable or deemed unreliable for a security or if a security’s value may have been materially affected by events occurring after the close of a securities market on which the security principally trades but before a Fund calculates its NAV, the Fund may, in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board, employ “fair value” pricing of securities. Fair value determinations are made in good faith in accordance with Board-approved procedures. Generally, the fair value of a portfolio security or other asset shall be the amount that the owner of the security or asset might reasonably expect to receive upon its sale under current market conditions. Attempts to determine the fair value of securities introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities. This fair value may be higher or lower than any available market price or quotation for such security and, because this process necessarily depends upon judgment, this value also may vary from valuations determined by other funds using their own valuation procedures. Although a Fund’s use of fair value pricing is intended to result in calculation of an NAV that fairly reflects security values as of the time of pricing, the Fund cannot guarantee that any fair value price will, in fact, approximate the amount the Fund would actually realize upon the sale of the securities in question. If a reliable market quotation becomes available for a security formerly valued through fair valuation techniques, the Fund would compare the new market quotation to the fair value price to evaluate the effectiveness of its fair valuation procedures. If any significant discrepancies are found, the Fund may adjust its fair valuation procedures.

For foreign securities traded on foreign exchanges, the Trust uses a third-party pricing service to provide pricing data with respect to foreign security holdings held by the Funds. The use of this third-party pricing service is designed to capture events occurring after a foreign exchange closes that may affect the value of certain holdings of Fund securities traded on those foreign exchanges. Each Fund uses a confidence interval when determining the use of the third-party provided prices. The confidence interval is a measure of the historical relationship that each foreign exchange traded security has to movements in various indices and the price of the security’s

 

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corresponding ADR, if one exists. The third-party pricing service provides the confidence interval for each security for which it provides a price. If the provided price falls within the confidence interval, the Fund will value the particular security at that price. If the provided price does not fall within the confidence interval, the particular security will be valued at the preceding closing price on its respective foreign exchange, or if there were no transactions on such day, at the mean between the bid and asked prices.

Description of Share Classes

Class I Shares and Class Z Shares are offered in this Prospectus.

The costs of managing and administering a Fund are spread among shareholders of each class of shares. These operating costs cover such things as investment management, custody, auditing, administrative and transfer agency expenses, fees and expenses of Trustees, and, to the extent applicable to a share class, shareholder servicing.

Shares of different classes are available to different eligible investors.

Class I Shares. Class I Shares are intended primarily for investors investing through the Destinations platform.

Class Z Shares. Class Z Shares will be sold through financial intermediaries to investors that operate outside of the Destinations platform.

How to Buy Shares

Fund shares are currently available exclusively to investors participating in Destinations, an investment advisory program, other asset-based fee programs sponsored by Brinker Capital, or through certain third-party advisory programs. Therefore, you may purchase Fund shares only from Brinker Capital or through the sponsor of one of the third-party advisory programs that uses the Funds as an investment solution.

Each Fund reserves the right to reject purchase orders or to stop offering shares without notice. Shareholders will be notified of any such rejection as promptly as reasonably practicable – typically within two business days. There are no minimum initial or subsequent investment amount requirements for the Funds. The Funds do not issue share certificates.

Shares of the Funds have not been registered for sale outside of the United States. The Funds generally do not sell shares to investors residing outside of the United States, even if they are United States citizens or lawful permanent residents, except to investors with United States military APO or FPO addresses.

USA PATRIOT Act. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 requires financial institutions, including the Funds and Brinker Capital to adopt certain policies and programs to prevent money laundering activities, including procedures to verify the identity of customers opening new accounts. When setting up an account, you will be required to supply Brinker Capital with your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address. Mailing addresses containing only a P.O. Box will not be accepted. Until such verification is made, Brinker Capital may temporarily limit any security purchases, including in the Funds. In addition, Brinker Capital may close an account if it is unable to verify a shareholder’s identity. As required by law, Brinker Capital may employ various procedures, such as comparing the information to fraud databases or requesting additional information or documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct. Corporate, trust and other entity accounts require further documentation.

If Brinker Capital does not have a reasonable belief of the identity of an account holder, the account will be rejected or the account holder will not be allowed to perform a transaction in the account until such information is received. The Funds also reserve the right to close the account within five business days if clarifying information/documentation is not received. Accounts may only be opened by persons with a valid social security number or tax identification number and permanent U.S. street address. Any exceptions are reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

How to Sell Shares

All redemption requests accepted by Funds’ transfer agent before 4:00 p.m. Eastern time on any business day will be executed at that day’s share price. Orders accepted after 4:00 p.m. will be executed at the next day’s price. If the NYSE closes early, the Funds may accelerate transaction deadlines accordingly. All redemption orders must be in proper form, which may require a signature guarantee (available from most banks, dealers, brokers, credit unions and federal savings and loan associations, but not from a notary public) to assure the safety of your account.

 

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If you hold Fund shares through an account at an authorized financial institution or intermediary, you should contact your authorized financial institution or intermediary directly for information about how to sell Fund shares. Your financial institution or intermediary may charge a fee for its services.

If an investor discontinues participation in Destinations and/or are no longer an eligible shareholder for the Funds, the investor’s shares in the Funds may be subject to compulsory redemption by the Funds. The Funds have the right to suspend redemptions of shares and to postpone the transmission of redemption proceeds to a shareholder for up to seven days, as permitted by law.

A Fund (or its delegate) may, in its discretion, and upon reasonable notice, redeem in full a shareholder that fails to maintain an investment of at least $5,000 across the Funds.

The Fund may treat a portion of amounts paid to redeem shares as a distribution of investment company taxable income and realized capital gains that are reflected in net asset value. This practice, commonly referred to as “equalization,” has no effect on redeeming shareholders or a fund’s total return, and reduces the amounts that would otherwise be required to be paid as taxable dividends to the remaining shareholders. Because of uncertainties surrounding some of the technical issues relating to computing the amount of equalization, it is possible that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) could challenge the Fund’s equalization methodology or calculations, and any such challenge could result in additional tax, interest, or penalties to be paid by the Fund.

ACCOUNT AND TRANSACTION POLICIES

Payment of Redemption Proceeds. Proceeds will generally be sent no later than seven calendar days after the Funds receive your redemption request. A Fund may suspend your right to redeem your shares for (1) any period (a) during which the NYSE is closed other than customary weekend and holiday closings or (b) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; (2) any period during which the SEC determines that an emergency exists as a result of which (a) disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or (b) it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to determine the value of its net assets; or (3) such other periods as the SEC may by order permit. More information about redeeming shares and the circumstances under which redemptions may be suspended is in the SAI.

For investors in Destinations, redemption proceeds will be deposited in your Destinations account unless you instruct otherwise. The Funds will not be responsible for interest lost on redemption amounts due to lost or misdirected mail. If the proceeds of redemption are requested to be sent to an address other than the address of record, or if the address of record has been changed within 15 days of the redemption request, the request must be in writing with your signature guaranteed.

The Funds intend to pay sale (redemption) proceeds in cash. However, under highly unusual conditions that make the payment of cash unwise and for the protection of the Funds’ remaining shareholders, the Funds might pay all or part of your redemption proceeds in securities with a market value equal to the redemption price (redemption in kind). It is highly unlikely that your shares would ever be redeemed in kind, but if they were, you would have to pay transaction costs to sell the securities distributed to you, as well as taxes on any capital gains from the sale as with any redemption. In addition, you would continue to be subject to the risks of any market fluctuation in the value of the securities you receive in kind until they are sold. A redemption in kind may include illiquid securities. Investors may not be able to sell such securities and may have to hold such securities indefinitely.

Electronic Delivery. It is the Funds’ policy to deliver documents electronically whenever possible. You may choose to receive Fund documents electronically rather than hard copy by signing up for e-delivery for your Destinations account with Brinker Capital at www.destinationsfunds.com.

Unclaimed Property. Your mutual fund account may be transferred to your state of residence if no activity occurs within your account during the “inactivity period” specified in your state’s abandoned property laws.

Payments to Brinker Capital. Every Destinations account pays asset-based fees to Brinker Capital for investment advisory services which varies based on the amount of money in your Destinations account. Please refer to your Destinations account materials for more information about payments to Brinker Capital for investment advisory services related to your Destinations account. These fees and payments are not reflected in the fees and expenses described elsewhere in this Prospectus.

FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES

Frequent purchases and redemptions of a fund’s shares (or “round trips”) may interfere with the efficient management of a Fund’s portfolio by its portfolio managers, increase portfolio transaction costs, and have a negative effect on the fund’s long-term shareholders.

 

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The Board has not adopted policies and procedures to discourage frequent trading or short-term trading into and out of the Funds. In reaching this conclusion, the Board took into account that: (i) shares of the Funds currently are expected to only be sold to clients of Brinker Capital; and (ii) clients of Brinker Capital that invest in the Funds generally will not have discretion to make multiple round trips into and out of the Funds.

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

The Funds distribute their investment income periodically. It is the policy of the Destinations Equity Income and Destinations Multi Strategy Alternative Funds to distribute their investment income quarterly. It is the policy of the Destinations Large Cap Equity, Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity, Destinations International Equity and Destinations Real Assets Funds to distribute their investment income annually. It is the policy of the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Municipal Fixed Income, Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities and Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Funds to distribute their investment income monthly. The Funds will make distributions of any undistributed capital gains earned annually. A Fund may make an additional payment of dividends or other distributions if it deems it to be desirable or necessary at other times during any year.

All distributions will be paid in cash. Generally, distributions are taxable events for shareholders whether the distributions are received in cash or reinvested.

[TAX CONSEQUENCES]

You should always consult your tax advisor for specific guidance regarding the federal, state and local tax effects of your investment in the Funds. The following is a summary of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the Funds. This summary does not apply to shares held in an individual retirement account or other tax-qualified plans, which are generally not subject to current tax. Transactions relating to shares held in such accounts may, however, be taxable at some time in the future.

Each Fund is treated as a separate entity for federal tax purposes, and intends to quality for special tax treatment afforded to regulated investment companies. So long as a Fund meets the requirements for being a tax-qualified regulated investment company (“RIC”), the Fund will pay no federal income tax on the earnings and gains, if any, it distributes to shareholders in a timely manner, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, the Fund will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates (without a deduction for distributions to shareholders). In addition, when distributed, income (including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains) would also be taxable to shareholders as an ordinary dividend to the extent attributable to the Fund’s earnings and profits.

Distributions attributable to short-term capital gains are treated as dividends, taxable as ordinary income. Dividends, including short-term capital gain distributions, and long-term capital gain distributions received by shareholders, other than in a tax-deferred retirement account, are taxable whether received in cash or reinvested in shares. Although dividends are generally taxable as ordinary income, individual shareholders are taxed on such dividends at long-term capital gain rates, currently set at a maximum rate for individuals of 20%, to the extent the dividends are attributable to “qualified dividend income” received by a Fund. “Qualified dividend income” generally consists of dividends received from U.S. corporations (other than dividends from tax-exempt organizations and certain dividends from real estate investment trusts and RICs) and certain foreign corporations. In order for such dividends to be considered “qualified dividend income,” both the shareholders and a Fund must meet certain holding period requirements. Fixed income funds generally do not generate a significant amount of income that is eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income. Long-term capital gain distributions are taxable to you as long-term capital gain regardless of how long you have owned your shares. You may want to avoid buying shares when a Fund is about to declare a capital gain distribution or a taxable dividend, because the amount of the distribution received will be taxable to you even though it may actually be a return of a portion of your investment. This is known as “buying a dividend” and should be avoided by taxable investors.

Dividends paid by the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund that are derived from interest earned on qualifying tax-exempt obligations are expected to be “exempt-interest” dividends that shareholders may exclude from their gross income for regular federal income tax purposes. Some of the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund’s income that is exempt from regular federal income taxation may be subject to the alternative minimum tax. The Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund may at times buy tax-exempt securities at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued, especially during periods of rising interest rates. For federal income tax purposes, some or all of this market discount will be included in the Fund’s ordinary income and will be ordinary income when it is paid to you. The Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund may not be a suitable investment for individual retirement accounts, for other tax-exempt or tax-deferred accounts, or for investors who are not sensitive to the federal income tax consequences of their investments.

In general, redeeming and exchanging shares are taxable events. You will recognize a gain or loss on such transactions equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of your net sales proceeds and your tax basis in the Fund shares. Such gain or loss will be

 

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capital gain or loss if you held your Fund shares as capital assets. Any capital gain or loss will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if you held the Fund shares for more than one year at the time of the sale or exchange, and otherwise as short-term capital gain. Any capital loss arising from the sale or exchange of shares held for six months or less, however, will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of the amount of net long-term capital gain distributions or disallowed to the extent of the amount of exempt interest dividends received with respect to those shares.

After December 31 of each year, each Fund (or its administrative agent) will mail you, or provide Brinker Capital as sponsor of Destinations, reports containing information about the income tax classification of distributions paid during the year. Distributions declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month, but paid in January of the following year, are taxable as if they were paid in December of the previous year. If you do not provide the Funds with your correct taxpayer identification number and any required certifications, you may be subject to backup withholding on your Funds’ distributions, dividends and redemption proceeds.

U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly), are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax that applies to “net investment income,” including interest, dividends and capital gains received from the Funds (as well as capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares of the Funds). “Net investment income” does not include distributions of exempt-interest.

As noted above, investors, out of their own assets, will pay an advisory service fee. For most investors who are individuals, this fee will be treated as a “miscellaneous itemized deduction” for federal income tax purposes. Under current federal income tax law, an individual’s miscellaneous itemized deductions for any taxable year will be allowed as a deduction only to the extent the aggregate of these deductions exceeds 2% of adjusted gross income. Such deductions are also subject to the general limitation on itemized deductions for individuals.

The Funds (or their administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to Fund shareholders the cost basis information for purchases of Fund shares. In addition, the Funds are also required to report whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. For each sale of Fund shares a Fund will permit Fund shareholders to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including average basis. In the absence of an election, the Funds will use the default cost basis method which if applicable, will be provided to you by your financial adviser in a separate communication. The cost basis method elected by the Funds’ shareholder (or the cost basis method applied by default) for each sale of Fund shares may not be changed after the settlement date of each such sale of Fund shares. Fund shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how cost basis reporting applies to them. Shareholders also should carefully review the cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.

A Fund may hold foreign securities and therefore may be subject to foreign withholding taxes with respect to dividends or interest the Fund received from sources in foreign countries. If more than 50% of the total assets of a Fund consist of foreign securities, the Fund will be eligible to elect to treat some of those taxes as a distribution to shareholders, which would allow shareholders to offset some of their U.S. federal income tax. A Fund (or its administrative agent) will notify you if it makes such an election and provide you with the information necessary to reflect foreign taxes paid on your income tax return.

The above discussion is applicable to shareholders who are U.S. persons. If you are a non-U.S. person, please consult your own tax adviser with respect to the tax consequences to you of an investment in a Fund. For further information about the tax effects of holding shares in the Fund, including state and local tax matters, please see the SAI and consult your tax adviser.

Financial Highlights

The Financial Highlights tables are intended to help an investor understand the Funds’ shares financial performance for the period of the Funds’ operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Funds (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, whose report, along with the Funds’ financial statements, are included in the Funds’ annual report, which is available upon request.

As of the date of this Prospectus Class Z Shares of the Funds had not commenced operations. Therefore, there is no financial information available to report for the Class Z Shares at this time.

[INSERT FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS]

 

 

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For More Information

You may visit the Funds’ website at www.destinationsfunds.com for a free copy of this Prospectus, or an annual or semi-annual report, or to request other information.

Annual and Semi-annual Reports

Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. The Funds’ annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during their last fiscal year.

The Trust sends only one report to a household if more than one account has the same address. Contact your financial advisor or the transfer agent if you do not want this policy to apply to you.

Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds and is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference.

Investors can obtain free copies of the annual and semi-annual reports, request the SAI, or request other information and discuss their questions about the Funds by contacting their Financial Advisor. Investors may also obtain free copies of these documents or request other information by calling 1-877-771-7979:

or by writing to the Funds at:

For Regular Mail:

Brinker Capital Destinations Funds

PO Box 2175

Milwaukee WI 53201

Overnight/Certified Mail:

Brinker Capital Destinations Funds

235 W Galena St

Milwaukee WI 53212

or at the Funds’ website at www.destinationsfunds.com.

Information about the Funds (including the SAI) can be reviewed and copied at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Additionally, information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8900. Reports and other information about the Funds are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained for a duplicating fee by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.

If someone makes a statement about the Funds that is not in this Prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither the Funds nor the distributor is offering to sell shares of the Funds to any person to whom the Funds may not lawfully sell their shares.

Investment Company Act File No. 811-23207.

®2018 Brinker Capital


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THE INFORMATION IN THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT IS FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

[June 30], 2018

BRINKER CAPITAL DESTINATIONS TRUST

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

1-877-771-7979

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

Class I Shares (DLCFX)

Class Z Shares (DLCZX)

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

Class I Shares (DSMFX)

Class Z Shares (DSMZX)

Destinations International Equity Fund

Class I Shares (DIEFX)

Class Z Shares (DIEZX)

Destinations Equity Income Fund

Class I Shares (DGEFX)

Class Z Shares (DGEZX)

Destinations Real Assets Fund

Class I Shares (DRAFX)

Class Z Shares (DRAZX)

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

Class I Shares (DCFFX)

Class Z Shares (DCFZX)

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

Class I Shares (DLDFX)

Class Z Shares (DLDZX)

Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund

Class I Shares (DGFFX)

Class Z Shares (DGFZX)

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Class I Shares (DMFFX)

Class Z Shares (DMFZX)

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

Class I Shares (DMSFX)

Class Z Shares (DMSZX)

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) supplements the information contained in the current prospectus (“Prospectus”) of Brinker Capital Destinations Trust (the “Trust”), dated [ ], 2018, and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus. The Prospectus may be obtained by contacting Brinker Capital, Inc., by writing or calling the Trust at the address or telephone number listed above, or on the Internet at: www.destinationsfunds.com. This SAI, although not in itself a prospectus, is incorporated by reference into the Prospectus in its entirety.


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CONTENTS

 

The Trust

     [1

Investment Objectives, Management Policies and Risk Factors

     [1

Investment Restrictions

     [23

Trustees and Officers of the Trust

     [25

Control Persons

     [32

Portfolio Transactions

     [33

Brokerage Commissions Paid

     [34

Portfolio Turnover

     [35

Investment Management and Other Services

     [36

Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     [39

Portfolio Manager Disclosure

     [39

Purchase of Shares

     [67

Redemption of Shares

     [67

Redemptions in Kind

     [67

Class of Shares

     [67

Net Asset Value

     [68

Taxes

     [69

Distributor

     [77

Custodian and Transfer Agent

     [77

Securities Lending Activity

     [77

Appendix A—Ratings of Debt Obligations

     [A-1

Appendix B—Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

     [A-1

Capitalized terms used but not defined in this SAI have the meanings accorded to them in the Prospectus.


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THE TRUST

Brinker Capital Destinations Trust (the “Trust”) was organized as a Delaware statutory trust under the laws of The State of Delaware on October 10, 2016. The Trust is a series company that currently consists of ten funds (individually, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”). Each Fund is a separate series of the Trust, an open-end registered management investment company. Each Fund currently offers two classes of shares designated as Class I shares and Class Z shares.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND RISK FACTORS

Each Fund, other than the Destinations Real Assets Fund, is diversified, which means that, with respect to 75% of its total assets, the Fund will not invest more than 5% of its assets in the securities of any single issuer, nor hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any single issuer (other than, in each case, securities of other investment companies, and securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities). The Destinations Real Assets Fund is a non-diversified fund, which means that the proportion of the Fund’s assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer is not limited by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). The Prospectus discusses the investment objectives of the Funds, which are separate series of the Trust, and the policies to be employed to achieve those objectives. Supplemental information is set out below concerning the types of securities and other instruments in which the Funds may invest, the investment policies and strategies that the Funds may utilize and certain risks attendant to those investments, policies and strategies. The Funds may rely upon the independent advice of its respective Sub-advisers (each a “Sub-adviser,” collectively, the “Sub-advisers”) to evaluate potential investments.

Asset-Backed Securities (“ABS”)

ABS are securities backed by non-mortgage assets such as company receivables, truck and auto loans, leases and credit card receivables. Other types of ABS may be created in the future. ABS are generally issued as pass-through certificates, which represent undivided fractional ownership interests in the underlying pools of assets. ABS may also be debt instruments, which are also known as collateralized obligations and are generally issued as the debt of a special purpose entity, such as a trust, organized solely for the purpose of owning such assets and issuing debt obligations.

ABS may be traded over-the-counter and typically have a short-intermediate maturity structure depending on the paydown characteristics of the underlying financial assets which are passed through to the security holder. ABS are not issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; however, the payment of principal and interest on such obligations may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and, for a certain period, by a letter of credit issued by a financial institution (such as a bank or insurance company) unaffiliated with the issuers of such securities. The purchase of ABS raises risk considerations peculiar to the financing of the instruments underlying such securities.

For example, there is a risk that another party could acquire an interest in the obligations superior to that of the holders of the ABS. There also is the possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be available to support payments on those securities.

ABS may enhance the Funds’ performance; however, investing in ABS involves certain risks beyond those found in other types of mutual fund investments. For the avoidance of doubt, the Funds may invest in excess of these credit and holding limitations.

Collateralized Debt Obligations. The Funds invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which include collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of ABS. A CBO is a trust which is backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans.

For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche that bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since they are partially protected from defaults, senior tranches from a CBO trust or CLO trust or trust of another CDO typically have higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO, CLO or other CDO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO, CLO or other CDO securities as a class.

 

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The risks of an investment in a CBO, CLO or other CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the instrument in which a Fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CBOs, CLOs or other CDOs may be characterized by the Funds as illiquid securities however; an active dealer market may exist for CBOs, CLOs or other CDOs allowing them to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed income securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Prospectus (e.g., interest rate risk and default risk), CBOs, CLOs or other CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the Funds may invest in CBOs, CLOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

Bank Loans Risk

Commercial banks and other financial institutions or institutional investors make corporate loans to companies that need capital to grow or restructure. Borrowers generally pay interest on corporate loans at rates that change in response to changes in market interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the prime rates of U.S. banks. As a result, the value of corporate loan investments is generally less exposed to the adverse effects of shifts in market interest rates than investments that pay a fixed rate of interest. The market for corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads. In addition, transactions in corporate loans may settle on a delayed basis. As a result, the proceeds from the sale of corporate loans may not be readily available to make additional investments or to meet a Fund’s redemption obligations. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, a Fund may hold additional cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks and other lenders. The corporate loans in which a Fund invests are usually rated below investment grade.

Borrowing

The Funds may borrow to the extent permitted under its investment restrictions and such borrowing may create leverage. Leverage increases investment risk as well as investment opportunity. If the income and investment gains on securities purchased with borrowed money exceed the interest paid on the borrowing, the NAV of the Funds’ shares will rise faster than would otherwise be the case. On the other hand, if the income and investment gains fail to cover the cost, including interest, of the borrowings, or if there are losses, the NAV of the Funds’ shares will decrease faster than otherwise would be the case. The Fund may borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. This means that, in general, the Funds may borrow money from banks for (i) any purpose on a secured basis in an amount up to 1/3 of the Funds’ total assets, or (ii) temporary administrative purposes on an unsecured basis in an amount not to exceed 5% of the Funds’ total assets.

Commercial Paper

Commercial paper consists of short-term, promissory notes issued by banks, corporations and other entities to finance short-term credit needs. These securities generally are discounted but sometimes may be interest bearing. Commercial paper, which also may be unsecured, is subject to credit risk.

Currency Transactions

Currency Exchange Rates. A Fund’s share value may change significantly when the currencies, other than the U.S. dollar, in which that Fund’s investments are quoted or denominated, strengthen or weaken against the U.S. dollar. Currency exchange rates generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries as seen from an international perspective. Currency exchange rates can also be affected unpredictably by intervention by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad.

Currency Risks. The value of the securities quoted or denominated in international currencies may be adversely affected by fluctuations in the relative currency exchange rates and by exchange control regulations. A Fund’s investment performance may be negatively affected by a devaluation of a currency in which the Fund’s investments are quoted or denominated. Further, a Fund’s investment performance may be significantly affected, either positively or negatively, by currency exchange rates because the U.S. dollar value of securities quoted or denominated in another currency will increase or decrease in response to changes in the value of such currency in relation to the U.S. dollar.

Cyber Security

As with any entity that conducts business through electronic means in the modern marketplace, the Funds, and their service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized

 

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monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential information, unauthorized access to relevant systems, compromises to networks or devices that the Funds and their service providers use to service the Funds’ operations, operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Funds and their service providers, or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber-attacks affecting the Funds, Brinker Capital, Inc., the Funds’ investment adviser (“Brinker Capital” or the “Adviser”) or any of the Sub-advisers, the Funds’ distributor, custodian, transfer agent, or any other of the Funds’ intermediaries or service providers may adversely impact the Funds and their shareholders, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses or the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Funds’ ability to calculate their NAVs, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject the Funds to regulatory fines or financial losses and/or cause reputational damage. The Funds may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes designed to mitigate or prevent the risk of cyber-attacks. Such costs may be ongoing because threats of cyber-attacks are constantly evolving as cyber-attackers become more sophisticated and their techniques become more complex. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which a Fund may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Funds’ investment in such companies to lose value. There can be no assurance that the Funds, the Funds’ service providers, or the issuers of the securities in which the Funds invest will not suffer losses relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches in the future.

Equity Securities

The equity oriented Funds may invest in all types of equity securities, including exchange-traded and over-the-counter common and preferred stocks, warrants, rights, convertible securities, depositary receipts and shares, trust certificates, limited partnership interests, shares of other investment companies, real estate investment trusts and equity participations.

Common Stock. Common stock is an interest in a company, limited liability company, or similar entity that entitles the holder to a share in the profits of the company, in the form of dividends, and the proceeds from a sale or liquidation of the company.

The interests of common shareholders are the most junior in a corporate structure. This means that in the event of the bankruptcy of the company its creditors and any holders of a preferred class of equity securities are paid before the common stockholders are entitled to receive anything. However, any assets of the company in excess of the amount owed to creditors or preferred stockholders are shared pro-rata among the common stockholders. Common stockholders normally have voting control of the company and are entitled to vote on the election of directors and certain fundamental corporate actions.

Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are preferred stocks or fixed income securities that are convertible at the option of the holder, or in some circumstances at the option of the issuing company, at a stated exchange rate or formula into the company’s common stock or other equity securities. At the time a company sells the convertible securities, the conversion price is normally higher than the market price of the common stock.

A holder of convertible securities will generally receive interest or dividends at a rate lower than comparable debt securities, but the holder has the potential for additional gain if the market value of the common stock exceeds the conversion price. When the market price of the common stock is below the conversion price, convertible securities tend to trade like fixed income securities. If the market price of the common stock is higher than the conversion price, convertible securities tend to trade like the common stock. Convertible securities rank senior to common stocks in an issuer’s capital structure and consequently may be of higher quality and entail less risk than the issuer’s common stock. The price of a convertible security will normally vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of its conversion or exercise feature. However, the value of a convertible security may not increase or decrease as rapidly as the underlying common stock. A convertible security normally also will provide income and is subject to interest rate risk. Convertible securities may be lower-rated securities and are subject to greater levels of credit risk. A Fund may be forced to convert a security before it would otherwise choose which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

Investing in Small and Medium Capitalization Companies. Investing in the equity securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves additional risks compared to investing in large capitalization companies. Compared to large companies, these companies may have more limited product lines and capital resources; have less established markets for their products; have earnings that are more sensitive to changes in the economy, competition and technology; and be more dependent upon key members of management. The market value of the common stock of small and medium capitalization companies may be more volatile, particularly in response to company announcements or industry events, have less active trading markets and be harder to sell at the time and prices that a Sub-adviser considers appropriate.

Non-Publicly Traded Securities. The Funds may invest in non-publicly traded securities, which may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by a Fund. In addition, companies whose securities are not publicly traded are not subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that may be applicable if their securities were publicly traded.

 

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Preferred Stocks. Preferred stocks are equity securities, but they have many characteristics of fixed income securities. Their similarities to fixed income securities generally cause preferred stocks to trade more like debt instruments than common stocks. Thus, the value of preferred stocks reflects the credit risk of the company and the dividend yield on the preferred stocks compared to prevailing interest rates. Preferred stocks are entitled to receive dividends before any dividend is paid to the holders of common stock. The dividend may be at a fixed or variable dividend payment rate, may be payable on fixed dates or at times determined by the company and may be payable in cash, additional shares of preferred stock or other securities. Many preferred stocks are redeemable at the option of the company after a certain date. Holders of preferred stock are also entitled to receive a payment upon the sale or liquidation of a company before any payment is made to the company’s common stockholders. However, preferred stock is an equity security and, therefore, is junior in priority of payment to the company’s creditors in the event of a bankruptcy, including holders of the company’s debt securities. This junior ranking to creditors makes preferred stock riskier than fixed income securities.

Warrants and Stock Purchase Rights. Warrants and stock purchase rights are securities permitting, but not obligating, their holder to purchase other securities, normally the issuer’s common stock. Stock purchase rights are frequently issued as a dividend to a company’s stockholders and represent the right to purchase a fixed number of shares at a fixed or formula price. The price may reflect a discount to the market price. Warrants are generally sold by a company or issuer together with fixed income securities and represent the right to a fixed number of shares of common stock or other securities at a fixed or formula price. The exercise price is normally higher than the market price at the time the company sells the warrant.

Warrants and stock purchase rights do not carry with them the right to receive dividends on or to vote the securities that they entitle their holders to purchase. They also do not entitle the holder to share in the assets of the company during the company’s liquidation. The rights to purchase common stock or other securities conferred by a warrant or stock purchase right may only be exercised on specific dates or for a specific period. Trading in these instruments is affected both by the relationship of the exercise price to the current market price of the common stock or other securities and also by the period remaining until the right or warrant expires. An investment in warrants and stock purchase rights may be considered more speculative than other types of equity investments. A warrant or stock purchase right expires worthless if it is not exercised on or prior to its expiration date.

Fixed Income Securities

The market value of the obligations held by the Funds can be expected to vary inversely to changes in prevailing interest rates. Investors also should recognize that, in periods of declining interest rates, a Fund’s yield will tend to be somewhat higher than prevailing market rates and, in periods of rising interest rates a Fund’s yield will tend to be somewhat lower. Also, when interest rates are falling, the inflow of net new money to the Funds from the continuous sale of their shares will tend to be invested in instruments producing lower yields than the balance of their portfolios, thereby reducing a Fund’s current yield. In periods of rising interest rates, the opposite can be expected to occur. In addition, securities in which the Funds may invest may not yield as high a level of current income as might be achieved by investing in securities with less liquidity, less creditworthiness or longer maturities. Declines in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets.

Certain of the Funds may invest in U.S. government securities, its agencies or government-sponsored enterprises (Note that securities issued by U.S. Government agencies or government-sponsored enterprises may not be guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury), corporate debt securities of U.S. and Non-U.S. issuers, including convertible securities and corporate commercial paper, mortgage-backed and other ABS, inflation-indexed bonds issued by both governments and corporations, structured notes, including hybrid or “indexed” securities, loan participations and assignments, delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities, bank certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits and bankers’ acceptances, repurchase agreements on fixed income instruments and reverse repurchase agreements on fixed income instruments, debt securities issued by states or local governments and their agencies, authorities and other government-sponsored enterprises, and obligations of international agencies or supranational entities.

Brady Bonds. “Brady Bonds” is a term used to refer to fixed income instruments that are issued as part of a debt restructuring in which the bonds are issued in exchange for cash and certain of the country’s outstanding commercial bank loans. Investors should recognize that Brady Bonds do not have a long payment history. Brady Bonds may be collateralized or uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (primarily the U.S. dollar) and are actively traded in the over-the-counter secondary market for debt of Latin American issuers. In light of the history of commercial bank loan defaults by Latin American public and private entities, investments in Brady Bonds may be viewed as speculative and subject to, among other things, the risk of default.

Dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds, which may be fixed rate par bonds or floating rate discount bonds, are collateralized in full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the bonds. Interest payment on these Brady Bonds generally are collateralized by cash or securities in the amount that, in the case of fixed rate bonds, is equal to at least one year of rolling interest payments or, in the case of floating rate bonds, initially is equal to at least one year’s rolling interest payments based on the applicable interest rate at that time and is adjusted at regular intervals thereafter.

 

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Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; the collateralized interest payments; the uncollateralized interest payments; and any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized amounts constituting the “residual risk”).

Corporate Debt Securities. Corporate debt securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligation and may also be subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity. When interest rates rise, the value of corporate debt securities can be expected to decline. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rate movements than those with shorter maturities.

A Fund’s investments in U.S. dollar or foreign currency-denominated corporate debt securities of domestic or foreign issuers are limited to corporate debt securities (corporate bonds, debentures, notes and other similar corporate debt instruments, including convertible securities) which meet the minimum ratings criteria set forth for the Funds, or, if unrated, are in the Sub-adviser’s opinion comparable in quality to corporate debt securities in which the Funds may invest.

Corporate income-producing securities may include forms of preferred or preference stock. The rate of interest on a corporate debt security may be fixed, floating or variable, and may vary inversely with respect to a reference rate. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies. Debt securities may be acquired with warrants attached.

Securities rated Baa and BBB are the lowest which are considered “investment grade” obligations. Moody’s describes securities rated Baa as “medium-grade” obligations; they are “neither highly protected nor poorly secured ... [i]nterest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.” S&P describes securities rated BBB as “regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal ... [w]hereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal... than in higher rated categories.”

Debt Securities Rating Criteria. Investment grade debt securities are those rated “BBB” or higher by the Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”), “Baa” or higher by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), the equivalent rating of other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) or determined to be of equivalent credit quality by the Sub-adviser. Debt securities rated BBB are considered medium grade obligations. Adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances may weaken the issuer’s ability to pay interest and repay principal.

Below investment grade debt securities are those rated “BB” and below by S&P, Moody’s or the equivalent rating of other NRSROs. Below investment grade debt securities or comparable unrated securities are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are considered predominantly speculative and may be questionable as to capacity to make principal and interest payments. Changes in economic conditions are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make principal payments and interest payments. The amount of junk bond securities outstanding has proliferated as an increasing number of issuers have used junk bonds for corporate financing. An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of highly leveraged issuers to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity. Factors having an adverse impact on the market value of lower quality securities will have an adverse effect on a Fund’s NAV to the extent it invests in such securities. In addition, the Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent they are required to seek recovery upon a default in payment of principal or interest on their portfolio holdings.

The secondary market for junk bond securities, which is concentrated in relatively few market makers, may not be as liquid as the secondary market for more highly rated securities, a factor which may have an adverse effect on a Fund’s ability to dispose of a particular security when necessary to meet its liquidity needs. Under adverse market or economic conditions, the secondary market for junk bond securities could contract further, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer. As a result, a Fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities or may be able to sell the securities only at prices lower than if such securities were widely traded. Prices realized upon the sale of such lower rated or unrated securities, under these circumstances, may be less than the prices used in calculating a Fund’s NAV.

Since investors generally perceive that there are greater risks associated with lower quality debt securities of the type in which a Fund may invest a portion of its assets, the yields and prices of such securities may tend to fluctuate more than those for higher rated securities. In the lower quality segments of the debt securities market, changes in perceptions of issuers’ creditworthiness tend to occur more frequently and in a more pronounced manner than do changes in higher quality segments of the debt securities market, resulting in greater yield and price volatility.

 

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Lower rated and comparable unrated debt securities tend to offer higher yields than higher rated securities with the same maturities because the historical financial condition of the issuers of such securities may not have been as strong as that of other issuers. However, lower rated securities generally involve greater risks of loss of income and principal than higher rated securities. The Sub-advisers will attempt to reduce these risks through portfolio diversification and by analysis of each issuer and its ability to make timely payments of income and principal, as well as broad economic trends and corporate developments.

The definitions of the ratings of debt obligations may be found in Appendix A following this SAI.

High Yield Securities. The Funds may invest in medium or lower rated securities and unrated securities of comparable quality, sometimes referred to as “junk bonds.” Generally, such securities offer a higher current yield than is offered by higher rated securities, but also (i) will likely have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of the rating organizations, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions and (ii) are predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations.

The market values of certain of these securities also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than higher quality bonds. In addition, medium and lower rated securities and comparable unrated securities generally present a higher degree of credit risk. The risk of loss because of default by these issuers is significantly greater because medium and lower rated securities generally are unsecured and frequently subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. In light of these risks, the Board has instructed the Sub-advisers, in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issue, whether rated or unrated, to take various factors into consideration, which may include, as applicable, the issuer’s financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, the operating history of and the community support for the facility financed by the issue, and the ability of the issuer’s management and regulatory matters.

In addition, the market value of securities in lower rated categories is more volatile than that of higher quality securities, and the markets in which medium and lower rated securities are traded are more limited than those in which higher rated securities are traded. The existence of limited markets may make it more difficult for a Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing its securities and calculating its NAV. Moreover, the lack of a liquid trading market may restrict the availability of securities for the Funds to purchase and may also have the effect of limiting the ability of the Funds to sell securities at their fair value either to meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or the financial markets.

Lower rated debt obligations also present risks based on payment expectations. If an issuer calls the obligation for redemption, a Fund may have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Also, the principal value of bonds moves inversely with movements in interest rates; in the event of rising interest rates, the value of the securities held by the Funds may decline more than a portfolio consisting of higher rated securities. If the Funds experience unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to sell its higher rated bonds, resulting in a decline in the overall credit quality of the securities held by the Funds and increasing the exposure of the Funds to the risks of lower rated securities. Investments in zero coupon bonds may be more speculative and subject to greater fluctuations in value because of changes in interest rates than bonds that pay interest currently.

Subsequent to its purchase by a Fund, an issue of securities may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase by the Funds. Neither event will require sale of these securities by the Funds, but the Sub-adviser will consider the event in determining whether the Funds should continue to hold the security.

Loan Participations. The Funds may invest in fixed and floating rate loans (“Loans”) arranged through private negotiations between a borrowing corporation, government or other entity (“Borrower”) and one or more financial institutions (“Lenders”) in the form of participations in Loans (“Participations”). Participations typically will result in the Funds having a contractual relationship only with the Lender, not with the Borrower. A Fund will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the Lender selling the Participation and only upon receipt by the Lender of the payments from the Borrower. In connection with purchasing Participations, a Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the Borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the Loan, nor any rights of set off against the Borrower, and the Funds may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the Loan in which it has purchased the Participation. As a result, the Funds will assume the credit risk of both the Borrower and the Lender that is selling the Participation. In the event of the insolvency of the Lender selling a Participation, the Funds may be treated as a general creditor of the Lender and may not benefit from any set off between the Lender and the Borrower. The Funds will acquire Participations only if the Lender interpositioned between the Funds and the Borrower is determined by the applicable Sub-adviser to be creditworthy.

There are risks involved in investing in Participations. The Funds may have difficulty disposing of them because there is no liquid market for such securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market will have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and on a Fund’s ability to dispose of particular Participations when necessary to meet the Fund’s liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the Borrower. The lack of a liquid market for Participations also may make it more difficult for a Fund to assign a value to these securities for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its NAV.

 

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Ratings as Investment Criteria. In general, the ratings of an NRSRO such as Moody’s and S&P represent the opinions of those agencies as to the quality of debt obligations that they rate. It should be emphasized, however, that these ratings are relative and subjective, are not absolute standards of quality and do not evaluate the market risk of securities. These ratings will be used by the Funds as initial criteria for the selection of portfolio securities, but the Funds also will rely upon the independent advice of their Sub-advisers to evaluate potential investments. Among the factors that will be considered are the long term ability of the issuer to pay principal and interest and general economic trends.

Subsequent to its purchase by a Fund, an issue of debt obligations may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase by that Fund. Neither event will require the sale of the debt obligation by a Fund, but the Fund’s Sub-advisers will consider the event in their determination of whether the Fund should continue to hold the obligation. In addition, to the extent that the ratings change as a result of changes in rating organizations or their rating systems or owing to a corporate restructuring of an NRSRO, a Fund will attempt to use comparable ratings as standards for its investments in accordance with its investment objectives and policies.

Trust Preferred Securities. The fixed income oriented Funds may invest in “trust preferred securities,” or “capital notes.” Trust preferred securities or capital notes are convertible preferred shares issued by a trust where proceeds from the sale are used to purchase convertible subordinated debt from the issuer. The convertible subordinated debt is the sole asset of the trust. The coupon from the issuer to the trust exactly mirrors the preferred dividend paid by the trust. Upon conversion by the investors, the trust in turn converts the convertible debentures and passes through the shares to the investors.

Variable and Floating Rate Securities. The Funds may invest in variable and floating rate securities. Variable and floating rate securities provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the obligations. The terms of such obligations provide that interest rates are adjusted periodically based upon an interest rate adjustment index as provided in the respective obligations. The adjustment intervals may be regular, and range from daily up to annually, or may be event based, such as based on a change in the prime rate.

The Funds may invest in floating rate debt instruments (“floaters”) and engage in credit spread trades. The interest rate on a floater is a variable rate which is tied to another interest rate, such as a money-market index or Treasury bill rate. The interest rate on a floater resets periodically, typically every six months. While, because of the interest rate reset feature, floaters provide the Fund with a certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates, the Funds will participate in any declines in interest rates as well. A credit spread trade is an investment position relating to a difference in the prices or interest rates of two securities or currencies, where the value of the investment position is determined by movements in the difference between the prices or interest rates, as the case may be, of the respective securities or currencies.

The Funds may also invest in inverse floating rate debt instruments (“inverse floaters”). The interest rate on an inverse floater resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is indexed. An inverse floating rate security may exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation of similar credit quality.

Variable rate demand notes (“VRDNs”) are obligations issued by corporate or governmental entities which contain a floating or variable interest rate adjustment formula and an unconditional right of demand to receive payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest upon a short notice period not to exceed seven days. The interest rates are adjustable at intervals ranging from daily to up to every six months to some prevailing market rate for similar investments, such adjustment formula being calculated to maintain the market value of the VRDN at approximately the par value of the VRDN upon the adjustment date. The adjustments are typically based upon the prime rate of a bank or some other appropriate interest rate adjustment index.

Master demand notes are notes which provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid (usually tied to the Treasury bill auction rate) and permit daily changes in the principal amount borrowed. While there may be no active secondary market with respect to a particular VRDN purchased by the Fund, the Fund may, upon the notice specified in the note, demand payment of the principal of and accrued interest on the note at any time and may resell the note at any time to a third-party.

The absence of such an active secondary market, however, could make it difficult for the Funds to dispose of the VRDN involved in the event the issuer of the note defaulted on its payment obligations, and the Funds could, for this or other reasons, suffer a loss to the extent of the default.

Foreign Issuers

ADRs, EDRs and GDRs. The Funds may purchase American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) or other securities representing underlying shares of foreign companies. ADRs are publicly traded on exchanges or over-the-counter in the U.S. and are issued through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” arrangements. In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depository’s transaction fees, whereas

 

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under an unsponsored arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes no obligation and the depository’s transaction fees are paid by the ADR holders. In addition, less information is available in the U.S. about an unsponsored ADR than about a sponsored ADR, and the financial information about a company may not be as reliable for an unsponsored ADR as it is for a sponsored ADR. A Fund may invest in ADRs through both sponsored and unsponsored arrangements.

Custody Services and Related Investment Costs. Custody services and other costs relating to investment in international securities markets generally are more expensive than in the U.S. Such markets have settlement and clearance procedures that differ from those in the U.S. In certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. The inability of a Fund to make intended securities purchases because of settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of a portfolio security caused by settlement problems could result either in losses to a Fund because of a subsequent decline in value of the portfolio security or could result in possible liability to the Fund. In addition, security settlement and clearance procedures in some emerging countries may not fully protect a Fund against loss or theft of its assets.

Economic, Political and Social Factors. Certain non-U.S. countries, including emerging markets, may be subject to a greater degree of economic, political and social instability than is the case in the U.S. and Western European countries. Such instability may result from, among other things: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision making; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved economic, political and social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; and (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection and conflict. Such economic, political and social instability could significantly disrupt the financial markets in such countries and the ability of the issuers in such countries to repay their obligations. Investing in emerging countries also involves the risk of expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested. In the event of such expropriation, nationalization or other confiscation in any emerging country, a Fund could lose its entire investment in that country.

Certain emerging market countries restrict or control foreign investment in their securities markets to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund’s investment in those markets and may increase the expenses of the Fund. In addition, the repatriation of both investment income and capital from certain markets in the region is subject to restrictions such as the need for certain governmental consents. Even where there is no outright restriction on repatriation of capital, the mechanics of repatriation may affect certain aspects of a Fund’s operation.

Economies in individual non-U.S. countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rates of inflation, currency valuation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments positions. Many non-U.S. countries have experienced substantial, and in some cases extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, very negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging countries.

Economies in emerging countries generally are dependent heavily upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been, and may continue to be, affected adversely by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.

Eurodollar Instruments and Yankee Bonds. The Funds may invest in Eurodollar certificates of deposit (“ECDs”), Eurodollar bonds and Yankee bonds. Eurodollar instruments are bonds of corporate and government issuers that pay interest and principal in U.S. dollars but are issued in markets outside the U.S., primarily in Europe. Yankee bonds are bonds of foreign governments and their agencies and foreign banks and corporations that pay interest in U.S. dollars and are typically issued in the U.S. ECDs are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by foreign branches of domestic banks.

Foreign Securities. The Funds may invest in the securities of non-U.S. issuers. Funds that invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies may engage in foreign currency transactions on a spot (cash) basis, and enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts and invest in foreign currency futures contracts and options on foreign currencies and futures. A forward foreign currency exchange contract, which involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract, reduces a Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will deliver and increases its exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will receive for the duration of the contract. The effect on the value of a Fund is similar to selling securities denominated in one currency and purchasing securities denominated in another currency. A contract to sell foreign currency would limit any potential gain which might be realized if the value of the hedged currency increases. A Fund may enter into these contracts to hedge against foreign exchange risk, to increase exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another. Suitable hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that a Fund will engage in such transactions at any given time or from time to time. Also, such transactions may not be successful and may eliminate any chance for a Fund to benefit from favorable fluctuations in relevant foreign currencies. A Fund may use one currency (or a basket of currencies) to hedge against adverse changes in the value of another currency (or a basket of currencies) when exchange rates between the two currencies are positively correlated. A Fund will segregate assets determined to be liquid by its Sub-adviser to cover its obligations under forward foreign currency exchange contracts entered into for non-hedging purposes.

 

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Frontier Markets. “Frontier market countries” are a subset of emerging market countries with even smaller national economies, so these risks may be magnified further. Frontier market countries may also be more affected by government activities than more developed countries. For example, the governments of frontier market countries may exercise substantial influence within the private sector or subject investments to government approval, and governments of other countries may impose or negotiate trade barriers, exchange controls, adjustments to relative currency values and other measures that adversely affect a frontier market country. Governments of other countries may also impose sanctions or embargoes on frontier market countries.

Foreign Securities Markets and Regulations. There may be less publicly available information about non-U.S. markets and issuers than is available with respect to U.S. securities and issuers. Non-U.S. companies generally are not subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. The trading markets for most non-U.S. securities are generally less liquid and subject to greater price volatility than the markets for comparable securities in the U.S. The markets for securities in certain emerging markets are in the earliest stages of their development. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in certain non-U.S. markets, including emerging countries, may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the U.S. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity.

The less liquid a market, the more difficult it may be for a Fund to accurately price its portfolio securities or to dispose of such securities at the times determined by the Sub-adviser to be appropriate. The risks associated with reduced liquidity may be particularly acute in situations in which a Fund’s operations require cash, such as in order to meet redemptions and to pay its expenses.

Risks of Non-U.S. Investments. To the extent a Fund invests in the securities of non-U.S. issuers, those investments involve considerations and risks not typically associated with investing in the securities of issuers in the U.S. These risks are heightened with respect to investments in countries with emerging markets and economies. The risks of investing in securities of non-U.S. issuers or issuers with significant exposure to non-U.S. markets may be related, among other things, to: (i) differences in size, liquidity and volatility of, and the degree and manner of regulation of, the securities markets of certain non-U.S. markets compared to the securities markets in the U.S.; (ii) economic, political and social factors; and (iii) foreign exchange matters, such as restrictions on the repatriation of capital, fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which a Fund’s portfolio securities are quoted or denominated, exchange control regulations and costs associated with currency exchange. The political and economic structures in certain non-U.S. countries, particularly emerging markets, are expected to undergo significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries.

Unanticipated political or social developments may affect the values of a Fund’s investments in such countries. The economies and securities and currency markets of many emerging markets have experienced significant disruption and declines. There can be no assurances that these economic and market disruptions will not continue.

Supranational Entities. The Funds are subject to the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“IRC”), and each Fund is limited to investing up to 25% of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer, which includes the debt securities issued by supranational organizations such as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (“World Bank”), which was chartered to finance development projects in developing member countries; and the Asian Development Bank, which is an international development bank established to lend funds, promote investment and provide technical assistance to member nations in the Asian and Pacific regions. As supranational entities do not possess taxing authority, they are dependent upon their members’ continued support in order to meet interest and principal payments.

Withholding and Other Taxes. The Funds may be subject to taxes, including withholding taxes imposed by certain non-U.S. countries on income (possibly including, in some cases, capital gains) earned with respect to a Fund’s investments in such countries. These taxes will reduce the return achieved by a Fund. Treaties between the U.S. and such countries may reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.

Derivatives

Overview

The Funds may enter into a variety of derivatives as means to hedge its exposure to a number of risks associated with its investment strategies or otherwise implement its investment strategies. The derivatives markets consist of, among other things, (a) futures contracts and options on such futures (both of which trade exclusively on regulated futures exchanges), (b) swaps and other derivatives traded on regulated swap execution and trading facilities and privately-negotiated bilateral derivatives contracts and

 

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(c) certain securities or securities with embedded derivatives, such as options or hybrid securities (some of which may be traded on regulated securities exchanges). Transactions other than exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded options or securities are sometimes referred to as “OTC” derivatives. Derivatives contracts are available with respect to a variety of asset classes including, for example, foreign exchange, interest rates, credit, equity and commodities.

Most OTC derivatives entered into by a Fund would calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis.” Consequently, the Fund’s current obligations (or rights) under an OTC derivative will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (“net amount”). A Fund’s current obligations under an OTC derivative will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a counterparty will be covered by the segregation of assets determined to be liquid by the Sub-adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board, to avoid any potential leveraging of the Fund’s portfolio. Obligations under OTC derivatives so covered will not be construed to be “senior securities” for purposes of a Fund’s investment restriction concerning senior securities. A Fund will not enter into an OTC derivative with any single party if the net amount owed or to be received under existing contracts with that party would exceed 5% of the Fund’s total assets. For purposes of applying a Fund’s investment policies and restrictions, OTC derivatives are generally valued by a Fund at market value.

Whether a Fund’s use of derivatives will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend on the Sub-adviser(s) ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Because derivatives are often bilateral contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, they may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, in the context of a bilateral OTC derivative, a Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap counterparty. Therefore, a Fund will enter into bilateral OTC derivatives only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness (generally, such counterparties would have to be eligible counterparties under the terms of the Fund’s repurchase agreement guidelines). Certain restrictions imposed on a Fund by the IRC may also limit the Fund’s ability to use swaps.

Regulation of OTC Derivatives

In an attempt to reduce systemic and counterparty risks associated with OTC derivatives transactions, the Dodd-Frank Act and other non-U.S. regulatory schemes which are currently being implemented impose significant new regulations on the OTC derivatives markets and, among other things, will require that a substantial portion of standardized OTC derivatives must be submitted for clearing to regulated clearinghouses and executed on regulated trading facilities. Such OTC derivatives submitted for clearing will be subject to minimum initial and variation margin requirements set by the relevant clearinghouse. In addition, the regulators have broad discretion to impose margin requirements on certain OTC derivatives that are not centrally cleared, and regulations imposing such requirements have been proposed. The requirements for clearing and margin are likely to cause an increase in the costs of transacting in OTC derivatives.

On November 16, 2012, the Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) issued a determination (“Determination”) that both foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards should not be regulated under the CEA and therefore should be exempted from the definition of “swap” under the CEA. Accordingly, foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards are exempt from the trade execution, mandatory clearing and margin requirements under the Dodd-Frank Act. However, many commonly used foreign exchange derivatives, including foreign currency options, foreign exchange swaps and non-deliverable forward foreign exchange contracts (“NDFs”) are not exempt from the definition of “swap” and therefore are subject to these regulations. While there is currently no requirement that NDFs be centrally cleared, it is expected that such clearing will be mandated by the CFTC in the future. In addition, under the proposed margin rules for uncleared swaps issued by the CFTC and five prudential regulators and the international framework for margin requirements on uncleared swaps finalized by the Basel Committee of Banking Supervision and the International Organization of Securities Commission in September 2013, it is expected that margin requirements may be mandated for NDFs, which could increase the cost of using NDFs which could in turn increase the cost of hedging foreign exchange risks.

Although certain limited exemptions from the clearing and margin requirements may be available to Funds, the OTC derivative dealers with which the Fund may execute the majority of its OTC derivatives may not be able to rely on such exemptions with respect to their hedging activities, and the increased costs that may be borne by the dealers may be passed through to their counterparties, such as the Fund, in the form of higher fees and less favorable dealer marks. As a result of these factors, it may become more difficult and costly for investment funds, including the Fund, to enter into highly tailored or customized transactions. They may also render certain strategies in which the Fund might otherwise engage impossible or so costly that they will no longer be economical to implement.

Absent an exemption, certain OTC derivatives market participants subject to U.S. regulations may be required to register in specified capacities with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission or the Securities Exchange Commission (e.g., as a swap dealer, securities-based swap dealer, major swap participant, major securities-based swap participant, futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, commodity trading advisor, etc.). It is possible that, in the future, the Fund and/or the Manager may be required to register with a regulator in one or more of these capacities and will become subject to applicable regulatory requirements. Such dealers and major participants with whom the Fund may trade will be subject to minimum capital and margin requirements, and

 

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these requirements may apply irrespective of whether the OTC derivatives in question are exchange-traded or cleared. Swap dealers are subject to certain external and internal business conduct standards, disclosure requirements, reporting and recordkeeping requirements, transparency requirements, position limits, limitations on conflicts of interest, and other regulatory requirements. These requirements may increase the overall costs for OTC derivative dealers, which may be passed along, at least partially, to market participants such as the Fund in the form of higher fees or less advantageous dealer marks.

Although the Dodd-Frank Act will require many OTC derivative transactions previously entered into on a principal-to-principal basis to be submitted for clearing by a regulated clearing house, certain of the derivatives that may be traded by the Fund may remain principal-to-principal or OTC contracts between the Fund and third parties entered into privately. The risk of counterparty non-performance can be significant in the case of these OTC instruments, and “bid-ask” spreads may be unusually wide in these unregulated markets. To the extent not mitigated by implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act, if at all, the risks posed by such instruments and techniques, which can be complex, may include: (1) credit risks (the exposure to the possibility of loss resulting from a counterparty’s failure to meet its financial obligations); (2) market risk (adverse movements in the price of a financial asset or commodity); (3) legal risks (the characterization of a transaction or a party’s legal capacity to enter into it could render the financial contract unenforceable, and the insolvency or bankruptcy of a counterparty could pre-empt otherwise enforceable contract rights); (4) operational risk (inadequate controls, deficient procedures, human error, system failure or fraud); (5) documentation risk (exposure to losses resulting from inadequate documentation); (6) liquidity risk (exposure to losses created by inability to prematurely terminate the derivative); (7) systemic risk (the risk that financial difficulties in one institution or a major market disruption will cause uncontrollable financial harm to the financial system); (8) concentration risk (exposure to losses from the concentration of closely related risks such as exposure to a particular industry or exposure linked to a particular entity); and (9) settlement risk (the risk faced when one party to a transaction has performed its obligations under a contract but has not yet received value from its counterparty).

The full impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and global regulation of OTC Derivatives on the Fund remains uncertain, and it is unclear how the OTC derivatives markets will ultimately adapt to this new regulatory regime.

Credit Default Swaps

Credit default swaps are a mechanism to either purchase or sell default protection. As a purchaser of a credit default swap, the Fund pays a premium to enter into an arrangement that protects a portfolio security in the event of a default with respect to the issuer of that security. As a seller of a credit default swap, the Fund collects a premium for selling protection. Consequently, credit default swaps may be used to obtain credit default protection or enhance portfolio income. The Fund may enter into these transactions to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its assets, as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. The Fund may also use these transactions for speculative purposes, such as to obtain the price performance of a security without actually purchasing the security in circumstances where, for example, the subject security is illiquid, is unavailable for direct investment or available only on less attractive terms. Although certain index credit default swaps are currently subject to mandatory clearing, single name and certain other index credit default swaps are still transacted in the bilateral OTC derivatives market. As discussed above, swaps have risks associated with them, including the possible default by the counterparty to the transaction, illiquidity and, where swaps are used as hedges, the risk that the use of a swap could result in losses greater than if the swap had not been employed.

For purposes of applying a Fund’s investment policies and restrictions, swap agreements are generally valued by a Fund at market value. In the case of a credit default swap, however, in applying certain of the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions a Fund will value the swap at its notional amount or its full exposure value (i.e., the sum of the notional amount for the contract plus the market value), but may value the credit default swap at market value for purposes of applying certain of the Fund’s other investment policies and restrictions. For example, a Fund may value credit default swaps at full exposure value for purposes of the Fund’s credit quality guidelines because such value reflects the Fund’s actual economic exposure during the term of the credit default swap agreement. In this context, both the notional amount and the market value may be positive or negative depending on whether the Fund is selling or buying protection through the credit default swap. The manner in which certain securities or other instruments are valued by a Fund for purposes of applying investment policies and restrictions may differ from the manner in which those investments are valued by other types of investors.

Foreign Exchange Contracts

The Funds may invest in securities quoted or denominated in foreign currencies and may hold currencies to meet settlement requirements for foreign securities. To protect against uncertainty in the level of future exchange rates between a particular foreign currency and the U.S. dollar or between foreign currencies, the Fund may engage in different types of foreign exchange transactions (collectively, “Foreign Exchange Contracts”) including, for example, forward foreign exchange contracts, non-deliverable forward exchange transactions, foreign exchange swaps, foreign exchange options, foreign exchange futures transactions and options on foreign exchange futures transactions. Each of these transaction types is described below. The amount the Fund may invest in Foreign Exchange Contracts is limited to the amount of the Fund’s aggregate investments in foreign currencies.

 

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Generally, forward foreign exchange contracts are privately-negotiated bilateral agreements solely involving the exchange of 2 different currencies on a specific future date at a fixed exchange rate agreed upon at the inception of the transaction. They are distinguishable from so-called non-deliverable forward foreign exchange contracts which are discussed further below. Typically, forward foreign exchange contracts (i) are traded in an interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (typically commercial banks or other financial institutions) and their customers, (ii) generally have no deposit requirements and (iii) are consummated without payment of any commissions. The Fund, however, may enter into forward foreign exchange contracts requiring deposits and/or commissions. In fact, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System has implemented supervisory guidance to the effect that federally regulated banks must collect variation margin payments from certain types of financial institutions which may include the Fund in connection with forward foreign exchange contracts. There currently is no central clearing system for such forward foreign exchange contracts entered into on this market and, accordingly, if a Fund wishes to ‘close out’ any such contracts entered into on this market before the specified date, it will be reliant upon the agreement of the relevant counterparty.

At or before the maturity of a forward foreign exchange contract, a Fund may either sell a portfolio security denominated in the same currency as its obligations under the forward foreign exchange contract and use the proceeds of such sale to make delivery under the forward foreign exchange contract or retain the security and offset its obligation to deliver the currency under the forward foreign exchange contract by purchasing a second contract pursuant to which the Fund will obtain, on the same maturity date, the same amount of the currency that it is obligated to deliver. If the Fund retains the portfolio security and engages in an offsetting transaction, the Fund, at the time of execution of the offsetting transaction, will incur a gain or a loss to the extent movement has occurred in forward currency contract prices during the period between the Fund’s entering into the original forward foreign exchange contract and entering into the offsetting contract. Should forward prices decline during this period, the Fund will realize a gain to the extent the price of the currency it has agreed to sell exceeds the price of the currency it has agreed to purchase. Should forward prices increase, the Fund will suffer a loss to the extent the price of the currency it has agreed to purchase exceeds the price of the currency it has agreed to sell.

There are a number of risks associated with entering into forward foreign exchange contracts. These may include settlement risk, which is the risk of loss when one party to the forward foreign exchange contract delivers the currency it sold but does not receive the corresponding amount of the currency it bought. Although many forward foreign exchange transactions mitigate this risk through the use of a payment-versus-payment (“PVP”) settlement arrangement (such as settling trades through CLS Bank International or an escrow arrangement), there is no assurance that all forward foreign exchange transactions entered into by a Fund will be subject to such a PVP arrangement and, therefore, they may be subject to settlement risk. In addition, the market for forward foreign exchange contracts may be limited with respect to certain currencies such that, upon a contract’s maturity, a Fund may be unable to negotiate with the dealer to enter into an offsetting transaction. Moreover, there can be no assurance that an active forward foreign exchange contract market will always exist. Another risk associated with forward foreign exchange contracts is that the correlation between movements in the prices of those contracts and movements in the price of the underlying currency hedged or used for cover may not be perfect. These factors may restrict a Fund’s ability to successfully hedge against the risk of devaluation of currencies in which the Fund holds a substantial quantity of securities and are unrelated to the qualitative rating that may be assigned to any particular security. In addition, although forward foreign exchange contracts may mitigate the risk of loss resulting from a decline in the value of a hedged currency, they may also limit the potential gain that might result should from an increase in the value of the hedged currency. If a currency devaluation is generally anticipated, a Fund may not be able to contract to sell currency at a price above the devaluation level it anticipates.

The successful use of forward foreign exchange contracts as a hedging technique draws upon special skills and experience with respect to these instruments and usually depends on the ability of the Fund’s Sub-adviser to forecast interest rate and currency exchange rate movements correctly. Should interest or exchange rates move in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of forward foreign exchange contracts or may realize losses and thus be in a worse position than if those strategies had not been used. Many forward foreign exchange contracts are subject to no daily price fluctuation limits so adverse market movements could continue with respect to those contracts to an unlimited extent over a period of time.

To assure that a Fund’s forward foreign exchange contracts are not used to achieve investment leverage, the Fund will segregate cash or high grade securities with its custodian in an amount at all times equal to or exceeding the Fund’s commitment with respect to these contracts.

A non-deliverable forward foreign exchange contract or “NDF” generally is similar to a forward foreign exchange contract, except that at maturity the NDF does not require physical delivery of currencies; rather, an NDF typically is settled in U.S. dollars or another reserve currency. One of the currencies involved in the transaction, usually an emerging market currency, may be subject to capital controls or similar restrictions, and is therefore said to be ‘‘nondeliverable’’. Thus, under an NDF, the transaction terms provide for the payment of a net cash settlement amount on the settlement date in lieu of delivery of the notional amounts of the bought currency and the sold currency. The cash settlement amount is determined by converting the notional amount of one of the currencies (the “reference currency”) into the other currency (the “settlement currency”) at a spot foreign exchange rate that is observed on a pre-agreed pricing source or determined using another pre-agreed method (such source or method, the “settlement rate option”) on a date

 

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(a “valuation date”) prior to the settlement date, and netting the currency amounts so that a single net payment in the settlement currency is made on the settlement date by the party owing the excess. In some NDFs, each of the bought currency and the sold currency is converted into a third currency that serves as the settlement currency. In either case, under an NDF no payment or account transfer takes place in the reference currency.

Futures and Options on Futures

The Funds may enter into futures contracts and purchase and write (sell) options on futures contracts, including but not limited to interest rate, securities index and foreign currency futures contracts and put and call options on these futures contracts. These contracts will be entered into only upon the concurrence of the Sub-adviser that such contracts are necessary or appropriate in the management of a Fund’s assets. These contracts will be entered into on exchanges designated by the CFTC or, consistent with CFTC regulations, on foreign exchanges. These transactions may be entered into for bona fide hedging and other permissible risk management purposes including protecting against anticipated changes in the value of securities a Fund intends to purchase.

The Fund may buy and sell index futures contracts with respect to any index traded on a recognized exchange or board of trade. An index futures contract is a bilateral agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to a specified dollar amount times the difference between the index value at the close of trading of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the securities comprising the index is made. Instead, settlement in cash must occur upon the termination of the contract, with the settlement being the difference between the contract price, and the actual level of the stock index at the expiration of the contract. Generally, contracts are closed out prior to the expiration date of the contract.

All futures and options on futures positions will be covered by owning the underlying security or segregation of assets. With respect to long positions in a futures contract or option (e.g., futures contracts to purchase the underlying instrument and call options purchased or put options written on these futures contracts or instruments), the underlying value of the futures contract at all times will be covered by liquid assets segregated on the Fund’s assets.

A Fund may lose the expected benefit of these futures or options transactions and may incur losses if the prices of the underlying securities or commodities move in an unanticipated manner. In addition, changes in the value of a Fund’s futures and options positions may not prove to be perfectly or even highly correlated with changes in the value of its portfolio securities. Successful use of futures and related options is subject to a Sub-adviser’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the securities markets generally, which ability may require different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. Moreover, futures and options contracts may only be closed out by entering into offsetting transactions on the exchange where the position was entered into (or a linked exchange), and as a result of daily price fluctuation limits there can be no assurance that an offsetting transaction could be entered into at an advantageous price at any particular time. Consequently, a Fund may realize a loss on a futures contract or option that is not offset by an increase in the value of its portfolio securities that are being hedged or the Fund may not be able to close a futures or options position without incurring a loss in the event of adverse price movements.

A Fund will incur brokerage costs whether or not its hedging is successful and will be required to post and maintain “margin” as a good-faith deposit against performance of its obligations under futures contracts and under options written by the Fund. Futures and options positions are marked to the market daily and a Fund may be required to make subsequent “variation” margin payments depending upon whether its positions increase or decrease in value. In this context margin payments involve no borrowing on the part of a Fund.

After an option is purchased, it may suffer a total loss of premium (plus transaction costs) if that option expires without being exercised. An option’s time value (i.e., the component of the option’s value at any time that exceeds the in-the-money amount as of such time) tends to diminish over time. Even though an option may be in-the-money to the purchaser at various times prior to its expiration date, the purchaser’s ability to realize the value of an option depends on when and how the option may be exercised. For example, the terms of a transaction may provide for the option to be exercised automatically if it is in-the-money on the expiration date. Conversely, the terms may require timely delivery of a notice of exercise, and exercise may be subject to other conditions (such as the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events, such as knock-in, knock-out or other barrier events) and timing requirements, including the “style” of the option.

Options on Securities and Securities Indices

The Funds may purchase put and call options on any security in which it may invest or options on any securities index based on securities in which it may invest. A Fund would also be able to enter into closing sale transactions in order to realize gains or minimize losses on options it has purchased.

 

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Purchasing Call and Put Options. The Funds will normally purchase call options in anticipation of an increase in the market value of securities of the type in which they may invest. The purchase of a call option will entitle a Fund, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified securities at a specified price during the option period. A Fund will ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of such securities exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction costs; otherwise, the Fund will realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the call option.

Under a conventional cash-settled option, the purchaser of the option pays a premium in exchange for the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, (i) in the case of a call option, the excess, if any, of the reference price or value of the underlier (as determined pursuant to the terms of the option) above the option’s strike price or (ii) in the case of a put option, the excess, if any, of the option’s strike price above the reference price or value of the underlier (as so determined). Under a conventional physically-settled option structure, the purchaser of a call option has the right to purchase a specified quantity of the underlier at the strike price, and the purchaser of a put option has the right to sell a specified quantity of the underlier at the strike price.

A Fund will normally purchase put options in anticipation of a decline in the market value of securities in its portfolio (“protective puts”) or in securities in which it may invest. The purchase of a put option will entitle the Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to sell specified securities at a specified price during the option period. The purchase of protective puts is designed to offset or hedge against a decline in the market value of the Fund’s securities. Put options may also be purchased by a Fund for the purpose of affirmatively benefiting from a decline in the price of securities which it does not own. The Fund will ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying securities decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to more than cover the premium and transaction costs; otherwise the Fund will realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the put option. Gains and losses on the purchase of protective put options would tend to be offset by countervailing changes in the value of the underlying portfolio securities.

Risks of Trading Options. The risk-return profile of an option may vary depending on the characteristics of the relevant transaction. For example, a “knock-out option” may expire prior to the scheduled expiration date if the reference price or value of the underlier falls below, in the case of a put option, or exceeds, in the case of a call option, an agreed upon price or value at specific points in time, or at any time during the exercise period, depending upon how the option is structured. The buyer of such an option bears the risk of reference price movements causing the option to expire prior to the scheduled expiration date. Transaction terms that give a party the right to extend or accelerate the scheduled termination date of a transaction are economically equivalent to options. Such features may cause holders of such options to incur significant losses if exercised against them. The option premium in respect of such features may be in the form of an explicit payment or may be implicit in other terms of the transaction.

There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular exchange-traded option, or at any particular time. If a Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to covered options it has written, the Fund will not be able to sell the underlying securities or dispose of its segregated assets until the options expire or are exercised. Similarly, if a Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options it has purchased, it will have to exercise the options in order to realize any profit and will incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of underlying securities.

Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCCorp”) may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on that exchange, if any, that had been issued by the OCC as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms. A Fund may terminate its obligations under an exchange-traded call or put option by purchasing an option identical to the one it has written. Obligations under over-the-counter options may be terminated only by entering into an offsetting transaction with the counter-party to such option. Such purchases are referred to as “closing purchase transactions”.

A Fund may purchase and sell both options that are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges and options traded over the counter with broker-dealers who make markets in these options. The ability to terminate over-the-counter options is more limited than with exchange-traded options and may involve the risk that broker-dealers participating in such transactions will not fulfill their obligations. Until such time as the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) changes its position, a Fund will treat purchased over-the-counter options and all assets used to cover written over-the-counter options as illiquid securities, except that with respect to options written with primary dealers in U.S. government securities pursuant to an agreement requiring a closing purchase transaction at a formula price, the amount of illiquid securities may be calculated with reference to the formula.

Transactions by a Fund in options on securities and indices may be subject to limitations established by the CFTC, SEC, relevant self-regulatory organizations, each relevant exchange, board of trade or other trading facility governing the maximum number of options in each class which may be written or purchased by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert. Thus, the number of options that a Fund may write or purchase may be affected by options written or purchased by other investment advisory clients. An exchange, board of trade or other trading facility may order the liquidations of positions found to be in excess of these limits, and it may impose certain other sanctions.

 

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The writing and purchase of options is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The successful use of protective puts for hedging purposes depends in part on a Sub-adviser’s ability to predict future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities markets.

The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets.

In addition to the risks of imperfect correlation between a Fund’s portfolio and the index underlying the option, the purchase of securities index options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Fund in purchasing an option will be lost. This could occur as a result of unanticipated movements in the price of the securities comprising the securities index on which the option is based.

Writing Covered Call and Put Options on Securities and Securities Indices. The Funds may also write (sell) covered call and put options on any securities and on any securities index composed of securities in which it may invest. Options on securities indices are similar to options on securities, except that the exercise of securities index options requires cash payments and typically does not involve the actual purchase or sale of securities. In addition, securities index options are designed to reflect price fluctuations in a group of securities or segments of the securities market rather than price fluctuations in a single security.

A Fund may cover call options on a securities index by owning securities whose price changes are expected to be similar to those of the underlying index, or by having an absolute and immediate right to acquire such securities without additional cash consideration (or for additional consideration if cash in such amount is segregated) upon conversion or exchange of other securities in its portfolio. A Fund may cover call and put options on a securities index by segregating assets with a value equal to the exercise price.

The Trust, on behalf of each Fund to which this SAI relates, has filed with the National Futures Association a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), as amended, and the rules of the CFTC promulgated thereunder, with respect to the Fund’s operation. Accordingly, neither the Fund nor Brinker Capital is subject to registration or regulation as a CPO. Although Brinker Capital has concluded based on its communications with and oversight of the Fund’s Sub-advisers that as of the date of this SAI the Fund currently operate within the exclusions from CFTC regulation, there is no certainty that a Fund or Brinker Capital will be able to continue to rely on an exclusion from CFTC regulation in the future. A Fund may determine not to use investment strategies that trigger additional CFTC regulation or may determine to operate subject to CFTC regulation, if applicable. In addition, the Sub-advisers of a Fund that registers with the CFTC as a commodity pool may have to register with the CFTC as commodity trading advisers, unless an exemption from such registration applies. If a Fund or Brinker Capital operates subject to CFTC regulation, it may incur additional expenses.

Equity-Linked Securities

A Fund may invest in privately issued securities whose investment results are designed to correspond generally to the performance of a specified stock index or “basket” of securities, or sometimes a single stock (referred to as “equity-linked securities”). These securities are used for many of the same purposes as derivative instruments and share many of the same risks. Equity-linked securities may be considered illiquid and thus subject to a Fund’s restrictions on investments in illiquid securities.

Illiquid Securities

The Funds will not invest more than 15% of their net assets in illiquid and other securities that are not readily marketable. The term “illiquid securities” for this purpose means securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the price at which a Fund has valued the security. Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days will be included for purposes of the foregoing limit. Securities subject to restrictions on resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”), are considered illiquid unless they are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A or another exemption from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act and are determined to be liquid by the Sub-adviser. The Sub-advisers determine the liquidity of Rule 144A and other restricted securities according to procedures adopted by the Board. The Board monitors the Sub-advisers’ application of these guidelines and procedures. The inability of a Fund to dispose of illiquid investments readily or at reasonable prices could impair the Fund’s ability to raise cash for redemptions or other purposes.

 

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Investments in Investment Companies

The Funds may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent such investments are consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies and permissible under the 1940 Act. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, subject to certain exceptions, a Fund may not acquire the securities of other domestic or foreign investment companies if, as a result: (i) more than 10% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in securities of other investment companies, (ii) such purchase would result in more than 3% of the total outstanding voting securities of any one investment company being held by the Fund, or (iii) more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in any one investment company. These limitations do not apply to the purchase of shares of any investment company in connection with a merger, consolidation, reorganization or acquisition of substantially all the assets of another investment company. In addition, a Fund is not subject to the 3% limitation if (i) an ETF or the Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from the 3% limitation from the SEC that is applicable to the Fund; and (ii) the ETF and the Fund take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order. In the alternative, a Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-3 under the 1940 Act, which allows unaffiliated mutual funds to exceed the 5% limitation and the 10% limitation, provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired funds) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by FINRA for funds of funds.

A Fund also may invest its uninvested cash reserves or cash it receives as collateral from borrowers of its portfolio securities in connection with the Fund’s securities lending program, in shares of one or more money market funds, which investments will not be subject to the limitations described above. A Fund will not invest in other investment companies for which the Sub-advisers or any of their affiliates act as an investment adviser or distributor.

The Trust has obtained an exemptive order that allows each Fund to invest in affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies in excess of the limits under the 1940 Act described above, subject to conditions of the order.

If a Fund invests in, and thus, is a shareholder of, another investment company, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by such other investment company, including advisory fees, in addition to both the management fees payable directly by the Fund to the Fund’s own investment adviser and the other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with the Fund’s own operations.

Investment companies may include index-based investments, such as exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) that hold substantially all of their assets in securities representing a specific index. The main risk of investing in index-based investments is the same as investing in a portfolio of equity securities comprising the index. The market prices of index-based investments will fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the market value of their underlying portfolio securities and due to supply and demand for the instruments on the exchanges on which they are traded (which may result in their trading at a discount or premium to their NAVs). Index-based investments may not replicate exactly the performance of their specific index because of transaction costs and because of the temporary unavailability of certain component securities of the index. The Trust has entered into participation agreements with several ETF sponsor firms that permit, pursuant to an SEC order, certain Funds, as determined by the Advisor, to purchase shares of those firms’ ETFs beyond the Section 12(d)(1) limits described above as permitted by such ETFs’ SEC exemptive relief.

Lending Portfolio Securities

Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements, the Funds may lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations. A Fund will not lend securities to affiliated companies unless the Fund has applied for and received specific authority to do so from the SEC. A Fund’s loan of securities will be collateralized by cash, letters of credit or U.S. government securities. A Fund will maintain the collateral in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the loaned securities. From time to time, a Fund may pay a part of the interest earned from the investment of collateral received for securities loaned to the borrower and/or a third-party that is unaffiliated with the Fund and is acting as a “finder.” A Fund will comply with the following conditions whenever it loans securities: (i) the Fund must receive at least 100% cash collateral or equivalent securities from the borrower; (ii) the borrower must increase the collateral whenever the market value of the securities loaned rises above the level of the collateral; (iii) the Fund must be able to terminate the loan at any time; (iv) the Fund must receive reasonable interest on the loan, as well as any dividends, interest or other distributions on the loaned securities and any increase in market value; (v) the Fund may pay only reasonable custodian fees in connection with the loan; and (vi) voting rights on the loaned securities may pass to the borrower except that, if a material event adversely affecting the investment in the loaned securities occurs, the Board must terminate the loan and regain the right to vote the securities. Generally, the borrower of any portfolio securities will be required to make payments to the lending Fund in lieu of any dividends the Fund would have otherwise received had it not loaned the securities to the borrower. Any such payments, however, will not be treated as “qualified dividend income” for purposes of determining what portion of the Fund’s regular dividends (as defined below) received by individuals may be taxed at the rates generally applicable to long-term capital gains (see “Taxes” below). Should the borrower of the securities fail financially, the Fund may experience delays in recovering the loaned securities or exercising its rights in the collateral. Loans are made only to borrowers that are deemed by the Manager to be of good financial standing. In a loan transaction, the Fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. A Fund will minimize this risk by limiting the investment of cash collateral to money market funds or high quality instruments with short maturities or funds that invest only in such instruments.

 

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A Fund may invest the cash received as collateral through loan transactions in other eligible securities, including shares of a registered money market fund or unregistered money market fund that complies with the requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, including funds that do not seek to maintain a stable $1.00 per share NAV. Investing the cash collateral subjects a Fund’s investments to market appreciation or depreciation. A Fund remains obligated to return all collateral to the borrower under the terms of its securities lending arrangements, even if the value of the investments made with the collateral has declined. Accordingly, if the value of an investment declines, a Fund would be required to liquidate other investments in order to return collateral to the borrower at the end of a loan.

Money Market Instruments

Money market instruments include: U.S. government securities, certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances issued by domestic banks (including their branches located outside the U.S. and subsidiaries located in Canada), domestic branches of foreign banks, savings and loan associations and similar institutions; high grade commercial paper; and repurchase agreements with respect to the foregoing types of instruments. Certificates of deposit (“CDs”) are short-term, negotiable obligations of commercial banks. Time deposits (“TDs”) are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.

Mortgage-Backed Securities

The Funds may invest in mortgage-related securities including mortgage-backed securities. The average maturity of pass-through pools of mortgage-backed securities varies with the maturities of the underlying mortgage instruments. In addition, a pool’s stated maturity may be shortened by unscheduled payments on the underlying mortgages. Factors affecting mortgage prepayments include the level of interest rates, general economic and social conditions, the location of the mortgaged property and age of the mortgage. Because prepayment rates of individual pools vary widely, it is not possible to accurately predict the average life of a particular pool. Common practice is to assume that prepayments will result in an average life ranging from two to ten years for pools of fixed rate 30-year mortgages. Pools of mortgages with other maturities or different characteristics will have varying average life assumptions.

Mortgage-backed securities may be classified as private, governmental or government-related, depending on the issuer or guarantor. Private mortgage-backed securities represent pass-through pools consisting principally of conventional residential mortgage loans created by non-governmental issuers, such as commercial banks, savings and loan associations and private mortgage insurance companies. Governmental mortgage-backed securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), the principal U.S. guarantor of such securities, is a wholly-owned U.S. governmental corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”). Government related mortgage-backed securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Issuers of these securities include the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA” or “Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC” or Freddie Mac”). FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders that is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA. FHLMC is a government sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders that is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of HUD. Participation certificates representing interests in mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio are guaranteed as to the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal by FHLMC. On September 6, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) and the U.S. Treasury began a federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, placing the two federal instrumentalities under conservatorship with the FHFA. Under the plan of conservatorship, the FHFA has assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and officers, including the power to (1) take over the assets of and operate Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors, and the officers of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and conduct all business of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; (3) perform all functions of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which are consistent with the conservator’s appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality. Under these Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements (“SPAs”), the U.S. Treasury has pledged to provide up to $100 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash capital to the instrumentalities in the event that their liabilities exceed their assets. The conditions attached to the financial contribution made by the Treasury to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the issuance of this senior preferred stock place significant restrictions on the activities of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac must obtain the consent of the Treasury to (i) make any payment to purchase or redeem its capital stock or pay any dividend other than in respect of the senior preferred stock issued to the Treasury, (ii) issue capital stock of any kind, (iii) terminate the conservatorship of the FHFA except in connection with a receivership, or (iv) increase its debt beyond certain specified levels. In addition, significant restrictions were placed

 

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on the maximum size of each of Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s respective portfolios of mortgages and mortgage-backed securities, and the purchase agreements entered into by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac provide that the maximum size of their portfolios of these assets must decrease by a specified percentage each year. On May 6, 2009, the U.S. Treasury increased its maximum commitment to each instrumentality under the SPAs to $200 billion per instrumentality. On December 24, 2009, the U.S. Treasury further amended the SPAs to allow the cap on the U.S. Treasury’s funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s net worth through the end of 2012. At the conclusion of 2012, the remaining U.S. Treasury commitment will then be fully available to be drawn per the terms of the SPAs. In December 2009, the U.S. Treasury also amended the SPAs to provide Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with some additional flexibility to meet the requirement to reduce their mortgage portfolios. The unlimited support the U.S. Treasury extended to the two companies expired at the beginning of 2013—Fannie Mae’s support is now capped at $125 billion and Freddie Mac has a limit of $149 billion.

On August 17, 2012, the U.S. Treasury announced that was again amending the Agreement to terminate the requirement that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each pay a 10% annual dividend. Instead, the companies will transfer to the U.S. Treasury on a quarterly basis all profits earned during a quarter that exceed a capital reserve amount of $3 billion. It is believed that the new amendment puts Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in a better position to service their debt because the companies no longer have to borrow from the U.S. Treasury to make fixed dividend payments. As part of the new terms, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also will be required to reduce their investment portfolios at an annual rate of 15 percent instead of the previous 10 percent, which puts each of them on track to cut their portfolios to a targeted $250 billion in 2018.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are the subject of several continuing class action lawsuits and investigations by federal regulators over certain accounting, disclosure or corporate governance matters, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may adversely affect the guaranteeing entities. Importantly, the future of the entities is in serious question as the U.S. Government reportedly is considering multiple options, ranging from nationalization, privatization, consolidation, or abolishment of the entities.

The actions of the U.S. Treasury are intended to ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Treasury initiatives will be successful. The future status and role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s operations and activities as a result of the senior preferred stock investment made by the Treasury, market responses to developments at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, including any such mortgage-backed securities held by the Fund.

The Trust expects that private and governmental entities may create mortgage loan pools offering pass-through investments in addition to those described above. The mortgages underlying these securities may be alternative mortgage instruments; that is, mortgage instruments whose principal or interest payments may vary or whose terms to maturity may be shorter than previously customary. As new types of mortgage-backed securities are developed and offered to investors, the Trust, consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies, will consider making investments in those new types of securities on behalf of the Fund.

Mortgage-backed securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Fund’s industry concentration restrictions, by virtue of the exclusion from that test available to all U.S. government securities. In the case of privately issued mortgage-related securities, the Fund takes the position that mortgage-related securities do not represent interests in any particular industry or group of industries.

The Funds may invest in government stripped mortgage-related securities (“SMBs”), collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through certificates and zero coupon securities, which, because of changes in interest rates, may be more speculative and subject to greater fluctuations in value than securities that currently pay interest. CMOs are obligations fully collateralized by a portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-related securities. Payments of principal and interest on the mortgages are passed through to the holders of the CMOs on the same schedule as they are received, although certain classes of CMOs have priority over others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages. Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which a Fund invests, the investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than other types of mortgage-related securities.

One type of SMB has one class receiving all of the interest from the mortgage assets (the interest-only, or “IO” class) while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only, or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities.

 

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The Funds may also invest in pass-through securities backed by adjustable rate mortgages that have been introduced by GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC. These securities bear interest at a rate that is adjusted monthly, quarterly or annually. The prepayment experience of the mortgages underlying these securities may vary from that for fixed rate mortgages. The Fund will purchase only mortgage-related securities issued by persons that are governmental agencies or instrumentalities or fall outside, or are excluded from, the definition of an investment company under the 1940 Act.

Foreign Mortgage-Related Securities. Foreign mortgage-related securities are interests in pools of mortgage loans made to residential home buyers domiciled in a foreign country. These include mortgage loans made by trust and mortgage loan companies, credit unions, chartered banks, and others. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations (e.g., Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and First Australian National Mortgage Acceptance Corporation Limited). The mechanics of these mortgage-related securities are generally the same as those issued in the United States. However, foreign mortgage markets may differ materially from the U.S. mortgage market with respect to matters such as the sizes of loan pools, pre-payment experience, and maturities of loans.

Pay-in-Kind Securities

The fixed income oriented Funds may invest in pay-in-kind securities. Pay-in-kind securities are debt obligations or preferred stock that pays interest or dividends in the form of additional debt obligations or preferred stock.

Private Placements

Investment in privately placed securities may be less liquid than in publicly traded securities. Although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by a Fund or less than what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Furthermore, companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that might be applicable if their securities were publicly traded.

Put Transactions

A Fund may purchase securities at a price which would result in a yield to maturity lower than generally offered by the seller at the time of purchase when the Fund can simultaneously acquire the right to sell the securities back to the seller, the issuer or a third party (the “writer”) at an agreed-upon price at any time during a stated period or on a certain date. Such a right is generally denoted as a “standby commitment” or a “put.” The purpose of engaging in transactions involving puts is to maintain flexibility and liquidity to permit a Fund to meet redemptions and remain as fully invested as possible in municipal securities. A Fund reserves the right to engage in put transactions. The right to put the securities depends on the writer’s ability to pay for the securities at the time the put is exercised. A Fund would limit its put transactions to institutions which an adviser believes present minimum credit risks, and an adviser would use its best efforts to initially determine and continue to monitor the financial strength of the sellers of the options by evaluating their financial statements and such other information as is available in the marketplace. It may, however, be difficult to monitor the financial strength of the writers because adequate current financial information may not be available. In the event that any writer is unable to honor a put for financial reasons, a Fund would be a general creditor (i.e., on a parity with all other unsecured creditors) of the writer. Furthermore, particular provisions of the contract between a Fund and the writer may excuse the writer from repurchasing the securities; for example, a change in the published rating of the underlying municipal securities or any similar event that has an adverse effect on the issuer’s credit or a provision in the contract that the put will not be exercised except in certain special cases; for example, to maintain Fund liquidity. A Fund could, however, at any time sell the underlying portfolio security in the open market or wait until the portfolio security matures, at which time it should realize the full par value of the security.

The securities purchased subject to a put may be sold to third persons at any time, even though the put is outstanding, but the put itself, unless it is an integral part of the security as originally issued, may not be marketable or otherwise assignable. Therefore, the put would have value only to that particular Fund. Sale of the securities to third parties or lapse of time with the put unexercised may terminate the right to put the securities. Prior to the expiration of any put option, a Fund could seek to negotiate terms for the extension of such an option. If such a renewal cannot be negotiated on terms satisfactory to the Fund, the Fund could, of course, sell the portfolio security. The maturity of the underlying security will generally be different from that of the put. For the purpose of determining the “maturity” of securities purchased subject to an option to put, and for the purpose of determining the dollar-weighted average maturity of a Fund including such securities, the Fund will consider “maturity” to be the first date on which it has the right to demand payment from the writer of the put although the final maturity of the security is later than such date.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”)

REITs are pooled investment vehicles which invest primarily in income producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can

 

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also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with the applicable tax laws. Debt securities issued by REITs, for the most part, are general and unsecured obligations and are subject to risks associated with REITs.

Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. An equity REIT may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT. A mortgage REIT may be affected by changes in interest rates and the ability of the issuers of its Fund mortgages to repay their obligations. REITs are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are not diversified. REITs are generally dependent upon maintaining cash flows to repay borrowings and to make distributions to shareholders and are subject to the risk of default by lessees or borrowers. REITs whose underlying assets are concentrated in properties used by a particular industry, such as health care, are also subject to industry related risks.

REITs (especially mortgage REITs) also are subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. If the REIT invests in adjustable rate mortgage loans the interest rates on which are reset periodically, yields on a REIT’s investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates. This causes the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed rate obligations.

REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically, REITs have been more volatile in price than the larger capitalization stocks included in Standard & Poor’s 500® Stock Index (“S&P 500”).

Repurchase Agreements

The Funds may enter into repurchase agreements. Under the terms of a typical repurchase agreement, a Fund would acquire an underlying debt obligation for a relatively short period (usually not more than one week) subject to an obligation of the seller to repurchase, and the Fund to resell, the obligation at an agreed upon price and time, thereby determining the yield during the Fund’s holding period. This arrangement results in a fixed rate of return that is not subject to market fluctuations during the Fund’s holding period. A Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to U.S. government securities with member banks of the Federal Reserve System and certain non-bank dealers. Under each repurchase agreement, the selling institution is required to maintain the value of the securities subject to the repurchase agreement at not less than their repurchase price. A Fund’s Sub-adviser, acting under the supervision of the Trustees, reviews on an ongoing basis the value of the collateral and the creditworthiness of those non-bank dealers with whom the Fund enters into repurchase agreements. A Fund will not invest in a repurchase agreement maturing in more than seven days if the investment, together with illiquid securities held by that Fund, exceeds 15% of the Fund’s total net assets. In entering into a repurchase agreement, a Fund bears a risk of loss in the event the other party to the transaction defaults on its obligations and the Fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the underlying securities, including the risk of a possible decline in the value of the underlying securities during the period in which the Fund seeks to assert its rights to them, the risk of incurring expenses associated with asserting those rights and the risk of losing all or a part of the income from the agreement.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions in which a Fund sells portfolio securities to financial institutions, such as banks and broker-dealers, and agrees to repurchase them at a mutually agreed-upon date and price that is higher than the original sale price. Reverse repurchase agreements are similar to a fully collateralized borrowing by a Fund. At the time a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will earmark on the books of the Fund or place in a segregated account cash or liquid securities having a value equal to the repurchase price (including accrued interest) and will subsequently monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is maintained.

Reverse repurchase agreements involve risks. Reverse repurchase agreements are a form of leverage, and the use of reverse repurchase agreements by a Fund may increase the Fund’s volatility. Reverse repurchase agreements are also subject to the risk that the other party to the reverse repurchase agreement will be unable or unwilling to complete the transaction as scheduled, which may result in losses to a Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by a Fund may decline below the price at which it is obligated to repurchase the securities. In addition, when a Fund invests the proceeds it receives in a reverse repurchase transaction, there is a risk that those investments may decline in value. In this circumstance, a Fund could be required to sell other investments in order to meet its obligations to repurchase the securities.

 

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Special Purpose Acquisition Companies

The Funds may invest in special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”). SPACs are collective investment structures that pool funds in order to seek potential acquisition opportunities. SPACs and similar entities may be blank check companies with no operating history or ongoing business other than to seek a potential acquisition. Certain SPACs may seek acquisitions only in limited industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. Investments in SPACs may be illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale. To the extent the SPAC is invested in cash or similar securities, this may impact a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective.

SPACs involve risks. Unless and until an acquisition is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets (less an amount to cover expenses) in U.S. Government securities, money market fund securities and cash. SPACs and similar entities may be blank check companies with no operating history or ongoing business other than to seek a potential acquisition. Accordingly, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a profitable acquisition. Certain SPACs may seek acquisitions only in limited industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. Investments in SPACs may be illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale. To the extent the SPAC is invested in cash or similar securities, this may impact a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective.

Structured Notes

Typically, the value of the principal and/or interest on these instruments is determined by reference to changes in the value of specific currencies, interest rates, indexes or other financial indicators (“Reference”) or the relevant change in two or more References. The interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may be increased or decreased depending upon changes in the applicable Reference. The terms of the structured securities may provide that in certain circumstances no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, may result in the loss of the Fund’s entire investment. The value of structured securities may move in the same or the opposite direction as the value of the Reference, so that appreciation of the Reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the security at maturity. In addition, the change in interest rate or the value of the security at maturity may be a multiple of the change in the value of the Reference so that the security may be more or less volatile than the Reference, depending on the multiple. Consequently, structured securities may entail a greater degree of market risk and volatility than other types of debt obligations. Structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. Indexed securities include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. Indexed securities may include a multiplier that multiplies the indexed element by a specified factor and, therefore, the value of such securities may be very volatile. To the extent the Funds invest in these securities, however, the Sub-adviser analyzes these securities in its overall assessment of the effective duration of the Funds’ portfolio in an effort to monitor the Funds’ interest rate risk. Certain restrictions imposed on the Funds by the IRC may limit the Funds’ ability to use structured notes.

TBAs

A Fund that purchases or sells mortgage-backed securities may choose to purchase or sell certain mortgage-backed securities on a delayed delivery or forward commitment basis through the “to-be announced” (TBA) market. With TBA transactions, the fund would enter into a commitment to either purchase or sell mortgage-backed securities for a fixed price, with payment and delivery at a scheduled future date beyond the customary settlement period for mortgage-backed securities. These transactions are considered to be TBA because a Fund commits to buy a pool of mortgages that have yet to be specifically identified but will meet certain standardized parameters (such as yield, duration, and credit quality) and contain similar loan characteristics. For either purchase or sale transactions, a Fund may choose to extend the settlement through a “dollar roll” transaction in which it sells mortgage-backed securities to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to purchase substantially similar securities in the future at a predetermined price. These transactions have the potential to enhance a Fund’s returns and reduce its administrative burdens when compared with holding mortgage-backed securities directly, although these transactions will increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate. During the roll period, a Fund forgoes principal and interest paid on the securities. However, the Fund would be compensated by the difference between the current sale price and the forward price for the future purchase, as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale. Although the particular TBA securities must meet industry-accepted “good delivery” standards, there can be no assurance that a security purchased on a forward commitment basis will ultimately be issued or delivered by the counterparty. During the settlement period, a Fund will still bear the risk of any decline in the value of the security to be delivered. Dollar roll transactions involve the simultaneous purchase and sale of substantially similar TBA securities for different settlement dates. Because these transactions do not require the purchase and sale of identical securities, the characteristics of the security delivered to the fund may be less favorable than the security delivered to the dealer.

Temporary Investments

For temporary defensive purposes, during periods when a Sub-adviser of a Fund, in consultation with the Adviser, believes that pursuing a Fund’s basic investment strategy may be inconsistent with the best interests of its shareholders, that Fund may invest its assets in the following money market instruments: U.S. government securities (including those purchased in the form of custodial receipts), repurchase agreements, CD and bankers’ acceptances issued by U.S. banks or savings and loan associations having assets of

 

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at least $500 million as of the end of their most recent fiscal year and high quality commercial paper. A Fund also may hold a portion of its assets in money market instruments or cash in amounts designed to pay expenses, to meet anticipated redemptions or pending investment in accordance with its objectives and policies. Any temporary investments may be purchased on a when-issued basis. A Fund’s investment in any other short-term debt instruments would be subject to the Fund’s investment objectives and policies, and to approval by the Board. For further discussion regarding money market instruments, see the section entitled, “Money Market Instruments” above.

U.S. Government Securities

U.S. government securities are subject to market and interest rate risk, and may be subject to varying degrees of credit risk. The U.S. government securities in which the Fund may invest include debt obligations of varying maturities issued by the U.S. Treasury or issued or guaranteed by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government, including the Federal Housing Administration, Federal Financing Bank, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the U.S., Small Business Administration, GNMA, General Services Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks, FHLMC, FNMA, Maritime Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, District of Columbia Armory Board, Student Loan Marketing Association, Resolution Trust Corporation and various institutions that previously were or currently are part of the Farm Credit System. Some U.S. government securities, such as U.S. Treasury bills, Treasury notes and Treasury bonds, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Others are supported by: (i) the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, such as securities of the Federal Home Loan Banks; (ii) the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency’s obligations, such as securities of FNMA; or (iii) only the credit of the issuer, such as securities of FHLMC. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support in the future to U.S. government agencies, authorities or instrumentalities that are not supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities (“U.S. government securities”) include: (i) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government or any of its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities; and (ii) participations in loans made to foreign governments or other entities that are so guaranteed. The secondary market for certain of these participations is limited and, therefore, may be regarded as illiquid.

U.S. government securities may include zero coupon securities, which tend to be subject to greater market risk than interest-paying securities of similar maturities, that may be purchased when yields are attractive and/or to enhance Fund liquidity. Zero coupon U.S. government securities are debt obligations that are issued or purchased at a significant discount from face value. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound over the period until maturity or the particular interest payment date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Zero coupon U.S. government securities do not require the periodic payment of interest. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash. These investments may experience greater volatility in market value than U.S. government securities that make regular payments of interest. A Fund accrues income on these investments for tax and accounting purposes that is distributable to shareholders and which, because no cash is received at the time of accrual, may require the liquidation of other portfolio securities to satisfy the Fund’s distribution obligations, in which case the Fund will forgo the purchase of additional income producing assets with these funds. Zero coupon U.S. government securities include Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (“STRIPS”) and Coupons Under Book-Entry Safekeeping (“CUBES”), which are issued by the U.S. Treasury as component parts of U.S. Treasury bonds and represent scheduled interest and principal payments on the bonds.

Exchange Rate-Related U.S. Government Securities. The Funds may invest up to 5% of their assets in U.S. government securities for which the principal repayment at maturity, while paid in U.S. dollars, is determined by reference to the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the currency of one or more foreign countries (“Exchange Rate-Related Securities”). The interest payable on these securities is denominated in U.S. dollars, is not subject to foreign currency risk and, in most cases, is paid at rates higher than most other U.S. government securities in recognition of the foreign currency risk component of Exchange Rate-Related Securities.

Exchange Rate-Related Securities are issued in a variety of forms, depending on the structure of the principal repayment formula. The principal repayment formula may be structured so that the security holder will benefit if a particular foreign currency to which the security is linked is stable or appreciates against the U.S. dollar. In the alternative, the principal repayment formula may be structured so that the security holder benefits if the U.S. dollar is stable or appreciates against the linked foreign currency. Finally, the principal repayment formula can be a function of more than one currency and, therefore, be designed as a combination of those forms.

Investments in Exchange Rate-Related Securities entail special risks. There is the possibility of significant changes in rates of exchange between the U.S. dollar and any foreign currency to which an Exchange Rate-Related Security is linked. If currency exchange rates do not move in the direction or to the extent anticipated by the Sub-adviser at the time of purchase of the security, the amount of principal repaid at maturity might be significantly below the par value of the security, which might not be offset by the interest earned by the Fund over the term of the security. The rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and other currencies is

 

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determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets. These forces are affected by the international balance of payments and other economic and financial conditions, government intervention, speculation and other factors. The imposition or modification of foreign exchange controls by the U.S. or foreign governments or intervention by central banks could also affect exchange rates. Finally, there is no assurance that sufficient trading interest to create a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular Exchange Rate-Related Security because of conditions in the debt and foreign currency markets. Illiquidity in the forward foreign exchange market and the high volatility of the foreign exchange market may from time to time combine to make it difficult to sell an Exchange Rate-Related Security prior to maturity without incurring a significant price loss.

When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities

The Funds may purchase securities, including U.S. government securities, on a when-issued basis or may purchase or sell securities for delayed delivery. When-issued and delayed delivery basis, including “TBA” (to be announced) basis, transactions involve the purchase of an instrument with payment and delivery taking place in the future. In such transactions, delivery of the securities occurs beyond the normal settlement period, but no payment or delivery is made by a Fund prior to the actual delivery or payment by the other party to the transaction. The purchase of securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis involves the risk that the value of the securities purchased will decline prior to the settlement date. The sale of securities for delayed delivery involves the risk that the prices available in the market on the delivery date may be greater than those obtained in the sale transaction. When-issued and delayed delivery transactions will be fully collateralized by segregated liquid assets

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The following investment restrictions have been adopted by the Trust as fundamental policies of each of the Funds. Each Fund’s investment objective, stated in the Prospectus, is not fundamental, meaning that each may be changed by a vote of a majority of Board at any time upon at least 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders. Under the 1940 Act, a fundamental policy may not be changed without the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund, which is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the shares present at a Fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

Each Fund may comply with its investment policies by investing a portion of its assets in the interests of other pooled investment vehicles, in which case the Fund’s investments in such entity shall be deemed to be an investment in the underlying securities in the same proportion as such entity’s investment in such securities bears to its net assets.

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

1. The Funds, other than the Destinations Real Assets Fund, will not invest more than 25% of its total assets in securities, the issuers of which conduct their principal business activities in the same industry. Under normal market conditions, the Destinations Real Assets Fund will invest at least 25% of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase in the securities of issuers conducting their principal business activities in the energy and other natural resources groups of industries. For purposes of this limitation, U.S. government securities and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.

2. The Funds will not issue “senior securities” as defined in the 1940 Act, and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder, except as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder, as such statute, rules, regulations or orders may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

3. The Funds will not borrow money, except that (a) the Funds may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of a Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed) valued at the lesser of cost or market, less liabilities (not including the amount borrowed) and (b) the Funds may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques.

4. The Funds will not make loans. This restriction does not apply to: (a) the purchase of debt obligations in which the Funds may invest consistent with its investment objectives and policies (including participation interests in such obligations); (b) repurchase agreements; and (c) loans of its portfolio securities.

5. The Funds will not purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent the Funds from: (a) investing in and selling securities of issuers engaged in the real estate business and securities which are secured by real estate or interests therein; (b) holding or selling real estate received in connection with securities it holds; (c) trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts or (d) investing in or purchasing real estate investment trust securities.

 

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6. The Funds will not engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that the Funds may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in disposing of portfolio securities.

7. The Funds will not purchase any securities on margin (except for such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities). For purposes of this restriction, the deposit or payment by the Funds of underlying securities and other assets in escrow and collateral agreements with respect to initial or maintenance margin in connection with futures contracts and related options and options on securities, indexes or similar items is not considered to be the purchase of a security on margin.

8. With respect to the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund, the Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in debt instruments that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax.

The Funds’ fundamental policies are written and will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the policy will be interpreted to mean either that the 1940 Act expressly permits the practice or that the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.

Additional Information About Concentration

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (1) above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a Fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. In general, a fund that invests a significant percentage of its total assets in a single industry or group of industries may be particularly susceptible to adverse events affecting that industry or group of industries and may be more risky than a fund that does not concentrate in an industry.

The policy in (1) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities; with respect to tax-exempt funds that invest 80% of their assets in tax-exempt securities, securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry.

The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to the Funds as to how to classify issuers within or among industry groups, industries or sub-industries. When identifying sectors, industry groups, industries or sub-industries for purposes of its concentration policy, a Fund may rely upon available industry and sub-industry classifications. As of the date of the SAI, the Funds rely on the MSCI Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) classifications. For purposes of the Funds’ concentration policy, the Funds may classify and re-classify companies in a particular industry or sub-industry and define and re-define industries and sub-industries in any reasonable manner, consistent with SEC guidance.

For purposes of the investment limitation on concentration in a particular industry, (i) each foreign government is deemed to be its own industry, (ii) loan participations will be considered investments in the industry or sub-industry of the underlying borrower, rather than that of the seller of the loan participation, (iii) municipal obligations are not considered a separate industry, (iv) finance companies will be considered a part of the industry they finance; and (v) each sub-industry of the GICS “Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts” industry will be considered a separate industry. With respect to the Destinations Real Assets Fund, in determining whether the Fund has invested at least 25% of the value of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the energy and other natural resources groups of industries, the Fund currently considers companies in each of the indicated GICS industry groups to be within the energy and other natural resources groups of industries: (i) Energy, (ii) Utilities, and (iii) Materials (but excluding the Construction Materials and Containers & Packaging sub-industries).

The following are non-fundamental investment restrictions and may be changed by a vote of a majority of Board at any time upon at least 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders. Each Fund’s investment objective, stated in the Prospectus, is not fundamental.

Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions

Unless otherwise explicitly stated herein, the investment policies, strategies and restrictions of the Funds are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board, without shareholder approval. Further, the investment objectives of the Funds are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

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Table of Contents

1. The Funds, other than the Destinations Real Assets Fund, will not invest in oil, gas or other mineral leases or exploration or development programs.

2. The Funds will not make short sales of securities, unless it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold and provided that transactions in futures contracts and options are not deemed to constitute selling securities short.

3. The Funds will not make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management.

4. The Funds will not purchase securities of other investment companies, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

5. The Funds will not purchase or otherwise acquire any security if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in securities that are illiquid.

6. The Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in the equity securities of large capitalization companies.

7. The Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in the equity securities of small-mid capitalization companies.

8. The Destinations International Equity Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in equity securities.

9. The Destinations Equity Income Fund will, under normal circumstances, will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in dividend paying equity securities of both U.S.-based and foreign companies.

10. The Destinations Real Assets Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (including any borrowings for investment purposes) in “real assets” and securities of companies that derive at least 50% of their profits or revenues from, or commit at least 50% of assets to, real assets and activities related to real assets.

11. The Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in fixed income instruments.

12. The Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund will invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its total assets in a diversified portfolio of fixed income securities.

13. The Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund will invest, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in fixed income securities.

Any percentage limitations contained in the restrictions listed above or in a Fund’s investment policies, strategies and restrictions (other than with the fundamental investment restriction regarding borrowing described above) apply at the time of purchase of securities. With respect to the limitation on illiquid securities, in the event that a subsequent change in net assets or other circumstances causes a Fund to exceed its limitation, the Fund will take steps to bring the aggregate amount of illiquid instruments back within the limitations as soon as reasonably practicable.

The Funds will, for the purpose of determining whether a Fund’s portfolio is concentrated in a particular industry, consider the investment policies and/or concentration of its underlying investment companies when determining the Fund’s compliance with its concentration policies.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST

The Trust’s Board of Trustees (“Board” or “Trustees”) is responsible for overseeing the Trust’s management and operations. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust and the companies that furnish services to the Funds, including agreements with the Trust’s distributor, Sub-advisers, custodian, transfer agent and administrator. The Board elects officers who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Trust and the Funds and who execute policies authorized by the Board.

Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker Capital” or the “Adviser”), serves as the investment adviser for the Funds. The Fund employs a “multi-manager” strategy. The Adviser selects and oversees professional money managers (each a “Sub-adviser”) who are responsible for investing the assets of the Funds allocated to them. In addition to investment advisory services, the Adviser monitors and supervises the services provided to the Trust by its administrator. The Adviser also is responsible for conducting all operations of the Trust, except those operations contracted to the Sub-advisers, the custodian, the transfer agent and the administrator.

 

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Table of Contents

The names of the Trustees and officers of the Trust, years of birth, together with information as to their principal business occupations and, for the Trustees, other board memberships they have held during the past five years, are set forth below. The executive officers of the Trust are employees of organizations that provide services to the Funds. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each Trustee and Officer is 1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250 Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Name, Address and

Date of Birth

  

Position(s)

Held with

Trust

  

Term of

Office

and Length of

Time Served*

  

Principal

Occupation(s)

During Past

Five Years

  

Number of

Funds

in Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

  

Other Board

Memberships

Held During Past Five

Years by Trustee

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES*

Ellyn L. Brown

Brown Associates

11055 Greenspring Ave,

Annex A

Lutherville, MD 21093

 

Birth Year: 1950

  

Chairman

of the Board

of Trustees**

   Chair as of April 1, 2018; Trustee Since 2017    Retired Attorney since 2006. Former Principal of Brown and Associates from 1996 to 2006.    10    CNO Financial, Inc. since 2012, Walter Investment Management Corp. from 2013 to 2017, NYSE Regulation, Inc. from 2010 to 2014. NYSE Euronext and predecessor entities from 2006 to 2013, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) from 2007 to 2012, Financial Accounting Foundation, Inc. from 2007 to 2012

J. Scott Coleman, CFA

7 Forest Road

Wayne, PA 19087

 

Birth Year: 1960

   Trustee    Since 2017    Retired since 2015. President and CEO of Optimum Fund Trust from 2011 to 2015. President of Delaware Distributors from 2008 to 2015. Executive Vice President, Head of Distribution and Marketing, Delaware Investments 2008 to 2015. In addition, Head of Macquarie Investment Management EMEA Distribution from 2012 to 2015. Managing Director at Goldman Sachs & Co. from 2001 to 2008.    10    Optimum Fund Trust from 2011 to 2015.

Nicholas Marsini, Jr.

120 St. Moritz Drive

Wilmington, DE 19807

 

Birth Year: 1955

  

Trustee, Chair

of Audit Committee

   Since 2017    Retired since 2016. Regional President of PNC Delaware from 2011to 2016. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of PNC Global Investment Servicing from 1997 to 2010.    10    FundVantage Trust.

Gregory E. McGowan

Franklin Templeton

300 SE 2nd Street

Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301

 

Birth Year: 1949

  

Trustee

   Since 2017    Senior Strategic Advisor, Franklin Templeton Investments since 2016. Executive Vice President, Director and General Counsel of Templeton International, Inc.from 1992 to 2016. Executive Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel of Templeton Global Advisors Limited (a Bahamian corporation) from 1992 to 2016.    10    Global Capital PLC (Malta Public Company), Franklin Templeton Sealand Fund Management Co. Ltd., China Life Franklin Asset Management Company Limited

 

* Each Trustee remains in office until he or she resigns, retires or is removed.
** Since April 1, 2018.

 

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Table of Contents
INTERESTED TRUSTEES*

Joseph V. Del Raso**

Pepper Hamilton LLP

3000 Two Logan Square, 18th & Arch Streets

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2799

 

Birth Year: 1952

   Trustee    Since 2017 (Chair of the Board until April 1, 2018).    Partner at Pepper Hamilton LLP (law firm) since 1998.    10    Global Capital PLC (Malta Public Company)

Noreen D. Beaman***

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1964

   Trustee and Chief Executive Officer    Since 2018    Chief Executive Officer of Brinker Capital, Inc. since 2012.    10    PIMCO RIA Advisory Board, MMI Board of Governors, MMI Leadership Pathway, Envestnet Institute Women In Wealth; St. Peter’s University Board of Trustees (2014 to 2017)

 

* Each Trustee remains in office until he or she resigns, retires or is removed.
** Mr. Del Raso became an “interested” Trustee (as such term is defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act) as of April 1, 2018.
*** At a meeting of the Board of Trustees held on March 8, 2018, the Board appointed Ms. Beaman to the Board, effectively replacing Mr. John E. Coyne, who left Brinker Capital at the end of 2017 and resigned from the Board effective March 8, 2018.

 

Name, Address and

Date of Birth

  

Position(s)

Held with

Trust

  

Term of

Office and
Length of

Time
Served

  

Principal

Occupation(s)

During Past

Five Years

OFFICERS*         

Philip Green, Jr.

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1970

   Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer    Since January 2017    Chief Financial Officer, Brinker Capital Holdings Inc., Brinker Capital Inc. and Brinker Capital Securities since 2000.

Brian Ferko

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1971

   Chief Compliance Officer & Anti-Money Laundering Officer    Since January 2017    Chief Compliance Officer of Brinker Capital, Inc. since 2015; Chief Compliance Officer of Brinker Capital, Inc. contracted through Cipperman Compliance Services from 2010 to 2015; Chief Operating Officer of CCS from 2012 to 2015.

Jason B. Moore

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1972

   President    Since January 2017    Chief Administrative Officer, Brinker Capital, Inc. since 2016; Managing Director, Morgan Stanley from 2012 to 2016.

 

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Table of Contents

Name, Address and

Date of Birth

  

Position(s)

Held with

Trust

  

Term of

Office and
Length of

Time
Served

  

Principal

Occupation(s)

During Past

Five Years

Donna Marley

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1955

   Chief Operating Officer    Since April 2017    Senior Vice President of Funds, Brinker Capital, Inc. since 2017; Executive Director, Morgan Stanley (2009-2017)

Peter Townsend

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1977

   Secretary & Deputy Chief Compliance Officer    Since January 2017    Deputy Funds Chief Compliance Officer at Brinker Capital, Inc. since 2017; Director of Compliance at Penn Capital Management Company, Inc. from 2015 to 2017; Director of Compliance at Cipperman Compliance Services from 2013 to 2015; Associate at J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. from 2008 to 2013.

Charles Widger

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1945

   Investment Officer    Since January 2017    Executive Chairman of Brinker Capital, Inc. since 2012.

Jeffrey Raupp, CFA

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1969

   Investment Officer    Since January 2017    Director of Investments of Brinker Capital, Inc. since 2017; Senior Vice President of Brinker Capital, Inc. in2016; Senior Investment Manager of Brinker Capital, Inc. from 2008 to 2016.

Amy Magnotta, CFA

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1978

   Investment Officer    Since January 2017    Senior Vice President and Head of Discretionary Portfolios of Brinker Capital Inc. since 2017; Senior Investment Manager of Brinker Capital, Inc. from 2008 to 2017.

 

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Table of Contents

Name, Address and

Date of Birth

  

Position(s)

Held with

Trust

  

Term of

Office and
Length of

Time
Served

  

Principal

Occupation(s)

During Past

Five Years

Leigh Lowman, CFA

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1982

   Investment Officer    Since January 2017    Investment Manager, Brinker Capital, Inc. since 2017; Senior Investment Analyst, Brinker Capital, Inc. from 2015 to 2017; Outreach Analyst, The Investment Fund for Foundations from 2014 to 2015; Senior Associate, Mondrian Investment Partners from 2011 to 2014.

Christopher Hart

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1971

   Investment Officer    Since January 2017    Senior Vice President and Head of Platform Manager Research at Brinker Capital, Inc. since 2017; Senior Vice President in 2016; Core Investment Manager at Brinker Capital, Inc. from 2014 to 2016; Investment Director at RS Investments 2013; Vice President/Investment Officer at Morgan Stanley Smith Barney from 2006 to 2013.

Timothy Holland, CFA

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Birth Year: 1969

   Investment Officer    Since June 2017    Senior Vice President and Global Investment Strategist of Brinker Capital, Inc. since 2017; Co-Head US Sub Advisory of Pictet Asset Management in 2016; Portfolio Manager and Partner of TAMRO Capital Partners from 2005 to 2016.

 

* The President, Treasurer and Secretary hold office until their respective successors are chosen and qualified or until he or she sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Each of the other officers serves at the pleasure of the Board.

Board Composition and Leadership Structure

As of April 1, 2018, four of the six Trustees on the Board (66.67%) are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and as such are not affiliated with the Adviser or any Sub-adviser (“Independent Trustees”). Effective April 1, 2018, the Board appointed Ms. Brown, an Independent Trustee, to serve as Chairman of the Board. Prior to April 1, 2018, Mr. Del Raso served as Chair of the Board. With Mr. Del Raso’s change in status from an Independent Trustee to an Interested Trustee effective April 1, 2018, the Board determined that Ms. Brown should be elected as Chairman. In making this determination, the Board considered, among other factors, industry best practices. Currently, the Board has a single committee, the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee is chaired by Mr. Marsini, an Independent Trustee and composed solely of Independent Trustees. Effective April 1, 2018, Mr. Del Raso stepped down from the Audit Committee, due to his change in status from an Independent Trustee to an Interested Trustee. The Board has determined that this leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust and in light of the services that the Adviser and its affiliates and the Sub-advisers provide to the Trust and potential conflicts of interest that could arise from these relationships. The Board believes that the existing Board structure is appropriate because, among other things, it allows the Independent Trustees to exercise independent business judgment in evaluating the Trust’s management and service providers.

 

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Table of Contents

Board Oversight of Risk Management

The Board considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities. As is the case with virtually all investment companies (as distinguished from operating companies), service providers to the Trust, primarily the Adviser and its affiliates and the Sub-advisers, have responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund, which includes responsibility for risk management (including management of investment performance and investment risk, valuation risk, issuer and counterparty credit risk, compliance risk and operational risk). As part of its oversight, the Board, acting at its scheduled meetings, or the Chairman of the Board or the appropriate Committee, acting between Board meetings, regularly interacts with and receives reports from senior personnel of service providers, including the Adviser’s investment officers, the Trust’s and the Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) and the Sub-advisers’ portfolio management personnel. The Board’s Audit Committee meets during its scheduled meetings, and between meetings the Audit Committee chair maintains contact, with the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm and the Trust’s Chief Financial Officer. The Board receives periodic presentations from senior personnel of the Adviser or its affiliates regarding investment performance of the Funds and the applicable investment risk management process. The Board also receives periodic presentations from senior personnel of the Adviser or its affiliates and the Sub-advisers regarding risk management generally, as well as periodic presentations regarding specific operational, compliance or investment areas, such as business continuity, anti-money laundering, personal trading, valuation, credit, investment research, portfolio trading and transactions, and securities lending. The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to address certain risks to the Funds. In addition, the Adviser and other service providers to the Trust have adopted a variety of policies, procedures and controls designed to address particular risks to the Funds. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. However, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Funds. The Board also receives reports from counsel to the Trust or counsel to the Adviser and the Independent Trustees’ own independent legal counsel regarding regulatory compliance and governance matters. The Board’s oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Funds’ investments or activities.

Individual Trustee Qualifications

The Board believes that each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that the Board possesses the requisite attributes and skills to effectively oversee the management of the Trust and the interests of Fund shareholders. The Board believes that the significance of each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills is an individual matter (meaning that experience that is important for one Trustee may not have the same value for another) and that these factors are best evaluated at the Board level, with no single Trustee, or particular factor, being indicative of Board effectiveness. However, the Board believes that Trustees must have the ability to critically review, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, and to interact effectively with Trust management, service providers and counsel, in order to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties. The Board believes that the Trustees satisfy this standard. Experience relevant to having this ability may be achieved through a Trustee’s educational background; business, professional training or practice (e.g., accounting or law), public service or academic positions; experience from service as a board member (including the Board of the Trust) or as an executive of investment funds, public companies or significant private or not-for-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. The Board noted that most of the Trustees had experience serving as directors on the boards of operating companies and/or other investment companies. The Board considered that the various Trustees have or had careers in the financial services or investment management industries, including holding executive positions in companies engaged in these industries, which allows these Trustees to bring valuable, relevant experience as members of the Board.

Board Committees

The Trust currently has a single committee, the Audit Committee. The members of the Audit Committee consist of all the Independent Trustees of the Trust, namely Mr. Coleman, Ms. Brown, Mr. Marsini Jr. and Mr. McGowan. The Audit Committee is chaired by Mr. Marsini. The Board also at times may constitute other committees of the Board to assist in the evaluation of specific matters.

The Audit Committee oversees the Fund’s audit, accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls. The Audit Committee approves, and recommends to the Board for its ratification, the selection, appointment, retention or termination of the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm and approves the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee also approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the Fund by the independent registered public accounting firm and all permissible non-audit services provided by the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm to the Adviser and any affiliated service providers if the engagement relates directly to Fund operations and financial reporting. The Audit Committee met once during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2018.

Securities Beneficially Owned by Each Trustee

The following table shows the dollar amount range of each Trustee’s “beneficial ownership” of shares of the Funds as of the end of the most recently completed calendar year. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”). The Trustees and officers of the Funds, together as a group, beneficially owned less than 1% of each class of each Fund’s outstanding shares.

 

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Table of Contents
Name of Trustee       Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund    Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in the Trust
Joseph V. Del Raso, Chair   

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

Destinations International Equity Fund

Destinations Equity Income Fund

Destinations Real Assets Fund

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Global Fixed Income     Opportunities Fund

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

  

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

    

[None]

[None]

   [None]
Ellyn L. Brown   

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

Destinations International Equity Fund

Destinations Equity Income Fund

Destinations Real Assets Fund

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Global Fixed Income     Opportunities Fund

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

  

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

    

[None]

[None]

   [None]
J. Scott Coleman   

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

Destinations International Equity Fund

Destinations Equity Income Fund

Destinations Real Assets Fund

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Global Fixed Income     Opportunities Fund

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

  

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

    

[None]

[None]

   [None]
Nicholas Marsini Jr.   

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

Destinations International Equity Fund

Destinations Equity Income Fund

Destinations Real Assets Fund

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Global Fixed Income     Opportunities Fund

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

  

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

    

[None]

[None]

   [None]
Gregory E. McGowan   

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

Destinations International Equity Fund

Destinations Equity Income Fund

Destinations Real Assets Fund

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Global Fixed Income     Opportunities Fund

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

  

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

[None]

    

[None]

[None]

   [None]
John E. Coyne, III*   

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

Destinations International Equity Fund

Destinations Equity Income Fund

Destinations Real Assets Fund

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Global Fixed Income     Opportunities Fund

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

  

[     ]

[     ]

[     ]

[     ]

[     ]

[     ]

[     ]

[     ]

    

[     ]

[     ]

   [     ]

Noreen D. Beaman**

  

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

Destinations International Equity Fund

Destinations Equity Income Fund

Destinations Real Assets Fund

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Global Fixed Income     Opportunities Fund

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

  

[Over $100,000]

[$50,001-$100,000]

[Over $100,000]

[$1-$10,000]

[$10,001-$50,000]

[$50,001-$100,000]

[$10,001-$50,000]

[$10,001-$50,000]

    

[$1-$10,000]

[Over $100,000]

   [Over $100,000]

 

* John E. Coyne, III was the Interested Trustee of the Trust until December 31, 2017.
** Noreen D. Beaman became the Interested Trustee on March 8, 2018.

 

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Table of Contents

Trustee Compensation

The following table shows the compensation paid by the Trust to each Independent Trustee during the last fiscal year of the Trust. Trustees who are “interested persons” of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act) and officers of the Trust do not receive compensation directly from the Trust. The Funds may bear a portion of the CCO’s annual compensation.

Independent Trustees each receive an annual retainer and fees for Board meeting attendance. In addition, the Lead Independent Trustee and Audit Committee Chair receives an additional annual retainer. This compensation will be allocated among the various series comprising the Trust based on the net assets of each series. Independent Trustees receive additional fees from the applicable series for any special meetings at rates assessed by the Trustees depending on whether in-person attendance is required. All Trustees are reimbursed for expenses in connection with each board meeting attended, which reimbursement is allocated among applicable series of the Trust. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. Set forth below is the expected rate of compensation earned by the following Independent Trustees.

The Trust and the Fund Complex paid the following fees to the Trustees during its most recently completed fiscal year:

 

Name of Person  

Aggregate

Compensation from

Trust

   

Pension or Retirement

Benefits Accrued as

Part of Trust Expenses

   

Estimated Annual

Benefits Upon

Retirement

   

Estimated Total

Compensation from

Fund Complex*

 

Interested

       

Joseph V. Del Raso**

  $ [125,000   $ 0       None     $ [125,000

John E. Coyne, III***

  $ [0   $ 0       None     $ [0

Noreen D. Beaman****

  $ [0   $ 0       None     $ [0

Independent

       

Ellyn L. Brown, Chairman*****

  $ [100,000   $ 0       None     $ [100,000

J. Scott Coleman

  $ [100,000   $ 0       None     $ [100,000

Nicholas Marsini, Jr.,

Audit Committee Chair

  $ [115,000   $ 0       None     $ [115,000

Gregory E. McGowan

  $ [100,000   $ 0       None     $ [100,000

 

* Excludes reimbursement for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred to attend meetings of the Board.
** Joseph V. Del Raso resigned as Chairman of the Board and became an Interested Trustee on April 1, 2018.
*** John E. Coyne, III was an Interested Trustee of the Trust until December 31, 2017.
**** Noreen D. Beaman became an Interested Trustee on March 8, 2018.
***** Ellyn L. Brown became Chairman of the Board on April  1, 2018.

CONTROL PERSONS

A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledged the existence of control. A shareholder who controls a Fund may be able to control the outcome of any proposal submitted to the shareholders for approval, including changes to the Fund’s fundamental policies or the terms of the advisory agreement with the Adviser.

As of June [XX], 2018, the following persons were the only persons who were record owners (or to the knowledge of the Trust, beneficial owners) of 5% or more of any class of shares of a Fund. Persons who owned of record or beneficially more than 25% of a Fund’s outstanding shares may be deemed to control the Fund within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Shareholders controlling the Fund could have the ability to vote a majority of the shares of the Fund on any matter requiring the approval of shareholders of the Fund. The Trust believes that most of the shares referred to below were held by the below persons in accounts for their fiduciary, agency or custodial customers.

 

Name & Address

  

Number of Shares

  

Percent of Fund Class

 

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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

Decisions to buy and sell securities for a Fund are made by the Sub-adviser(s), subject to the overall review of the Adviser and the Board. Although investment decisions for the Funds are made independently from those of the other accounts managed by a Sub-adviser, investments of the type that the Funds may make also may be made by those other accounts. When a Fund and one or more other accounts managed by a Sub-adviser are prepared to invest in, or desire to dispose of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales will be allocated in a manner believed by the Sub-adviser to be equitable to each. In some cases, this procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by a Fund or the size of the position obtained or disposed of by a Fund.

The Board has approved procedures in conformity with Rule 10f-3 under the 1940 Act whereby the Funds may purchase securities that are offered in underwritings in which an affiliate participates. These procedures prohibit the Fund from directly or indirectly benefiting an affiliate in connection with such underwritings. In addition, for underwritings where an affiliate participates as a principal underwriter, certain restrictions may apply that could, among other things, limit the amount of securities that the Fund could purchase in the underwritings.

Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and some foreign stock exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. On exchanges on which commissions are negotiated, the cost of transactions may vary among different brokers. On most foreign exchanges, commissions are generally fixed. No stated commission is generally applicable to securities traded in U.S. over-the-counter markets, but the underwriters include an underwriting commission or concession and the prices at which securities are purchased from and sold to dealers include a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down. U.S. government securities generally are purchased from underwriters or dealers, although certain newly issued U.S. government securities may be purchased directly from the U.S. Treasury or from the issuing agency or instrumentality.

 

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In selecting brokers or dealers to execute securities transactions on behalf of a Fund, its Sub-adviser seeks the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for any transaction, the Sub-adviser will consider the factors it deems relevant, including the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In addition, each Advisory Agreement (as defined below) between the Adviser and the Sub-adviser authorizes the Sub-adviser, in selecting brokers or dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. In doing so, a Fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Sub-adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below. It has for many years been a common practice in the investment advisory business for advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors to receive research services from broker-dealers which execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, a Sub-adviser receives research services from many broker-dealers with which the Sub-adviser places portfolio trades. The Sub-adviser may also receive research or research credits from brokers which are generated from underwriting commissions when purchasing new issues of fixed income securities or other assets for a Fund. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, include such matters as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities and recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities. Some of these services are of value to a Sub-adviser in advising its clients (including the Funds), although not all of these services are necessarily useful and of value in managing the Fund. The fees under the Advisory Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreements, respectively, are not reduced by reason of a Fund’s Sub-adviser receiving brokerage and research services. As noted above, a Sub-adviser may purchase new issues of securities for a Fund in underwritten fixed price offerings. In these situations, the underwriter or selling group member may provide the Sub-adviser with research in addition to selling the securities (at the fixed public offering price) to the Fund or other advisory clients. Because the offerings are conducted at a fixed price, the ability to obtain research from a broker-dealer in this situation provides knowledge that may benefit the Fund, other Sub-adviser clients, and the Sub-adviser without incurring additional costs. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e) because the broker-dealer is considered to be acting in a principal capacity in underwritten transactions. However, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) has adopted rules expressly permitting broker-dealers to provide bona fide research to advisers in connection with fixed price offerings under certain circumstances. As a general matter in these situations, the underwriter or selling group member will provide research credits at a rate that is higher than that which is available for secondary market transactions.

The Board will periodically review the commissions paid by a Fund to determine if the commissions paid over representative periods of time were reasonable in relation to the benefits inuring to the Fund. Over-the-counter purchases and sales by a Fund are transacted directly with principal market makers except in those cases in which better prices and executions may be obtained elsewhere.

To the extent consistent with applicable provisions of the 1940 Act and the rules and exemptions adopted by the SEC under the 1940 Act, the Board has determined that transactions for a Fund may be executed through an affiliated broker-dealer if, in the judgment of its Sub-adviser, the use of an affiliated broker-dealer is likely to result in price and execution at least as favorable as those of other qualified broker-dealers, and if, in the transaction, the affiliated broker-dealer charges the Fund a fair and reasonable rate.

The Funds will not purchase any security, including U.S. government securities, during the existence of any underwriting or selling group relating thereto of which any affiliate of the Funds thereof, is a member, except to the extent permitted by the SEC.

The Funds may use an affiliated broker-dealer as a commodities broker in connection with entering into futures contracts and options on futures contracts if, in the judgment of the Sub-adviser, the use of an affiliated broker-dealer is likely to result in price and execution at least as favorable as those of other qualified broker-dealers, and if, in the transaction, the affiliated broker-dealer charges the Fund a fair and reasonable rate.

[The Funds do not direct brokerage to brokers in recognition of, or as compensation for, the promotion or sale of Fund shares.]

BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS PAID

For the fiscal period from XX to February 28, 2018, including payments to brokers who are affiliated persons of the Funds paid the following brokerage fees:

 

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Fund

   Fiscal Year
Ended
February 28,
     Total $
Amount of

Brokerage
Commissions
Paid (000)
    Total $ Amount
of Commissions
Paid to Affiliated
Brokers (000)
    % of Total
Brokerage
Commissions

Paid to
Affiliated
Brokers
    % of Total
Brokerage

Transactions
Effected Through
Affiliated Brokers
 

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

     2018      $ [       $ [         [     ]%      [     ]% 

Destinations Small –Mid Cap Equity Fund

     2018      $ [       $ [         [     ]%      [     ]% 

Destinations International Equity Fund

     2018      $ [       $ [         [     ]%      [     ]% 

Destinations Equity Income Fund

     2018      $ [       $ [         [     ]%      [     ]% 

Destinations Real Assets Fund

     2018      $ [       $ [         [     ]%      [     ]% 

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

     2018      $ [       $ [         [     ]%      [     ]% 

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

     2018      $ [       $ [         [     ]%      [     ]% 

Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund

     2018      $ [       $ [         [     ]%      [     ]% 

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

     2018      $ [       $ [         [     ]%      [     ]% 

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

     2018      $ [       $ [         [     ]%      [     ]% 

The Trust is required to identify any securities of its “regular broker dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) that the Trust has acquired during its most recent fiscal year. For the fiscal period from XX to February 28, 2018, the Trust held securities from the following issuers:

 

Fund    Type of Security     Name of
Issuer
    Amount
(000)
 

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

   $   [    ]    $   [    ]    $   [    ] 

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

   $   [    ]    $   [    ]    $   [    ] 

Destinations International Equity Fund

   $   [    ]    $   [    ]    $   [    ] 

Destinations Equity Income Fund

   $   [    ]    $   [    ]    $   [    ] 

Destinations Real Assets Fund

   $   [    ]    $   [    ]    $   [    ] 

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

   $   [    ]    $   [    ]    $   [    ] 

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

   $   [    ]    $   [    ]    $   [    ] 

Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund

   $   [    ]    $   [    ]    $   [    ] 

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

   $   [    ]    $   [    ]    $   [    ] 

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

   $   [    ]    $   [    ]    $   [    ] 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Funds may engage in active short-term trading to benefit from yield disparities among different issues of securities, to seek short-term profits during periods of fluctuating interest rates or for other reasons. The Funds will not consider portfolio turnover rate a limiting factor in making investment decisions.

A Fund’s turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of its portfolio securities for the year by the monthly average value of the portfolio securities. Securities or options with remaining maturities of one year or less on the date of acquisition are excluded from the calculation. Since the Funds are authorized to engage in transactions in options, it may experience increased portfolio turnover under certain market conditions as a result of their investment strategies. For instance, the exercise of a substantial number of options written by a Fund (because of appreciation of the underlying security in the case of call options or depreciation of the underlying security in the case of put options) could result in a turnover rate in excess of 100%. A portfolio turnover rate of 100% would occur if all of a Fund’s securities that are included in the computation of turnover were replaced once during a period of one year.

 

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Certain practices that may be employed by a Fund could result in high portfolio turnover. For example, portfolio securities may be sold in anticipation of a rise in interest rates (market decline) or purchased in anticipation of a decline in interest rates (market rise) and later sold. In addition, a security may be sold and another of comparable quality purchased at approximately the same time to take advantage of what a Sub-adviser believes to be a temporary disparity in the normal yield relationship between the two securities. These yield disparities may occur for reasons not directly related to the investment quality of particular issues or the general movement of interest rates, such as changes in the overall demand for, or supply of, various types of securities. Portfolio turnover rates may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year and may be affected by cash requirements for redemptions of a Fund’s shares as well as by requirements that enable a Fund to receive favorable tax treatment.

The portfolio turnover rates for the Funds for the fiscal period from [XX] to February 28, 2018 were as follows:

 

Fund       

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

     [52 ]% 

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

     [112 ]% 

Destinations International Equity Fund

     [50 ]% 

Destinations Equity Income Fund

     [57 ]% 

Destinations Real Assets Fund

     [58 ]% 

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

     [170 ]% 

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

     [32 ]% 

Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund

     [64 ]% 

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

     [69 ]% 

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

     [111 ]% 

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES

Adviser; Sub-advisers. Brinker Capital, Inc., serves as investment adviser to the Trust pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (“Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and Brinker Capital. Each Sub-adviser serves as investment adviser to a Fund pursuant to separate written agreements with the Adviser on behalf of the Funds (“Sub-advisory Agreements”).

Each Fund bears its own expenses, which generally include all costs not specifically borne by the Adviser, the distributor, the Sub-advisers, the Administrator, the transfer agent or other service providers. Included among the Funds’ expenses are costs incurred in connection with a Fund’s organization; investment management and administration fees; fees for necessary professional and brokerage services; fees for any pricing services; the costs of regulatory compliance; and costs associated with maintaining the Trust’s legal existence and shareholder relations.

Under the Advisory Agreement, the Fund pays Brinker Capital an investment advisory fee calculated daily at an annual rate based on a Fund’s average daily net assets and paid monthly in arrears. Brinker Capital pays each Sub-adviser a sub-advisory fee from its investment advisory fees. For the fiscal period ended February 28, 2018, the following table shows (i) the aggregate amount of fees paid to the Sub-advisers by Brinker Capital; (ii) the fees retained by Brinker Capital; (iii) the fees waived by Brinker Capital; and (iv) the contractual advisory fee that Brinker Capital is entitled to receive from each Fund:

 

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Table of Contents
     Aggregate
Subadvisory
Fee Paid by
Brinker
Capital
    Portion of
Advisory Fee
Retained by
Brinker
Capital
    Portion of
Advisory Fee
Waived by
Brinker
Capital
    Total
Contractual
Advisory
Fee
 

Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund

     [0.24 ]%      [0.39 ]%      [0.12 ]%      [0.75 ]% 

Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund

     [0.40 ]%      [0.39 ]%      [0.11 ]%      [0.90 ]% 

Destinations International Equity Fund

     [0.50 ]%      [0.39 ]%      [0.11 ]%      [1.00 ]% 

Destinations Equity Income Fund

     [0.28 ]%      [0.39 ]%      [0.13 ]%      [0.80 ]% 

Destinations Real Assets Fund

     [0.57     [0.39 ]%      [0.04 ]%      [1.00 ]% 

Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund

     [0.18 ]%      [0.39 ]%      [0.08 ]%      [0.65 ]% 

Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund

     [0.27 ]%      [0.39 ]%      [0.04 ]%      [0.70 ]% 

Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund

     [0.35 ]%      [0.39 ]%      [0.11 ]%      [0.85 ]% 

Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund

     [0.19 ]%      [0.39 ]%[*]      [0.12 ]%      [0.70 ]%[*] 

Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund

     [0.49 ]%      [0.39 ]%      [0.47 ]%      [1.35 ]% 

 

[* The Adviser voluntarily waived a portion of its advisory fee for the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund in order to keep the Fund’s expected total annual operating expenses at or below 0.80%. This voluntary waiver applied only to the advisory fee and did not apply to any other direct or indirect expenses incurred by the Fund. The Adviser may discontinue all or part of this voluntary waiver at any time. ]

[Each Fund’s actual advisory fees may be less than the amounts set forth above due to the effect of additional voluntary fee waivers. Effective June 30, 2018, Brinker Capital has contractually agreed to waive fees a portion of its advisory fee with respect to any Fund until the period ended June 30, 2019 in order to keep the Fund’s management fees from exceeding 0.39% more than the total amount of sub-advisory fees paid by Brinker Capital with respect to such Fund. The agreement may be amended or terminated only with the consent of the Board of Trustees. ]

Under certain circumstances, the Adviser may engage one or more third-party transition management service providers to execute transactions on behalf of a Fund where the Adviser has allocated a portion of the Fund’s assets away from a particular Sub-adviser, but the Board has not yet approved an advisory agreement with a replacement Sub-adviser or such replacement Sub-adviser has not yet begun managing Fund assets. During such time, the Adviser will instruct the transition manager(s) as to what transactions to effect on behalf of a Fund’s portfolio. The duration of any such transition management services will be determined by the Adviser’s ability to identify an appropriate replacement Sub-adviser and when such replacement Sub-adviser can begin managing Fund assets.

Administrator. Brown Brothers Harriman &Co. serves as the administrator (“Administrator”) to the Funds pursuant to a written agreement (“Administration Agreement”). For its administrative services, the Administrator receives an annual asset-based fee of 2.75 basis points on assets up to the first $5 billion, 2.25 basis points on assets between $5-10 billion, 1.75 basis points on assets between $10-15 billion and 1.5 basis points on assets in excess of $15 billion, plus out-of-pocket expenses. The fee is calculated and allocated daily based on the relative assets of the Fund.

As administrator, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. provides various administrative services, including assisting with the supervision of the Trust’s operations, accounting and bookkeeping, calculating the Fund’s daily NAV, preparing reports to the Fund’s shareholders, preparing and filing reports with the SEC and state securities authorities, preparing and filing tax returns and preparing materials for meetings of the Trustees and its committees

The Adviser and each Sub-adviser pays the salaries of all officers and employees who are employed by them and the Trust, and the Adviser. Brinker Capital maintains office facilities for the Trust. The Adviser, the Sub-advisers and Administrator bear all expenses in connection with the performance of their respective services under the Advisory Agreement, the Sub-advisory Agreements, and the Administration Agreement, except as otherwise provided in the respective agreement.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

The Trust has adopted policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ securities and any ongoing arrangements to make available information about the Funds’ securities holdings. The policy requires that consideration always be given as to whether disclosure of information about a Fund’s securities holdings is in the best interests of the Funds’ shareholders, and that any conflicts of interest between the interests of the Funds’ shareholders and those of the Adviser, the Administrator, the Distributor or their affiliates, be addressed in a manner that places the interests of Fund shareholders first. The policy provides that information regarding a Fund’s securities holdings may not be shared with non-employees of the Trust’s service providers, with investors or potential investors (whether individual or institutional), or with third-parties unless it is done for legitimate Funds’ business purposes and in accordance with the policy.

 

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The policy generally provides for the release of details of securities positions once they are considered “stale.” Data is considered stale 5 calendar days following month-end with respect to the Funds. The Adviser believes that this passage of time prevents a third-party from benefiting from an investment decision made by a portfolio that has not been fully reflected by the market.

Under the policy, the Funds’ complete list of holdings (including the size of each position) may be made available to investors, potential investors, third-parties and non-employees with simultaneous public disclosure at least 5 days after calendar month-end. Typically, simultaneous public disclosure is achieved by the filing of Form N-Q or Form N-CSR in accordance with SEC rules, provided that such filings may not be made until 5 days following month-end and/or posting the information to the Trust’s Internet site that is accessible by the public, or through public release by a third-party vendor.

Under the policy, if information about a Fund’s securities holdings is released pursuant to an ongoing arrangement with any party, the Fund must have a legitimate business purpose for the release of the information, and either the party receiving the information must be under a duty of confidentiality, or the release of non-public information must be subject to trading restrictions and confidential treatment to prohibit the entity from sharing with an unauthorized source or trading upon any non-public information provided. The Funds, the Adviser, any service provider and any of their affiliated parties may not receive compensation or any other consideration in connection with such arrangements. Ongoing arrangements to make available information about the Funds’ portfolio securities will be reviewed at least annually by the Trustees.

The approval of the CCO, or his or her designee, must be obtained before entering into any new ongoing arrangement or altering any existing ongoing arrangement to make available portfolio holdings information, or with respect to any exceptions to the policy. Any exceptions to the policy must be consistent with the purposes of the policy. Exceptions are considered on a case-by-case basis and are granted only after a thorough examination and consultation with the Adviser’s and Administrator’s legal department, as necessary. Exceptions to the policies are reported to the Trustees at their next regularly scheduled meeting.

Set forth below is a chart showing those parties with whom the Adviser, on behalf of the Funds, has authorized ongoing arrangements that include the release of portfolio holding information, the frequency of the release under such arrangements, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the below as recipients are service providers, fund rating agencies, consultants and analysts.

The Funds may release their portfolio holdings to the following recipients:

 

Recipient    Frequency    Delay Before Dissemination
BBH&Co. (Administrator, Fund Custodian and Accounting Agent)    Daily    None
FactSet Research Systems Inc.    Daily    None
MorningStar Inc.    Monthly    5 days after month end
Bloomberg    Monthly    5 days after month end
Foreside    Monthly    Last business day
Global Trading Analytics    Monthly    Last business day
Ernst & Young (Passive Foreign Investment Company analytics    As Needed    None
ISS (Proxy Voting Services)    As Needed    None
Tait Weller (Audit Firm)    As Needed    None

Proxy Voting Policies

Although individual Trustees may not agree with particular policies or votes by the Adviser, the Board has approved delegating proxy voting discretion to the Adviser and Sub-advisers believing that they should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

Non-equity securities, such as debt obligations and money market instruments are not usually considered to be voting securities, and proxy voting, if any, is typically limited to the solicitation of consents to changes in or waivers of features of debt securities, or plans of reorganization involving the issuer of the security. In the rare event that proxies are solicited with respect to any of these securities, the Adviser or the Sub-adviser, as the case may be, would vote the proxy in accordance with the principles set forth in its proxy voting policies and procedures, including the procedures used when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser or the Sub-adviser or any affiliated person of the Fund and the Fund’s shareholders, on the other.

 

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Attached as Appendix B are copies of the guidelines and procedures that the Adviser and Sub-advisers use to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the Adviser and or Sub-advisers use when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser or any affiliated person of the Trust or the Adviser or Sub-advisers, on the other. This summary of the guidelines gives a general indication as to how the Adviser and Sub-advisers will vote proxies relating to portfolio securities on each issue listed. However, the guidelines do not address all potential voting issues or the intricacies that may surround individual proxy votes. For that reason, there may be instances in which votes may vary from the guidelines presented. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser and-or Sub-advisers as applicable always endeavors to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives.

The proxy voting policies of the Sub-advisers, or summaries thereof, are also found in Appendix B.

Information on how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12 month period ended June 30 will be available, without charge, on the Trust’s website at: www.destinationsfunds.com.

Code of Ethics

Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act, each of the Trust, the Adviser, each Sub-adviser and distributor has adopted a code of ethics that permits personnel to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by a Fund of the Trust. All personnel must place the interests of clients first and avoid activities, interests and relationships that might interfere with the duty to make decisions in the best interests of the clients. All personal securities transactions by employees must adhere to the requirements of the code and must be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest, the appearance of such a conflict, or the abuse of an employee’s position of trust and responsibility.

Copies of the codes of ethics of the Trust, the Adviser, Sub-advisers and distributor are on file with the SEC.

COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, located at 1701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, serves as counsel to the Trust. Kathryn B. McGrath, Esq. of the Law Offices of Ian M. McGrath PLC serves as independent counsel to the Independent Trustees.

Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, located at 1818 Market Street Suite 2400, Philadelphia, PA 19103, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Trust.

In the interest of economy and convenience, certificates representing shares in the Trust are not physically issued. UMB Fund Services, Inc., the Trust’s transfer agent, maintains a record of each shareholder’s ownership of Trust shares. Shares do not have cumulative voting rights, meaning that holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect all Trustees. Shares are transferable, but have no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights. Shareholders generally vote on a Trust-wide basis, except with respect to proposals affecting an individual Fund, such as those with respect to the Advisory Agreement.

PORTFOLIO MANAGER DISCLOSURE

[Portfolio Managers]

Brinker Capital, Inc.

Compensation. Brinker Capital compensates each portfolio manager for his or her management of the Funds. The portfolio manager’s discretionary annual bonus includes a combination of both the Destinations Advisory portfolios performance and overall company performance. Each portfolio manager’s discretionary annual bonus is determined by the performance of the advisory portfolios (which utilize the Funds and are offered by Brinker) for which the portfolio manager is responsible for over both a short-term and long-term time horizon. Additional factors in the discretionary annual bonus for each portfolio manager include a qualitative review of the portfolio managers contributions to the Adviser and the overall performance of the Adviser.

Ownership of Fund Shares. The following table sets forth the dollar range of shares beneficially owned by each Portfolio Manager as of February 28, 2018:

 

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Table of Contents

Name of Fund

  

Name of Portfolio Manager

  

Dollar Range of Fund Shares Beneficially Owned

Destinations Large Cap Equity    Jeff Raupp    [$100,001 to $500,000]
Destinations International Equity    Jeff Raupp    [$100,001 to $500,000]
Destinations Small Mid Cap Equity    Jeff Raupp    [$100,001 to $500,000]
Destinations Real Assets    Jeff Raupp    [$50,001 to $100,000]
Destinations Equity Income    Jeff Raupp    [$10,001 to $50,000]
Destinations Muni Fixed Income    Jeff Raupp    [$10,001 to $50,000]
Destinations Multi Strategy Alts    Jeff Raupp    [$10,001 to $50,000]
Destinations Core Fixed Income    Jeff Raupp    [$1 to $10,000]
Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities    Jeff Raupp    [$1 to $10,000]
Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income    Jeff Raupp    [$1 to $10,000]

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

Jeff Raupp, CFA

     [0   $ [0     [10   $ [25     [12,805   $ [3,470

Amy Magnotta, CFA

     [0   $ [0     [10   $ [25     [12,805   $ [3,470

Leigh Lowman, CFA

     [0   $ [0     [10   $ [25     [12,805   $ [3,470

Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers’ management of registered investment companies other pooled investment vehicles or other accounts may give rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest in connection with their day-to-day oversight of the Funds’ investments. The other accounts might have similar investment objectives as the Funds or hold, purchase or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Funds.

While the portfolio managers’ management of the other accounts may give rise to the following potential conflicts of interest, Brinker Capital does not believe that the conflicts, if any, are material or, to the extent any such conflicts are material, Brinker Capital believes that it has designed policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to manage such conflicts in an appropriate way.

Knowledge of the Timing and Size of Fund Trades. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers’ day-to-day oversight of the Funds. Because of their positions with the Funds, the portfolio managers know the size, timing and possible market impact of Fund trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio managers could use this information to the advantage of the other accounts and to the possible detriment of the Funds. However, Brinker Capital has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time.

Investment Opportunities. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers’ oversight of the Funds and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow them to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors the other accounts over the Funds. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Brinker Capital or the portfolio managers receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts than the Funds. Notwithstanding this theoretical conflict of interest, it is Brinker Capital’s policy to manage each account based on its investment objectives and related restrictions and, as discussed above, Brinker Capital has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time and in a manner consistent with each account’s investment objectives and related restrictions. For example, while the portfolio managers may buy for other accounts securities that differ in identity or quantity from securities bought for the Funds, such an approach might not be suitable for the Funds given their investment objectives and related restrictions.

Avenue Capital Group

Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. (“Avenue”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund. Avenue is a Delaware limited partnership and an SEC-registered investment adviser. Avenue is part of Avenue Capital Group, which comprises four registered investment advisers (including Avenue) that have extensive experience investing in stressed and distressed obligations in the United States, Europe and Asia. Headquartered in New York with 9 offices throughout Europe and Asia, Avenue Capital Group manages assets of approximately $9.1 billion as of December 31, 2017. Avenue Capital Group and Avenue are located at 399 Park Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, New York 10022.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays Avenue a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Avenue and Brinker Capital. Avenue’s financial arrangements with its investment professionals, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. Generally, the basis for determining an investment professional’s total compensation is determined

 

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through a process that evaluates an investment professional’s performance against several quantitative and qualitative factors, the investment professional’s ability to work well with other members of Avenue, the investment professional’s contributions to Avenue’s overall success and other factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary and a bonus.

Mr. Gary, who serves as the Portfolio Manager for the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund, receives base compensation based on his seniority and/or position with the firm using the criteria described above. Mr. Gary also receives additional compensation in the form of a bonus based on a portion of Avenue’s management fee revenue from the funds for which he serves as a portfolio manager.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio manager [did not] beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund, the portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
     Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
     Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
     Total Assets
(in millions)
     Number
of Accounts
     Total Assets
(in millions)
     Number
of Accounts
     Total Assets
(in millions)
 

Jeffrey J. Gary

     [1*]      $ [53.1]        [0]      $ [0]        [8]      $ [12.0]  

[*    The Avenue Credit Strategies Fund has been liquidated as of 3/14/2018.]

     

Conflicts of Interest. Because Avenue manages assets for other investment companies, pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts (including institutional clients, pension plans and certain high net worth individuals), certain conflicts of interest are present. For instance, Avenue receives fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fees received from the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund, or receives a performance-based fee on certain accounts. In those instances, Avenue has an incentive to favor the higher and/or performance-based fee accounts over the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund. In addition, a conflict of interest exists to the extent Avenue has proprietary investments in certain accounts or where the portfolio manager or other employees of Avenue have personal investments in certain accounts. Avenue has an incentive to favor these accounts over the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund. Because Avenue manages accounts that engage in short sales of (or otherwise take short positions in) securities or other instruments of the type in which the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund invests, Avenue could be seen as harming the performance of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund for the benefit of the accounts taking short positions, if such short positions cause the market value of the securities to fall. Avenue has adopted trade allocation and other policies and procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to address these and other conflicts of interest. These policies and procedures will have the effect of foreclosing certain investment opportunities for the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund from time to time.

Avenue manages assets for accounts other than the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund, including private funds. The expected risk and return profile for the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund is generally lower than for most of the other funds managed by Avenue. The Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund may invest in the same credit obligations as other funds managed by Avenue, although their investments may include different obligations of the same issuer. For example, the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund might invest in senior loans issued by a borrower and one or more other funds managed by Avenue might invest in the borrower’s junior debt. In addition, Avenue manages certain accounts that invest in certain types of credit obligations in which the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund may also invest. Investment opportunities appropriate for both the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund and another fund managed by Avenue generally will be allocated between the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund and the other Avenue fund in a manner that Avenue believes to be fair and equitable under the circumstances, in accordance with Avenue’s trade allocation policies.

Although the professional staff of Avenue will devote as much time to the management of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund as Avenue deems appropriate to perform their duties in accordance with the investment sub-advisory agreement and in accordance with reasonable commercial standards, the professional staff of Avenue may have conflicts in allocating their time and services among the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund and other funds managed by Avenue. Avenue and its affiliates are not restricted from forming additional investment funds, from entering into other investment advisory relationships or from engaging in other business activities, even though such activities may be in competition with the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund and/or may involve substantial time and resources of Avenue and its professional staff. These activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of the members of Avenue and its officers and employees will not be devoted exclusively to the business of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund but will be allocated between the business of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund and the management of the assets of other clients of Avenue.

 

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Avenue or its respective members, officers, directors, employees, principals or affiliates may come into possession of material, non-public information. The possession of such information may limit the ability of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund to buy or sell a security or otherwise to participate in an investment opportunity. Situations may occur where the Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund could be disadvantaged because of the investment activities conducted by Avenue for other clients, and Avenue generally will not employ information barriers with regard to its operations on behalf of its registered and private funds, or other accounts. In certain circumstances, employees of Avenue may serve as board members or in other capacities for portfolio or potential portfolio companies, which could restrict the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund’s ability to trade in the securities of such companies.

BAMCO, Inc.

BAMCO, Inc. (“BAMCO”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations International Equity Fund. BAMCO is a New York Corporation and has been an SEC-registered investment adviser since March 6, 1987. As of February 28, 2018, BAMCO had assets under management of approximately [$19.8 billion].

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays BAMCO a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations International Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between BAMCO and Brinker Capital. BAMCO pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations International Equity Fund. BAMCO’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

The compensation for Mr. Kass includes a base salary and an annual bonus that is based, in part, on the amount of assets he manages, as well as his long-term investment performance, his overall contribution to BAMCO, and BAMCO’s profitability.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio manager did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations International Equity Fund.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations International Equity Fund, the portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

Michael Kass

     [1   $ [5,567     [2   $ [151     [1   $ [428

Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts of interest could arise in connection with managing the Destinations International Equity Fund along with the Baron Funds® and the accounts of other clients of BAMCO and of clients of BAMCO’s affiliated investment adviser, Baron Capital Management, Inc. Because of market conditions, client investment restrictions, sub-adviser imposed investment guidelines and the consideration of factors such as cash availability and diversification considerations, not all investment opportunities will be available to the Destinations International Equity Fund and all clients at all times. BAMCO has joint trading policies and procedures designed to ensure that no Baron Fund or client is systematically given preferential treatment over time. BAMCO’s Chief Compliance Officer monitors allocations for compliance with this policy. Because an investment opportunity may be suitable for multiple accounts, the Destinations International Equity Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity because the opportunity may be allocated among many or all of the Baron Funds® and accounts of clients managed by BAMCO and its affiliate.

To the extent that the Destinations International Equity Fund’s portfolio manager has responsibilities for managing other client accounts, the portfolio manager may have conflicts of interest with respect to his time and attention among relevant accounts. In addition, differences in the investment restrictions or strategies among a Baron Fund and other accounts may cause the portfolio manager to take action with respect to another account that differs from the action taken with respect to the Destinations International Equity Fund. In some cases, another account managed by the portfolio manager may provide more revenue to BAMCO. While this may create additional conflicts of interest for the portfolio manager in the allocation of management time, resources and investment opportunities, BAMCO takes all necessary steps to ensure that the portfolio manager endeavors to exercise his discretion in a manner that is equitable to the Destinations International Equity Fund and other accounts.

BAMCO believes that it has policies and procedures in place that address the Destinations International Equity Fund’s potential conflicts of interest. Such policies and procedures address, among other things, trading practices (e.g., brokerage commissions, cross trading, aggregation and allocation of transactions, sequential transactions, allocations of orders for execution to brokers and portfolio performance dispersion review), disclosure of confidential information and employee trading.

 

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BlackRock Investment Management, LLC

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (“BIM”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”), serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds. BIM is a Delaware limited partnership and an SEC-registered investment adviser.

BIM has its principal offices at 1 University Square Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540. BIM is a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., one of the largest publicly traded investment management firms in the United States having, together with its affiliates, approximately $[5.15 trillion] in assets under management as of February 28, 2018. BlackRock is an affiliate of The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc.

Compensation Brinker Capital pays BIM a fee based on the portion of assets under management of each of the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds allocated to BIM as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between BIM and Brinker Capital. BIM pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds. BIM’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

BlackRock’s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock.

Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.

Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, the performance of the portfolio manager’s group within BlackRock, the investment performance, including risk-adjusted returns, of the firm’s assets under management or supervision by that portfolio manager relative to predetermined benchmarks, and the individual’s performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock. In most cases, these benchmarks are the same as the benchmark or benchmarks against which the performance of the each of the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds or other accounts managed by the portfolio managers are measured. Among other things, BlackRock’s Chief Investment Officers make a subjective determination with respect to each portfolio manager’s compensation based on the performance of each of the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds and other accounts managed by each portfolio manager relative to the various benchmarks. Performance of fixed income funds (and multi-asset class funds with respect to the portfolio managers for Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund) is measured on a pre-tax and/or after-tax basis over various time periods including 1-, 3- and 5- year periods, as applicable. Performance of index funds is based on the performance of such funds relative to pre-determined tolerance bands around a benchmark, as applicable. With respect to Mr. Mauro and Mr. Radell, such benchmarks for the Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund and other accounts for Mr. Mauro are a combination of market-based indices and for Mr. Radell a combination of market-based indices, certain customized indices and certain fund industry peer groups. The performance of Mses. Aguirre and Hsui and Messrs. Jue and Mason is not measured against a specific benchmark.

Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. For some portfolio managers, discretionary incentive compensation is also distributed in deferred cash awards that notionally track the returns of select BlackRock investment products they manage and that vest ratably over a number of years. BlackRock restricted stock units, upon vesting, will be settled in BlackRock common stock. Typically, the cash portion of the discretionary incentive compensation, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying a portion of discretionary incentive compensation in BlackRock stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock’s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods. Providing a portion of discretionary incentive compensation in deferred cash awards that notionally track the BlackRock investment products they manage provides direct alignment with investment product results.

Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock common stock. The portfolio managers of each of the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds have unvested long-term incentive awards.

 

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Deferred Compensation Program — A portion of the compensation paid to eligible United States-based BlackRock employees may be voluntarily deferred at their election for defined periods of time into an account that tracks the performance of certain of the firm’s investment products. Any portfolio manager who is either a managing director or director at BlackRock with compensation above a specified threshold is eligible to participate in the deferred compensation program.

Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base salary and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:

Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (RSP), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the Internal Revenue Service limit ($270,000 for 2017). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into a target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the purchase date. All of the eligible portfolio managers are eligible to participate in these plans

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the Portfolio Managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
 

Alan Mason

     [401   $ [1,170     [805   $ [674.4     [574   $ [611.2
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [5 *]    $ [6.09

Jennifer Hsui

     [160   $ [460     [15   $ [4.78     [0   $ [0

Creighton Jue, CFA

     [87   $ [122.3     [61   $ [69.1     [45   $ [33.94
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [2 *]    $ [3.22

Rachel Aguirre

     [92   $ [125     [142   $ [573.9     [131   $ [541.7

Scott Radell, CFA

     [96   $ [276     [6   $ [2.88     [8   $ [4.10

James Mauro

     [86   $ [270.5     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0

[*  These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.]

   

Conflicts of Interest. BlackRock has built a professional working environment, firm-wide compliance culture and compliance procedures and systems designed to protect against potential incentives that may favor one account over another. BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures that address the allocation of investment opportunities, execution of portfolio transactions, personal trading by employees and other potential conflicts of interest that are designed to ensure that all client accounts are treated equitably over time. Nevertheless, BlackRock furnishes investment management and advisory services to numerous clients in addition to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds, and BlackRock may, consistent with applicable law, make investment recommendations to other clients or accounts (including accounts which are hedge funds or have performance or higher fees paid to BlackRock, or in which portfolio managers have a personal interest in the receipt of such fees), which may be the same as or different from those made to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds. In addition, BlackRock, its affiliates and significant shareholders and any officer, director, shareholder or employee may or may not have an interest in the securities whose purchase and sale BlackRock recommends to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds. BlackRock, or any of its affiliates or significant shareholders, or any officer, director, shareholder, employee or any member of their families may take different actions than those recommended to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds by BlackRock with respect to the same securities. Moreover, BlackRock may refrain from rendering any advice or services concerning securities of companies of which any of BlackRock’s (or its affiliates’ or significant shareholders’) officers, directors or employees are directors or officers, or companies as to which BlackRock or any of its affiliates or significant shareholders or the officers, directors and employees of any of them has any substantial economic interest or possesses material non-public information. Certain portfolio managers also may manage accounts whose investment strategies may at times be

 

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opposed to the strategy utilized for the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Core Fixed Income Funds. It should also be noted that Messrs. Mauro and Radell may be managing hedge fund and/or long only accounts, or may be part of a team managing hedge fund and/or long only accounts, subject to incentive fees. Messrs. Mauro and Radell may therefore be entitled to receive a portion of any incentive fees earned on such accounts.

As a fiduciary, BlackRock owes a duty of loyalty to its clients and must treat each client fairly. When BlackRock purchases or sells securities for more than one account, the trades must be allocated in a manner consistent with its fiduciary duties. BlackRock attempts to allocate investments in a fair and equitable manner among client accounts, with no account receiving preferential treatment. To this end, BlackRock has adopted policies that are intended to ensure reasonable efficiency in client transactions and provide BlackRock with sufficient flexibility to allocate investments in a manner that is consistent with the particular investment discipline and client base, as appropriate.

Ceredex Value Advisors LLC

Ceredex Value Advisors LLC (“Ceredex”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund. Ceredex is a Delaware limited liability company and an SEC-registered investment adviser. The firm was established in 2008 after 19 years functioning as RidgeWorth Investments’ value style investment management team. As of February 28, 2018, Ceredex had approximately $[10.8 billion] in assets under management. Ceredex is a value equity asset management firm that seeks to identify catalysts that may lead to appreciation in undervalued, dividend-paying stocks.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays Ceredex a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Ceredex and Brinker Capital. Ceredex pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund. Ceredex’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

Portfolio manager compensation generally consists of base salary, bonus, and various employee benefits and may also include long-term stock awards, retention bonuses, or incentive guarantees. These components are tailored in an effort to retain high quality investment professionals and to align compensation with performance.

A portfolio manager’s base salary is determined by the individual’s experience, responsibilities within the firm, performance in the role, and market rate for the position.

Each portfolio manager’s bonus may be structured differently but generally incorporates an evaluation of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund’s investment performance as well as other subjective factors. Investment performance may be evaluated directly against a peer group and/or benchmark, or indirectly by measuring overall business unit financial performance over a period of time. Where applicable, investment performance is determined by comparing a fund’s pre-tax total return to the returns of the fund’s peer group and/or benchmark over multi-year periods. Where portfolio managers are responsible for multiple funds or other managed accounts, each product is weighted based on its size and relative strategic importance to the Sub-adviser. Other subjective factors that may be considered in the calculation of incentive bonuses include: adherence to compliance policies, risk management practices, sales/marketing, leadership, communications, corporate citizenship, and overall contribution to the firm. Bonuses are typically paid annually.

In addition, certain portfolio managers may participate in the equity plan of the Sub-adviser’s parent company designed to provide compensation opportunities linking a participant’s compensation to the financial and operational performance of the Sub-adviser’s parent company.

Retention bonuses and/or incentive guarantees for a fixed period may also be used when the Sub-adviser deems it necessary to recruit or retain the employee.

All full-time employees of the Sub-adviser, including the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund’s portfolio manager, are provided a benefits package on substantially similar terms. The percentage of each individual’s compensation provided by these benefits is dependent upon length of employment, salary level, and several other factors.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the Portfolio Manager did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund.

 

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Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity, the portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

Don Wordell, CFA

     [2   $ [2,963     [1   $ [74     [7   $ [317

Conflicts of Interest. A portfolio manager’s management of both the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund and the other accounts listed in the table above at the same time may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. If the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund and the other accounts have identical investment objectives, the portfolio manager could favor one or more accounts over the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund.

Another potential conflict may arise from the portfolio manager’s knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund’s trades if the portfolio manager used this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund.

In addition, aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund or another account if one account is favored over another in allocating the securities purchased or sold.

The Sub-adviser has established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts it manages are allocated in a manner the Sub-adviser believes is fair and equitable.

Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC

Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“CMIA”) is located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110. CMIA is a registered investment adviser and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial. CMIA’s management experience covers all major asset classes, including equity securities, fixed-income securities and money market instruments. In addition to serving as an investment adviser to traditional mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and closed-end funds, CMIA acts as an investment adviser for itself, its affiliates, individuals, corporations, retirement plans, private investment companies and financial intermediaries.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays CMIA a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between CMIA and Brinker Capital. CMIA pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds. CMIA’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

Portfolio manager direct compensation is typically comprised of a base salary, and an annual incentive award that is paid either in the form of a cash bonus if the size of the award is under a specified threshold, or, if the size of the award is over a specified threshold, the award is paid in a combination of a cash bonus, an equity incentive award, and deferred compensation. Equity incentive awards are made in the form of Ameriprise Financial restricted stock, or for more senior employees both Ameriprise Financial restricted stock and stock options. The investment return credited on deferred compensation is based on the performance of specified Columbia Funds, in most cases including the Columbia Funds the portfolio manager manages.

Base salary is typically determined based on market data relevant to the employee’s position, as well as other factors including internal equity. Base salaries are reviewed annually, and increases are typically given as promotional increases, internal equity adjustments, or market adjustments.

Annual incentive awards are variable and are based on (1) an evaluation of the employee’s investment performance and (2) the results of a peer and/or management review of the employee, which takes into account skills and attributes such as team participation, investment process, communication, and professionalism. Scorecards are used to measure performance of Columbia Funds and other accounts managed by the employee versus benchmarks and/or peer groups. Performance versus benchmark and peer group is generally weighted for the rolling one, three, and five year periods. One year performance is weighted 10%, three year performance is weighted 60%, and five year performance is weighted 30%. Relative asset size is a key determinant for fund weighting on a scorecard. Typically, weighting would be proportional to actual assets. Consideration may also be given to performance in managing client assets in sectors and industries assigned to the employee as part of his/her investment team responsibilities, where applicable. For leaders who also have group management responsibilities, another factor in their evaluation is an assessment of the group’s overall investment performance.

 

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Equity incentive awards are designed to align participants’ interests with those of the shareholders of Ameriprise Financial. Equity incentive awards vest over multiple years, so they help retain employees.

Deferred compensation awards are designed to align participants’ interests with the investors in the Columbia Funds and other accounts they manage. The value of the deferral account is based on the performance of Columbia Funds. Employees have the option of selecting from various Columbia Funds for their deferral account, however portfolio managers must allocate a minimum of 25% of their incentive awarded through the deferral program to the Columbia Fund(s) they manage. Deferrals vest over multiple years, so they help retain employees.

Exceptions to this general approach to bonuses exist for certain teams and individuals. Funding for the bonus pool is determined by management and depends on, among other factors, the levels of compensation generally in the investment management industry taking into account investment performance (based on market compensation data) and both Ameriprise Financial and Columbia Management profitability for the year, which is largely determined by assets under management.

For all employees the benefit programs generally are the same, and are competitive within the financial services industry. Employees participate in a wide variety of plans, including options in Medical, Dental, Vision, Health Care and Dependent Spending Accounts, Life Insurance, Long Term Disability Insurance, 401(k), and a cash balance pension plan.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers [did not] beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds.

Other Accounts. As of [December 31, 2018,] in addition to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

Steve Schroll**

     [3   $ [5,580     [1   $ [5.85     [9   $ [101.30

Paul Stocking**

     [3   $ [5,580     [1   $ [5.85     [16   $ [110.21

Dean Ramos, CFA**

     [3   $ [5,580     [1   $ [5.85     [9   $ [98.99

Thomas Galvin, CFA

     [6   $ [5,510     [2   $ [529.18     [1,319   $ [4,330
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [3 *]    $ [993.81

Richard Carter

     [6   $ [5,510     [2   $ [529.17     [1,320   $ [4,310
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [3 *]    $ [993.81

Todd Herget

     [6   $ [5,510     [2   $ [529.17     [1,323   $ [4,310
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [3 *]    $ [993.81

 

[* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.]
[** These accounts are not subject to a performance-based advisory fee.]

Conflicts of Interest. Like other investment professionals with multiple clients, the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds’ portfolio managers may face certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with managing both the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds and other accounts at the same time. CMIA has adopted compliance policies and procedures that attempt to address certain of the potential conflicts that portfolio managers face in this regard. Certain of these conflicts of interest are summarized below.

The management of accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance (performance fee accounts), may raise potential conflicts of interest for a portfolio manager by creating an incentive to favor higher fee accounts.

Potential conflicts of interest also may arise when a portfolio manager has personal investments in other accounts that may create an incentive to favor those accounts. As a general matter and subject to CMIA’s Code of Ethics and certain limited exceptions, CMIA’s investment professionals do not have the opportunity to invest in client accounts, other than Columbia funds.

A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts managed by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.

 

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A portfolio manager may be able to select or influence the selection of the broker/dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds. A portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of broker/dealers could produce disproportionate costs and benefits among the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds and the other accounts the portfolio manager manages.

A potential conflict of interest may arise when a portfolio manager buys or sells the same securities for the Destinations Large Cap Equity and/or Destinations Equity Income Funds and other accounts. On occasions when a portfolio manager considers the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of the Destinations Large Cap Equity and/or Destinations Equity Income Funds as well as other accounts, CMIA’s trading desk may, to the extent consistent with applicable laws and regulations, aggregate the securities to be sold or bought in order to obtain the best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. Aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and/or Destinations Equity Income Funds or another account if a portfolio manager favors one account over another in allocating the securities bought or sold. CMIA and its participating affiliates (including Threadneedle) (“Participating Affiliates”) may coordinate their trading operations for certain types of securities and transactions pursuant to personnel-sharing agreements or similar intercompany arrangements. However, typically CMIA does not coordinate trading activities with a Participating Affiliate with respect to accounts of that Participating Affiliate unless such Participating Affiliate is also providing trading services for accounts managed by CMIA. Similarly, a Participating Affiliate typically does not coordinate trading activities with CMIA with respect to accounts of CMIA unless CMIA is also providing trading services for accounts managed by such Participating Affiliate. As a result, it is possible that CMIA and its Participating Affiliates may trade in the same instruments at the same time, in the same or opposite direction or in different sequence, which could negatively impact the prices paid by the Destinations Large Cap Equity and the Destinations Equity Income Funds on such instruments. Additionally, in circumstances where trading services are being provided on a coordinated basis for CMIA’s accounts (including the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds) and the accounts of one or more Participating Affiliates in accordance with applicable law, it is possible that the allocation opportunities available to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and/or the Destinations Equity Income Funds may be decreased, especially for less actively traded securities, or orders may take longer to execute, which may negatively impact the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds performance.

“Cross trades,” in which a portfolio manager sells a particular security held by the Destinations Large Cap Equity or Destinations Equity Income Funds to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), could involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, a portfolio manager is permitted to sell a security from one account to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay. CMIA have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between the Fund and another account managed by CMIA are to be made at a current market price, consistent with applicable laws and regulations.

Another potential conflict of interest may arise based on the different investment objectives and strategies of the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds and other accounts managed by its portfolio manager(s). Depending on another account’s objectives and other factors, a portfolio manager may give advice to and make decisions for the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of decisions made, with respect to another account. A portfolio manager’s investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular account involved. Thus, a portfolio manager may buy or sell a particular security for certain accounts, and not for the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds, even though it could have been bought or sold for the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds at the same time. A portfolio manager also may buy a particular security for one or more accounts when one or more other accounts are selling the security (including short sales). There may be circumstances when a portfolio manager’s purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more accounts may have an adverse effect on other accounts, including the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds.

The Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds’ portfolio managers also may have other potential conflicts of interest in managing the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could exist in managing the Destinations Large Cap Equity and Destinations Equity Income Funds and other accounts. Many of the potential conflicts of interest to which CMIA’s portfolio managers are subject are essentially the same or similar to the potential conflicts of interest related to the investment management activities of CMIA and its affiliates.

CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC

CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC (“CrossingBridge”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. CrossingBridge is a Delaware limited liability company and an SEC-registered investment adviser which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cohanzick, an SEC registered investment adviser. Cohanzick is controlled by David K. Sherman.

 

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Compensation. Brinker Capital pays CrossingBridge a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between CrossingBridge and Brinker Capital. CrossingBridge pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. CrossingBridge’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018. CrossingBridge seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. As portfolio manager,

Mr. Sherman receives a compensation and benefits package. Mr. Sherman’s compensation is based on the performance of his accounts and contribution to the overall growth and profitability of the firm. Mr. Sherman is provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. In addition, Mr. Sherman is a substantial equity owner of CrossingBridge and thus receives compensation based on CrossingBridge’s overall profitability

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 3018, the portfolio manager did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds the portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

David K. Sherman

     [3   $ [1,331.8     [5   $ [64.8     [5   $ [245.8
     [0     [0     [3 *]      [44     [2 *]    $ [12.5

 

[* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.]

Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of CrossingBridge’s management of the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and/or the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds and its, or its affiliate’s management of other accounts, which, in theory, may allow CrossingBridge to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that CrossingBridge or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and/or the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. CrossingBridge (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and/or the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and/or the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds and the other accounts in a manner that CrossingBridge determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds.

To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, CrossingBridge has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients are treated on a fair and equitable basis

Delaware Investments Fund Advisers

Delaware Investments Fund Advisers (“DIFA”), a series of Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (“MIMBT”), serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. MIMBT is a subsidiary of Macquarie Management Holdings, Inc. (“MMHI”). MMHI is a subsidiary and subject to the ultimate control of Macquarie Group Limited (“Macquarie”). Macquarie is a Sydney, Australia-headquartered global provider of banking, financial, advisory, investment and funds management services. “Macquarie Investment Management” is the marketing name for MMHI and its subsidiaries. Neither the Sub-adviser nor its affiliates referred to in this document are authorized deposit-taking institutions for the purposes of the Banking Act 1959 (Commonwealth of Australia). The obligations of these entities do not represent deposits or other liabilities of Macquarie Bank Limited (“MBL”), a subsidiary of Macquarie and an affiliate of the Sub-adviser. MBL does not guarantee or otherwise provide assurance in respect of the obligations of that entity, unless noted otherwise.

 

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Compensation. Brinker Capital pays the Sub-adviser a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Sub-adviser and Brinker Capital. The Sub-adviser pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. The Sub-adviser’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

Compensation Structure

Each portfolio’s manager’s compensation consists of the following:

Base Salary – Each named portfolio manager receives a fixed base salary. Salaries are determined by a comparison to industry data prepared by third parties to ensure that portfolio manager salaries are in line with salaries paid at peer investment advisory firms.

Bonus – Each named portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus. The bonus pool is determined by the revenues associated with the products a portfolio manager manages. Macquarie Investment Management keeps a percentage of the revenues and the remaining percentage of revenues (minus appropriate expenses associated with relevant product and the investment management team) create the “bonus pool” for the product. Various members of the team have the ability to earn a percentage of the bonus pool. The pool is allotted based on subjective factors and objective factors. The primary objective factor is the one-, three-, and five-year performance of the funds managed relative to the performance of the appropriate Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (formerly, Lipper Inc.) peer groups and the performance of institutional composites relative to the appropriate indices. Three- and five-year performance is weighted more heavily and there is no objective award for a fund whose performance falls below the 50th percentile for a given time period.

Individual allocations of the bonus pool are based on individual performance measurements, both objective and subjective, as determined by senior management.

Portfolio managers participate in retention programs, including the Delaware Investments Incentive Unit Plan, the Delaware Investments Notional Investment Plan, and the Macquarie Group Employee Retained Equity Plan, for alignment of interest purposes.

Delaware Investments Incentive Unit Plan – Portfolio managers may be awarded incentive unit awards (“Awards”) relating to the underlying shares of common stock of Macquarie Management Holdings, Inc. issuable pursuant to the terms of the Delaware Investments Incentive Unit Plan (the “Plan”) adopted on November 30, 2010.

The Plan was adopted in order to: assist the Manager in attracting, retaining, and rewarding key employees of the company; enable such employees to acquire or increase an equity interest in the company in order to align the interest of such employees and the Manager; and provide such employees with incentives to expend their maximum efforts. Subject to the terms of the Plan and applicable award agreements, Awards typically vest in 25% increments on a four-year schedule, and shares of common stock underlying the Awards are issued after vesting. The fair market value of the shares of Macquarie Management Holdings, Inc., is normally determined as of each March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 by an independent appraiser. Generally, a stockholder may put shares back to the company during the put period communicated in connection with the applicable valuation.

Delaware Investments Notional Investment Plan – A portion of a portfolio manager’s retained profit share may be notionally exposed to the return of a portfolio of Delaware Investments Family of Funds managed funds pursuant to the terms of the Delaware Investments Notional Investment Plan. The retained amount will vest in three equal tranches in each of the first, second and third years following the date upon which the investment is made.

Macquarie Group Employee Retained Equity Plan – A portion of a portfolio manager’s retained profit share may be invested in the Macquarie Group Employee Retained Equity Plan (“MEREP”), which is used to deliver remuneration in the form of Macquarie Group Limited (“Macquarie”) equity. The main type of award currently being offered under the MEREP is units comprising a beneficial interest in a Macquarie share held in a trust for the employee, subject to the vesting and forfeiture provisions of the MEREP. Subject to vesting conditions, vesting and release of the shares occurs in equal tranches two, three, and four years after the date of investment.

Other Compensation – Portfolio managers may also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the Portfolio Managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund.

 

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Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
 

D. Tysen Nutt, Jr.

     [10   $ [15.6     [5   $ [1     [30   $ [5.9
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [1 *]    $ [1.4

Robert A. Vogel Jr., CFA

     [9   $ [15.3     [4   $ [1     [30   $ [5.9
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [1 *]    $ [1.4

Nikhil G. Lalvani, CFA

     [9   $ [15.3     [4   $ [1     [30   $ [5.9
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [1 *]    $ [1.4

Kristen E. Bartholdson

     [9   $ [15.3     [4   $ [1     [30   $ [5.9
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [1 *]    $ [1.4

 

* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.

Conflicts of Interest. Individual portfolio managers may perform investment management services for other funds or accounts similar to those provided to the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund and the investment action for each such other fund or account and the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund may differ. For example, an account or fund may be selling a security, while another account or fund may be purchasing or holding the same security. As a result, transactions executed for one fund or account may adversely affect the value of securities held by another fund, account, or the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. Additionally, the management of multiple other funds or accounts and the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund may give rise to potential conflicts of interest, as a portfolio manager must allocate time and effort to multiple funds or accounts and the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. A portfolio manager may discover an investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one account or fund. The investment opportunity may be limited, however, so that all funds or accounts for which the investment would be suitable may not be able to participate. DIFA has adopted procedures designed to allocate investments fairly across multiple funds and accounts.

One of the accounts managed by the portfolio managers as set forth in the table above has performance-based fees. This compensation structure presents a potential conflict of interest because the portfolio manager has an incentive to manage this account so as to enhance his performance, to the possible detriment of other accounts for which the portfolio manager does not receive a performance-based fee.

A portfolio manager’s management of personal accounts also may present certain conflicts of interest. While DIFA’s Code of Ethics is designed to address these potential conflicts, there is no guarantee that it will do so.

DoubleLine Capital

DoubleLine Capital LP (“DoubleLine”), located at 333 South Grand Avenue, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90071 serves a Sub-adviser to the to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. DoubleLine is registered as an investment adviser under 1940 Act. DoubleLine provides investment management and sub-advisory services to public as well as various institutional and sub-advised accounts. As of February 28, 2018, DoubleLine had approximately $[101 billion] in assets under management.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays DoubleLine a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between DoubleLine and Brinker Capital. DoubleLine pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

The overall objective of the compensation program for portfolio managers is for DoubleLine to attract competent and expert investment professionals and to retain them over the long-term. Compensation is comprised of several components which, in the aggregate, are designed to achieve these objectives and to reward the portfolio managers for their contribution to the success of their clients and DoubleLine. Portfolio managers are generally compensated through a combination of base salary, discretionary bonus and equity participation in DoubleLine. Bonuses and equity generally represent most of the portfolio managers’ compensation. However, in some cases, portfolio managers may have a profit sharing interest in the net income related to the areas for which the portfolio managers are responsible. Such profit sharing arrangements can comprise a significant portion of a portfolio manager’s overall compensation.

 

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Salary. Salary is agreed to with managers at time of employment and is reviewed from time to time. It does not change significantly and often does not constitute a significant part of a portfolio manager’s compensation.

Discretionary Bonus/Guaranteed Minimums. Portfolio managers receive discretionary bonuses. However, in some cases, pursuant to contractual arrangements, some portfolio managers may be entitled to a mandatory minimum bonus if the sum of their salary and profit sharing does not reach certain levels.

Equity Incentives. Portfolio managers participate in equity incentives based on overall firm performance of DoubleLine, through direct ownership interests in DoubleLine or participation in stock option or stock appreciation plans of DoubleLine. These ownership interests or participation interests provide eligible portfolio managers the opportunity to participate in the financial performance of DoubleLine as a whole. Participation is generally determined in the discretion of DoubleLine, taking into account factors relevant to the portfolio manager’s contribution to the success of DoubleLine.

Other Plans and Compensation Vehicles. Portfolio managers may elect to participate in DoubleLine’s 401(k) plan, to which they may contribute a portion of their pre- and post-tax compensation to the plan for investment on a tax-deferred basis. DoubleLine may also choose, from time to time to offer certain other compensation plans and vehicles, such as a deferred compensation plan, to portfolio managers.

Summary. As described above, an investment professional’s total compensation is determined through a subjective process that evaluates numerous quantitative and qualitative factors, including the contribution made to the overall investment process. Not all factors apply to each investment professional and there is no particular weighting or formula for considering certain factors. Among the factors considered are: relative investment performance of portfolios (although there are no specific benchmarks or periods of time used in measuring performance); complexity of investment strategies; participation in the investment team’s dialogue; contribution to business results and overall business strategy; success of marketing/business development efforts and client servicing; seniority/length of service with the firm; management and supervisory responsibilities; and fulfillment of DoubleLine’s leadership criteria.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
 

Jeffrey E. Gundlach

     [32   $ [89.40     [19   $ [8.09     [69   $ [11.35
     [0   $ [0     [3 *]    $ [3.01     [4 *]    $ [1.91

Philip A. Barach

     [16   $ [67.14     [11   $ [6.13     [47   $ [6.68
     [0   $ [0     [2 *]    $ [2.86     [1 *]    $ [0.65

Jeffrey J. Sherman, CFA

     [19   $ [28.00     [7   $ [1.76     [12   $ [2.22
     [0   $ [0     [1 *]    $ [0.14     [0   $ [0

Luz M. Padilla

     [11   $ [12.27     [2   $ [0.99     [4   $ [1.01
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [1 *]    $ [0.65

Robert Cohen

     [6   $ [10.29     [5   $ [1.18     [2   $ [0.24
     [0   $ [0     [3 *]    $ [1.08     [0   $ [0

Su Fei Koo

     [5   $ [2.13     [0   $ [0     [2   $ [0.77
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [1 *]    $ [0.65

Mark Christensen

     [5   $ [2.13     [0   $ [0     [2   $ [0.77
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [1 *]    $ [0.65

 

[* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.]

Conflicts of Interest. From time to time, potential and actual conflicts of interest may arise between a portfolio manager’s management of the investments of the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds, on the one hand, and the management of other accounts, on the other. Potential and actual conflicts of interest also may result because of DoubleLine’s other business activities. Other accounts managed by a portfolio manager might have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and/or Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds, be managed (benchmarked) against the same index the Destinations Core

 

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Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and/or Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds track, or otherwise hold, purchase, or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. The other accounts might also have different investment objectives or strategies than the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds.

Knowledge and Timing of Fund Trades. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager’s management of the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. Because of their positions with the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds, the portfolio managers know the size, timing and possible market impact of the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds’ trades. It is theoretically possible that a portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts under management, and also theoretically possible that actions could be taken (or not taken) to the detriment of the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. Investment Opportunities. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager’s management of a number of accounts with varying investment guidelines. Often, an investment opportunity may be suitable for both the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager, but securities may not be available in sufficient quantities for both the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds and the other accounts to participate fully. Similarly, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds and another account. DoubleLine has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time.

Under DoubleLine’s allocation procedures, investment opportunities are allocated among various investment strategies based on individual account investment guidelines, DoubleLine’s investment outlook, cash availability and a series of other factors. DoubleLine has also adopted additional internal practices to complement the general trade allocation policy that are designed to address potential conflicts of interest due to the side-by-side management of the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds and certain pooled investment vehicles, including investment opportunity allocation issues.

Broad and Wide-Ranging Activities. The portfolio managers, DoubleLine and its affiliates engage in a broad spectrum of activities. In the ordinary course of their business activities, the portfolio managers, DoubleLine and its affiliates may engage in activities where the interests of certain divisions of DoubleLine and its affiliates or the interests of their clients may conflict with the interests of the shareholders of the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds.

Possible Future Activities. DoubleLine and its affiliates may expand the range of services that it provides over time. Except as provided herein, DoubleLine and its affiliates will not be restricted in the scope of its business or in the performance of any such services (whether now offered or undertaken in the future) even if such activities could give rise to conflicts of interest, and whether or not such conflicts are described herein. DoubleLine and its affiliates have, and will continue to develop, relationships with a significant number of companies, financial sponsors and their senior managers, including relationships with clients who may hold or may have held investments similar to those intended to be made by the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. These clients may themselves represent appropriate investment opportunities for the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds or may compete with the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds for investment opportunities.

Performance Fees and Personal Investments. A portfolio manager may advise certain accounts with respect to which the advisory fee is based entirely or partially on performance or in respect of which the portfolio manager may have made a significant personal investment. Such circumstances may create a conflict of interest for the portfolio manager in that the portfolio manager may have an incentive to allocate the investment opportunities that he or she believes might be the most profitable to such other accounts instead of allocating them to the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds. DoubleLine has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities between the Destinations Core Fixed Income, Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income and Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Funds and performance fee based accounts on a fair and equitable basis over time.

 

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Driehaus Capital Management

Driehaus Capital Management LLC (“Driehaus”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity and the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Funds. Driehaus is a Delaware limited liability company and an SEC-registered investment adviser established in 1982 and is controlled by Richard H. Driehaus. The principal nature of Driehaus’ business is investment advisory services. As of February 28, 2018, Driehaus had approximately $[8 billion] in assets under management.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays Driehaus a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity and the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Driehaus and Brinker Capital. Driehaus pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund and the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund. Driehaus Capital Management’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

Micro Cap Growth strategy:

The portfolio manager and assistant portfolio manager are paid a fixed salary plus a bonus. They each receive a bonus that is based on a percentage of management fees paid by the registered investment companies and other accounts managed, as applicable. In addition, if the performance of a fund exceeds certain percentile benchmarks when compared to its peer group (primarily using Lipper rankings) and/or certain risk-adjusted return formulas, they each earn a specified additional percentage of the management fees paid by the registered investment companies and other accounts managed. They also each receive a bonus based on a percentage of any performance-based fees paid by the registered investment companies and other accounts managed, if applicable. Mr. Buck also receives a bonus based on a percentage of his salary, which has both subjective and objective components. If Driehaus declares a profit sharing plan contribution, the portfolio manager and assistant portfolio manager also would receive such contribution. The portfolio manager and assistant portfolio manager are eligible to participate in an equity purchase plan available to certain key employees of Driehaus. Mr. James is also a participant in a deferred compensation Plan.

Active Income and Event Driven strategies:

The portfolio managers and assistant portfolio managers are each paid a fixed salary plus a bonus. Each receives a bonus that is calculated as a percentage of advisory fees on the funds and any other accounts managed. In addition, for the strategies, they receive an additional percentage of advisory fees if the performance of a strategy exceeds a risk-adjusted return formula. Ms. Cassidy and Mr. Sharon are also eligible for a discretionary bonus, which is determined as a percentage of advisory fees of the fund. Mr. Caldwell also receives a bonus based on a percentage of his salary, which has subjective and objective components. Mr. Schoenfeld also receives a discretionary bonus based on a percentage of his salary. If the Driehaus declares a profit sharing plan contribution, the portfolio managers and assistant portfolio managers also would receive such contribution. Each is eligible to participate in an equity purchase plan available to certain key employees of the Driehaus. Mr. Nelson is also a participant in a deferred compensation plan.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers [did not] beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity and the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Funds.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity and the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Funds the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

Jeff James

     [2   $ [402.4     [2   $ [2.8     [31   $ [758.5

Michael Buck

     [2   $ [402.4     [2     $ [2.8     [31   $ [758.5

KC Nelson**

     [2   $ [1,673.6     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0

Elizabeth Cassidy**

     [1   $ [1,510.5     [1   $ [25.5     [0   $ [0

Michael Caldwell**

     [1   $ [163.1     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0

Yoav Sharon**

     [1   $ [163.1     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0

Thomas McCauley**

     [1   $ [163.1     [1   $ [25     [0   $ [0

 

* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
** These accounts are not subject to a performance-based advisory fee.

 

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Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers may manage the assets of more than one registered investment company (for this section only, each a “Fund”), other pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts (collectively, the “Accounts”) for Driehaus. Both clients and affiliated persons of Driehaus, including the portfolio managers, may own interests in these Accounts. The same or related securities may be appropriate and desirable investments for both a Fund and the Accounts (including another fund) and they may compete in the marketplace for the same investment opportunities, which may be limited. In addition, transactions by the Accounts in securities held by a Fund or that a Fund is seeking to buy or sell (or transactions in related securities) may have an adverse impact on the prices that a Fund pays for those securities or can realize upon sale, or on the ability of Driehaus to buy or sell the desired amount of such securities for a Fund at favorable prices. This is particularly true when the Accounts’ transactions occur at a point in time close to when trades in the same or related securities are effected for a Fund. This presents a conflict between the interests of the Fund and the interests of the Accounts as well as the affiliates of Driehaus who invest in the Accounts.

Conflicts also may arise between the interests of a Fund and the interests of Driehaus and its affiliates, including the portfolio managers. These conflicts can occur as one or more of the Accounts pay advisory fees to Driehaus, including performance-based compensation, at a higher rate than the rate of fees paid by the Fund. In addition, Driehaus’ affiliates, including the Fund’s portfolio managers, may personally own interests in the Accounts or have other financial incentives (including that a portfolio manager’s compensation is based, in part, on assets under management). For example, portfolio managers could favor an Account over a Fund when dividing their time and attention between them or when presented with limited investment opportunities that would be desirable and suitable for both a Fund and the Accounts or when making trading decisions.

Driehaus, through trade allocation and other policies and procedures, seeks to manage these conflicts of interest to reduce any adverse effects on either a Fund or the Accounts. These policies and procedures include requirements that transactions by a Fund and the Accounts in the same securities that occur on the same day are average priced when feasible and allocated on a fair and equitable basis. In addition, Driehaus conducts periodic reviews of transactions in and holdings of the same or related securities by a Fund and the Accounts for compliance with the Driehaus’ policies and procedures.

Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania

Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania (“FEMCOPA”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Trust’s Destinations Equity Income Fund. FEMCOPA is a Delaware statutory trust and an SEC-registered investment adviser. Federated Advisory Services Company, an affiliate of the Sub-adviser and located at the same address, provides research, quantitative analysis, equity trading and transaction settlement and certain support services to the Sub-Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Sub-adviser and not by the Destinations Equity Income Fund.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays FEMCOPA a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Equity Income Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between FEMCOPA and Brinker Capital. FEMCOPA pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Equity Income Fund. FEMCOPA’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

Daniel Peris and Deborah D. Bickerstaff are paid a fixed-base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager’s experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP) and, to a lesser extent, Financial Success, and may be paid entirely in cash, or in a combination of cash and restricted stock of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.

IPP is calculated based on certain other funds/accounts managed by the portfolio manager. IPP is measured for the rolling one, three and five calendar year periods, typically, on pre-tax gross total return on an absolute basis and versus the other funds/accounts designated peer group of comparable funds/accounts. In addition, performance is, typically, measured based on the other funds/accounts average gross one-year distribution yield for one, three and five calendar year periods on an absolute basis and versus a designated peer group of comparable funds/accounts. Typically, performance is also measured on the other funds/accounts average one, three and five year dividend growth rate on an absolute basis and versus the other funds/accounts designated peer group of comparable funds/accounts. Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing a fund/account for less than five years; funds/accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded. As noted above, Mr. Peris and Ms. Bickerstaff are also the portfolio managers for other funds/accounts in addition to the Destinations Equity Income Fund. Such other funds/accounts may have different benchmarks and performance measures. The allocation or weighting given to the performance of the other funds/accounts for which Mr. Peris or Ms. Bickerstaff are responsible in calculating their compensation may be equal or can vary. For purposes of calculating the annual incentive amount, each fund/account managed by the portfolio manager may be categorized into multiple IPP groups (which may be adjusted periodically). Within each performance measurement period and IPP group, IPP currently is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each of the other fund/account managed by the

 

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portfolio manager and included in the IPP groups. Although the performance of each of the other fund/account is considered in calculating the annual incentive amount, the weighting of the IPP group weightings differ. A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management’s assessment of overall contributions to fund performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.

The Financial Success category is designed to tie the portfolio manager’s bonus, in part, to Federated’s overall financial results. Funding for the Financial Success category may be determined on a product or asset class basis, as well as on corporate financial results. Senior Management determines individual Financial Success bonuses on a discretionary basis, considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant.

In addition, Mr. Peris and Ms. Bickerstaff were awarded a grant of restricted Federated stock. Awards of restricted stock are discretionary and are made in variable amounts based on the subjective judgment of Federated’s senior management.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Equity Income Fund.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to Destinations Equity Income Fund, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
 

Daniel Peris, CFA

     [5   $ [15.5     [3   $ [340     [245   $ [25.2

Deborah D. Bickerstaff

     [5   $ [15.5     [3   $ [340     [245   $ [25.2

Conflicts of Interest. As a general matter, certain conflicts of interest may arise in connection with a portfolio manager’s management of a fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of other accounts for which the portfolio manager is responsible, on the other. For example, it is possible that the various accounts managed could have different investment strategies that, at times, might conflict with one another to the possible detriment of the Destinations Equity Income Fund. Alternatively, to the extent that the same investment opportunities might be desirable for more than one account, possible conflicts could arise in determining how to allocate them. Other potential conflicts can include, for example, conflicts created by specific portfolio manager compensation arrangements (including, for example, the allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Destinations Equity Income Fund or other accounts or activities for which the portfolio manager is responsible in calculating the portfolio manager’s compensation), and conflicts relating to selection of brokers or dealers to execute Destinations Equity Income Fund’s portfolio trades and/or specific uses of commissions from Destinations Equity Income Fund’s portfolio trades (for example, research or “soft dollars”). The Sub-adviser has adopted policies and procedures and has structured the portfolio managers’ compensation in a manner reasonably designed to safeguard the Destinations Equity Income Fund from being negatively affected as a result of any such potential conflicts.

Fort Washington Investment Advisers

Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc. (“Fort Washington”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. Fort Washington is an SEC-registered investment adviser.

Compensation. All of Fort Washington’s portfolio managers receive a fixed base salary and annual performance bonuses. Bonuses are based primarily on the overall performance of Fort Washington as well as the pre-tax performance (relative to the appropriate benchmark) of their respective asset category over a one, three and five-year time horizon. Secondarily, portfolio managers are also assessed on their ability to retain clients and attract new clients. Additionally, a long-term retention plan was instituted in 2000, whereby certain investment professionals are periodically granted participation units with a 7-year cliff vesting schedule. The structure includes long-term vesting provisions. The percentage of compensation allocated to performance bonuses, asset-increase incentives and long-term incentive compensation is determined annually by the firm’s President and approved by the Board of Directors.

Fort Washington’s parent company also provides all personnel a defined benefit retirement plan, which provides a lifetime annuity upon retirement that is based on a percentage of final average pay and years of service under the plan.

Associates are also eligible to participate in a 401(k) plan. The 401(k) company match is 50% of the first 4% of earnings saved.

The above information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

 

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Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio manager did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund, the portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

James E. Wilhelm

     [6   $ [3,684     [1   $ [407     [29   $ [1,375

Conflicts of Interest. Actual or potential conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has management responsibilities to more than one account (including the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund). Actual or potential conflicts of interest would include devotion of unequal time and attention to the management of the accounts, inability to allocate limited investment opportunities across a broad array of accounts and incentive to allocate opportunities to an account where the portfolio manager has a greater financial incentive, such as allocation opportunities. Fort Washington has adopted policies and procedures to address such conflicts.

LMCG Investments

LMCG Investments, LLC (“LMCG”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund. LMCG is a Delaware limited liability company and an SEC-registered investment adviser.

LMCG is a board-managed limited liability company owned by its employees, Lee P. Munder and Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”). LMCG operates independently of RBC, a publicly held Canadian bank that, on November 2, 2015, acquired City National Corporation, LMCG’s former majority owner. As of February 28, 2018, LMCG’s assets under management totaled approximately $[7.6 billion].

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays LMCG a fee based on the assets under management of the Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between LMCG and Brinker Capital. LMCG pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Fund.

Portfolio managers at LMCG are compensated through a combination of base salary and incentive bonus. LMCG’s incentive bonus plan for investment teams is a revenue-share model based on strategy performance relative to a peer group universe of retail and institutional managers. The incentive formula is based on the teams’ performance rankings within the universe for a blended time period which includes one year, three years, five years and since inception performance. Incentive bonuses are not calculated on specific client or specific fund assets.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio manager did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund, the portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

R. Todd Vingers, CFA

     [4   $ [1,241.6     [21   $ [399.5     [78   $ [1,292.5

Conflicts of Interest. LMCG’s portfolio managers are often responsible for managing one or more funds as well as other accounts, including proprietary accounts, separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles. A portfolio manager may also manage a separate account or other pooled investment vehicle which may have materially higher fee arrangements than the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund and may also have a performance-based fee. The side-by-side management of these funds may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades. LMCG has fiduciary responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. It seeks to provide best execution of all securities transactions and aggregate and then allocate securities to client accounts in a fair and timely manner. Similarly, trading in securities by LMCG personnel for their own accounts potentially could conflict with the interest of clients. LMCG has policies and procedures in place to detect, monitor, and resolve these and other potential conflicts of interest that are inherent to its business as a registered investment adviser.

 

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MFS Investment Management

MFS Investment Management (MFS), serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations International Equity Fund. MFS is a Delaware Corporation and an SEC-registered investment adviser. MFS and its predecessor organizations have a history of money management dating from 1924. MFS is a subsidiary of Sun Life of Canada (U.S.) Financial Services Holdings, Inc., which in turn is an indirect majority-owned subsidiary of Sun Life Financial Inc. (a diversified financial services company).

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays MFS a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations International Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between MFS and Brinker Capital. MFS pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations International Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended December 31, 2017.

Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually. As of December 31, 2017, portfolio manager total cash compensation is a combination of base salary and performance bonus:

Base Salary – Base salary represents a smaller percentage of a portfolio manager’s total cash compensation than performance bonus.

Performance Bonus – Generally, the performance bonus represents more than a majority of a portfolio manager’s total cash compensation.

The performance bonus is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative factors, generally with more weight given to the former and less weight given to the latter. The quantitative portion primarily is based on the pre-tax performance of assets managed by the portfolio manager over three-, and five-year periods relative to peer group universes and/or indices (“benchmarks”).

As of December 31, 2017, MFS uses MSCI EAFE (Europe, Australia, Far East) Value Index (gross div) as the benchmark(s) to measure the performance of Messrs. De La Mata and Stone for the Destinations International Equity Fund.

Additional or different benchmarks, including versions and components of indices, custom indices, and linked indices that combine performance of different indices for different portions of the time period, may also be used. Consideration is primarily given to portfolio performance over one, three, and five years with emphasis placed on the longer periods. For portfolio managers who have served for more than five years, additional longer-term performance periods are also considered. For portfolio managers who have served for less than five years, performance periods are adjusted as appropriate.

The qualitative portion is based on the results of an annual internal peer review process (conducted by other portfolio managers, analysts, and traders) and management’s assessment of overall portfolio manager contributions to investor relations and the investment process (distinct from fund and other account performance). This performance bonus may be in the form of cash and/or a deferred cash award, at the discretion of management. A deferred cash award is issued for a cash value and becomes payable over a three-year vesting period if the portfolio manager remains in the continuous employ of MFS or its affiliates. During the vesting period, the value of the unfunded deferred cash award will fluctuate as though the portfolio manager had invested the cash value of the award in an MFS Fund(s) selected by the portfolio manager. A selected fund may be, but is not required to be, a fund that is managed by the portfolio manager.

Portfolio managers also typically benefit from the opportunity to participate in the MFS Equity Plan. Equity interests are awarded by management, on a discretionary basis, taking into account tenure at MFS, contribution to the investment process, and other factors.

Finally, portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans (including a defined contribution plan and health and other insurance plans) and programs available generally to other employees of MFS. The percentage such benefits represent of any portfolio manager’s compensation depends upon the length of the individual’s tenure at MFS and salary level, as well as other factors.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations International Equity Fund.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to Destinations International Equity Fund, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

     

 

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     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
 

Pablo De La Marta

     [10   $ [38.4     [8   $ [11     [36   $ [12.8
     [0     [0     [0     [0     [1 *]      [0.2

Benjamin Stone

     [10   $ [38.4     [8   $ [11     [36   $ [12.8
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [1 *]    $ [0.2

 

[* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.]

Conflicts of Interest. MFS seeks to identify potential conflicts of interest resulting from a portfolio manager’s management of both the Destinations International Equity Fund and other accounts, and has adopted policies and procedures designed to address such potential conflicts.

The management of multiple funds and accounts (including proprietary accounts) gives rise to conflicts of interest if the funds and accounts have different objectives and strategies, benchmarks, time horizons and fees as a portfolio manager must allocate his or her time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. In certain instances, there are securities which are suitable for the Destinations International Equity Fund’s portfolio as well as for accounts of MFS or its subsidiaries with similar investment objectives. MFS’ trade allocation policies may give rise to conflicts of interest if the Destinations International Equity Fund’s orders do not get fully executed or are delayed in getting executed due to being aggregated with those of other accounts of MFS or its subsidiaries. A portfolio manager may execute transactions for another fund or account that may adversely affect the value of the Destinations International Equity Fund’s investments. Investments selected for funds or accounts other than the Destinations International Equity Fund may outperform investments selected for the Destinations International Equity Fund.

When two or more clients are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed by MFS to be fair and equitable to each. Allocations may be based on many factors and may not always be pro rata based on assets managed. The allocation methodology could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Destinations International Equity Fund is concerned.

MFS and/or a portfolio manager may have a financial incentive to allocate favorable or limited opportunity investments or structure the timing of investments to favor accounts other than the Destinations International Equity Fund, for instance, those that pay a higher advisory fee and/or have a performance adjustment and/or include an investment by the portfolio manager.

Northern Trust Investments, Inc.

Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI”) serves as a Sub-adviser to the Registrant’s Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund. NTI, a subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, is an Illinois State Banking Corporation and an investment adviser registered under the 1940 Act. It primarily manages assets for institutional and individual separately managed accounts, investment companies and bank common and collective funds.

Northern Trust Corporation is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. As of February 28, 2018, Northern Trust Corporation, through its affiliates, had assets under custody of $[8.1 billion] and assets under investment management of $[1.2 trillion].

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays NTI a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between NTI and Brinker Capital. NTI pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund. NTI’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

The compensation for portfolio managers is based on the competitive marketplace and consists of a fixed base salary plus a variable annual cash incentive award. In addition, non-cash incentives, such as stock options or restricted stock of Northern Trust Corporation, may be awarded from time to time. The annual incentive award is discretionary and is based on a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of each portfolio manager’s investment performance and contribution to his or her respective team plus the financial performance of the investment business unit and Northern Trust Corporation as a whole. The annual incentive award is not based on performance of the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund or the amount of assets held in the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund.

 

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Moreover, no material differences exist between the compensation structure for mutual fund accounts and other types of accounts.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio manager did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund, the portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

    

Registered Investment

Companies

  

Other Pooled

Investment Vehicles

  

Other Accounts

Portfolio Manager

  

Number

of Accounts

  

Total Assets

(in millions)

  

Number

of Accounts

  

Total Assets

(in millions)

  

Number

of Accounts

  

Total Assets

(in millions)

Timothy T. A. McGregor

   [2]    $[3,904.26]    [0]    $[0]    [233]    $[7,864.90]

Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of NTI’s management of the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow NTI to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that NTI or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund. NTI (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund and the other accounts in a manner that NTI determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund.

To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, NTI has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.

Nuveen

Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, (“Nuveen Asset Management”), serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund. Nuveen Asset Management is a Delaware limited liability company and an SEC-registered investment adviser. Nuveen Asset Management is a subsidiary of Nuveen, LLC, the investment management arm of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays Nuveen Asset Management a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Nuveen Asset Management and Brinker Capital. Nuveen Asset Management pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund. Nuveen Asset Management’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients.

Portfolio manager compensation at Nuveen Asset Management consists primarily of base pay, an annual cash bonus and long-term incentive payments.

Base pay. Base pay is determined based upon an analysis of the portfolio manager’s general performance, experience, and market levels of base pay for such position.

Annual cash bonus. Portfolio managers are eligible for an annual cash bonus based on investment performance, qualitative evaluation and financial performance of Nuveen Asset Management.

Long-term incentive compensation. Certain key employees of Nuveen Asset Management, including certain portfolio managers, have received profits interests in Nuveen Asset Management which entitle their holders to participate in the firm’s growth over time.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund.

 

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Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

Douglas M. Baker, CFA

     [8   $ [8,267     [3   $ [92     [7   $ [1,857

Brenda A. Langenfeld, CFA

     [6   $ [9,598     [5   $ [190     [7   $ [1,857

Conflicts of Interest. Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one account. More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple accounts are presented a number of potential conflicts, including, among others, those discussed below. The management of multiple accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each account. Nuveen Asset Management seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most accounts managed by a portfolio manager in a particular investment strategy are managed using the same investment models.

If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity which may be suitable for more than one account, an account may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible accounts. To deal with these situations, Nuveen Asset Management has adopted procedures for allocating limited opportunities across multiple accounts.

With respect to many of its clients’ accounts, Nuveen Asset Management determines which broker to use to execute transaction orders, consistent with its duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, with respect to certain other accounts, Nuveen Asset Management may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. In these cases, Nuveen Asset Management may place separate, non-simultaneous, transactions for the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund and other accounts which may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment of the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund or the other accounts.

Some clients are subject to different regulations. As a consequence of this difference in regulatory requirements, some clients may not be permitted to engage in all the investment techniques or transactions or to engage in these transactions to the same extent as the other accounts managed by the portfolio manager. Finally, the appearance of a conflict of interest may arise where Nuveen Asset Management has an incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, which relates to the management of some accounts, with respect to which a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities.

Nuveen Asset Management has adopted certain compliance procedures which are designed to address these types of conflicts common among investment managers. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.

RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC

RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (“RiverNorth”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund. RiverNorth is a Delaware limited liability company and an SEC-registered investment adviser. Founded in 2000, RiverNorth is located at 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 645, Chicago, Illinois 60654. RiverNorth, as of February 28, 2018, manages approximately $[3.476 billion] in registered funds, private funds and separately managed accounts.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays RiverNorth a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between RiverNorth and Brinker Capital. RiverNorth pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund. RiverNorth’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. Mr. Galley’s and Mr. O’Neill’s total compensation includes a base salary fixed from year to year and a variable performance bonus consisting of cash incentives. The amounts paid to Mr. Galley and Mr. O’Neill are based on a percentage of the fees earned by the RiverNorth from managing the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund and other investment accounts. The performance bonus reflects individual performance of the funds managed by the portfolio managers and the performance of RiverNorth’s business as a whole. Mr. Galley and Mr. O’Neill also participate in a 401K program on the same basis as other officers of RiverNorth.

 

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Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

Patrick W. Galley, CFA

     [9   $ [3.07     [3   $ [301.62     [2   $ [36.96
     [0   $ [0     [3 *]    $ [301.62     [0 *]    $ [0

Stephen A. O’Neill, CFA

     [8   $ [2.78     [2   $ [279.69     [2   $ [36.96
     [0   $ [0     [2 *]    $ [279.69     [0 *]    $ [0

 

[* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.]

Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of RiverNorth’s management of the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow RiverNorth Capital Management to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that RiverNorth Capital Management or the portfolio managers receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund. RiverNorth (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund and the other accounts in a manner that RiverNorth determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund.

To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, RiverNorth, has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.

SailingStone Capital Partners LLC

SailingStone Capital Partners LLC (“SailingStone”) serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations Real Assets Fund. SailingStone is a Delaware limited partnership and an SEC-registered investment adviser.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays SalingStone a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Real Assets Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between SailingStone and Brinker Capital. SailingStone pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Real Assets Fund. SalingStone’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

Members of SailingStone’s investment team all are partners and have the same base salary. In addition to base salary, investment professionals have the opportunity to earn into a bonus pool, can earn further equity, and are provided with a competitive benefits package. The annual bonus pool is determined by the overall success of the business, calculated as a percentage of revenues. Individual awards are determined based on accuracy of forecasts of company specific net asset value, breadth of coverage across respective commodity segments, relative returns of individual positions versus industry peers in periods of negative performance, absolute returns of the portfolio, and total profit and losses for the business. Equity grants are earned over a long, multi-year time frame and reflect long-term value creation for the overall franchise.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers [did not] beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Real Assets Fund.

 

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Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Real Assets Fund, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

MacKenzie B. Davis, CFA

     [2   $ [1,351     [1   $ [388     [53   $ [2,765
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [8 *]    $ [357

Kenneth L. Settles, CFA

     [2   $ [1,351     [1   $ [388     [53   $ [2,765
     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0     [8 *]    $ [357

 

[* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.]

Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of a portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Destinations Real Assets Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Destinations Real Assets Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles (which employees may be invested) and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of SailingStone’s management of the Destinations Real Assets Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow SailingStone to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Destinations Real Assets Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that SailingStone or a portfolio manager receives, or expect to receives, greater compensation from its management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the Destinations Real Assets Fund. SailingStone (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Destinations Real Assets Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the Destinations Real Assets Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Destinations Real Assets Fund and the other accounts in a manner that SailingStone determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Destinations Real Assets Fund.

To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, SailingStone has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.

T. Rowe Price

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (“T. Rowe Price”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations Large Cap Equity and the Destinations International Equity Funds. T. Rowe Price is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., a publicly-traded financial services holding company.

Compensation. Portfolio manager compensation consists primarily of a base salary, a cash bonus, and an equity incentive that usually comes in the form of restricted stock grants. Compensation is variable and is determined based on the following factors.

Investment performance over 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year periods is the most important input. The weightings for these time periods are generally balanced and are applied consistently across similar strategies. T. Rowe Price (and T. Rowe Price Hong Kong Limited, T. Rowe Price Singapore Private Ltd., and T. Rowe Price International Ltd., as appropriate), evaluates performance in absolute, relative, and risk-adjusted terms. Relative performance and risk-adjusted performance are typically determined with reference to the broad-based index (e.g., S&P 500 Index) and the Lipper index (e.g., Large-Cap Growth Index) set forth in the total returns table in the fund’s prospectus, although other benchmarks may be used as well. Investment results are also measured against comparably managed funds of competitive investment management firms. The selection of comparable funds is approved by the applicable investment steering committee and is the same as the selection presented to the directors of the T. Rowe Price funds in their regular review of fund performance. Performance is primarily measured on a pretax basis although tax efficiency is also considered.

Compensation is viewed with a long-term time horizon. The more consistent a manager’s performance over time, the higher the compensation opportunity. The increase or decrease in a fund’s assets due to the purchase or sale of fund shares is not considered a material factor. In reviewing relative performance for fixed-income funds, a fund’s expense ratio is usually taken into account. Contribution to T. Rowe Price’s overall investment process is an important consideration as well. Leveraging ideas and investment insights across the global investment platform, working effectively with and mentoring others, and other contributions to our clients, the firm or our culture are important components of T. Rowe Price’s long-term success and are generally taken into consideration.

All employees of T. Rowe Price, including portfolio managers, participate in a 401(k) plan sponsored by T. Rowe Price Group. In addition, all employees are eligible to purchase T. Rowe Price common stock through an employee stock purchase plan that features a limited corporate matching contribution. Eligibility for and participation in these plans is on the same basis as for all employees.

 

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Finally, all vice presidents of T. Rowe Price Group, including all portfolio managers, receive supplemental medical/ hospital reimbursement benefits.

This compensation structure is used when evaluating the performance of all portfolios (including the T. Rowe Price Funds) managed by the portfolio manager.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations Large Cap Equity or the Destinations International Equity Funds.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations Large Cap Equity and the Destinations International Equity Funds, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

Joseph Fath, CPA

     [12   $ [73,295.88     [3   $ [11,107.34     [8   $ [2,644.84

Richard Clattenburg, CFA

     [5   $ [16,131.32     [1   $ [4,092.89     [0   $ [0

Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers at T. Rowe Price and its affiliates typically manage multiple accounts. These accounts may include, among others, mutual funds, separate accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions such as pension funds, colleges and universities, and foundations), offshore funds and common trust funds. Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each portfolio based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, and other relevant investment considerations that the managers believe are applicable to that portfolio. Consequently, portfolio managers may purchase (or sell) securities for one portfolio and not another portfolio. T. Rowe Price and its affiliates have adopted brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures that they believe are reasonably designed to address any potential conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients.

TCW

TCW Investment Management Company LLC (“TIMCO”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. TIMCO is a Delaware limited liability company and an SEC registered investment adviser.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays TIMCO a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between TIMCO and Brinker Capital. TIMCO pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended February 28, 2018.

The overall objective of the TCW’s compensation program for portfolio managers is to attract experienced and expert investment professionals and to retain them over the long-term. Compensation is comprised of several components which, in the aggregate, are designed to achieve these objectives and to reward the portfolio managers for their contributions to the successful performance of the accounts they manage. Portfolio managers are compensated through a combination of base salary, profit sharing based compensation (“profit sharing”), bonus and equity incentive participation in TIMCO’s parent company (“equity incentives”). Profit sharing and equity incentives generally represent most of the portfolio managers’ compensation. In some cases, portfolio managers are eligible for discretionary bonuses.

Salary. Salary is agreed to with portfolio managers at the time of employment and is reviewed from time to time. It does not change significantly and often does not constitute a significant part of a portfolio manager’s compensation.

Profit Sharing. Profit sharing for investment professionals is based on net income relating to accounts in the investment strategy area for which the investment professionals are responsible. In most cases, revenues are allocated to a pool and profit sharing compensation allocated among members of the investment team after the deduction of certain expenses (including base salaries) related to the strategy group. The allocations are based on the investment professionals’ contribution to TIMCO and its clients, including qualitative and quantitative contributions.

The profit sharing percentage used to compensate a portfolio manager for investment services related to the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund is generally the same as that used to compensate portfolio managers for other client accounts in the same strategy managed by TIMCO or an affiliate of TIMCO (collectively, the “TCW Advisers”).    In some cases, the profit sharing pool that includes revenues related to more than one product, in which case each participant in the pool is entitled to profit sharing derived from his or her contributions to all the included products.

 

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Investment professionals are not directly compensated for generating performance fees. In some cases, the profit sharing percentage is subject to increase based on the relative pre-tax performance of the investment strategy composite returns, net of fees and expenses, to that of the benchmark. The measurement of performance relative to the benchmark can be based on single year or multiple year metrics, or a combination thereof. The benchmark used is the one associated with the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund managed by the portfolio manager as disclosed in the prospectus. Benchmarks vary from strategy to strategy but, within a given strategy, the same benchmark applies to all accounts, including the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund.

Discretionary Bonus/Guaranteed Minimums. Discretionary bonuses may be paid out of an investment team’s profit sharing pool, as determined by the supervisor(s) in the department. In other cases where portfolio managers do not receive profit sharing or where it is determined that the combination of salary and profit sharing does not adequately compensate the portfolio manager, discretionary bonuses may be paid by the applicable TCW Adviser. Also, pursuant to contractual arrangements, some portfolio managers received minimum bonuses.

Equity Incentives. Management believes that equity ownership aligns the interest of portfolio manager with the interest of the firm and its clients. Accordingly, TIMCO’s key investment professionals participate in equity incentives through ownership or participation in restricted unit plans that vest over time or unit appreciation plans of TIMCO’s parent company.

Under the Restricted Unit Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income and equity areas may be awarded partnership units in TIMCO’s parent company. Awards under this plan have vested over time, subject to satisfaction of performance criteria.

Under the 2013 Equity Unit Incentive Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income and equity areas may be awarded options to acquire partnership units in TIMCO’s parent company with a strike price equal to the fair market value of the option at the date of grant. The options granted under this plan are subject to vesting and other conditions.

Other Plans and Compensation Vehicles. Portfolio managers may also elect to participate in the applicable TCW Advisor’s 401(k) plan, to which they may contribute a portion of their pre- and post-tax compensation to the plan for investment on a tax-deferred basis.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio manager did not own any shares of the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund.

Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund, the portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in billions)
 

Diane E. Jaffee

     [5   $ [1,512.9     [12   $ [1,371,700     [59   $ [3,076
     [0     [0     [1 ]*      [281.5     [0     [0

 

[* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.]

Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the TCW Relative Value Dividend Appreciation Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the TCW Relative Value Dividend Appreciation Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of TIMCO’s management of the TCW Relative Value Dividend Appreciation Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow TIMCO to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the TCW Relative Value Dividend Appreciation Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that TIMCO or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the TCW Relative Value Dividend Appreciation Fund. TIMCO (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the TCW Relative Value Dividend Appreciation Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the TCW Relative Value Dividend Appreciation Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the TCW Relative Value Dividend Appreciation Fund and the other accounts in a manner that TIMCO determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the TCW Relative Value Dividend Appreciation Fund.

To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, TIMCO has adopted compliance policies and procedures and created a Trading and allocation oversight committee to review the allocation of investment opportunities and to ensure that allof their clients are treated on a fair and equitable basis.

 

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Wasatch Advisors, Inc.

Wasatch Advisors, Inc. (“Wasatch Advisors”) serves as a Sub-adviser to a portion of the assets of the Registrant’s Destinations International Equity Fund. Wasatch Advisors is a Utah corporation and an SEC-registered investment adviser. Wasatch Advisors was founded in 1975 and is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah. Wasatch Advisors provides discretionary investment advice for a variety of clients, including the Wasatch Funds Trust, a series of domestic, international and global mutual funds, separately managed accounts, and sub-advised products.

Compensation. Brinker Capital pays Wasatch Advisors a fee based on the assets under management of the Destinations International Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Wasatch Advisors and Brinker Capital. Wasatch Advisors pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Destinations International Equity Fund. Wasatch Advisors’ compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. As of December 31, 2017, Wasatch Advisors’ Compensation Committee and Executive Committee reviewed and determined its portfolio managers’ compensation. The committees may use independent third party investment industry compensation survey results in evaluating competitive market compensation for its investment professionals. The committees may also consult with professional industry recruiters. The elements of total compensation for the portfolio managers are base salary, performance-based bonus, profit sharing and deferred compensation. Portfolio managers who are also shareholders of Wasatch Advisors additionally receive quarterly dividends. Wasatch Advisors has balanced the components of pay to provide portfolio managers with an incentive to focus on both shorter and longer term performance. By design, portfolio manager compensation levels fluctuate — both up and down — with the relative investment performance of the mutual funds they manage.

Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary, a potential bonus based on performance, potential deferred bonus grants based on performance and possibly stock dividends.

 

  Base Salary. Each portfolio manager is paid a fixed base salary depending upon their tenure.

 

  Performance Based Bonus. A large portion of a portfolio manager’s potential compensation is in the form of performance based bonus. The performance bonus is based on pre-tax performance. At the end of each year, the Board of Directors of Wasatch Advisors will allocate a bonus pool that will loosely mirror firm profits net of stock buybacks and deferred compensation payouts. The majority of this bonus pool will be allocated to portfolio managers based on the 1, 3, and 5-year performance of their portfolios, which will reward them with significant economics for achieving top quartile performance relative to the performance of the applicable mutual fund’s peer group over both the short and long term. Peer groups are utilized to evaluate performance.

Portfolio managers and research analysts are not paid a “commission” for the solicitation or acquisition of new clients or the retention of existing clients. However, the amount of revenue generated by each product is overlaid on performance to determine the size of each portfolio manager’s bonus (e.g. if performance were equal, a portfolio manager on a higher revenue product would receive a larger bonus than one on a smaller revenue product).

Portfolio managers who manage separate accounts as well as mutual funds have bonus components calculated based on the performance of each individual product relative to its peer group, revenue is again used as an element in converting performance results into the bonus amount.

Portfolio managers are also rewarded for their stock selection contributions to other products and their impact on the overall success of the research team. This incentive is consistent with Wasatch Advisors’ collaborative team-based approach to portfolio management.

 

  Deferred Bonus Grants. Portfolio managers are also eligible for deferred bonus grants payable in six years from the date of the grant, with their value directly tied to Wasatch Advisors’ revenues. Each portfolio manager’s grant size will be based on individual performance factors similar to those used to determine the annual performance bonus.

 

  Stock/Dividends. For those portfolio managers that are shareholders of Wasatch Advisors, the relative amount of stock owned by each portfolio manager is at the discretion of Wasatch Advisors’ Board and will evolve over time, with bigger long-term contributors holding higher levels of ownership. New portfolio manager stock grants typically vest over a five-year period, with the vesting dependent on the performance of the mutual fund(s) managed by the portfolio manager.

It is possible that certain profits of the Wasatch Advisors could be paid out to shareholders through a stock dividend. However, there are no current plans or expectations for such a dividend.

 

  Other Benefits. Portfolio managers are also eligible to participate in broad-based benefit plans offered generally to Wasatch Advisors’ full-time employees, including 401(k), health and other employee benefit plans.

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of February 28, 2018, the portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Destinations International Equity Fund.

 

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Other Accounts. As of February 28, 2018, in addition to the Destinations International Equity Fund, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:

 

     Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

   Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number
of Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 

Jared Whatcott, CFA

     [3   $ [936.78     [0   $ [0     [1   $ [38.37

Linda Lasater, CFA

     [2   $ [2,373.09     [1   $ [171.05     [10   $ [2,166.03

Allison He, CFA

     [2   $ [762.38     [0   $ [0     [0   $ [0

Conflicts of Interest. There may be certain inherent conflicts of interest that arise in connection with Wasatch Advisors’ management of the Destinations International Equity Fund’s investments and the investments of any other fund, client or proprietary accounts Wasatch Advisors’ or the Destinations International Equity Fund’s individual team members also manage. Such conflicts include allocation of investment opportunities among other mutual funds and accounts managed by Wasatch Advisors or the portfolio managers; the aggregation of purchase and sale orders believed to be in the best interest of more than one account managed by Wasatch Advisors or the portfolio managers and the allocation of such orders across such accounts; and any soft dollar arrangements that Wasatch Advisors may have in place that could benefit other accounts. Additionally, other mutual funds or accounts managed by a portfolio manager may have different fee structures, including performance fees, which are, or have the potential to be, higher or lower than the fees paid by another fund or account. To minimize the effects of these inherent conflicts of interest, Wasatch Advisors has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including trade aggregation and allocation procedures, that it believes are reasonably designed to mitigate the potential conflicts associated with managing portfolios for multiple clients, including the Destinations International Equity Fund, and seeks to ensure that no one client is intentionally favored at the expense of another.

PURCHASE OF SHARES

Class I Shares and Class Z Shares of the Fund are available to participants in Brinker Capital’s Investment Advisory Program and are generally designed to relieve investors of the burden of devising an asset allocation strategy to meet their individual needs as well as selecting individual investments within each asset category among the myriad choices available. The Investment Advisory Program generally provides investment advice in connection with investments among the Funds by identifying the investor’s risk tolerances and investment objectives through evaluation of an investment questionnaire; identifying and recommending in writing an appropriate allocation of assets among the Funds that conform to those tolerances and objectives in a written recommendation; and providing, on a periodic basis, a written monitoring report to the investor containing an analysis and evaluation of an investor’s account and recommending any appropriate changes in the allocation of assets among the Funds.

REDEMPTION OF SHARES

Detailed information on how to redeem shares of a Fund is included in the Prospectus. The right of redemption of shares of a Fund may be suspended or the date of payment postponed: (i)  for any periods during which the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (“NYSE™”) is closed (other than for customary weekend and holiday closings), (ii)  when trading in the markets a Fund normally utilizes is restricted, or an emergency, as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC, exists making disposal of a Fund’s investments or determination of its NAV not reasonably practicable or (iii) for such other periods as the SEC by order may permit for the protection of a Fund’s shareholders.

REDEMPTIONS IN KIND

If the Trustees determine that it would be detrimental to the best interests of a Fund’s shareholders to make a redemption payment wholly in cash, the Fund may pay, in accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, any portion of a redemption in excess of the lesser of $250,000 or one percent (1%) of the Fund’s net assets by a distribution in kind of readily marketable portfolio securities in lieu of cash. Redemptions failing to meet this threshold must be made in cash. Shareholders receiving distributions in kind of portfolio securities may incur brokerage commissions when subsequently disposing of those securities.

CLASSES OF SHARES

The Trust offers more than one class of shares. The Trust has adopted a multiple class plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act, detailing the attributes of each class of the Funds, and has reserved the right to create and issue additional series or classes. Currently,

 

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the Fund has two classes of shares: Class I Shares and Class Z Shares. Each class of shares has equal rights to voting, redemption, dividends and liquidation, except that each class bears different class expenses and each has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters that relate solely to that class or for which the interests of one class differ from the interests of another class.

NET ASSET VALUE

The Fund’s NAV per share is calculated by the Fund’s administrator, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., on each day, Monday through Friday, except days on which the NYSE is closed. The NYSE is currently scheduled to be closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, and on the preceding Friday when one of those holidays falls on a Saturday or on the subsequent Monday when one of those holidays falls on a Sunday. On those days, securities held by a Fund may nevertheless be actively traded and the value of that Fund’s shares could be significantly affected.

NAV per share is determined as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE and is computed by dividing the value of a Fund’s net assets by the total number of its shares outstanding. A security that is primarily traded on a domestic or foreign stock exchange is valued at the last sale price on that exchange as reported to a Fund or, if no sales occurred during the day, these investments are quoted at the mean between the current bid and ask prices. Securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges are generally valued for purposes of calculating a Fund’s NAV at the preceding closing values of the securities on their respective exchanges, except that, when an occurrence subsequent to the time a value was so established is likely to have changed that value, the fair market value of those securities will be determined in good faith by consideration of other factors pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board. Fund securities listed on the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are available are valued at the official closing price. If there is no official closing price, the securities are valued at the last sale price. A security that is listed or traded on more than one exchange is valued for purposes of calculating a Fund’s NAV at the quotation on the exchange determined to be the primary market for the security. Exchange-traded options and futures contracts are valued at the last sale price in the market where such contracts are principally traded or, if no sales are reported, the bid price for purchased and written options. Securities traded in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market are valued at the last sale price or, if no sales occurred during the day, these investments are valued at the mean between the bid and ask price. Debt securities of U.S. issuers (other than U.S. government securities and short-term investments) are valued by independent pricing services. When, in the judgment of the pricing services, quoted bid prices are available and are representative of the bid side of the market, these investments are valued at the mean between the quoted bid and ask prices. Investments for which no readily obtainable market quotations are available, in the judgment of the pricing service, are carried at market value as determined by using various pricing matrices. An option written by a Fund is generally valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last offer price. An option purchased by a Fund is generally valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last bid price. The value of a futures contract is equal to the unrealized gain or loss on the contract determined by marking the contract to the current settlement price for a like contract on the valuation date of the futures contract. A settlement price may not be used if the market makes a limit move with respect to a particular futures contract or if the securities underlying the futures contract experience significant price fluctuations after the determination of the settlement price. When a settlement price cannot be used, futures contracts will be valued at their fair market value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the Trustees.

Swaps are valued using quotes from approved broker-dealers. Other securities, options and other assets (including swaps and structured notes agreements) for which market quotations are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined pursuant to procedures adopted by the Trustees.

Foreign currency contracts will be valued using the official close price for such contracts on the NYSE. All assets and liabilities initially expressed in foreign currency values will be converted into U.S. dollar values using the current exchange rate as of the close of the NYSE. If the bid and offered quotations are not available, the rate of exchange will be determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. In carrying out the Trust’s valuation policies, the Manager may consult with others, including an independent pricing service retained by the Trust.

The valuation of a security held by a Fund in U.S. dollar-denominated securities with less than 60 days to maturity is based upon their amortized cost, which does not take into account unrealized capital gains or losses. Amortized cost valuation involves initially valuing an instrument at its cost and, thereafter, assuming a constant amortization to maturity of any discount or premium, regardless of the impact of fluctuating interest rates on the market value of the instrument. While this method provides certainty in valuation, it may result in periods during which value, as determined by amortized cost, is higher or lower than the price the Fund would receive if it sold the instrument.

 

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[TAXES]

The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of the Funds by U.S. persons. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Each prospective shareholder is urged to consult his own tax adviser with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in a Fund. The summary is based on the IRC and the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.

The Fund and its Investments

The Fund intends to continue to qualify in each year as a separate regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the IRC. To so qualify, the Fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditional permitted mutual fund income) (the “Qualifying Income Test”); and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash, securities of other RICs, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the Fund’s total assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, any two or more issuers that the Fund maintains 20% or more of the voting power in such issuers and such issuers are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or related trades or businesses or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Asset Test”).

A Fund’s investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly traded partnerships, may result in that Fund’s being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.

As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders in a timely manner, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income, including dividends and taxable interest, other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. The Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders.

Notwithstanding the distribution requirement described above, the IRC imposes a 4% nondeductible excise tax on a Fund to the extent it does not distribute by the end of any calendar year at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for that year and (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income (both long-term and short-term) for the one-year period ending, as a general rule, on October 31 of that year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any under distribution or over distribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. The Fund anticipates that it will pay such dividends and intends to make such distributions as are necessary in order to avoid the application of this excise tax.

If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC under the IRC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, such Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. If a Fund fails to maintain qualification as a RIC for a tax year, and the relief provisions are not available, such Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income. In addition, in the event of a failure to qualify, a Fund’s distributions, to the extent derived from its current or accumulated earnings and profits, will constitute dividends that are taxable to shareholders as dividend income, even though those distributions might otherwise (at least in part) have been treated in the shareholders’ hands as a long-term capital gain or as tax-exempt interest. However, such dividends may be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Moreover, if a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If a Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the portfolio had been liquidated) in order to qualify as a RIC in a subsequent year. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of a Fund as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.

 

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A Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year (commonly referred to as “post-October losses”) and certain other late-year losses.

The treatment of capital loss carryovers for the Funds is similar to the rules that apply to capital loss carryovers of individuals, which provide that such losses are carried over indefinitely. If a Fund has a “net capital loss” (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains) the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year. The carryover of capital losses may be limited under the general loss limitation rules if a Fund experiences an ownership change as defined in the IRC.

As a general rule, a Fund’s gain or loss on a sale or exchange of an investment will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has held the investment for more than one year and will be a short-term capital gain or loss if it has held the investment for one year or less. Gains or losses on the sale of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency may be re-characterized as ordinary income or losses, as described below.

In general, gain or loss on a short sale is recognized when a Fund closes the sale by delivering the borrowed property to the lender, not when the borrowed property is sold. Gain or loss from a short sale is generally considered as capital gain or loss to the extent that the property used to close the short sale constitutes a capital asset in a Fund’s hands. Except with respect to certain situations where the property used by a Fund to close a short sale has a long-term holding period on the date of the short sale, special rules would generally treat the gains on short sales as short-term capital gains. These rules may also terminate the running of the holding period of “substantially identical property” held by a Fund. Moreover, a loss on a short sale will be treated as a long-term capital loss if, on the date of the short sale, “substantially identical property” has been held by a Fund for more than one year. In general, a Fund will not be permitted to deduct payments made to reimburse the lender of securities for dividends paid on borrowed stock if the short sale is closed on or before the 45th day after the short sale is entered into.

Complex Securities. A Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, foreign currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on foreign currencies) will be subject to special provisions of the IRC (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect a Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC, affect the character of gains and losses realized by that Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (i) will require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year), and (ii) may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes.

Certain derivative investment by the Funds, such as exchange-traded products and over-the-counter derivatives may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the “Qualifying Income Test” described above, which must be met in order for a Fund to maintain its status as a RIC under the IRC. In addition, the determination of the value and the identity of the issuer of such derivative investments are often unclear for purposes of the “Asset Test” described above. The Funds intend to carefully monitor such investments to ensure that any non-qualifying income does not exceed permissible limits and to ensure that they are adequately diversified under the Asset Test. The Funds, however, may not be able to accurately predict the non-qualifying income from these investments and there are no assurances that the IRS will agree with the Funds’ determination of the “Asset Test” with respect to such derivatives.

The Funds will monitor their transactions, intend to make the appropriate tax elections, if any, and intend to make the appropriate entries in their books and records when they acquire any zero coupon security, foreign currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and seek to prevent disqualification of any Fund as a RIC.

A Fund’s investment in so-called “section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most foreign currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most stock indices, are subject to special tax rules. All section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.

 

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As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if a Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, the Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss. The tax treatment of many types of credit default swaps is uncertain.

A Fund may be required to treat amounts as taxable income or gain, subject to the distribution requirements referred to above, even though no corresponding amounts of cash are received concurrently, as a result of (1) marking to market, constructive sales or rules applicable to PFICs (as defined below) or partnerships or trusts in which the Fund invests or to certain options, futures or forward contracts, or “appreciated financial positions,” (2) the inability to obtain cash distributions or other amounts due to currency controls or restrictions on repatriation imposed by a foreign country with respect to a Fund’s investments (including through depositary receipts) in issuers in such country or (3) tax rules applicable to debt obligations acquired with “original issue discount,” including zero-coupon or deferred payment bonds and pay-in-kind debt obligations, or to market discount if an election is made with respect to such market discount. A Fund may therefore be required to obtain cash to be used to satisfy these distribution requirements by selling securities at times that it might not otherwise be desirable to do so or borrowing the necessary cash, thereby incurring interest expenses.

A Fund may invest in REITs. Investments in REIT equity securities may require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, a Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. A Fund’s investments in REIT equity securities may at other times result in a Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if a Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to such Fund’s shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Dividends paid by a REIT, other than capital gain distributions, will be taxable as ordinary income up to the amount of the REIT’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Capital gain dividends paid by a REIT to a Fund will be treated as long-term capital gains by the Fund and, in turn, may be distributed by the Fund to its shareholders as capital gain distributions. Dividends received by a Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income and will not qualify for the dividends received deduction. If a REIT is operated in a manner such that it fails to qualify as a REIT, an investment in the REIT would become subject to double taxation, meaning the taxable income of the REIT would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders and the dividends would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the REIT’s current and accumulated earnings and profits.

REITs in which a Fund invests often do not provide complete and final tax information to the Funds until after the time that the Funds issue a tax reporting statement. As a result, a Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify the amount and character of its distributions to you after it issues your tax reporting statement. When such reclassification is necessary, a Fund (or its administrative agent) will send you a corrected, final Form 1099-DIV to reflect the reclassified information. If you receive a corrected Form 1099-DIV, use the information on this corrected form, and not the information on the previously issued tax reporting statement, in completing your tax returns.

In general, for purposes of the Qualifying Income Test described above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by a Fund. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (generally, a partnership (i) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, (ii) that derives at least 90% of its income from the passive income sources specified in IRC section 7704(d), and (iii) that derives less than 90% of its income from the same sources as described in the Qualifying Income Test) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the IRC do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.

A Fund may invest in certain MLPs which may be treated as “qualified publicly traded partnerships.” Income from qualified publicly traded partnerships is qualifying income for purposes of the Qualifying Income Test, but a Fund’s investment in one or more of such “qualified publicly traded partnerships” is limited under the Asset Test to no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets. The Funds will monitor their investments in such qualified publicly traded partnerships in order to ensure compliance with the Qualifying Income and Asset Tests. MLPs and other partnerships that the Funds may invest in will deliver Form K-1s to the Funds to report their share of income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of the MLP or other partnership. These Form K-1s may be delayed and may not be received until after the time that a Fund issues its tax reporting statements. As a result, a Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify the amount and character of its distributions to you after it issues you your tax reporting statement.

 

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Foreign Investments. Dividends or other income (including, in some cases, capital gains) received by a Fund from investments in foreign securities may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Foreign taxes paid by a Fund will reduce the return from the Fund’s investments. Tax conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. If, as of the end of a Fund’s taxable year, more than 50% of the Fund’s assets consist of foreign securities, that Fund may elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or deduction on their income tax returns for their pro rata portions of qualified taxes paid by that Fund during that taxable year to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities that the Fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the IRC. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes and must treat the amount so included as if the shareholder had paid the foreign tax directly. The shareholder may then either deduct the taxes deemed paid by him or her in computing his or her taxable income or, alternatively, use the foregoing information in calculating any foreign tax credit they may be entitled to use against the shareholders’ federal income tax. If a Fund makes the election, such Fund (or its administrative agent) will report annually to their shareholders the respective amounts per share of the Fund’s income from sources within, and taxes paid to, foreign countries and U.S. possessions. Shareholders of Funds that do not hold sufficient foreign securities to meet the above 50% threshold will not be entitled to claim a credit or further deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by those Funds.

A shareholder’s ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by a Fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the IRC, which may result in the shareholder not getting a full credit or deduction for the amount of such taxes. In particular, shareholders must hold their Fund shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 additional days during the 30-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a given dividend. Shareholders who do not itemize on their federal income tax returns may claim a credit, but not a deduction, for such foreign taxes. Even if a Fund were eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in a Fund through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by the Fund.

Foreign tax credits, if any, received by a Fund as a result of an investment in another RIC (including an ETF which is taxable as a RIC) will not be passed through to you unless the Fund qualifies as a “qualified fund-of-funds” under the IRC. If a Fund is a “qualified fund-of- funds” it will be eligible to file an election with the IRS that will enable the Fund to pass along these foreign tax credits to its shareholders. A Fund will be treated as a “qualified fund-of-funds” under the IRC if at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets (at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year) is represented by interests in other RICs.

If a Fund purchases shares in certain foreign investment entities, called “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”), it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.

If a Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the IRC, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.

Alternatively, a Fund may make a mark-to-market election that will result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased all of the PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years of the Fund, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, a Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax.

Dividends paid by PFICs are not eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. If a Fund indirectly invests in PFICs by virtue of the Fund’s investment in other funds, it may not make such PFIC elections; rather, the underlying funds directly investing in the PFICs would decide whether to make such elections. Because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC, a Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances.

Each Fund intends to make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effect of these rules; however, there can be no assurances that a Fund will make such elections.

 

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Under Section 988 of the IRC, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time a Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. Similarly, gains or losses on foreign currency, foreign currency forward contracts, certain foreign currency options or futures contracts and the disposition of debt securities denominated in foreign currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless a Fund were to elect otherwise. Any such net gains could require a larger dividend toward the end of the calendar year. Any such net losses will generally reduce and potentially require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate Fund distributions to shareholders and increase the portion of distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by a Fund to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.

Taxation of U.S. Shareholders

Dividends and Distributions. Dividends and other distributions by a Fund are generally treated under the IRC as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year. Under this rule, therefore, a shareholder may be taxed in one year on dividends or distributions actually received in January of the following calendar year.

Each Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income, and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to federal corporate income tax (currently at a maximum rate of 35%), and may also be subject to a state tax, on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will report such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.

Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a Fund reports as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. All other dividends paid by a Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income. However, any dividends paid by the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund that are properly reported as exempt-interest dividends will not be subject to regular federal income tax.

Special rules may apply, however, to certain dividends paid to individuals. Such a dividend may be subject to tax at the rates generally applicable to long-term capital gains for individuals (currently set at a maximum rate of 20%), provided that the individual receiving the dividend satisfies certain holding period and other requirements. Dividends subject to these special rules are not actually treated as capital gains, however, and thus are not included in the computation of an individual’s net capital gain and generally cannot be used to offset capital losses. The long-term capital gains rates will apply to (i) 100% of the regular dividends paid by a Fund to an individual in a particular taxable year if 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (ignoring gains attributable to the sale of stocks and securities except to the extent net short-term capital gain from such sales exceeds net long-term capital loss from such sales) in that taxable year is attributable to qualified dividend income received by the Fund; or (ii) the portion of the regular dividends paid by a Fund to an individual in a particular taxable year that is attributable to qualified dividend income received by the Fund in that taxable year if such qualified dividend income accounts for less than 95% of the Fund’s gross income (ignoring gains attributable to the sale of stocks and securities except to the extent net short-term capital gain from such sales exceeds net long-term capital loss from such sales) for that taxable year. For this purpose, “qualified dividend income” generally means income from dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations and certain foreign corporations, provided that the Fund and the individual satisfy certain holding period requirements and have not hedged their positions in certain ways. Also, dividends received by a Fund from a REIT or another RIC generally are qualified dividend income only to the extent the dividend distributions are made out of qualified dividend income received by such REIT or other RIC. Fixed income funds generally do not generate a significant amount of income that is eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

Any distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by a Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by a Fund on securities if temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Fund, will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. Similarly, any distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by a Fund in lieu of tax-exempt interest with respect to securities on loan or (ii) tax-exempt interest received by the Fund on tax-exempt securities it temporarily

 

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purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Fund, will not constitute an exempt-interest dividend to shareholders. If a shareholder elects to treat Fund dividends as investment income for purposes of the limitation on the deductibility of investment interest, such dividends would not be a qualified dividend income.

You will receive information at or near the end of each calendar year setting forth the amount of dividends paid by us that are eligible for the reduced rates.

Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in his shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds his shares of the Fund as capital assets). Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount.

Regular dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to certain dividends received by that Fund from U.S. corporations may qualify for the federal dividends-received deduction for corporations. The portion of the dividends received from a Fund that qualifies for the dividends-received deduction for corporations will be reduced to the extent that a Fund holds dividend-paying stock for fewer than 46 days (91 days for certain preferred stocks). A Fund’s holding period requirement must be satisfied separately for each dividend during a prescribed period before and after the ex-dividend date and will not include any period during which that Fund has reduced its risk of loss from holding the stock by purchasing an option to sell, granting an option to buy, or entering into a short sale of substantially identical stock or securities, such as securities convertible into the stock. The holding period for stock may also be reduced if a Fund diminishes its risk of loss by holding one or more other positions with respect to substantially similar or related properties. Dividends-received deductions will be allowed only with respect to dividends paid on Fund shares for which a corporate shareholder satisfies the same holding period rules applicable to the Fund, and the deduction is subject to limitations on debt financing at both the Fund and shareholder levels. Receipt of dividends that qualify for the dividends-received deduction may increase a corporate shareholder’s liability, if any, for alternative minimum tax. Such a shareholder should also consult its tax adviser regarding the possibility that its federal tax basis in its Fund shares may be reduced by the receipt of “extraordinary dividends” from a Fund, and to the extent such basis would be reduced below zero, current recognition of income would be required. Fixed income funds generally do not generate a significant amount of income that is eligible for the dividends received deduction.

Investors considering buying shares of a Fund on or just prior to the record date for a taxable dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares just purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them.

Unless a shareholder falls within certain exceptions, the custodian, broker or other administrative agent holding shares in the Fund on a shareholder’s behalf must report to the IRS and furnish to the shareholder the cost basis information for Fund shares. In addition to reporting the gross proceeds from the sale of shares of a Fund, an affected shareholder will receive cost basis information for such shares which will indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. For each sale of shares of a Fund, a shareholder is to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including the average basis method. In the absence of an election, the custodian, broker or other administrative agent holding shares in the Fund will use a default cost basis method they have chosen which should have been communicated to such shareholders. The cost basis method elected by a shareholder (or the cost basis method applied by default) for each sale of shares of a Fund may not be changed after the settlement date of each such sale. Shareholders should consult with your tax advisors to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for your tax situation and to obtain more information about cost basis reporting. Shareholders also should carefully review any cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.

If at least 50% of the value of the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund’s total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable years consists of debt obligations that generate interest exempt from U.S. Federal income tax, then the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund may qualify to pass through to its shareholders the tax-exempt character of its income from such debt obligations by paying tax-exempt interest dividends. The Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund intends to qualify and to provide shareholders with income exempt from U.S. Federal income tax in the form of exempt-interest dividends. “Tax exempt-interest dividends” are dividends (other than capital gain dividends) paid by a RIC that are properly reported as such in a written statement furnished to shareholders.

Exempt-interest dividends generally are excluded from your gross income for federal income tax purposes. Interest on indebtedness incurred by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund will not be deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, the IRC may require a shareholder that receives exempt-interest dividends to treat as taxable income a portion of certain otherwise non-taxable social security and railroad retirement benefit payments.

 

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Furthermore, a portion of any exempt-interest dividend paid by the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund that represents income derived from certain revenue or private activity bonds held by the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund may not retain its tax-exempt status in the hands of a shareholder who is a “substantial user” of a facility financed by such bonds, or a “related person” thereof. Moreover, some or all of the exempt-interest dividends distributed by the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund may be a specific preference item, or a component of an adjustment item, for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. In addition, the receipt of dividends and distributions from the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund may affect a foreign corporate shareholder’s federal “branch profits” tax liability and the federal “excess net passive income” tax liability of a shareholder of an S corporation. The IRS may challenge the tax-exempt status of municipal bonds held by municipal bond investments. If the IRS were successful in its challenge, shareholders may be liable for taxes on past and future distributions received with respect to such bonds.

Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors as to whether they are (i) “substantial users” with respect to a facility or “related” to such users within the meaning of the IRC or (ii) subject to a federal alternative minimum tax, the federal “branch profits” tax, or the federal “excess net passive income” tax. Furthermore, although tax-exempt interest dividends are generally exempt from U.S. Federal income tax, there may not be a similar exemption under the laws of a particular state or local taxing jurisdiction. Thus, tax-exempt interest dividends may be subject to state and local taxes.

Certain types of income received by a Fund from real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”), a REIT that is a taxable mortgage pool or that has a subsidiary that is a TMP or that invests in the residual interest of a REMIC, or other investments may cause the Fund to designate some or all of its distributions as “excess inclusion income.” To Fund shareholders such excess inclusion income may (1) constitute taxable income as “unrelated business taxable income” (“UBTI”) for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (2) not be offset against net operating losses for tax purposes; (3) not be eligible for reduced US withholding for non-US shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (4) cause the Fund to be subject to tax if certain “disqualified organizations” as defined by the IRC are Fund shareholders. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special rules and should consult their tax advisor. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are strongly encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding these issues.

Sales of Shares. Upon the sale or exchange of his shares, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and his basis in his shares. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Fund, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of a Fund share held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. Furthermore, if shares on which a shareholder has received a tax-exempt interest dividend distribution are subsequently sold, exchanged, or redeemed and such shares have been held for six months or less, any loss recognized will be disallowed to the extent of tax-exempt interest dividend distributions. If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of the Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents a shareholder from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting his or her investment within a family of mutual funds.

Medicare Contribution Tax. U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income”, including interest, dividends, and capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares). “Net investment income” does not include distributions of exempt-interest.

Notices. Shareholders will also receive, if appropriate, various written notices after the close of a Fund’s taxable year regarding the U.S. federal income tax status of certain dividends, distributions and deemed distributions that were paid (or that are treated as having been paid) by the Fund to its shareholders during the preceding taxable year.

Backup Withholding. A Fund may be required to withhold at a rate of 28% and remit to the U.S. Treasury the amount withheld on amounts payable to shareholders who (i) fail to provide the Fund with their correct taxpayer identification number, (ii) have failed to make required certifications such as that they are not subject to backup withholding or are U.S. persons, or (iii) are subject to backup withholding. Certain shareholders are exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability.

 

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Other Taxes. Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.

If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempt. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders

Any non-U.S. shareholders in the Fund may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are encouraged to consult their tax advisors prior to investing in the Fund.

Dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8-BEN-E certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate).

In general, U.S. federal withholding tax will not apply to any gain or income realized by a non-U.S. shareholder in respect of any distributions of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, exempt-interest dividends, or upon the sale or other disposition of shares of the Fund.

Properly-designated dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) and (ii) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, the fund may designate all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains, and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as eligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if a Fund designates the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gains. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.

A U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate is imposed on dividends (and proceeds of sales in respect of Fund shares and capital gains dividends received by Fund shareholders beginning after December 31, 2018) for shareholders who own their shares through foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied.

A distribution from a Fund to foreign shareholders who have held more than 5% of a class of Fund shares at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of distribution is treated as real property gain with certain tax filing requirements applicable, if such distribution is attributable to a distribution of real property gain received by the Fund from a REIT and if 50% or more of the value of the Fund’s assets are invested in REITs and other U.S. real property holding corporations. In such case the foreign shareholder would be subject to a 35% withholding tax with respect to such distribution and such distribution would be treated as income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. Such treatment may give rise to an obligation on the part of the foreign shareholder to file a U.S. federal income tax return. Moreover, such distribution may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a foreign shareholder that is a corporation.

Foreign shareholders of a Fund also may be subject to “wash sale” rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax-filing and payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares.

If you hold your shares in a tax-qualified retirement account, you generally will not be subject to federal taxation on income and capital gains distribution from a Fund, until you begin receiving payments from your retirement account. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the tax rules that apply to your retirement account.

 

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Distributions by a Fund to shareholders and the ownership of shares may be subject to state and local taxes. Rules of state and local taxation of dividend and capital gains distributions from RICs often differ from the rules for federal income taxation described above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of these and other state and local tax rules affecting an investment in Fund shares.

The foregoing is only a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders, and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers with specific reference to their own tax situations, including their state and local tax liabilities.

DISTRIBUTOR

Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) is the distributor (also known as principal underwriter) of the shares of the Fund and is located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of the FINRA.

Under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust, the Distributor acts as the principal underwriter of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.

The Distributor may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or other financial intermediaries for distribution of shares of the Fund. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Fund and/or the Adviser, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may receive shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Distributor. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Fund.

Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although customers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the intermediary. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Fund for its distribution services. The Adviser pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related related services..

The Adviser pays the Distributor for the services rendered under the Distribution Agreement pursuant to a Distribution Services Agreement.

CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT

Brown Brothers Harriman &Co. (“BBH”), located at [50 Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts, 02110], serves as the Trust’s custodian, fund accountant and administrator. Under its agreements with the Trust, BBH holds the Trust’s Fund securities, calculates the Fund’s daily NAV, provides various administrative services and keeps all required accounts and records. For its custody services, BBH receives a monthly fee based upon the month-end market value of securities held in custody and also receives certain securities transaction charges and out-of-pocket expenses.

UMB Fund Services, Inc. located at [235 W. Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212], serves as a transfer agent and shareholder services to the Trust to render certain shareholder record keeping and accounting services.

SECURITIES LENDING ACTIVITY

[XX] acts as securities lending agent for the Funds. The services provided by [XX] include [(i) entering into loans subject to guidelines or restrictions provided by the Funds; (ii) establishing and maintaining collateral accounts; (iii) monitoring daily the value of the loaned securities and collateral; (iv) seeking additional collateral as necessary from borrowers, and returning collateral to borrowers; (v) receiving and holding collateral from borrowers, and facilitating the investment and reinvestment of cash collateral; (vi)

     

 

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negotiating loan terms; (vii) selecting securities to be loaned subject to guidelines or restrictions provided by the Funds; (viii) recordkeeping and account servicing; (ix) monitoring dividend and proxy activity relating to loaned securities; and (x) arranging for return of loaned securities to the Funds at loan termination.]

The table below sets forth the gross income received by the Funds from securities lending activities during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2018. The table also shows the fees and/or other compensation paid by the applicable Funds, any other fees or payments incurred by each Fund resulting from lending securities providers, and the net income earned by the Funds for securities lending activities.

 

     
     Destinations
Large Cap
Equity Fund
    Destinations
Small-Mid
Cap Equity
Fund
    Destinations
International
Equity Fund
    Destinations
Equity Income
Fund
    Destinations
Real Assets
Fund
 

Gross Income from securities lending activities (including income from cash collateral reinvestment)

   $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [    

Fees and/or compensation for securities lending activities and related services

          

Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split

   $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [    

Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split

   $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *] 

Administrative fees not included in revenue split

   $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *] 

Indemnification fee not included in revenue split

   $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *] 

Rebate (paid to borrower)

   $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [    

Other fees not included in revenue split[**]

   $
 

  

 
  $
 

  

 
  $
 

  

 
  $
 

  

 
  $
 

  

 

Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities

   $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [    

Net Income from securities lending activities

   $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [    

 

* [[XX] fees are included in the revenue split.] [INCLUDE FOOTNOTE IF THERE ARE NO CASH COLLATERAL MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE AND/OR INDEMNIFICATION FEES.]
** [DESCRIPTION OF OTHER FEE] [INCLUDE FOOTNOTE IF THERE ARE OTHER FEES.]

 

     Destinations
Core Fixed
Income Fund
    Destinations
Low
Duration
Fixed Income
Fund
    Destinations
Global Fixed
Income Fund
    Destinations
Municipal
Fixed Income
Fund
    Destinations
Multi
Strategy
Alternatives
Fund
 

Gross Income from securities lending activities (including income from cash collateral reinvestment)

   $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [    

Fees and/or compensation for securities lending activities and related services

          

Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split

   $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [    

Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split

   $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *] 

Administrative fees not included in revenue split

   $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *] 

Indemnification fee not included in revenue split

   $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *]    $ [ *] 

Rebate (paid to borrower)

   $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [    

Other fees not included in revenue split[**]

   $
 

  

 
  $
 

  

 
  $
 

  

 
  $
 

  

 
  $
 

  

 

Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities

   $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [    

Net Income from securities lending activities

   $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [       $ [    

 

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* [[XX] fees are included in the revenue split.] [INCLUDE FOOTNOTE IF THERE ARE NO CASH COLLATERAL MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE AND/OR INDEMNIFICATION FEES.]
** [DESCRIPTION OF OTHER FEE] [INCLUDE FOOTNOTE IF THERE ARE OTHER FEES.]

 

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APPENDIX A—RATINGS OF DEBT OBLIGATIONS

BOND AND NOTE RATINGS

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service (“Standard & Poor’s”) — Ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standings within the major rating categories.

 

AAA    Bonds rated “AAA” have the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA    Bonds rated “AA” have a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differ from the highest rated issues only in a small degree.
A    Bonds rated “A” have a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB    Bonds rated “BBB” are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for bonds in this category than in higher rated categories

BB, B, CCC,

CC and C

   Bonds rated “BB”, “B”, “CCC”, “CC” and “C” are regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. “BB” represents the lowest degree of speculation and “C” the highest degree of speculation. While such bonds will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
D    Bonds rated “D” are in default and payment of interest and/or repayment of principal is in arrears.

Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) — Numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 may be applied to each generic rating from “Aa” to “Caa” where 1 is the highest and 3 the lowest ranking within its generic category.

 

Aaa    Bonds rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa    Bonds rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the “Aaa” group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in “Aaa” securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in “Aaa” securities.
A    Bonds rated “A” possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa    Bonds rated “Baa” are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba    Bonds rated “Ba” are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and therefore not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B    Bonds rated “B” generally lack characteristics of desirable investments. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa    Bonds rated “Caa” are of poor standing. These may be in default, or present elements of danger may exist with respect to principal or interest.
Ca    Bonds rated “Ca” represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C    Bonds rated “C” are the lowest class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

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Fitch Ratings Service (“Fitch”) — Ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standings within the major rating categories.

 

AAA    Bonds rated “AAA” have the highest rating assigned by Fitch. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA    Bonds rated “AA” have a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differ from the highest rated issues only in a small degree.
A    Bonds rated “A” have a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB    Bonds rated “BBB” are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for bonds in this category than in higher rated categories.

BB, B, CCC,

CC and C

   Bonds rated “BB”, “B”, “CCC”, “CC” and “C” are regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. “BB” represents a lower degree of speculation than “B”, and “CC” the highest degree of speculation. While such bonds will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
NR    Indicates that the bond is not rated by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, or Fitch.

Short-Term Security Ratings

 

     
SP-1    Standard & Poor’s highest rating indicating very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and interest; those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are denoted with a plus (+) sign.
A-1    Standard & Poor’s highest commercial paper and variable-rate demand obligation (VRDO) rating indicating that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is either overwhelming or very strong; those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are denoted with a plus (+) sign.
VMIG 1    Moody’s highest rating for issues having a demand feature —VRDO.
P-1    Moody’s highest rating for commercial paper and for VRDO prior to the advent of the VMIG 1 rating.
F-1    Fitch’s highest rating indicating the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; those issues determined to possess overwhelming strong credit feature are denoted with a plus (+) sign.

 

 

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APPENDIX B

BRINKER CAPITAL DESTINATIONS TRUST

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures Pursuant to Rule 38a-1

Under the Investment Company Act of 1940

PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES

Portfolio management activities are performed by the Adviser and Sub-Advisers. As such all proxy voting responsibilities are performed by the Adviser and Sub-Advisers.

Each Adviser/Sub-Adviser shall vote the proxies appurtenant to all shares of corporate stock owned by each Fund for which it serves as adviser/sub-adviser

Each Adviser/Sub-Adviser shall vote said proxies strictly in accordance with the proxy voting policies submitted by that firm to and approved by the Trusts’ Board of Trustees

In the event that a Sub-Adviser does not or cannot vote the proxies appurtenant to shares of stock of a companies or companies held by a Fund managed by that sub-adviser, the sub-adviser shall notify Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker”) of that fact and Brinker shall vote said proxy(s) in accordance with its proxy voting policies (stated below).

Brinker acts as fiduciary in relation to the portfolios of the Trust and any other clients that if may manage in the future and the assets entrusted by them to their management. Where the assets placed in Brinker’s care include shares of corporate stock, and except where the client has expressly reserved to itself or another party the duty to vote proxies, it is Brinker’s duty as a fiduciary to vote all proxies relating to such shares.

Brinker has an obligation to vote all proxies received from shares of corporate stock owned by its client accounts in the best interests of those clients. In voting these proxies, Brinker may not be motivated by, or subordinate the client’s interests to, its own objectives or those of persons or parties unrelated to the client. Brinker will exercise all appropriate and lawful care, skill, prudence and diligence in voting proxies, and shall vote all proxies relating to shares owned by its client accounts and received by Brinker. Brinker shall not be responsible, however, for voting proxies that it does not receive in sufficient time to respond.

In order to carry out its responsibilities in regard to voting proxies, Brinker must track all shareholder meetings convened by companies whose shares are held in Brinker client accounts, identify all issues presented to shareholders at such meetings, formulate a principled position on each such issue and ensure that proxies pertaining to all shares owned in client accounts are voted in accordance with such determinations.

Investment advisers registered with the SEC, and which exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act to (a) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between adviser’s interests and those of its clients; (b) to disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to its clients; and (d) maintain certain records relating to the adviser’s proxy voting activities when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.

In the event that a Sub-Adviser does not or cannot vote the proxies appurtenant to shares of stock of a companies or companies held by a Fund managed by that sub-adviser, Brinker shall utilize the formal proxy guidelines (set forth below) to appropriately assess each proxy issue. Generally, Brinker seeks to vote proxies in the best interests of its clients. In the ordinary course, this entails voting proxies in a way which Brinker believes will maximize the monetary value of each portfolio’s holdings. Brinker’s Compliance Committee will address any unusual or undefined voting issues that may arise during the year.

In addition, Brinker may engage the services of an independent third party (“Proxy Firm”) to cast proxy votes according to Brinker’s established guidelines. The Proxy Firm will promptly notify Brinker of any proxy issues that do not fall under the guidelines set forth below. Brinker does not believe that conflicts of interest will generally arise in connection with its proxy voting policies.

 

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Generally, Brinker views that proxy proposals can be grouped into six broad categories as follows:

 

I. Election of Board of Directors

 

    Brinker will generally vote in support of management’s nominees for the board of directors; however, Brinker may choose not to support management’s proposed board if circumstances warrant such consideration.

 

II. Appointment of Independent Auditors

 

    Brinker will support the recommendation of the respective corporation’s board of directors.

 

III. Issues of Corporate Structure and Shareholder Rights

 

    Proposals may originate from either management or shareholders, and among other things, may request revisions to the corporate bylaws that will affect shareholder ownership rights. Brinker does not generally support obstacles erected by corporations to prevent mergers or takeovers with the view that such actions may depress the corporation’s marketplace value.

 

    Brinker supports the following types of corporate structure and shareholder rights proposals:

 

    Management proposals for approval of stock repurchase programs; stock splits (including reverse splits).

 

    Authorization to increase shares outstanding.

 

    The ability of shareholders to vote on shareholder rights plans (poison pills).

 

    Shareholder rights to eliminate or remove supermajority provisions.

 

    Shareholders’ rights to call special meetings and to act by written consent.

 

    Shareholders’ rights to call special meetings and to act by written consent.

 

    Brinker votes against management on the following items which have potentially substantial financial or best interest impact:

 

    Capitalization changes that add “blank check” classes of stock or classes that dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders which are contrary to the best interest of existing shareholders

 

    Anti-takeover and related provisions that serve to prevent the majority of shareholders from exercising their rights or effectively deter appropriate tender offers and other offers

 

    Amendments to bylaws which would require super-majority shareholder votes to pass or repeal certain provisions

 

    Elimination of shareholders’ right to call special meetings

 

    Establishment of classified boards of directors

 

    Reincorporation in a state which has more stringent anti-takeover and related provisions

 

    Shareholder rights plans that allow the board of directors to block appropriate offers to shareholders or which trigger provisions preventing legitimate offers from proceeding

 

    Excessive compensation

 

    Change-in-control provisions in non-salary compensation plans, employment contracts, and severance agreements which benefit management and would be costly to shareholders if triggered

 

    Adjournment of meeting to solicit additional votes

 

    “Other business as properly comes before the meeting” proposals which extend “blank check” powers to those acting as proxy

 

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    Proposals requesting re-election of insiders or affiliated directors who serve on audit, compensation, and nominating committees.

 

IV. Mergers and Acquisitions.

Brinker evaluates Mergers and Acquisitions on a case-by-case basis. Brinker uses its discretion in order to maximize shareholder value. Brinker generally votes as follows:

 

    Against offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock, especially in some non-US markets

 

    For offers that concur with index calculators’ treatment and our ability to meet our clients’ return objectives for passive funds

 

    For proposals to restructure or liquidate closed end investment funds in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

 

V. Executive and Director Equity-Based Compensation

 

    Brinker is generally in favor of properly constructed equity-based compensation arrangements. Brinker will support proposals that provide management with the ability to implement compensation arrangements that are both fair and competitive. However, Brinker may oppose management proposals that could potentially significantly dilute shareholders’ ownership interests in the corporation.

 

VI. Corporate Social and Policy Issues

 

    Proposals usually originate from shareholders and may require a revision of certain business practices and policies.

Brinker believes, however, that typical business matters that directly or indirectly effect corporate profitability are primarily the responsibility of management. Brinker believes it is inappropriate to use client assets to address socio-political issues. Therefore, social and policy issues reflected in shareholder proposals should be subject to the approval of the corporation’s board of directors.

Conflicts

From time to time, Brinker will review a proxy which presents a potential material conflict. As a fiduciary to its clients, Brinker takes these potential conflicts very seriously. While Brinker’s only goal in addressing any such potential conflict is to ensure that proxy votes are cast in the clients’ best interests and are not affected by Brinker’s potential conflict, there are a number of courses Brinker may take. The final decision about which course to follow shall be made by Brinker’s Compliance Committee.

When the matter falls clearly within one of the proposals enumerated above, casting a vote which simply follows Brinker’s pre-determined policy would eliminate Brinker’s discretion on the particular issue and hence avoid the conflict.

In other cases, where the matter presents a potential material conflict and is not clearly within one of the enumerated proposals, or is of such a nature that Brinker believes more active involvement is necessary, Brinker may employ the services of a Proxy Firm, wholly independent of Brinker, and those parties involved in the proxy issue, to determine the appropriate vote.

Second, in certain situations Brinker’s Compliance Committee may determine that the employment of a Proxy Firm is unfeasible, impractical or unnecessary. In such situations, the Compliance Committee shall make a decision about the voting of the proxy. The basis for the voting decision, including the basis for the determination that the decision is in the best interests of Brinker’s clients, shall be formalized in writing. As stated above, which action is appropriate in any given scenario would be the decision of the Compliance Committee in carrying out his duty to ensure that the proxies are voted in the clients’, and not Brinker’s, best interests.

 

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Proxy Voting Procedures

The following describes the standard procedures that are to be followed with respect to carrying out Brinker’s proxy policy:

1. When a Sub-Adviser notifies Brinker that Brinker will need to vote a proxy, all relevant information in the proxy materials requested from the Sub-Adviser and when received (e.g., the record date of the meeting and date of the shareholder meeting) will be recorded immediately by Brinker in a database to maintain control over such materials. Brinker will confirm the relevant client’s holdings of the securities and that the client is eligible to vote.

2. Brinker will review the proxy and if necessary compile information on each proxy. Brinker will consider whether there are any conflicts or other issues that warrant the engagement of a Proxy Firm.

3. In determining how to vote, Brinker will consider the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures set forth above, Brinker’s knowledge of the company, any readily available information and research about the company and its agenda items, and the recommendations if any put forth by any Proxy Firm.

4. Brinker will maintain the documentation that supports its voting position. Such documentation will include, but is not limited to, any information provided by proxy service providers, and, especially as to non-routine, materially significant or controversial matters, memoranda describing the position it has taken, why that position is in the best interest of its clients, an indication of whether it supported or did not support management and any other relevant information. Additionally, Brinker may include documentation obtained from a research analyst and/or portfolio manager.

5. After the proxy is completed but before it is returned to the issuer and/or its agent, Brinker may review those situations including special or unique documentation to determine that the appropriate documentation has been created, including conflict of interest screening.

6. Brinker will submit its vote on all proxies in a timely fashion.    Brinker will attempt to submit proxies for processing at least three days prior to the meeting for U.S. securities and 10 days prior to the meeting for foreign securities. However, in certain foreign jurisdictions it may be impossible to return the proxy 10 days in advance of the meeting. In these situations, Brinker will use its best efforts to send its proxy vote in sufficient time for the vote to be lodged.

7. Brinker will retain a (a) copy of each proxy statement that Brinker receives regarding client securities; (b) a record of each vote cast by Brinker on behalf of a client; (c) a copy of any document created by Brinker that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies on behalf of a client or that memorializes the basis for that decision; (d) a copy of each written client request for information on how Brinker voted proxies on behalf of the client, and (e) a copy of any written response by Brinker to any (written or oral) client request for information on how the adviser voted proxies on behalf of the requesting client.

8. Brinker will periodically review these policies and procedures to ensure compliance.

 

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Obtaining Proxy Voting Information:

To obtain information on how Brinker voted proxies, please contact:

Brinker Capital, Inc.

1055 Westlakes Drive

Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

Attn: Chief Compliance Officer

Recordkeeping:

Brinker shall retain its (i) proxy voting policies and procedures; (ii) proxy statements received regarding portfolio securities of Brinker’s clients; (iii) records or votes it casts on behalf of clients; (iv) records of client requests for proxy voting information and responses to such requests, and (v) any documents prepared by Brinker that are material in making a proxy voting decision. Such records may be maintained with a third party, such as a proxy voting service, that will provide a copy of the documents promptly upon request.

 

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Avenue Capital Management II, L.P.

Proxy Voting

Avenue has an obligation, with limited exceptions, to vote on all proxy matters on behalf of the Avenue funds. See Annex P - Proxy Voting and Corporate Actions Policies and Procedures in this manual and Section XI. - Proxy Voting and Corporate Actions Policy and Procedures in the Registered Funds Compliance Manual.

• Proxy Voting and Corporate Actions Policies and Procedures1

These policies and procedures apply to the voting of proxies and processing of corporate actions, as applicable, by Avenue for those Avenue Funds over which the Firm has voting authority. The Public Funds are subject to proxy voting and corporate actions policies and procedures, and Employees should also refer to the Avenue Registered Fund Compliance Manual Section XI “Proxy Voting and Corporate Actions Policy and Procedures” for additional information.

General

This policy is designed to ensure that the Firm complies with the requirements under Rule 206(4)-6 and Rule 204-2 promulgated under the Advisers Act and fulfills its obligation thereunder with respect to proxy voting, disclosure, and recordkeeping. This policy is also designed to ensure that all corporate actions are voted in the best interest of each Avenue Fund, provide disclosure to Avenue Fund Investors and ensure that certain documentation is retained.

The Firm’s objective is to ensure that its proxy voting and corporate action activities on behalf of the Avenue Funds are conducted in a manner consistent, under all circumstances, with the best interest of the Avenue Funds.

Proxy Voting Policies

It is the policy of the Firm to vote proxies in accordance with the following guidelines (to the extent each is applicable):

 

Proxy Proposal Issue

  

Adviser’s Voting Policy

Routine Election of Directors

   For

Issuance of Authorized Common Stock

   For

Stock Repurchase Plans

   For

Reincorporation

   For

Director Indemnification

   For

Require Shareholder approval to issue Preferred Stock

   For

Require Shareholder approval to issue Golden Parachutes

   For

Require Shareholder approval of Poison Pill

   For

Shareholders’ Right to Call Special Meetings

   For

Shareholders’ Right to Act by Written Consent

   For

Shareholder Ability to Remove Directors With or Without Cause

   For

Shareholders Electing Directors to Fill Board Vacancies

   For

 

1  Terms not defined in the following Annex shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Compliance Manual.

 

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Proxy Proposal Issue

  

Adviser’s Voting Policy

Majority of Independent Directors

   For

Board Committee Membership exclusively of Independent Directors

   For

401(k) Savings Plans for Employees

   For

Anti-greenmail Charter or By-laws Amendments

   For

Corporate Name Change

   For

Ratification of Auditors

   For

Approval of Financial Statements and Statutory Reports

Approve Consolidated Financial Statements and Statutory Reports

Supermajority Vote Requirement

  

For

For

Against

Blank Check Preferred

   Against

Dual Classes of Stock

   Against

Staggered or Classified Boards

   Against

Fair Price Requirements

   Against

Limited Terms for Directors

   Against

Require Director Stock Ownership

   Against

Accept Plan of Reorganization

   Case by Case

Reprice Management Options

   Case by Case

Adopt/Amend Stock Option Plan

   Case by Case

Adopt/Amend Employee Stock Purchase Plan

   Case by Case

Approve Merger/Acquisitions

   Case by Case

Spin-offs

   Case by Case

Corporate Restructurings

   Case by Case

Asset Sales

   Case by Case

Liquidations

   Case by Case

Adopt Poison Pill

   Case by Case

Golden Parachutes

   Case by Case

Executive/Director Compensation

   Case by Case

Social Issues

   Case by Case

Contested Election of Directors

   Case by Case

Stock Based Compensation for Directors

   Case by Case

Increase authorized shares

   Case by Case

Tender Offers

   Case by Case

Exchange Offers

   Case by Case

Preemptive Rights

   Case by Case

Debt Restructuring

   Case by Case

Loan Waivers and Consents

   Case by Case

 

1. Proxy Voting Procedures

The Director of Operations will have the responsibility of voting proxies received by the Firm on behalf of its Avenue Funds. Proxy proposals received by the Firm and designated above in the proxy voting policies as “For” or “Against” will be voted by the Firm in accordance with the proxy voting policies. Proxy proposals received by the Firm and designated above in the proxy voting policies as “Case by Case” (or not addressed in the proxy voting policies) will be thoroughly reviewed by the Firm, and voted in the best interests of each Avenue Fund. In accordance with Rule 204-2, with respect to “Case by Case” issues, the Firm will document the basis for the Firm’s voting decisions in connection with the analyst who is in charge of the issuer.

 

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Firm may vote a proxy contrary to the proxy voting guidelines if the Firm in connection with the portfolio manager or analyst who is in charge of the issuer determines that such action is in the best interest of the Avenue Fund. In the event that the Firm votes contrary to the proxy voting guidelines, the Firm in connection with the analyst who is in charge of the issuer will document the basis for the Firm’s contrary voting decision.

In addition, the Firm may choose not to vote proxies in certain situations or for certain Avenue Funds, such as (i) where an Avenue Fund has informed the Firm that it wishes to retain the right to vote the proxy, (ii) where the Firm deems the cost of voting would exceed any anticipated benefit to the Avenue Fund, (iii) where the proxy is received for an Avenue Fund that has been terminated, or (iv) where a proxy is received by the Firm for a security it no longer manages on behalf of an Avenue Fund. The Firm, with the assistance of the portfolio manager or analyst who is in charge of the issuer, will document the basis for Avenue’s decision not to vote.

 

2. Procedure for Avenue U.S. and Avenue Europe Proxies and Corporate Actions:

Proxies for all publicly traded securities are received and voted through ProxyEdge or directly with Avenue’s prime brokers. ProxyEdge and the prime brokers notify the Firm via email as new proxies are received. The Operations Department then reviews the ballot and refers to the Avenue Proxy Policy. The Operations Department will run a report to see what parts of the capital structure each Avenue Fund owns. If the Avenue Funds’ predominant exposure to different parts of the capital structure varies such that the Avenue Funds entitled to vote may have different interest, the Chief Compliance Officer shall be notified and the policies and procedures set forth in Annex Q – Policy on Owning Different Parts of the Capital Structure and Certain Corporate Actions shall be followed. Subject to the foregoing, the proposals are voted either “For” or “Against” depending on what the Avenue Proxy Policy states. If there is a proposal that is listed as a “Case by Case” vote on the Avenue Proxy Policy, the Operations Department contacts the appropriate analyst who has the information on the proxy. The Operations Department requests that the analyst make a decision based on their knowledge of the company in which the proxy needs to be voted in order to vote the “Case by Case” proposal and also include the reason why the vote is “For” or “Against”.

The vote is then processed through ProxyEdge or the prime broker, as applicable, and an email or other notification is sent to the Operations Department.

For international proxies, the Operations Department is notified and confirms with the appropriate analyst how the proxy should be voted. The analyst decides if they will attend the meeting and vote or if the proxy will be voted by the Operations Department through the prime broker.

Corporate Actions follow the same process above except that they are voted manually through the Agent Bank and are voted on a case-by-case basis.

 

3. Procedure for Fund of Funds Proxies and Corporate Actions

All proxies and corporate actions will be received by Avenue from the Investor fund and will be voted by the Senior Portfolio Manager and all records shall be maintained by the Operations Department.

 

4. Procedure for Avenue Asia Distressed Proxies and Corporate Actions

All Asia distressed proxies and corporate actions may be received by Avenue from its prime broker or directly from the issuer and are voted by the Senior Portfolio Manager. All records of the proxies voted are saved by the Operations Department.

 

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Conflicts of Interest

The Firm may occasionally be subject to conflicts of interest in the voting of proxies due to business or personal relationships it maintains with persons having an interest in the outcome of certain votes. The Firm, its affiliates and/or its Employees may also occasionally have business or personal relationships with the proponents of proxy proposals, participants in proxy contests, corporate directors and officers, or candidates for directorships.

If at any time, the Firm becomes aware of an actual conflict of interest relating to a particular proxy proposal, the Firm will handle the proposal as follows:

If the proposal is designated in proxy voting policies above as “For” or “Against,” the proposal will be voted by the Firm in accordance with the proxy voting policies; or

If the proposal is designated in the proxy voting policies above as “Case by Case” (or not addressed in the proxy voting policies or is a corporate action), if it is clear how to vote in the best interest of the Private Funds entitled to vote then the vote may proceed, otherwise, the issue may be resolved by the Conflicts Committee, pursuant to the Policy on owning different parts of the capital Structure and Certain Corporate Actions see Annex Q – Policy on Owning Different Parts of the Capital Structure and Certain Corporate Actions, or by a Private Fund’s Advisory Board or independent party as maybe determined on a case by case basis.

Proxy and Corporate Action Voting Records

The Firm will maintain the following records in connection with the Firm’s proxy voting policies and procedures (as applicable):

a copy of the proxy or corporate actions voting policies and procedures (as applicable);

a copy of all proxy or corporate actions statements (as applicable) received regarding Private Fund’s securities;

a record of each vote the Firm cast on behalf of a Private Fund;

records of Private Fund requests for proxy or corporate actions voting information (as applicable), including a copy of each written Private Fund request for information on how the Firm voted proxies on behalf of the requesting Private Fund, and a copy of any written response by the Firm to any Private Fund request for information on how the Firm voted proxies on behalf of the requesting Private Fund; and

any documentation prepared by the Firm that was material to making a decision on how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for the voting decision.

The foregoing records will be maintained and preserved for a total of seven (7) years, the first two years in the Firm’s office.

Special Policies Regarding ERISA Clients

Plan Asset Funds governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), are to be administered consistent with the terms of the governing plan documents and applicable provisions of ERISA. In cases where the Firm has proxy voting authority with respect to such Employee Benefit Plans, the Firm will vote the proxies of such Employee Benefit Plan in accordance with the Firm’s policies and procedures, subject to the fiduciary responsibility standards of ERISA.

 

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Changes to the Voting Rules

Changes may be made by the Firm to the rules as long as such changes are not expected to materially adversely affect the Private Fund. Upon a material change, the Private Funds will be made aware of such material change to the voting rules and the reasons for the change.

Disclosure to Funds

With respect to any Private Fund, information regarding how that Private Fund’s proxies and corporate actions were voted by the Firm will be provided to a Private Fund Investor upon written request to the Firm. With respect to any Public Fund, the applicable Avenue adviser managing such Public Fund shall promptly provide information to a Public Fund Investor regarding how the Public Fund’s proxies and corporate actions were voted to enable the Public Fund to make the required disclosures regarding the proxy voting, such as in a Form N-PX filing.

 

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BAMCO, Inc

Baron Capital Management, Inc.

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

Baron Capital Management, Inc. and BAMCO, Inc. (each an “Adviser” and collectively referred to as the “Advisers” or as “we” below) have adopted the following proxy voting policies and procedures (the “Policies and Procedures”) in order to fulfill our fiduciary duty to vote client proxies in the best interest of our clients. The Policies and Procedures are intended to comply with the standards set forth in Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and apply to client accounts for which we have authority to vote proxies.

In general, it is our policy in voting proxies to consider and vote each proposal with the objective of maximizing long-term investment returns for our clients. To ensure consistency in voting proxies on behalf of our clients, we utilize the guidelines set forth in Exhibit I (the “Proxy Voting Guidelines”). The Adviser reviews research provided by Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”), however, the Adviser does not vote proxies based on ISS’ recommendations.

The Advisers use guidelines that are reviewed quarterly by the Proxy Review Committee established by the Advisers. The Proxy Review Committee addresses all questions relating to the Advisers’ Proxy Voting Guidelines, which may include:

a general review of proposals being put forth at shareholder meetings of portfolio companies;

adopting changes to the Proxy Voting Guidelines;

determining whether matters present material conflicts of interest;

determining how to vote matters for which specific direction has not been provided in the Proxy Voting Guidelines (i.e., “case by case” matters); and

reviewing instances in which the Advisers have voted against the Proxy Voting Guidelines.

If a portfolio manager wishes to recommend voting against the Proxy Voting Guidelines, he or his designee must provide the rationale for that request to the General Counsel in writing. The President, in consultation with the General Counsel, will make the final decision with respect to how the matter will be voted.

In providing investment advisory services to our clients, we try to avoid material conflicts of interest. However, a material conflict of interest may arise in cases where:

we mange assets or administer employee benefit plans for companies whose management is soliciting proxies;

we manage money for an employee group who is the proponent of a proxy proposal;

we have a personal relationship with participants in a proxy solicitation or a director or candidate for director of one of our portfolio companies; or

we otherwise have a personal interest in the outcome in a particular proxy vote.

 

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The categories above are not exhaustive and the determination of whether a material conflict exists depends on all of the facts and circumstances of the particular situation. If it is determined that there is a material conflict of interest between the interests of the Advisers’ and the interests of a client, the Proxy Review Committee will review the matter and may either (i) request that the client consent to the Advisers’ vote, (ii) vote in accordance with the published recommendations of an independent proxy voting service or (iii) appoint an independent third party to vote.

We acknowledge that the authority to vote proxies is part of our fiduciary duty to our clients. There may be cases in which the cost of doing so would exceed the expected benefits to the client. This may be particularly true in the case of non-U.S. securities. Voting proxies of non-US companies located in certain jurisdictions, particularly in emerging markets, may involve a number of logistical issues that may negatively affect the Advisers’ ability to vote such proxies. Accordingly, the Advisers will not vote client proxies if the Advisers determine that the costs associated with a vote outweigh the benefits to the clients.

Client Disclosure

The Policies and Procedures are available online at www.BaronFunds.com.

Clients of Baron Capital Management, Inc. and BAMCO, Inc. can obtain a report of how their respective proxies were voted by sending a written request to the Legal Department.

The proxy record for Baron Investment Funds Trust and Baron Select Funds (the “Baron Funds”) for the most recent 12-month period ended June 30th is available online at www.BaronFunds.com and through the SEC’s website on Form N-PX. The Legal Department will file Form N-PX with the SEC no later than August 31st for each year ended June 30th. BAMCO, Inc., the adviser to the Baron Funds, will provide a quarterly proxy voting report to the Board of Trustees of the Baron Funds.

 

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Exhibit I

Proxy Voting Guidelines

These guidelines are divided into proposal themes that group together the issues that frequently appear on the agenda of annual and extraordinary meetings of shareholders. We generally vote proposals in accordance with these guidelines.

In addition, these guidelines are not intended to address all issues that may appear on the agenda of annual and extraordinary meetings of shareholders. We will evaluate on a case-by-case basis any proposal not specifically addressed by these guidelines, whether submitted by management or shareholders, always keeping in mind our fiduciary duty to make voting decisions that, by maximizing long-term shareholder value, are in our clients’ best interests.

The proposal themes are:

A. Board and Director Proposals; B. Auditors Proposals;

C. Capital Structure, Anti-Takeover, and Corporate Transaction Proposals; D. Compensations Proposals;

E. Corporate Governance Proposals; and

 

F. Social, Ethical and Environmental Proposals

A. Board and Director Proposals

 

1. Director elections

We generally support management’s nominees for directors in most uncontested elections. We may withhold votes from certain directors or members of particular board committees (or prior members, as the case may be) in certain situations, including, but not limited to:

 

    Failure to implement shareholder proposals that receive a majority of votes

We believe that directors have a duty to respond to shareholder actions that have received significant shareholder support. We may withhold votes from members of the governance committee where the board fails to implement shareholder proposals that receive a majority of votes cast at a prior shareholder meeting, and the proposals, in our view, have a direct and substantial impact on shareholders’ fundamental rights or long-term economic interests.

 

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    Adoption of certain charter or bylaw provisions

The board may adopt or amend certain charter and/or bylaw provisions that have the effect of entrenching directors or adversely impacting shareholder rights. In such cases, we may withhold votes from members of the governance committee (except new nominees, who should be considered case-by-case).

 

    Ineffective internal control over financial reporting

We may withhold votes from members of the audit committee when a material weakness under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act rises to a level of serious concern, there are chronic internal control weaknesses, or when the audit committee has demonstrated ineffective internal control over financial reporting.

 

    Hedging and/or pledging of company stock

We support full disclosure of the policies of the company regarding pledging and/or hedging of company stock by executives and directors. We may withhold votes from members of the audit committee if it is determined that significant pledging and/or hedging of company stock in the aggregate by the officers and directors of a company has occurred, and the audit committee has failed to adequately oversee this risk.

 

    Pay-for-performance misalignments

We may withhold votes from members of the compensation committee during a period in which executive compensation appears excessive relative to performance and peers, and where we believe the compensation committee has not already substantially addressed this issue.

To the extent an executive compensation (“Say on Pay”) proposal is not presented for voting due to the board’s adoption of a triennial say-on-pay voting system, we may express our concern with executive compensation through our vote on the members of the compensation committee.

 

    Over-boarding

We may withhold votes from certain directors who commit themselves to service on many boards, such that we deem it unlikely that the director will be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company (commonly referred to as “over-boarding”). While each situation will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, we are most likely to withhold votes for over-boarding where a director is: 1) serving on more than five public company boards; or 2) is a chief executive officer at a public company and is serving on more than two additional public company boards (withhold only at their outside boards).

 

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2. Board and Committee independence

We believe companies should have a majority of independent directors and independent key committees. However, we will incorporate local market regulation and corporate governance codes into our decision making. We will generally regard a director as independent if the director satisfies the criteria for independence:

(i) espoused by the primary exchange on which the company’s shares are traded; or

(ii) set forth in the code we determine to be best practice in the country where the subject company is domiciled.

 

    For controlled companies, notwithstanding whether their board composition complies with the criteria for independence espoused by the primary exchange on which the company’s shares are traded, we expect that at least 51% of the company’s board members be comprised of independent directors.

 

    We consider the election of directors who are “bundled” on a single slate on a case—by-case basis, considering the amount of information available and an assessment of the group’s qualifications.

 

3. Qualification of directors

We believe that the nominating committee of a board has the ability to ensure that the board remains qualified and effective. While we encourage boards to routinely refresh their membership, we are not opposed to long-tenured directors nor do we believe that long board tenure is necessarily an impediment to director independence. We generally defer to the board’s determination in setting age limits, term limits and stock ownership requirements for ensuring the board remains qualified.

 

4. Classified board of directors/staggered terms

Where boards are classified, director entrenchment is more likely because review of board service generally only occurs every three years. Therefore:

 

    We generally vote oppose efforts to adopt classified board structures and generally support proposals which attempt to declassify boards.

 

5. Majority vote requirements

 

    We generally support proposals seeking to require director election by majority vote.

We note that majority voting is not appropriate in all circumstances, for example, in the context of a contested election. We also recognize that some companies with a plurality voting standard have adopted a resignation policy for directors who do not receive support from at least a majority of votes cast.

 

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    Where we believe that the company already has a sufficiently robust majority voting process in place, we may not support a shareholder proposal seeking an alternative mechanism.

 

6. Cumulative voting for directors

A cumulative voting structure is not consistent with a majority voting requirement, as it may further the candidacy of minority shareholders whose interests do not coincide with our fiduciary responsibility. Therefore:

 

    We generally support any proposal to eliminate cumulative voting.

 

7. Liability and/or indemnification of directors and officers

 

    We evaluate proposals to limit directors’ liability and to broaden the indemnification of directors on a case-by-case basis.

 

8. Separation of Chairman and CEO positions

 

    We generally oppose proposals requiring separate Chairman and CEO positions.
9. Proxy Access

 

    We evaluate management and shareholder proposals to adopt proxy access and to amend proxy access bylaw provisions on a case-by-case basis.

B. Auditor Proposals

 

1. Ratification of auditors

 

    We believe that the company is in the best position to choose its accounting firm, and we generally support management’s recommendation absent evidence that auditors have not performed their duties adequately.

 

2. Approval of financial statements

 

    In some markets, companies are required to submit their financial statements for shareholder approval. This is generally a routine item and, as such, we will generally vote for the approval of financial statements unless there are appropriate reasons to vote otherwise.

 

3. Auditor indemnification and limitation of liability

 

    We generally oppose auditor indemnification and limitation of liability proposals.

 

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C. Capital Structure, Anti-Takeover, and Corporate Transaction Proposals

 

1. Increase authorized common stock

We consider specific industry best practices in our analysis of these proposals, as well as a company’s history with respect to the use of its common stock. Generally, we will support a company’s proposed increase if:

(i) a clear and legitimate business purpose is stated; and

(ii) the number of shares requested is reasonable in relation to the purpose for which authorization is requested.

That said, we generally oppose a particular proposed increase where there is evidence that the shares are to be used to implement a “poison pill” or another form of anti-takeover device, or if the issuance of new shares would, in our judgment, excessively dilute the value of the outstanding shares upon

issuance.

 

2. Increase or issuance of preferred stock

Preferred stock may be used to provide management with the flexibility to consummate beneficial acquisitions, combinations or financings on terms not necessarily available via other means of financing. We generally support these proposals in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion and other rights or terms appear reasonable.

That said, we will also consider the impact of an issuance or increase of preferred stock on the current and future rights of shareholders and may oppose a particular proposed increase or issuance where the rights or terms appear unreasonable.

 

3. Blank check preferred stock

Blank check preferred stock proposals authorize the issuance of a class of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution and other rights at some future point in time and may be used as a potential anti-takeover device. Accordingly, we generally oppose these types of proposals unless the company expressly states that the stock will not be used for anti-takeover purposes and will not be issued without shareholder approval.

 

4. Stock splits and reverse stock splits

 

    We generally support stock splits if a legitimate business purpose is set forth and the split is in shareholders’ best interests.

 

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    We generally support reverse splits if management proportionately reduces the number of authorized shares or if the effective increase in authorized shares (relative to outstanding shares) complies with the guidelines set forth herein for common stock increases.

 

5. Share repurchases

 

    We generally support share repurchase proposals that are part of a well-articulated and well- conceived capital strategy.

 

6. Elimination of preemptive rights

 

    Preemptive rights can be prohibitively expensive to widely-held companies. Therefore, we generally support proposals to eliminate preemptive rights.

 

7. Issuance of equity with and without preemptive rights

 

    We generally support issuances of equity without preemptive rights unless there is concern that the issuance will be used in a manner that could hurt shareholder value. Conversely, we generally oppose issuances of equity which carry preemptive rights or super voting rights.

 

8. Reduce or eliminate number of authorized shares

 

    We generally support proposals to reduce the number of authorized shares of common or preferred stock, or to eliminate classes of preferred stock, provided such proposals have a legitimate business purpose.

 

9. Capitalization changes

 

    We generally oppose proposals relating to changes in capitalization by 100% or more, where management does not offer an appropriate rationale or where it is contrary to the best interests of existing shareholders.

 

10. Poison pill plans

Also known as shareholder rights plans, these plans are often adopted by the board without being subject to shareholder vote. We believe that poison pill plans not only infringe on the rights of shareholders but also may have a detrimental effect on the value of the company.

 

    We generally support proposals that require the company to submit a poison pill plan to a shareholder vote or to rescind a poison pill plan.

Where a poison pill is put to a shareholder vote, our policy is to examine these plans individually.

 

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    We generally oppose proposals to adopt a poison pill plan which allows appropriate offers to shareholders to be blocked by the board or trigger provisions which prevent legitimate offers from proceeding.

 

    We may support plans that include a reasonable ‘qualifying offer clause.’ Such clauses typically require shareholder ratification of the pill, and stipulate a sunset provision whereby the pill expires unless it is renewed.

 

11. Mergers, acquisitions and other special corporate transactions

 

    Proposals requesting shareholder approval of mergers, acquisitions and other special corporate transactions (i.e., takeovers, spin-offs, sales of assets, reorganizations, restructurings and recapitalizations) are determined on a case-by-case basis.

D. Compensation Proposals

1. Advisory resolutions on executive compensation (“Say on Pay”)

It is challenging applying a rules-based framework when evaluating executive compensation plans because every pay program is a unique reflection of the company’s performance, industry, size, geographic mix and competitive landscape. For these reasons, we take a case-by-case approach to executive compensation (“Say on Pay”) proposals. Although we expect proxy disclosures to be the primary mechanism for companies to explain their executive compensation practices, we may engage with members of management and/or the compensation committee of the board, where concerns are identified or where we seek to better understand a company’s approach to executive compensation. We may also decline opportunities to engage with companies where we do not have any questions or concerns or believe that these guidelines already cover the issues at hand.

We assess each plan on a case-by-case basis while considering the following beliefs and expectations related to executive compensation plans:

 

    Companies should have compensation plans that are reasonable and that align shareholder and management interests over the longer term.

 

    Disclosure of compensation programs should provide absolute transparency to shareholders regarding the sources and amounts of, and the factors influencing, executive compensation.

 

    We expect companies to select peers that are broadly comparable to the company in question, based on objective criteria that are directly relevant to setting competitive compensation; we evaluate peer group selection based on factors including, but not limited to, business size, relevance, complexity, risk profile, and/or geography.

 

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    We expect compensation committees to consider and respond to the shareholder voting results of relevant proposals at previous years’ annual meetings, and other feedback received from shareholders, as they evaluate compensation plans. At the same time, compensation committees should ultimately be focused on incentivizing long-term shareholder value creation and not necessarily on achieving a certain level of support on Say on Pay at any particular shareholder meeting.

We may determine to vote against the election of compensation committee members and/or Say on

Pay proposals in certain instances, including but not limited to when:

 

    We identify a misalignment over time between target pay and/or realizable compensation and company performance;

 

    We determine that compensation is excessive relative to peers without appropriate rationale or explanation, including the appropriateness of the company’s selected peers;

 

    We observe an overreliance on discretion or extraordinary pay decisions to reward executives, without clearly demonstrating how these decisions are aligned with shareholders’ interests;

 

    We determine that company disclosure is insufficient to undertake our pay analysis; and/or

 

    We observe a lack of board responsiveness to significant investor concern on executive compensation issues.

2. Elimination of single-trigger change in control agreements

Companies sometimes include single trigger change in control provisions (e.g., a provision stipulating that an employee’s unvested equity awards or cash severance becomes fully vested upon a change in control of the company without any additional requirement) in employment agreements, severance agreements, and compensation plans.

 

    We may oppose directors who establish these provisions and we generally oppose compensation plans that include them.

 

    We generally support shareholder proposals calling for future employment agreements, severance agreements, and compensation plans to include double trigger change in control provisions (e.g., a provision stipulating that an employee’s unvested equity awards or cash severance becomes fully vested only after a change in control of the company and termination of employment).

 

  3. Elimination of excise tax gross-up agreements

When severance payments exceed a certain amount based on the executive’s previous compensation, the payments may be subject to an excise tax. Some compensation plans provide for full excise tax

 

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gross-ups, which means that the company pays the executive sufficient additional amounts to cover the cost of the excise tax. We believe that the benefits of providing full excise tax gross-ups to executives are outweighed by the cost to the company of the gross-up payments. Accordingly:

 

    We may oppose directors who establish these provisions and we generally oppose compensation plans that include them.

 

    We generally support shareholder proposals calling to curtail excise tax gross-up payments.

 

    We generally oppose compensation plans that provide for excise tax gross-up payments for perquisites.

 

4. Advisory votes on the frequency of Say on Pay resolutions

 

    We generally opt for an annual vote on Say on Pay, which provides the most consistent and clear communication channel for shareholder concern about a company’s executive compensation plan.

 

5. Approve remuneration for Directors and Auditors

 

    We generally support remuneration for directors or auditors, unless disclosure relating to the details of such remuneration is inadequate, or remuneration is excessive relative to local market practice.

 

6. Employee stock purchase plans

An employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) gives the issuer’s employees the opportunity to purchase stock in the issuer, typically at a discount to market value. We believe these plans can provide performance incentives and help align employees’ interests with those of shareholders.

 

    We generally support the establishment of ESPPs and other employee ownership plans.

 

    We generally support ESPPs that permit discounts up to 15%, but only for grants that are part of a broad based employee plan, including all non-executive employees, and are fair, reasonable, and in the best interest of shareholders.

 

7. Equity compensation plans

We support equity plans that are incentive based and align the economic interests of directors, managers and other employees with those of shareholders. The total number of shares reserved under a company’s equity plan should be reasonable and not excessively dilutive. We believe that boards should establish policies prohibiting use of equity awards in a manner that could disrupt the intended alignment with shareholder interests. Our evaluation of equity compensation plans is based on a company’s executive pay and performance relative to peers and whether the plan plays a significant role in a pay-for-performance disconnect.

 

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    We generally oppose plans that contain “evergreen” provisions allowing for the unlimited increase of shares reserved without requiring further shareholder approval after a reasonable time period.

 

    We generally oppose plans that allow for repricing without shareholder approval.

 

    We generally oppose plans that provide for the acceleration of vesting of equity awards even in situations where an actual change in control may not occur. We encourage companies to structure their change in control provisions to require the termination of the covered employee before acceleration or special payments are triggered.

 

    We support plans that allow a company to receive a business expense deduction due to favorable tax treatment attributable to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

8. Golden parachutes

Golden Parachutes assure key officers of a company lucrative compensation packages if the company is acquired and/or if the new owners terminate such officers. We recognize that offering generous compensation packages that are triggered by a change in control may help attract qualified officers. However, such compensation packages cannot be so excessive that they are unfair to shareholders or make the company unattractive to potential bidders, thereby serving as a constructive anti-takeover mechanism.

 

    We generally support shareholder proposals requesting that implementation of such arrangements require shareholder approval.

When determining whether to support or oppose an advisory vote on a golden parachute plan, we normally support the plan unless it appears to result in payments that are excessive or detrimental to shareholders. In evaluating golden parachute plans, we may consider several factors, including:

 

    Whether excessively large excise tax gross up payments are part of the payout;

 

    Whether single trigger change in control provisions are part of the plan; and

 

    Whether payments exceed three times the executive’s total compensation (salary plus bonus).

 

9. Pay-for-Superior Performance

These are typically shareholder proposals requesting that compensation committees adopt policies under which a portion of equity compensation requires the achievement of performance goals as a prerequisite to vesting.

 

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    We generally oppose such proposals, as we believe these matters are best left to the compensation committee of the board and that shareholders should not set executive compensation or dictate the terms thereof.

 

10. Supplemental executive retirement plans

 

    We evaluate shareholder proposals requesting to put extraordinary benefits contained in Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (“SERP”) agreements to a shareholder vote on a case- by-case basis.

 

    We evaluate shareholder proposals limiting benefits under SERP agreements on a case-by-case basis.

 

E. Corporate Governance Proposals

 

1. Amendments to charter/articles/by-laws

When voting on a management or shareholder proposal to make changes to charter/articles/by-laws, we will consider in part the company’s and/or proponent’s publicly stated rationale for the changes, the company’s governance profile and history, relevant jurisdictional laws, and situational or contextual circumstances which may have motivated the proposed changes, among other factors.

 

    We will typically support changes to the charter/articles/by-laws where the benefits to shareholders, including the costs of failing to make those changes, demonstrably outweigh the costs or risks of making such changes.

 

    We evaluate shareholder proposals requiring shareholder approval for bylaw or charter amendments on a case-by-case basis.

 

2. Shareholders’ right to call a special meeting

 

    We believe that shareholders should have the right to call a special meeting in cases where a reasonably high percentage of shareholders are required to agree to such a meeting before it is called, in order to avoid the waste of corporate resources in addressing narrowly supported interests. We may oppose this right in cases where the proposal is structured for the benefit of a dominant shareholder to the exclusion of others.

 

    We generally oppose proposals to eliminate/restrict the right of shareholders to call a special meeting.

 

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3. Shareholders’ right to act by written consent

 

    We believe that shareholders should have the right to act by written consent, however, we may oppose shareholder proposals requesting this right in cases where the proposal is structured for the benefit of a dominant shareholder to the exclusion of others.

 

    We may oppose shareholder proposals requesting the right to act by written consent if the company already provides a shareholder right to call a special meeting that we believe offers shareholders a reasonable opportunity to raise issues of substantial importance without having to wait for management to schedule a meeting.

 

4. Supermajority voting requirements

We generally favor a simple majority voting requirement to pass proposals. Therefore:

 

    We will support the reduction or the elimination of supermajority voting requirements.

 

    We generally oppose amendments to bylaws that would require anything other than a simple majority vote requirement to pass or repeal certain provisions.

 

5. Exclusive forum provisions

 

    We will generally support proposals mandating an exclusive forum for shareholder lawsuits and will generally oppose proposals that ask the board to repeal the company’s exclusive forum bylaw. The courts within the state of incorporation are considered best suited to interpret that state’s laws.

 

6. Other business

 

    We generally oppose “Other Business” proposals that allow shareholders to raise and discuss other issues at the meeting. As the content of these issues cannot be known prior to the meeting, we are unable to make an informed decision.

 

7. Conduct of the annual meeting

 

    We generally support proposals relating to the conduct of the annual meeting (meeting time, place, etc.) as these are considered routine administrative proposals.

 

8. Adjourn meeting

 

    We generally support such proposals unless the agenda contains items that we judge to be detrimental to shareholders’ best long-term economic interests.

 

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F. Environmental, Social and Disclosure Proposals

It is our policy to analyze every shareholder proposal of an environmental and social nature on a case- by-case basis. Generally speaking, we support proposals targeting issues that are either a significant potential threat or realized harm to shareholders’ interests that have not yet been adequately addressed by management. In deciding our course of action, we will assess whether there is a clear and material economic disadvantage to the company if the issue is not addressed.

In analyzing requests for additional disclosure, we will assess whether the request: 1) is costly to provide; 2) would require duplicative efforts or expenditures that are of a non-business nature; or 3) would provide no pertinent information from the perspective of institutional shareholders.

 

1. Lobbying and Political Spending

 

    We generally support shareholder proposals requesting increased disclosure of political contributions and lobbying expenses, including those paid to trade organizations and political action committees, whether at the federal, state, or local level.

 

    We generally oppose restrictions related to social, political or special interest issues that impact the ability of the company to do business or be competitive and that have a significant financial or best-interest impact to the shareholders.

 

2. Work Place: Diversity

 

    We generally support shareholder proposals calling for disclosure and/or implementation of diversity policies and practices, taking into account existing policies and practices of the company and whether the proposed information is of added benefit to shareholders.


Table of Contents

LOGO

 

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Table of Contents

CONTENTS

 

INTRODUCTION TO BLACKROCK

     320  
PHILOSOPHY ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE      321  
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, ENGAGEMENT AND VOTING      321  

Boards and directors

     321  

Auditors and audit-related issues

     5  

Capital structure, mergers, asset sales and other special transactions

     322  

Remuneration and benefits

     322  

Environmental and social issues

     322  

General corporate governance matters

     323  
BLACKROCK’S OVERSIGHT OF ITS INVESTMENT STEWARDSHIP ACTIVITIES      324  

Oversight

     324  

Vote execution

     325  

Conflicts management policies and procedures

     325  

Voting guidelines

     325  

Reporting

     325  

 

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Introduction to BlackRock

BlackRock is one of the world’s leading asset management firms. We manage assets on behalf of institutional and individual clients worldwide, across equity, fixed income, liquidity, real estate, alternatives, and multi-asset strategies. Our client base includes pension plans, endowments, foundations, charities, official institutions, insurers and other financial institutions, as well as individuals around the world.

Philosophy on corporate governance

BlackRock’s Investment Stewardship program is focused on protecting and enhancing the economic value of the companies in which it invests on behalf of clients. We do this through engagement with boards and management of investee companies and, for those clients who have given us authority, through voting at shareholder meetings.

We believe that there are certain fundamental rights attached to share ownership. Companies and their boards should be accountable to shareholders and structured with appropriate checks and balances to ensure that they operate in shareholders’ interests. Effective voting rights are central to the rights of ownership and there should be one vote for one share. Shareholders should have the right to elect, remove and nominate directors, approve the appointment of the auditor and to amend the corporate charter or by-laws. Shareholders should be able to vote on matters that are material to the protection of their investment including but not limited to changes to the purpose of the business, dilution levels and pre-emptive rights, the distribution of income and the capital structure. In order to exercise these rights effectively, we believe shareholders have the right to sufficient and timely information to be able to take an informed view of the proposals, and of the performance of the company and management.

Our focus is on the board of directors, as the agent of shareholders, which should set the company’s strategic aims within a framework of prudent and effective controls, which enables risk to be assessed and managed. The board should provide direction and leadership to management and oversee management’s performance. Our starting position is to be supportive of boards in their oversight efforts on our behalf and we would generally expect to support the items of business they put to a vote at shareholder meetings. Votes cast against or withheld from resolutions proposed by the board are a signal that we are concerned that the directors or management have either not acted in the interests of shareholders or have not responded adequately to shareholder concerns regarding strategy or performance.

These principles set out our approach to engaging with companies, provide guidance on our position on corporate governance and outline how our views might be reflected in our voting decisions. Corporate governance practices vary internationally and our expectations in relation to individual companies are based on the legal and regulatory framework of each market. However, as noted above, we do believe that there are some overarching principles of corporate governance that apply globally. We assess voting matters on a case-by-case basis and in light of each company’s unique circumstances. We are interested to understand from the company’s reporting its approach to corporate governance, particularly where it is different from the usual market practice, and how it benefits shareholders.

BlackRock also believes that shareholders have responsibilities in relation to monitoring and providing feedback to companies, sometimes known as stewardship. These ownership responsibilities include, in our view, engaging with management or board members on corporate governance matters, voting proxies in the best long-term economic interests of shareholders and engaging with regulatory bodies to ensure a sound policy framework consistent with promoting long-term shareholder value creation. Institutional shareholders also have responsibilities to their clients to have appropriate resources and oversight structures. Our own approach is set out in the section below titled “BlackRock’s oversight of its investment stewardship activities”.

 

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Corporate governance, engagement and voting

We recognize that accepted standards of corporate governance differ between markets but we believe that there are sufficient common threads globally to identify an overarching set of principles. The primary objective of our investment stewardship activities is the protection and enhancement of the value of our clients’ investments in public corporations. Thus, these principles focus on practices and structures that we consider to be supportive of long-term value creation. We discuss below the principles under six key themes. In our regional and market-specific voting guidelines we explain how these principles inform our voting decisions in relation to specific resolutions that may appear on the agenda of a shareholder meeting in the relevant market.

The six key themes are:

Boards and directors;

Auditors and audit-related issues;

Capital structure, mergers, asset sales and other special transactions;

Remuneration and benefits;

Environmental and social issues; and

General corporate governance matters.

At a minimum, we would expect companies to observe the accepted corporate governance standard in their domestic market or to explain why doing so is not in the interests of shareholders. Where company reporting and disclosure is inadequate or the approach taken is inconsistent with our view of what is in the best interests of shareholders, we will engage with the company and/or use our vote to encourage a change in practice. In making voting decisions, we take into account research from proxy advisors, other internal and external research, information published by the company or provided through engagement and the views of our equity portfolio managers.

BlackRock views engagement as an important activity; engagement provides BlackRock with the opportunity to improve our understanding of investee companies and their governance structures, so that our voting decisions may be better informed. Engagement also allows us to share our philosophy and approach to investment and corporate governance with companies to enhance their understanding of our objectives. There are a range of approaches we may take in engaging companies depending on the nature of the issue under consideration, the company and the market.

Boards and directors

The performance of the board is critical to the economic success of the company and to the protection of shareholders’ interests. Board members serve as agents of shareholders in overseeing the strategic direction and operation of the company. For this reason, BlackRock focuses on directors in many of its engagements and sees the election of directors as one of its most important responsibilities in the proxy voting context.

We expect the board of directors to promote and protect shareholder interests by:

establishing an appropriate corporate governance structure;

supporting and overseeing management in setting strategy;

ensuring the integrity of financial statements;

making decisions regarding mergers, acquisitions and disposals;

establishing appropriate executive compensation structures; and

 

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addressing business issues including environmental and social issues when they have the potential to materially impact company reputation and performance.

There should be clear definitions of the role of the board, the committees of the board and senior management such that the responsibilities of each are well understood and accepted. Companies should report publicly the approach taken to governance (including in relation to board structure) and why this approach is in the interest of shareholders. We will engage with the appropriate directors where we have concerns about the performance of the board or the company, the broad strategy of the company or the performance of individual board members. Concerns about directors may include their role on the board of a different company where that board has performed poorly and failed to protect shareholder interests.

BlackRock believes that directors should stand for re-election on a regular basis. We assess directors nominated for election or re-election in the context of the composition of the board as a whole. There should be detailed disclosure of the relevant credentials of the individual directors in order that shareholders can assess the caliber of an individual nominee. We expect there to be a sufficient number of independent directors on the board to ensure the protection of the interests of all shareholders. Common impediments to independence may include but are not limited to:

current employment at the company or a subsidiary;

former employment within the past several years as an executive of the company;

providing substantial professional services to the company and/or members of the company’s management;

having had a substantial business relationship in the past three years;

having, or representing a shareholder with, a substantial shareholding in the company;

being an immediate family member of any of the aforementioned; and

interlocking directorships.

BlackRock believes that the operation of the board is enhanced when there is a clearly independent, senior non-executive director to lead it or, where the chairman is also the CEO or is otherwise not independent, an independent lead director. The role of this director is to enhance the effectiveness of the independent members of the board through shaping the agenda, ensuring adequate information is provided to the board and encouraging independent participation in board deliberations. The lead independent board director should be available to shareholders if they have concerns that they wish to discuss.

To ensure that the board remains effective, regular reviews of board performance should be carried out and assessments made of gaps in skills or experience amongst the members. BlackRock believes it is beneficial for new directors to be brought onto the board periodically to refresh the group’s thinking and to ensure both continuity and adequate succession planning. In identifying potential candidates, boards should take into consideration the diversity of experience and expertise of the current directors and how that might be augmented by incoming directors. We believe that directors are in the best position to assess the optimal size for the board, but we would be concerned if a board seemed too small to have an appropriate balance of directors or too large to be effective.

There are matters for which the board has responsibility that may involve a conflict of interest for executives or for affiliated directors. BlackRock believes that shareholders’ interests are best served when the board forms committees of fully independent directors to deal with such matters. In many markets, these committees of the board specialize in audit, director nominations and compensation matters. An ad hoc committee might also be formed to decide on a special transaction, particularly one with a related party.

 

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Auditors and audit-related issues

BlackRock recognizes the critical importance of financial statements which should provide a complete and accurate picture of a company’s financial condition. We will hold the members of the audit committee or equivalent responsible for overseeing the management of the audit function. We take particular note of cases involving significant financial restatements or ad hoc notifications of material financial weakness.

The integrity of financial statements depends on the auditor being free of any impediments to being an effective check on management. To that end, we believe it is important that auditors are, and are seen to be, independent. Where the audit firm provides services to the company in addition to the audit, the fees earned should be disclosed and explained. Audit committees should also have in place a procedure for assuring annually the independence of the auditor.

 

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Capital structure, mergers, asset sales and other special transactions

The capital structure of a company is critical to its owners, the shareholders, as it impacts the value of their investment and the priority of their interest in the company relative to that of other equity or debt investors. Pre-emptive rights are a key protection for shareholders against the dilution of their interests.

In assessing mergers, asset sales or other special transactions, BlackRock’s primary consideration is the long-term economic interests of shareholders. Boards proposing a transaction need to clearly explain the economic and strategic rationale behind it. We will review a proposed transaction to determine the degree to which it enhances long-term shareholder value. We would prefer that proposed transactions have the unanimous support of the board and have been negotiated at arm’s length. We may seek reassurance from the board that executives’ and/or board members’ financial interests in a given transaction have not adversely affected their ability to place shareholders’ interests before their own. Where the transaction involves related parties, we would expect the recommendation to support it to come from the independent directors and would prefer non-conflicted shareholders to vote separately on the proposal.

BlackRock believes that shareholders have a right to dispose of company shares in the open market without unnecessary restriction. In our view, corporate mechanisms designed to limit shareholders’ ability to sell their shares are contrary to basic property rights. Such mechanisms can serve to protect and entrench interests other than those of the shareholders. We believe that shareholders are broadly capable of making decisions in their own best interests. We would expect any so-called ‘shareholder rights plans’ being proposed by a board to be subject to shareholder approval on introduction and periodically thereafter for continuation.

Remuneration and benefits

BlackRock expects a company’s board of directors to put in place a compensation structure that incentivizes and rewards executives appropriately and is aligned with shareholder interests, particularly long-term shareholder returns. We would expect the compensation committee to take into account the specific circumstances of the company and the key individuals the board is trying to incentivize. We encourage companies to ensure that their compensation packages incorporate appropriate and challenging performance conditions consistent with corporate strategy and market practice. We use third party research, in addition to our own analysis, to evaluate existing and proposed compensation structures. We hold members of the compensation committee or equivalent accountable for poor compensation practices or structures.

BlackRock believes that there should be a clear link between variable pay and company performance as reflected in returns to shareholders. We are not supportive of one-off or special bonuses unrelated to company or individual performance. We support incentive plans that foster the sustainable achievement of results. The vesting timeframes associated with incentive plans should facilitate a focus on long-term value creation. We believe consideration should be given to building clawback provisions into incentive plans such that executives would be required to repay rewards where they were not justified by actual performance. Compensation committees should guard against contractual arrangements that would entitle executives to material compensation for early termination of their contract. Finally, pension contributions should be reasonable in light of market practice.

Non-executive directors should be compensated in a manner that does not risk compromising their independence or aligning their interests too closely with those of the management, whom they are charged with overseeing.

Environmental and social issues

Our fiduciary duty to clients is to protect and enhance their economic interest in the companies in which we invest on their behalf. It is within this context that we undertake our investment stewardship activities. We believe that well-managed companies will deal effectively with the environmental and social (“E&S”) aspects of their businesses.

 

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BlackRock expects companies to identify and report on the material, business-specific E&S risks and opportunities and to explain how these are managed. This explanation should make clear how the approach taken by the company best serves the interests of shareholders and protects and enhances the long-term economic value of the company. The key performance indicators in relation to E&S matters should also be disclosed and performance against them discussed, along with any peer group benchmarking and verification processes in place. This helps shareholders assess how well management is dealing with the E&S aspects of the business. Any global standards adopted should also be disclosed and discussed in this context.

We may vote against the election of directors where we have concerns that a company might not be dealing with E&S issues appropriately. Sometimes we may reflect such concerns by supporting a shareholder proposal on the issue, where there seems to be either a significant potential threat or realized harm to shareholders’ interests caused by poor management of E&S matters. In deciding our course of action, we will assess whether the company has already taken sufficient steps to address the concern and whether there is a clear and material economic disadvantage to the company if the issue is not addressed.

More commonly, given that E&S matters are often not voting issues, we will engage directly with the board or management. The trigger for engagement on a particular E&S concern is our assessment that there is potential for material economic ramifications for shareholders.

We do not see it as our role to make social or political judgments on behalf of clients. We expect investee companies to comply, at a minimum, with the laws and regulations of the jurisdictions in which they operate. They should explain how they manage situations where such laws or regulations are contradictory or ambiguous.

General corporate governance matters

BlackRock believes that shareholders have a right to timely and detailed information on the financial performance and viability of the companies in which they invest. In addition, companies should also publish information on the governance structures in place and the rights of shareholders to influence these. The reporting and disclosure provided by companies helps shareholders assess whether the economic interests of shareholders have been protected and the quality of the board’s oversight of management. BlackRock Investment Stewardship believes shareholders should have the right to vote on key corporate governance matters, including on changes to governance mechanisms, to submit proposals to the shareholders’ meeting and to call special meetings of shareholders.

 

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BlackRock’s oversight of its investment stewardship activities

Oversight

BlackRock holds itself to a very high standard in its investment stewardship activities, including in relation to executing proxy votes. This function is executed by a team of dedicated BlackRock employees without sales responsibilities (“Investment Stewardship Group”), and which is considered an investment function. BlackRock maintains three regional advisory committees (“Stewardship Advisory Committees”) for (a) the Americas; (b) Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); and (c) Asia-Pacific, generally consisting of senior BlackRock investment professionals and/or senior employees with practical boardroom experience. The regional Stewardship Advisory Committees review and advise on amendments to the proxy voting guidelines covering markets within each respective region (“Guidelines”). The Investment Stewardship Global Oversight Committee (“Global Committee”), which is a risk-focused committee, is generally composed of senior representatives of the active and index equity investment businesses, the Deputy General Counsel, the senior executive to whom the Investment Stewardship Group reports, the Global Head of Investment Stewardship (“Global Head”), and other senior representatives of relevant functions, as appropriate. The Global Head, a dedicated BlackRock employee without sales responsibilities, has primary oversight of the activities of the Investment Stewardship Group, including voting in accordance with the Guidelines, which requires the application of professional judgment and consideration of each company’s unique circumstances. The Global Committee reviews and approves amendments to these Global Corporate Governance & Engagement Principles. The Global Committee also reviews and approves amendments to the Guidelines, as proposed by the regional Stewardship Advisory Committees. The Global Committee also receives and reviews periodic reports regarding the votes cast by the Investment Stewardship Group and regular updates on material process issues, procedural changes and other matters of concern to the Global Committee. The Global Committee reviews these reports in an oversight capacity and as informed by BlackRock’s corporate governance engagement program and Guidelines, which set forth each Stewardship Advisory Committees’ views with respect to certain corporate governance and other issues that typically arise in the proxy voting context. In addition, the Investment Stewardship Group carries out engagement with companies (including in conjunction with portfolio managers in discussions of significant governance issues), monitors and executes proxy votes, and conducts vote operations (including maintaining records of votes cast) in a manner consistent with the relevant Guidelines. The Investment Stewardship Group also conducts research on corporate governance issues and participates in industry discussions to keep abreast of important developments in the corporate governance field. The Investment Stewardship Group may utilize vendors for certain of the foregoing activities and performs oversight of those vendors. The Investment Stewardship Group may raise complicated or particularly controversial matters for internal discussion with the appropriate investors (generally, those with relevant knowledge or experience) and/or refer such matters to the appropriate regional Stewardship Advisory Committees for their review, discussion and guidance prior to making a voting decision. BlackRock’s Equity Policy Oversight Committee (“EPOC”) is informed of certain aspects of the work of the Global Committee and the Investment Stewardship Group.

Vote execution

BlackRock carefully considers proxies submitted to funds and other fiduciary accounts (“Funds”) for which it has voting authority. BlackRock votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund for which it has voting authority based on BlackRock’s evaluation of the best long-term economic interests of shareholders, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, and without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder proponent or dissident shareholder) to the Fund, the Fund’s affiliates (if any), BlackRock or BlackRock’s affiliates, or BlackRock employees (see “Conflicts management policies and procedures”, below).

When exercising voting rights, BlackRock will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its Guidelines for the relevant market. The Guidelines are reviewed regularly and are amended consistent with changes in the local market practice, as developments in corporate governance occur, or as otherwise deemed advisable by BlackRock’s Stewardship

 

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Advisory Committees. The Investment Stewardship Group may, in the exercise of their professional judgment, conclude that the Guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is required or that an exception to the Guidelines would be in the best long-term economic interests of BlackRock’s clients.

In the uncommon circumstance of there being a vote with respect to fixed income securities or the securities of privately held issuers, the decision generally will be made by a Fund’s portfolio managers and/or the Investment Stewardship Group based on their assessment of the particular transactions or other matters at issue.

In certain markets, proxy voting involves logistical issues which can affect BlackRock’s ability to vote such proxies, as well as the desirability of voting such proxies. These issues include but are not limited to: (i) untimely notice of shareholder meetings; (ii) restrictions on a foreigner’s ability to exercise votes; (iii) requirements to vote proxies in person; (iv) “share-blocking” (requirements that investors who exercise their voting rights surrender the right to dispose of their holdings for some specified period in proximity to the shareholder meeting); (v) potential difficulties in translating the proxy; (vi) regulatory constraints; and (vii) requirements to provide local agents with unrestricted powers of attorney to facilitate voting instructions. We are not supportive of impediments to the exercise of voting rights such as shareblocking or overly burdensome administrative requirements.

As a consequence, BlackRock votes proxies only on a “best-efforts” basis. In addition, the Investment Stewardship Group may determine that it is generally in the best interests of BlackRock’s clients not to vote proxies if the costs (including but not limited to opportunity costs associated with shareblocking constraints) associated with exercising a vote are expected to outweigh the benefit the client would derive by voting on the issuer’s proposal.

While it is expected that BlackRock, as a fiduciary, will generally seek to vote proxies over which BlackRock exercises voting authority in a uniform manner for all BlackRock clients, the Investment Stewardship Group, in conjunction with the portfolio manager of an account, may determine that the specific circumstances of such an account require that such account’s proxies be voted differently due to such account’s investment objectives or other factors that differentiate it from other accounts. In addition, portfolio managers may from time to time reach differing but equally valid views on how best to maximize economic value in respect of a particular investment. Accordingly, portfolio managers retain full discretion to vote the shares in the Funds they manage based on their analysis of the economic impact of a particular ballot item.

Conflicts management policies and procedures

The Investment Stewardship Group maintains the following policies and procedures that seek to prevent undue influence on BlackRock’s proxy voting activity. Such influence might stem from any relationship between the issuer of a proxy (or any shareholder proponent or dissident shareholder) and BlackRock, BlackRock’s affiliates, a Fund or a Fund’s affiliates, or BlackRock employees. The following are examples of sources of perceived or potential conflicts of interest:

BlackRock clients who may be issuers of securities or proponents of shareholder resolutions

BlackRock business partners or vendors who may be issuers of securities or proponents of shareholder resolutions

BlackRock employees who may sit on the boards of public companies held in BlackRock portfolios

Significant BlackRock, Inc. investors who may be issuers of securities held in BlackRock portfolios

Securities of BlackRock, Inc. or BlackRock investment funds held in BlackRock portfolios

BlackRock, Inc. board members who actively serve as senior executives of public companies held in BlackRock portfolios

BlackRock has taken certain steps to mitigate perceived or potential conflicts including, but not limited to, the following:

Adopted the Guidelines which are designed to protect and enhance the economic value of the companies in which BlackRock invests on behalf of clients.

 

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Established a reporting structure that separates the Global Head and Investment Stewardship Group from employees with sales, vendor management or business partnership roles. In addition, BlackRock seeks to ensure that all engagements with corporate issuers, dissident shareholders or shareholder proponents are managed consistently and without regard to BlackRock’s relationship with such parties. Clients or business partners are not given special treatment or differentiated access to the Investment Stewardship Group, which seeks to treat equally all issuers and other market participants wishing to engage with BlackRock on corporate governance matters. The Investment Stewardship Group prioritizes based on factors including but not limited to its need for additional information to make a voting decision or its view on the likelihood that an engagement could lead to positive outcomes over time for the economic value of securities held in client portfolios. Within the normal course of business, the Global Head or Investment Stewardship Group may engage directly with BlackRock clients, business partners and/or vendors, and/or with employees with sales, vendor management or business partnership roles, in discussions regarding general corporate governance policy matters, and/or to otherwise ensure that proxy-related client service levels are met.

Determined to engage, in certain instances, an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard to avoid potential conflicts of interest, to satisfy regulatory compliance requirements, or as may be otherwise required by applicable law. In such circumstances, the independent fiduciary provides BlackRock’s proxy voting agent with instructions, in accordance with the Guidelines, as to how to vote such proxies, and BlackRock’s proxy voting agent votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination. BlackRock uses an independent fiduciary to vote proxies of (i) any company that is affiliated with BlackRock, Inc., (ii) any public company that includes BlackRock employees on its board of directors, (iii) The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., (iv) any public company of which a BlackRock, Inc. board member serves as a senior executive, and (v) companies when legal or regulatory requirements compel BlackRock to use an independent fiduciary. In selecting an independent fiduciary, we assess several characteristics, including but not limited to: independence, an ability to analyze proxy issues and vote in the best economic interest of our clients, reputation for reliability and integrity, and operational capacity to accurately deliver the assigned votes in a timely manner. We may engage more than one independent fiduciary, in part in order to mitigate potential or perceived conflicts of interest at an independent fiduciary. The Global Committee appoints and reviews the performance of the independent fiduciar(ies), generally on an annual basis.

With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BlackRock’s approach is driven by our clients’ economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that, generally, the likely economic value of casting most votes is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BlackRock recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BlackRock analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures is necessary in light of future conditions. In addition, BlackRock may in its discretion determine that the value of voting outweighs the cost of recalling shares, and thus recall shares to vote in that instance.

Voting guidelines

The issue-specific Guidelines published for each region/country in which we vote are intended to summarize BlackRock’s general philosophy and approach to issues that may commonly arise in the proxy voting context in each market where we invest. These Guidelines are not intended to be exhaustive. The Investment Stewardship Group applies the Guidelines on a case-by-case basis, in the context of the individual circumstances of each company and the specific issue under review. As such, these Guidelines do not provide a guide to how the Investment Stewardship Group will vote in every instance. Rather, they share our view about corporate governance issues generally, and provide insight into how we typically approach issues that commonly arise on corporate ballots.

 

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Reporting

We report our proxy voting activity directly to clients and publicly as required. In addition, we publish on the BlackRock website more detailed reports of our stewardship activities, including engagement with companies and with other relevant parties.

 

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Ceredex Value Advisors LLC Proxy Policy

Under SEC Rule 206(4)-6, investment advisors have fiduciary obligations to their clients if the advisors have authority to vote their clients’ proxies. Under our standard contractual agreements, Ceredex Value Advisors LLC (“Ceredex” or the “Firm”) is authorized to vote proxies on behalf of discretionary accounts.

The rule requires an investment advisor that exercises voting authority over client proxies to adopt policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the advisor: 1) votes proxies in the best interests of clients, 2) discloses information about those policies and procedures, 3) discloses how clients may obtain information regarding individual security proxy votes cast on their behalf, and 4) maintains appropriate records relating to actual proxy voting.

The Firm has a Proxy Committee (“Committee”) that is responsible for establishing policies and procedures reasonably designed to enable the Firm to ethically and effectively discharge its fiduciary obligation to vote all applicable proxies on behalf of all discretionary client accounts and funds, and ensure compliance with all of the requirements. Annually (or more often as needed), the Committee will review, reaffirm and/or amend guidelines, strategies and proxy policies for all domestic and international client accounts, funds and product lines.

The Firm utilizes the services of Glass Lewis & Co. (“Glass Lewis”) due to its excellent research tools, advanced technical capabilities and the large scale system support required to accommodate an advisor of our size. Glass Lewis will act as Ceredex’s agent to provide certain administrative, clerical, functional recordkeeping, and support services related to the Firm’s proxy voting processes/procedures, which include, but are not limited to:

 

  1. The collection of proxy material from our clients’ custodians.

 

  2. The facilitation of proxy voting, reconciliation, and disclosure, in accordance with the Firm’s proxy policies and the Committee’s direction.

 

  3. Recordkeeping and voting record retention.

The Firm has engaged Glass Lewis to assist with physical proxy voting matters, while the Firm retains the obligation to vote its clients’ proxies, to review all issues, and to actively review all information prior to determining each vote placed on behalf of its clients. The Firm will continue to utilize all available resources to make well-informed and qualified proxy vote decisions.

As reflected in the Firm’s proxy guidelines, the Committee will vote proxies in a manner deemed to be in the best economic interest of its clients, as a whole, as shareholders and beneficiaries of those actions.

The Committee recognizes that each proxy vote must be evaluated on its own merits. Factors such as a company’s organizational structure, executive and operational management, Board of Directors structure, corporate culture and governance process, and the impact of economic, environmental and social implications remain key elements in all voting decisions.

The Committee will consider client-specific preferences and/or develop and apply criteria unique to its client base and product lines, where appropriate. As needed, the Firm will communicate this information to Glass Lewis so those clients’ proxies will be voted accordingly. The Committee has reviewed Glass Lewis’ capabilities as agent for the administrative services above and is confident in its abilities to provide these services effectively. The Committee will monitor such capability on an ongoing basis.

An Independent, Objective Approach to Proxy Issues

In the absence of express contractual provisions to the contrary, the Committee will vote proxies for all of the Firm’s discretionary investment management clients.

The Firm maintains its own proxy guidelines for U.S. domestic and global proxy voting issues, as well as guidelines applicable to “Taft Hartley plans and relationships. ERISA accounts will be voted in accordance with the Firm’s U.S. Domestic Proxy Guidelines; as such guidelines include ERISA-specific guidelines and requirements. Guidelines are available as described below.

The Firm provides and maintains the following standard proxy voting guidelines:

 

    U.S. Domestic Proxy Guidelines (applied to both ERISA- and Non-ERISA-related accounts and funds)

 

    Taft Hartley Proxy Guidelines

 

    Global/International Proxy Guidelines


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Under the Firm’s Global/International Proxy Guidelines, the Committee generally votes in a manner similar to that recommended by Glass Lewis for an account’s international holdings including, to the extent permitted by law, international holdings in ERISA accounts. In this regard, the Committee has reviewed and will monitor Glass Lewis’ capabilities and conflict policies with respect to international securities proxy vote recommendations.

March 14, 2018

Exceptions to Policy

The Firm’s proxy policies, as outlined herein, generally will not be applied where the Firm has further delegated discretionary investment management and the authority to vote shares to a properly appointed subadvisor, such as may be the case in some managed separate accounts, wrap programs and funds.

In those situations, proxy votes cast by the subadvisor may be governed by the subadvisor’s proxy voting policies and procedures.

Conflicts of Interest

It is the intention of the Firm, pursuant to SEC guidance, to vote proxies in a manner which benefits the economic interests of the beneficial shareholders of an issuer. Due to its diversified client base, numerous product lines, and affiliations, the Committee may determine a potential conflict exists in connection with a proxy vote and on a case by case basis, will determine how such ballot or ballot item will be voted. Consideration will include, but not be limited to, determining if the issuer has any relationship to the Firm (e.g. service provider or client), and size of position.

Although the Firm does its best to alleviate or diffuse known conflicts, there is no guarantee that all situations have been or will be mitigated through proxy policy incorporation.

Securities Lending Program

The Firm manages assets for several clients (including the Virtus Funds in the Virtus Asset Trust (“Virtus Funds”)) that engage in “securities lending” programs. In a typical securities lending program, clients or funds lend securities from their accounts/portfolios to approved broker-dealers against cash collateral. On behalf of clients and the Virtus Funds, the Firm seeks to balance the economic benefits of continuing to participate in an open securities lending transaction against the inability to vote proxies. On behalf of clients and the Virtus Funds, the Firm will call loaned securities back to vote proxies, or to otherwise obtain rights to vote or consent with respect to a material event affecting securities on loan when the advisor believes it is necessary to vote.

Additional Information

Firm clients:

The Firm follows different voting recommendations for different categories of clients such that votes cast on behalf of some clients may oppose votes cast on behalf of other clients. Extended summaries of the U.S. Domestic Proxy Guidelines (applies to ERISA and non-ERISA accounts and funds,) Taft Hartley Proxy Guidelines (which votes per the general guidelines put forth by the AFL-CIO), Global/International Proxy Guidelines, and voting records are available to clients upon request. (Complete copies are quite voluminous but are also available.) For this information, or to obtain information about specific voting issues, please e-mail: proxyoperations@virtus.com.

Virtus Funds shareholders:

Shareholders of the Virtus Funds may request fund-related proxy voting information by calling 1-800-243-4361.


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PROXY VOTING POLICY (SUMMARY)

MARCH 2018

COLUMBIA MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT ADVISERS, LLC


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POLICY SUMMARY

Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (CMIA) has adopted and implemented the Proxy Voting Policy (the “Policy”), which it believes is reasonably designed to:

 

    Ensure that proxies are voted in the best economic interest of clients;

 

    Address material conflicts of interest that may arise; and

 

    Comply with disclosure and other requirements in connection with its proxy voting responsibilities.


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As a fiduciary, CMIA owes its clients the duties of care and loyalty with respect to all services undertaken on the client’s behalf. This Policy memorializes how CMIA meets these requirements in voting its clients’ proxies.

Vested Discretionary Voting Authority. Proxies regarding client securities for which CMIA has authority to vote will, unless CMIA determines in accordance with policies stated below to refrain from voting, be voted in a manner considered by CMIA to be in the best economic interests of its clients without regard to any resulting benefit or detriment to CMIA, its employees or its affiliates. In addition, with respect to ERISA accounts, CMIA has an affirmative obligation to vote proxies for an ERISA account, unless the client expressly retains proxy voting authority. The best economic interests of clients is defined for this purpose as the interest of enhancing or protecting the value of client accounts, considered as a group rather than individually, as CMIA determines in its sole and absolute discretion. In the event a client believes that its interests require a different vote, CMIA will vote as the client clearly instructs, provided CMIA receives such instructions in time to act accordingly. CMIA endeavors to vote all proxies of which it becomes aware prior to the vote deadline; however, in certain limited circumstances, CMIA may determine to refrain from voting (see Foreign Securities and Securities on Loan below).

No Discretionary Voting Authority. In certain limited circumstances when CMIA is not vested with discretionary authority to vote a client’s proxies (i.e., when the client retains voting discretion), CMIA will administer proxy voting on behalf of the client in accordance with the client’s voting guidelines, or the client will vote its own proxies, or the client’s agent will vote its proxies on behalf of the client.


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Corporate Governance and Proxy Voting Principles (“Principles”) and Proxy Voting Application Guide (“Application Guide”). CMIA has adopted the Principles, which outline key corporate governance issues and describe the broad principles that CMIA considers and general approach in voting client proxies. The Principles address matters relating to shareholder rights, boards of directors, corporate governance, compensation, capital management, environmental, social and governance practices, and certain other matters. The Application Guide describes how the Principles will be interpreted with respect to certain common voting proposals and what factors are important in the context of voting decisions. CMIA may also consider the voting recommendations of analysts, portfolio managers and information obtained from outside resources, including from one and/or more third-party research providers; however, CMIA reserves the right to consider each proxy vote based on the facts and circumstances of the proposal presented, and submit a vote that it believes is in the best economic interests of clients. CMIA may from time to time vote a proposal in a manner contrary to one or more other affiliates. CMIA regularly reviews and may amend the Principles and Application Guide based on, among other things, industry trends and proposal frequency.

Portfolio Managers, Research Analysts, and Responsible Investment Analysts (collectively, “Investment Professionals”). In circumstances where proxy issues are not covered by the Principles or a voting determination must be made on a case-by-case basis (“Proxy Referrals”) an Investment Professional will make the voting determination. Investment Professionals may include portfolio managers, research analysts or responsible investment analysts as well as personnel employed by other investment advisers that provide sub-advisory services to one or more CMIA advisory client(s). CMIA follows a hierarchy in terms of the Investment Professional sources it leverages for proxy voting discretion. In each of these circumstances, the Investment Professional must vote in the clients’ best economic interest and must comply with the conflict of interest practices (described below).

Proxy Referrals for Certain Accounts. Proxy Referrals for a security that is held only within a passive index account managed by CMIA’s Quantitative Strategies Group, securities held only in equity exchange traded funds managed by CMIA’s Strategic Beta group, or securities held only in separately managed accounts managed by CMIA’s Structured Equity Group, and not in any other account within CMIA, will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of a third party research provider selected by CMIA or as specified by the client.

Conflicts of Interest. For purposes of this Policy, a conflict of interest is a relationship or activity engaged in by CMIA or a CMIA employee that creates an incentive (or appearance thereof) to favor the interests of CMIA, or the employee, rather than the clients’ interests. For example, CMIA may have a conflict of interest if either CMIA has a significant business relationship with a company that is soliciting a proxy, or if a CMIA employee who is involved in the proxy voting decision-making process has a significant personal or family relationship with the particular company. A conflict of interest is considered to be “material” to the extent that a reasonable person could expect the conflict to influence CMIA’s decision on the particular vote at issue. CMIA seeks to avoid the occurrence of actual or apparent material conflicts of interest in the proxy voting process by voting in accordance with the Principles and the Application Guide, and by observing procedures that are intended to prevent when practicable and manage material conflicts of interest. In all cases in which there is deemed to be a material conflict of interest, CMIA will seek to resolve the conflict in the clients’ best interests. CMIA considers: (1) proxies solicited by open-end and closed-end investment companies for which CMIA serves as an investment adviser or principal underwriter; and (2) proxies solicited by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. to present a material conflict of interest for CMIA. Consequently, these proxies will be voted following one of the conflict of interest management practices discussed below.


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In the case of Proxy Referrals, or when an Investment Professional believes that voting contrary to the Principles and the Application Guide may be in the best economic interest of CMIA’s clients, CMIA may use its discretion to vote the proxy, provided that: (1) the proxy does not involve companies with which CMIA has a significant business relationship; and (2) the relevant investment personnel (i.e. Investment Professionals or Members of the CMIA Proxy Voting Sub-Committee) who have disclosed any personal conflict of interest circumstances to CMIA’s Conflicts Officer do not vote on the matter. If an Investment Professional or Member of the Proxy Voting Sub-Committee has a personal conflict of interest, he will be recused from participating in the proxy vote at issue.

If the Conflicts Officer, Proxy Voting Sub-Committee, or the Chairperson of the Proxy Voting Sub-Committee determines that a proxy matter presents a material conflict of interest, or a material conflict of interest is otherwise determined to exist through the application of this Policy, CMIA will invoke one or more of the following conflict management practices:

 

    Causing the proxies to be voted in accordance with the recommendations of an independent third party (which generally will be CMIA’s proxy voting agent);

 

    Causing the proxies to be delegated to an independent third party, which may include CMIA’s proxy voting agent; or

 

    In unusual cases, with the client’s consent and upon ample notice, forwarding the proxies to CMIA’s clients so that they may vote the proxies directly.

Proxy Voting Agent. In providing proxy voting administration services to clients, CMIA relies on the services of a designated third-party service provider.

Disclosures. CMIA’s Proxy Voting Policy and procedures are summarized in its Form ADV, which is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and furnished to clients. In addition, CMIA will provide clients with a copy of its policies upon request. Advisory clients may obtain information on how their proxies were voted by CMIA. However, CMIA will not selectively disclose its investment company clients’ proxy voting records to third parties. CMIA will provide proxy voting records of its registered investment company clients to such clients as their agents for disclosure on Form N-PX.

Foreign Securities. While CMIA will make reasonable efforts to vote foreign securities on behalf of clients, voting proxies of companies not domiciled in the United States may involve greater effort and cost due to the variety of regulatory schemes and corporate practices. Certain non-U.S. countries require securities to be blocked prior to a vote. CMIA typically will not vote securities in shareblocking countries as the need for liquidity outweighs the benefit of voting. There may also be additional costs associated with voting in non-U.S. countries such that CMIA may determine that the cost of voting outweighs the potential benefit.

Securities on Loan. Some of CMIA’s clients may participate in securities lending programs. In these situations, in which CMIA is responsible for voting a client’s proxies, CMIA will work with the client to determine whether there will be situations in which securities loaned out under these lending arrangements will be recalled for the purpose of exercising voting rights. In certain circumstances securities on loan may not be recalled due to clients’ preferences or due to circumstances beyond the control of CMIA.


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CROSSINGBRIDGE ADVISORS, LLC – 10/24/17

PROXY VOTING

General Proxy Voting Policies

CrossingBridge understands and appreciates the importance of proxy voting. CrossingBridge will endeavor to actively vote proxies.

To the extent that CrossingBridge has discretion to vote the proxies of its Advisory Clients, CrossingBridge will vote any such proxies in the best interests of Advisory Clients and Investors (as applicable) and in accordance with the procedures outlined below (as applicable).

Proxy Voting Procedures

All proxies sent to Advisory Clients that are actually received by CrossingBridge (to vote on behalf of the Advisory Clients) will be provided to the Chief Compliance Officer and/or Portfolio Manager.

The Chief Compliance Officer and/or Portfolio Manager will generally adhere to the following procedures (subject to limited exception):

A written or electronic record of each voted proxy by CrossingBridge (on behalf of its Advisory Clients) will be kept in CrossingBridge’s files;

The Chief Compliance Officer and/or Portfolio Manager will determine which of CrossingBridge’s Advisory Clients hold the security to which the proxy relates and whether the Advisory Client has its own specific voting guidelines;

The Portfolio Manager will review the proxy and determine how to vote the proxy in question in accordance with the Advisory Client’s guidelines or the guidelines set forth in Section 0 below.

Prior to voting any proxies, the Portfolio Manager and/or Chief Compliance Officer will determine if there are any conflicts of interest related to the proxy in question in accordance with the general guidelines in Section 0 below. If a conflict is identified, the Chief Compliance Officer will make a determination (which may be in consultation with outside legal counsel) as to whether the conflict is material or not.

If no material conflict is identified pursuant to these procedures, the Portfolio Manager will make a decision on how to vote the proxy in question in accordance with the guidelines set forth in Section 0 below.

Although not presently intended to be used on a regular basis, CrossingBridge is empowered to retain an independent third party to vote proxies in certain situations (including situations where a material conflict of interest is identified)

The Portfolio Manager and/or Chief Compliance Officer shall coordinate with Mutual Fund Advisory Clients and such Advisory Client’s Fund Administrator to assist in the preparation of the Mutual Funds proxy voting annual report on Form N-PX.

Handling of Conflicts of Interest

As stated above, in evaluating how to vote a proxy, the Portfolio Manager and/or the Chief Compliance Officer will first determine whether there is a conflict of interest related to the proxy in question between CrossingBridge and its Advisory Clients. This examination will include (but will not be limited to) an evaluation of whether CrossingBridge (or any affiliate of CrossingBridge) has any relationship with the company (or an affiliate of the company) to which the proxy relates outside an investment in such company by an Advisory Client of CrossingBridge.


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If a conflict is identified and deemed “material” by the Portfolio Manager and/or the Chief Compliance Officer, CrossingBridge will determine whether voting in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines outlined in Section 0 below is in the best interests of affected Advisory Clients (which may include utilizing an independent third party to vote such proxies).

With respect to material conflicts, CrossingBridge will determine whether it is appropriate to disclose the conflict to affected Advisory Clients and give them the opportunity to vote the proxies in question themselves except that if the Advisory Client is subject to the requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and the investment management agreement between CrossingBridge and the ERISA Advisory Client reserves the right to vote proxies when CrossingBridge has determined that a material conflict exists that does affect its best judgment as a fiduciary to the ERISA Advisory Client, CrossingBridge will:

Give the ERISA Advisory Client the opportunity to vote the proxies in question themselves; or

Follow designated special proxy voting procedures related to voting proxies pursuant to the terms of the investment management agreement with such ERISA Advisory Clients (if any).2

Voting Guidelines

In the absence of specific voting guidelines mandated by a particular Advisory Client, CrossingBridge will endeavor to vote proxies in the best interests of each Advisory Client.

In some foreign markets where proxy voting demands fee payment for agent services, CrossingBridge will balance the cost and benefit of proxy voting and may give up the proxy voting if the cost associated is greater than the benefits from voting.

Although voting certain proxies may be subject to the discretion of CrossingBridge, CrossingBridge is of the view that voting proxies in accordance with the following general guidelines is in the best interests of its Advisory Clients:

CrossingBridge will generally vote in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals including, but not limited to, the following:

election of directors (where there are no related corporate governance issues);

selection or reappointment of auditors; or

increasing or reclassification of common stock.

Disclosure of Procedures

To the extent applicable to CrossingBridge and if CrossingBridge were to engage Advisory Clients other than Mutual Funds, a brief summary of these proxy voting procedures will be included in CrossingBridge’s Form ADV Part 2 and will be updated whenever these policies and procedures are updated. Through the Brochure, Advisory Clients will also be provided with contact information as to how such Advisory Clients can obtain information about: (a) the details of CrossingBridge’s proxy voting procedures (i.e., a copy of these procedures); and (b) how CrossingBridge has voted proxies that are relevant to the affected Advisory Client.

Record-keeping Requirements

The Chief Compliance Officer will be responsible for maintaining files relating to CrossingBridge’s proxy voting procedures. Records will be maintained and preserved for five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on a record, with records for the first two years kept in the offices of CrossingBridge. Records of the following will be included in the files:

 

2 

At this time, CrossingBridge does not have any ERISA Advisory Clients.


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Copies of these proxy voting policies and procedures, and any amendments thereto;

A copy of each proxy statement that CrossingBridge actually receives; provided, however, that CrossingBridge may rely on obtaining on an as needed basis a copy of proxy statements from the SEC’s EDGAR system or other generally accepted sources for those proxy statements that are so available. As a general rule CrossingBridge relies on the SEC’s EDGAR system, or systems provided by Custodians, or other generally accepted sources.

A record of each vote that CrossingBridge casts;

A copy of any document that CrossingBridge created that was material to making a decision how to vote the proxies, or memorializes that decision (if any); and

A copy of each written request for information on how CrossingBridge voted such Advisory Client’s proxies and a copy of any written response to any request for information on how CrossingBridge voted proxies on behalf of Advisory Clients.


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DELAWARE MANAGEMENT

BUSINESS TRUST

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

February 2017

Introduction

Delaware Management Business Trust (“DMBT”) is a registered investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, (the “Advisers Act”). DMBT consists of the following series of entities: Delaware Management Company, Delaware Investment Advisers, Delaware Capital Management, Delaware Asset Advisers, Delaware Alternative Strategies, and Delaware Investments Fund Advisers (each, an “Adviser” and, together with DMBT, the “Advisers”). The Advisers provide investment advisory services to various types of clients such as registered and unregistered commingled funds, defined benefit plans, defined contribution plans, private and public pension funds, foundations, endowment funds and other types of institutional investors. Pursuant to the terms of an investment management agreement between an Adviser and its client or as a result of some other type of specific delegation by the client, the Advisers are often given the authority and discretion to vote proxy statements relating to the underlying securities which are held on behalf of such clients. Also, clients sometimes ask the Advisers to give voting advice on certain proxies without delegating full responsibility to the Advisers to vote proxies on behalf of the client. DMBT has developed the following Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the “Procedures”) in order to ensure that each Adviser votes proxies or gives proxy voting advice that is in the best interests of its clients.

Procedures for Voting Proxies

To help make sure that the Advisers vote client proxies in accordance with the Procedures and in the best interests of clients, DMBT has established a Proxy Voting Committee (the “Committee”) that is responsible for overseeing each Adviser’s proxy voting process. The Committee consists of the following persons in DMBT: (i) one representative from the legal department; and (ii) six representatives from the portfolio management department. The person(s) representing each department on the Committee may change from time to time. The Committee will meet as necessary to help DMBT fulfill its duties to vote proxies for clients, but in any event, will meet at least quarterly to discuss various proxy voting issues.

One of the main responsibilities of the Committee is to review and approve the Procedures on a yearly basis. The Procedures are usually reviewed during the first quarter of the calendar year before the beginning of the “proxy voting season” and may also be reviewed at other times of the year, as necessary. When reviewing the Procedures, the Committee looks to see if the Procedures are designed to allow the Advisers to vote proxies in a manner consistent with the goals of voting in the best interests of clients and maximizing the value of the underlying shares being voted on by the Advisers. The Committee will also review the Procedures to make sure that they comply with any new rules promulgated by the SEC or other relevant regulatory bodies. After the Procedures are approved by the Committee, DMBT will vote proxies or give advice on voting proxies generally in accordance with such Procedures.

In order to facilitate the actual process of voting proxies, DMBT has contracted with Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”). Both ISS and the client’s custodian monitor corporate events for DMBT. DMBT gives an authorization and letter of instruction to the client’s custodian who then forwards proxy materials it receives to ISS so that ISS may vote the proxies. On approximately a monthly basis, DMBT will send ISS an updated list of client accounts and security holdings in those accounts, so that ISS can update its database and is aware of which proxies it will need to vote on behalf of DMBT’s clients. If needed, the Committee has access to these records.


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After receiving the proxy statements, ISS will review the proxy issues and vote them in accordance with DMBT’s Procedures. When the Procedures state that a proxy issue will be decided on a case-by-case basis, ISS will look at the relevant facts and circumstances and research the issue to determine how the proxy should be voted, so that the proxy is voted in the best interests of the client and in accordance with the parameters described in these Procedures generally and specifically with the Proxy Voting Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) below. If the Procedures do not address a particular proxy issue, ISS will similarly look at the relevant facts and circumstances and research the issue to determine how the proxy should be voted, so that the proxy is voted in the best interests of the client and pursuant to the spirit of the Procedures. After a proxy has been voted, ISS will create a record of the vote in order to help the Advisers comply with their duties listed under “Availability of Proxy Voting Records and Recordkeeping” below. If a client provides DMBT with its own recommendation on a given proxy vote, DMBT will forward the client’s recommendation to ISS who will vote the client’s proxy pursuant to the client’s recommendation.

The Committee is responsible for overseeing ISS’s proxy voting activities for DMBT’s clients and will attempt to ensure that ISS is voting proxies pursuant to the Procedures. As part of the Committee’s oversight of ISS, the Committee will periodically review ISS’s conflict of interest procedures and any other pertinent procedures or representations from ISS in an attempt to ensure that ISS will make recommendations for voting proxies in an impartial manner and in the best interests of the Advisers’ clients. There may be times when an Adviser believes that the best interests of the client will be better served if the Adviser votes a proxy counter to ISS’s recommended vote on that proxy. In those cases, the Committee will generally review the research provided by ISS on the particular issue, and it may also conduct its own research or solicit additional research from another third party on the issue. After gathering this information and possibly discussing the issue with other relevant parties, the Committee will use the information gathered to determine how to vote on the issue in a manner which the Committee believes is consistent with DMBT’s Procedures and in the best interests of the client.

The Advisers will attempt to vote every proxy which they or their agents receive when a client has given the Adviser the authority and direction to vote such proxies. However, there are situations in which the Adviser may not be able to process a proxy. For example, an Adviser may not have sufficient time to process a vote because the Adviser or its agents received a proxy statement in an untimely manner, or the Adviser may in certain situations be unable to vote a proxy in relation to a security that is on loan pursuant to a securities lending program. Use of a third party service, such as ISS, and relationships with multiple custodians can help to mitigate a situation where an Adviser is unable to vote a proxy.

Company Management Recommendations

When determining whether to invest in a particular company, one of the factors the Advisers may consider is the quality and depth of the company’s management. As a result, DMBT believes that recommendations of management on any issue (particularly routine issues) should be given a fair amount of weight in determining how proxy issues should be voted. Thus, on many issues, DMBT’s votes are cast in accordance with the recommendations of the company’s management. However, DMBT will normally vote against management’s position when it runs counter to the Guidelines, and DMBT will also vote against management’s recommendation when such position is not in the best interests of DMBT’s clients.

Conflicts of Interest

As a matter of policy, the Committee and any other officers, directors, employees and affiliated persons of DMBT may not be influenced by outside sources who have interests which conflict with the interests of DMBT’s clients when voting proxies for such clients. However, in order to ensure that DMBT votes proxies in the best interests of the client, DMBT has established various systems described below to properly deal with a material conflict of interest.


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Most of the proxies which DMBT receives on behalf of its clients are voted by ISS in accordance with these pre-determined, pre-approved Procedures. As stated above, these Procedures are reviewed and approved by the Committee at least annually normally during the first quarter of the calendar year and at other necessary times. The Procedures are then utilized by ISS going forward to vote client proxies. The Committee approves the Procedures only after it has determined that the Procedures are designed to help DMBT vote proxies in a manner consistent with the goal of voting in the best interests of its clients. Because the majority of client proxies are voted by ISS pursuant to the pre-determined Procedures, it normally will not be necessary for DMBT to make a real-time determination of how to vote a particular proxy, thereby largely eliminating conflicts of interest for DMBT from the proxy voting process. In the limited instances where DMBT is considering voting a proxy contrary to ISS’s recommendation, the Committee will first assess the issue to see if there is any possible conflict of interest involving DMBT or affiliated persons of DMBT. If there is no perceived conflict of interest, the Committee will then vote the proxy according to the process described in “Procedures for Voting Proxies” above. If at least one member of the Committee has actual knowledge of a conflict of interest, the Committee will normally use another independent third party to do additional research on the particular issue in order to make a recommendation to the Committee on how to vote the proxy in the best interests of the client. The Committee will then review the proxy voting materials and recommendation provided by ISS and the independent third party to determine how to vote the issue in a manner which the Committee believes is consistent with DMBT’s Procedures and in the best interests of the client. In these instances, the Committee must come to a unanimous decision regarding how to vote the proxy or they will be required to vote the proxy in accordance with ISS’s original recommendation. Documentation of the reasons for voting contrary to ISS’s recommendation will generally be retained by DMBT.

Availability of Proxy Voting Information and Recordkeeping

Clients of DMBT will be directed to their client service representative to obtain information from DMBT on how their securities were voted. At the beginning of a new relationship with a client, DMBT will provide clients with a concise summary of DMBT’s proxy voting process and will inform clients that they can obtain a copy of the complete Procedures upon request. The information described in the preceding two sentences will be included in Part II of DMBT’s Form ADV which is delivered to each new client prior to the commencement of investment management services. Existing clients will also be provided with the above information.

DMBT will also retain extensive records regarding proxy voting on behalf of clients. DMBT will keep records of the following items: (i) the Procedures; (ii) proxy statements received regarding client securities (via hard copies held by ISS or electronic filings from the SEC’s EDGAR filing system); (iii) records of votes cast on behalf of DMBT’s clients (via ISS); (iv) records of a client’s written request for information on how DMBT voted proxies for the client, and any DMBT written response to an oral or written client request for information on how DMBT voted proxies for the client; and (v) any documents prepared by DMBT that were material to making a decision as to how to vote or that memorialized the basis for that decision. These records will be maintained in an easily accessible place for at least five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record. For the first two years, such records will be stored at the offices of DMBT.

Proxy Voting Guidelines

The following Guidelines summarize DMBT’s positions on various issues and give a general indication as to how the Advisers will vote shares on each issue. The Proxy Committee has reviewed the Guidelines and determined that voting proxies pursuant to the Guidelines should be in the best interests of the client and should facilitate the goal of maximizing the value of the client’s investments. Although the Advisers will usually vote proxies in accordance with these Guidelines, the Advisers reserve the right to vote certain issues counter to the Guidelines if, after a thorough review of the matter, the Adviser determines that a client’s best interests


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would be served by such a vote. Moreover, the list of Guidelines below may not include all potential voting issues. In particular, the Guidelines for non-U.S. portfolio securities below includes more general proxy voting policies of broad application as compared to the Guidelines for U.S. portfolio securities. Certain countries have market-specific proxy voting policies that are utilized by ISS when it makes recommendations for voting proxies for securities from that country because of differentiating legal or listing standards or other market-specific reasons. DMBT can provide these market-specific proxy voting guidelines upon request. Lastly, to the extent that the Guidelines do not cover potential voting issues, the Advisers will vote on such issues in a manner that is consistent with the spirit of the Guidelines below and that promotes the best interests of the client. DMBT’s Guidelines are listed immediately below and are organized by votes on proxies for underlying U.S. and non-U.S. portfolio securities, and by the types of issues that could potentially be brought up in a proxy statement:

U.S. Portfolio Security Voting Issues

1. Routine/Miscellaneous

Adjourn Meeting

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to provide management with the authority to adjourn an annual or special meeting absent compelling reasons to support the proposal.

Generally vote FOR proposals that relate specifically to soliciting votes for a merger or transaction if supporting that merger or transaction. Generally vote AGAINST proposals if the wording is too vague or if the proposal includes “other business.”

Amend Quorum Requirements

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to reduce quorum requirements for shareholder meetings below a majority of the shares outstanding unless there are compelling reasons to support the proposal.

Amend Minor Bylaws

Generally vote FOR bylaw or charter changes that are of a housekeeping nature (updates or corrections).

Change Company Name

Generally vote FOR proposals to change the corporate name unless there is compelling evidence that the change would adversely impact shareholder value.

Change Date, Time, or Location of Annual Meeting

Generally vote FOR management proposals to change the date, time, or location of the annual meeting unless the proposed change is unreasonable.

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals to change the date, time, or location of the annual meeting unless the current scheduling or location is unreasonable.

Other Business

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to approve other business when it appears as voting item.


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Audit-Related

Auditor Indemnification and Limitation of Liability

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the issue of auditor indemnification and limitation of liability. Factors to be assessed include, but are not limited to:

The terms of the auditor agreement – the degree to which these agreements impact shareholders’ rights;

Motivation and rationale for establishing the agreements;

Quality of the company’s disclosure; and

The company’s historical practices in the audit area.

Generally WITHHOLD or vote AGAINST members of an audit committee in situations where there is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.

Auditor Ratification

Generally vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply:

An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent;

There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion that is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position;

Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a serious level of concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures; or

Fees for non-audit services (“Other” fees) are excessive.

Shareholder Proposals Limiting Non-Audit Services

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to prohibit or limit their auditors from engaging in non-audit services.

Shareholder Proposals on Audit Firm Rotation

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking for audit firm rotation, taking into account:

The tenure of the audit firm;

The length of rotation specified in the proposal;

Any significant audit-related issues at the company;

The number of Audit Committee meetings held each year;

The number of financial experts serving on the committee; and

Whether the company has a periodic renewal process where the auditor is evaluated for both audit quality and competitive price.

2. Board of Directors

Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections

Four fundamental principles apply when determining votes on director nominees:


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Accountability: Boards should be sufficiently accountable to shareholders, including through transparency of the company’s governance practices and regular board elections, by the provision of sufficient information for shareholders to be able to assess directors and board composition, and through the ability of shareholders to remove directors.

Responsiveness: Directors should respond to investor input, such as expressed through significant opposition to management proposals, significant support for shareholder proposals (whether binding or non-binding), and tender offers where a majority of shares are tendered.

Composition: Companies should ensure that directors add value to the board through their specific skills and expertise and by having sufficient time and commitment to serve effectively. Boards should be of a size appropriate to accommodate diversity, expertise, and independence, while ensuring active and collaborative participation by all members.

Independence: Boards should be sufficiently independent from management (and significant shareholders) so as to ensure that they are able and motivated to effectively supervise management’s performance for the benefit of all shareholders, including in setting and monitoring the execution of corporate strategy, with appropriate use of shareholder capital, and in setting and monitoring executive compensation programs that support that strategy. The chair of the board should ideally be an independent director, and all boards should have an independent leadership position or a similar role in order to help provide appropriate counterbalance to executive management, as well as having sufficiently independent committees that focus on key governance concerns such as audit, compensation, and nomination of directors.

Generally vote FOR director nominees, except under the following circumstances noted in section 2.1 – 2.4.

2.1 Board Accountability

Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the entire board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered CASE-BY-CASE) for the following:

Problematic Takeover Defenses:

Classified Board Structure: The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election. All appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable;

Director Performance Evaluation: The board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is generally measured by one- and three-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the company’s five-year total shareholder return and operational metrics. Problematic provisions include but are not limited to:

A classified board structure;

A supermajority vote requirement;

Either a plurality vote standard in uncontested director elections or a majority vote standard with no plurality carve-out for contested elections;

The inability of shareholders to call special meetings;

The inability of shareholders to act by written consent;

A dual-class capital structure; and/or

A non–shareholder- approved poison pill.


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Poison Pills:

The company’s poison pill has a “dead-hand” or “modified dead-hand” feature. Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes every year until this feature is removed;

The board adopts a poison pill with a term of more than 12 months (“long-term pill”), or renews any existing pill, including any “short-term” pill (12 months or less), without shareholder approval. A commitment or policy that puts a newly adopted pill to a binding shareholder vote may potentially offset an adverse vote recommendation. Review such companies with classified boards every year, and such companies with annually elected boards at least once every three years, and generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from all nominees if the company still maintains a non-shareholder-approved poison pill.

The board makes a material adverse change to an existing poison pill without shareholder approval.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all nominees if the board adopts a poison pill with a term of 12 months or less (“short-term pill”) without shareholder approval, taking into account the following factors:

The date of the pill‘s adoption relative to the date of the next meeting of shareholders– i.e. whether the company had time to put the pill on the ballot for shareholder ratification given the circumstances;

The issuer‘s rationale;

The issuer’s governance structure and practices; and

The issuer’s track record of accountability to shareholders.

Restricting Binding Shareholder Proposals:

Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from members of the governance committee if:

The company’s charter imposes undue restrictions on shareholder’s ability to amend the bylaws. Such restrictions include, but are not limited to: outright prohibition on the submission of binding shareholder proposals, or share ownership requirements or time holding requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8. Vote AGAINST on an ongoing basis.

Problematic Audit-Related Practices

Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Audit Committee if:

The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive;

The company receives an adverse opinion on the company’s financial statements from its auditor; or

There is persuasive evidence that the Audit Committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on members of the Audit Committee and potentially the full board if:

Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a level of serious concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures. Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence and duration, as well as the company’s efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in determining whether WITHHOLD/AGAINST votes are warranted.

Problematic Compensation Practices/Pay for Performance Misalignment

In the absence of an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation ballot item, or, in egregious situations, generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:


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There is a significant misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance);

The company maintains significant problematic pay practices;

The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders;

The company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a shareholder vote; or

The company fails to fulfill the terms of a burn rate commitment made to shareholders.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on Compensation Committee members (or, in exceptional cases, the full board) and the Management Say-on-Pay proposal if:

The company’s previous say-on-pay proposal received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into account:

The company’s response, including:

Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors regarding the issues that contributed to the low level of support;

Specific actions taken to address the issues that contributed to the low level of support;

Other recent compensation actions taken by the company;

Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated;

The company’s ownership structure; and

Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness.

Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments and Problematic Capital Structures

Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees, who should be considered CASE-BY-CASE) if the board amends the company’s bylaws or charter without shareholder approval in a manner that materially diminishes shareholders’ rights or that could adversely impact shareholders, considering the following factors, as applicable:

The board’s rationale for adopting the bylaw/charter amendment without shareholder ratification;

Disclosure by the company of any significant engagement with shareholders regarding the amendment;

The level of impairment of shareholders’ rights caused by the board’s unilateral amendment to the bylaws/charter;

The board’s track record with regard to unilateral board action on bylaw/charter amendments or other entrenchment provisions;

The company’s ownership structure;

The company’s existing governance provisions;

The timing of the board’s amendment to the bylaws/charter in connection with a significant business development;

Other factors, as deemed appropriate, that may be relevant to determine the impact of the amendment on shareholders.

Unless the adverse amendment is reversed or submitted to a binding shareholder vote, in subsequent years vote CASE-BY-CASE on director nominees. Generally vote AGAINST (except new nominees, who should be considered CASE-BY-CASE) if the directors:

Classified the board;

Adopted supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter; or

Eliminated shareholders’ ability to amend bylaws.


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For newly public companies, generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company’s public offering, the company or its board adopted bylaw or charter provisions materially adverse to shareholder rights or implemented a multi-class capital structure in which the classes have unequal voting rights considering the following factors:

The level of impairment of shareholders’ rights;

The disclosed rationale;

The ability to change the governance structure (e.g., limitations on shareholders’ right to amend the bylaws or charter, or supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter);

The ability of shareholders to hold directors accountable through annual director elections, or whether the company has a classified board structure;

Any reasonable sunset provision; and

Other relevant factors.

Unless the adverse provision and/or problematic capital structure is reversed or removed, vote CASE-BY-CASE on director nominees in subsequent years.

Governance Failures

Under extraordinary circumstances, generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, due to:

Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;

Failure to replace management as appropriate; or

Egregious actions related to a director’s service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.

2.2 Board Responsiveness

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on individual directors, committee members, or the entire board of directors as appropriate if:

The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year. Factors that will be considered are:

Disclosed outreach efforts by the board to shareholders in the wake of the vote;

Rationale provided in the proxy statement for the level of implementation;

The subject matter of the proposal;

The level of support for and opposition to the resolution in past meetings;

Actions taken by the board in response to the majority vote and its engagement with shareholders;

The continuation of the underlying issue as a voting item on the ballot (as either shareholder or management proposals); and

Other factors as appropriate.

The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of shares are tendered;

At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote; or


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The board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the majority of votes cast at the most recent shareholder meeting at which shareholders voted on the say-on-pay frequency; or

The board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received a plurality, but not a majority, of the votes cast at the most recent shareholder meeting at which shareholders voted on the say-on-pay frequency, taking into account:

The board’s rationale for selecting a frequency that is different from the frequency that received a plurality;

The company’s ownership structure and vote results;

ISS’ analysis of whether there are compensation concerns or a history of problematic compensation practices; and

The previous year’s support level on the company’s say-on-pay proposal.

2.3 Director Composition

Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings:

Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors (except new nominees, who should be considered CASE-BY-CASE) who attended less than 75 percent of the aggregate of their board and committee meetings for the period for which they served, unless an acceptable reason for absences is disclosed in the proxy or another SEC filing.

Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:

Medical issues/illness;

Family emergencies; and

Missing only one meeting (when the total of all meetings is three or fewer).

If the proxy disclosure is unclear and insufficient to determine whether a director attended at least 75 percent of the aggregate of his/her board and committee meetings during his/her period of service, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the director(s) in question.

Overboarded Directors:

Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors who:

Sit on more than five public company boards; or

Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own–withhold only at their outside boards.

2.4 Director Independence

Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from inside directors and affiliated outside directors when:

The inside or affiliated outside director serves on any of the three key committees: audit, compensation, or nominating;

The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board functions as that committee;

The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the board attests that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee; or

Independent directors make up less than a majority of the directors.


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2.5 Other Board-Related Proposals

2.5a Age/Term Limits

Generally vote AGAINST management and shareholder proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors through mandatory retirement ages.

Generally vote AGAINST management proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors through term limits. However, scrutinize boards where the average tenure of all directors exceeds 15 years for independence from management and for sufficient turnover to ensure that new perspectives are being added to the board.

2.5b Board Size

Generally vote FOR proposals seeking to fix the board size or designate a range for the board size.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board outside of a specified range without shareholder approval.

2.5c Classification/Declassification of the Board

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to classify (stagger) the board.

Generally vote FOR proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.

2.5d CEO Succession Planning

Generally vote FOR proposals seeking disclosure on a CEO succession planning policy, considering at a minimum, the following factors:

The reasonableness/scope of the request; and

The company’s existing disclosure on its current CEO succession planning process.

2.5e Cumulative Voting

Generally vote AGAINST management proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting unless:

The company has proxy access, thereby allowing shareholders to nominate directors to the company’s ballot; and

The company has adopted a majority vote standard, with a carve-out for plurality voting in situations where there are more nominees than seats, and a director resignation policy to address failed elections.

Generally vote FOR proposals for cumulative voting at controlled companies (insider voting power > 50%).

2.5f Director and Officer Indemnification and Liability Protection

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals on director and officer indemnification and liability protection.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that would:

Eliminate entirely directors’ and officers’ liability for monetary damages for violating the duty of care.

Expand coverage beyond just legal expenses to liability for acts that are more serious violations of fiduciary obligation than mere carelessness.


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Expand the scope of indemnification to provide for mandatory indemnification of company officials in connection with acts that previously the company was permitted to provide indemnification for, at the discretion of the company’s board (i.e., “permissive indemnification”), but that previously the company was not required to indemnify.

Generally vote FOR only those proposals providing such expanded coverage in cases when a director’s or officer’s legal defense was unsuccessful if both of the following apply:

If the director was found to have acted in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed was in the best interests of the company; and

If only the director’s legal expenses would be covered.

2.5g Establish/Amend Nominee Qualifications

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals that establish or amend director qualifications. Votes should be based on the reasonableness of the criteria and to the degree they may preclude dissident nominees from joining the board.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder resolutions seeking a director nominee candidate who possesses a particular subject matter expertise, considering:

The company’s board committee structure, existing subject matter expertise, and board nomination provisions relative to that of its peers;

The company’s existing board and management oversight mechanisms regarding the issue for which board oversight is sought;

The company’s disclosure and performance relating to the issue for which board oversight is sought and any significant related controversies; and

The scope and structure of the proposal.

2.5h Establish other Board Committee Proposals

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals to establish a new board committee, as such proposals seek a specific oversight mechanism/structure that potentially limits a company’s flexibility to determine an appropriate oversight mechanism for itself.

However, the following factors will be considered:

Existing oversight mechanisms (including current committee structure) regarding the issue for which board oversight is sought;

Level of disclosure regarding the issue for which board oversight is sought;

Company performance related to the issue for which board oversight is sought;

Board committee structure compared to that of other companies in its industry sector;

The scope and structure of the proposal.

2.5i Filling Vacancies/Removal of Directors

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that provide that directors may be removed only for cause.

Generally vote FOR proposals to restore shareholders’ ability to remove directors with or without cause.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies.


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Generally vote FOR proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies.

2.5j Independent Chair (Separate Chair/CEO)

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that the chairman’s position be filled by an independent director, taking into consideration the following:

The scope of the proposal;

The company’s current board leadership structure;

The company’s governance structure and practices;

Company performance; and

Any other relevant factors that may be applicable.

Regarding the scope of the proposal, consider whether the proposal is precatory or binding and whether the proposal is seeking an immediate change in the chairman role or the policy can be implemented at the next CEO transition.

Under the review of the company’s board leadership structure, proposals under the following scenarios absent a compelling rationale may be supported: the presence of an executive or non-independent chair in addition to the CEO; a recent recombination of the role of CEO and chair; and/or departure from a structure with an independent chair. Also consider any recent transitions in board leadership and the effect such transitions may have on independent board leadership as well as the designation of a lead director role.

When considering the governance structure, consider the overall independence of the board, the independence of key committees, the establishment of governance guidelines, board tenure and its relationship to CEO tenure, and any other factors that may be relevant. Any concerns about a company’s governance structure will weigh in favor of support for the proposal.

The review of the company’s governance practices may include, but is not limited to poor compensation practices, material failures of governance and risk oversight, related-party transactions or other issues putting director independence at risk, corporate or management scandals, and actions by management or the board with potential or realized negative impact on shareholders. Any such practices may suggest a need for more independent oversight at the company thus warranting support of the proposal.

Performance assessment will generally consider one-, three, and five-year TSR compared to the company’s peers and the market as a whole. While poor performance will weigh in favor of the adoption of an independent chair policy, strong performance over the long-term will be considered a mitigating factor when determining whether the proposed leadership change warrants support.

2.5k Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Independent Committees

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that a majority or more of directors be independent unless the board composition already meets the proposed threshold by ISS’s definition of independent outsider.

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that board audit, compensation, and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors unless they currently meet that standard.

2.5l Majority Vote Standard for the Election of Directors

Generally vote FOR management proposals to adopt a majority of votes cast standard for directors in uncontested elections. Vote AGAINST if no carve-out for a plurality vote standard in contested elections is included.


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Generally vote FOR precatory and binding shareholder resolutions requesting that the board change the company’s bylaws to stipulate that directors need to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast, provided it does not conflict with the state law where the company is incorporated. Binding resolutions need to allow for a carve-out for a plurality vote standard when there are more nominees than board seats.

Companies are strongly encouraged to also adopt a post-election policy (also known as a director resignation policy) that will provide guidelines so that the company will promptly address the situation of a holdover director.

2.5m Proxy Access

Generally vote FOR management and shareholder proposals for proxy access with the following provisions:

Ownership threshold: maximum requirement not more than three percent (3%) of the voting power;

Ownership duration: maximum requirement not longer than three (3) years of continuous ownership for each member of the nominating group;

Aggregation: minimal or no limits on the number of shareholders permitted to form a nominating group;

Cap: cap on nominees of generally twenty-five percent (25%) of the board.

Review for reasonableness any other restrictions on the right of proxy access.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that are more restrictive than this guideline.

2.5n Require More Nominees than Open Seats

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that would require a company to nominate more candidates than the number of open board seats.

2.5o Shareholder Engagement Policy (Shareholder Advisory Committee)

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the board establish an internal mechanism/process, which may include a committee, in order to improve communications between directors and shareholders, unless the company has the following features, as appropriate:

Established a communication structure that goes beyond the exchange requirements to facilitate the exchange of information between shareholders and members of the board;

Effectively disclosed information with respect to this structure to its shareholders;

Company has not ignored majority-supported shareholder proposals or a majority withhold vote on a director nominee; and

The company has an independent chairman or a lead director. This individual must be made available for periodic consultation and direct communication with major shareholders.

2.5p Proxy ContestsVoting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors:

Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry;

Management’s track record;

Background to the proxy contest;

Nominee qualifications and any compensation arrangements;

Qualifications of director nominees (both slates);

Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management;


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Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates);

Stock ownership positions.

In the case of candidates nominated pursuant to proxy access, vote CASE-BY-CASE considering any applicable factors listed above or additional factors which may be relevant, including those that are specific to the company, to the nominee(s) and/or to the nature of the election (such as whether or not there are more candidates than board seats).

2.5q Vote No Campaigns

In cases where companies are targeted in connection with public “vote no” campaigns, evaluate director nominees under the existing governance policies for voting on director nominees in uncontested elections. Take into consideration the arguments submitted by shareholders and other publicly available information.

3. Shareholder Rights & Defenses

3.1 Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals/Nominations

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on advance notice proposals, giving support to those proposals which allow shareholders to submit proposals/nominations as close to the meeting date as reasonably possible and within the broadest window possible, recognizing the need to allow sufficient notice for company, regulatory and shareholder review.

To be reasonable, the company’s deadline for shareholder notice of a proposal/ nominations must not be more than 60 days prior to the meeting, with a submittal window of at least 30 days prior to the deadline. The submittal window is the period under which a shareholder must file his proposal/nominations prior to the deadline.

In general, support additional efforts by companies to ensure full disclosure in regard to a proponent’s economic and voting position in the company so long as the informational requirements are reasonable and aimed at providing shareholders with the necessary information to review such proposals.

3.2 Amend Bylaws without Shareholder Consent

Generally vote AGAINST proposals giving the board exclusive authority to amend the bylaws.

Generally vote FOR proposals giving the board the ability to amend the bylaws in addition to shareholders.

3.3 Control Share Acquisition Provisions

Control share acquisition statutes function by denying shares their voting rights when they contribute to ownership in excess of certain thresholds. Voting rights for those shares exceeding ownership limits may only be restored by approval of either a majority or supermajority of disinterested shares. Thus, control share acquisition statutes effectively require a hostile bidder to put its offer to a shareholder vote or risk voting disenfranchisement if the bidder continues buying up a large block of shares.

Generally vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share acquisition statutes unless doing so would enable the completion of a takeover that would be detrimental to shareholders.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to amend the charter to include control share acquisition provisions.

Generally vote FOR proposals to restore voting rights to the control shares.


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3.4 Control Share Cash-Out Provisions

Control share cash-out statutes give dissident shareholders the right to “cash-out” of their position in a company at the expense of the shareholder who has taken a control position. In other words, when an investor crosses a preset threshold level, remaining shareholders are given the right to sell their shares to the acquirer, who must buy them at the highest acquiring price.

Generally vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share cash-out statutes.

3.5 Disgorgement Provisions

Disgorgement provisions require an acquirer or potential acquirer of more than a certain percentage of a company’s stock to disgorge, or pay back, to the company any profits realized from the sale of that company’s stock purchase 24 months before achieving control status. All sales of company stock by the acquirer occurring within a certain period of time (between 18 months and 24 months) prior to the investor’s gaining control status are subject to these recapture-of-profits provisions.

Generally vote FOR proposals to opt out of state disgorgement provisions.

3.6 Fair Price Provisions

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to adopt fair price provisions (provisions that stipulate that an acquirer must pay the same price to acquire all shares as it paid to acquire the control shares), evaluating factors such as the vote required to approve the proposed acquisition, the vote required to repeal the fair price provision, and the mechanism for determining the fair price.

Generally vote AGAINST fair price provisions with shareholder vote requirements greater than a majority of disinterested shares.

3.7 Freeze-Out Provisions

Generally vote FOR proposals to opt out of state freeze-out provisions. Freeze-out provisions force an investor who surpasses a certain ownership threshold in a company to wait a specified period of time before gaining control of the company.

3.8 Greenmail

Greenmail payments are targeted share repurchases by management of company stock from individuals or groups seeking control of the company. Since only the hostile party receives payment, usually at a substantial premium over the market value of its shares, the practice discriminates against all other shareholders.

Generally vote FOR proposals to adopt anti-greenmail charter or bylaw amendments or otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on anti-greenmail proposals when they are bundled with other charter or bylaw amendments.

3.9 Litigation Rights (including Exclusive Venue and Fee-Shifting Bylaw Provisions)

Bylaw provisions impacting shareholders’ ability to bring suit against the company may include exclusive venue provisions, which provide that the state of incorporation shall be the sole venue for certain types of litigation, and fee-shifting provisions that require a shareholder who sues a company unsuccessfully to pay all litigation expenses of the defendant corporation.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on bylaws which impact shareholders’ litigation rights, taking into account factors such as:

The company’s stated rationale for adopting such a provision;


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Disclosure of past harm from shareholder lawsuits in which plaintiffs were unsuccessful or shareholder lawsuits outside the jurisdiction of incorporation;

The breadth of application of the bylaw, including the types of lawsuits to which it would apply and the definition of key terms; and

Governance features such as shareholders’ ability to repeal the provision at a later date (including the vote standard applied when shareholders attempt to amend the bylaws) and their ability to hold directors accountable through annual director elections and a majority vote standard in uncontested elections.

Generally vote AGAINST bylaws that mandate fee-shifting whenever plaintiffs are not completely successful on the merits (i.e., in cases where the plaintiffs are partially successful).

3.10 Net Operating Loss (NOL) Protective Amendments

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to adopt a protective amendment for the stated purpose of protecting a company’s net operating losses (NOL) if the effective term of the protective amendment would exceed the shorter of three years and the exhaustion of the NOL.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE, considering the following factors, for management proposals to adopt an NOL protective amendment that would remain in effect for the shorter of three years (or less) and the exhaustion of the NOL:

The ownership threshold (NOL protective amendments generally prohibit stock ownership transfers that would result in a new 5-percent holder or increase the stock ownership percentage of an existing 5-percent holder);

The value of the NOLs;

Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision or commitment to cause expiration of the protective amendment upon exhaustion or expiration of the NOL);

The company’s existing governance structure including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders, and any other problematic governance concerns; and

Any other factors that may be applicable.

3.11 Poison Pills (Shareholder Rights Plans)

Shareholder Proposals to Put Pill to a Vote and/or Adopt a Pill Policy

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the company submit its poison pill to a shareholder vote or redeem it UNLESS the company has: (1) A shareholder approved poison pill in place; or (2) The company has adopted a policy concerning the adoption of a pill in the future specifying that the board will only adopt a shareholder rights plan if either:

Shareholders have approved the adoption of the plan; or

The board, in its exercise of its fiduciary responsibilities, determines that it is in the best interest of shareholders under the circumstances to adopt a pill without the delay in adoption that would result from seeking stockholder approval (i.e., the “fiduciary out” provision). A poison pill adopted under this fiduciary out will be put to a shareholder ratification vote within 12 months of adoption or expire. If the pill is not approved by a majority of the votes cast on this issue, the plan will immediately terminate.

If the shareholder proposal calls for a time period of less than 12 months for shareholder ratification after adoption, generally vote FOR the proposal, but add the caveat that a vote within 12 months would be considered sufficient implementation.


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Management Proposals to Ratify a Poison Pill

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of the shareholder rights plan. Rights plans should generally contain the following attributes:

No lower than a 20% trigger, flip-in or flip-over;

A term of no more than three years;

No dead-hand, slow-hand, no-hand or similar feature that limits the ability of a future board to redeem the pill;

Shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause); if the board refuses to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced, 10 percent of the shares may call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill.

In addition, the rationale for adopting the pill should be thoroughly explained by the company. In examining the request for the pill, take into consideration the company’s existing governance structure, including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, and any problematic governance concerns.

Management Proposals to Ratify a Pill to Preserve Net Operating Losses (NOLs)

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to adopt a poison pill for the stated purpose of protecting a company’s net operating losses (NOL) if the term of the pill would exceed the shorter of three years and the exhaustion of the NOL.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals for poison pill ratification, considering the following factors, if the term of the pill would be the shorter of three years (or less) and the exhaustion of the NOL:

The ownership threshold to transfer (NOL pills generally have a trigger slightly below five percent);

The value of the NOLs;

Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision, or commitment to cause expiration of the pill upon exhaustion or expiration of NOLs);

The company’s existing governance structure including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders, and any other problematic governance concerns; and

Any other factors that may be applicable.

3.12 New Proxy Voting Disclosure, Confidentiality, and Tabulation

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding proxy voting mechanics, taking into consideration whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder rights. Specific issues covered under the policy include, but are not limited to, confidential voting of individual proxies and ballots, confidentiality of running vote tallies, and the treatment of abstentions and/or broker non-votes in the company’s vote-counting methodology.

While a variety of factors may be considered in each analysis, the guiding principles are: transparency, consistency, and fairness in the proxy voting process. The factors considered, as applicable to the proposal, may include:

The scope and structure of the proposal;

The company’s stated confidential voting policy (or other relevant policies) and whether it ensures a “level playing field” by providing shareholder proponents with equal access to vote information prior to the annual meeting;


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The company’s vote standard for management and shareholder proposals and whether it ensures consistency and fairness in the proxy voting process and maintains the integrity of vote results;

Whether the company’s disclosure regarding its vote counting method and other relevant voting policies with respect to management and shareholder proposals are consistent and clear;

Any recent controversies or concerns related to the company’s proxy voting mechanics;

Any unintended consequences resulting from implementation of the proposal; and

Any other factors that may be relevant.

3.13 Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. When voting in conjunction with support of a dissident slate, vote FOR the reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation expenses associated with the election.

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for the reimbursement of reasonable costs incurred in connection with nominating one or more candidates in a contested election where the following apply:

The election of fewer than 50% of the directors to be elected is contested in the election;

One or more of the dissident’s candidates is elected;

Shareholders are not permitted to cumulate their votes for directors; and

The election occurred, and the expenses were incurred, after the adoption of this bylaw.

3.14 Reincorporation Proposals

Management or shareholder proposals to change a company’s state of incorporation should be evaluated CASE-BY-CASE, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns including the following:

Reasons for reincorporation;

Comparison of company’s governance practices and provisions prior to and following the reincorporation; and

Comparison of corporation laws of original state and destination state.

Generally vote FOR reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance changes.

3.15 Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent

Generally vote AGAINST management and shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders’ ability to act by written consent.

Generally vote FOR management and shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to act by written consent, taking into account the following factors:

Shareholders’ current right to act by written consent;

The consent threshold;

The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language;

Investor ownership structure; and

Shareholder support of and management’s response to previous shareholder proposals.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals if, in addition to the considerations above, the company has the following governance and antitakeover provisions:


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An unfettered right for shareholders to call special meetings at a 10 percent threshold;

A majority vote standard in uncontested director elections;

No non-shareholder-approved pill; and

An annually elected board.

3.16 Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings

Generally vote AGAINST management or shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders’ ability to call special meetings.

Generally vote FOR management or shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to call special meetings taking into account the following factors:

Shareholders’ current right to call special meetings;

Minimum ownership threshold necessary to call special meetings (10% preferred);

The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language;

Investor ownership structure; and

Shareholder support of and management’s response to previous shareholder proposals.

3.17 Stakeholder Provisions

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that ask the board to consider non-shareholder constituencies or other non-financial effects when evaluating a merger or business combination.

3.18 State Antitakeover Statutes

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to opt in or out of state takeover statutes (including fair price provisions, stakeholder laws, poison pill endorsements, severance pay and labor contract provisions, and anti-greenmail provisions).

3.19 Supermajority Vote Requirements

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote.

Generally vote FOR management or shareholder proposals to reduce supermajority vote requirements. However, for companies with shareholder(s) who have significant ownership levels, vote CASE-BY-CASE, taking into account:

Ownership structure;

Quorum requirements; and

Vote requirements.

4. Capital/Restructuring

4.1 Capital

4.1a Adjustments to Par Value of Common Stock

Generally vote FOR management proposals to reduce the par value of common stock unless the action is being taken to facilitate an anti-takeover device or some other negative corporate governance action

Generally vote FOR management proposals to eliminate par value.


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4.1b Common Stock Authorization

Generally vote FOR proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class of common stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of common stock that has superior voting rights.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares if a vote for a reverse stock split on the same ballot is warranted despite the fact that the authorized shares would not be reduced proportionally.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:

Past Board Performance:

The company’s use of authorized shares during the last three years

The Current Request:

Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes of the proposed increase;

Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request; and

The dilutive impact of the request as determined by an allowable increase (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects the company’s need for shares and total shareholder returns.

4.1c Dual Class Structure

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to create a new class of common stock unless:

The company discloses a compelling rationale for the dual-class capital structure, such as:

The company’s auditor has concluded that there is substantial doubt about the company’s ability to continue as a going concern; or

The new class of shares will be transitory;

The new class is intended for financing purposes with minimal or no dilution to current shareholders in both the short term and long term; and

The new class is not designed to preserve or increase the voting power of an insider or significant shareholder.

4.1d Issue Stock for Use with Rights Plan

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that increase authorized common stock for the explicit purpose of implementing a non-shareholder- approved shareholder rights plan (poison pill).

4.1e Preemptive Rights

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals that seek preemptive rights, taking into consideration:

The size of the company;

The shareholder base; and

The liquidity of the stock.


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4.1f Preferred Stock Authorization

Generally vote FOR proposals to increase the number of authorized preferred shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class or series of preferred stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class or series of preferred stock that has superior voting rights.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of preferred stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:

Past Board Performance:

The company’s use of authorized preferred shares during the last three years;

The Current Request:

Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes for the proposed increase;

Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request;

In cases where the company has existing authorized preferred stock, the dilutive impact of the request as determined by an allowable increase (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects the company’s need for shares and total shareholder returns; and

Whether the shares requested are blank check preferred shares that can be used for antitakeover purposes.

4.1g Recapitalization Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on recapitalizations (reclassifications of securities), taking into account the following:

More simplified capital structure;

Enhanced liquidity;

Fairness of conversion terms;

Impact on voting power and dividends;

Reasons for the reclassification;

Conflicts of interest; and

Other alternatives considered.

4.1h Reverse Stock Splits

Generally vote FOR management proposals to implement a reverse stock split when the number of authorized shares will be proportionately reduced.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals when there is not a proportionate reduction of authorized shares, unless:

A stock exchange has provided notice to the company of a potential delisting; or

The effective increase in authorized shares is equal to or less than the allowable increase calculated in accordance with the Common Stock Authorization guidelines

4.1i Share Issueance Mandates

Generally vote FOR general share issuance authorities (those without a specified purpose) without pre-emptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued capital, as long as the duration of the authority is clearly disclosed and reasonable. As a general rule, companies should seek renewal of the issuance authority at each annual meeting.


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4.1j Share Repurchase Programs

Generally vote FOR management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms.

4.1k Stock Distributions: Splits and Dividends

Generally vote FOR management proposals to increase the common share authorization for a stock split or stock dividend, provided that the effective increase in authorized shares is equal to or is less than the allowable increase calculated in accordance with the Common Stock Authorization guidelines.

4.1l Tracking Stock

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the creation of tracking stock, weighing the strategic value of the transaction against such factors as:

Adverse governance changes;

Excessive increases in authorized capital stock;

Unfair method of distribution;

Diminution of voting rights;

Adverse conversion features;

Negative impact on stock option plans; and

Alternatives such as spin-off.

4.2 Restructuring

4.2a Appraisal Rights

Generally vote FOR proposals to restore or provide shareholders with rights of appraisal.

4.2b Asset Purchases

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on asset purchase proposals, considering the following factors:

Purchase price;

Fairness opinion;

Financial and strategic benefits;

How the deal was negotiated;

Conflicts of interest;

Other alternatives for the business;

Non-completion risk.

4.2c Asset Sales

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on asset sales, considering the following factors:

Impact on the balance sheet/working capital;

Potential elimination of diseconomies;

Anticipated financial and operating benefits;

Anticipated use of funds;

Value received for the asset;


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Fairness opinion;

How the deal was negotiated;

Conflicts of interest.

4.2d Bundled Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on bundled or “conditional” proxy proposals. In the case of items that are conditioned upon each other, examine the benefits and costs of the packaged items. In instances when the joint effect of the conditioned items is not in shareholders’ best interests, generally vote AGAINST the proposals. If the combined effect is positive, generally support such proposals.

4.2e Conversion of Securities

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding conversion of securities. When evaluating these proposals the investor should review the dilution to existing shareholders, the conversion price relative to market value, financial issues, control issues, termination penalties, and conflicts of interest.

Generally vote FOR the conversion if it is expected that the company will be subject to onerous penalties or will be forced to file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.

4.2f Corporate Reorganization/Debt Restructuring/Prepackaged Bankruptcy Plans/ Reverse Leveraged Buyouts/Wrap Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase common and/or preferred shares and to issue shares as part of a debt restructuring plan, after evaluating:

Dilution to existing shareholders’ positions;

Terms of the offer—discount/premium in purchase price to investor, including any fairness opinion; termination penalties; exit strategy;

Financial issues—company’s financial situation; degree of need for capital; use of proceeds; effect of the financing on the company’s cost of capital;

Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives;

Control issues—change in management; change in control, guaranteed board and committee seats; standstill provisions; voting agreements; veto power over certain corporate actions; and

Conflict of interest—arm’s length transaction, managerial incentives.

Generally vote FOR the debt restructuring if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.

4.2g Formation of Holding Company

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding the formation of a holding company, taking into consideration the following:

The reasons for the change;

Any financial or tax benefits;

Regulatory benefits;

Increases in capital structure; and

Changes to the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the company.

Absent compelling financial reasons to recommend the transaction, generally vote AGAINST the formation of a holding company if the transaction would include either of the following:


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Increases in common or preferred stock in excess of the allowable maximum (see discussion under “Capital”); or

Adverse changes in shareholder rights.

4.2h Going Private and Going Dark Transactions (LBOs and Minority Squeeze-outs)

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on going private transactions, taking into account the following:

Offer price/premium;

Fairness opinion;

How the deal was negotiated;

Conflicts of interest;

Other alternatives/offers considered; and

Non-completion risk.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on going dark transactions, determining whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by taking into consideration:

Whether the company has attained benefits from being publicly-traded (examination of trading volume, liquidity, and market research of the stock);

Balanced interests of continuing vs. cashed-out shareholders, taking into account the following:

Are all shareholders able to participate in the transaction?

Will there be a liquid market for remaining shareholders following the transaction?

Does the company have strong corporate governance?

Will insiders reap the gains of control following the proposed transaction?

Does the state of incorporation have laws requiring continued reporting that may benefit shareholders?

4.2i Joint Ventures

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to form joint ventures, taking into account the following:

Percentage of assets/business contributed;

Percentage ownership;

Financial and strategic benefits;

Governance structure;

Conflicts of interest;

Other alternatives; and

Non-completion risk.

4.2j Liquidations

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on liquidations, taking into account the following:

Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives;

Appraisal value of assets; and

The compensation plan for executives managing the liquidation.

Generally vote FOR the liquidation if the company will file for bankruptcy if the proposal is not approved.


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4.2k Mergers and Acquisitions

Vote CASE –BY- CASE on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:

Valuation—Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market reaction and strategic rationale.

Market reaction—How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal.

Strategic rationale—Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.

Negotiations and process—Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm’s-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Significant negotiation “wins” can also signify the deal makers’ competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value.

Conflicts of interest—Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger.

Governance—Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.

4.2l Private Placements/Warrants/Convertible Debentures

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding private placements, warrants, and convertible debentures taking into consideration:

Dilution to existing shareholders’ position: The amount and timing of shareholder ownership dilution should be weighed against the needs and proposed shareholder benefits of the capital infusion. Although newly issued common stock, absent preemptive rights, is typically dilutive to existing shareholders, share price appreciation is often the necessary event to trigger the exercise of “out of the money” warrants and convertible debt. In these instances from a value standpoint, the negative impact of dilution is mitigated by the increase in the company’s stock price that must occur to trigger the dilutive event.

Terms of the offer (discount/premium in purchase price to investor, including any fairness opinion, conversion features, termination penalties, exit strategy):

The terms of the offer should be weighed against the alternatives of the company and in light of company’s financial condition. Ideally, the conversion price for convertible debt and the exercise price for warrants should be at a premium to the then prevailing stock price at the time of private placement.

When evaluating the magnitude of a private placement discount or premium, consider factors that influence the discount or premium, such as, liquidity, due diligence costs, control and monitoring costs, capital scarcity, information asymmetry and anticipation of future performance.

Financial issues:

The company’s financial condition;

Degree of need for capital;


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Use of proceeds;

Effect of the financing on the company’s cost of capital;

Current and proposed cash burn rate;

Going concern viability and the state of the capital and credit markets.

Management’s efforts to pursue alternatives and whether the company engaged in a process to evaluate alternatives: A fair, unconstrained process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Financing alternatives can include joint ventures, partnership, merger or sale of part or all of the company.

Control issues:

Change in management;

Change in control;

Guaranteed board and committee seats;

Standstill provisions;

Voting agreements;

Veto power over certain corporate actions; and

Minority versus majority ownership and corresponding minority discount or majority control premium.

Conflicts of interest:

Conflicts of interest should be viewed from the perspective of the company and the investor.

Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm’s length? Are managerial incentives aligned with shareholder interests?

Market reaction:

The market’s response to the proposed deal. A negative market reaction may be a cause for concern. Market reaction may be addressed by analyzing the one day impact on the unaffected stock price.

Generally vote FOR the private placement, or FOR the issuance of warrants and/or convertible debentures in a private placement, if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.

4.2m Reorganization/Restructuring Plan (Bankruptcy)

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to common shareholders on bankruptcy plans of reorganization, considering the following factors including, but not limited to:

Estimated value and financial prospects of the reorganized company;

Percentage ownership of current shareholders in the reorganized company;

Whether shareholders are adequately represented in the reorganization process (particularly through the existence of an Official Equity Committee);

The cause(s) of the bankruptcy filing, and the extent to which the plan of reorganization addresses the cause(s);

Existence of a superior alternative to the plan of reorganization; and

Governance of the reorganized company.

4.2n Special Purpose Acquisition Corporations (SPACs)

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on SPAC mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:

Valuation – Is the value being paid by the SPAC reasonable? SPACs generally lack an independent fairness opinion and the financials on the target may be limited. Compare the conversion price with the intrinsic value of the target company provided in the fairness opinion. Also, evaluate the proportionate value of the


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combined entity attributable to the SPAC IPO shareholders versus the pre-merger value of SPAC. Additionally, a private company discount may be applied to the target, if it is a private entity.

Market reaction – How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction may be a cause for concern. Market reaction may be addressed by analyzing the one-day impact on the unaffected stock price.

Deal timing – A main driver for most transactions is that the SPAC charter typically requires the deal to be complete within 18 to 24 months, or the SPAC is to be liquidated. Evaluate the valuation, market reaction, and potential conflicts of interest for deals that are announced close to the liquidation date.

Negotiations and process – What was the process undertaken to identify potential target companies within specified industry or location specified in charter? Consider the background of the sponsors.

Conflicts of interest – How are sponsors benefiting from the transaction compared to IPO shareholders? Potential conflicts could arise if a fairness opinion is issued by the insiders to qualify the deal rather than a third party or if management is encouraged to pay a higher price for the target because of an 80% rule (the charter requires that the fair market value of the target is at least equal to 80% of net assets of the SPAC). Also, there may be sense of urgency by the management team of the SPAC to close the deal since its charter typically requires a transaction to be completed within the 18-24 month timeframe.

Voting agreements – Are the sponsors entering into any voting agreements/ tender offers with shareholders who are likely to vote AGAINST the proposed merger or exercise conversion rights?

Governance – What is the impact of having the SPAC CEO or founder on key committees following the proposed merger?

4.2o Spin-offs

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on spin-offs, considering:

Tax and regulatory advantages;

Planned use of the sale proceeds;

Valuation of spinoff;

Fairness opinion;

Benefits to the parent company;

Conflicts of interest;

Managerial incentives;

Corporate governance changes;

Changes in the capital structure.

4.2p Value Maximization Shareholder Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals seeking to maximize shareholder value by:

Hiring a financial advisor to explore strategic alternatives;

Selling the company; or

Liquidating the company and distributing the proceeds to shareholders.

These proposals should be evaluated based on the following factors:

Prolonged poor performance with no turnaround in sight;

Signs of entrenched board and management (such as the adoption of takeover defenses);

Strategic plan in place for improving value;


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Likelihood of receiving reasonable value in a sale or dissolution; and

The company actively exploring its strategic options, including retaining a financial advisor.

5. Compensation

5.1 Executive Pay Evaluation

Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:

Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which must be designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration, among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs;

Avoid arrangements that risk “pay for failure”: This principle addresses the appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and guaranteed compensation;

Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee: This principle promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills, knowledge, experience, and a sound process for compensation decision-making (e.g., including access to independent expertise and advice when needed);

Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that enable shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly;

Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors does not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in overseeing managers’ pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a variety of generally accepted best practices.

5.1a Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation—Management Proposals (Management Say-on-Pay)

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on ballot items related to executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation.

Generally vote AGAINST Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (Management Say-on-Pay – MSOP) if:

There is a significant misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance);

The company maintains significant problematic pay practices;

The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders.

Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:

There is no MSOP on the ballot, and an AGAINST vote on an MSOP is warranted due to pay for performance misalignment, problematic pay practices, or the lack of adequate responsiveness on compensation issues raised previously, or a combination thereof;

The board fails to respond adequately to a previous MSOP proposal that received less than 70 percent support of votes cast;

The company has recently practiced or approved problematic pay practices, including option repricing or option backdating; or

The situation is egregious.


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Primary Evaluation Factors for Executive Pay

Pay-for-Performance Evaluation

Evaluate alignment between pay and performance over a sustained period. With respect to companies in the Russell 3000 index, this analysis considers the following:

Peer Group Alignment:

The degree of alignment between the company’s TSR rank and the CEO’s total pay rank within a peer group, as measured over one-year and three-year periods;

The multiple of the CEO’s total pay relative to the peer group median.

Absolute Alignment—the absolute alignment between the trend in CEO pay and company TSR over the prior five fiscal years – i.e., the difference between the trend in annual pay changes and the trend in annualized TSR during the period.

If the above analysis demonstrates significant unsatisfactory long-term pay-for-performance alignment or, in the case of non-Russell 3000 index companies misaligned pay and performance are otherwise suggested, the analysis may include any of the following qualitative factors, if they are relevant to the analysis to determine how various pay elements may work to encourage or to undermine long-term value creation and alignment with shareholder interests:

The ratio of performance- to time-based equity awards;

The overall ratio of performance-based compensation;

The completeness of disclosure and rigor of performance goals;

The company’s peer group benchmarking practices;

Actual results of financial/operational metrics, such as growth in revenue, profit, cash flow, etc., both absolute and relative to peers;

Special circumstances related to, for example, a new CEO in the prior fiscal year or anomalous equity grant practices (e.g., bi-annual awards);

Realizable pay compared to grant pay; and

Any other factors deemed relevant.

Problematic Pay Practices

The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles, including:

Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements;

Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking; and

Options Backdating.

Problematic Pay Practices related to Non-Performance-Based Compensation Elements

Pay elements that are not directly based on performance are generally evaluated CASE-BY-CASE considering the context of a company’s overall pay program and demonstrated pay-for-performance philosophy. The following may be considered:

Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/SARS without prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender of underwater options);

Excessive perquisites or tax gross-ups, including any gross-up related to a secular trust or restricted stock vesting;

New or extended agreements that provide for:


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Change-in-control (CIC) payments exceeding 3 times base salary and average/target/most recent bonus;

CIC severance payments without involuntary job loss or substantial diminution of duties (“single” or “modified single” triggers);

CIC payments with excise tax gross-ups (including “modified” gross-ups).

Incentives that may Motivate Excessive Risk-Taking

Multi-year guaranteed bonuses;

A single or common performance metric used for short- and long-term plans;

Lucrative severance packages;

High pay opportunities relative to industry peers;

Disproportionate supplemental pensions; or

Mega annual equity grants that provide unlimited upside with no downside risk.

Factors that potentially mitigate the impact of risky incentives include rigorous claw-back provisions and robust stock ownership/holding guidelines.

Options Backdating

The following factors should be examined CASE-BY-CASE to allow for distinctions to be made between “sloppy” plan administration versus deliberate action or fraud:

Reason and motive for the options backdating issue, such as inadvertent vs. deliberate grant date changes;

Duration of options backdating;

Size of restatement due to options backdating;

Corrective actions taken by the board or compensation committee, such as canceling or re-pricing backdated options, the recouping of option gains on backdated grants; and

Adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating, and creates a fixed grant schedule or window period for equity grants in the future.

Board Communications and Responsiveness

Consider the following factors CASE-BY-CASE when evaluating ballot items related to executive pay on the board’s responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues:

Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay topics; or

Failure to adequately respond to the company’s previous say-on-pay proposal that received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into account:

The company’s response, including:

Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors regarding the issues that contributed to the low level of support;

Specific actions taken to address the issues that contributed to the low level of support;

Other recent compensation actions taken by the company;

Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated;

The company’s ownership structure; and

Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness.


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5.1b Frequency of Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (“Say When on Pay”)

Generally vote FOR annual advisory votes on compensation, which provide the most consistent and clear communication channel for shareholder concerns about companies’ executive pay programs.

5.1c Voting on Golden Parachutes in an Acquisition, Merger, Consolidation, or Proposed Sale

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on Golden Parachute proposals, including consideration of existing change-in-control arrangements maintained with named executive officers rather than focusing primarily on new or extended arrangements.

Features that may result in an AGAINST recommendation include one or more of the following, depending on the number, magnitude, and/or timing of issue(s):

Single- or modified-single-trigger cash severance;

Single-trigger acceleration of unvested equity awards;

Excessive cash severance (>3x base salary and bonus);

Excise tax gross-ups triggered and payable (as opposed to a provision to provide excise tax gross-ups);

Excessive golden parachute payments (on an absolute basis or as a percentage of transaction equity value); or

Recent amendments that incorporate any problematic features (such as those above) or recent actions (such as extraordinary equity grants) that may make packages so attractive as to influence merger agreements that may not be in the best interests of shareholders; or

The company’s assertion that a proposed transaction is conditioned on shareholder approval of the golden parachute advisory vote.

Recent amendment(s) that incorporate problematic features will tend to carry more weight on the overall analysis. However, the presence of multiple legacy problematic features will also be closely scrutinized.

In cases where the golden parachute vote is incorporated into a company’s advisory vote on compensation (management say-on-pay), will evaluate the say-on-pay proposal in accordance with these guidelines, which may give higher weight to that component of the overall evaluation.

5.2 Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on certain equity-based compensation plans3 depending on a combination of certain plan features and equity grant practices, where positive factors may counterbalance negative factors, and vice versa, as evaluated using the three factors below:

Plan Cost: The total estimated cost of the company’s equity plans relative to industry/market cap peers;

Plan Features:

Automatic single-triggered award vesting upon a change in control (CIC);

Discretionary vesting authority;

Liberal share recycling on various award types;

Lack of minimum vesting period for grants made under the plan

Dividends payable prior to award vesting.

Grant Practices:

The company’s three year burn rate relative to its industry/market cap peers;

 

3  Proposals evaluated generally include those to approve or amend (1) stock option plans for employees and/or employees and directors, (2) restricted stock plans for employees and/or employees and directors, and (3) omnibus stock incentive plans for employees and/or employees and directors.


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Vesting requirements in most recent CEO equity grants (3-year look-back);

The estimated duration of the plan (based on the sum of shares remaining available and the new shares requested, divided by the average annual shares granted in the prior three years);

The proportion of the CEO’s most recent equity grants/awards subject to performance conditions;

Whether the company maintains a claw-back policy;

Whether the company has established post exercise/vesting share-holding requirements.

Generally vote AGAINST the plan proposal if the combination of above factors indicates that the plan is not, overall, in shareholders’ interests, or if any of the following egregious factors apply:

Awards may vest in connection with a liberal change-of-control definition;

The plan would permit repricing or cash buyout of underwater options without shareholder approval (either by expressly permitting it – for NYSE and Nasdaq listed companies — or by not prohibiting it when the company has a history of repricing – for non-listed companies);

The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices or a significant pay-for-performance disconnect under certain circumstances; or

Any other plan features are determined to have a significant negative impact on shareholder interests.

Plan Cost

Generally vote AGAINST equity plans if the cost is unreasonable.

5.3 Other Compensation Plans

401(k) Employee Benefit Plans

Generally vote FOR proposals to implement a 401(k) savings plan for employees.

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)

Generally vote FOR proposals to implement an ESOP or increase authorized shares for existing ESOPs, unless the number of shares allocated to the ESOP is excessive (more than five percent of outstanding shares).

Employee Stock Purchase Plans— Qualified Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on qualified employee stock purchase plans. Generally vote FOR employee stock purchase plans where all of the following apply:

Purchase price is at least 85 percent of fair market value;

Offering period is 27 months or less; and

The number of shares allocated to the plan is ten percent or less of the outstanding shares.

Generally vote AGAINST qualified employee stock purchase plans where any of the following apply:

Purchase price is less than 85 percent of fair market value; or

Offering period is greater than 27 months; or

The number of shares allocated to the plan is more than ten percent of the outstanding shares.

Employee Stock Purchase Plans— Non-Qualified Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on nonqualified employee stock purchase plans. Generally vote FOR nonqualified employee stock purchase plans with all the following features:


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Broad-based participation (i.e., all employees of the company with the exclusion of individuals with 5 percent or more of beneficial ownership of the company);

Limits on employee contribution, which may be a fixed dollar amount or expressed as a percent of base salary;

Company matching contribution up to 25 percent of employee’s contribution, which is effectively a discount of 20 percent from market value;

No discount on the stock price on the date of purchase since there is a company matching contribution.

Generally vote AGAINST nonqualified employee stock purchase plans when any of the plan features do not meet the above criteria. If the company matching contribution exceeds 25 percent of employee’s contribution, evaluate the cost of the plan against its allowable cap.

Option Exchange Programs/Repricing Options

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/reprice options taking into consideration:

Historic trading patterns--the stock price should not be so volatile that the options are likely to be back “in-the-money” over the near term;

Rationale for the re-pricing--was the stock price decline beyond management’s control?

Is this a value-for-value exchange?

Are surrendered stock options added back to the plan reserve?

Option vesting—does the new option vest immediately or is there a black-out period?

Term of the option--the term should remain the same as that of the replaced option;

Exercise price—should be set at fair market or a premium to market;

Participants—executive officers and directors should be excluded.

If the surrendered options are added back to the equity plans for re-issuance, then also take into consideration the company’s total cost of equity plans and its three-year average burn rate.

In addition to the above considerations, evaluate the intent, rationale, and timing of the repricing proposal. The proposal should clearly articulate why the board is choosing to conduct an exchange program at this point in time. Repricing underwater options after a recent precipitous drop in the company’s stock price demonstrates poor timing. Repricing after a recent decline in stock price triggers additional scrutiny and a potential AGAINST vote on the proposal. At a minimum, the decline should not have happened within the past year. Also, consider the terms of the surrendered options, such as the grant date, exercise price and vesting schedule. Grant dates of surrendered options should be far enough back (two to three years) so as not to suggest that repricings are being done to take advantage of short-term downward price movements. Similarly, the exercise price of surrendered options should generally be above the 52-week high for the stock price.

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote.

Stock Plans in Lieu of Cash

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on plans that provide participants with the option of taking all or a portion of their cash compensation in the form of stock.

Generally vote FOR non-employee director-only equity plans that provide a dollar-for-dollar cash-for-stock exchange.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on plans which do not provide a dollar-for-dollar cash for stock exchange.


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Transfer Stock Option (TSO) Programs

One-time Transfers: Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from compensation committee members if they fail to submit one-time transfers to shareholders for approval.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on one-time transfers. Generally vote FOR if:

Executive officers and non-employee directors are excluded from participating;

Stock options are purchased by third-party financial institutions at a discount to their fair value using option pricing models such as Black-Scholes or a Binomial Option Valuation or other appropriate financial models; and

There is a two-year minimum holding period for sale proceeds (cash or stock) for all participants.

Additionally, management should provide a clear explanation of why options are being transferred to a third-party institution and whether the events leading up to a decline in stock price were beyond management’s control. A review of the company’s historic stock price volatility should indicate if the options are likely to be back “in-the-money” over the near term.

Ongoing TSO program: Generally vote AGAINST equity plan proposals if the details of ongoing TSO programs are not provided to shareholders. Since TSOs will be one of the award types under a stock plan, the ongoing TSO program, structure and mechanics must be disclosed to shareholders. The specific criteria to be considered in evaluating these proposals include, but not limited, to the following:

Eligibility;

Vesting;

Bid-price;

Term of options;

Cost of the program and impact of the TSOs on company’s total option expense

Option repricing policy.

Amendments to existing plans that allow for introduction of transferability of stock options should make clear that only options granted post-amendment shall be transferable.

5.4 Director Compensation

Shareholder Ratification of Director Pay Programs

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals seeking ratification of non-employee director compensation, based on the following factors:

If the equity plan under which non-employee director grants are made is on the ballot, whether or not it warrants support; and

An assessment of the following qualitative factors:

The relative magnitude of director compensation as compared to companies of a similar profile;

The presence of problematic pay practices relating to director compensation;

Director stock ownership guidelines and holding requirements;

Equity award vesting schedules;

The mix of cash and equity-based compensation;

Meaningful limits on director compensation;

The availability of retirement benefits or perquisites; and

The quality of disclosure surrounding director compensation.


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5.4a Equity Plans for Non-Employee Directors

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on compensation plans for non-employee directors, based on:

The total estimated cost of the company’s equity plans relative to industry/market cap peers;

The company’s three year burn rate relative to its industry/market cap peers; and

The presence of any egregious plan features (such as an option repricing provision or liberal CIC vesting risk).

On occasion, director stock plans will exceed the plan cost or burn rate benchmark when combined with employee or executive stock plans. Generally vote FOR the plan if all of the following qualitative factors in the board’s compensation are met and disclosed in the proxy statement:

The relative magnitude of director compensation as compared to companies of a similar profile.

The presence of problematic pay practices relating to director compensation;

Director stock ownership guidelines and holding requirements.

Equity award vesting schedules:

The mix of cash and equity based compensation;

Meaningful limits on director compensation:

The availability of retirement benefits, or perquisites; and

The quality of disclosure surrounding director compensation.

5.4b Non-Employee Director Retirement Plans

Generally vote AGAINST retirement plans for non-employee directors.

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals to eliminate retirement plans for non-employee directors.

5.5 Shareholder Proposals on Compensation

5.5a Adopt Anti-Hedging/Pledging/Speculative Investments Policy

Generally vote FOR proposals seeking a policy that prohibits named executive officers from engaging in derivative or speculative transactions involving company stock, including hedging, holding stock in a margin account, or pledging stock as collateral for a loan. However, the company’s existing policies regarding responsible use of company stock will be considered.

5.5b Bonus Banking/Bonus Banking “Plus”

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals seeking deferral of a portion of annual bonus pay, with ultimate payout linked to sustained results for the performance metrics on which the bonus was earned (whether for the named executive officers or a wider group of employees), taking into account the following factors:

The company’s past practices regarding equity and cash compensation;

Whether the company has a holding period or stock ownership requirements in place, such as a meaningful retention ratio (at least 50 percent for full tenure); and

Whether the company has a rigorous claw-back policy in place.

5.5c Compensation Consultants- Disclosure of Board or Company’s Utilization

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking disclosure regarding the Company, Board, or Compensation Committee’s use of compensation consultants, such as company name, business relationship(s) and fees paid.


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5.5d Disclosure/Setting Levels or Types of Compensation for Executives and Directors

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director pay information, provided the information requested is relevant to shareholders’ needs, would not put the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its industry, and is not unduly burdensome to the company.

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals seeking to set absolute levels on compensation or otherwise dictate the amount or form of compensation.

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals seeking to eliminate stock options or any other equity grants to employees or directors.

Generally Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals requiring director fees be paid in stock only.

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account relevant factors, including but not limited to, company performance, pay level and design versus peers, history to compensation concerns or pay-for-performance disconnect, and/or the scope and prescriptive nature of the proposal .

5.5e Golden Coffins/Executive Death Benefits

Generally vote FOR proposals calling companies to adopt a policy of obtaining shareholder approval for any future agreements and corporate policies that could oblige the company to make payments or awards following the death of a senior executive in the form of unearned salary or bonuses, accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites and other payments or awards made in lieu of compensation. This would not apply to any benefit programs or equity plan proposals for which the broad-based employee population is eligible.

5.5f Hold Equity Past Retirement or for a Significant Period of Time

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to adopt policies requiring senior executive officers to retain a portion of the net shares acquired through compensation plans. The following factors will be taken into account:

The percentage /ratio of net shares required to be retained;

The time period required to retain the shares;

Whether the company has equity retention, holding period, and/or stock ownership requirements in place and the robustness of such requirements;

Whether the company has any other policies aimed at mitigating risk taking by executives;

Executives’ actual stock ownership and the degree to which it meets or exceeds the proponent’s suggested holding period/retention ratio or the company’s existing requirements; and

Problematic pay practices, current and past, which may demonstrate a short-term versus long-term focus.

5.5g Non-Deductible Compensation

Generally vote FOR proposals seeking disclosure of the extent to which the company paid non-deductible compensation to senior executives due to Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m), while considering the company’s existing disclosure practices.


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5.5h Pay Disparity

Generally vote against proposals calling for the company to use the pay disparity analysis or pay ratio in a specific way to set or limit executive pay.

5.5i Pay for Performance

Performance-Based Awards

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals requesting that a significant amount of future long-term incentive compensation awarded to senior executives shall be performance-based and requesting that the board adopt and disclose challenging performance metrics to shareholders, based on the following analytical steps:

First, generally vote FOR shareholder proposals advocating the use of performance-based equity awards, such as performance contingent options or restricted stock, indexed options or premium-priced options, unless the proposal is overly restrictive or if the company has demonstrated that it is using a “substantial” portion of performance-based awards for its top executives. Standard stock options and performance-accelerated awards do not meet the criteria to be considered as performance-based awards. Further, premium-priced options should have a premium of at least 25 percent and higher to be considered performance-based awards.

Second, assess the rigor of the company’s performance-based equity program. If the bar set for the performance-based program is too low based on the company’s historical or peer group comparison, generally vote FOR the proposal. Furthermore, if target performance results in an above target payout, vote FOR the shareholder proposal due to program’s poor design. If the company does not disclose the performance metric of the performance-based equity program, vote FOR the shareholder proposal regardless of the outcome of the first step to the test.

In general, vote FOR the shareholder proposal if the company does not meet both of the above two steps.

Pay for Superior Performance

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals requesting that the board establish a pay-for-superior performance standard in the company’s executive compensation plan for senior executives. These proposals generally include the following principles:

Set compensation targets for the plan’s annual and long-term incentive pay components at or below the peer group median;

Deliver a majority of the plan’s target long-term compensation through performance-vested, not simply time-vested, equity awards;

Provide the strategic rationale and relative weightings of the financial and non-financial performance metrics or criteria used in the annual and performance-vested long-term incentive components of the plan;

Establish performance targets for each plan financial metric relative to the performance of the company’s peer companies;

Limit payment under the annual and performance-vested long-term incentive components of the plan to when the company’s performance on its selected financial performance metrics exceeds peer group median performance.

Consider the following factors in evaluating this proposal:

What aspects of the company’s annual and long-term equity incentive programs are performance driven?

If the annual and long-term equity incentive programs are performance driven, are the performance criteria and hurdle rates disclosed to shareholders or are they benchmarked against a disclosed peer group?


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Can shareholders assess the correlation between pay and performance based on the current disclosure?

What type of industry and stage of business cycle does the company belong to?

5.5j Pre-Arranged Trading Plans (10b5-1 Plans)

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for certain principles regarding the use of prearranged trading plans (10b5-1 plans) for executives. These principles include:

Adoption, amendment, or termination of a 10b5-1 Plan must be disclosed within two business days in a Form 8-K;

Amendment or early termination of a 10b5-1 Plan is allowed only under extraordinary circumstances, as determined by the board;

Ninety days must elapse between adoption or amendment of a 10b5-1 Plan and initial trading under the plan;

Reports on Form 4 must identify transactions made pursuant to a 10b5-1 Plan;

An executive may not trade in company stock outside the 10b5-1 Plan.

Trades under a 10b5-1 Plan must be handled by a broker who does not handle other securities transactions for the executive.

5.5k Prohibit CEOs from Serving on Compensation Committees

Generally vote AGAINST proposals seeking a policy to prohibit any outside CEO from serving on a company’s compensation committee, unless the company has demonstrated problematic pay practices that raise concerns about the performance and composition of the committee.

5.5l Recoupment of Incentive or Stock Compensation in Specified Circumstances

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to recoup incentive cash or stock compensation made to senior executives if it is later determined that the figures upon which incentive compensation is earned turn out to have been in error or if senior executive has breached company policy or has engaged in misconduct that may be significantly detrimental to the company’s financial position or reputation, or if the senior executive failed to manage or monitor risks that subsequently led to significant financial or reputational harm to the company. Many companies have adopted policies that permit recoupment in cases where an executive’s fraud, misconduct, or negligence significantly contributed to a restatement of financial results that led to the awarding of unearned incentive compensation. However, such policies may be narrow given that not all misconduct or negligence may result in significant financial restatements. Misconduct, negligence or lack of sufficient oversight by senior executives may lead to significant financial loss or reputational damage that may have long-lasting impact.

In considering whether to support such shareholder proposals, the following factors will be taken into consideration:

If the company has adopted a formal recoupment bonus policy;

The rigor of the recoupment policy focusing on how and under what circumstances the company may recoup incentive or stock compensation;

If the company has chronic restatement history or material financial problems; or

If the company’s policy substantially addresses the concerns raised by the proponent;

Disclosure of recoupment of incentive or stock compensation from senior executives or lack thereof; or

Any other relevant factors.


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5.5m Severance Agreements for Executives/Golden Parachutes

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that golden parachutes or executive severance agreements be submitted for shareholder ratification, unless the proposal requires shareholder approval prior to entering into employment contracts.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to ratify or cancel golden parachutes. An acceptable parachute should include, but is not limited to, the following:

The triggering mechanism should be beyond the control of management;

The amount should not exceed three times base amount (defined as the average annual taxable W-2 compensation during the five years prior to the year in which the change of control occurs);

Change-in-control payments should be double-triggered, i.e., (1) after a change in control has taken place, and (2) termination of the executive as a result of the change in control. Change in control is defined as a change in the company ownership structure.

5.5n Share Buyback Holding Periods

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals prohibiting executives from selling shares of company stock during periods in which the company has announced that it may or will be repurchasing shares of its stock. Generally vote FOR the proposal when there is a pattern of abuse by executives exercising options or selling shares during periods of share buybacks.

5.5o Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERPs)

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting to put extraordinary benefits contained in SERP agreements to a shareholder vote unless the company’s executive pension plans do not contain excessive benefits beyond what is offered under employee-wide plans.

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting to limit the executive benefits provided under the company’s supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) by limiting covered compensation to a senior executive’s annual salary and excluding all incentive or bonus pay from the plan’s definition of covered compensation used to establish such benefits.

5.5p Tax Gross-Up Proposals

Generally vote FOR proposals calling for companies to adopt a policy of not providing tax gross-up payments to executives, except in situations where gross-ups are provided pursuant to a plan, policy, or arrangement applicable to management employees of the company, such as a relocation or expatriate tax equalization policy.

5.5q Termination of Employment Prior to Severance Payment/Eliminating Accelerated Vesting of Unvested Equity

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals seeking a policy requiring termination of employment prior to severance payment and/or eliminating accelerated vesting of unvested equity. The following factors will be considered:

The company’s current treatment of equity upon employment termination and/or in change-of-control situations (i.e. vesting is double triggered and/or pro rata, does it allow for the assumption of equity by acquiring company, the treatment of performance shares, etc.);

Current employment agreements, including potential poor pay practices such as gross-ups embedded in those agreements.


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Generally vote FOR proposals seeking a policy that prohibits automatic acceleration of the vesting of equity awards to senior executives upon a voluntary termination of employment or in the event of a change in control (except for pro rata vesting considering the time elapsed and attainment of any related performance goals between the award date and the change in control).

6. Social/Environmental Issues

6.1 Global Approach

Issues covered under the policy include a wide range of topics, including consumer and product safety, environment and energy, labor standards and human rights, workplace and board diversity and corporate political issues. While a variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principle guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal may enhance or protect shareholder value in either the short term or long term.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE, taking into consideration whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value, and in addition the following will also be considered:

If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation;

If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal;

Whether the proposal’s request is unduly burdensome (scope, timeframe, or cost) or overly prescriptive;

The company’s approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the porposal;

If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources; and

If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage.

6.2 Endorsement of Principles

Generally vote AGAINST proposals seeking a company’s endorsement of principles that support a particular public policy position. Endorsing a set of principles may require a company to take a stand on an issue that is beyond its own control and may limit its flexibility with respect to future developments. Management and the board should be afforded the flexibility to make decisions on specific public policy positions based on their own assessment of the most beneficial strategies for the company.

6.3 Animal Welfare

6.3a Animal Welfare Policies

Generally vote FOR proposals seeking a report on the company’s animal welfare standards unless:

The company has already published a set of animal welfare standards and monitors compliance;

The company’s standards are comparable to industry peers; and

There are no recent, significant fines or litigation or controversies related to the company’s and/or its suppliers’ treatment of animals.


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6.3b Animal Testing

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to phase out the use of animals in product testing unless:

The company is conducting animal testing programs that are unnecessary or not required by regulation;

The company is conducting animal testing when suitable alternatives are commonly accepted and used at industry peers; or

There are recent, significant fines or litigation related to the company’s treatment of animals.

6.3c Animal Slaughter (Controlled Atmosphere Killing (CAK))

Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting the implementation of CAK methods at company and/or supplier operations unless such methods are required by legislation or generally accepted as the industry standard.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting a report on the feasibility of implementing CAK methods at company and/or supplier operations considering the availability of existing research conducted by the company or industry groups on this topic and any fines or litigation related to current animal processing procedures at the company.

6.4 Consumer Issues

6.4a Genetically Modified Ingredients

Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that a company voluntarily label genetically engineered (GE) ingredients in its products. Labeling of products with GE ingredients is best left to appropriate regulators/authorities.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking for a report on the feasibility of labeling products containing GE ingredients taking into account:

The potential impact of such labeling on the company’s business;

The quality of the company’s disclosure on GE product labeling, related voluntary initiatives, and how this disclosure compares with industry peer disclosure; and

Company’s current disclosure on the feasibility of GE product labeling.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals seeking a report on the social, health, and environmental effects of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Studies of this sort are better undertaken by regulators and the scientific community.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate GE ingredients from the company’s products or proposals asking for reports outlining the steps necessary to eliminate GE ingredients from the company’s products. Such decisions are more appropriately made by management with consideration of current regulation.

6.5 Reports on Potentially Controversial Business/Financial Practices

Vote CASE-BY CASE on requests for reports on the company’s potentially controversial business or financial practices or products taking into account:

Whether the company has adequately disclosed mechanisms in place to prevent abuses;

Whether the company has adequately disclosed the financial risks of the products/practices in question;

Whether the company has been subject to violations of related laws or serious controversies; and

Peer companies’ policies/practices in this area.


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6.6 Pharmaceutical Pricing, Access to Medicines, and Prescription Drugs Reimportation

Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that companies implement specific price restraints on pharmaceutical products unless the company fails to adhere to legislative guidelines or industry norms in its product pricing.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting that a company report on its product pricing or access to medicine policies, considering:

The nature of the company’s business and the potential for reputational, market and regulatory risk exposure;

The existing disclosure of relevant policies;

Deviation from established industry norms;

Relevant company initiatives to provide research and/or products to disadvantaged consumers;

Whether the proposal focuses on specific products or geographic regions;

The potential burden and scope of the requested report; and

Recent significant controversies, litigation, or fines at the company.

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting that companies report on the financial and legal impact of their prescription drug reimportation policies unless such information is already publicly disclosed.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that companies adopt specific policies to encourage or constrain prescription drug reimportation. Such matters are more appropriately the province of legislative activity and may place the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its peers.

6.7 Product Safety and Toxic/Hazardous Materials

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on its policies, initiatives/procedures, and oversight mechanisms related to toxic/hazardous materials or product safety in its supply chain, unless:

The company already discloses similar information through existing reports such as a Supplier Code of Conduct and/or a sustainability report;

The company has formally committed to the implementation of a toxic/hazardous materials and/or product safety and supply chain reporting and monitoring program based on industry norms or similar standards within a specified time frame; and

The company has not been recently involved in relevant significant controversies, fines, or litigation.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on resolutions requesting that companies develop a feasibility assessment to phase-out of certain toxic/hazardous materials, or evaluate and disclose the potential financial and legal risks associated with utilizing certain materials, considering:

The company’s current level of disclosure regarding its product safety policies, initiatives and oversight mechanisms.

Current regulations in the markets in which the company operates; and

Recent significant controversies, litigation, or fines stemming from toxic/hazardous materials at the company.

Generally vote AGAINST resolutions requiring that a company reformulate its products.

6.8 Tobacco—Related Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on resolutions regarding the advertisement of tobacco products, considering:

Recent related fines, controversies, or significant litigation;

Whether the company complies with relevant laws and regulations on the marketing of tobacco;


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Whether the company’s advertising restrictions deviate from those of industry peers;

Whether the company entered into the Master Settlement Agreement, which restricts marketing of tobacco to youth;

Whether restrictions on marketing to youth extend to foreign countries.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding second-hand smoke, considering;

Whether the company complies with all laws and regulations;

The degree that voluntary restrictions beyond those mandated by law might hurt the company’s competitiveness;

The risk of any health-related liabilities.

Generally vote AGAINST resolutions to cease production of tobacco-related products, to avoid selling products to tobacco companies, to spin-off tobacco-related businesses, or prohibit investment in tobacco equities. Such business decisions are better left to company management or portfolio managers.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals regarding tobacco product warnings. Such decisions are better left to public health authorities.

6.9 Climate Change and the Environment

Generally vote FOR resolutions requesting that a company disclose information on the impact of climate change on the company’s operations and investments such as financial, physical, or regulatory risks; considering:

Whether the company already provides current, publicly-available information on the impacts that climate change may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities;

The company’s level of disclosure is at least comparable to that of industry peers; and

There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s environmental performance.

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company operations and/or products and operations, unless:

The company already discloses current, publicly-available information on the impacts that GHG emissions may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities;

The company’s level of disclosure is comparable to that of industry peers; and

There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s GHG emissions.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from products and operations, taking into account:

Whether the company provides disclosure of year-over-year GHG emissions performance data;

Whether company disclosure lags behind industry peers;

The company’s actual GHG emissions performance;

The company’s current GHG emission policies, oversight mechanisms and related initiatives; and

Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations, fines, litigation, or controversy related to GHG emissions;


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6.10 General Environmental Proposals and Community Impact Assessments

6.10a General Environmental Proposals and Community Impact Assessments

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on requests for reports outlining policies and/or the potential (community) social and/or environmental impact of company operations considering:

Current disclosure of applicable policies and risk assessment report(s) and risk management procedures;

The impact of regulatory non-compliance, litigation, remediation, or reputational loss that may be associated with failure to manage the company’s operations in question, including the management of relevant community and stakeholder relations;

The nature, purpose, and scope of the company’s operations in the specific region(s);

The degree to which company policies and procedures are consistent with industry norms; and

The scope of the resolution.

6.10b Energy Efficiency

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a company report on its comprehensive energy efficiency policies, unless:

The company complies with applicable energy efficiency regulations and laws, and discloses its participation in energy efficiency policies and programs, including disclosure of benchmark data, targets, and performance measures; or

The proponent requests adoption of specific energy efficiency goals within specific timelines.

6.10c Hydraulic Fracturing

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting greater disclosure of a company’s (natural gas) hydraulic fracturing operations, including measures the company has taken to manage and mitigate the potential community and environmental impacts of those operations, considering:

The company’s current level of disclosure of relevant policies and oversight mechanisms;

The company’s current level of such disclosure relative to its industry peers;

Potential relevant local, state, or national regulatory developments; and

Controversies, fines, or litigation related to the company’s hydraulic fracturing operations.

6.10d Operations in Protected Areas

Generally vote FOR requests for reports on potential environmental damage as a result of company operations in protected regions unless:

Operations in the specified regions are not permitted by current laws or regulations;

The company does not currently have operations or plans to develop operations in these protected regions; or,

The company’s disclosure of its operations and environmental policies in these regions is comparable to industry peers.

6.10e Recycling

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to report on an existing recycling program, or adopt a new recycling program, taking into account:

The nature of the company’s business;


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The current level of disclosure of the company’s existing related programs;

The timetable and methods of program implementation prescribed by the proposal;

The ability of the company to address the issues raised in the proposal; and

The company’s recycling programs compared with the similar programs of its industry peers.

6.10f Renewable Energy

Generally vote FOR requests for reports on the feasibility of developing renewable energy resources unless the report is duplicative of existing disclosure or irrelevant to the company’s line of business.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that the company invest in renewable energy resources. Such decisions are best left to management’s evaluation of the feasibility and financial impact that such programs may have on the company.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that call for the adoption of renewable energy goals, taking into account:

The scope and structure of the proposal;

The company’s current level of disclosure on renewable energy use and GHG emissions; and

The company’s disclosure of policies, practices, and oversight implemented to manage GHG emissions and mitigate climate change risks.

6.11 Diversity

6.11a Board Diversity

Generally vote FOR requests for reports on the company’s efforts to diversify the board, unless:

The gender and racial minority representation of the company’s board is reasonably inclusive in relation to companies of similar size and business; and

The board already reports on its nominating procedures and gender and racial minority initiatives on the board and within the company.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking the company to increase the gender and racial minority representation on its board, taking into account:

The degree of existing gender and racial minority diversity on the company’s board and among its executive officers;

The level of gender and racial minority representation that exists at the company’s industry peers;

The company’s established process for addressing gender and racial minority board representation;

Whether the proposal includes an overly prescriptive request to amend nominating committee charter language;

The independence of the company’s nominating committee;

The company uses an outside search firm to identify potential director nominees; and

Whether the company has had recent controversies, fines, or litigation regarding equal employment practices.

6.11b Equality of Opportunity

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a company disclose its diversity policies or initiatives, or proposals requesting disclosure of a company’s comprehensive workforce diversity data, including requests for EEO-1 data, unless:


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The company publicly discloses its comprehensive equal opportunity policies and initiatives;

The company already publicly discloses comprehensive workforce diversity data; and

The company has no recent significant EEO-related violations or litigation.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals seeking information on the diversity efforts of suppliers and service providers. Such requests may pose a significant cost and administration burden on the company.

6.11c Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Domestic Partner Benefits

Generally vote FOR proposals seeking to amend a company’s EEO statement or diversity policies to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity, unless the change would result in excessive costs for the company.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to extend company benefits to, or eliminate benefits from domestic partners. Decisions regarding benefits should be left to the discretion of the company.

6.12 General Corporate Issues

6.12a Charitable Contributions

Generally vote AGAINST proposals restricting the company from making charitable contributions. Charitable contributions are generally useful for assisting worthwhile causes and for creating goodwill in the community. In the absence of bad faith, self-dealing, or gross negligence, management should determine which, and if, contributions are in the best interests of the company.

6.12b Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Compensation-Related Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to link, or report on linking, executive compensation to sustainability (environmental and social) criteria. The following factors will be considered:

The scope and prescriptive nature of the proposal;

Whether the company has significant and/or persistent controversies or regulatory violations regarding social and/or environmental issues;

Whether the company has management systems and oversight mechanisms in place regarding its social and environmental performance;

The degree to which industry peers have incorporated similar non-financial performance criteria in their executive compensation practices; and

The company‘s current level of disclosure regarding its environmental and social performance.

6.12c Political Spending & Lobbying Activities

Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking the company to affirm political nonpartisanship in the workplace so long as:

There are no recent, significant controversies, fines or litigation regarding the company’s political contributions or trade association spending; and

The company has procedures in place to ensure that employee contributions to company-sponsored political action committees (PACs) are strictly voluntary and prohibit coercion.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to publish in newspapers and other media the company’s political contributions. Such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing commensurate value to shareholders.


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Generally vote FOR proposals requesting greater disclosure of a company’s political contributions and trade association spending policies and activities. However the following will be considered:

The company’s policies, and management and board oversight related to its direct political contributions and payments to trade associations or other groups that may be used for political purposes;

The company’s disclosure regarding its support of, and participation in, trade associations or other groups that may make political contributions; and

Recent significant controversies, fines, or litigation related to the company’s political contributions or political activities.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals barring the company from making political contributions. Businesses are affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level; barring political contributions can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking for a list of company executives, directors, consultants, legal counsels, lobbyists, or investment bankers that have prior government service and whether such service had a bearing on the business of the company. Such a list would be burdensome to prepare without providing any meaningful information to shareholders.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting information on a company’s lobbying (including direct, indirect, and grassroots lobbying) activities, policies, or procedures, considering:

The company’s current disclosure of relevant lobbying policies, and management and board oversight;

The company’s disclosure regarding trade associations or other groups that it supports, or is a member of, that engage in lobbying activities; and

Recent significant controversies, fines, or litigation regarding the company’s lobbying-related activities.

6.13 International Issues, Labor Issues, and Human Rights

6.13a Human Rights Proposals

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on company or company supplier labor and/or human rights standards and policies unless such information is already publicly disclosed.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to implement company or company supplier labor and/or human rights standards and policies, considering:

The degree to which existing relevant policies and practices are disclosed;

Whether or not existing relevant policies are consistent with internationally recognized standards;

Whether company facilities and those of its suppliers are monitored and how;

Company participation in fair labor organizations or other internationally recognized human rights initiatives;

Scope and nature of business conducted in markets known to have higher risk of workplace labor/human rights abuse;

Recent, significant company controversies, fines, or litigation regarding human rights at the company or its suppliers;

The scope of the request; and

Deviation from industry sector peer company standards and practices.


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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting that a company conduct an assessment of the human rights risks in its operations or in its supply chain, or report on its human rights risk assessment process, considering:

The degree to which existing relevant policies and practices are disclosed, including information on the implementation of these policies and any related oversight mechanisms;

The company’s industry and whether the company or its suppliers operate in countries or areas where there is a history of human rights concerns;

Recent, significant controversies, fines, or litigation regarding human rights involving the company or its suppliers, and whether the company has taken remedial steps; and

Whether the proposal is unduly burdensome or overly prescriptive.

6.13b Data Security, Privacy and Internet Issues

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on resolutions requesting the disclosure and implementation of Internet privacy and censorship policies and procedures considering:

The level of disclosure of company policies and procedures relating to data security, privacy, freedom of speech, information access and management, and internet censorship;

Engagement in dialogue with governments and/or relevant groups with respect to the data security, privacy, or the free flow of information on the internet;

The scope of business involvement and of investment in markets that maintain government censorship or monitoring of the Internet;

The applicable market-specific laws or regulations that may be imposed on the company; and,

The level of controversy, fines or litigation related to data security, privacy, freedom of speech or Internet censorship.

6.13c Operations in High Risk Markets

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on requests for a report on a company’s potential financial and reputational risks associated with operations in “high-risk” markets, such as a terrorism-sponsoring state or politically/socially unstable region, taking into account:

The nature, purpose, and scope of the operations and business involved that could be affected by social or political disruption;

Current disclosure of applicable risk assessment(s) and risk management procedures;

Compliance with U.S. sanctions and laws;

Consideration of other international policies, standards, and laws; and

Whether the company has been recently involved in recent, significant controversies, fines or litigation related to its operations in “high-risk” markets.

6.13d Outsourcing/Offshoring

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals calling for companies to report on the risks associated with outsourcing/plant closures, considering:

Controversies surrounding operations in the relevant market(s);

The value of the requested report to shareholders;

The company’s current level of disclosure of relevant information on outsourcing and plant closure procedures; and

The company’s existing human rights standards relative to industry peers.


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6.13e Workplace Safety

Vote CASE-BY CASE on requests for workplace safety reports, including reports on accident risk reduction efforts, taking into account:

The current level of company disclosure of its workplace health and safety performance data, health and safety management policies, initiatives, and oversight mechanisms;

The nature of the company’s business, specifically regarding company and employee exposure to health and safety risks;

Recent significant controversies, fines, or violations related to workplace health and safety; and

The company’s workplace health and safety performance relative to industry peers.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on resolutions that a company report on safety and/or security risks associated with its operations and/or facilities, considering:

The company’s compliance with applicable regulations and guidelines;

The company’s current level of disclosure regarding its security and safety policies, procedures, and compliance monitoring; and

The existence of recent, significant violations, fines, or controversy regarding the safety and security of the company’s operations and/or facilities.

6.13f Weapons and Military Sales

Foreign Military Sales/Offsets

Generally vote AGAINST reports on foreign military sales or offsets. Such disclosures may involve sensitive and confidential information. Moreover, companies must comply with government controls and reporting on foreign military sales.

Nuclear and Depleted Uranium Weapons

Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking a company to cease production or report on the risks associated with the use of depleted uranium munitions or nuclear weapons components and delivery systems, including disengaging from current and proposed contracts. Such contracts are monitored by government agencies, serve multiple military and non-military uses, and withdrawal from these contracts could have a negative impact on the company’s business.

6.14 Sustainability

6.14a Sustainability Reporting

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on its policies, initiatives, and oversight mechanisms related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless:

The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or policies such as an Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) report; a comprehensive Code of Corporate Conduct; and/or a Diversity Report; or

The company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting program based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within a specified time frame.


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6.15 Water Issues

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting that a company report on, or adopt a new policy on, water-related risks and concerns, taking into account:

The company’s current disclosure of relevant policies, initiatives, oversight mechanisms, and water usage metrics;

Whether or not the company’s existing water-related policies and practices are consistent with relevant internationally recognized standards and national/local regulations;

The potential financial impact or risk to the company associated with water-related concerns or issues; and

Recent, significant company controversies, fines, or litigation regarding water use by the company and its suppliers.

7. Mutual Fund Proxies

7.1 Election of Directors

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors and trustees, following the same guidelines for uncontested directors for public company shareholder meetings. However, mutual fund boards do not usually have compensation committees, so do not withhold for the lack of this committee.

7.2 Converting Closed-end Fund to Open-end Fund

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on conversion proposals, considering the following factors:

Past performance as a closed-end fund;

Market in which the fund invests;

Measures taken by the board to address the discount; and

Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals.

7.3 Proxy Contests

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proxy contests, considering the following factors:

Past performance relative to its peers;

Market in which fund invests;

Measures taken by the board to address the issues;

Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals;

Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents;

Independence of directors;

Experience and skills of director candidates;

Governance profile of the company;

Evidence of management entrenchment.

7.4 Investment Advisory Agreements

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on investment advisory agreements, considering the following factors:

Proposed and current fee schedules;

Fund category/investment objective;


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Performance benchmarks;

Share price performance as compared with peers;

Resulting fees relative to peers;

Assignments (where the advisor undergoes a change of control).

7.5 Approving New Classes or Series of Shares

Generally vote FOR the establishment of new classes or series of shares.

7.6 Preferred Stock Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the authorization for or increase in preferred shares, considering the following factors:

Stated specific financing purpose;

Possible dilution for common shares;

Whether the shares can be used for antitakeover purposes.

7.7 1940 Act Policies

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on policies under the Investment Advisor Act of 1940, considering the following factors:

Potential competitiveness;

Regulatory developments;

Current and potential returns; and

Current and potential risk.

Generally vote FOR these amendments as long as the proposed changes do not fundamentally alter the investment focus of the fund and do comply with the current SEC interpretation.

7.8 Changing a Fundamental Restriction to a Nonfundamental Restriction

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to change a fundamental restriction to a non-fundamental restriction, considering the following factors:

The fund’s target investments;

The reasons given by the fund for the change; and

The projected impact of the change on the portfolio.

7.9 Change Fundamental Investment Objective to Nonfundamental

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to change a fund’s fundamental investment objective to non-fundamental.

7.10 Name Change Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on name change proposals, considering the following factors:

Political/economic changes in the target market;

Consolidation in the target market; and

Current asset composition.

7.11 Change in Fund’s Subclassification

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on changes in a fund’s sub-classification, considering the following factors:


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Potential competitiveness;

Current and potential returns;

Risk of concentration;

Consolidation in target industry.

7.12 Business Development Companies–Authorization to Sell Shares of Common Stock at a Price below Net Asset Value

Generally vote FOR proposals authorizing the board to issue shares below Net Asset Value (NAV) if:

The proposal to allow share issuances below NAV has an expiration date no more than one year from the date shareholders approve the underlying proposal, as required under the Investment Company Act of 1940;

The sale is deemed to be in the best interests of shareholders by (1) a majority of the company’s independent directors and (2) a majority of the company’s directors who have no financial interest in the issuance; and

The company has demonstrated responsible past use of share issuances by either:

Outperforming peers in its 8-digit GICS group as measured by one- and three-year median TSRs; or

Providing disclosure that its past share issuances were priced at levels that resulted in only small or moderate discounts to NAV and economic dilution to existing non-participating shareholders.

7.13 Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to dispose of assets, to terminate or liquidate, considering the following factors:

Strategies employed to salvage the company;

The fund’s past performance;

The terms of the liquidation.

7.14 Changes to the Charter Document

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on changes to the charter document, considering the following factors:

The degree of change implied by the proposal;

The efficiencies that could result;

The state of incorporation;

Regulatory standards and implications.

Generally vote AGAINST any of the following changes:

Removal of shareholder approval requirement to reorganize or terminate the trust or any of its series;

Removal of shareholder approval requirement for amendments to the new declaration of trust;

Removal of shareholder approval requirement to amend the fund’s management contract, allowing the contract to be modified by the investment manager and the trust management, as permitted by the 1940 Act;

Allow the trustees to impose other fees in addition to sales charges on investment in a fund, such as deferred sales charges and redemption fees that may be imposed upon redemption of a fund’s shares;

Removal of shareholder approval requirement to engage in and terminate subadvisory arrangements;

Removal of shareholder approval requirement to change the domicile of the fund.

7.15 Changing the Domicile of a Fund

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on re-incorporations, considering the following factors:


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Regulations of both states;

Required fundamental policies of both states;

The increased flexibility available.

7.16 Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisers Without Shareholder Approval

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals authorizing the board to hire or terminate subadvisors without shareholder approval after considering appropriate factors in connection therewith.

7.17 Distribution Agreements

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on distribution agreement proposals, considering the following factors:

Fees charged to comparably sized funds with similar objectives;

The proposed distributor’s reputation and past performance;

The competitiveness of the fund in the industry;

The terms of the agreement.

7.18 Master-Feeder Structure

Generally vote FOR the establishment of a master-feeder structure.

7.19 Mergers

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on merger proposals, considering the following factors:

Resulting fee structure;

Performance of both funds;

Continuity of management personnel;

Changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights.

7.20 Shareholder Proposals for Mutual Funds

7.20a Establish Director Ownership Requirement

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a specific minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board.

7.20b Reimburse Shareholder for Expenses Incurred

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses.

When supporting the dissidents, generally vote FOR the reimbursement of the proxy solicitation expenses.

7.20c Terminate the Investment Advisor

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to terminate the investment advisor, considering the following factors:

Performance of the fund’s Net Asset Value (NAV);

The fund’s history of shareholder relations;

The performance of other funds under the advisor’s management.


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European Portfolio Securities Voting Issues

European Policy applies to Member States of the European Union (EU) or the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), with the exception of the United Kingdom and Ireland, which are subject to separate policies available on request.

Specifically, the European Policy applies to companies incorporated in the following territories: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, the Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, and Switzerland.

This approach is not “one-size-fits-all” and takes relevant market-specific factors into account. Therefore this document distinguishes in various places between different markets and on the basis of other differentiating factors. These distinctions are based on different market practices and best practice recommendations throughout Europe.

Operational Items

Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports

Generally vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:

There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or

The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should be publicly disclosed.

Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees

Generally vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors and/or proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees, unless:

There are serious concerns about the procedures used by the auditor;

There is reason to believe that the auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position;

External auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company;

Name of the proposed auditors has not been published;

The auditors are being changed without explanation; or

For widely-held companies, fees for non-audit services exceed either 100 percent of standard audit-related fees or any stricter limit set in local best practice recommendations or law.

In circumstances where fees for non-audit services include fees related to significant one-time capital structure events: initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergence, and spinoffs; and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees which are an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit fees.

For concerns relating to the audit procedures, independence of auditors, and/or name of auditors, focus on the auditor election. For concerns relating to fees paid to the auditors, focus on remuneration of auditors if this is a separate voting item, otherwise focus on the auditor election.

Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors

Generally vote FOR the appointment or reelection of statutory auditors, unless:


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There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures used; or

Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or

The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.

Allocation of Income

Generally vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:

The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation; or

The payout is excessive given the company’s financial position.

Amendments to Articles of Association

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on amendments to the articles of association.

Change in Company Fiscal Term

Generally vote FOR resolutions to change a company’s fiscal term unless a company’s motivation for the change is to postpone its AGM.

Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership

Generally vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.

Amend Quorum Requirements

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings.

Transact Other Business

Generally vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Non-Contested Director Elections

Generally vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:

Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner;

There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements;

There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest;

There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests;

The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards;

There are specific concerns about the individual, such as criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities; and

Repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained (in countries where this information is disclosed).

Generally vote AGAINST director nominee due to concerns related to at least one of the following specific factors, which are presented below as separate subsections:

Director Terms

Bundling of Proposals to Elect Directors


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Board independence

Disclosure of Names of Nominees

Combined Chairman/CEO

Election of a Former CEO as Chairman of the Board

Overboarded Directors

Voto di Lista (Italy)

One Board Seat per Director

Composition of Committees

Composition Nominating Committee (Sweden and Norway)

Election of Censors (France)

Director Terms

For Belgium, France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland, generally vote AGAINST the election or re-election of any director when his/her term is not disclosed or when it exceeds four years and adequate explanation for non-compliance has not been provided. In these markets, the maximum board terms are either recommended best practice or required by legislation. Under best practice recommendations, companies should shorten the terms for directors when the terms exceed the limits suggested by best practices. The policy will be applied to all companies in these markets, for bundled as well as unbundled items.

Bundling of Proposal to Elect Directors

Bundling together proposals that could be presented as separate voting items is not considered good market practice, because bundled resolutions leave shareholders with an all-or-nothing choice, skewing power disproportionately towards the board and away from shareholders. As director elections are one of the most important voting decisions that shareholders make, directors should be elected individually.

For the markets of Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain generally vote AGAINST the election or reelection of any directors if individual director elections are an established market practice and the company proposes a single slate of directors.

Board Independence

The following policies would be applied to all widely held companies4, unless there is a majority shareholder:

For all markets (except Greece or Portugal), generally vote AGAINST the election or reelection of any non-independent directors (excluding the CEO) if:

Fewer than 50 percent of the board members elected by shareholders excluding, where relevant employee shareholder representatives would be independent, or

Fewer than one-third of all board members, including those who, in accordance with local law(s) requiring their mandatory board membership, are not elected by shareholders, would be independent.

  

 

4 Widely held companies are generally interpreted as:
    Generally, based on their membership in a major index;
    For Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Luxembourg: based on local blue chip market index and/or MSCI EAFE companies;
    For Portugal, based on their membership in the PSI-20 and/or MSCI-EAFE index.


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In Italy, at least half of the board should be independent (50 percent). Issuers with a controlling shareholder will be required to have a board consisting of at least one-third independent members (33 percent). This applies to individual director appointments (co-options). In the case of complete board renewals that are regulated by the Italian slate system (“voto di lista”), board independence will be one of the factors for determining which list of nominees we consider best suited to add value for shareholders based, as applicable, on European policies.

For companies incorporated in Portugal or Greece, at least one-third of the board will be required to be independent. Generally vote AGAINST the entire slate of candidates (in the case of bundled elections), or a vote against the election of any non-independent directors (in the case of unbundled elections) if board independence level does not meet the minimum recommended one-third threshold.

For companies with a majority shareholder (excluding Italy and Portugal):

Generally vote AGAINST the election or reelection of any non-independent directors (excluding the CEO) if the level of independence on the board will be lower than minority shareholders’ percentage of equity ownership, or, in any case, if the board will be less than one-third independent (whichever is higher).

Minority shareholders’ ownership percentage is calculated by subtracting the majority shareholder’s equity ownership percentage from 100 percent. Majority control is defined in terms of economic interest and not voting rights, and is considered to be any shareholder or group of shareholders acting collectively that control at least 50 percent + 1 share of the company’s equity capital. This independence threshold is applied to controlled widely held companies or main index-listed/MSCI-EAFE member companies which would otherwise fall under a 50-percent independence guideline as described in the Board Independence Policy.

However, in markets where the local corporate governance code addresses board independence at controlled companies, generally vote AGAINST the election or reelection of any non-independent directors (excluding the CEO) if the level of independence on the board is lower than the local code recommendation, but in any case, if the level of board independence will be less than one-third.

Disclosure of Names of Nominees

Generally vote AGAINST the election or reelection of any and all director nominees when the names of the nominees are not available at the time the proxy analysis is being written. This policy will be applied to all companies in these markets, for bundled and unbundled items.

Combined Chairman/CEO

Generally vote AGAINST (re)election of combined chair/CEOs at widely held European companies. However, when the company provides assurance that the chair/CEO would only serve in the combined role on an interim basis (no more than two years), with the intent of separating the roles within a given time frame, considerations should be given to these exceptional circumstances. In this respect, generally vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

This policy will be applied to all widely held European companies that propose the (re)election of a combined chair/CEO to the board, including cases where the chair/CEO is included in an election by slate.

Election of a Former CEO as Chairman of the Board

Generally vote AGAINST the election or reelection of a former CEO as chairman to the supervisory board or board of directors at widely held companies in Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands. In markets such as Germany, where the general meeting only elects the nominees and, subsequently, the new board’s chairman, generally vote AGAINST the election or reelection of a former CEO, unless the company has publicly confirmed prior to the general meeting that he will not proceed to become chairman of the board.


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Considerations should be given to any of the following exceptional circumstances on a CASE-BY-CASE basis if:

There are compelling reasons that justify the election or reelection of a former CEO as chairman; or

The former CEO is proposed to become the board’s chairman only on an interim or temporary basis; or

The former CEO is proposed to be elected as the board’s chairman for the first time after a reasonable cooling-off period; or

Overboarded Directors    

In Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland, at widely held companies, generally vote AGAINST a candidate when s/he holds an excessive number of board appointments, as referenced by the more stringent of the provisions prescribed in local law or best practice governance codes, or as defined by the following guidelines:

Directors who hold more than five non-chair non-executive director positions.

A non-executive chairman who, in addition to this role, holds (i) more than three non-chair non-executive director positions, (ii) more than one other non-executive chair position and one non-chair non-executive director position, or (iii) any executive position.

Executive directors or those in comparable roles holding (i) more than two non-chair non-executive director positions, (ii) any other executive positions, or (iii) any non-executive chair position.

An adverse vote recommendation will not be applied to a director within a company where he/she serves as CEO; instead, any adverse vote recommendations will be applied to his/her additional seats on other company boards. The same is also valid for non-executive chairman, except (i) where they exclusively hold other non-executive chair and/or executive positions or (ii) where they are elected as non-executive chairman for the first time.

We will take into account board positions held in global publicly listed companies outside the same group, defined as a group of companies in which a common parent company controls at least 50 percent + 1 share of equity capital, alone or in concert.

For directors standing for (re)election at French companies, we will take into account board appointments as censors in French publicly listed companies.

Executive directors or those in comparable roles within investment holding companies will generally be treated similar to non-executive directors when applying this policy.

Voto di Lista (Italy)

In Italy, director elections generally take place through the voto di lista mechanism (similar to slate elections). Since the Italian implementation of the European Shareholder Rights Directive (effective since Nov. 1, 2010), issuers must publish the various lists 21 days in advance of the meeting.

Since shareholders only have the option to support one such list, where lists are published in sufficient time, generally vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, determining which list of nominees it considers is best suited to add value for shareholders based, as applicable, on European policies for Director Elections and for Contested Director Elections.

Those companies that are excluded from the provisions of the European Shareholder Rights Directive publish lists of nominees 10 days before the meeting. In the case where nominees are not published in sufficient time, generally vote AGAINST the director elections before the lists of director nominees are disclosed.


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One Board Seat per Director

In cases where a director holds more than one board seat on a single board and the corresponding votes, manifested as one seat as a physical person plus an additional seat(s) as a representative of a legal entity, generally vote AGAINST the election/reelection of such legal entities and in favor of the physical person.

However, an exception is made if the representative of the legal entity holds the position of CEO. In such circumstances, generally vote FOR the legal entity and AGAINST the election/reelection of the physical person.

Composition of Committees

In Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland, generally vote AGAINST the (re)election of executives who serve on the company’s audit or remuneration committee.

For Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, generally vote AGAINST the (re)election of non-independent members of the audit committee and/or the remuneration committee if their (re)election would lead to a non-independent majority on the respective committee.

Composition Nomination Committee (Sweden, Norway, and Finland)

Generally vote FOR proposals in Sweden, Norway, and Finland to elect or appoint a nominating committee consisting mainly of non-board members.

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for disclosure of the names of the proposed candidates at the meeting, as well as the inclusion of a representative of minority shareholders in the committee.

The above policy notwithstanding, generally vote AGAINST proposals in Sweden to elect or appoint such a committee if the company is on the MSCI-EAFE or local main index and the following conditions exist:

1. A member of the executive management would be a member of the committee;

2. More than one board member who is dependent on a major shareholder would be on the committee; or

3. The chair of the board would also be the chair of the committee.

In cases where the principles for the establishment of the nominating committee, rather than the election of the committee itself, are being voted on, generally vote AGAINST the adoption of the principles if any of the above conditions are met for the current committee, and there is no publicly available information indicating that this would no longer be the case for the new nominating committee.

Election of Censors (France)

For widely held companies, generally vote AGAINST proposals seeking shareholder approval to elect a censor, to amend bylaws to authorize the appointment of censors, or to extend the maximum number of censors to the board. However, vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis when the company provides assurance that the censor would serve on a short-term basis (maximum one year) with the intent to retain the nominee before his/her election as director. In this case, consideration shall also be given to the nominee’s situation (notably overboarding or other factors of concern).

In consideration of the principle that censors should be appointed on a short-term basis, generally vote AGAINST any proposal to renew the term of a censor or to extend the statutory term of censors.


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Contested Director Elections

For contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, generally vote on a CASE-By-CASE basis, determining which directors are considered best suited to add value for shareholders.

The analysis will generally be based on, but not limited to, the following major decision factors:

Company performance relative to its peers;

Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents;

Independence of directors/nominees;

Experience and skills of board candidates;

Governance profile of the company;

Evidence of management entrenchment;

Responsiveness to shareholders;

Whether a takeover offer has been rebuffed;

Whether minority or majority representation is being sought.

Voting on Directors for Egregious Actions

Under extraordinary circumstances, generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors individually, on a committee, or the entire board, due to:

Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;

Failure to replace management as appropriate; or

Egregious actions related to the director(s)’service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.

Committee of Representatives and Corporate Assembly Elections (Denmark and Norway)

For Norwegian and Danish companies where shareholders vote on elections for members of the corporate assembly or committee of representatives, but not directly on the board of directors, generally vote CASE-BY-CASE on corporate assembly and committee of representative elections based on the board of directors’ compliance with director election policy.

Discharge of Directors

Generally vote FOR the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or supervisory board, unless there is reliable information about significant and compelling concerns that the board is not fulfilling its fiduciary duties, warranted on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, by:

A lack of oversight or actions by board members which invoke shareholder distrust related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or company interest rather than in shareholder interest;

Any legal issues (e.g. civil/criminal) aiming to hold the board responsible for breach of trust in the past or related to currently alleged action yet to be confirmed (and not only in the fiscal year in question) such as price fixing, insider trading, bribery, fraud, and other illegal actions;

Other egregious governance issues where shareholders will bring legal action against the company or its directors.


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Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify external auditors.

Board Structure

Generally vote FOR routine proposals to fix board size.

Generally vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and/or mandatory retirement ages for directors.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the company or the board.

CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Capital Systems

European capital systems can be broadly defined as either authorized or conditional. Both systems provide companies with the means to finance business activities, but they are considerably different in structure. Which system is used by a company is determined by the economic and legal structure of the market in which it operates. However, many capital systems display slight variations on the two systems, and some systems bear features from both systems, if only on a cosmetic level.

Under the conditional capital system, companies seek authorizations for pools of capital, which typically have fixed periods of availability. For example, if a company seeks to establish a pool of capital for general issuance purposes, it requests the creation of a certain number of shares with or without preemptive rights, issuable piecemeal at the discretion of the board, generally for a fixed period of time. This type of authority would be used to carry out a general rights issue or small issuances without preemptive rights.

The authorized capital system sets a limit in a company’s articles on the total number of shares that can be issued by the company’s board. The system allows companies to issue shares from this preapproved limit, although in many markets shareholder approval must be obtained prior to an issuance. Companies also request shareholder approval for increases in authorization when the amount of shares contained in the articles is inadequate for issuance authorities.

Share Issuance Requests

General Issuances

Generally vote FOR issuance authorities with pre-emptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued capital and as long as the share issuance authorities’ periods are clearly disclosed (or implied by the application of a legal maximum duration) and in line with market-specific practices and/or recommended guidelines (e.g. issuance periods limited to 18 months for the Netherlands).

Generally vote FOR issuance authorities without pre-emptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent (or a lower limit if local market best practice recommendations provide) of currently issued capital as long as the share issuance authorities’ periods are clearly disclosed (or implied by the application of a legal maximum duration) and in line with market-specific practices and/or recommended guidelines (e.g. issuance periods limited to 18 months for the Netherlands).


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For French companies:

Generally vote FOR general issuance requests with preemptive rights, or without preemptive rights but with a binding “priority right,” for a maximum of 50 percent over currently issued capital.

Generally vote FOR general authorities to issue shares without preemptive rights up to a maximum of 10 percent of share capital.

Specific Issuances

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.

Increases in Authorized Capital

Generally vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding.

Generally vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:

The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does not meet the guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or

The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.

Reduction of Capital

Generally vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are unfavorable to shareholders.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring.

Capital Structures

Generally vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain, or convert to, a one-share, one-vote capital structure.

Generally vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual-class capital structures or the creation of new or additional super voting shares.

Florange Act- Double Voting Rights (France)

For French companies that:

Did not have a bylaw allowing for double voting rights before the enactment of the Law of 29 March 2014 (Florange Act); and

Do not currently have a bylaw prohibiting double-voting rights; and either

Do not have on their ballot for shareholder approval a bylaw amendment to prohibit double-voting, submitted by either management or shareholders; or

Have not made a public commitment to submit such a bylaw amendment to shareholder vote before April 3, 2016;

Then, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, we may recommend against the following types of proposals:


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The reelection of directors or supervisory board members; or

The approval of the discharge of directors; or

If neither reelection of directors/supervisory board members nor approval of discharge is considered appropriate, then the approval of the annual report and accounts.

Preferred Stock

Generally vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the rights of existing shareholders.

Generally vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Generally vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting rights to the common shares.

Generally vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations.

Debt Issuance Requests

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis non-convertible debt issuance requests, with or without pre-emptive rights.

Generally vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Generally vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.

Pledging of Assets for Debt

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt.

Increase in Borrowing Powers

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to approve increases in a company’s borrowing powers.

Share Repurchase Plans

Generally vote FOR market repurchase authorities (share repurchase programs) if the terms comply with the following criteria:

A repurchase limit of up to 10 percent of outstanding issued share capital;

A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

Duration of no more than 5 years, or such lower threshold as may be set by applicable law, regulation, or code of governance best practice.

Authorities to repurchase shares in excess of the 10 percent repurchase limit will be assessed on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Such share repurchase authorities under special circumstances, which are required to be publicly


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disclosed by the company, provided that, on balance, the proposal is in shareholders’ interests. In such cases, the authority must comply with the following criteria:

A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”);, and

Duration of no more than 18 months.

In markets where it is normal practice not to provide a repurchase limit, the proposal will be evaluated based on the company’s historical practice.

In addition, generally vote AGAINST any proposal where:

The repurchase can be used for takeover defenses;

There is clear evidence of abuse;

There is no safeguard against selective buybacks;

Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market practice.

Market-Specific Exceptions

For Italy and Germany, generally vote FOR share-repurchase plans and share reissuance plans that would use call and put options if the following criteria are met:

The duration of the authorization is limited in time to no more than 18 months;

The total number of shares covered by the authorization is disclosed;

The number of shares that would be purchased with call options and/or sold with put options is limited to a maximum of 5 percent of currently outstanding capital (or half of the total amounts allowed by law in Italy and Germany);

A financial institution, with experience conducting sophisticated transactions, is indicated as the party responsible for the trading; and

The company has a clean track record regarding repurchases.

Reissuance of Repurchased Shares

Generally vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this authority in the past.

Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value

Generally vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.

COMPENSATION

Compensation Guidelines

Executive compensation-related proposals

Generally Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis management proposals seeking ratification of a company’s executive compensation-related items, and where relevant, take into account remuneration practices. Generally recommend a vote AGAINST a company’s compensation-related proposal if such proposal fails to comply with one or a combination of several of the global principles and their corresponding rules:

Provide shareholders with clear and comprehensive compensation disclosures:


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Information on compensation-related proposals shall be made available to shareholders in a timely manner;

The level of disclosure of the proposed compensation policy shall be sufficient for shareholders to make an informed decision and shall be in line with what local market best practice standards dictate;

Companies shall adequately disclose all elements of the compensation, including:

Any short- or long-term compensation component must include a maximum award limit.

Long-term incentive plans must provide sufficient disclosure of (i) the exercise price/strike price (options); (ii) discount on grant; (iii) grant date/period; (iv) exercise/vesting period; and, if applicable, (v) performance criteria.

Discretionary payments, if applicable.

Maintain appropriate pay structure alignment with emphasis on long-term shareholder value:

The structure of the company’s short-term incentive plan shall be appropriate.

The compensation policy must notably avoid guaranteed or discretionary compensation.

The structure of the company’s long-term incentives shall be appropriate, including, but not limited to, dilution, vesting period, and, if applicable, performance conditions.

Equity-based plans or awards that are linked to long-term company performance will be evaluated using the general policy for equity-based plans; and

For awards granted to executives, generally require a clear link between shareholder value and awards, and stringent performance-based elements.

The balance between short- and long-term variable compensation shall be appropriate

The company’s executive compensation policy must notably avoid disproportionate focus on short-term variable element(s)

Avoid arrangements that risk “pay for failure”:

The board shall demonstrate good stewardship of investor’s interests regarding executive compensation practices.

There shall be a clear link between the company’s performance and variable awards.

There shall not be significant discrepancies between the company’s performance and real executive payouts.

The level of pay for the CEO and members of executive management should not be excessive relative to peers, company performance, and market practices.

Significant pay increases shall be explained by a detailed and compelling disclosure.


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Severance pay agreements must not be in excess of (i) 24 months’ pay or of (ii) any more restrictive provision pursuant to local legal requirements and/or market best practices.

Arrangements with a company executive regarding pensions and post-mandate exercise of equity-based awards must not result in an adverse impact on shareholders’ interests or be misaligned with good market practices.

Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee:

No executives may serve on the compensation committee.

In certain markets the compensation committee shall be composed of a majority of independent members, as per policies on director election and board or committee composition.

In addition to the above, generally vote AGAINST a compensation-related proposal if such proposal is in breach of any other supplemental market-specific voting policies.

Non-Executive Director Compensation

Generally vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors, and will otherwise:

Generally a vote AGAINST where:

Documents (including general meeting documents, annual report) provided prior to the general meeting do not mention fees paid to non-executive directors.

Proposed amounts are excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry.

The company intends to increase the fees excessively in comparison with market/sector practices, without stating compelling reasons that justify the increase.

Proposals provide for the granting of stock options, performance-based equity compensation (including stock appreciation rights and performance-vesting restricted stock) and performance-based cash, to non-executive directors.

Proposals introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis where:

Proposals include both cash and share-based components to non-executive directors.

Proposals bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a single resolution.

Equity-based Compensation Guidelines

Generally vote FOR equity based compensation proposals for employees if the plan(s) are in line with long-term shareholder interests and align the award with shareholder value. This assessment includes, but is not limited to, the following factors:

The volume of awards transferred to participants must not be excessive: the potential volume of fully diluted issued share capital from equity-based compensation plans must not exceed the following guidelines:

The shares reserved for all share plans may not exceed 5 percent of a company’s issued share capital, except in the case of high-growth companies or particularly well-designed plans, in which case we allow dilution of between 5 and 10 percent: in this case, we will need to have performance conditions attached to the plans which should be acceptable under the criteria (challenging criteria);


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The plan(s) must be sufficiently long-term in nature/structure: the minimum vesting period must be no less than three years from date of grant;

The awards must be granted at market price. Discounts, if any, must be mitigated by performance criteria or other features that justify such discount.

If applicable, performance standards must be fully disclosed, quantified, and long-term, with relative performance measures preferred.

Compensation-Related Voting Sanctions

Should a company be deemed to have egregious remuneration practices (as a result of one or a combination of several factors highlighted above) and has not followed market practice by submitting a resolution on executive compensation, generally vote AGAINST other “appropriate” resolutions as a mark of discontent against such practices.

An adverse vote recommendation could be applied to any of the following on a case-by case basis:

1. The (re)election of members of the remuneration committee;

2. The discharge of directors; or

3. The annual report and accounts.

Failure to propose a resolution on executive compensation to shareholders in a market where this is routine practice may, by itself, lead to one of the above adverse vote recommendations regardless of the companies remuneration practices.

Stock Option Plans – Adjustment for Dividend (Nordic Region)

Generally vote AGAINST stock option plans in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden if evidence is found that they contain provisions that may result in a disconnect between shareholder value and employee/executive reward.

This includes one or a combination of the following:

Adjusting the strike price for future ordinary dividends AND including expected dividend yield above 0 percent when determining the number of options awarded under the plan;

Having significantly higher expected dividends than actual historical dividends;

Favorably adjusting the terms of existing options plans without valid reason; and/or

Any other provisions or performance measures that result in undue award.

This policy applies to both new plans and amendments to introduce the provisions into already existing stock option plans. Although, an exception may be made if a company proposes to reduce the strike price by the amount of future special (extraordinary) dividends only.

Generally vote AGAINST if the potential increase of share capital amounts to more than 5 percent for mature companies or 10 percent for growth companies or if options may be exercised below the market price of the share at the date of grant, or that employee options do not lapse if employment is terminated.

Share Matching Plans (Sweden and Norway)

Consider the following factors when evaluating share matching plans:

For every share matching plan, require a holding period.


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For plans without performance criteria, the shares must be purchased at market price.

For broad-based share matching plans directed at all employees, accept an arrangement up to a 1:1 ratio, i.e. no more than one free share is awarded for every share purchased at market value.

In addition, for plans directed at executives, we require that sufficiently challenging performance criteria be attached to the plan. Higher discounts demand proportionally higher performance criteria.

The dilution of the plan when combined with the dilution from any other proposed or outstanding employee stock purchase/stock matching plans, must also be appropriate.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES

Voting on Social and Environmental Proposals

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into consideration whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value, and in addition the following will be considered:

If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation;

If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal;

Whether the proposal’s request is unduly burdensome (scope, timeframe, or cost) or overly prescriptive;

The company’s approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the proposal;

If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources; and

If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage.

OTHER ITEMS

Reorganizations/Restructurings

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for reorganizations and restructurings.

Mergers and Acquisitions

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:

For every M&A analysis, review publicly available information as of the date of the report and evaluates the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:

Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, place emphasis on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale.

Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction will cause a deal to be scrutinized more closely.


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Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.

Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? Consider whether any special interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger.

Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.

Generally vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to allow shareholders to make an informed voting decision.

Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirement.

Reincorporation Proposals

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis reincorporation proposals.

Expansion of Business Activities

Generally vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into risky areas.

Related-Party Transactions

In evaluating resolutions that seek shareholder approval on related-party transactions (RPTs), vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering factors including, but not limited to, the following:

The parties on either side of the transaction;

The nature of the asset to be transferred/service to be provided;

The pricing of the transaction (and any associated professional valuation);

The views of independent directors (where provided);

The views of an independent financial adviser (where appointed);

Whether any entities party to the transaction (including advisers) is conflicted; and

The stated rationale for the transaction, including discussions of timing.

If there is a transaction that is deemed problematic and that was not put to a shareholder vote, generally vote AGAINST the election of the director involved in the related-party transaction or the full board.

Antitakeover Mechanisms

Generally vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals, unless they are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.


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For the Netherlands, vote recommendations regarding management proposals to approve protective preference shares will be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. In general, recommend voting FOR protective preference shares (PPS) only if:

The supervisory board needs to approve an issuance of shares and the supervisory board is independent;

No call / put option agreement exists between the company and a foundation for the issuance of PPS;

The issuance authority is for a maximum of 18 months;

The board of the company-friendly foundation is fully independent;

There are no priority shares or other egregious protective or entrenchment tools;

The company states specifically that the issue of PPS is not meant to block a takeover, but will only be used to investigate alternative bids or to negotiate a better deal;

The foundation buying the PPS does not have as a statutory goal to block a takeover; and

The PPS will be outstanding for a period of maximum 6 months (an EGM must be called to determine the continued use of such shares after this period).

For French CAC40 index companies, and until Jan. 31, 2016, generally vote AGAINST any general share issuance authorities (with or without preemptive rights) if they can be used for antitakeover purposes without shareholders’ approval.

Shareholder Proposals

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis all shareholder proposals.

Generally vote FOR proposals that would improve the company’s corporate governance or business profile at a reasonable cost.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that limit the company’s business activities or capabilities or result in significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.

Policies dealing with environmental and social themes are covered by their own dedicated policy, presented separately in this document.

Authority to Reduce Minimum Notice Period for Calling a Meeting

A recommendation to approve the “enabling” authority proposal would be based on the expectation companies would call EGMs/GMs using a notice period of less than 21 days only in limited circumstances where a shorter notice period will be to the advantage of shareholders as a whole, for example, to keep a period of uncertainty about the future of the company to a minimum. This is particularly true of capital raising proposals or other price sensitive transactions. By definition, AGMs, being regular meetings of the company, should not merit a notice period of less than 21 days.

In a market where local legislation permits an EGM/GM to be called at no less than 14-days’ notice, generally vote FOR a resolution to approve the enabling authority if the company discloses that the shorter notice period of between 20 and 14 days would not be used as a matter of routine for such meetings, but only when the flexibility is merited by the business of the meeting. Where the proposal(s) at a given EGM/GM is (are) not time-sensitive, such as the approval of incentive plans, do not expect a company to invoke the shorter notice notwithstanding any prior approval of the enabling authority proposal by shareholders.


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In evaluating an enabling authority proposal, first require that the company make a clear disclosure of its compliance with any hurdle conditions for the authority imposed by applicable law, such as the provision of an electronic voting facility for shareholders. In addition, with the exception of the first AGM at which approval of the enabling authority is sought following implementation of the European Shareholder Rights Directive, when evaluating an enabling authority proposal take into consideration the company’s use (if any) of shorter notice periods in the preceding year to ensure that such shorter notice periods were invoked solely in connection with genuinely time-sensitive matters. Where the company has not limited its use of the shorter notice periods to such time sensitive-matters and fails to provide a clear explanation for this, generally vote AGAINST the enabling authority for the coming year.

Auditor Report Including Related Party Transactions (France)

Review all auditor reports on related-party transactions and screen for and evaluate agreements with respect to the following issues:

Director Remuneration (including Severance Packages and Pension Benefits)

Consulting Services

Liability Coverage

Certain Business Transactions

In general, expect companies to provide the following regarding related-party transactions:

Adequate disclosure of terms under listed transactions (including individual details of any severance, consulting, or other remuneration agreements with directors and for any asset sales and/or acquisitions);

Sufficient justification on transactions that appear to be unrelated to operations and/or not in shareholders’ best interests;

Fairness opinion (if applicable in special business transactions); and

Any other relevant information that may affect or impair shareholder value, rights, and/or judgment.

In the event that the company fails to provide an annual report in a timely manner, generally at least 21 days prior to the meeting, vote AGAINST these proposals.


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EMEA Regional Portfolio Security Voting/Issues

COVERAGE UNIVERSE

These guidelines cover all markets in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) that are not covered under a separate market-specific or region-specific policy. Therefore, markets covered by this document exclude UK, Ireland, Israel, Russia, Kazakhstan, and South Africa, and all markets that are covered under the European Policy (which are subject to separate policies available upon request).

OPERATIONAL ITEMS

Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports

Generally vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:

There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or

The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should be publicly disclosed.

Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees

Generally vote FOR the (re)election of auditors and/or proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees, unless:

There are serious concerns about the procedures used by the auditor;

There is reason to believe that the auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position;

External auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company;

The name(s) of the proposed auditors has not been published;

The auditors are being changed without explanation; or

For widely-held companies, fees for non-audit services exceed either 100% of standard annual audit-related fees or any stricter limit set in local best practice recommendations or law.

In circumstances where fees for non-audit services include fees related to significant one-time capital structure events (initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergencies, and spinoffs) and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees, which are an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit fees.

For concerns related to the audit procedures, independence of auditors, and/or name of auditors, generally vote AGAINST the auditor (re)election. For concerns related to fees paid to the auditors, generally vote AGAINST remuneration of auditors if this is a separate voting item; otherwise, generally vote AGAINST the auditor election.

Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors

Generally vote FOR the appointment or (re)election of statutory auditors, unless:

There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures used;

Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or


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The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.

Allocation of Income

Generally vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:

The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation; or

The payout is excessive given the company’s financial position.

Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative

Generally vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value.

Amendments to Articles of Association

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for amendments to the articles of association.

Change in Company Fiscal Term

Generally vote FOR resolutions to change a company’s fiscal term unless a company’s motivation for the change is to postpone its AGM.

Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership

Generally vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.

Amend Quorum Requirements

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings.

Transact Other Business

Generally vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Director Elections

Generally vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:

Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner;

There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements;

There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest;

There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests;

The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards;

There are specific concerns about the individual, such as criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities; or


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Repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained (in countries where this information is disclosed).

Generally vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee and are required by law to be on those committees. Generally vote AGAINST employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, if they are not required to be on those committees.

Generally vote AGAINST the election of directors at all companies if the name of the nominee is not disclosed in a timely manner prior to the meeting.

Under extraordinary circumstances, generally vote AGAINST individual directors, members of a committee, or the entire board, due to:

Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;

Failure to replace management as appropriate; or

Egregious actions related to a director’s service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.

Contested Director Elections

For contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, determining which directors are best suited to add value for shareholders.

The analysis will generally be based on, but not limited to, the following major decision factors:

Company performance relative to its peers;

Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents;

Independence of directors/nominees;

Experience and skills of board candidates;

Governance profile of the company;

Evidence of management entrenchment;

Responsiveness to shareholders;

Whether a takeover offer has been rebuffed;

Whether minority or majority representation is being sought.

Discharge of Directors

Generally vote FOR the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or supervisory board, unless there is reliable information about significant and compelling controversies as to whether the board is fulfilling its fiduciary duties, as evidenced by:

A lack of oversight or actions by board members that invoke shareholder distrust related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or company interest rather than in shareholder interest; or

Any legal proceedings (either civil or criminal) aiming to hold the board responsible for breach of trust in the past or related to currently alleged actions yet to be confirmed (and not only the fiscal year in question), such as price fixing, insider trading, bribery, fraud, and other illegal actions; or


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Other egregious governance issues where shareholders will bring legal action against the company or its directors.

Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify external auditors.

Board Structure

Generally vote FOR proposals to fix board size.

Generally vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the company or the board.

CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Share Issuance Requests

General Issuances

Generally vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued capital.

Generally vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued capital.

Specific Issuances

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.

Increases in Authorized Capital

Generally vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding.

Generally vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:

The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does not meet guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or

The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.

Reduction of Capital

Generally vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are unfavorable to shareholders.


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Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring.

Capital Structures

Generally vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share, one-vote capital structure.

Generally vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual-class capital structures or the creation of new or additional super-voting shares.

Preferred Stock

Generally vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the rights of existing shareholders.

Generally vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meet the guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Generally vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting rights to the common shares.

Generally vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations.

Debt Issuance Requests

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for non-convertible debt issuance requests, with or without preemptive rights.

Generally vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Generally vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.

Pledging of Assets for Debt

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt.

Increase in Borrowing Powers

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to approve increases in a company’s borrowing powers.

Share Repurchase Plans

Generally vote FOR market repurchase authorities (share repurchase programs) if the terms comply with the following criteria:

A repurchase limit of up to 10 percent of outstanding issued share capital;

A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

A duration of no more than five years, or such lower threshold as may be set by applicable law, regulation, or code of governance best practice.


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Authorities to repurchase shares in excess of the 10 percent repurchase limit will be assessed on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Such share repurchase authorities may be supported under special circumstances, which are required to be publicly disclosed by the company, provided that, on balance, the proposal is in shareholders’ interests. In such cases, the authority must comply with the following criteria:

A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

A duration of no more than 18 months.

In markets where it is normal practice not to provide a repurchase limit, evaluate the proposal based on the company’s historical practice. However, companies should disclose such limits and, in the future, generally a vote AGAINST may be warranted at companies that fail to do so. In such cases, the authority must comply with the following criteria:

A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

A duration of no more than 18 months.

In addition, generally vote AGAINST any proposal where:

The repurchase can be used for takeover defenses;

There is clear evidence of abuse;

There is no safeguard against selective buybacks; and/or

Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market practice.

Reissuance of Repurchased Shares

Generally vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this authority in the past.

Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value

Generally vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.

COMPENSATION

Compensation Plans

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for compensation plans.

Director Compensation

Generally vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based components.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a single resolution.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.


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OTHER ITEMS

Reorganizations/Restructurings

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for reorganizations and restructurings.

Mergers and Acquisitions

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:

Review publicly available information as of the date of the report and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:

Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, place emphasis on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale.

Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction will cause a deal to be scrutinized more closely.

Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.

Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? Consider whether any special interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger.

Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.

Generally vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an informed voting decision.

Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements.

Reincorporation Proposals

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for reincorporation proposals.

Expansion of Business Activities

Generally vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into risky areas.

Related-Party Transactions

In evaluating resolutions that seek shareholder approval on related-party transactions (RPTs), vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering factors including, but not limited to, the following:

The parties on either side of the transaction;

The nature of the asset to be transferred/service to be provided;

The pricing of the transaction (and any associated professional valuation);


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The views of independent directors (where provided);

The views of an independent financial adviser (where appointed);

Whether any entities party to the transaction (including advisers) is conflicted; and

The stated rationale for the transaction, including discussions of timing.

If there is a transaction that was deemed problematic and that was not put to a shareholder vote, generally vote AGAINST the election of the director involved in the related-party transaction or the full board.

Antitakeover Mechanisms

Generally vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals, unless they are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.

Shareholder Proposals

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for all shareholder proposals.

Generally vote FOR proposals that would improve the company’s corporate governance or business profile at a reasonable cost.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that limit the company’s business activities or capabilities or result in significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.

SOCIAL/ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Global Approach

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into consideration whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value, and in addition the following will be considered:

If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation;

If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal;

Whether the proposal’s request is unduly burdensome (scope, timeframe, or cost) or overly prescriptive;

The company’s approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the proposal;

If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources; and

If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage.


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Asia – Pacific Regional Portfolio Security Voting Issues

This section applies to all Asian Pacific markets (excluding Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, India, and Korea, which have separate market policies available upon request). Currently this includes Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Papua New Guinea. Any Asian Pacific markets added to this coverage would likely be included under this regional policy.

OPERATIONAL ITEMS

Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports

Generally vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:

There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or

The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should be publicly disclosed.

Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees

Generally vote FOR the (re)election of auditors and/or proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees, unless:

There are serious concerns about the accounts presented or the audit procedures used;

The auditors are being changed without explanation; or

Non-audit-related fees are substantial or are routinely in excess of standard annual audit-related fees.

In circumstances where fees for non-audit services include fees related to significant one-time capital structure events (initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergencies, and spinoffs) and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees, which are an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit fees.

For concerns related to the audit procedures, independence of auditors, and/or name of auditors, generally vote AGAINST the auditor (re)election. For concerns related to fees paid to the auditors, generally vote AGAINST remuneration of auditors if this is a separate voting item; otherwise generally vote AGAINST the auditor election.

Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors

Generally vote FOR the appointment or (re)election of statutory auditors, unless:

There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures used;

Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or

The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.

Allocation of Income

Generally vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:

The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation; or


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The payout is excessive given the company’s financial position.

Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative

Generally vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value.

Amendments to Articles of Association

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for amendments to the articles of association.

Change in Company Fiscal Term

Generally vote FOR resolutions to change a company’s fiscal term unless a company’s motivation for the change is to postpone its AGM.

Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership

Generally vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.

Amend Quorum Requirements

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings.

Transact Other Business

Generally vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Director Elections

Generally vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:

Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner;

There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements;

There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest;

There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; or

The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards.

Generally vote FOR individual nominees unless there are specific concerns about the individual, such as criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities.

Generally vote AGAINST individual directors if repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained (in countries where this information is disclosed).

For Malaysia and Thailand, generally vote FOR the election of a board-nominated candidate unless:


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He/she has attended less than 75 percent of board and key committee meetings over the most recent year, without satisfactory explanation. Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:

Medical issues/illness;

Family emergencies;

The director has served on the board for less than a year; and

Missing only one meeting (when the total of all meetings is three or fewer).

He/she is an executive director serving on the audit, remuneration, or nomination committees; or

He/she is a non-independent director nominee and the board is less than one-third independent.

Generally vote FOR the election of a CEO, managing director, executive chairman, or founder who is integral to the company.

For Bangladesh and Pakistan, vote FOR the election of a board-nominated candidate unless:

The nominee has attended less than 75 percent of board meetings over the most recent fiscal year, without a satisfactory explanation. Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:

Medical issues/illness;

Family emergencies;

The director has served on the board for less than a year; and

Missing only one meeting (when the total of all meetings is three or fewer).

He/she is an executive directors serving on the audit remuneration, or nomination committees.

For Sri Lanka, vote FOR the election of a board nominated candidate unless:

The nominee has attended less than 75 percent of board meetings over the most recent fiscal year, without a satisfactory explanation. Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:

Medical issues/illness;

Family emergencies;

The director has served on the board for less than a year; and

Missing only one meeting (when the total of all meetings is three or fewer).

He/she is an executive director serving on the audit, remuneration, or nomination committees; or

He/she is a non-independent director nominee.

For Philippines, where independent directors represent less than the higher of: three independent directors or 30 percent of the board, generally vote AGAINST the following candidates:

An executive director with exception of the CEO; or

One non-executive non-independent director who represents a substantial shareholder where the number of seats held by the representatives is disproportionate to its holdings in the company


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In accordance with local standards, in determining whether the required percentage of independent directors is satisfied, the total number of directors is multiplied by 30 percent and the product is rounded down to the nearest whole number. For example, a thirteen-director board with three independent directors satisfies the board independence requirement, even though the board is only 21.4-percent independent.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, determining which directors are best suited to add value for shareholders.

Generally vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee and are required by law to be on those committees. Generally vote AGAINST employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, if they are not required to be on those committees.

Generally vote AGAINST the election of directors at all companies if the name(s) of the nominee(s) is not disclosed in a timely manner prior to the meeting.

Under extraordinary circumstances, generally vote AGAINST individual directors, members of a committee, or the entire board, due to:

Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;

Failure to replace management as appropriate; or

Egregious actions related to a director’s service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.

Contested Director Elections

For contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis to determining which directors are best suited to add value for shareholders.

The analysis will generally be based on, but not limited to, the following major decision factors:

Company performance relative to its peers;

Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents;

Independence of directors/nominees;

Experience and skills of board candidates;

Governance profile of the company;

Evidence of management entrenchment;

Responsiveness to shareholders;

Whether a takeover offer has been rebuffed;

Whether minority or majority representation is being sought.

Discharge of Directors

Generally vote FOR the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or supervisory board, unless there is reliable information about significant and compelling controversies as to whether the board is fulfilling its fiduciary duties, as evidenced by:

A lack of oversight or actions by board members that invoke shareholder distrust related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or company interest rather than in shareholder interest; or


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Any legal proceedings (either civil or criminal) aiming to hold the board responsible for breach of trust in the past or related to currently alleged actions yet to be confirmed (and not only the fiscal year in question), such as price fixing, insider trading, bribery, fraud, and other illegal actions; or

Other egregious governance issues where shareholders will bring legal action against the company or its directors.

Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify external auditors.

Board Structure

Generally vote FOR proposals to fix board size.

Generally vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the company or the board.

CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Share Issuance Requests

General Issuances

Generally vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued capital.

Generally vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued capital.

Specific Issuances

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.

Increases in Authorized Capital

Generally vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding.

Generally vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:

The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does not meet the guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or

The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.


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Reduction of Capital

Generally vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are unfavorable to shareholders.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring.

Capital Structures

Generally vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share, one-vote capital structure.

Generally vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual-class capital structures or the creation of new or additional super voting shares.

Preferred Stock

Generally vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the rights of existing shareholders.

Generally vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Generally vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting rights to the common shares.

Generally vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations.

Debt Issuance Requests

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for non-convertible debt issuance requests, with or without preemptive rights.

Generally vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meet the guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Generally vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.

Pledging of Assets for Debt

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt.

Increase in Borrowing Powers

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to approve increases in a company’s borrowing powers.

Share Repurchase Plans

Generally vote FOR market repurchase authorities (share repurchase programs) if the terms comply with the following criteria:

A repurchase limit of up to 10 percent of outstanding issued share capital;


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A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

A duration of no more than five years, or such lower threshold as may be set by applicable law, regulation or code of governance best practice.

Authorities to repurchase shares in excess of the 10 percent repurchase limit will be assessed on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Such share repurchase authorities under special circumstances, which are required to be publicly disclosed by the company, provided that, on balance, the proposal is in shareholders’ interests. In such cases, the authority must comply with the following criteria:

A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

A duration of no more than 18 months.

In markets where it is normal practice not to provide a repurchase limit, evaluate the proposal based on the company’s historical practice. However, companies should disclose such limits and, in the future, generally vote AGAINST companies that fail to do so. In such cases, the authority must comply with the following criteria:

A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

A duration of no more than 18 months.

In addition, generally vote AGAINST any proposal where:

The repurchase can be used for takeover defenses;

There is clear evidence of abuse;

There is no safeguard against selective buybacks; and/or

Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market practice.

Reissuance of Repurchased Shares

Generally vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this authority in the past.

Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value

Generally vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.

COMPENSATION

Compensation Plans

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for compensation plans.

Director Compensation

Generally vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based components.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a single resolution.


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Generally vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.

Reorganizations/Restructurings

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for reorganizations and restructurings.

Mergers and Acquisitions

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:

Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, place emphasis on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale.

Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction will cause a deal to be scrutinized more closely.

Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.

Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? Consider whether any special interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger.

Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.

Generally vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an informed voting decision.

Miscellaneous and Other Proposals

Expansion of Business Activities

Generally vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into risky areas.

Related-Party Transactions

In evaluating resolutions that seek shareholder approval on related-party transactions (RPTs), vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering factors including, but not limited to, the following:

The parties on either side of the transaction;

The nature of the asset to be transferred/service to be provided;

The pricing of the transaction (and any associated professional valuation);

The views of independent directors (where provided);

The views of an independent financial adviser (where appointed);

Whether any entities party to the transaction (including advisers) is conflicted; and

The stated rationale for the transaction, including discussions of timing.


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If there is a transaction is deemed problematic was not put to a shareholder vote, generally vote AGAINST the election of the director(s) involved in the related-party transaction or AGAINST the full board.

Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements.

Reincorporation Proposals

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for reincorporation proposals.

Antitakeover Mechanisms

Generally vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals, unless they are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.

Shareholder Proposals

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for shareholder proposals.

Generally vote FOR proposals that would improve the company’s corporate governance or business profile at a reasonable cost.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that limit the company’s business activities or capabilities or result in significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.

Social/Environmental Issues

Global Approach

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into consideration whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value, and in addition the following will be considered:

If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation;

If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal;

Whether the proposal’s request is unduly burdensome (scope, timeframe, or cost) or overly prescriptive;

The company’s approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the proposal;

If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources; and

If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage.


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DoubleLine Funds Trust

DoubleLine Equity Funds

DoubleLine Capital LP

DoubleLine Commodity LP

DoubleLine Equity LP

DoubleLine Private Funds

DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund

DoubleLine Income Solutions Fund

Proxy Voting, Corporate Actions and Class Actions

August 2015

I. Background

This Proxy Voting, Corporate Actions and Class Actions Policy (“Policy”) is adopted by DoubleLine Capital LP, DoubleLine Commodity LP and DoubleLine Equity LP (each, as applicable, “DoubleLine”, the “Adviser” or the “Firm”), DoubleLine Funds Trust and DoubleLine Equity Funds (each, as applicable, the “Trust”) and each series of the Trusts (each an “Open-End Fund”), the DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund (“DBL”) and DoubleLine Income Solutions Fund (“DSL” and, together with DBL and all of the Open-End Funds collectively, the “Funds”) to govern the voting of proxies related to securities held by the Funds and actions taken with respect to corporate actions and class actions affecting such securities, and to provide a method of reporting the actions taken and overseeing compliance with regulatory requirements.

Each private investment fund (such as, but not limited to, the DoubleLine Opportunistic Income Master Fund LP (and its related entities) and the DoubleLine Leverage Fund LP (and its related entities), each of which is a “Private Fund” and, collectively, the “Private Funds”) managed by DoubleLine also adopts this Policy.

DoubleLine generally will exercise voting authority on behalf of its separate account clients (“Separate Account Clients” and together with the Funds and Private Funds, the “Clients”) only where a Client has expressly delegated authority in writing to DoubleLine and DoubleLine has accepted that responsibility. Separate Account Clients that do not provide written authorization for DoubleLine to exercise voting authority are responsible for their own proxy voting, corporate actions and class actions and this Policy does not apply to them.

To the extent that voting a proxy or taking action with respect to a class action or corporate action (in each case, a “proposal”) is desirable, DoubleLine (or its designee) will seek to take action on such proposal in a manner that it believes is most likely to enhance the economic value of the underlying securities held in Client accounts and, with respect to proposals not otherwise covered by the Guidelines herein, DoubleLine (or its designee) will seek to consider each proposal on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration any relevant contractual obligations as well as other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote. DoubleLine will not respond to proxy solicitor requests unless DoubleLine determines that it is in the best interest of a Client to do so.

II. Issue

Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Rule”), requires every investment adviser who exercises voting authority with respect to client securities to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes proxies in the best interest of its clients. The procedures must address material conflicts that may arise between DoubleLine and a Client in connection with proxy voting. The Rule further requires the adviser to provide a concise summary of the adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures and to provide copies of the complete proxy voting policy and procedures to clients upon request. Lastly, the Rule requires that the adviser disclose to clients how they may obtain information on how the adviser voted their proxies.


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III. Policy – Proxies and Corporate Actions; Role of Third-Party Proxy Agent

To assist DoubleLine in carrying out its proxy voting obligations, DoubleLine has retained a third-party proxy voting service provider, currently Glass, Lewis & Co. (“Glass Lewis”), as its proxy voting agent. Pursuant to an agreement with DoubleLine, Glass Lewis obtains proxy ballots with respect to securities held by one or more Client accounts advised by DoubleLine, evaluates the individual facts and circumstances relating to any proposal, and, except as otherwise provided below, votes on any such proposal in accordance with the Guidelines set forth in Attachment A hereto (the “Guidelines”).

In the event that a proposal is not adequately addressed by the Guidelines, Glass Lewis will make a recommendation to DoubleLine as to how to vote on such proposal. The portfolio manager or other authorized person of the relevant Client will review the recommendation made by Glass Lewis and will instruct Glass Lewis to vote the Client’s securities against Glass Lewis’ recommendation when DoubleLine believes doing so is in the best interests of the Client. The portfolio manager or authorized person shall record the reasons for any such instruction and shall provide that written record to the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee. In the absence of a timely instruction from DoubleLine to the contrary, Glass Lewis will vote in accordance with its recommendation. In the event that Glass Lewis does not provide a recommendation with respect to a proposal, DoubleLine may vote on any such proposal in its discretion and in a manner consistent with this Policy.

In the event that DoubleLine determines that a recommendation of Glass Lewis (or of any other third-party proxy voting service retained by DoubleLine) was based on a material factual error, DoubleLine will investigate the error, taking into account, among other things, the nature of the error and the related recommendation, and seek to determine whether Glass Lewis (or any other third-party proxy voting service retained by DoubleLine) is taking reasonable steps to reduce similar errors in the future.

The Guidelines provide a basis for making decisions in the voting of proxies and taking action with respect to class actions or corporate actions for Clients. When voting proxies or taking action with respect to class actions or corporate actions, DoubleLine’s utmost concern in exercising its duties of loyalty and care is that all decisions be made in the best interests of the Client and with the goal of maximizing the value of the Client’s investments. With this goal in mind, the Guidelines cover various categories of voting decisions and generally specify whether DoubleLine (or its designee) will vote (assuming it votes at all) for or against a particular type of proposal. The applicable portfolio managers who are primarily responsible for evaluating the individual holdings of the relevant Client are responsible in the first instance for overseeing the voting of proxies and taking action with respect to class actions or corporate actions for such Client (though they are not expected to review each such vote or action). Such portfolio managers may, in their discretion, vote proxies or take action with respect to class actions or corporate actions in a manner that is inconsistent with the Guidelines (or instruct Glass Lewis to do so) when they determine that doing so is in the best interests of the Client. In making any such determination, the portfolio managers may, in their discretion, take into account the recommendations of appropriate members of DoubleLine’s executive and senior management, other investment personnel and, if desired, an outside service.

Limitations of this Policy. This Policy applies to voting and/or consent rights of securities held by Clients. DoubleLine (or its designee) will, on behalf of each Client (including the Funds or the Private Funds) vote in circumstances such as, but not limited to, plans of reorganization, and waivers and consents under applicable indentures. This Policy does not apply, however, to consent rights that primarily represent decisions to buy or sell investments, such as tender or exchange offers, conversions, put options, redemption and Dutch auctions. Such decisions, while considered not to be covered within this Policy, shall be made with the Client’s best interests in mind. In certain limited circumstances, particularly in the area of structured finance, DoubleLine may, on behalf of Clients, enter into voting agreements or other contractual obligations that govern the voting of shares. In the event of a conflict between any such contractual requirements and the Guidelines, DoubleLine (or its designee) will vote in accordance with its contractual obligations.

In addition, where DoubleLine determines that there are unusual costs and/or difficulties associated with voting on a proposal, which more typically might be the case with respect to proposals relating to non-U.S. issuers, DoubleLine reserves the right to not vote on a proposal unless DoubleLine determines that the expected benefits of voting on such proposal exceed the expected cost to the Client, such as in situations where a jurisdiction imposes share blocking restrictions which may affect the ability of the portfolio managers to effect trades in the related security. DoubleLine will seek to consult with its Clients in such circumstances unless the investment management agreement or other written arrangement with the applicable Client gives DoubleLine authority to act in its discretion.


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All proxies, class actions or corporate actions received shall be retained by the Chief Risk Officer or designee. Such records shall include whether DoubleLine voted such proxy or corporate actions and, if so, how the proxy was voted. The records also shall be transcribed into a format such that any Client’s overall proxy and corporate actions voting record can be provided upon request.

DoubleLine provides no assurance to former clients that applicable proxy, class actions or corporate actions information will be delivered to them.

IV. Proofs of Claim

DoubleLine does not complete proofs-of-claim on behalf of Clients for current or historical holdings other than for the Funds; however, DoubleLine will provide reasonable assistance to Clients with collecting information relevant to filing proofs-of-claim when such information is in the possession of DoubleLine. DoubleLine does not undertake to complete or provide proofs-of-claim for securities that had been held by any former client. DoubleLine will complete proofs-of-claim for the Funds and Private Funds, or provide reasonable access to the applicable Fund’s or Private Fund’s administrator to file such proofs-of-claim when appropriate.

V. Class Actions Policy

In the event that Client securities become the subject of a class action lawsuit, the applicable portfolio manager(s) will assess the value to Clients in participating in such legal action. If the portfolio manager decides that participating in the class action is in the Client’s best interest, DoubleLine will recommend that the Client or its custodian submit appropriate documentation on the Client’s behalf, subject to contractual or other authority. DoubleLine may consider any relevant information in determining whether participation in a class action lawsuit is in a Client’s best interest, including the costs that would be incurred by the Client and the resources that would be expended in participating in the class action, including in comparison to the Client pursuing other legal recourse against the issuer. DoubleLine also may choose to notify Clients (other than the Funds and the Private Funds) of the class action without making a recommendation as to participation, which would allow Clients to decide how or if to proceed.

DoubleLine provides no assurance to former clients that applicable class action information will be delivered to them.

VI. Procedures for Lent Securities and Issuers in Share-blocking Countries

At times, DoubleLine may not be able to take action in respect of a proposal on behalf of a Client when the Client’s relevant securities are on loan in accordance with the Client’s securities lending program and/or are controlled by a securities lending agent or custodian acting independently of DoubleLine. Notwithstanding this fact, in the event that DoubleLine becomes aware of a proposal on which a Client’s securities may be voted and with respect to which the outcome of such proposal could reasonably be expected to enhance the economic value of the Client’s position and some or a portion of that position is lent out, DoubleLine will make reasonable efforts to inform the Client that DoubleLine is not able to take action with respect to such proposal until and unless the Client recalls the lent security. When such situations relate to the Funds or the Private Funds, DoubleLine will take reasonable measures to recall the lent security in order to take action timely. There can be no assurance that any lent security will be returned timely.

In certain markets where share blocking occurs, shares must be frozen for trading purposes at the custodian or sub-custodian in order to vote. During the time that shares are blocked, any pending trades will not settle. Depending on the market, this period can last from one day to three weeks. Any sales that must be executed will settle late and potentially be subject to interest charges or other punitive fees. For this reason, in blocking markets, DoubleLine retains the right to vote or not, based on the determination of DoubleLine’s investment personnel as to whether voting would be in the Client’s best interest.


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VII. Proxy Voting Committee; Oversight

DoubleLine has established a proxy voting committee (the “Committee”) with a primary responsibility of overseeing compliance with the Policy. The Committee, made up of non-investment executive officers, the Chief Risk Officer, and the Chief Compliance Officer (or his/her designee), meets on an as needed basis. The Committee will (1) monitor compliance with the Policy, including by periodically sampling proxy votes for review, (2) review, no less frequently than annually, the adequacy of this Policy to ensure that such Policy has been effectively implemented and that the Policy continues to be designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of Clients, and (3) review potential conflicts of interest that may arise under this Policy, including changes to the businesses of DoubleLine, Glass Lewis or other third-party proxy voting services retained by DoubleLine to determine whether those changes present new or additional conflicts of interest that should be addressed by this Policy.

The Committee shall have primary responsibility for managing DoubleLine’s relationship with Glass Lewis and/or any other third-party proxy voting service provider, including overseeing their compliance with this Policy generally as well as reviewing periodically instances in which (i) DoubleLine overrides a recommendation made by Glass Lewis or (ii) Glass Lewis does not provide a recommendation with respect to a proposal. The Committee shall also periodically review DoubleLine’s relationships with such entities more generally, including for potential conflicts of interest relevant to such entities and whether DoubleLine’s relationships with such entities should continue.

VIII. Procedures for Material Conflicts of Interest

The portfolio managers will seek to monitor for conflicts of interest arising between DoubleLine and a Client and shall report any such conflict identified by the portfolio managers to the Committee. Should material conflicts of interest arise between DoubleLine and a Client as to a proposal, the proposal shall be brought to the attention of the Committee, who shall involve other executive managers, legal counsel (which may be DoubleLine’s in-house counsel or outside counsel) or the Chief Compliance Officer as may be deemed necessary or appropriate by the Committee to attempt to resolve such conflicts. The Committee shall determine the materiality of such conflict if the conflict cannot be resolved. (An example of a specific conflict of interest that should be brought to the Committee is a situation where a proxy contest involves securities issued by a Client. When in doubt as to a potential conflict, portfolio managers shall bring the proxy to the attention of the Committee.)

If, after appropriate review, a material conflict between DoubleLine and a Client is deemed to exist, DoubleLine will seek to resolve any such conflict in the best interest of the Client whose assets it is voting by pursuing any one of the following courses of action: (i) voting (or not voting) in accordance with the Guidelines; (ii) convening a Committee meeting to assess available measures to address the conflict and implementing those measures; (iii) voting in accordance with the recommendation of an independent third-party service provider chosen by the Committee; (iv) voting (or not voting) in accordance with the instructions of such Client; (v) or not voting with respect to the proposal if consistent with DoubleLine’s fiduciary obligations.

Investments in the DoubleLine Funds. In the event that DoubleLine has discretionary authority to vote shares of a Fund owned by all Clients (including the Funds), DoubleLine will vote the shares of such Fund in the same proportion as the votes of the other beneficial shareholders of such Fund. Under this “echo voting” approach, DoubleLine’s voting of a Fund’s shares would merely amplify the votes already received from such Fund’s other shareholders. DoubleLine’s potential conflict is therefore mitigated by replicating the voting preferences expressed by the Fund’s other shareholders.

IX. Procedures for Proxy Solicitation

In the event that any employee of DoubleLine receives a request to reveal or disclose DoubleLine’s voting intention on a specific proxy event to a third party, the employee must forward the solicitation request to the Chief Compliance Officer or designee. Such requests shall be reviewed with the Committee or appropriate executive and senior management. Any written requests shall be retained with the proxy files maintained by the Chief Operating Officer or designee.

X. Additional Procedures for the Funds

A. Filing Form N-PX

Rule 30b1-4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 requires mutual funds to file an annual record of proxies voted by a Fund on Form N-PX. Form N-PX must be filed each year no later than August 31 and must contain the Funds’ proxy voting record for the most recent twelve-month period ending June 30.


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The Funds rely upon their respective fund administrator to prepare and make their filings on Form N-PX. DoubleLine shall assist the fund administrator by providing information (including by causing such information to be provided by any third party proxy voting service for record comparison purposes as deemed necessary) regarding any proxy votes made for the Funds within the most recent twelve-month period ending June 30. DoubleLine shall retain records of any such votes with sufficient information to make accurate annual Form N-PX filings.

B. Providing Policies and Procedures

Mutual funds (including the Funds) that invest in voting securities are required to describe in their Statements of Additional Information (“SAIs”) the policies and procedures that they use to determine how to vote proxies relating to securities held in their portfolios. The Funds also may chose to include these policies and procedures as part of their registration statement. Closed-end funds (such as DBL and DSL) must disclose their proxy voting policies and procedures annually on Form N-CSR.

Funds are required to disclose in shareholder reports that a description of the fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling a specified toll-free (or collect) telephone number; (ii) on the fund’s website, if applicable; and (iii) on the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov. The fund administrator shall ensure that such disclosures are included when preparing shareholder reports on the Funds’ behalf. The Funds currently do not provide the proxy policies and procedures on their website.

A Fund is required to send the description of the fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures within three business days of receipt of the request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery. The Funds rely upon the fund administrator to provide this service.

XI. Recordkeeping

 

  A. DoubleLine must maintain the documentation described in this Policy for a period of not less than five (5) years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record, the first two (2) years at its principal place of business. DoubleLine will be responsible for the following procedures and for ensuring that the required documentation is retained, including with respect to class action claims or corporate actions other than proxy voting. DoubleLine has engaged Glass Lewis to retain the aforementioned proxy voting records on behalf of DoubleLine (and its Clients).

 

  B. Client request to review proxy votes:

Any written request from a Client related to actions taken with respect to a proposal received by any employee of DoubleLine must be retained. Only written responses to oral requests need to be maintained.

The Client Service group will record the identity of the Client, the date of the request, and the disposition (e.g., provided a written or oral response to Client’s request, referred to third party, not a proxy voting client, other dispositions, etc.).

In order to facilitate the management of proxy voting record keeping process, and to facilitate dissemination of such proxy voting records to Clients, the Client Service group will distribute to any Client requesting proxy voting information DoubleLine’s complete proxy voting record for the Client for the period requested. If deemed operationally more efficient, DoubleLine may choose to release its entire proxy voting record for the requested period, with any information identifying a particular Client redacted. The Client Service group shall furnish the information requested, free of charge, to the Client within a reasonable time period (within 10 business days) and maintain a copy of the written record provided in response to Client’s written (including e-mail) or oral request. A copy of the written response should be attached and maintained with the Client’s written request, if applicable, and stored in an appropriate file.

Clients can require the delivery of the proxy voting record relevant to their accounts for the five year period prior to their request.


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  C. Examples of proxy voting records:

 

    Documents prepared or created by DoubleLine that were material to making a decision on how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for the decision.Documentation or notes or any communications received from third parties, other industry analysts, third party service providers, company’s management discussions, etc. that were material in the basis for the decision.

XII. Disclosure

The Chief Compliance Officer or designee will ensure that Form ADV Part 2A is updated as necessary to reflect: (i) all material changes to this Policy; and (ii) regulatory requirements related to proxy voting disclosure.


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Attachment A to Proxy Voting, Corporate Action and Class Action Policy

Guidelines

The proxy voting decisions set forth below refer to proposals by company management except for the categories of “Shareholder Proposals” and “Social Issue Proposals.” The voting decisions in these latter two categories refer to proposals by outside shareholders.

Governance

 

    For trustee nominees in uncontested elections

 

    For management nominees in contested elections

 

    For ratifying auditors, except against if the previous auditor was dismissed because of a disagreement with the company or if the fees for non-audit services exceed 51% of total fees

 

    For changing the company name

 

    For approving other business

 

    For adjourning the meeting

 

    For technical amendments to the charter and/or bylaws

 

    For approving financial statements

Capital Structure

 

    For increasing authorized common stock

 

    For decreasing authorized common stock

 

    For amending authorized common stock

 

    For the issuance of common stock, except against if the issued common stock has superior voting rights

 

    For approving the issuance or exercise of stock warrants

 

    For authorizing preferred stock, except against if the board has unlimited rights to set the terms and conditions of the shares

 

    For increasing authorized preferred stock, except against if the board has unlimited rights to set the terms and conditions of the shares

 

    For decreasing authorized preferred stock

 

    For canceling a class or series of preferred stock

 

    For amending preferred stock

 

    For issuing or converting preferred stock, except against if the shares have voting rights superior to those of other shareholders

 

    For eliminating preemptive rights

 

    For creating or restoring preemptive rights

 

    Against authorizing dual or multiple classes of common stock

 

    For eliminating authorized dual or multiple classes of common stock

 

    For amending authorized dual or multiple classes of common stock

 

    For increasing authorized shares of one or more classes of dual or multiple classes of common stock, except against if it will allow the company to issue additional shares with superior voting rights

 

    For a stock repurchase program

 

    For a stock split

 

    For a reverse stock split, except against if the company does not intend to proportionally reduce the number of authorized shares

Mergers and Restructuring

 

    For merging with or acquiring another company

 

    For recapitalization

 

    For restructuring the company

 

    For bankruptcy restructurings

 

    For liquidations

 

    For reincorporating in a different state

 

    For spinning off certain company operations or divisions


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    For the sale of assets

 

    Against eliminating cumulative voting

 

    For adopting cumulative voting

Board of Trustees

 

    For limiting the liability of trustees

 

    For setting the board size

 

    For allowing the trustees to fill vacancies on the board without shareholder approval

 

    Against giving the board the authority to set the size of the board as needed without shareholder approval

 

    For a proposal regarding the removal of trustees, except against if the proposal limits the removal of trustees to cases where there is legal cause

 

    For non-technical amendments to the company’s certificate of incorporation, except against if an amendment would have the effect of reducing shareholders’ rights

 

    For non-technical amendments to the company’s bylaws, except against if an amendment would have the effect of reducing shareholder’s rights

Anti-Takeover Provisions

 

    Against a classified board

 

    Against amending a classified board

 

    For repealing a classified board

 

    Against ratifying or adopting a shareholder rights plan (poison pill)

 

    Against redeeming a shareholder rights plan (poison pill)

 

    Against eliminating shareholders’ right to call a special meeting

 

    Against limiting shareholders’ right to call a special meeting

 

    For restoring shareholders’ right to call a special meeting

 

    Against eliminating shareholders’ right to act by written consent

 

    Against limiting shareholders’ right to act by written consent

 

    For restoring shareholders’ right to act by written consent

 

    Against establishing a supermajority vote provision to approve a merger or other business combination

 

    For amending a supermajority vote provision to approve a merger or other business combination, except against if the amendment would increase the vote required to approve the transaction

 

    For eliminating a supermajority vote provision to approve a merger or other business combination

 

    Against adopting supermajority vote requirements (lock-ins) to change certain bylaw or charter provisions

 

    Against amending supermajority vote requirements (lock-ins) to change certain bylaw or charter provisions

 

    For eliminating supermajority vote requirements (lock-ins) to change certain bylaw or charter provisions

 

    Against expanding or clarifying the authority of the board of trustees to consider factors other than the interests of shareholders in assessing a takeover bid

 

    Against establishing a fair price provision

 

    Against amending a fair price provision

 

    For repealing a fair price provision

 

    For limiting the payment of greenmail

 

    Against adopting advance notice requirements

 

    For opting out of a state takeover statutory provision

 

    Against opt into a state takeover statutory provision

Compensation

 

    For adopting a stock incentive plan for employees, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the plan dilution is more than 5% of outstanding common stock or if the potential dilution from all company plans, including the one proposed, is more than 10% of outstanding common stock

 

    For amending a stock incentive plan for employees, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the minimum potential dilution from all company plans, including the one proposed, is more than 10% of outstanding common stock

 

    For adding shares to a stock incentive plan for employees, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the plan dilution is more than 5% of outstanding common stock or if the potential dilution from all company plans, including the one proposed, is more than 10% of outstanding common stock

 

    For limiting per-employee option awards

 

    For extending the term of a stock incentive plan for employees


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    Case-by-case on assuming stock incentive plans

 

    For adopting a stock incentive plan for non-employee trustees, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the plan dilution is more than 5% of outstanding common equity or if the minimum potential dilution from all plans, including the one proposed, is more than 10% of outstanding common equity

 

    For amending a stock incentive plan for non-employee trustees, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the minimum potential dilution from all plans, including the one proposed, is more than 10% of outstanding common equity

 

    For adding shares to a stock incentive plan for non-employee trustees, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the plan dilution is more than 5% of outstanding common equity or if the minimum potential dilution from all plans, including the one proposed, is more than 10% of the outstanding common equity

 

    For adopting an employee stock purchase plan, except against if the proposed plan allows employees to purchase stock at prices of less than 85% of the stock’s fair market value

 

    For amending an employee stock purchase plan, except against if the proposal allows employees to purchase stock at prices of less than 85% of the stock’s fair market value

 

    For adding shares to an employee stock purchase plan, except against if the proposed plan allows employees to purchase stock at prices of less than 85% of the stock’s fair market value

 

    For adopting a stock award plan, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the plan dilution is more than 5% of the outstanding common equity or if the minimum potential dilution from all plans, including the one proposed, is more than 10% of the outstanding common equity

 

    For amending a stock award plan, except against if the amendment shortens the vesting requirements or lessens the performance requirements

 

    For adding shares to a stock award plan, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the plan dilution is more than 5% of the outstanding common equity or if the minimum potential dilution from all plans, including the one proposed, is more than 10% of the outstanding common equity

 

    For adopting a stock award plan for non-employee trustees, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the plan dilution is more than 5% of the outstanding common equity or if the minimum potential dilution from all plans, including the one proposed, is more than 10% of the outstanding common equity

 

    For amending a stock award plan for non-employee trustees, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the minimum potential dilution from all plans is more than 10% of the outstanding common equity.

 

    For adding shares to a stock award plan for non-employee trustees, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the plan dilution is more than 5% of the outstanding common equity or if the minimum potential dilution from all plans, including the one proposed, is more than 10% of the outstanding common equity

 

    For approving an annual bonus plan

 

    For adopting a savings plan

 

    For granting a one-time stock option or stock award, except decide on a case-by-case basis if the plan dilution is more than 5% of the outstanding common equity

 

    For adopting a deferred compensation plan

 

    For approving a long-term bonus plan

 

    For approving an employment agreement or contract

 

    For amending a deferred compensation plan

 

    For amending an annual bonus plan

 

    For reapproving a stock option plan or bonus plan for purposes of OBRA

 

    For amending a long-term bonus plan

Shareholder Proposals

 

    For requiring shareholder ratification of auditors

 

    Against requiring the auditors to attend the annual meeting

 

    Against limiting consulting by auditors

 

    Against requiring the rotation of auditors

 

    Against restoring preemptive rights

 

    For asking the company to study sales, spin-offs, or other strategic alternatives

 

    For asking the board to adopt confidential voting and independent tabulation of the proxy ballots

 

    Against asking the company to refrain from counting abstentions and broker non-votes in vote tabulations

 

    Against eliminating the company’s discretion to vote unmarked proxy ballots.

 

    For providing equal access to the proxy materials for shareholders

 

    Against requiring a majority vote to elect trustees

 

    Against requiring the improvement of annual meeting reports


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    Against changing the annual meeting location

 

    Against changing the annual meeting date

 

    Against asking the board to include more women and minorities as trustees.

 

    Against seeking to increase board independence

 

    Against limiting the period of time a trustee can serve by establishing a retirement or tenure policy

 

    Against requiring minimum stock ownership by trustees

 

    Against providing for union or employee representatives on the board of trustees

 

    For increasing disclosure regarding the board’s role in the development and monitoring of the company’s long-term strategic plan

 

    For creating a nominating committee of the board

 

    Against urging the creation of a shareholder committee

 

    Against asking that the chairman of the board of trustees be chosen from among the ranks of the non-employee trustees

 

    Against asking that a lead trustee be chosen from among the ranks of the non-employee trustees

 

    For adopting cumulative voting

 

    Against requiring trustees to place a statement of candidacy in the proxy statement

 

    Against requiring the nomination of two trustee candidates for each open board seat

 

    Against making trustees liable for acts or omissions that constitute a breach of fiduciary care resulting from a trustee’s gross negligence and/or reckless or willful neglect

 

    For repealing a classified board

 

    Against asking the board to redeem or to allow shareholders to vote on a poison pill shareholder rights plan

 

    Against repealing fair price provisions

 

    For restoring shareholders’ right to call a special meeting

 

    For restoring shareholders’ right to act by written consent

 

    For limiting the board’s discretion to issue targeted share placements or requiring shareholder approval before such block placements can be made

 

    For seeking to force the company to opt out of a state takeover statutory provision

 

    Against reincorporating the company in another state

 

    For limiting greenmail payments

 

    Against advisory vote on compensation

 

    Against restricting executive compensation

 

    For enhancing the disclosure of executive compensation

 

    Against restricting trustee compensation

 

    Against capping executive pay

 

    Against calling for trustees to be paid with company stock

 

    Against calling for shareholder votes on executive pay

 

    Against calling for the termination of trustee retirement plans

 

    Against asking management to review, report on, and/or link executive compensation to non-financial criteria, particularly social criteria

 

    Against seeking shareholder approval to reprice or replace underwater stock options

 

    For banning or calling for a shareholder vote on future golden parachutes

 

    Against seeking to award performance-based stock options

 

    Against establishing a policy of expensing the costs of all future stock options issued by the company in the company’s annual income statement

 

    Against requesting that future executive compensation be determined without regard to any pension fund income

 

    Against approving extra benefits under Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERPs)

 

    Against requiring option shares to be held

 

    For creating a compensation committee

 

    Against requiring that the compensation committee hire its own independent compensation consultants-separate from the compensation consultants working with corporate management-to assist with executive compensation issues

 

    For increasing the independence of the compensation committee

 

    For increasing the independence of the audit committee

 

    For increasing the independence of key committees

Social Issue Proposals

 

    Against asking the company to develop or report on human rights policies


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    Against asking the company to limit or end operations in Burma

 

    For asking management to review operations in Burma

 

    For asking management to certify that company operations are free of forced labor

 

    Against asking management to implement and/or increase activity on each of the principles of the U.S. Business Principles for Human Rights of Workers in China.

 

    Against asking management to develop social, economic, and ethical criteria that the company could use to determine the acceptability of military contracts and to govern the execution of the contracts

 

    Against asking management to create a plan of converting the company’s facilities that are dependent on defense contracts toward production for commercial markets

 

    Against asking management to report on the company’s government contracts for the development of ballistic missile defense technologies and related space systems

 

    Against asking management to report on the company’s foreign military sales or foreign offset activities

 

    Against asking management to limit or end nuclear weapons production

 

    Against asking management to review nuclear weapons production

 

    Against asking the company to establish shareholder-designated contribution programs

 

    Against asking the company to limit or end charitable giving

 

    For asking the company to increase disclosure of political spending and activities

 

    Against asking the company to limit or end political spending

 

    For requesting disclosure of company executives’ prior government service

 

    Against requesting affirmation of political nonpartisanship

 

    For asking management to report on or change tobacco product marketing practices, except against if the proposal calls for action beyond reporting

 

    Against severing links with the tobacco industry

 

    Against asking the company to review or reduce tobacco harm to health

 

    For asking management to review or promote animal welfare, except against if the proposal calls for action beyond reporting

 

    For asking the company to report or take action on pharmaceutical drug pricing or distribution, except against if the proposal asks for more than a report

 

    Against asking the company to take action on embryo or fetal destruction

 

    For asking the company to review or report on nuclear facilities or nuclear waste, except against if the proposal asks for cessation of nuclear-related activities or other action beyond reporting

 

    For asking the company to review its reliance on nuclear and fossil fuels, its development or use of solar and wind power, or its energy efficiency, except vote against if the proposal asks for more than a report.

 

    Against asking management to endorse the Ceres principles

 

    For asking the company to control generation of pollutants, except against if the proposal asks for action beyond reporting or if the company reports its omissions and plans to limit their future growth or if the company reports its omissions and plans to reduce them from established levels

 

    For asking the company to report on its environmental impact or plans, except against if management has issued a written statement beyond the legal minimum

 

    For asking management to report or take action on climate change, except against if management acknowledges a global warming threat and has issued company policy or if management has issued a statement and committed to targets and timetables or if the company is not a major emitter of greenhouse gases

 

    For asking management to report on, label, or restrict sales of bioengineered products, except against if the proposal asks for action beyond reporting or calls for a moratorium on sales of bioengineered products

 

    Against asking the company to preserve natural habitat

 

    Against asking the company to review its developing country debt and lending criteria and to report to shareholders on its findings

 

    Against requesting the company to assess the environmental, public health, human rights, labor rights, or other socioeconomic impacts of its credit decisions

 

    For requesting reports and/or reviews of plans and/or policies on fair lending practices, except against if the proposal calls for action beyond reporting

 

    Against asking the company to establish committees to consider issues related to facilities closure and relocation of work

 

    For asking management to report on the company’s affirmative action policies and programs, including releasing its EEO-1 forms and providing statistical data on specific positions within the company, except against if the company releases its EEO-1 reports


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    Against asking management to drop sexual orientation from EEO policy

 

    Against asking management to adopt a sexual orientation non-discrimination policy

 

    For asking management to report on or review Mexican operations

 

    Against asking management to adopt standards for Mexican operations

 

    Against asking management to review or implement the MacBride principles

 

    Against asking the company to encourage its contractors and franchisees to implement the MacBride principles

 

    For asking management to report on or review its global labor practices or those of its contractors, except against if the company already reports publicly using a recognized standard or if the resolution asks for more than a report

 

    Against asking management to adopt, implement, or enforce a global workplace code of conduct based on the International Labor Organization’s core labor conventions

 

    For requesting reports on sustainability, except against if the company has already issued a report in GRI format

Adopted by the DoubleLine Funds Trust Board: March 25, 2010

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Funds Trust Board: March 1, 2011

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Funds Trust Board: August 25, 2011

Renewed and approved by the DoubleLine Funds Trust Board of Trustees: March 19, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Funds Trust Board: May 22, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Funds Trust Board: November 20, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Funds Trust Board: August 21, 2014

Adopted by the DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund Board of Trustees: August 24, 2011

Renewed and approved by the DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund Board of Trustees: March 19, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund Board of Trustees: May 22, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund Board of Trustees: November 20, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund Board of Trustees: August 21, 2014

Adopted by the DoubleLine Equity Funds Board of Trustees: March 19, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Equity Funds Board: May 22, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Equity Funds Board: November 20, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Equity Funds Board: August 21, 2014

Adopted by the DoubleLine Income Solutions Board of Trustees: March 19, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Income Solutions Board of Trustees: May 22, 2013 Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Income Solutions Board of Trustees: November 20, 2013

Renewed, reviewed and approved by the DoubleLine Income Solutions Board of Trustees: August 21, 2014

Reviewed and approved by the Boards of the DoubleLine Funds Trust, DoubleLine Equity Funds, DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund and DoubleLine Income Solutions Fund: August 20, 2015


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DRIEHAUS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC

PROXY VOTING POLICY

For those clients for whom Driehaus Capital Management LLC (“DCM”) has undertaken to vote proxies, DCM retains the final authority and responsibility for such voting. On behalf of our valued clients, DCM:

1) provides the client with a written summary of its proxy voting policy, and the complete proxy voting policy upon request;

2) discloses to the client how to obtain voting information;

3) applies the proxy voting policy consistently;

4) documents the reasons for voting;

5) maintains records of voting activities for clients and regulating authorities; and

6) votes securities based on a pre-determined voting policy, based on the recommendations of an independent third-party to avoid conflicts of interest with DCM.

Voting Policy

As an investment adviser, DCM is a fiduciary that owes each client the duties of care and loyalty with respect to all services undertaken on the client’s behalf, including proxy voting. The duty of care requires an investment adviser with proxy voting authority to monitor corporate events and to vote the proxies. To satisfy its duty of loyalty, the investment adviser must cast the proxy votes in a manner consistent with the best interests of its clients and must not subrogate client interests to its own. Under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”), an investment manager to whom the named plan fiduciary has delegated the authority to manage plan assets and to vote proxies: (i) must consider those factors that may affect the value of the plan’s investment; (ii) must act solely in the interest of plan participants and beneficiaries; and (iii) must discharge its duties with “care, skill, prudence and diligence.” Thus, the investment manager’s proxy voting decisions must be based on the economic impact of the proposal on the value of the plan’s investment and the best interests of the plan.

Institutional Shareholder Services Inc.

In order to facilitate the proxy voting process, DCM has retained Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”) to provide DCM with in-depth proxy research, vote recommendations and execution, and the record keeping required as part of the management of a client account. ISS is an investment adviser that specializes in providing a variety of fiduciary-level services related to proxy voting. DCM has ascertained that ISS has the capacity and competency to analyze proxy issues and to make vote recommendations in an impartial manner and in the best interests of DCM’s clients. In addition to analyses, ISS delivers to DCM voting reports that reflect voting activities for DCM’s clients, enabling the clients to monitor voting activities performed by DCM.

ISS’ Proxy Voting Procedures and Guidelines

ISS’ process of voting and maintaining records first involves the coding of every company proxy ballot voted. Coding entails the identification of each issue on the ballot. ISS uses a proprietary coding system of individually identified issues. ISS performs company by company analysis, which means that all votes are reviewed on a case-by-case basis and no issues are considered routine. Each issue will be considered in the context of the company under review.


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The following are the general voting parameters that ISS follows on various types of issues when there are no company-specific reasons for voting to the contrary. DCM generally follows ISS’ recommendations in accordance with these guidelines and does not use its discretion in the proxy voting decision. This allows client proxies to be voted in the clients’ best interests and in accordance with a predetermined policy based upon recommendations of an independent third party, and is not affected by any potential or actual conflict of interest of DCM. DCM annually, and more frequently if necessary, reviews ISS’ policies and procedures regarding any potential conflicts of interest when making vote recommendations to determine that ISS is acting impartially.

I. Guidelines for Domestic Securities (securities traded in the U.S., including American Depositary Receipts and U.S. traded foreign stocks)

A. Operational Items

Adjourn Meeting

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to provide management with the authority to adjourn an annual or special meeting absent compelling reasons to support the proposal.

Vote FOR proposals that relate specifically to soliciting votes for a merger or transaction if supporting that merger or transaction. Vote AGAINST proposals if the wording is too vague or if the proposal includes “other business.”

Amend Quorum Requirements

Vote AGAINST proposals to reduce quorum requirements for shareholder meetings below a majority of the shares outstanding unless there are compelling reasons to support the proposal.

Amend Minor Bylaws

Vote FOR bylaw or charter changes that are of a housekeeping nature (updates or corrections).

Auditor Indemnification and Limitation of Liability

Consider the issue of auditor indemnification and limitation of liability on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Factors to be assessed include, but are not limited to, the terms of the auditor agreement, the degree to which these agreements impact shareholders’ rights, motivation and rationale for establishing the agreements, quality of disclosure and historical practices in the audit area.

WITHHOLD or vote AGAINST members of an audit committee in situations where there is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.


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Auditor Ratification

Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply: an auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent; poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a serious level of concern, such as fraud, misapplication of GAAP, material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures; fees for non-audit services are excessive; or there is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an inaccurate opinion.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to prohibit or limit their auditors from engaging in non-audit services.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking for audit firm rotation, taking into account the tenure of the audit firm, the length of rotation specified in the proposal, any significant audit-related issues at the company, the number of Audit Committee meetings held each year, the number of financial experts serving on the committee and whether the company has a periodic renewal process where the auditor is evaluated for both audit quality and competitive price.

Change Company Name

Vote FOR proposals to change the corporate name.

Change Date, Time, or Location of Annual Meeting

Vote FOR management proposals to change the date, time, and/or location of the annual meeting unless the proposed change is unreasonable.

Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals to change the date, time, and/or location of the annual meeting unless the current scheduling or location is unreasonable.

Transact Other Business

Vote AGAINST proposals to approve other business when it appears as voting item.

B. Board of Directors

Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections

Votes on director nominees should be made on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors who attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid excuse (such as illness, service to the nation, work on behalf of the company), sit on more than six public company boards or are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own— withhold only at their outside boards.


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Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from all nominees of the board of directors, (except from new nominees, who should be considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis) if:

 

    The company’s proxy indicates that not all directors attended 75% of the aggregate of their board and committee meetings, but fails to provide the required disclosure of the names of the directors involved. If this information cannot be obtained, vote against/withhold from all incumbent directors;

 

    The company’s poison pill has a dead-hand or modified dead-hand feature. Vote against/withhold every year until this feature is removed;

 

    The board adopts or renews a poison pill without shareholder approval, does not commit to putting it to shareholder vote within 12 months of adoption (or in the case of an newly public company, does not commit to put the pill to a shareholder vote within 12 months following the IPO), or reneges on a commitment to put the pill to a vote, and has not yet received a withhold/against recommendation for this issue;

 

    The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval by a majority of the shares outstanding the previous year (a management proposal with other than a FOR recommendation by management will not be considered as sufficient action taken);

 

    The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of the shareholders tendered their shares;

 

    At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the underlying issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote;

 

    The board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with a sustained performance relative to its peers.

 

    The company is a Russell 3000 company sustained poor performance as measured by one- and three-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s industry group (GICS group);

 

    The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election-any or all appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable.

 

    The board amends the company’s bylaws or charter without shareholder approval in a manner that materially diminishes shareholders’ rights or that could adversely impact shareholders.

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from Inside Directors and Affiliated Outside Directors when:

 

    The inside or affiliated outside director serves on any of the three key committees: audit, compensation, or nominating;

 

    The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board functions as that committee;

 

    The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if board attests that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee;


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    The full board is less than majority independent.

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Audit Committee if:

 

    The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive;

 

    The company receives an adverse opinion on the company’s financial statements from its auditors; or

 

    There is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on members of the Audit Committee and/or the full board if poor accounting practices are identified which rise to a level of serious concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures.

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee if there is a negative correlation between the chief executive’s pay and company performance, if the company reprices underwater options for stock, cash or other consideration without prior shareholder approval, even if allowed in their equity plan, the company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a shareholder vote or to fulfill the terms of a burn rate commitment they made to shareholders, the company has backdated options or poor compensation practices.

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors, individually or the entire board, for egregious actions or failure to replace management as appropriate.

Age Limits

Vote AGAINST shareholder or management proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors through mandatory retirement ages.

Board Size

Vote FOR proposals seeking to fix the board size or designate a range for the board size.

Vote AGAINST proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board outside of a specified range without shareholder approval.

Classification/Declassification of the Board

Vote AGAINST proposals to classify the board. Vote FOR proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.


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Cumulative Voting

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.

Generally vote FOR proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting unless:

 

    The company has proxy access or a similar structure to allow shareholders to nominate directors to the company’s ballot; and

 

    The company has adopted a majority vote standard, with a carve-out for plurality voting in situations where there are more nominees than seats, and a director resignation policy to address failed elections.

Vote FOR proposals for cumulative voting at controlled companies (insider voting power greater than 50%).

Director and Officer Indemnification and Liability Protection

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals on director and officer indemnification and liability protection.

Vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate entirely directors’ and officers’ liability for monetary damages for violating the duty of care.

Vote AGAINST indemnification proposals that would expand coverage beyond just legal expenses to liability for acts, such as negligence, that are more serious violations of fiduciary obligation than mere carelessness.

Vote AGAINST proposals that would expand the scope of indemnification to provide for mandatory indemnification of company officials in connection with acts that previously the company was permitted to provide indemnification for at the discretion of the company’s board (i.e., “permissive indemnification”) but that previously the company was not required to indemnify.

Vote FOR only those proposals providing such expanded coverage in cases when a director’s or officer’s legal defense was unsuccessful if both of the following apply:

 

    If the director was found to have acted in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed was in the best interests of the company; and

 

    If only the director’s legal expenses would be covered.

Establish/Amend Nominee Qualifications

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals that establish or amend director qualifications. Votes should be based on how reasonable the criteria are and to what degree they may preclude dissident nominees from joining the board.

Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals requiring two candidates per board seat.


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Establishment of Board Committees Shareholder Proposals

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals to establish a new standing board committee, as such proposals seek a specific oversight mechanism/structure that potentially limits a company’s flexibility to determine an appropriate oversight mechanism for itself. However, the following factors will be considered:

 

    Existing oversight mechanisms (including current committee structure) regarding the issue for which board oversight is sought;

 

    Level of disclosure regarding the issue for which board oversight is sought;

 

    Company performance related to the issue for which board oversight is sought;

 

    Board committee structure compared to that of other companies in its industry sector; and/or

 

    The scope and structure of the proposal.

Establishment of Board Policy on Shareholder Engagement

Generally vote FOR shareholders proposals requesting that the board establish an internal mechanism/process, which may include a committee, in order to improve communications between directors and shareholders, unless the company has the following features, as appropriate:

 

    Established a communication structure that goes beyond the exchange requirements to facilitate the exchange of information between shareholders and members of the board;

 

    Effectively disclosed information with respect to this structure to its shareholders;

 

    Company has not ignored majority-supported shareholder proposals or a majority withhold vote on a director nominee; and

 

    The company has an independent chairman or a lead director, according to ISS’ definition. This individual must be made available for periodic consultation and direct communication with major shareholders.

Filling Vacancies/Removal of Directors

Vote AGAINST proposals that provide that directors may be removed only for cause.

Vote FOR proposals to restore shareholders’ ability to remove directors with or without cause.

Vote AGAINST proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies.

Vote FOR proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies.


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Independent Chairman (Separate Chairman/CEO)

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that the position of chairman be filled by an independent director unless the company maintains the following counterbalancing governance structure:

 

    Designated lead director elected by and from the independent board members with clearly delineated and comprehensive duties. (The role may alternatively reside with a presiding director, vice chairman, or rotating lead director; however the director must serve a minimum of one year in order to qualify as a lead director.) At a minimum these duties should include: preside at all meetings of the board at which the chairman is not present; serve as liaison between the chairman and the independent directors; approve information sent to the board; approve meeting agendas for the board; approve meeting schedules; has the authority to call meetings of the independent directors; if requested by major shareholders, ensure that he is available for consultations and direct communication;

 

    Two-thirds independent board;

 

    All-independent key committees;

 

    Established governance guidelines;

 

    The company does not under perform its peers; and

 

    The company does not have any problematic governance issues.

Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Committees

Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that a majority or more of directors be independent unless the board composition already meets the proposed threshold by ISS’ definition of independent outsider.

Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that board audit, compensation, and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors if they currently do not meet that standard.

Majority Vote Shareholder Proposals

Generally vote FOR reasonable shareholder proposals calling for directors to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast (including precatory and binding resolutions requesting that the board amend the company’s bylaws), provided the proposal includes a carve-out for a plurality voting standard when there are more director nominees than board seats (e.g., contested elections). Companies are strongly encouraged to also adopt a director resignation policy that will provide guidelines to address the situation of a holdover director.

Proxy Access

Generally vote FOR management and shareholder proposals asking for proxy access with the following provisions:

 

    Ownership threshold: maximum requirement not more than three percent (3%) of the voting power;


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    Ownership duration: maximum requirement not longer than three (3) years of continuous ownership for each member of the nominating group;

 

    Aggregation: minimal or no limits on the number of shareholders permitted to form a nominating group;

 

    Cap: cap on nominees of generally twenty-five percent (25%) of the board.

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that are more restrictive than these guidelines.

Performance Evaluation for Directors

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors nominees of Russell 3000 companies if board lacks accountability and oversight coupled with underperformed relative to their industry peers. The criterion used to measure such underperformance is the one- and three-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s GICS industry group.

Stock Ownership Requirements

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While stock ownership on the part of directors is desired, the company should determine the appropriate ownership requirement.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking that the company adopt a holding or retention period for its executives (for holding stock after the vesting or exercise of equity awards), taking into account any stock ownership requirements or holding period/retention ratio already in place and the actual ownership level of executives.

Vote No Campaigns

In cases when companies are targeted in connection with public “vote no” campaigns, evaluate director nominees under the existing governance policies for voting on director nominees in uncontested elections. In issuing vote recommendations, consider arguments submitted by shareholders and other publicly-available information.

Term Limits

Vote AGAINST shareholder or management proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors through term limits. However, scrutinize boards where the average tenure of all directors exceeds 15 years for independence from management and for sufficient turnover to ensure that new perspectives are being added to the board.


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C. Proxy Contests

Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections

Votes in a contested election of directors must be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering: the long-term financial performance; management’s track record: qualifications of director nominees (both slates): background to the proxy contest: strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management: likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates); and stock ownership positions.

In the case of candidates nominated pursuant to proxy access, vote CASE-BY-CASE considering the applicable factors listed above or additional factors which may be relevant, including those that are specific to the company, to the nominee(s) and/or to the nature of the election (such as whether or not there are more candidates than board seats).

Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. Where ISS recommends in favor of the dissidents, it also recommends voting FOR reimbursing proxy solicitation expenses associated with the election.

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for the reimbursement of reasonable costs incurred in connection with nominating one or more candidates in a contested election where the following apply:

 

    The election of fewer than 50% of the directors to be elected is contested in the election;

 

    One or more of the dissident’s candidates is elected;

 

    Shareholders are not permitted to cumulate their votes for directors; and

 

    The election occurred, and the expenses were incurred, after the adoption of this bylaw.

Proxy Voting Disclosure, Confidentiality and Tabulation

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding proxy voting mechanics, taking into consideration whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder rights. Specific issues covered under the policy include, but are not limited to, confidential voting of individual proxies and ballots, confidentiality of running vote tallies, and the treatment of abstentions and/or broker non-votes in the company’s vote-counting methodology.

D. Antitakeover Defenses and Voting Related Issues

Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals/Nominations

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on advance notice proposals, supporting those proposals which allow shareholders to submit proposals as close to the meeting date as reasonably possible and within the broadest window possible.

Amend Bylaws without Shareholder Consent

Vote AGAINST proposals giving the board exclusive authority to amend the bylaws.


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Vote FOR proposals giving the board the ability to amend the bylaws in addition to shareholders.

Poison Pills

Vote FOR shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification or redeem it UNLESS the company has: (1) A shareholder approved poison pill in place; or (2) The company has adopted a policy concerning the adoption of a pill in the future specifying that the board will only adopt a shareholder rights plan if either:

 

    Shareholders have approved the adoption of the plan; or

 

    The board determines that it is in the best interest of shareholders under the circumstances to adopt a pill without the delay of seeking shareholder approval (i.e. the “fiduciary out” provision). A poison pill adopted under the fiduciary out will require a shareholder ratification vote within twelve months of adoption or expire. If the pill is not approved by a majority of the votes cast on this issue, the plan will immediately terminate.

Vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for poison pills to be put to a vote less than one year after adoption. If the company has no non-shareholder approved poison pill in place and has adopted a policy with the provisions outlined above, vote AGAINST the proposal. If these conditions are not met, vote FOR the proposal, but with the caveat that a vote within twelve months would be considered sufficient.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of the shareholder rights plan, including no lower than a 20% trigger, flip-in or flip-over, a term of no more than three years, no dead-hand, slow-hand, no-hand or similar feature that limits the ability of a future board to redeem the pill, and shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause); if the board refuses to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced, 10% of the shares may call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill.

In addition, vote WITHHOLD/AGAINST the entire board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis) if the board adopts or renews a poison pill with out shareholder approval, does not commit to putting it to a shareholder vote within twelve months of adoption, or reneges on a commitment to put the pill to a vote, and has not yet received a withhold recommendation for that issue.

Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent

Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent.


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Vote FOR proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.

Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings

Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings.

Vote FOR proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to call special meetings.

Supermajority Vote Requirements

Vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote.

Vote FOR proposals to lower supermajority vote requirements.

E. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings

Overall Approach

Vote CASE-BY-CASE for mergers and acquisitions, review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:

 

    Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market reaction and strategic rationale.

 

    Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal.

 

    Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.

 

    Negotiations and process - Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm’s-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Significant negotiation “wins” can also signify the deal makers’ competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value.

 

    Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. The CIC figure is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists.


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    Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.

Appraisal Rights

Vote FOR proposals to restore or provide shareholders with rights of appraisal.

Asset Purchases

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on asset purchase proposals, considering the following factors:

 

    Purchase price;

 

    Fairness opinion;

 

    Financial and strategic benefits;

 

    How the deal was negotiated;

 

    Conflicts of interest;

 

    Other alternatives for the business;

 

    Non-completion risk.

Asset Sales

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on asset sales, considering the following factors:

 

    Impact on the balance sheet/working capital;

 

    Potential elimination of diseconomies;

 

    Anticipated financial and operating benefits;

 

    Anticipated use of funds;

 

    Value received for the asset;

 

    Fairness opinion;

 

    How the deal was negotiated;

 

    Conflicts of interest.

Bundled Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on bundled or “conditional” proxy proposals. In the case of items that are conditioned upon each other, examine the benefits and costs of the packaged items. In instances when the joint effect of the conditioned items is not in shareholders’ best interests, vote AGAINST the proposals. If the combined effect is positive, support such proposals.

Conversion of Securities

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding conversion of securities. When evaluating these proposals the investor should review the dilution to existing shareholders, the conversion price relative to market value, financial issues, control issues, termination penalties, and conflicts of interest. Vote FOR the conversion if it is expected that the company will be subject to onerous penalties or will be forced to file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.


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Corporate Reorganization/Debt Restructuring/Prepackaged Bankruptcy Plans/Reverse Leveraged Buyouts/Wrap Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase common and/or preferred shares and to issue shares as part of a debt restructuring plan, taking into consideration the following:

 

    Dilution to existing shareholders’ position;

 

    Terms of the offer;

 

    Financial issues;

 

    Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives;

 

    Control issues;

 

    Conflicts of interest.

Vote FOR the debt restructuring if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.

Formation of Holding Company

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding the formation of a holding company, taking into consideration the following:

 

    The reasons for the change;

 

    Any financial or tax benefits;

 

    Regulatory benefits;

 

    Increases in capital structure;

 

    Changes to the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the company.

Absent compelling financial reasons to recommend the transaction, vote AGAINST the formation of a holding company if the transaction would include either of the following:

 

    Increases in common or preferred stock in excess of the allowable maximum;

 

    Adverse changes in shareholder rights.

Going Private and Going Dark Transactions (LBOs and Minority Squeezeouts)

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on going private transactions, taking into account the following:

 

    Offer price/premium;

 

    Fairness opinion;

 

    How the deal was negotiated;

 

    Conflicts of interest;

 

    Other alternatives/offers considered; and

 

    Non-completion risk.


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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on “going dark” transactions, determining whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by taking into consideration:

 

    Whether the company has attained benefits from being publicly-traded (examination of trading volume, liquidity, and market research of the stock); and

 

    Whether the interests of continuing and cashed-out shareholders are balanced.

Joint Ventures

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to form joint ventures, taking into account the following:

 

    Percentage of assets/business contributed;

 

    Percentage ownership;

 

    Financial and strategic benefits;

 

    Governance structure;

 

    Conflicts of interest;

 

    Other alternatives;

 

    Noncompletion risk.

Liquidations

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on liquidations, taking into account the following:

 

    Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives;

 

    Appraisal value of assets; and

 

    The compensation plan for executives managing the liquidation.

Vote FOR the liquidation if the company will file for bankruptcy if the proposal is not approved.

Mergers and Acquisitions/ Issuance of Shares to Facilitate Merger or Acquisition

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions, determining whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by giving consideration to items listed under “Mergers and Corporate Restructurings: Overall Approach.”

Private Placements/Warrants/Convertible Debentures

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding private placements, warrants and convertible debentures, taking into consideration:

 

    Dilution to existing shareholders’ position;

 

    Terms of the offer;

 

    Financial issues;

 

    Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives;

 

    Control issues;

 

    Conflicts of interest; and

 

    Market reaction.

Vote FOR the private placement or for the issuance of warrants and convertible debentures in a private placement if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.


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Special Purpose Acquisition Corporations (SPACs)

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on SPAC mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:

 

    Valuation – Is the value being paid by the SPAC reasonable? SPACs generally lack an independent fairness opinion and the financials on the target may be limited. Compare the conversion price with the intrinsic value of the target company provided in the fairness opinion. Also, evaluate the proportionate value of the combined entity attributable to the SPAC IPO shareholders versus the pre-merger value of SPAC. Additionally, a private company discount may be applied to the target, if it is a private entity.

 

    Market reaction – How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction may be a cause for concern. Market reaction may be addressed by analyzing the one-day impact on the unaffected stock price.

 

    Deal timing – A main driver for most transactions is that the SPAC charter typically requires the deal to be complete within 18 to 24 months, or the SPAC is to be liquidated. Evaluate the valuation, market reaction, and potential conflicts of interest for deals that are announced close to the liquidation date.

 

    Negotiations and process – What was the process undertaken to identify potential target companies within specified industry or location specified in charter? Consider the background of the sponsors.

 

    Conflicts of interest – How are sponsors benefiting from the transaction compared to IPO shareholders? Potential conflicts could arise if a fairness opinion is issued by the insiders to qualify the deal rather than a third party or if management is encouraged to pay a higher price for the target because of an 80% rule (the charter requires that the fair market value of the target is at least equal to 80% of net assets of the SPAC). Also, there may be sense of urgency by the management team of the SPAC to close the deal since its charter typically requires a transaction to be completed within the 18-24 month timeframe.

 

    Voting agreements – Are the sponsors entering into enter into any voting agreements/ tender offers with shareholders who are likely to vote against the proposed merger or exercise conversion rights?

 

    Governance – What is the impact of having the SPAC CEO or founder on key committees following the proposed merger?

Spinoffs

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on spin-offs, considering:

 

    Tax and regulatory advantages;

 

    Planned use of the sale proceeds;

 

    Valuation of spinoff;

 

    Fairness opinion;

 

    Benefits to the parent company;

 

    Conflicts of interest;

 

    Managerial incentives;

 

    Corporate governance changes;

 

    Changes in the capital structure.


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Value Maximization Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals seeking to maximize shareholder value by hiring a financial advisor to explore strategic alternatives, selling the company or liquidating the company and distributing the proceeds to shareholders. These proposals should be evaluated based on the following factors:

 

    Prolonged poor performance with no turnaround in sight;

 

    Signs of entrenched board and management;

 

    Strategic plan in place for improving value;

 

    Likelihood of receiving reasonable value in a sale or dissolution; and

 

    Whether company is actively exploring its strategic options, including retaining a financial advisor.

F. State of Incorporation

Control Share Acquisition Provisions

Control share acquisition statutes function by denying shares their voting rights when they contribute to ownership in excess of certain thresholds. Voting rights for those shares exceeding ownership limits may only be restored by approval of either a majority or supermajority of disinterested shares. Thus, control share acquisition statutes effectively require a hostile bidder to put its offer to a shareholder vote or risk voting disenfranchisement if the bidder continues buying up a large block of shares.

Vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share acquisition statutes unless doing so would enable the completion of a takeover that would be detrimental to shareholders.

Vote AGAINST proposals to amend the charter to include control share acquisition provisions.

Vote FOR proposals to restore voting rights to the control shares.

Control Share Cash-Out Provisions

Control share cash-out statutes give dissident shareholders the right to “cash-out” of their position in a company at the expense of the shareholder who has taken a control position. In other words, when an investor crosses a preset threshold level, remaining shareholders are given the right to sell their shares to the acquirer, who must buy them at the highest acquiring price.

Vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share cash-out statutes.

Disgorgement Provisions

Disgorgement provisions require an acquirer or potential acquirer of more than a certain percentage of a company’s stock to disgorge, or pay back; to the company any profits realized from the sale of that company’s stock purchased 24 months before achieving control status. All sales of company stock by the acquirer occurring within a certain period of time (between 18 months and 24 months) prior to the investor’s gaining control status are subject to these recapture-of-profits provisions.


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Vote FOR proposals to opt out of state disgorgement provisions.

Fair Price Provisions

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to adopt fair price provisions (provisions that stipulate that an acquirer must pay the same price to acquire all shares as it paid to acquire the control shares), evaluating factors such as the vote required to approve the proposed acquisition, the vote required to repeal the fair price provision, and the mechanism for determining the fair price.

Generally, vote AGAINST fair price provisions with shareholder vote requirements greater than a majority of disinterested shares.

Freeze-Out Provisions

Vote FOR proposals to opt out of state freeze-out provisions. Freeze-out provisions force an investor who surpasses a certain ownership threshold in a company to wait a specified period of time before gaining control of the company.

Greenmail

Greenmail payments are targeted share repurchases by management of company stock from individuals or groups seeking control of the company. Since only the hostile party receives payment, usually at a substantial premium over the market value of its shares, the practice discriminates against all other shareholders.

Vote FOR proposals to adopt anti-greenmail charter or bylaw amendments or otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on anti-greenmail proposals when they are bundled with other charter or bylaw amendments.

Reincorporation Proposals

Proposals to change a company’s state of incorporation should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns, including the reasons for reincorporating, a comparison of the governance provisions, and a comparison of the economic benefits and jurisdictional laws.

Vote FOR reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance changes.


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Stakeholder Provisions

Vote AGAINST proposals that ask the board to consider non-shareholder constituencies or other non-financial effects when evaluating a merger or business combination.

State Antitakeover Statutes

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to opt in or out of state takeover statutes (including fair price provisions, stakeholder laws, poison pill endorsements, severance pay and labor contract provisions and anti-greenmail provisions).

G. Capital Structure

Adjustments to Par Value of Common Stock

Vote FOR management proposals to reduce the par value of common stock unless the action is being taken to facilitate an anti-takeover device or some other negative corporate governance action.

Vote FOR management proposals to eliminate par value.

Common Stock Authorization

Vote FOR proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support.

Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class of common stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of common stock that has superior voting rights.

Vote AGAINST proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares if a vote for a reverse stock split on the same ballot is warranted despite the fact that the authorized shares would not be reduced proportionally.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance taking into account the rationale for the proposed increase, the dilutive impact of the request as determined through a model developed by ISS, the board’s governance structure and practices, and risks to shareholders of not approving the request.

Dual-Class Stock

Vote AGAINST proposals to create a new class of common stock unless the company discloses a compelling rationale for dual class capital structure, the new class is intended for financing purposes with minimal to no dilution to current shareholders and the new class is not designed to preserve or increase the voting power of an insider or significant shareholder.


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Issue Stock for Use with Rights Plan

Vote AGAINST proposals that increase authorized common stock for the explicit purpose of implementing a non-shareholder approved shareholder rights plan (poison pill).

Preemptive Rights

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals that seek preemptive rights, taking into consideration: the size of a company, the characteristics of its shareholder base, and the liquidity of the stock.

Preferred Stock

Vote FOR proposals to increase the number of authorized preferred shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support.

Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class or series of preferred stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class or series of preferred stock that has superior voting rights.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of preferred stock authorized for issuance.

Recapitalization

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on recapitalizations (reclassifications of securities), taking into account the following:

 

    More simplified capital structure;

 

    Enhanced liquidity;

 

    Fairness of conversion terms;

 

    Impact on voting power and dividends;

 

    Reasons for the reclassification;

 

    Conflicts of interest; and

 

    Other alternatives considered.

Reverse Stock Splits

Vote FOR management proposals to implement a reverse stock split when the number of authorized shares will be proportionately reduced.

Vote FOR management proposals to implement a reverse stock split to avoid delisting.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to implement a reverse stock split that do not proportionately reduce the number of shares authorized for issue based on the allowable increased calculated in accordance with ISS’ Common Stock Authorization policy.


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Share Repurchase Programs

Vote FOR management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms.

Stock Distributions: Splits and Dividends

Vote FOR management proposals to increase the common share authorization for a stock split or share dividend, provided that the increase in authorized shares would not result in an excessive number of shares available for issuance as determined using a model developed by ISS.

Tracking Stock

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the creation of tracking stock, weighing the strategic value of the transaction against such factors as:

 

    Adverse governance changes;

 

    Excessive increases in authorized capital stock;

 

    Unfair method of distribution;

 

    Diminution of voting rights;

 

    Adverse conversion features;

 

    Negative impact on stock option plans; and

 

    Alternatives such as spin-off.

H. Executive and Director Compensation

Equity Compensation Plans

Votes with respect to equity compensation plans should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Vote AGAINST the plan if:

 

    The total cost of the company’s equity plans is unreasonable;

 

    The plan expressly permits the repricing of stock options without prior shareholder approval;

 

    There is a disconnect between CEO pay and the company’s performance;

 

    The company’s most recent three year burn rate exceeds one standard deviation over the industry mean and is over 2% of the common shares outstanding;

 

    The plan provides for the acceleration of vesting of equity awards even though an actual change in control may not occur; or

 

    The plan is a vehicle for poor pay practices.

Other Compensation Proposals and Policies

401(k) Employee Benefit Plans

Vote FOR proposals to implement a 401(k) savings plan for employees.


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Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay) Management Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals for an advisory vote on executive compensation. Vote AGAINST these resolutions in cases where boards have failed to demonstrate good stewardship of investors’ interests regarding executive compensation practices. The global principles and factors that should be considered are: appropriate pay-for-performance alignment with emphasis on long-term shareholder value, avoid arrangements that risk “pay for failure,” maintain an independent and effective compensation committee, provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures, and avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors.

Insufficient Executive Compensation Disclosure by Externally Managed Issuers

For externally-managed issuers (EMIs), generally vote AGAINST say-on-pay proposal when insufficient compensation disclosure precludes a reasonable assessment of pay programs and practices applicable to EMIs executives.

Director Compensation

Votes on compensation plans for non-employee directors should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, based on the cost of the plans against the company’s allowable cap. Vote for the plan if ALL of the following qualitative factors in the board’s compensation plan are met and disclosed in the proxy statement:

 

    Director stock ownership guidelines with a minimum of three times the annual cash retainer.

 

    A vesting schedule or mandatory holding deferral period.

 

    A balanced mix between cash and equity. If the mix is heavier on equity, the vesting schedule or deferral period should be more stringent, with the lesser of five years or the term of directorship.

 

    No retirement/benefits and perquisites for non-employee directors; and

 

    A table with a detailed disclosure of the cash and equity compensation for each non-employee director for the most recent fiscal year.

Director Retirement Plans

Vote AGAINST retirement plans for non-employee directors.

Vote FOR shareholder proposals to eliminate retirement plans for non-employee directors.

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)

Vote FOR proposals to implement an ESOP or increase authorized shares for existing ESOPs, unless the number of shares allocated to the ESOP is excessive (more than five percent of outstanding shares).


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Employee Stock Purchase Plans—Qualified Plans

Votes on qualified employee stock purchase plans should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Vote FOR employee stock purchase plans where purchase price is at least 85% of the fair market value, offering period is 27 months or less and the number of shares allocated to the plan is 10% or less of the outstanding shares.

Vote AGAINST qualified employee stock purchase plans where the purchase price is less than 85 percent of fair market value, the offering period is greater than 27 months or the number of shares allocated to the plan is more than ten percent of the outstanding shares.

Employee Stock Purchase Plans—Non-Qualified Plans

Votes on nonqualified employee stock purchase plans should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Vote FOR plans with broad-based participation (i.e. all employees excluding individuals with 5% or more beneficial ownership of the company), limits on employee contribution (a fixed dollar amount or percentage of base salary), company matching contribution up to 25% of employee’s contribution, which is effectively a discount of 20% from market value and no discount on the stock price on the date of purchase since there is a company matching contribution.

Vote AGAINST nonqualified employee stock purchase plans when any of the plan features do not meet the above criteria. If the company matching contribution exceeds 25 percent of employee’s contribution, evaluate the cost of the plan against its allowable cap.

Incentive Bonus Plans and Tax Deductibility Proposals (OBRA-Related Compensation Proposals)

Vote FOR proposals that simply amend shareholder-approved compensation plans to include administrative features or place a cap on the annual grants any one participant may receive to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Vote FOR proposals to add performance goals to existing compensation plans to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m) unless they are clearly inappropriate.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on amendments to existing plans to increase shares reserved and to qualify for favorable tax treatment under the provisions of Section 162(m) as long as the plan does not exceed the allowable cap and the plan does not violate any of the supplemental policies.

Generally vote FOR cash or cash and stock bonus plans that are submitted to shareholders for the purpose of exempting compensation from taxes under the provisions of Section 162(m) if no increase in shares is requested.


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Vote AGAINST proposals if the compensation committee does not fully consist of independent outsiders, as defined by ISS’ classification of director independence, or the plan contains excessive problematic provisions.

Options Backdating

In cases where a company has practiced options backdating, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD on a CASE-BY-CASE basis from the members of the compensation committee, depending on the severity of the practices and corrective measures on the part of the board. Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the compensation committee members who oversaw the questionable options grant practices or from current compensation committee members who fail to respond to the issue proactively, depending on several factors, including but not limited to, the following factors: reason and motive for the backdating; length of time of backdating; size of restatement due to backdating; corrective action taken by the board or compensation committee; adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating, with a fixed grant schedule going forward.

Option Exchange Programs/Repricing Options

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/reprice options taking into consideration historic trading patterns, rationale for the re-pricing, whether it is a value-for-value exchange, whether surrendered stock options are added back to the plan reserve, option vesting, term of the option, exercise price, and participants. Also, evaluate the intent, rationale, and timing of the repricing proposal. Repricing after a recent decline in stock price triggers additional scrutiny and a potential AGAINST vote on the proposal.

Vote FOR shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote.

Stock Plans in Lieu of Cash

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on plans that provide participants with the option of taking all or a portion of their cash compensation in the form of stock.

Vote FOR non-employee director-only equity plans that provide a dollar-for-dollar cash-for-stock exchange.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on plans which do not provide a dollar-for-dollar cash for stock exchange.


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Transfer Programs of Stock Options

One-time Transfers: Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from compensation committee members if they fail to submit one-time transfers to shareholders for approval.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on one-time transfers. Vote FOR if the executive officers and non-employee directors are excluded from participating, stock options are purchased by third-party financial institutions at a discount to their appropriate fair value using option pricing models and there is a two-year minimum holding period for sale proceeds (cash or stock) for all participants.

Vote AGAINST equity plan proposals if the details of ongoing TSO programs are not provided to shareholders.

Shareholder Proposals on Compensation

Compensation Consultants- Disclosure of Board or Company’s Utilization

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking disclosure regarding the Company, Board, or Compensation Committee’s use of compensation consultants, such as company name, business relationship(s) and fees paid.

Disclosure/Setting Levels or Types of Compensation for Executives and Directors

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director pay information, provided the information requested is relevant to shareholders’ needs, would not put the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its industry, and is not unduly burdensome to the company.

Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals seeking to set absolute levels on compensation or otherwise dictate the amount or form of compensation.

Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals requiring director fees be paid in stock only.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account company performance, pay level versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long-term corporate outlook.

Golden Coffins/Executive Death Benefits

Generally vote FOR proposals calling companies to adopt a policy of obtaining shareholder approval for any future agreements and corporate policies that could oblige the company to make payments or awards following the death of a senior executive in the form of unearned salary or bonuses, accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites and other payments or awards made in lieu of compensation. This would not apply to any benefit programs or equity plan proposals that the broad-based employee population is eligible.


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Hold Equity Past Retirement or for a Significant Period of Time

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to adopt policies requiring senior executive officers to retain a portion of net shares acquired through compensation plans taking into account: percentage/ratio of net shares required to be retained; time period required to retain shares; whether the company has equity retention, holding period and/or stock ownership requirements in place; whether the company has any other policies aimed at mitigating risk taking by executives; executives’ actual stock ownership; and problematic pay practices.

Pay for Superior Performance

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals that requests the board establish a pay-for-superior performance standard in the company’s executive compensation plan for senior executives. These proposals generally include the following principles: set compensation targets for the Plan’s annual and longterm incentive pay components at or below the peer group median, deliver a majority of the Plan’s target long-term compensation through performance-vested, not simply time-vested, equity awards, provide the strategic rationale and relative weightings of the financial and non-financial performance metrics or criteria used in the annual and performance-vested long-term incentive components of the plan, establish performance targets for each plan financial metric relative to the performance of the company’s peer companies and limit payment under the annual and performance-vested long-term incentive components of the plan to when the company’s performance on its selected financial performance metrics exceeds peer group median performance.

Performance-Based Awards

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposal requesting that a significant amount of future long-term incentive compensation awarded to senior executives shall be performance-based and requesting that the board adopt and disclose challenging performance metrics to shareholders, based on the following analytical steps:

 

    First, vote FOR shareholder proposals advocating the use of performance-based equity awards unless the proposal is overly restrictive or if the company has demonstrated that it is using a “substantial” portion of performance-based awards for its top executives.

 

    Second, assess the rigor of the company’s performance-based equity program. If the bar set for the performance-based program is too low based on the company’s historical or peer group comparison, generally vote FOR the proposal. Furthermore, if target performance results in an above target payout, vote FOR the shareholder proposal due to program’s poor design. If the company does not disclose the performance metric of the performance-based equity program, vote FOR the shareholder proposal regardless of the outcome of the first step to the test.


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In general, vote FOR the shareholder proposal if the company does not meet both of the above two steps.

Pre-Arranged Trading Plans (10b5-1 Plans)

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for certain principles regarding the use of prearranged trading plans (10b5-1 plans) for executives. These principles include:

 

    Adoption, amendment, or termination of a 10b5-1 Plan must be disclosed within two business days in a Form 8-K;

 

    Amendment or early termination of a 10b5-1 Plan is allowed only under extraordinary circumstances, as determined by the board;

 

    Ninety days must elapse between adoption or amendment of a 10b5-1 Plan and initial trading under the plan;

 

    Reports on Form 4 must identify transactions made pursuant to a 10b51 Plan;

 

    An executive may not trade in company stock outside the 10b5-1 Plan.

 

    Trades under a 10b5-1 Plan must be handled by a broker who does not handle other securities transactions for the executive.

Recoup Bonuses

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to recoup unearned incentive bonuses or other incentive payments made to senior executives if it is later determined that fraud, misconduct, or negligence significantly contributed to a restatement of financial results that led to the awarding of unearned incentive compensation, taking into consideration:

 

    If the company has adopted a formal recoupment bonus policy;

 

    If the company has chronic restatement history or material financial problems; or

 

    If the company’s policy substantially addresses the concerns raised by the proponent.

Severance Agreements for Executives/Golden Parachutes

Vote FOR shareholder proposals to require golden parachutes or executive severance agreements to be submitted for shareholder ratification, unless the proposal requires shareholder approval prior to entering into employment contracts. Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals to ratify or cancel golden parachutes. An acceptable parachute should include:

 

    A trigger beyond the control of management;

 

    The amount should not exceed three times base amount (defined as the average annual taxable W-2 compensation during the five years prior to the year in which the change of control occurs); Change-in-control payments should be double-triggered, i.e., (1) after a change in the company’s ownership structure has taken place, and (2) termination of the executive as a result of the change in control (defined as a change in the company ownership structure).


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Share Buyback Holding Periods

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals prohibiting executives from selling shares of company stock during periods in which the company has announced that it may or will be repurchasing shares of its stock.

Vote FOR the proposal when there is a pattern of abuse by executives exercising options or selling shares during periods of share buybacks.

Stock Ownership or Holding Period Guidelines

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While ISS favors stock ownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership requirement.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to adopt holding period or retention ratios for their executives, taking into account:

 

    Whether the company has any holding period, retention ratio, or officer ownership requirements in place. These should consist of:

 

    Rigorous stock ownership guidelines, or

 

    A short-term holding period requirement (six months to one year) coupled with a significant long-term ownership requirement, or

 

    A meaningful retention ratio,

 

    Actual officer stock ownership and the degree to which it meets or exceeds the proponent’s suggested holding period/retention ratio or the company’s own stock ownership or retention requirements;

 

    Problematic pay practices, current and past, which may promote a short-term versus a long-term focus.

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERPs)

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting to put extraordinary benefits contained in SERP agreements to a shareholder vote unless the company’s executive pension plans do not contain excessive benefits beyond what is offered under employee-wide plans.

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting to limit the executive benefits provided under the company’s supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) by limiting covered compensation to a senior executive’s annual salary and excluding of all incentive or bonus pay from the plan’s definition of covered compensation used to establish such benefits.


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Termination of Employment Prior to Severance Payment and Eliminating Accelerated Vesting of Unvested Equity

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals seeking a policy requiring termination of employment prior to severance payment, and eliminating accelerated vesting of unvested equity. The following factors will be taken into regarding this policy:

 

    The company’s current treatment of equity in change-of-control situations (i.e. is it double triggered, does it allow for the assumption of equity by acquiring company, the treatment of performance shares;

 

    Current employment agreements, including potential poor pay practices such as gross-ups embedded in those agreements.

Generally vote FOR proposals seeking a policy that prohibits acceleration of the vesting of equity awards to senior executives in the event of a change in control ( except for pro rata vesting considering the time elapsed and attainment of any related performance goals between the award date and the change in control).

Tax Gross-Up Proposals

Generally vote FOR proposals calling for companies to adopt a policy of not providing tax gross-up payments to executives, except in situations where gross-ups are provided pursuant to a plan, policy, or arrangement applicable to management employees of the company, such as relocation or expatriate tax equalization policy.

I. Corporate Responsibility/Social and Environmental Issues

These issues cover a wide range of topics, including consumer and product safety, privacy, environment and energy policy, general corporate issues, labor standards, and animal and human rights. While a wide variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principal guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal will enhance the economic value of the company. Generally, vote FOR company’s efforts to diversify the board, disclosure of company reports on financial and legal impact, standards, policies, and liabilities including those related to drug re-importation, toxic chemicals, Concentrated Feeding Operations, greenhouse gas emissions and human rights reports requests. Generally, vote AGAINST certain methods of product testing on animal, certain privacy and labeling restraints, restrictions on drug re-importation, implementation of Controlled Atmosphere Killing methods, and barring political contributions. Vote CASE-BY-CASE on tobacco and toxic chemical-related proposals, drug pricing proposals, linking executive compensation to social performance, outsourcing/offshoring, requests for reports on a company’s lending guidelines and procedures, advertisements of tobacco products, information on a company’s lobbying initiatives, and political contribution disclosure.

A. Mutual Fund Proxies

Election of Directors

Votes on the election of directors and trustees should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis using the same guidelines for uncontested directors for public company shareholder meetings. However, mutual fund boards do not usually have compensation committees, so do not withhold for the lack of this committee.


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Converting Closed-end Fund to Open-end Fund

Votes on conversion proposals are evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis considering past performance as a closed-end fund, market in which the fund invests, measures taken by the board to address the discount and past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals.

Proxy Contests

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proxy contests, considering the following factors:

 

    Past performance relative to its peers;

 

    Market in which fund invests;

 

    Measures taken by the board to address the issues;

 

    Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals;

 

    Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents;

 

    Independence of directors;

 

    Experience and skills of director candidates;

 

    Governance profile of the company;

 

    Evidence of management entrenchment.

Investment Advisory Agreements

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on investment advisory agreements, considering the following factors:

 

    Proposed and current fee schedules;

 

    Fund category/investment objective;

 

    Performance benchmarks;

 

    Share price performance as compared with peers;

 

    Resulting fees relative to peers;

 

    Assignments (where the advisor undergoes a change of control).

Approving New Classes or Series of Shares

Vote FOR the establishment of new classes or series of shares.

Preferred Stock Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the authorization for or increase in preferred shares, considering the following factors:

 

    Stated specific financing purpose;

 

    Possible dilution for common shares;

 

    Whether the shares can be used for antitakeover purposes.

1940 Act Policies

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on policies under the Investment Advisor Act of 1940, considering the following factors:

 

    Potential competitiveness;


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    Regulatory developments;

 

    Current and potential returns; and

 

    Current and potential risk.

Generally vote FOR these amendments as long as the proposed changes do not fundamentally alter the investment focus of the fund and do comply with the current SEC interpretation.

Changing a Fundamental Restriction to a Nonfundamental Restriction

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to change a fundamental restriction to a non-fundamental restriction, considering the following factors:

 

    The fund’s target investments;

 

    The reasons given by the fund for the change; and

 

    The projected impact of the change on the portfolio.

Change Fundamental Investment Objective to Nonfundamental

Vote AGAINST proposals to change a fund’s fundamental investment objective to non-fundamental.

Name Change Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on name change proposals, considering the following factors:

 

    Political/economic changes in the target market;

 

    Consolidation in the target market; and

 

    Current asset composition.

Change in Fund’s Subclassification

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on changes in a fund’s sub-classification, considering the following factors:

 

    Potential competitiveness;

 

    Current and potential returns;

 

    Risk of concentration;

 

    Consolidation in target industry.

Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to dispose of assets, to terminate or liquidate, considering the following factors:

 

    Strategies employed to salvage the company;

 

    The fund’s past performance;

 

    The terms of the liquidation.


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Changes to the Charter Document

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on changes to the charter document, considering the following factors:

 

    The degree of change implied by the proposal;

 

    The efficiencies that could result;

 

    The state of incorporation;

 

    Regulatory standards and implications.

Vote AGAINST any of the following changes:

 

    Removal of shareholder approval requirement to reorganize or terminate the trust or any of its series;

 

    Removal of shareholder approval requirement for amendments to the new declaration of trust;

 

    Removal of shareholder approval requirement to amend the fund’s management contract, allowing the contract to be modified by the investment manager and the trust management, as permitted by the 1940 Act;

 

    Allow the trustees to impose other fees in addition to sales charges on investment in a fund, such as deferred sales charges and redemption fees that may be imposed upon redemption of a fund’s shares;

 

    Removal of shareholder approval requirement to engage in and terminate subadvisory arrangements;

 

    Removal of shareholder approval requirement to change the domicile of the fund.

Changing the Domicile of a Fund

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on re-incorporations, considering the following factors:

 

    Regulations of both states;

 

    Required fundamental policies of both states;

 

    The increased flexibility available.

Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisors Without Shareholder Approval

Vote AGAINST proposals authorizing the board to hire/terminate subadvisors without shareholder approval.

Distribution Agreements

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on distribution agreement proposals, considering the following factors:

 

    Fees charged to comparably sized funds with similar objectives;

 

    The proposed distributor’s reputation and past performance;

 

    The competitiveness of the fund in the industry;

 

    The terms of the agreement.


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Master-Feeder Structure

Vote FOR the establishment of a master-feeder structure.

Mergers

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on merger proposals, considering the following factors:

 

    Resulting fee structure;

 

    Performance of both funds;

 

    Continuity of management personnel;

 

    Changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights.

K. Shareholder Proposals for Mutual Funds

Establish Director Ownership Requirement

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a specific minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board.

Reimburse Shareholder for Expenses Incurred

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. When supporting the dissidents, vote FOR the reimbursement of the solicitation expenses.

Terminate the Investment Advisor

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to terminate the investment advisor, considering the following factors:

 

    Performance of the fund’s Net Asset Value (NAV);

 

    The fund’s history of shareholder relations;

 

    The performance of other funds under the advisor’s management.

II. Guidelines for International Securities (Securities traded in the non-U.S. listed or over-the-counter markets)

It is important to understand that corporate governance systems around the world are different, and the dogmatic application of policies developed for the U.S. corporate governance environment is not necessarily appropriate for foreign markets. The ultimate goal of proxy voting is to enhance long-term shareholder value through the effective use of the shareholder franchise. Achieving this goal internationally requires clear policy guidelines and flexibility in their application.

The Department of Labor has stated that for funds governed by ERISA, foreign proxies should be voted subject to a cost/benefit analysis. DCM attempts to secure notices of shareholder meetings of all international companies and cast votes for all shares held in those companies when it can be done cost-effectively.


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A. Operational Items

Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports

Vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless there are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used or the company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should be publicly disclosed.

Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Compensation

Vote FOR the reelection of auditors and proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees, unless there are serious concerns about the accounts presented or the audit procedures used, the auditors are being changed without explanation, or nonaudit-related fees are substantial or are routinely in excess of standard annual audit fees.

Vote AGAINST the appointment of external auditors if they have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.

Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors

Vote FOR the appointment or reelection of statutory auditors, unless there are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures used, questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed, or the auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.

Allocation of Income

Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income unless the dividend payout ration has been consistently below 30% without adequate explanation or the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position.

Amendments to Articles of Association

Vote amendments to the articles of association on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Change in Company Fiscal Term

Vote FOR resolutions to change a company’s fiscal term unless a company’s motivation for the change is to postpone its AGM.

Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership

Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5% unless specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.


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Amend Quorum Requirements

Vote proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Transact Other Business

Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.

B. Board of Directors

Director Elections

Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner, there are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements, there have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest, there are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests, and the board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards.

Vote FOR individual nominees unless there are specific concerns about the individual, such as criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities.

Vote AGAINST individual directors if they cannot provide an explanation for repeated absences at board meetings (in countries where this information is disclosed).

Vote CASE-BY-CASE for contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, determining which directors are best suited to add value for shareholders.

Director Compensation

Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry.

Vote non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.


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Discharge of Board and Management

Vote FOR discharge of the board and management, unless there is reliable information about significant and compelling controversies that the board is not fulfilling its fiduciary duties.

Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions

Vote proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify auditors.

Board Structure

Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.

Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.

Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the company or the board.

C. Capital Structure

Share Issuance Requests

General Issuances:

Vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100% over currently issued capital and those without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20% of currently issued capital.

Specific Issuances:

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.

Increases in Authorized Capital

Vote FOR nonspecific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100% over the current authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30% of its new authorization outstanding.

Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless the specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does not meet ISS’ guidelines for the purpose being proposed or the increase would leave the company with less than 30% of its new authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.


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Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.

Reduction of Capital

Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are unfavorable to shareholders.

Vote proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Capital Structures

Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one share, one vote capital structure.

Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual class capital structures or the creation of new or additional supervoting shares.

Preferred Stock

Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50% of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the rights of existing shareholders.

Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS’ guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting rights to the common shares.

Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.

Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Debt Issuance Requests

Vote nonconvertible debt issuance requests on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, with or without preemptive rights.

Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS’ guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.


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Pledging of Assets for Debt

Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Increase in Borrowing Powers

Vote proposals to approve increases in a company’s borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Share Repurchase Plans

Generally Vote FOR share repurchase plans, provided that the proposal allows 10% for market repurchase within any single authority and 10% of outstanding shares to be kept in treasury (“on the shelf”) and the duration does not exceed five years, or such lower threshold as may be set by applicable law, regulation or code of governance best practice.

Vote AGAINST any proposal when the repurchase can be used for takeover defenses, there is clear evidence of abuse, there is no safeguard against selective buybacks, and pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market practice.

Reissuance of Shares Repurchased

Vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this authority in the past.

Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase In Par Value

Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.

D. Other Items

Reorganizations/Restructurings

Vote reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Mergers and Acquisitions

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following: valuation; market reaction; strategic reaction; conflicts of interest; and governance.

Vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an informed voting decision.


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Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers

Vote proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Reincorporation Proposals

Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Expansion of Business Activities

Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into risky areas.

Related-Party Transactions

Vote related-party transactions on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Compensation Plans

Vote compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Antitakeover Mechanisms

Vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals unless they are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.

Shareholder Proposals

Generally vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. But, vote FOR proposals that would improve the company’s corporate governance or business profile at a reasonable cost and vote AGAINST proposals that limit the company’s business activities or capabilities or result in significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.

Obtaining Voting Information

Clients who are interested in obtaining information from DCM on how their securities were voted may contact the Relationship Management Department at 1-800-688-8819. In addition, the Relationship Management Department mails to each client an annual record of all proxies voted on behalf of that client.


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As of 3/7/18

FEDERATED EQUITY MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF PENNSYLVANIA

Proxy Voting Policies

Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania’s (“Federated”) general policy is to cast proxy votes in favor of management proposals and shareholder proposals that Federated anticipates will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. Generally, this will mean voting for proposals that Federated believes will: (a) improve the management of a company; (b) increase the rights or preferences of the voted securities; and/or (c) increase the chance that a premium offer would be made for the company or for the voted securities. This approach to voting proxy proposals will be referred to hereafter as the “General Policy.”

The following examples illustrate how the General Policy may apply to management proposals and shareholder proposals submitted for approval or ratification by holders of the company’s voting securities. However, whether Federated supports or opposes a proposal will always depend on the specific circumstances described in the proxy statement and other available information.

On matters related to the board of directors, generally Federated will vote to elect nominees to the board in uncontested elections except in certain circumstances, such as where the director: (1) had not attended at least 75% of the board meetings during the previous year; (2) serves as the company’s chief financial officer; (3) has committed himself or herself to service on a large number of boards, such that we deem it unlikely that the director would be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company; (4) is the chair of the nominating or governance committee when the roles of chairman of the board and CEO are combined and there is no lead independent director; (5) served on the compensation committee during a period in which compensation appears excessive relative to performance and peers; or (6) served on a board that did not implement a shareholder proposal that Federated supported and received more than 50% shareholder support the previous year. In addition, Federated will generally vote in favor of (7) a full slate of directors, where the directors are elected as a group and not individually, unless more than half of the nominees are not independent; (8) shareholder proposals to declassify the board of directors; (9) shareholder proposals to require a majority voting standard in the election of directors; (10) shareholder proposals to separate the roles of chairman of the board and CEO; and (11) a proposal to require a company’s audit committee to be comprised entirely of independent directors.

On other matters of corporate governance, generally Federated will vote in favor of: (1) proposals to grant shareholders the right to call a special meeting if owners of at least 25% of the outstanding stock agree; (2) a proposal to require independent tabulation of proxies and/or confidential voting of shareholders; (3) a proposal to ratify the board’s selection of auditors, unless: (a) compensation for non-audit services exceeded 50% of the total compensation received from the company; or (b) the previous auditor was dismissed because of a disagreement with the company; (4) a proposal to repeal a shareholder rights plan (also known as a “poison pill”) and against the adoption of such a plan, unless the plan is designed to facilitate, rather than prevent, unsolicited offers for the company; (5) shareholder proposals to eliminate supermajority requirements in company bylaws; and (6) shareholder proposals to allow shareholders owning at least 3% of the outstanding common stock for at least three years to nominate candidates for election to the board of directors (“Proxy Access”). Federated will generally withhold support from shareholder proposals to grant shareholders the right to act by written consent, especially if they already have the right to call a special meeting.

On environmental and social matters, generally Federated will vote in favor of shareholder proposals calling for enhanced disclosure of the company’s approach to (1) mitigating environmental risks, such as climate change; (2) monitoring gender pay equity; and (3) achieving and maintaining diversity on the board of directors. Generally Federated will not support shareholder proposals calling for limitations on political activity by the company, including political contributions, lobbying, and memberships in trade associations.


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On matters of capital structure, generally Federated will vote against a proposal to authorize or issue shares that are senior in priority or voting rights to the voted securities, and in favor of a proposal to: (1) reduce the amount of shares authorized for issuance (subject to adequate provisions for outstanding convertible securities, options, warrants, rights and other existing obligations to issue shares); (2) grant authorities to issue shares with and without pre-emptive rights unless the size of the authorities would threaten to unreasonably dilute existing shareholders; and (3) authorize a stock repurchase program.

On matters relating to management compensation, generally Federated will vote in favor of stock incentive plans (including plans for directors) that align the recipients of stock incentives with the interests of shareholders, without creating undue dilution, and against: (1) the advisory vote on executive compensation plans (“Say On Pay”) when the plan has failed to align executive compensation with corporate performance; (2) the advisory vote on the frequency of the Say On Pay vote when the frequency is other than annual; (3) proposals that would permit the amendment or replacement of outstanding stock incentives having more favorable terms (e.g., lower purchase prices or easier vesting requirements); and (4) executive compensation plans that do not disclose the maximum amounts of compensation that may be awarded or the criteria for determining awards.

On matters relating to corporate transactions, Federated will generally vote in favor of mergers, acquisitions, and sales of assets based upon Federated’s analysis of the proposed business strategy, the transaction price, and the expected impact on the total return for shareholders.

In addition, Federated will not vote any proxy if it determines that the consequences or costs of voting outweigh the potential benefit of voting. For example, if a foreign market requires shareholders voting proxies to retain the voted shares until the meeting date (thereby rendering the shares “illiquid” for some period of time), Federated will not vote proxies for such shares. In addition, Federated is not obligated to incur any expense to send a representative to a shareholder meeting or to translate proxy materials into English.

To the extent that Federated is permitted to loan securities, Federated will not have the right to vote on securities while they are on loan. However, Federated will take all reasonable steps to recall shares prior to the record date when the meeting raises issues that Federated believes materially affect shareholder value, including, but not limited to, excessive compensation, mergers and acquisitions, contested elections and weak oversight by the audit committee. However, there can be no assurance that Federated will have sufficient notice of such matters to be able to terminate the loan in time to vote thereon.

If proxies are not delivered in a timely or otherwise appropriate basis, Federated may not be able to vote a particular proxy.

Proxy Voting Procedures

Federated has established a Proxy Voting Committee (“Proxy Committee”), to exercise all voting discretion granted to Federated by the Board in accordance with the proxy voting policies. To assist it in carrying out the day-to-day operations related to proxy voting, the Proxy Committee has created the Proxy Voting Management Group (PVMG). The day-to-day operations related to proxy voting are carried out by the Proxy Voting Operations Team (PVOT) and overseen by the PVMG. This work includes, interacting with a proxy voting service on the Proxy Committee’s behalf; soliciting voting recommendations from Federated’s investment professionals, as necessary; bringing voting recommendations to the Proxy Committee from Federated’s investment professionals; filing any required proxy voting reports; providing proxy voting reports to clients and investment companies as they are requested from time to time; keeping the Proxy Committee informed of any issues related to proxy voting; and voting client shares as directed by the Proxy Committee.

Federated has hired a proxy voting service to obtain, vote and record proxies in accordance with the directions of the Proxy Committee. The Proxy Committee has supplied the proxy voting services with general instructions (the “Standard Voting Instructions”) that represent decisions made by the Proxy Committee in order to vote common proxy proposals. As the Proxy Committee believes that a shareholder vote is equivalent to an investment decision, the Proxy Committee retains the right to modify the Standard Voting Instructions at any time or to vote contrary to them at any time in order


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to cast proxy votes in a manner that the Proxy Committee believes is: (a) in the best interests of Federated’s clients (and shareholders of the funds advised by Federated); and (b) will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. The proxy voting service may vote any proxy as directed in the Standard Voting Instructions without further direction from the Proxy Committee. However, if the Standard Voting Instructions require case-by-case direction for a proposal, the PVOT will work with the investment professionals and the proxy voting service to develop a voting recommendation for the Proxy Committee and to communicate the Proxy Committee’s final voting decision to the proxy voting service. Further, if the Standard Voting Instructions require the PVOT to analyze a ballot question and make the final voting decision, the PVOT will report such votes to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis for review.

Conflicts of Interest

Federated has adopted procedures to address situations where a matter on which a proxy is sought may present a potential conflict between the interests of the Fund (and its shareholders) and those of Federated or Distributor. This may occur where a significant business relationship exists between Federated (or its affiliates) and a company involved with a proxy vote.

A company that is a proponent, opponent, or the subject of a proxy vote, and which to the knowledge of the Proxy Committee has this type of significant business relationship, is referred to below as an “Interested Company.”

Federated has implemented the following procedures in order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of Federated or its affiliates have influenced proxy votes. Any employee of Federated or its affiliates who is contacted by an Interested Company regarding proxies to be voted by Federated must refer the Interested Company to a member of the Proxy Committee, and must inform the Interested Company that the Proxy Committee has exclusive authority to determine how the proxy will be voted. Any Proxy Committee member contacted by an Interested Company must report it to the full Proxy Committee and provide a written summary of the communication. Under no circumstances will the Proxy Committee or any member of the Proxy Committee make a commitment to an Interested Company regarding the voting of proxies or disclose to an Interested Company how the Proxy Committee has directed such proxies to be voted. If the Standard Voting Instructions already provide specific direction on the proposal in question, the Proxy Committee shall not alter or amend such directions. If the Standard Voting Instructions require the Proxy Committee to provide further direction, the Proxy Committee shall do so in accordance with the proxy voting policies, without regard for the interests of Federated with respect to the Interested Company. If the Proxy Committee provides any direction as to the voting of proxies relating to a proposal affecting an Interested Company, it must disclose annually to the Fund’s Board information regarding: the significant business relationship; any material communication with the Interested Company; the matter(s) voted on; and how, and why, Federated voted as it did. In certain circumstances it may be appropriate for Federated to vote in the same proportion as all other shareholders, so as to not affect the outcome beyond helping to establish a quorum at the shareholders’ meeting. This is referred to as “proportional voting.” If the Fund owns shares of another Federated mutual fund, Federated will proportionally vote the client’s proxies for that fund or seek direction from the Board or the client on how the proposal should be voted. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated mutual fund, Federated may proportionally vote the Fund’s proxies for that fund depending on the size of the position. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated exchange-traded fund, Federated will proportionally vote the Fund’s proxies for that fund.

Downstream Affiliates

If the Proxy Committee gives further direction, or seeks to vote contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions, for a proxy relating to a portfolio company in which the Fund owns more than 10% of the portfolio company’s outstanding voting securities at the time of the vote (Downstream Affiliate), the Proxy Committee must first receive guidance from counsel to the Proxy Committee as to whether any relationship between Federated and the portfolio company, other than such ownership of the portfolio company’s securities, gives rise to an actual conflict of interest. If counsel determines that an actual conflict exists, the Proxy Committee must address any such conflict with the executive committee of the board of directors or trustees of any investment company client prior to taking any action on the proxy at issue.


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Proxy Advisers’ Conflicts of Interest

Proxy advisory firms may have significant business relationships with the subjects of their research and voting recommendations. For example, a proxy voting service client may be a public company with an upcoming shareholders’ meeting and the proxy voting service has published a research report with voting recommendations. In another example, a proxy voting service board member also sits on the board of a public company for which the proxy voting service will write a research report. These and similar situations give rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest. In order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the engaged proxy voting service have influenced proxy voting recommendations, Federated will take the following steps:

A due diligence team made up of employees of Federated and/or its affiliates will meet with the proxy voting service on an annual basis and determine through a review of their policies and procedures and through inquiry that the proxy voting service has established a system of internal controls that provide reasonable assurance that their voting recommendations are not influenced by the business relationships they have with the subjects of their research.

Whenever the standard voting guidelines call for voting a proposal in accordance with the proxy voting service recommendation and the proxy voting service has disclosed that they have a conflict of interest with respect to that issuer, the PVOT will take the following steps: (a) the PVOT will obtain a copy of the research report and recommendations published by another proxy voting service for that issuer; (b) the Head of the PVOT, or his designee, will review both the engaged proxy voting service research report and the research report of the other proxy voting service and determine what vote will be cast. The PVOT will report all proxies voted in this manner to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis. Alternatively, the PVOT may seek direction from the Committee on how the proposal shall be voted.

Proxy Voting Report

A report on “Form N-PX” of how the Fund voted any proxies during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available via the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.


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Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc.

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc., (the “Adviser”) shall vote proxies related to securities held by our clients for which we serve as the investment adviser in the best interest of our clients. All references in these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures are limited solely to clients for which we have agreed to vote such proxies. A client may reserve to itself the right to vote proxies.

The Adviser’s authority to vote the proxies of certain clients is established by advisory contracts or comparable documents. In addition to requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts.

The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), requires us to act solely in the best interest of our clients at all times. We have adopted and implemented these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, which we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act.

Reflecting a basic investment philosophy that good management is shareholder focused, proxy votes will generally be cast in support of management on routine corporate matters and in support of any management proposal that is plainly in the interest of all shareholders.

Specifically, proxy votes generally will be cast in favor of proposals that:

maintain or strengthen the shared interests of stockholders and management;

increase shareholder value; and

maintain or increase shareholder rights generally.

Proxy votes will generally be cast against proposals having the opposite effect of the above. Where we perceive that a management proposal, if approved, would tend to limit or reduce the market value of the company’s securities, we will generally vote against it. We believe that means for ensuring management accountability to shareholders, in the rare cases where is threatened, must not be compromised. For issues regarding executive compensation, we generally rely on the research and recommendation of our third party voting agent.

We generally support shareholder rights and recapitalization measures undertaken unilaterally by boards of directors properly exercising their responsibilities and authority, unless we believe such measures could have the effect of reducing shareholder rights or potential shareholder value. In cases where shareholder proposals challenge such actions, our voting position will generally favor not interfering with the directors’ proper function in the interest of all shareholders.

We believe that proposals addressing strictly social or political issues are immaterial to the goal of maximizing the return on funds under our management. We will generally abstain from voting on such proposals, but will consider supporting proposals that seek to protect shareholder rights or minimize risks to shareholder value.

We review proxies to assess the extent, if any, to which there may be a material conflict between the interests of our clients on the one hand and our interests (including those of our affiliates, directors, officers, employees and other similar persons) on the other hand (a “potential conflict”). If we determine that a potential conflict may exist, it shall be reported to our Proxy Voting Committee. The Proxy Voting Committee shall determine whether a potential conflict exists and is authorized to resolve any such conflict in a manner that is in the collective best interests of our clients (excluding any client that may have a potential conflict). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Proxy Voting Committee may resolve a potential conflict in any of the following manners:


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If the proposal that is the subject of the proposed conflict is specifically addressed in these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, we may vote the proxy in accordance with such pre-determined policies and guidelines; provided that such pre-determined policy involves little discretion on our part;

We may engage an independent third-party to determine how the proxy should be voted; or

We may establish an ethical wall or other informational barriers between the person(s) that are involved in the potential conflict and the person(s) making the voting decision in order to insulate the potential conflict from the decision maker.

We may delegate our responsibilities under these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures to a third party, provided that we retain final authority and fiduciary responsibility for proxy voting. If we so delegate our responsibilities, we shall monitor the delegate’s compliance with these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.

We (and our employees) and/or an independent third party provider shall vote in a prudent and timely fashion.

We will use commercially reasonable efforts to determine whether a potential conflict may exist.

We may abstain from voting a client proxy if we conclude that the effect on shareholders’ economic interests or the value of the portfolio holding is indeterminable or insignificant.

We may abstain from voting a client proxy for cost reasons (e.g., costs associated with voting proxies of non-U.S. securities). In accordance with our fiduciary duties, we will weigh the costs and benefits of voting proxy proposals and make an informed decision with respect to whether voting a given proxy proposal is prudent. Our decision takes into account the effect that the vote of our clients, either by itself or together with other votes, is expected to have on the value of our client’s investment and whether this expected effect would outweigh the cost of voting.

Unless otherwise directed by a client, we are responsible for voting proxies related to securities that we manage for clients with respect to which we have accepted proxy-voting responsibility in writing. A client may from time to time direct us to vote proxies in a manner that is different from the guidelines set forth in these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures. We will follow such written direction for proxies received after our receipt of such written direction.

We shall maintain certain records required by applicable law in connection with proxy voting activities and shall provide proxy-voting information to a client for which we are responsible for voting proxies upon written request. Clients should contact our Director of Client Services to make such a request.

Our Proxy Voting Procedures and Policy will be reviewed annually. The Proxy Policy Committee will review present procedures and past decisions with the aim of developing the most coherent and understandable proxy voting policy possible. We believe that a careful and continually evolving policy is indispensable to the task of discharging our fiduciary duties as an investment advisor.

Effective March 15, 2017


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LOGO

Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures

The following proxy voting policy sets forth our general principles and our process for voting on securities held in client accounts where LMCG has discretion to vote proxies. Our authority to vote proxies on behalf of our clients is established by our advisory contract or comparable documents. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts as well.

General Principles

In order to set a framework within which proxy questions should be considered and voted, the following general principles should be applied:

As a fiduciary under ERISA or otherwise, the discretion to vote proxies for a client’s account should be exercised keeping in mind a fiduciary’s duty to use its best efforts to preserve or enhance the value of the client’s account. LMCG votes proxy ballots with the goal of fostering the interests of the client or the participants in the case of an ERISA account.

Proxy questions are considered within the individual circumstances of the issuer. It is possible that individual circumstances might mean that a given proxy ballot could be voted differently than what is generally done in other cases.

It is LMCG’s general policy that, when given authority to vote proxies for a client’s account, we must be authorized to vote all proxies for the account in our discretion. We do not generally accept partial voting authority or instructions from clients on how to vote on specific issues. Certain clients may direct us to vote proxies in accordance with a specific set of guidelines or recommendations appropriate to their circumstances in which case we will not have voting discretion but will facilitate voting in accordance with a client’s direction. Our clients may wish to retain proxy voting authority and vote their own proxies in order to satisfy their individual corporate governance goals.

LMCG maintains a set of proxy voting guidelines that describe in greater detail how we will generally vote specific issues for our clients. While it is not an exhaustive list, it is intended to serve as the foundation on which we make most of our proxy voting decisions. These guidelines are available upon request. LMCG will from time to time review our proxy voting policy and guidelines and may adopt changes. Clients may contact their Client Service Officer or the Legal and Compliance Office (“Compliance Office”) by calling (617) 380-5600 or via e-mail at compliance@lmcg.com for a copy of our current guidelines or to obtain a record of how proxies were voted for their account.

Process

LMCG is responsible for fair and accurate proxy voting and for ensuring that proxy ballots are voted in a timely manner. LMCG has hired Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (“ISS”), a third party proxy voting vendor, to facilitate voting of proxy ballots based on guidelines established by LMCG. LMCG’s Proxy Voting Administrator works with ISS and oversees the proxy voting process. The Proxy Voting Administrator ensures that proxy voting is taking place, records are being maintained and that reporting and required filings are being made as necessary.


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For proxy voting on behalf of private client accounts, LMCG may follow an accepted industry practice of voting shares on a rolled-up basis when the same security is held across multiple client accounts. In general this process is utilized when numerous accounts are held at the same custodian bank. For accounts in which proxy ballots are voted in this manner, proxy votes are reported in the aggregate.

Limitations

LMCG may abstain from voting a client proxy if, in its opinion, the value obtained by voting the proxy is outweighed by the unique cost or the operational or trading constraints to a client account or situation. In accordance with fiduciary duties, LMCG weighs the costs and benefits of voting certain proxy proposals and makes an informed decision with respect to whether voting a given proxy proposal is prudent.

Some of LMCG’s clients engage in securities lending programs under which shares of an issuer may be on loan while that issuer is conducting a proxy solicitation. Shares that are on loan are not eligible to be voted. Generally, LMCG does not recall shares out on loan and therefore, shares that are on loan over record date are not voted.

Proxy voting in some foreign countries requires “share blocking”, which prevents selling of the shares for a period of time, usually about a week. LMCG feels that the risks associated with locking up the shares outweigh the benefits of voting a proxy ballot. Therefore, in general, LMCG will not vote proxy ballots in countries that require share blocking.

Conflicts of Interest

LMCG recognizes that the potential for conflicts of interest could arise in situations where we have discretion to vote client proxies and where LMCG has material business relationships or material personal or family relationships. A conflict of interest may exist when client portfolios hold shares of a publicly traded company that is also an LMCG client. To address potential conflicts, we have established a Proxy Voting Committee (“Committee”). The Committee consists of representatives from the Compliance and Operations departments including the Chief Compliance Officer, Head of Operations and relevant Portfolio Manager (or their designee). The Committee will use reasonable efforts to determine whether a potential conflict exists, including maintaining a list of clients or securities that may pose a potential conflict.

Securities identified as potential conflicts will be provided to ISS and flagged on the proxy voting system. Members of the Committee will receive an email weekly from ISS notifying them of a proxy vote taking place on a security from the list. Generally, votes cast for a security that represents a potential conflict of interest will default to LMCG’s standard voting policies. If a portfolio manager wishes to change the vote, the rationale for the change must be provided in writing to the Committee and the Committee will review the request for conflicts. If no conflicts exist, the Committee will authorize the Proxy Voting Administrator to process the vote change. All meeting minutes and Committee decisions will be kept by the designated Committee member.

LMCG Investments, LLC is an indirect majority owned subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), a public company. It is LMCG’s general policy not to acquire or hold RBC stock on behalf of our clients. However, in the event that a client were to hold RBC stock in a portfolio which we manage, and LMCG were responsible for voting RBC stock on behalf of the client, the Proxy Voting Committee would default to the standard voting guidelines to vote the proxy.

Recordkeeping

LMCG shall maintain proxy voting records pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act. Such records will include a copy of policies and procedures, proxy statements, a record of each vote cast, any document created that was material to the decision on how to vote, as well as a copy of client requests for proxy voting information and responses to such requests. LMCG’s Compliance Office also relies on ISS to provide certain proxy voting details promptly upon request in order to respond to certain requests for information or records.

Effective: July 2009

Last amended: November 2015


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LOGO

Proxy Voting Guidelines Summary

The proxy voting guidelines contained herein are a sampling of select, key guidelines and are not all inclusive. LMCG will review our proxy voting policies and guidelines from time to time and may adopt changes. Proxy questions are considered within the individual circumstances of the issuer and therefore it is possible that individual circumstances might mean that a given proxy ballot could be voted differently than what is generally done in other cases. Clients may contact their Client Service Officer or the Compliance Office by calling (617) 380-5600 or via e-mail at clientservice@lmcg.com or compliance@lmcg.com for a copy of our most current guidelines or to obtain a record of how proxies were voted for their account.

1. Audit-related Items:

Auditor Ratification

Generally vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors unless:

An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company and is therefore not independent;

There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position;

Poor accounting practices are identified such as fraud, misapplication of GAAP and material weaknesses are identified; or

Fees for non-audit services are excessive

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to prohibit or limit their auditors from engaging in non-audit services.

2. Board of Directors:

Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections

Votes on director nominees should be determined CASE-BY-CASE.

Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following:

Management’s track record;

Background to the proxy contest;

Qualifications of Director nominees;

Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management;

Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved; and

Stock ownership positions

Board responsiveness

Vote case-by-case on individual directors, committee members or the entire board of directors as appropriate if:

Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company

Board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of shares cast in the previous year

 

LMCG Update: March 2017 (based on 2016 ISS guideline updates)


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Board failed to act on takeover offer where majority of shares tendered

Board failed to address issues related to a director receiving 50% or more withhold/against votes

Board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the majority of votes

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from entire board of directors for problematic practices or material failures in the areas of accountability, independence or competence:

Board accountability, including items such as:

A classified board structure

A supermajority vote requirement

Inability for shareholders to call special meetings

Inability of shareholders to act by written consent

Dual-class capital structure

Non-shareholder approved poison pill

Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight, fiduciary responsibility

Failure to replace management as appropriate

Director independence, including items such as:

Inside or affiliated director serves on key committees

Company lacks an audit, compensation or nominating committee

Independent directors make up less than a majority of directors

Director competence, including items such as:

Not all director’s attended 75% of the aggregate board and committee meetings

Sit on more than six public company boards

Independent Chair (Separate CEO/Chair)

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that the chairman position be filled by an independent director unless there are substantial reasons to recommend against the proposal, such as counterbalancing governance structure.

Majority Vote Shareholder Proposals

Generally vote FOR binding resolutions requesting that the board change the company’s bylaws to stipulate that directors need to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast.

 

LMCG Update: March 2017 (based on 2016 ISS guideline updates)


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Audit Committee related items

Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from members of the Audit Committee if:

Non-audit fees paid to auditor are excessive

Company receives an adverse opinion on financial statements

Evidence of inappropriate indemnification language that limits ability of the company or shareholders to pursue legal recourse against audit firm

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on members of the Audit Committee and potentially the full board if:

Poor accounting practices result in fraud, misapplication of GAAP, and/or other material weaknesses

Compensation Committee related items

In the absence of an Advisory vote on executive compensation, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD on members of the Compensation Committee or potentially the full board if:

There is significant misalignment between CEO pay and company performance

Company maintains problematic pay practices related to non-performance based compensation elements, incentives that motivate excessive risk taking and options backdating

Board exhibits significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders

Company fails to submit one-time transfer of stock options to shareholder vote

Company fails to fulfill terms of burn rate commitment made to shareholders

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on members of the Compensation Committee and the MSOP proposal if the Company’s previous say-on-pay proposal received support of less than 70% of votes cast, taking into account:

Discloser of engagement efforts with major institutional shareholders regarding issues that led to low level of support

Specific actions to address issues that contributed to low level of support

Other recent compensation practices

Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated

Company’s ownership structure

Whether support level was less than 50%,

Performance/Governance Evaluation for Directors

Generally vote WITHHOLD or AGAINST on all director nominees if the board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers.

Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses.

 

LMCG Update: March 2017 (based on 2016 ISS guideline updates)


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3. Shareholder Rights and Defenses:

Advanced Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals/Nominations

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on advance notice proposals, giving support to proposals that allow shareholders to submit proposals/nominations reasonably close to the meeting date within the broadest window possible.

Poison Pills

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the company submit its poison pill to a shareholder vote or redeem it unless the company has (1) a shareholder approved poison pill in place or (2) the company has adopted a policy concerning the adoption of a pill in the future specifying that the board will only adopt a shareholder rights plan if shareholders have approved the adoption of the plan or the board determines that it is in the best interest of shareholders to adopt a pill without delay.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of the shareholder rights plan.

Reincorporation Proposals

Evaluate management or shareholder proposals to change a company’s state of incorporation on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

4. Capital and Corporate Restructurings:

Common Stock Authorization

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance.

Dual Class Structure

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to create a new class of common stock with superior voting rights

Share Repurchase Programs

Vote FOR management proposals to institute open market repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms.

Mergers and Acquisitions

Overall Approach – Vote CASE-BY-CASE

For mergers and acquisitions, review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:

Valuation;

Market reaction;

Strategic rationale;

Negotiations and process;

Conflicts of Interest; and

Governance

5. Compensation:

Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay) Management Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on ballot items related to executive pay and practices

Vote AGAINST Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (MSOP) if:

 

LMCG Update: March 2017 (based on 2016 ISS guideline updates)


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There is significant misalignment between CEO pay and company performance

Company maintains problematic pay practices

Board exhibits significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from members of the Compensation Committee if:

There is no MSOP on the ballot

Board fails to adequately respond to a previous MSOP proposal that received less than 70% support

The company has poor compensation practices

Vote FOR annual advisory votes on compensation.

Employee Stock Purchase Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on non-qualified employee stock purchase plans.

Option Exchange Programs/Re-pricing Options

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/re-price options.

Equity Compensation Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on equity-based compensation plans.

6. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Issues:

General approach on CSR issues is to vote CASE-BY-CASE taking into account factors such as impact on shareholder value, significance of company’s business affected by the proposal, impact on company reputation, response by other companies to similar issue and degree to which proprietary or confidential information would be disclosed.

Some issues that fall under this topic include proposals on:

Company’s political spending, lobbying efforts and charitable contributions

Animal welfare practices

Energy and environmental issues

Equal employment opportunity and discrimination

Diversity

Product safety and hazardous materials

7. Conflicts of Interest:

Conflicts of interest could exist when the Firm holds a security issued by a client in client portfolios, and the Firm is required to vote that security. When there is a potential conflict with a client, the Firm will look to these guidelines and the ISS recommendation for voting guidance.

 

LMCG Update: March 2017 (based on 2016 ISS guideline updates)


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Securities identified as potential conflicts will be provided to ISS and flagged on the proxy voting system. Members of the Committee will receive an email weekly from ISS notifying them of a proxy vote taking place on a security from the list. Generally, votes cast for a security that represents a potential conflict of interest will default to LMCG’s standard voting policies. If a portfolio manager wishes to change the vote, the rationale for the change must be provided in writing to the Committee and the Committee will review the request for conflicts. If no conflicts exist, the Committee will authorize the Proxy Voting Administrator to process the vote change. All meeting minutes and Committee decisions will be kept by the designated Committee member.

LMCG Investments, LLC is an indirect majority owned subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), a public company. It is LMCG’s general policy not to acquire or hold RBC stock on behalf of our clients. However, in the event that a client were to hold RBC stock in a portfolio which we manage, and LMCG were responsible for voting RBC stock on behalf of the client, the Proxy Voting Committee would default to the standard voting guidelines to vote the proxy.

Recordkeeping

LMCG shall maintain proxy voting records pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act. Such records will include a copy of policies and procedures, proxy statements, a record of each vote cast, any document created that was material to the decision on how to vote, as well as a copy of client requests for proxy voting information and responses to such requests. LMCG’s Compliance Office also relies on ISS to provide certain proxy voting details promptly upon request in order to respond to certain requests for information or records.

Effective: July 2009

Last amended: November 2015

 

LMCG Update: March 2017 (based on 2016 ISS guideline updates)


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MASSACHUSETTS FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPANY

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

March 1, 2018

Massachusetts Financial Services Company, MFS Institutional Advisors, Inc., MFS International (UK) Limited, MFS Heritage Trust Company, MFS Investment Management (Canada) Limited, MFS Investment Management Company (Lux) S.à r.l., MFS International Singapore Pte. Ltd., MFS Investment Management K.K., MFS International Australia Pty. Ltd.; and MFS’ other subsidiaries that perform discretionary investment management activities (collectively, “MFS”) have adopted proxy voting policies and procedures, as set forth below (“MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures”), with respect to securities owned by the clients for which MFS serves as investment adviser and has the power to vote proxies, including the pooled investment vehicles sponsored by MFS (the “MFS Funds”). References to “clients” in these policies and procedures include the MFS Funds and other clients of MFS, such as funds organized offshore, sub-advised funds and separate account clients, to the extent these clients have delegated to MFS the responsibility to vote proxies on their behalf under the MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.

The MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures include:

 

A. Voting Guidelines;

 

B. Administrative Procedures;

 

C Records Retention; and

Reports.

 

A. VOTING GUIDELINES

 

1. General Policy; Potential Conflicts of Interest

MFS’ policy is that proxy voting decisions are made in what MFS believes to be the best long-term economic interests of MFS’ clients, and not in the interests of any other party or in MFS’ corporate interests, including interests such as the distribution of MFS Fund shares and institutional client relationships.

MFS reviews corporate governance issues and proxy voting matters that are presented for shareholder vote by either management or shareholders of public companies. Based on the overall principle that all votes cast by MFS on behalf of its clients must be in what MFS believes to be the best long-term economic interests of such clients, MFS has adopted proxy voting guidelines, set forth below, that govern how MFS generally will vote on specific matters presented for shareholder vote.

As a general matter, MFS votes consistently on similar proxy proposals across all shareholder meetings. However, some proxy proposals, such as certain excessive executive compensation, environmental, social and governance matters, are analyzed on a case-by-case basis in light of all the relevant facts and circumstances of the proposal. Therefore, MFS may vote similar proposals differently at different shareholder meetings based on the specific facts and circumstances of the issuer or the terms of the proposal. In addition, MFS also reserves the right to override the guidelines with respect to a particular proxy proposal when such an override is, in MFS’ best judgment, consistent with the overall principle of voting proxies in the best long-term economic interests of MFS’ clients.

 

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MFS also generally votes consistently on the same matter when securities of an issuer are held by multiple client accounts, unless MFS has received explicit voting instructions to vote differently from a client for its own account. From time to time, MFS may also receive comments on the MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures from its clients. These comments are carefully considered by MFS when it reviews these guidelines and revises them as appropriate, in MFS’ sole judgment.

These policies and procedures are intended to address any potential material conflicts of interest on the part of MFS or its subsidiaries that are likely to arise in connection with the voting of proxies on behalf of MFS’ clients. If such potential material conflicts of interest do arise, MFS will analyze, document and report on such potential material conflicts of interest (see Sections B.2 and D below), and shall ultimately vote the relevant proxies in what MFS believes to be the best long-term economic interests of its clients. The MFS Proxy Voting Committee is responsible for monitoring and reporting with respect to such potential material conflicts of interest.

MFS is also a signatory to the Principles for Responsible Investment. In developing these guidelines, MFS considered environmental, social and corporate governance issues in light of MFS’ fiduciary obligation to vote proxies in the best long-term economic interest of its clients.

 

2. MFS’ Policy on Specific Issues

Election of Directors

MFS believes that good governance should be based on a board with at least a simple majority of directors who are “independent” of management, and whose key committees (e.g., compensation, nominating, and audit committees) consist entirely of “independent” directors. While MFS generally supports the board’s nominees in uncontested or non-contentious elections, we will not support a nominee to a board of a U.S. issuer (or issuer listed on a U.S. exchange) if, as a result of such nominee being elected to the board, the board would consist of a simple majority of members who are not “independent” or, alternatively, the compensation, nominating (including instances in which the full board serves as the compensation or nominating committee) or audit committees would include members who are not “independent.”

MFS will also not support a nominee to a board if we can determine that he or she attended less than 75% of the board and/or relevant committee meetings in the previous year without a valid reason stated in the proxy materials or other company communications. In addition, MFS may not support some or all nominees standing for re-election to a board if we can determine: (1) the board or its compensation committee has re-priced or exchanged underwater stock options since the last annual meeting of shareholders and without shareholder approval; (2) the board or relevant committee has not taken adequately responsive action to an issue that received majority support or opposition from shareholders; (3) the board has implemented a poison pill without shareholder approval since the last annual meeting and such poison pill is not on the subsequent shareholder meeting’s agenda, (including those related to net-operating loss carry-forwards); (4) the board or relevant committee has failed to adequately oversee risk by allowing the hedging and/or significant pledging of company shares by executives; or (5) there are governance concerns with a director or issuer.

MFS also believes that a well-balanced board with diverse perspectives is a foundation for sound corporate governance. MFS will generally vote against the chair of the nominating & governance committee at any U.S. company whose board is comprised of less than 10% female directors. MFS may consider, among other factors, whether the company is transitioning towards increased board gender diversity in determining MFS’ final voting decision.

 

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For directors who are not a CEO of a public company, MFS will vote against a nominee who serves on more than four (4) public company boards in total, and for a director who is also a CEO of a public company, MFS will vote against a nominee who serves on more than two (2) public-company boards in total. MFS may consider exceptions to this policy if (i) the company has disclosed the director’s plans to step down from the number of public company boards exceeding four (4) or two (2), as applicable, within a reasonable time; or (ii) the director exceeds the permitted number of public company board seats solely due to either his/her board service on an affiliated company (e.g., a subsidiary), or service on more than one investment company within the same investment company complex (as defined by applicable law). With respect to a director who serves as a CEO of a public company, MFS will support his or her re-election to the board of the company for which he or she serves as CEO.

MFS may not support certain board nominees of U.S. issuers under certain circumstances where MFS deems compensation to be egregious due to pay-for-performance issues and/or poor pay practices. Please see the section below titled “MFS’ Policy on Specific Issues - Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation” for further details.

MFS evaluates a contested or contentious election of directors on a case-by-case basis considering the long-term financial performance of the company relative to its industry, management’s track record, the qualifications of all nominees, and an evaluation of what each side is offering shareholders.

Majority Voting and Director Elections

MFS votes for reasonably crafted proposals calling for directors to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast and/or the elimination of the plurality standard for electing directors (including binding resolutions requesting that the board amend the company’s bylaws), provided the proposal includes a carve-out for a plurality voting standard when there are more director nominees than board seats (e.g., contested elections) (“Majority Vote Proposals”).

Classified Boards

MFS generally supports proposals to declassify a board (i.e.; a board in which only one-third of board members is elected each year) for all issuers other than for certain closed-end investment companies. MFS generally opposes proposals to classify a board for issuers other than for certain closed-end investment companies.

Proxy Access

MFS believes that the ability of qualifying shareholders to nominate a certain number of directors on the company’s proxy statement (“Proxy Access”) may have corporate governance benefits. However, such potential benefits must be balanced by its potential misuse by shareholders. Therefore, we support Proxy Access proposals at U.S. issuers that establish an ownership criteria of 3% of the company held continuously for a period of 3 years. In our view, such qualifying shareholders should have the ability to nominate at least 2 directors. Companies should be mindful of imposing any undue impediments within its bylaws that may render Proxy Access impractical, including re-submission thresholds for director nominees via Proxy Access.

MFS analyzes all other proposals seeking Proxy Access on a case-by-case basis. In its analysis, MFS will consider the proposed ownership criteria for qualifying shareholders (such as ownership threshold and holding period) as well as the proponent’s rationale for seeking Proxy Access.

 

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Stock Plans

MFS opposes stock option programs and restricted stock plans that provide unduly generous compensation for officers, directors or employees, or that could result in excessive dilution to other shareholders. As a general guideline, MFS votes against restricted stock, stock option, non-employee director, omnibus stock plans and any other stock plan if all such plans for a particular company involve potential dilution, in the aggregate, of more than 15%. However, MFS will also vote against stock plans that involve potential dilution, in aggregate, of more than 10% at U.S. issuers that are listed in the Standard and Poor’s 100 index as of December 31 of the previous year. In the cases where a stock plan amendment is seeking qualitative changes and not additional shares, MFS will vote its shares on a case-by-case basis.

MFS also opposes stock option programs that allow the board or the compensation committee to re-price underwater options or to automatically replenish shares without shareholder approval. MFS also votes against stock option programs for officers, employees or non-employee directors that do not require an investment by the optionee, that give “free rides” on the stock price, or that permit grants of stock options with an exercise price below fair market value on the date the options are granted. MFS will consider proposals to exchange existing options for newly issued options, restricted stock or cash on a case-by-case basis, taking into account certain factors, including, but not limited to, whether there is a reasonable value-for-value exchange and whether senior executives are excluded from participating in the exchange.

MFS supports the use of a broad-based employee stock purchase plans to increase company stock ownership by employees, provided that shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value and do not result in excessive dilution.

Shareholder Proposals on Executive Compensation

MFS believes that competitive compensation packages are necessary to attract, motivate and retain executives. However, MFS also recognizes that certain executive compensation practices can be “excessive” and not in the best, long-term economic interest of a company’s shareholders. We believe that the election of an issuer’s board of directors (as outlined above), votes on stock plans (as outlined above) and advisory votes on pay (as outlined below) are typically the most effective mechanisms to express our view on a company’s compensation practices.

MFS generally opposes shareholder proposals that seek to set rigid restrictions on executive compensation as MFS believes that compensation committees should retain some flexibility to determine the appropriate pay package for executives. Although we support linking executive stock option grants to a company’s performance, MFS also opposes shareholder proposals that mandate a link of performance-based pay to a specific metric. MFS generally supports reasonably crafted shareholder proposals that (i) require the issuer to adopt a policy to recover the portion of performance-based bonuses and awards paid to senior executives that were not earned based upon a significant negative restatement of earnings unless the company already has adopted a satisfactory policy on the matter, (ii) expressly prohibit the backdating of stock options, and (iii) prohibit the acceleration of vesting of equity awards upon a broad definition of a “change-in-control” (e.g.; single or modified single-trigger).

Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation

MFS will analyze advisory votes on executive compensation on a case-by-case basis. MFS will vote against an issuer’s executive compensation practices if MFS determines that such practices are excessive or include incentive metrics or structures that are poorly aligned with the best, long-term economic interest of a company’s

 

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shareholders. MFS will vote in favor of executive compensation practices if MFS has not determined that these practices are excessive or that the practices include incentive metrics or structures that are poorly aligned with the best, long-term economic interest of a company’s shareholders. Examples of excessive executive compensation practices or poorly aligned incentives may include, but are not limited to, a pay-for-performance disconnect, a set of incentive metrics or a compensation plan structure that MFS believes may lead to a future pay-for-performance disconnect, employment contract terms such as guaranteed bonus provisions, unwarranted pension payouts, backdated stock options, overly generous hiring bonuses for chief executive officers, significant perquisites, or the potential reimbursement of excise taxes to an executive in regards to a severance package. In cases where MFS (i) votes against consecutive advisory pay votes, or (ii) determines that a particularly egregious excessive executive compensation practice has occurred, then MFS may also vote against certain or all board nominees. MFS may also vote against certain or all board nominees if an advisory pay vote for a U.S. issuer is not on the agenda, or the company has not implemented the advisory vote frequency supported by a plurality/ majority of shareholders.

MFS generally supports proposals to include an advisory shareholder vote on an issuer’s executive compensation practices on an annual basis.

“Golden Parachutes”

From time to time, MFS may evaluate a separate, advisory vote on severance packages or “golden parachutes” to certain executives at the same time as a vote on a proposed merger or acquisition. MFS will support an advisory vote on a severance package on a case-by-case basis, and MFS may vote against the severance package regardless of whether MFS supports the proposed merger or acquisition.

Shareholders of companies may also submit proxy proposals that would require shareholder approval of severance packages for executive officers that exceed certain predetermined thresholds. MFS votes in favor of such shareholder proposals when they would require shareholder approval of any severance package for an executive officer that exceeds a certain multiple of such officer’s annual compensation that is not determined in MFS’ judgment to be excessive.

Anti-Takeover Measures

In general, MFS votes against any measure that inhibits capital appreciation in a stock, including proposals that protect management from action by shareholders. These types of proposals take many forms, ranging from “poison pills” and “shark repellents” to super-majority requirements.

MFS generally votes for proposals to rescind existing “poison pills” and proposals that would require shareholder approval to adopt prospective “poison pills,” unless the company already has adopted a clearly satisfactory policy on the matter. MFS may consider the adoption of a prospective “poison pill” or the continuation of an existing “poison pill” if we can determine that the following two conditions are met: (1) the “poison pill” allows MFS clients to hold an aggregate position of up to 15% of a company’s total voting securities (and of any class of voting securities); and (2) either (a) the “poison pill” has a term of not longer than five years, provided that MFS will consider voting in favor of the “poison pill” if the term does not exceed seven years and the “poison pill” is linked to a business strategy or purpose that MFS believes is likely to result in greater value for shareholders; or (b) the terms of the “poison pill” allow MFS clients the opportunity to accept a fairly structured and attractively priced tender offer (e.g. a “chewable poison pill” that automatically dissolves in the event of an all cash, all shares tender offer at a premium price). MFS will also consider on a case-by-case basis proposals designed to prevent tenders which are disadvantageous to shareholders such as tenders at below market prices and tenders for substantially less than all shares of an issuer.

 

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MFS will consider any poison pills designed to protect a company’s net-operating loss carryforwards on a case-by-case basis, weighing the accounting and tax benefits of such a pill against the risk of deterring future acquisition candidates.

Proxy Contests

From time to time, a shareholder may express alternative points of view in terms of a company’s strategy, capital allocation, or other issues. Such shareholder may also propose a slate of director nominees different than the slate of director nominees proposed by the company (a “Proxy Contest”). MFS will analyze Proxy Contests on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the track record and current recommended initiatives of both company management and the dissident shareholder(s). Like all of our proxy votes, MFS will support the slate of director nominees that we believe is in the best, long-term economic interest of our clients.

Reincorporation and Reorganization Proposals

When presented with a proposal to reincorporate a company under the laws of a different state, or to effect some other type of corporate reorganization, MFS considers the underlying purpose and ultimate effect of such a proposal in determining whether or not to support such a measure. MFS generally votes with management in regards to these types of proposals, however, if MFS believes the proposal is in the best long-term economic interests of its clients, then MFS may vote against management (e.g. the intent or effect would be to create additional inappropriate impediments to possible acquisitions or takeovers).

Issuance of Stock

There are many legitimate reasons for the issuance of stock. Nevertheless, as noted above under “Stock Plans,” when a stock option plan (either individually or when aggregated with other plans of the same company) would substantially dilute the existing equity (e.g. by approximately 10-15% as described above), MFS generally votes against the plan. In addition, MFS typically votes against proposals where management is asking for authorization to issue common or preferred stock with no reason stated (a “blank check”) because the unexplained authorization could work as a potential anti-takeover device. MFS may also vote against the authorization or issuance of common or preferred stock if MFS determines that the requested authorization is excessive or not warranted.

Repurchase Programs

MFS supports proposals to institute share repurchase plans in which all shareholders have the opportunity to participate on an equal basis. Such plans may include a company acquiring its own shares on the open market, or a company making a tender offer to its own shareholders.

Cumulative Voting

MFS opposes proposals that seek to introduce cumulative voting and for proposals that seek to eliminate cumulative voting. In either case, MFS will consider whether cumulative voting is likely to enhance the interests of MFS’ clients as minority shareholders.

Written Consent and Special Meetings

The right to call a special meeting or act by written consent can be a powerful tool for shareholders. As such, MFS supports proposals requesting the right for shareholders who hold at least 10% of the issuer’s outstanding stock to call a special meeting. MFS also supports proposals requesting the right for shareholders to act by written consent.

 

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Independent Auditors

MFS believes that the appointment of auditors for U.S. issuers is best left to the board of directors of the company and therefore supports the ratification of the board’s selection of an auditor for the company. Some shareholder groups have submitted proposals to limit the non-audit activities of a company’s audit firm or prohibit any non-audit services by a company’s auditors to that company. MFS opposes proposals recommending the prohibition or limitation of the performance of non-audit services by an auditor, and proposals recommending the removal of a company’s auditor due to the performance of non-audit work for the company by its auditor. MFS believes that the board, or its audit committee, should have the discretion to hire the company’s auditor for specific pieces of non-audit work in the limited situations permitted under current law.

Other Business

MFS generally votes against “other business” proposals as the content of any such matter is not known at the time of our vote.

Adjourn Shareholder Meeting

MFS generally supports proposals to adjourn a shareholder meeting if we support the other ballot items on the meeting’s agenda. MFS generally votes against proposals to adjourn a meeting if we do not support the other ballot items on the meeting’s agenda.

Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Issues

MFS believes that a company’s ESG practices may have an impact on the company’s long-term economic financial performance and will generally support proposals relating to ESG issues that MFS believes are in the best long-term economic interest of the company’s shareholders. For those ESG proposals for which a specific policy has not been adopted, MFS considers such ESG proposals on a case-by-case basis. As a result, it may vote similar proposals differently at various shareholder meetings based on the specific facts and circumstances of such proposal.

MFS generally supports proposals that seek to remove governance structures that insulate management from shareholders (i.e., anti-takeover measures) or that seek to enhance shareholder rights. Many of these governance-related issues, including compensation issues, are outlined within the context of the above guidelines. In addition, MFS typically supports proposals that require an issuer to reimburse successful dissident shareholders (who are not seeking control of the company) for reasonable expenses that such dissident incurred in soliciting an alternative slate of director candidates. MFS also generally supports reasonably crafted shareholder proposals requesting increased disclosure around the company’s use of collateral in derivatives trading. MFS typically supports proposals for an independent board chairperson. However, we may not support such proposals if we determine there to be an appropriate and effective counter-balancing leadership structure in place (e.g.; a strong, independent lead director with an appropriate level of powers and duties). For any governance-related proposal for which an explicit guideline is not provided above, MFS will consider such proposals on a case-by-case basis and will support such proposals if MFS believes that it is in the best long-term economic interest of the company’s shareholders.

 

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MFS generally supports proposals that request disclosure on the impact of environmental issues on the company’s operations, sales, and capital investments. However, MFS may not support such proposals based on the facts and circumstances surrounding a specific proposal, including, but not limited to, whether (i) the proposal is unduly costly, restrictive, or burdensome, (ii) the company already provides publicly-available information that is sufficient to enable shareholders to evaluate the potential opportunities and risks that environmental matters pose to the company’s operations, sales and capital investments, or (iii) the proposal seeks a level of disclosure that exceeds that provided by the company’s industry peers. MFS will analyze all other environmental proposals on a case-by-case basis and will support such proposals if MFS believes such proposal is in the best long-term economic interest of the company’s shareholders.

MFS will analyze social proposals on a case-by-case basis. MFS will support such proposals if MFS believes that such proposal is in the best long-term economic interest of the company’s shareholders. Generally, MFS will support shareholder proposals that (i) seek to amend a company’s equal employment opportunity policy to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity; and (ii) request additional disclosure regarding a company’s political contributions (including trade organizations and lobbying activity) (unless the company already provides publicly-available information that is sufficient to enable shareholders to evaluate the potential opportunities and risks that such contributions pose to the company’s operations, sales and capital investments).

The laws of various states or countries may regulate how the interests of certain clients subject to those laws (e.g. state pension plans) are voted with respect to social issues. Thus, it may be necessary to cast ballots differently for certain clients than MFS might normally do for other clients.

Foreign Issuers

MFS generally supports the election of a director nominee standing for re-election in uncontested or non-contentious elections unless it can be determined that (1) he or she failed to attend at least 75% of the board and/or relevant committee meetings in the previous year without a valid reason given in the proxy materials; (2) since the last annual meeting of shareholders and without shareholder approval, the board or its compensation committee has re-priced underwater stock options; or (3) since the last annual meeting, the board has either implemented a poison pill without shareholder approval or has not taken responsive action to a majority shareholder approved resolution recommending that the “poison pill” be rescinded. In such circumstances, we will vote against director nominee(s). Also, certain markets outside of the U.S. have adopted best practice guidelines relating to corporate governance matters (e.g. the United Kingdom’s and Japan Corporate Governance Codes). Many of these guidelines operate on a “comply or explain” basis. As such, MFS will evaluate any explanations by companies relating to their compliance with a particular corporate governance guideline on a case-by-case basis and may vote against the board nominees or other relevant ballot item if such explanation is not satisfactory. In some circumstances, MFS may submit a vote to abstain from certain director nominees or the relevant ballot items if we have concerns with the nominee or ballot item, but do not believe these concerns rise to the level where a vote against is warranted.

MFS generally supports the election of auditors, but may determine to vote against the election of a statutory auditor in certain markets if MFS reasonably believes that the statutory auditor is not truly independent.

Some international markets have also adopted mandatory requirements for all companies to hold shareholder votes on executive compensation. MFS will vote against such proposals if MFS determines that a company’s executive compensation practices are excessive, considering such factors as the specific market’s best practices that seek to maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment and to create long-term shareholder value. We may alternatively submit an abstention vote on such proposals in circumstances where our executive compensation concerns are not as severe.

 

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Many other items on foreign proxies involve repetitive, non-controversial matters that are mandated by local law. Accordingly, the items that are generally deemed routine and which do not require the exercise of judgment under these guidelines (and therefore voted with management) for foreign issuers include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) receiving financial statements or other reports from the board; (ii) approval of declarations of dividends; (iii) appointment of shareholders to sign board meeting minutes; (iv) discharge of management and supervisory boards; and (v) approval of share repurchase programs (absent any anti-takeover or other concerns). MFS will evaluate all other items on proxies for foreign companies in the context of the guidelines described above, but will generally vote against an item if there is not sufficient information disclosed in order to make an informed voting decision. For any ballot item where MFS wishes to express a more moderate level of concern than a vote of against, we will cast a vote to abstain.

In accordance with local law or business practices, some foreign companies or custodians prevent the sale of shares that have been voted for a certain period beginning prior to the shareholder meeting and ending on the day following the meeting (“share blocking”). Depending on the country in which a company is domiciled, the blocking period may begin a stated number of days prior or subsequent to the meeting (e.g. one, three or five days) or on a date established by the company. While practices vary, in many countries the block period can be continued for a longer period if the shareholder meeting is adjourned and postponed to a later date. Similarly, practices vary widely as to the ability of a shareholder to have the “block” restriction lifted early (e.g. in some countries shares generally can be “unblocked” up to two days prior to the meeting whereas in other countries the removal of the block appears to be discretionary with the issuer’s transfer agent). Due to these restrictions, MFS must balance the benefits to its clients of voting proxies against the potentially serious portfolio management consequences of a reduced flexibility to sell the underlying shares at the most advantageous time. For companies in countries with share blocking periods or in markets where some custodians may block shares, the disadvantage of being unable to sell the stock regardless of changing conditions generally outweighs the advantages of voting at the shareholder meeting for routine items. Accordingly, MFS will not vote those proxies in the absence of an unusual, significant vote that outweighs the disadvantage of being unable to sell the stock.

From time to time, governments may impose economic sanctions which may prohibit us from transacting business with certain companies or individuals. These sanctions may also prohibit the voting of proxies at certain companies or on certain individuals. In such instances, MFS will not vote at certain companies or on certain individuals if it determines that doing so is in violation of the sanctions.

In limited circumstances, other market specific impediments to voting shares may limit our ability to cast votes, including, but not limited to, late delivery of proxy materials, untimely vote cut-off dates, power of attorney and share re-registration requirements, or any other unusual voting requirements. In these limited instances, MFS votes securities on a best efforts basis in the context of the guidelines described above.

 

B. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES

MFS Proxy Voting Committee

The administration of these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures is overseen by the MFS Proxy Voting Committee, which includes senior personnel from the MFS Legal and Global Investment and Client Support Departments as well as members of the investment team. The Proxy Voting Committee does not include individuals whose primary duties relate to client relationship management, marketing, or sales. The MFS Proxy Voting Committee:

 

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Reviews these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures at least annually and recommends any amendments considered to be necessary or advisable;

Determines whether any potential material conflict of interest exists with respect to instances in which MFS (i) seeks to override these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures; (ii) votes on ballot items not governed by these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures; (iii) evaluates an excessive executive compensation issue in relation to the election of directors; or (iv) requests a vote recommendation from an MFS portfolio manager or investment analyst (e.g. mergers and acquisitions);

Considers special proxy issues as they may arise from time to time; and

Determines engagement priorities and strategies with respect to MFS’ proxy voting activities

Potential Conflicts of Interest

The MFS Proxy Voting Committee is responsible for monitoring potential material conflicts of interest on the part of MFS or its subsidiaries that could arise in connection with the voting of proxies on behalf of MFS’ clients. Due to the client focus of our investment management business, we believe that the potential for actual material conflict of interest issues is small. Nonetheless, we have developed precautions to assure that all proxy votes are cast in the best long-term economic interest of shareholders.5 Other MFS internal policies require all MFS employees to avoid actual and potential conflicts of interests between personal activities and MFS’ client activities. If an employee (including investment professionals) identifies an actual or potential conflict of interest with respect to any voting decision (including the ownership of securities in their individual portfolio), then that employee must recuse himself/herself from participating in the voting process. Any significant attempt by an employee of MFS or its subsidiaries to unduly influence MFS’ voting on a particular proxy matter should also be reported to the MFS Proxy Voting Committee.

In cases where proxies are voted in accordance with these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, no material conflict of interest will be deemed to exist. In cases where (i) MFS is considering overriding these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, (ii) matters presented for vote are not governed by these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, (iii) MFS evaluates a potentially excessive executive compensation issue in relation to the election of directors or advisory pay or severance package vote, or (iv) a vote recommendation is requested from an MFS portfolio manager or investment analyst (e.g. mergers and acquisitions); (collectively, “Non-Standard Votes”); the MFS Proxy Voting Committee will follow these procedures:

Compare the name of the issuer of such proxy against a list of significant current (i) distributors of MFS Fund shares, and (ii) MFS institutional clients (the “MFS Significant Distributor and Client List”);

 

5  For clarification purposes, note that MFS votes in what we believe to be the best, long-term economic interest of our clients entitled to vote at the shareholder meeting, regardless of whether other MFS clients hold “short” positions in the same issuer.

 

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If the name of the issuer does not appear on the MFS Significant Distributor and Client List, then no material conflict of interest will be deemed to exist, and the proxy will be voted as otherwise determined by the MFS Proxy Voting Committee;

If the name of the issuer appears on the MFS Significant Distributor and Client List, then the MFS Proxy Voting Committee will be apprised of that fact and each member of the MFS Proxy Voting Committee will carefully evaluate the proposed vote in order to ensure that the proxy ultimately is voted in what MFS believes to be the best long-term economic interests of MFS’ clients, and not in MFS’ corporate interests; and

For all potential material conflicts of interest identified under clause (c) above, the MFS Proxy Voting Committee will document: the name of the issuer, the issuer’s relationship to MFS, the analysis of the matters submitted for proxy vote, the votes as to be cast and the reasons why the MFS Proxy Voting Committee determined that the votes were cast in the best long-term economic interests of MFS’ clients, and not in MFS’ corporate interests. A copy of the foregoing documentation will be provided to MFS’ Conflicts Officer.

The members of the MFS Proxy Voting Committee are responsible for creating and maintaining the MFS Significant Distributor and Client List, in consultation with MFS’ distribution and institutional business units. The MFS Significant Distributor and Client List will be reviewed and updated periodically, as appropriate.

For instances where MFS is evaluating a director nominee who also serves as a director of the MFS Funds, then the MFS Proxy Voting Committee will adhere to the procedures described in section (d) above regardless of whether the portfolio company appears on our Significant Distributor and Client List.

If an MFS client has the right to vote on a matter submitted to shareholders by Sun Life Financial, Inc. or any of its affiliates (collectively “Sun Life”), MFS will cast a vote on behalf of such MFS client pursuant to the recommendations of Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.’s (“ISS”) benchmark policy, or as required by law.

Except as described in the MFS Fund’s Prospectus, from time to time, certain MFS Funds (the “top tier fund”) may own shares of other MFS Funds (the “underlying fund”). If an underlying fund submits a matter to a shareholder vote, the top tier fund will generally vote its shares in the same proportion as the other shareholders of the underlying fund. If there are no other shareholders in the underlying fund, the top tier fund will vote in what MFS believes to be in the top tier fund’s best long-term economic interest. If an MFS client has the right to vote on a matter submitted to shareholders by a pooled investment vehicle advised by MFS, MFS will cast a vote on behalf of such MFS client in the same proportion as the other shareholders of the pooled investment vehicle.

Gathering Proxies

Most proxies received by MFS and its clients originate at Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (“Broadridge”). Broadridge and other service providers, on behalf of custodians, send proxy related material to the record holders of the shares beneficially owned by MFS’ clients, usually to the client’s proxy voting administrator or, less commonly, to the client itself. This material will include proxy ballots reflecting the shareholdings of Funds and of clients on the record dates for such shareholder meetings, as well as proxy materials with the issuer’s explanation of the items to be voted upon.

 

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MFS, on behalf of itself and certain of its clients (including the MFS Funds) has entered into an agreement with an independent proxy administration firm pursuant to which the proxy administration firm performs various proxy vote related administrative services such as vote processing and recordkeeping functions. Except as noted below, the proxy administration firm for MFS and its clients, including the MFS Funds, is ISS. The proxy administration firm for MFS Development Funds, LLC is Glass, Lewis & Co., Inc. (“Glass Lewis”; Glass Lewis and ISS are each hereinafter referred to as the “Proxy Administrator”).

The Proxy Administrator receives proxy statements and proxy ballots directly or indirectly from various custodians, logs these materials into its database and matches upcoming meetings with MFS Fund and client portfolio holdings, which are input into the Proxy Administrator’s system by an MFS holdings data-feed. Through the use of the Proxy Administrator system, ballots and proxy material summaries for all upcoming shareholders’ meetings are available on-line to certain MFS employees and members of the MFS Proxy Voting Committee.

It is the responsibility of the Proxy Administrator and MFS to monitor the receipt of ballots. When proxy ballots and materials for clients are received by the Proxy Administrator, they are input into the Proxy Administrator’s on-line system. The Proxy Administrator then reconciles a list of all MFS accounts that hold shares of a company’s stock and the number of shares held on the record date by these accounts with the Proxy Administrator’s list of any upcoming shareholder’s meeting of that company. If a proxy ballot has not been received, the Proxy Administrator contacts the custodian requesting the reason as to why a ballot has not been received.

 

4. Analyzing Proxies

Proxies are voted in accordance with these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures. The Proxy Administrator, at the prior direction of MFS, automatically votes all proxy matters that do not require the particular exercise of discretion or judgment with respect to these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures as determined by MFS. With respect to proxy matters that require the particular exercise of discretion or judgment, the MFS Proxy Voting Committee or its representatives considers and votes on those proxy matters. MFS also receives research and recommendations from the Proxy Administrator which it may take into account in deciding how to vote. MFS uses its own internal research, the research of Proxy Administrators and/or other 3rd party research tools and vendors to identify (i) circumstances in which a board may have approved an executive compensation plan that is excessive or poorly aligned with the portfolio company’s business or its shareholders, (ii) environmental and social proposals that warrant further consideration or (iii) circumstances in which a non-U.S. company is not in compliance with local governance or compensation best practices. In those situations where the only MFS fund that is eligible to vote at a shareholder meeting has Glass Lewis as its Proxy Administrator, then we will utilize research from Glass Lewis to identify such issues. MFS analyzes such issues independently and does not necessarily vote with the ISS or Glass Lewis recommendations on these issues. Representatives of the MFS Proxy Voting Committee review, as appropriate, votes cast to ensure conformity with these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.

For votes that require a case-by-case analysis per the MFS Proxy Policies (e.g. proxy contests, potentially excessive executive compensation issues, or certain shareholder proposals), a member of the proxy voting team will consult with or seek recommendations from MFS investment analysts and/or portfolio managers.6

 

6 

From time to time, due to travel schedules and other commitments, an appropriate portfolio manager or research analyst may not be available to provide a vote recommendation. If such a recommendation cannot be obtained within a reasonable time prior to the cut-off date of the shareholder meeting, the MFS Proxy Voting Committee may determine to abstain from voting.

 

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However, the MFS Proxy Voting Committee will ultimately determine the manner in which such proxies are voted.

As noted above, MFS reserves the right to override the guidelines when such an override is, in MFS’ best judgment, consistent with the overall principle of voting proxies in the best long-term economic interests of MFS’ clients. Any such override of the guidelines shall be analyzed, documented and reported in accordance with the procedures set forth in these policies.

 

5. Voting Proxies

In accordance with its contract with MFS, the Proxy Administrator also generates a variety of reports for the MFS Proxy Voting Committee, and makes available on-line various other types of information so that the MFS Proxy Voting Committee or proxy voting team may review and monitor the votes cast by the Proxy Administrator on behalf of MFS’ clients.

For those markets that utilize a “record date” to determine which shareholders are eligible to vote, MFS generally will vote all eligible shares pursuant to these guidelines regardless of whether all (or a portion of) the shares held by our clients have been sold prior to the meeting date.

Securities Lending

From time to time, the MFS Funds or other pooled investment vehicles sponsored by MFS may participate in a securities lending program. In the event MFS or its agent receives timely notice of a shareholder meeting for a U.S. security, MFS and its agent will attempt to recall any securities on loan before the meeting’s record date so that MFS will be entitled to vote these shares. However, there may be instances in which MFS is unable to timely recall securities on loan for a U.S. security, in which cases MFS will not be able to vote these shares. MFS will report to the appropriate board of the MFS Funds those instances in which MFS is not able to timely recall the loaned securities. MFS generally does not recall non-U.S. securities on loan because there may be insufficient advance notice of proxy materials, record dates, or vote cut-off dates to allow MFS to timely recall the shares in certain markets on an automated basis. As a result, non-U.S. securities that are on loan will not generally be voted. If MFS receives timely notice of what MFS determines to be an unusual, significant vote for a non-U.S. security whereas MFS shares are on loan, and determines that voting is in the best long-term economic interest of shareholders, then MFS will attempt to timely recall the loaned shares.

 

7. Engagement

The MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures are available on www.mfs.com and may be accessed by both MFS’ clients and the companies in which MFS’ clients invest. From time to time, MFS may determine that it is appropriate and beneficial for members of the MFS Proxy Voting Committee or proxy voting team to engage in a dialogue or written communication with a company or other shareholders regarding certain matters on the company’s proxy statement that are of concern to shareholders, including environmental, social and governance matters. A company or shareholder may also seek to engage with members of the MFS Proxy Voting Committee or proxy voting team in advance of the company’s formal proxy solicitation to review issues more generally or gauge support for certain contemplated proposals. The MFS Proxy Voting Committee, in consultation with members of the investment team, establish proxy voting engagement goals and priorities for the year. For further information on requesting engagement with MFS on proxy voting issues or information about MFS’ engagement priorities, please visit www.mfs.com and refer to our most recent proxy season preview and engagement priorities report.

 

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C. RECORDS RETENTION

MFS will retain copies of these MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures in effect from time to time and will retain all proxy voting reports submitted to the Board of Trustees of the MFS Funds for the period required by applicable law. Proxy solicitation materials, including electronic versions of the proxy ballots completed by representatives of the MFS Proxy Voting Committee, together with their respective notes and comments, are maintained in an electronic format by the Proxy Administrator and are accessible on-line by the MFS Proxy Voting Committee. All proxy voting materials and supporting documentation, including records generated by the Proxy Administrator’s system as to proxies processed, including the dates when proxy ballots were received and submitted, and the votes on each company’s proxy issues, are retained as required by applicable law.

 

D. REPORTS

U.S. Registered MFS Funds

MFS publicly discloses the proxy voting records of the U.S. registered MFS Funds on a quarterly basis. MFS will also report the results of its voting to the Board of Trustees of the U.S. registered MFS Funds. These reports will include: (i) a summary of how votes were cast (including advisory votes on pay and “golden parachutes”); (ii) a summary of votes against management’s recommendation; (iii) a review of situations where MFS did not vote in accordance with the guidelines and the rationale therefore; (iv) a review of the procedures used by MFS to identify material conflicts of interest and any matters identified as a material conflict of interest; (v) a review of these policies and the guidelines; (vi) a review of our proxy engagement activity; (vii) a report and impact assessment of instances in which the recall of loaned securities of a U.S. issuer was unsuccessful; and (viii) as necessary or appropriate, any proposed modifications thereto to reflect new developments in corporate governance and other issues. Based on these reviews, the Trustees of the U.S. registered MFS Funds will consider possible modifications to these policies to the extent necessary or advisable.

Other MFS Clients

MFS may publicly disclose the proxy voting records of certain other clients (including certain MFS Funds) or the votes it casts with respect to certain matters as required by law. A report can also be printed by MFS for each client who has requested that MFS furnish a record of votes cast. The report specifies the proxy issues which have been voted for the client during the year and the position taken with respect to each issue and, upon request, may identify situations where MFS did not vote in accordance with the MFS Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.

Except as described above, MFS generally will not divulge actual voting practices to any party other than the client or its representatives because we consider that information to be confidential and proprietary to the client. However, as noted above, MFS may determine that it is appropriate and beneficial to engage in a dialogue with a company regarding certain matters. During such dialogue with the company, MFS may disclose the vote it intends to cast in order to potentially effect positive change at a company in regards to environmental, social or governance issues.

 

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LOGO

The Proxy Guidelines provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote for or against various proxy proposals, usually based upon certain specified criteria. As an example, the Proxy Guidelines provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote in favor of proposals to:

 

    Repeal existing classified boards and elect directors on an annual basis;

 

    Adopt a written majority voting or withhold policy (in situations in which a company has not previously adopted such a policy);

 

    Require that poison pill plans be submitted for shareholder ratification;

 

    Lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter and bylaw amendments;

 

    Lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for mergers and other business combinations;

 

    Increase common share authorizations for a stock split;

 

    Implement a reverse stock split;

 

    Approve an ESOP (employee stock ownership plan) or other broad based employee stock purchase or ownership plan, or increase authorized shares for existing plans;

 

    Adopt certain social and environmental issues regarding discrimination, disclosures of environmental impact, animal treatment and corporate sustainability, when appropriate; and

 

    Request that a company take reasonable steps to ensure that women and minority candidates are in the pool from which board nominees are chosen or that request that women and minority candidates are routinely sought as part of every search the company undertakes.

The Proxy Guidelines also provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote against proposals to:

 

    Elect director nominees that sit on more than four public company boards, or, if the nominee is a CEO, more than two public company boards;

 

    Classify the board of directors;

 

    Ratify auditors and re-elect incumbent members of the Audit Committee if non-audit fees are excessive in relation to audit-related fees without adequate explanation;

 

    Adopt dual class exchange offers or dual class recapitalizations;

 

    Require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve mergers and other significant business combinations;

 

    Require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve charter and bylaw amendments;

 

    support “other business” where shareholders do not have the opportunity to review and understand the details of the items to be considered; and

 

    Eliminate, direct, or otherwise restrict charitable contributions.

Northern Trust generally supports the position of a company’s board of directors when voting on shareholder initiated social and environmental proposals that call on the company to adopt specific policies or practices that go beyond reporting. Although Northern Trust acknowledges that the economic and social considerations underlying such proposals are often closely intertwined, we believe that in most cases the management group and elected directors are best positioned to make corporate decisions on these proposals.

 

 

LOGO

 

NTAC:2SE-18

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Nuveen Asset Management, LLC

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

Effective Date: January 1, 2011, as last amended May 3, 2017

 

 

General Principles

Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (“NAM”) is an investment sub-adviser for certain of the Nuveen Funds (the “Funds”) and investment adviser for institutional and other separately managed accounts (collectively, with the Funds, “Accounts”). As such, Accounts may confer upon NAM complete discretion to vote proxies.1

It is NAM’s duty to vote proxies in the best interests of its clients (which may involve affirmatively deciding that voting the proxies may not be in the best interests of certain clients on certain matters). In voting proxies, NAM also seeks to enhance total investment return for its clients.

If NAM contracts with another investment adviser to act as a sub-adviser for an Account, NAM may delegate proxy voting responsibility to the sub-adviser. Where NAM has delegated proxy voting responsibility, the sub-adviser will be responsible for developing and adhering to its own proxy voting policies, subject to oversight by NAM.

NAM’s Proxy Voting Committee (“PVC”) provides oversight of NAM’s proxy voting policies and procedures, including (1) providing an administrative framework to facilitate and monitor the exercise of such proxy voting and to fulfill the obligations of reporting and recordkeeping under the federal securities laws; and (2) approving the proxy voting policies and procedures.

Policies

The PVC after reviewing and concluding that such policies are reasonably designed to vote proxies in the best interests of clients, has approved and adopted the proxy voting policies of Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (“ISS”), a leading national provider of proxy voting administrative and research services.i As a result, such policies set forth NAM’s positions on recurring proxy issues and criteria for addressing non-recurring issues. These policies are reviewed periodically by ISS, and therefore are subject to change. Even though it has adopted ISS policies, NAM maintains the fiduciary responsibility for all proxy voting decisions.

 

1  NAM does not vote proxies where a client withholds proxy voting authority, and in certain non- discretionary and model programs NAM votes proxies in accordance with its policies and procedures in effect from time to time. Clients may opt to vote proxies themselves, or to have proxies voted by an independent third party or other named fiduciary or agent, at the client’s cost. i ISS has separate polices for Taft Hartley plans and it is NAM’s policy to apply the Taft Hartley polices to accounts that are Taft Hartley Plans.

 

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Procedures

Supervision of Proxy Voting. Day-to-day administration of proxy voting may be provided internally or by a third-party service provider, depending on client type, subject to the ultimate oversight of the PVC. The PVC shall supervise the relationships with NAM’s proxy voting services, ISS. ISS apprises Nuveen Global Operations (“NGO”) of shareholder meeting dates, and casts the actual proxy votes. ISS also provides research on proxy proposals and voting recommendations. ISS serves as NAM’s proxy voting record keepers and generate reports on how proxies were voted.

 

Conflicts of Interest.

The following relationships or circumstances may give rise to conflicts of interest2:

The issuer or proxy proponent (e.g., a special interest group) is TIAA- CREF, the ultimate principal owner of NAM, or any of its affiliates.

The issuer is an entity in which an executive officer of NAM or a spouse or domestic partner of any such executive officer is or was (within the past three years of the proxy vote) an executive officer or director.

The issuer is a registered or unregistered fund for which NAM or another affiliated adviser serves as investment adviser or sub-adviser (e.g., Nuveen Funds and TIAA Funds).

Any other circumstances that NAM is aware of where NAM’s duty to serve its clients’ interests, typically referred to as its “duty of loyalty,” could be materially compromised.

NAM will vote proxies in the best interest of its clients regardless of such real or perceived conflicts of interest. By adopting ISS policies, NAM believes the risk related to conflicts will be minimized.

To further minimize this risk, Compliance will review ISS’ conflict avoidance policy at least annually to ensure that it adequately addresses both the actual and perceived conflicts of interest the proxy voting service may face.

 

2  A conflict of interest shall not be considered material for the purposes of these Policies and Procedures with respect to a specific vote or circumstance if the matter to be voted on relates to a restructuring of the terms of existing securities or the issuance of new securities or a similar matter arising out of the holding of securities, other than common equity, in the context of a bankruptcy or threatened bankruptcy of the issuer.

 

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In the event that ISS faces a material conflict of interest with respect to a specific vote, the PVC shall direct ISS how to vote. The PVC shall receive voting direction from appropriate investment personnel. Before doing so, the PVC will consult with Legal to confirm that NAM faces no material conflicts of its own with respect to the specific proxy vote.

Where ISS and NAM are determined to face a conflict, the PVC will recommend to NAM’s Compliance Committee or designee a course of action designed to address the conflict. Such actions could include, but are not limited to:

Obtaining instructions from the affected client(s) on how to vote the proxy;

Disclosing the conflict to the affected client(s) and seeking their consent to permit NAM to vote the proxy;

Voting in proportion to the other shareholders;

Recusing the individual with the actual or potential conflict of interest from all discussion or consideration of the matter, if the material conflict is due to such person’s actual or potential conflict of interest; or

Following the recommendation of a different independent third party.

In addition to all of the above-mentioned and other conflicts, the Head of Equity Research, NGO and any member of the PVC must notify NAM’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) of any direct, indirect or perceived improper influence exerted by any employee, officer or director of TIAA or its subsidiaries with regard to how NAM should vote proxies. NAM Compliance will investigate any such allegations and will report the findings to NAM’s Compliance Committee. If it is determined that improper influence was attempted, appropriate action shall be taken. Such appropriate action may include disciplinary action, notification of the appropriate senior managers, or notification of the appropriate regulatory authorities. In all cases, NAM will not consider any improper influence in determining how to vote proxies, and will vote in the best interests of clients.

Proxy Vote Override. From time to time, a portfolio manager of an account (a “Portfolio Manager”) may initiate action to override ISS’s recommendation for a particular vote. Any such override by a NAM Portfolio Manager (but not a sub-adviser Portfolio Manager) shall be reviewed by NAM’s Legal Department for material conflicts. If the Legal Department

 

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determines that no material conflicts exist, the approval of one member of the PVC shall authorize the override. If a material conflict exists, the conflict and, ultimately, the override recommendation will be rejected and will revert to the original ISS recommendation or will be addressed pursuant to the procedures described above under “Conflicts of Interest.”

In addition, the PVC may determine from time to time that a particular policy recommendation of ISS should be overridden based on a determination that the policy is inappropriate and not in the best interests of shareholders. Any such determination shall be reflected in the minutes of a meeting of the PVC at which such decision is made.

Securities Lending.

In order to generate incremental revenue, some clients may participate in a securities lending program. If a client has elected to participate in the lending program then it will not have the right to vote the proxies of any securities that are on loan as of the shareholder meeting record date. A client, or a Portfolio Manager, may place restrictions on loaning securities and/or recall a security on loan at any time. Such actions must be affected prior to the record date for a meeting if the purpose for the restriction or recall is to secure the vote.

Portfolio Managers and/or analysts who become aware of upcoming proxy issues relating to any securities in portfolios they manage, or issuers they follow, will consider the desirability of recalling the affected securities that are on loan or restricting the affected securities prior to the record date for the matter. If the proxy issue is determined to be material, and the determination is made prior to the shareholder meeting record date the Portfolio Manager(s) will contact the Securities Lending Agent to recall securities on loan or restrict the loaning of any security held in any portfolio they manage, if they determine that it is in the best interest of shareholders to do so.

Proxy Voting Records. As required by Rule 204-2 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, NAM shall make and retain five types of records relating to proxy voting; (1) NAM’s proxy voting policies and procedures; (2) proxy statements received with respect to securities in client accounts; (3) records of proxy votes cast by NAM on behalf of clients accounts; (4) records of written requests from clients for proxy voting information relating to such client’s account, and written responses from NAM to either a written or oral request by clients; and (5) any documents prepared by the adviser that were material to making a proxy voting decision or that memorialized the basis for the decision. NAM may rely on ISS to make and retain on NAM’s behalf certain records pertaining to Rule 204-2.

 

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Fund of Funds Provision. In instances where NAM provides investment advice to a fund of funds that acquires shares of affiliated funds or three percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of an unaffiliated fund, the acquiring fund shall vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all other shareholders of the acquired fund. If compliance with this policy results in a vote of any shares in a manner different than the ISS recommendation, such vote will not require compliance with the Proxy Vote Override procedures set forth above.

Legacy Securities. To the extent that NAM receives proxies for securities that are transferred into an account’s portfolio that were not recommended or selected by it and are sold or expected to be sold promptly in an orderly manner (“legacy securities”), NAM will generally refrain from voting such proxies. In such circumstances, since legacy securities are expected to be sold promptly, voting proxies on such securities would not further NAM’s interest in maximizing the value of client investments. NAM may agree to an account’s special request to vote a legacy security proxy, and would vote such proxy in accordance with NAM’s guidelines.

Terminated Accounts. Proxies received after the termination date of an account generally will not be voted. An exception will be made if the record date is for a period in which an account was under NAM’s discretionary management or if a separately managed account (“SMA”) custodian failed to remove the account’s holdings from its aggregated voting list.

I. Non-votes. NGO shall be responsible for obtaining reasonable assurance that proxies are voted (or, in rare instances, for voting proxies) on behalf, and in cases where further instruction from NAM may be required in order to vote a given proxy or proxies, for ensuring that such instructions are submitted in a timely manner. It should not be considered a breach of this responsibility if NAM does not receive a proxy from ISS or a custodian with adequate time to analyze and direct to vote or vote a proxy by the required voting deadline.

NAM may determine not to vote proxies associated with the securities of any issuer if as a result of voting such proxies, subsequent purchases or sales of such securities would be blocked. However, NAM may decide, on an individual security basis that it is in the best interests of its clients to vote the proxy associated with such a security, taking into account the loss of liquidity. In addition, NAM may not vote proxies where the voting would in NAM’s judgment result in some other financial, legal, regulatory disability or burden to the client (such as imputing control with respect to the issuer) or subject to resolution of any conflict of interest as provided herein, to NAM.

In the case of SMAs, NAM may determine not to vote securities where voting would require the transfer of the security to another custodian designated by the issuer. Such transfer is generally outside the scope of NAM’s authority and may result in significant operational limitations on NAM’s ability to conduct transactions relating to the securities during the period of transfer. From time to time, situations may arise (operational or otherwise) that prevent NAM from voting proxies after reasonable attempts have been made.

 

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Review and Reports.

The PVC shall maintain a review schedule. The schedule shall include reviews of the proxy voting policy (including the policies of any Sub- adviser engaged by NAM), the proxy voting record, account maintenance, and other reviews as deemed appropriate by the PVC. The PVC shall review the schedule at least annually.

The PVC will report to NAM’s Compliance Committee with respect to all identified conflicts and how they were addressed. These reports will include all accounts, including those that are sub-advised. NAM also shall provide the Funds that it sub-advises with information necessary for preparing Form N-PX.

Vote Disclosure to Clients. NAM’s institutional and SMA clients can contact their relationship manager for more information on NAM’s policies and the proxy voting record for their account. The information available includes name of issuer, ticker/CUSIP, shareholder meeting date, description of item and NAM’s vote.

 

Responsible Parties

PVC NGO

NAM Compliance Legal

Department

 

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LOGO

COMPLIANCE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES MANUAL

Section 18 - Proxy Voting

RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC PROXY VOTING

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Pursuant to the recent adoption by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) of Rule 206(4)-6 (17 CFR 275.206(4)-6) and amendments to Rule 204-2 (17 CFR 275.204-2) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Act”), it is a fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative act, practice or course of business, within the meaning of Section 206(4) of the Act, for an investment adviser to exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, unless (i) the adviser has adopted and implemented written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes proxies in the best interests of its clients, (ii) the adviser describes its proxy voting procedures to its clients and provides copies on request, and (iii) the adviser discloses to clients how they may obtain information on how the adviser voted their proxies.

In its standard investment advisory agreement, RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (RiverNorth Capital) specifically states that it does not vote proxies unless otherwise directed by the client and the client, including clients governed by ERISA, is responsible for voting any proxies. Therefore, RiverNorth Capital will not vote proxies for these clients. However, RiverNorth Capital will vote proxies on behalf of investment company clients and hedge fund clients (“Funds”). RiverNorth Capital has instructed all custodians, other than Fund custodians, to forward proxies directly to its clients, and if RiverNorth Capital accidentally receives a proxy for any non-Fund client, current or former, the Chief Compliance Officer will promptly forward the proxy to the client. In order to fulfill its responsibilities to Funds, RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (hereinafter “we” or “our”) has adopted the following policies and procedures for proxy voting with regard to companies in any Fund’s investment portfolios.

KEY OBJECTIVES

The key objectives of these policies and procedures recognize that a company’s management is entrusted with the day-to-day operations and longer term strategic planning of the company, subject to the oversight of the company’s board of directors. While “ordinary business matters” are primarily the responsibility of management and should be approved solely by the corporation’s board of directors, these objectives also recognize that the company’s shareholders must have final say over how management and directors are performing, and how shareholders’ rights and ownership interests are handled, especially when matters could have substantial economic implications to the shareholders.

Therefore, we will pay particular attention to the following matters in exercising our proxy voting responsibilities as a fiduciary for our clients:

Accountability. Each company should have effective means in place to hold those entrusted with running a company’s business accountable for their actions. Management of a company should be accountable to its board of directors and the board should be accountable to shareholders.

Alignment of Management and Shareholder Interests. Each company should endeavor to align the interests of management and the board of directors with the interests of the company’s shareholders. For example, we generally believe that compensation should be designed to reward management for doing a good job of creating value for the shareholders of the company.

 

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Transparency. Promotion of timely disclosure of important information about a company’s business operations and financial performance enables investors to evaluate the performance of a company and to make informed decisions about the purchase and sale of a company’s securities.

DECISION METHODS

We generally believe that the individual portfolio managers that invest in and track particular companies are the most knowledgeable and best suited to make decisions with regard to proxy votes. Therefore, we rely on those individuals to make the final decisions on how to cast proxy votes.

No set of proxy voting guidelines can anticipate all situations that may arise. In special cases, we may seek insight from our managers and analysts on how a particular proxy proposal will impact the financial prospects of a company, and vote accordingly.

In some instances, a proxy vote may present a conflict between the interests of a client, on the one hand, and our interests or the interests of a person affiliated with us, on the other. In such a case, we will abstain from making a voting decision and will forward all of the necessary proxy voting materials to the client to enable the client to cast the votes.

Notwithstanding the forgoing, the following policies will apply to investment company shares owned by a Fund. Under Section 12(d) (1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the “1940 Act”), a fund may only invest up to 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one investment company, but may not own more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company or invest more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of other investment companies. However, Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act provides that the provisions of paragraph 12(d)(1) shall not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by a fund if (i) immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such registered investment company is owned by the fund and all affiliated persons of the fund; and (ii) the fund is not proposing to offer or sell any security issued by it through a principal underwriter or otherwise at a public or offering price which includes a sales load of more than 1 12% percent. Therefore, each Fund (or the Adviser acting on behalf of the Fund) must comply with the following voting restrictions unless it is determined that the Fund is not relying on Section 12(d) (1) (F):

 

    when the Fund exercises voting rights, by proxy or otherwise, with respect to any investment company owned by the Fund, the Fund will either

 

    seek instruction from the Fund’s shareholders with regard to the voting of all proxies and vote in accordance with such instructions, or

 

    vote the shares held by the Fund in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such security.

 

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PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES

Election of the Board of Directors

We believe that good corporate governance generally starts with a board composed primarily of independent directors, unfettered by significant ties to management, all of whose members are elected annually. We also believe that turnover in board composition promotes independent board action; fresh approaches to governance, and generally has a positive impact on shareholder value. We will generally vote in favor of

non-incumbent independent directors.

The election of a company’s board of directors is one of the most fundamental rights held by shareholders. Because a classified board structure prevents shareholders from electing a full slate of directors annually, we will generally support efforts to declassify boards or other measures that permit shareholders to remove a majority of directors at any time, and will generally oppose efforts to adopt classified board structures.

Approval of Independent Auditors

We believe that the relationship between a company and its auditors should be limited primarily to the audit engagement, although it may include certain closely related activities that do not raise an appearance of impaired independence.

We will evaluate on a case-by-case basis instances in which the audit firm has a substantial non-audit relationship with a company to determine whether we believe independence has been, or could be, compromised.

Equity-based compensation plans

We believe that appropriately designed equity-based compensation plans, approved by shareholders, can be an effective way to align the interests of shareholders and the interests of directors, management, and employees by providing incentives to increase shareholder value. Conversely, we are opposed to plans that substantially dilute ownership interests in the company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have inherently objectionable structural features.

We will generally support measures intended to increase stock ownership by executives and the use of employee stock purchase plans to increase company stock ownership by employees. These may include:

 

1. Requiring senior executives to hold stock in a company.

 

2. Requiring stock acquired through option exercise to be held for a certain period of time.

These are guidelines, and we consider other factors, such as the nature of the industry and size of the company, when assessing a plan’s impact on ownership interests.

Corporate Structure

We view the exercise of shareholders’ rights, including the rights to act by written consent, to call special meetings and to remove directors, to be fundamental to good corporate governance.

Because classes of common stock with unequal voting rights limit the rights of certain shareholders, we generally believe that shareholders should have voting power equal to their equity interest in the company and should be able to approve or reject changes to a company’s by-laws by a simple majority vote.

 

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We will generally support the ability of shareholders to cumulate their votes for the election of directors.

Shareholder Rights Plans

While we recognize that there are arguments both in favor of and against shareholder rights plans, also known as poison pills, such measures may tend to entrench current management, which we generally consider to have a negative impact on shareholder value. Therefore, while we will evaluate such plans on a case by case basis, we will generally oppose such plans.

CLIENT INFORMATION

A copy of these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures is available to our clients, without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-646-0148. We will send a copy of these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures within three business days of receipt of a request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery. In addition, we will provide each client, without charge, upon request, information regarding the proxy votes cast by us with regard to the client’s securities.

TESTING PROCEDURES

On a monthly basis, the Chief Compliance Officer or his designee shall obtain periodic affirmations from employees responsible for voting proxies that all outstanding proxies for the prior month have been voted. On a periodic basis, the Chief Compliance Officer or his designee shall review a sample of all proxies for compliance with these procedures.

Revised 2/12/2013

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LOGO

 

SailingStone Capital Proxy Voting Policy

Proxies are assets of SailingStone’s Clients that must be voted with diligence, care, and loyalty. SailingStone will vote each proxy in accordance with its fiduciary duty to its Clients. SailingStone will generally seek to vote proxies in a way that maximizes the value of Clients’ assets. However, SailingStone will document and abide by any specific proxy voting instructions conveyed in writing by a Client with respect to that Client’s securities.

These policies and procedures do not apply to any Client that has explicitly retained authority and discretion to vote its own proxies or delegated such authority and discretion to a third party; SailingStone takes no responsibility for the voting of any proxies on behalf of any such Client. For those Clients that have delegated such authority and discretion to SailingStone, these policies and procedures apply equally to registered investment companies and other institutional accounts. Paragraph (c)(ii) of Rule 204-2 under the Advisers Act requires SailingStone to maintain certain books and records associated with its proxy voting policies and procedures. The CCO will ensure that SailingStone complies with all applicable recordkeeping requirements associated with proxy voting.

SailingStone has retained ISS Governance Services (“ISS”) to assist in the proxy voting process. The CCO manages SailingStone’s relationship with ISS. ISS prepares analyses of most matters submitted to a shareholder vote. ISS receives a daily electronic feed of all holdings in SailingStone’s voting accounts, and trustees and/or custodians for those accounts have been instructed to deliver all proxy materials that they receive directly to ISS. ISS monitors the accounts and their holdings to be sure that all proxies are received and voted. As a result of the firm’s decision to use ISS, there is generally no physical handling of proxies by SailingStone personnel. The CCO ensures that ISS votes all proxies and retains all required documentation associated with proxy voting. SailingStone has adopted proxy voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”) that set forth how SailingStone plans to vote on specific matters presented for shareholder vote. The Guidelines are generally based on ISS ESG principles.

SailingStone reserves the right to override the Guidelines when it considers that such an override would be in the best interest of its Clients, taking into consideration all relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote. In advance of the deadline for any particular vote, ISS posts information regarding that vote on its secure website. This information includes the upcoming voting deadline, the vote indicated by the Guidelines, if any, and any analysis or other information that ISS has prepared with respect to the vote. The CCO accesses the website on a regular basis to monitor the matters presented for shareholder votes and to track the voting of the proxies. SailingStone will not neglect its proxy voting responsibilities, but the Firm may abstain from voting if it deems that abstaining is in its Clients’ best interests. For example, SailingStone may be unable to vote securities that have been lent by the custodian. Also, proxy voting in certain countries involves “share blocking,” which limits SailingStone’s ability to sell the affected security during a blocking period that can last for several weeks. SailingStone believes that the potential consequences of being unable to sell a security usually outweigh the benefits of participating in a proxy vote, so SailingStone generally abstains from voting when share blocking is required.

 


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T. ROWE PRICE ASSOCIATES, INC. AND ITS INVESTMENT ADVISER AFFILIATES

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

RESPONSIBILITY TO VOTE PROXIES

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., T. Rowe Price International Ltd, T. Rowe Price (Canada), Inc., T. Rowe Price Hong Kong Limited, and T. Rowe Price Singapore Private Ltd. (collectively, “T. Rowe Price”) recognize and adhere to the principle that one of the privileges of owning stock in a company is the right to vote in the election of the company’s directors and on matters affecting certain important aspects of the company’s structure and operations that are submitted to shareholder vote. As an investment adviser with a fiduciary responsibility to its clients, T. Rowe Price analyzes the proxy statements of issuers whose stock is owned by the U.S.-registered investment companies which it sponsors and serves as investment adviser (“Price Funds”) and by common trust funds, offshore funds, institutional and private counsel clients who have requested that T. Rowe Price be involved in the proxy process. T. Rowe Price has assumed the responsibility for voting proxies on behalf of the T. Rowe Price Funds and certain counsel clients who have delegated such responsibility to T. Rowe Price. In addition, T. Rowe Price makes recommendations regarding proxy voting to counsel clients who have not delegated the voting responsibility but who have requested voting advice. T. Rowe Price reserves the right to decline to vote proxies in accordance with client-specific voting guidelines.

T. Rowe Price has adopted these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Policies and Procedures”) for the purpose of establishing formal policies and procedures for performing and documenting its fiduciary duty with regard to the voting of client proxies. This document is updated annually.

Fiduciary Considerations. It is the policy of T. Rowe Price that decisions with respect to proxy issues will be made in light of the anticipated impact of the issue on the desirability of investing in the portfolio company from the viewpoint of the particular client or Price Fund. Proxies are voted solely in the interests of the client, Price Fund shareholders or, where employee benefit plan assets are involved, in the interests of plan participants and beneficiaries. Our intent has always been to vote proxies, where possible to do so, in a manner consistent with our fiduciary obligations and responsibilities. Practicalities and costs involved with international investing may make it impossible at times, and at other times disadvantageous, to vote proxies in every instance.

Other Considerations. One of the primary factors T. Rowe Price considers when determining the desirability of investing in a particular company is the quality and depth of its management. We recognize that a company’s management is entrusted with the day-to-day operations of the company, as well as its long-term direction and strategic planning, subject to the oversight of the company’s board of directors. Accordingly, our proxy voting guidelines are not intended to substitute our judgment for management’s with respect to the company’s day-to-day operations. Rather, our proxy voting guidelines are designed to promote accountability of a company’s management and board of directors to its shareholders; to align the interests of management with those of shareholders; and to encourage companies to adopt best practices in terms of their corporate governance. In addition to our proxy voting guidelines, we rely on a company’s disclosures, its board’s recommendations, a company’s track record, country-specific best practices codes, our research providers and, most importantly, our investment professionals’ views, in making voting decisions.

 


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ADMINISTRATION OF POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Proxy Committee. T. Rowe Price’s Proxy Committee (“Proxy Committee”) is responsible for establishing positions with respect to corporate governance and other proxy issues, including those involving corporate social responsibility issues. Certain delegated members of the Proxy Committee also review questions and respond to inquiries from clients and mutual fund shareholders pertaining to proxy issues. While the Proxy Committee sets voting guidelines and serves as a resource for T. Rowe Price portfolio management, it does not have proxy voting authority for any Price Fund or counsel client. Rather, this responsibility is held by the Chairperson of the Price Fund’s Investment Advisory Committee or counsel client’s portfolio manager.

Proxy Services Group. The Proxy Services Group is responsible for administering the proxy voting process as set forth in the Policies and Procedures.

Head of Corporate Governance. Our Head of Corporate Governance is responsible for reviewing the proxy agendas for all upcoming meetings and making company-specific recommendations to our global industry analysts and portfolio managers with regard to the voting decisions in their portfolios.

HOW PROXIES ARE REVIEWED, PROCESSED AND VOTED

In order to facilitate the proxy voting process, T. Rowe Price has retained Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”) as an expert in the proxy voting and corporate governance area. ISS specializes in providing a variety of fiduciary-level proxy advisory and voting services. These services include voting recommendations as well as vote execution and reporting for the handling of proxy voting responsibility. In order to reflect T. Rowe Price’s issue-by-issue voting guidelines as approved each year by the Proxy Committee, ISS maintains and implements a custom voting policy for the Price Funds and other client accounts.

Meeting Notification

T. Rowe Price utilizes ISS’ voting agent services to notify us of upcoming shareholder meetings for portfolio companies held in client accounts and to transmit votes to the various custodian banks of our clients. ISS tracks and reconciles T. Rowe Price holdings against incoming proxy ballots. If ballots do not arrive on time, ISS procures them from the appropriate custodian or proxy distribution agent. Meeting and record date information is updated daily, and transmitted to T. Rowe Price through ProxyExchange, ISS’ web-based application.

Vote Determination

Each day, ISS delivers into T. Rowe Price’s proprietary proxy research platform a comprehensive summary of upcoming meetings, proxy proposals, publications discussing key proxy voting issues, and custom vote recommendations to assist us with proxy research and processing. The final authority and responsibility for proxy voting decisions remains with T. Rowe Price. Decisions with respect to proxy matters are made primarily in light of the anticipated impact of the issue on the desirability of investing in the company from the perspective of our clients.

Portfolio managers may decide to vote their proxies consistent with the guidelines, as set by the Proxy

 


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Committee, and instruct the Proxy Services Group to vote all proxies accordingly. Alternatively, portfolio managers may request to review the vote recommendations and sign off on all proxies before the votes are cast, or they may choose only to sign off on those votes cast against management. The portfolio managers are also given the option of reviewing and determining the votes on all proxies without utilizing the vote guidelines of the Proxy Committee. In all cases, the portfolio managers may elect to receive current reports summarizing all proxy votes in their client accounts. Portfolio managers who vote their proxies inconsistent with T. Rowe Price guidelines are required to document the rationale for their votes. The Proxy Services Group is responsible for maintaining this documentation and assuring that it adequately reflects the basis for any vote which is cast contrary to our proxy voting guidelines.

T. Rowe Price Voting Policies

Specific proxy voting guidelines have been adopted by the Proxy Committee for all regularly occurring categories of management and shareholder proposals. A detailed set of proxy voting guidelines is available on the T. Rowe Price website, www.troweprice.com. The following is a summary of our guidelines on the most significant proxy voting topics:

Election of Directors – For U.S. companies, T. Rowe Price generally supports slates with a majority of independent directors. However, T. Rowe Price may vote against outside directors who do not meet our criteria relating to their independence, particularly when they serve on key board committees, such as compensation and nominating committees, for which we believe that all directors should be independent. Outside of the U.S., we expect companies to adhere to the minimum independence standard established by regional corporate governance codes. At a minimum, however, we believe boards in all regions should include a blend of executive and non-executive members, and we are likely to vote against senior executives at companies with insufficient representation by independent directors. We also vote against directors who are unable to dedicate sufficient time to their board duties due to their commitments to other boards. We may vote against certain directors who have served on company boards where we believe there has been a gross failure in governance or oversight. Additionally, we may vote against compensation committee members who approve excessive executive compensation or severance arrangements. We support efforts to elect all board members annually because boards with staggered terms lessen directors’ accountability to shareholders and act as deterrents to takeover proposals. To strengthen boards’ accountability, T. Rowe Price supports proposals calling for a majority vote threshold for the election of directors and we may withhold votes from an entire board if they fail to implement shareholder proposals that receive majority support.

Anti-Takeover, Capital Structure and Corporate Governance Issues – T. Rowe Price generally opposes anti-takeover measures since they adversely impact shareholder rights and limit the ability of shareholders to act on potential value-enhancing transactions. Such anti-takeover mechanisms include classified boards, supermajority voting requirements, dual share classes, and poison pills. When voting on capital structure proposals, T. Rowe Price will consider the dilutive impact to shareholders and the effect on shareholder rights. We may support shareholder proposals that call for the separation of the Chairman and CEO positions if we determine that insufficient governance safeguards are in place at the company.

Executive Compensation Issues – T. Rowe Price’s goal is to assure that a company’s equity-based compensation plan is aligned with shareholders’ long-term interests. We evaluate plans on a case-by-case basis, using a number of factors, including dilution to shareholders, problematic plan features, burn rate, and the equity compensation mix. Plans that are constructed to effectively and fairly align executives’ and shareholders’ incentives generally earn our approval. Conversely, we oppose compensation packages that provide what we view as excessive awards to few senior executives or contain the potential for excessive dilution relative to the

 


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company’s peers. We also may oppose equity plans at any company where we deem the overall compensation practices to be problematic. We generally oppose efforts to reprice options in the event of a decline in value of the underlying stock unless such plans appropriately balance shareholder and employee interests. For companies with particularly egregious pay practices such as excessive severance packages, executives with outsized pledged/hedged stock positions, executive perks, and bonuses that are not adequately linked to performance, we may vote against compensation committee members. We analyze management proposals requesting ratification of a company’s executive compensation practices (“Say-on-Pay” proposals) on a case-by-case basis, using a screen that assesses the long-term linkage between executive compensation and company performance as well as the presence of objectionable structural features in compensation plans. With respect to the frequency in which companies should seek advisory votes on compensation, in most cases we believe shareholders should be offered the opportunity to vote annually. Finally, we may oppose compensation committee members or even the entire board if we have cast votes against a company’s “Say-on-Pay” vote in consecutive years.

Mergers and Acquisitions – T. Rowe Price considers takeover offers, mergers, and other extraordinary corporate transactions on a case-by-case basis to determine if they are beneficial to shareholders’ current and future earnings stream and to ensure that our Price Funds and clients are receiving fair consideration for their securities. We oppose a high proportion of proposals for the ratification of executive severance packages (“Say on Golden Parachute” proposals) in conjunction with merger transactions if we conclude these arrangements reduce the alignment of executives’ incentives with shareholders’ interests.

Corporate Social Responsibility Issues – Vote recommendations for corporate responsibility issues are generated by the Head of Corporate Governance using ISS’ proxy research and company reports. T. Rowe Price generally votes with a company’s management on social, environmental and corporate responsibility issues unless the issue has substantial investment implications for the company’s business or operations which have not been adequately addressed by management. T. Rowe Price supports well-targeted shareholder proposals on environmental and other public policy issues that are particularly relevant to a company’s businesses.

Global Portfolio Companies – ISS applies a two-tier approach to determining and applying global proxy voting policies. The first tier establishes baseline policy guidelines for the most fundamental issues, which span the corporate governance spectrum without regard to a company’s domicile. The second tier takes into account various idiosyncrasies of different countries, making allowances for standard market practices, as long as they do not violate the fundamental goals of good corporate governance. The goal is to enhance shareholder value through effective use of the shareholder franchise, recognizing that application of policies developed for U.S. corporate governance issues are not appropriate for all markets. The Proxy Committee has reviewed ISS’ general global policies and has developed custom international proxy voting guidelines based on those recommendations and our own views as investors in these markets.

Fixed Income, Index and Passively Managed Accounts Proxy voting for fixed income, index and other passively-managed portfolios is administered by the Proxy Services Group using T. Rowe Price’s guidelines as set by the Proxy Committee. If a portfolio company is held in both an actively managed account and an index account, the index account will default to the vote as determined by the actively managed proxy voting process. In addition, fixed income accounts will generally follow the proxy vote determinations on security holdings held by our equity accounts unless the matter is specific to a particular fixed income security (i.e., consents, restructurings, reorganization proposals).

Divided Votes – In situations where a decision is made which is contrary to the policies established by the Proxy Committee, or differs from the vote for any other client or Price Fund, the Proxy Services Group advises the portfolio managers involved of the divided vote. The persons representing opposing views often confer to discuss their positions because in most cases our votes reflect consensus across the Price Funds and other accounts.

 


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Shareblocking Shareblocking is the practice in certain foreign countries of “freezing” shares for trading purposes in order to vote proxies relating to those shares. In markets where shareblocking applies, the custodian or sub-custodian automatically freezes shares prior to a shareholder meeting once a proxy has been voted. Shareblocking typically takes place between one and fifteen (15) days before the shareholder meeting, depending on the market. In markets where shareblocking applies, there is a potential for a pending trade to fail if trade settlement takes place during the blocking period. T. Rowe Price’s policy is generally to refrain from voting shares in shareblocking countries unless the matter has compelling economic consequences that outweigh the loss of liquidity in the blocked shares.

Securities on Loan The Price Funds and our institutional clients may participate in securities lending programs to generate income. Generally, the voting rights pass with the securities on loan; however, lending agreements give the lender the right to terminate the loan and pull back the loaned shares provided sufficient notice is given to the custodian bank in advance of the applicable deadline. T. Rowe Price’s policy is generally not to vote securities on loan unless we determine there is a material voting event that could affect the value of the loaned securities. In this event, we have the discretion to pull back the loaned securities in order to cast a vote at an upcoming shareholder meeting.

Monitoring and Resolving Conflicts of Interest

The Proxy Committee is also responsible for monitoring and resolving potential material conflicts between the interests of T. Rowe Price and those of its clients with respect to proxy voting. We have adopted safeguards to ensure that our proxy voting is not influenced by interests other than those of our fund shareholders. While membership on the Proxy Committee is diverse, it does not include individuals whose primary duties relate to client relationship management, marketing, or sales. Since T. Rowe Price’s voting guidelines are predetermined by the Proxy Committee, application of the guidelines by fund portfolio managers to vote fund proxies should in most instances adequately address any potential conflicts of interest. However, consistent with the terms of the Policies and Procedures, which allow portfolio managers to vote proxies opposite our general voting guidelines, the Proxy Committee regularly reviews all such proxy votes that are inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines to determine whether the portfolio manager’s voting rationale appears reasonable. The Proxy Committee also assesses whether any business or other material relationships between T. Rowe Price and a portfolio company (unrelated to the ownership of the portfolio company’s securities) could have influenced an inconsistent vote on that company’s proxy.

Issues raising potential conflicts of interest are referred to designated members of the Proxy Committee for immediate resolution prior to the time T. Rowe Price casts its vote. With respect to personal conflicts of interest, T. Rowe Price’s Code of Ethics and Conduct requires all employees to avoid placing themselves in a “compromising position” in which their interests may conflict with those of our clients and restrict their ability to engage in certain outside business activities. Portfolio managers or Proxy Committee members with a personal conflict of interest regarding a particular proxy vote must recuse themselves and not participate in the voting decisions with respect to that proxy.

 


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Specific Conflict of Interest Situations - Voting of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. common stock (sym: TROW) by certain T. Rowe Price Index Funds will be done in all instances in accordance with T. Rowe Price policy, and votes inconsistent with policy will not be permitted. In the event that there is no previously established guideline for a specific voting issue appearing on the T. Rowe Price Group proxy, the Price Funds will abstain on that voting item. In addition, T. Rowe Price has voting authority for proxies of the holdings of certain Price Funds that invest in other Price Funds. In cases where the underlying fund of an investing Price Fund, including a fund-of-funds, holds a proxy vote, T. Rowe Price will mirror vote the fund shares held by the upper-tier fund in the same proportion as the votes cast by the shareholders of the underlying funds (other than the T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Funds).

Limitations on Voting Proxies of Banks

T. Rowe Price has obtained relief from the U.S. Federal Reserve Board (the “FRB Relief”) which permits, subject to a number of conditions, T. Rowe Price to acquire in the aggregate on behalf of its clients, 10% or more of the total voting stock of a bank, bank holding company, savings and loan holding company or savings association (each a “Bank”), not to exceed a 15% aggregate beneficial ownership maximum in such Bank. One such condition affects the manner in which T. Rowe Price will vote its clients’ shares of a Bank in excess of 10% of the Bank’s total voting stock (“Excess Shares”). The FRB Relief requires that T. Rowe Price use its best efforts to vote the Excess Shares in the same proportion as all other shares voted, a practice generally referred to as “mirror voting,” or in the event that such efforts to mirror vote are unsuccessful, Excess Shares will not be voted. With respect to a shareholder vote for a Bank of which T. Rowe Price has aggregate beneficial ownership of greater than 10% on behalf of its clients, T. Rowe Price will determine which of its clients’ shares are Excess Shares on a pro rata basis across all of its clients’ portfolios for which T. Rowe Price has the power to vote proxies.

REPORTING, RECORD RETENTION AND OVERSIGHT

The Proxy Committee, and certain personnel under the direction of the Proxy Committee, perform the following oversight and assurance functions, among others, over T. Rowe Price’s proxy voting: (1) periodically samples proxy votes to ensure that they were cast in compliance with T. Rowe Price’s proxy voting guidelines; (2) reviews, no less frequently than annually, the adequacy of the Policies and Procedures to make sure that they have been implemented effectively, including whether they continue to be reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of our clients; (3) performs due diligence on whether a retained proxy advisory firm has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues, including the adequacy and quality of the proxy advisory firm’s staffing and personnel and its policies; and (4) oversees any retained proxy advisory firms and their procedures regarding their capabilities to (i) produce proxy research that is based on current and accurate information and (ii) identify and address any conflicts of interest and any other considerations that we believe would be appropriate in considering the nature and quality of the services provided by the proxy advisory firm.

Vote Summary Reports will be generated for each client that requests T. Rowe Price to furnish proxy voting records. The report specifies the portfolio companies, meeting dates, proxy proposals, and votes which have been cast for the client during the period and the position taken with respect to each issue. Reports normally cover quarterly or annual periods and are provided to clients upon request.

T. Rowe Price retains proxy solicitation materials, memoranda regarding votes cast in opposition to the position of a company’s management, and documentation on shares voted differently. In addition, any document which is material to a proxy voting decision such as the T. Rowe Price proxy voting guidelines, Proxy Committee meeting materials, and other internal research relating to voting decisions will be kept. All proxy voting materials and supporting documentation are retained for six years (except for proxy statements available on the SEC’s EDGAR database).

 


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LOGO

November 3, 2017

 


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GENERAL PRINCIPLES

     320  

MANAGEMENT OF CLIENT ASSETS

     321  

Investment Authority

     321  

Amendment to Investment Agreement, Investment Guidelines And Constraints; Oral Instructions

     321  

Fee Modifications; Most Favored Nation Clauses

     321  

Communication Of Investment Guidelines  & Constraints To Be Monitored

     322  

Investment Monitoring

     322  

Pre-Trade Monitoring

     322  

Post-Trade Monitoring

     323  

Other Persons and Groups

     324  

OFAC Designated Person/Entity Review Required

     324  

CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS

     325  

Overview

     325  

Receipt of Confidential Information Can Restrict Trading  & Disclosure

     325  

Compliance with Confidentiality Requirement

     325  

Standstill Provisions

     325  

TCW Affiliates

     326  

Non-Solicitation or Non-Hire of Employees

     326  

Non-Compete Provision

     327  

Indemnification

     327  

Non-Circumvention Provision

     327  

Other Provisions

     327  

Investment Committees

     327  

Disclosure to Representatives

     327  

Termination

     328  

Destruction of Documents

     328  

Opinions

     328  

Expenses

     328  

 

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Exclusivity

     328  

Use of Confidential Information

     328  

Governing Law; Jurisdiction

     329  

Executed Confidentiality Agreements

     329  

ERISA CONSIDERATIONS IN PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

     330  

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

     331  

Overview

     331  

What Is A Conflict Of Interest?

     331  

How Are Conflicts Of Interest Managed?

     331  

VALUATION PROCEDURES

     333  

Overview

     333  

Pricing Committee

     333  

Procedures

     333  

Fair Valuation

     334  

Record Retention

     335  

DISTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH

     336  

Overview

     336  

External Distribution

     336  

Internal Distribution

     338  

PROXY VOTING

     339  

CORPORATE ACTIONS

     340  

NEW PRODUCT PROCEDURES

     341  

FORMATION OF NEW ENTITIES

     342  

CUSTODY

     343  

 

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General Rule

     24  

What Is Custody?

     24  

Registered Advisors - Special Requirements

     24  

Account Opening and Annual Review Procedures

     25  

Firm Handling of Physical Securities

     26  

CLASS ACTIONS

     27  

Investment Advisory Accounts

     27  

Third Party Custodians

     27  

TCW/BNY Mellon Custodial Accounts

     27  

Commingled Funds & TCW Mutual Funds

     28  

REPORTING OF HOLDINGS

     29  

Quarterly Holdings Report On Form 13F

     29  

5% Holdings Report Under Schedules 13G And 13D

     29  

Section 16 Filings

     30  

Industry Holdings

     30  

Foreign Holdings

     30  

EQUITY INVESTMENTS IN BANKS OR BANK HOLDING COMPANIES

     31  

RECORD RETENTION

     32  

GLOSSARY

     33  

APPENDIX A

     A1  

Conflicts of Interest Policy concerning Distressed Strategies

     A1  

APPENDIX B

     B1  

Valuation Process for Certain Alternative Strategies

     B1  

 

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APPENDIX C

     C1  

Proxy Voting Guidelines and Procedures

     C1  

ENDNOTES

     1  

 

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General Principles

This Portfolio Management Policy applies to The TCW Group, Inc. and its investment advisory entities other than investment advisers with their own separately approved policies and procedures. We have adopted this Portfolio Management Policy to facilitate the following goals:

 

    Conduct portfolio management activities in accordance with clients’ mandates as provided in the account or fund documents and disclosures, legal and regulatory requirements, and Firm policies, identify, and either avoid or manage, conflicts of interest, safeguard client assets.

 

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Management of Client Assets

Investment Authority

Each Account has a designated TCW Advisor. Authority for an employee to take action on behalf of such TCW Advisor is set forth in detailed signing resolutions approved by the TCW Advisor’s board of directors and maintained by the Legal Department.

Amendment to Investment Agreement, Investment Guidelines And Constraints; Oral Instructions

An investment management agreement may only be amended in writing as agreed to by TCW Advisor and the client. Generally, a client may not amend its investment guidelines unilaterally. Before the Firm agrees to any such amendment:

 

    The amendment must be approved by the product group, Investment Compliance and the Legal Department.

 

    Any amendment must be in writing-it cannot be oral.

 

    Copies of all final amendments should be sent to Investment Compliance, the Legal Department, the product group, the client relations officer and other groups as appropriate.

As a matter of Firm policy, do not take significant actions based on oral instructions from clients (see Client Intake Policy/Client and Investor Directions). If oral instructions are received:

 

    Contact Investment Compliance if you believe a client’s instructions would cause an Account to go out of compliance with the investment guidelines or could prevent the Account from getting back into compliance if it should later go out of compliance.

 

    For any change to, or any instruction affecting, any investment guideline, contact Investment Compliance.

 

    For all strategies, Investment Compliance will coordinate the resolution of the situation working with appropriate personnel, which may include the Legal Department, portfolio manager, trader, and/or client relation officers.

 

    If deemed necessary that the client should be sent a written communication, the communication should state that:

 

    the instruction will be deemed to be an override of the investment guidelines,

 

    the Firm will not be responsible for resulting breaches or subsequent breaches that are rendered incurable by the instruction; and

 

    contact the Legal Department for the type of letter to be sent to the client.

Fee Modifications; Most Favored Nation Clauses

 

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No changes to a fee should be proposed without first having cleared it with the Legal Department to ensure the change does not trigger any Most Favored Nation provisions (discussed below). In addition, no modification to fees should be made unless and until: the modification is approved by a designated member of executive management, the modification is in writing, and a signed copy of the written modification is sent to the Legal Department and CFR such that the company databases and billing systems can be kept up-to-date. Most Favored Nation provisions are generally discouraged. If a potential client raises the issue of a Most Favored Nation provision, alert the attorney working on the matter as soon as possible to avoid a potentially embarrassing situation if discussions with the client have progressed too far. All Most Favored Nation provisions are reviewed by a designated member of executive management.

Communication Of Investment Guidelines & Constraints To Be Monitored

Each Account managed by the Firm has investment guidelines and constraints, based on the investment objectives and limitations set forth in the Account’s governing documents, as well as legal and regulatory constraints.

 

    A member of Investment Compliance distills the investment restrictions and communicates the information to the Legal Department, PAG, portfolio managers, traders, and client services, if applicable.

 

    Changes in the distillation of restrictions and in the coding are secondarily reviewed by supervisors in the group before being applied to client accounts or funds.

 

    Additionally, for the TCW Mutual Funds, the Mutual Fund Administrator creates a matrix that contains all of the limits from the prospectus, statement of additional information, and the 40 Act and other limits applicable to the TCW Mutual Fund and explains how they will be monitored by the Mutual Fund Administrator. Investment Compliance reviews and signs off on the matrix at least annually. The matrix is used to generate the monitoring reports issued by the Mutual Fund Administrator.

 

    For certain CBO, CDO, or CLO strategies, a third-party administrator is retained by the fund that distills the applicable investment limitations and uses this to generate monitoring reports. For certain strategies that involve non-marketable securities, an investment committee may be established to approve each new portfolio investment transaction.

Investment Monitoring

Pre-Trade Monitoring

Each trading desk has systems and procedures in place for the oversight of securities traded by those desks.

 

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    These include some or all of the following: pre-trade checking of investment limitations, restricted lists and limits on dealing with Affiliates or restricted persons (e.g., ERISA); trade allocation procedures; and tracking of directed brokerage instructions.

 

    Many of the marketable securities strategies use automated order management systems that apply selected pre-trade compliance validation in the order creation process.

 

    Product groups that invest in non-publicly traded securities must follow the anti-money laundering procedures in the Portfolio Management Policy.

 

    Portfolio management personnel also may be involved in decisions to do Cross Trades and must comply with the procedures in the Trading and Brokerage Policy.

 

    Note that various security limits concerning the TCW Mutual Funds are discussed in more detail in the Registered Investment Company Policies.

Post-Trade Monitoring

Investment Compliance conducts post-trade compliance reviews for all marketable securities strategies utilizing a third-party automated compliance system (the “Compliance System”) and/or manual processes.

 

    Investment Compliance programs applicable limits into the Compliance System and creates manual monitoring tools for the limits that are not programmable. Limits in the Compliance System generally are reviewed each business day based on the previous business day’s activity. Manual monitoring tools are used for daily, monthly or quarterly spot-checks.

 

    For accounts such as CDOs where a third-party maintains the official records, a portion of the monitoring may be addressed by periodic reports issued by third-party trustees and administrators.

 

    The results from the Compliance System, the manual processes, and any applicable notifications/reports are reviewed by Investment Compliance, which shall determine whether any flagged item requires further investigation.

 

    If a flagged item requires further investigation, Investment Compliance will coordinate the resolution of the situation working with appropriate personnel, which may include the Legal Department, portfolio manager, trader and Client Services. If necessary and when appropriate, a member of Investment Compliance also may work with such other applicable persons, including the Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel, and/or executive management.

 

    For wrap accounts, the model account for each strategy is monitored on the Compliance System and with manual processes. The investment limitations attached to the model account are the aggregate of all restrictions for wrap accounts in that strategy. The wrap sponsors are responsible for individual account compliance.

 

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Other Persons and Groups

Investment oversight is consolidated for the Firm under the Chief Investment Officers. In addition to Investment Compliance, various other key persons and groups involved in oversight of the investment process may include, but are not limited to:

 

    Equities and Fixed Income Trading and Allocation Committees - monitors various risks, including portfolio management practices.

 

    PAG - creates numerous analytical-oriented reports for Communications, Marketing and other groups within the Firm.

 

    Portfolio Analytics Committee - reviews key performance indicators for each marketable securities strategy and reviews analyses conducted by PAG, such as attribution analysis and style consistency.

 

    The Chief Compliance Officer and/or attorneys in the Legal Department - act as advisers regarding compliance with governing agreements and guidelines.

 

    Enterprise Risk Management Committee - among other roles, monitors investment exceptions.

OFAC Designated Person/Entity Review Required

All issuers with publicly traded securities (including 144As) on the Designated Person/Entity List have been included in the Restricted Securities List. Prior to trading in any public security, the portfolio manager group should consult the Restricted Securities List. If the issuer that is the subject of the prospective trade is on the Restricted Securities List, or any party to the transaction of whom the portfolio manager is aware (including a controlling shareholder of the issuer) is on the Restricted Securities List, the portfolio manager should immediately contact Legal or Compliance before proceeding with the trade.

For any security transaction that is not publicly traded, the product area should check the issuer of the security and all parties that have a significant relationship with the issuer, of whom the portfolio manager is aware, against the Designated Person/Entity List found in the Bridger Insight application. The product area should also check to see if the entity is 20% or more owned by a Designated Person/Entity. The product area must also maintain a record of the check showing the results of the search on Bridger Insight. If any security or party is found on the Designated Person/Entity List, the product area should immediately contact Legal or Compliance before proceeding with the trade.

 

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Confidentiality Agreements

Overview

Confidentiality agreements raise a number of legal and practical concerns, particularly when there are provisions concerning a standstill, non-solicitation, non-compete, indemnification or receipt of material non-public information. Confidentiality agreements concerning Accounts are required to be reviewed by the Legal Department.

Receipt of Confidential Information Can Restrict Trading & Disclosure

Receipt of material non-public information about a company can result in the securities held or being acquired being illiquid. This is due to the legal restrictions on trading while having access to material non-public information. See the Code of Ethics regarding Insider Trading.

To maintain flexibility in trading the securities that are the subject of a confidentiality agreement, consult with the Legal Department to determine what might be feasible. Additionally, when entering into a confidentiality agreement on behalf of an Account, promptly notify the Legal Department to establish the appropriate Ethical Wall memo and determine whether to place the issuer on the Restricted Securities List in accordance with the Firm’s standard Ethical Wall procedures outlined in the Code of Ethics.

Compliance with Confidentiality Requirement

Once a confidentiality agreement is signed, those in charge of the product group or project should establish mechanisms and procedures to ensure that:

 

    Confidentiality is maintained and limited to those in the group who have a need to know,

 

    All recipients of the information are aware of its confidentiality and treat it accordingly, and no inadvertent leaks or slip-ups occur. The Firm generally is responsible for slip-ups by employees, and any slip-ups should be reported to the Legal Department and the Chief Compliance Officer.

Standstill Provisions

A standstill is any provision in a confidentiality agreement that restricts the Firm from buying or selling the securities of a company for a specified time period. This type of provision should be strongly resisted and may not be agreed to without express approval from an attorney in the Legal Department.

In the rare instances when a product group is willing to become contractually restricted in exchange for receiving the confidential information, the provision must be very narrowly drafted to only pick up purchases or sales by members of the specific product group. Carefully examining the defined terms used to describe the parties and definitions of related parties or affiliates is critical to ensuring that these restrictions narrowly apply.

 

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In the event a standstill provision is agreed upon (after receiving approval from the Legal Department), the Legal Department will establish the appropriate Ethical Wall and determine whether to place the issuer of the securities or bank debt on the Restricted Securities List in accordance with the Firm’s standard Ethical Wall procedures outlined in the Code of Ethics.

TCW Affiliates

Typically, a confidentiality agreement should not bind the Firm generally and/or its Affiliates but rather only the accounts or funds managed by the product group that desire to obtain the confidential information. The defined terms used to describe the parties and the signature block on the confidentiality agreement should reflect this consistently. Any provision that binds the Firm generally or the Firm and its Affiliates may not be entered into without the express approval from an attorney in the Legal Department.

Entering into any confidentiality agreement that purports to bind The Carlyle Group (“Carlyle”) or any of its affiliates (other than TCW) is prohibited. Typically Carlyle should be excluded from any “standstill” or “lock-up” provisions contained in non-disclosure agreements, underwriting agreements, shareholder agreements or similar types of arrangements. If at any time it is realized that an agreement binds Carlyle and prior approval had not been obtained, contact the Legal Department immediately and they will inform their counterparts at Carlyle and determine the appropriate steps to be taken, such as placing the issuer on a Restricted Securities List or otherwise monitoring activity.”

Non-Solicitation or Non-Hire of Employees

Any provisions that restrict the Firm’s or a product group’s ability to solicit or hire certain individuals should be strongly resisted and may not be agreed to without the express approval from an attorney in the Legal Department. The Firm’s hiring is done on a decentralized basis, and the Firm cannot track these kinds of commitments arising from various product groups unless the Human Resources Department is involved. If the disclosing party insists on either non-solicitation or non-hire of employees as part of the agreement, negotiate to ensure that the restrictions:

 

    are limited to non-solicitation, rather than non-hire, if possible, can only be applied narrowly to the product group involved in the transaction, are limited in time, and include a carve-out for general recruitment (including search firms), circumstances where the employee makes contact by his or her own initiative, and is limited only to those employees with whom the product group has had direct personal contact. The product group is responsible for managing the restriction in its hiring. Notify the Human Resources Department via e-mail of the non-solicitation or non-hire provision, including what product area is bound by the provision and the length of time of the non-solicitation or non-hire.

 

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Non-Compete Provision

A non-compete provision restricts the product group’s ability to compete or to make investments in entities that compete with the proposed investee company. These provisions should be strongly resisted and may not be agreed to without the express approval from an attorney in the Legal Department.

Indemnification

Do not agree to clauses that require the Firm or the product group to indemnify the other party to the contract. If it cannot be avoided, consult with the Legal Department prior to agreeing to an indemnification provision.

Non-Circumvention Provision

A non-circumvention provision is used by a counterparty or broker to limit a product group’s or the Firm’s use of information, contacts or business ideas without the involvement of the counterparty or broker. These provisions should be resisted or narrowly limited and may not be agreed to without the express approval of the Legal Department.

Other Provisions

Investment Committees

Some confidentiality agreements attempt to restrict who can be a recipient of the information. For those groups that have investment committees with non-Firm employees, the language regarding who can be a recipient must be broad enough to cover the members of the committee. This usually can be accomplished by including investment committee members within the definition of “Representative.”

Disclosure to Representatives

Some confidentiality agreements attempt to impose a requirement that any recipient of confidential information needs to execute a confidentiality agreement. This type of provision should be strongly resisted because it creates an administrative burden. Instead, provide that the Firm will be responsible for compliance by anyone who the Firm supplies such confidential information.

 

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Termination

The confidentiality agreement always should terminate on a certain date. If the company is an EDGAR-reporting or publicly traded company, the company will remain on the Firm’s Restricted Securities List for the duration of the term. Keeping the term as short as possible is important.

Destruction of Documents

Some confidentiality agreements have affirmative obligations to destroy documents by certain dates. It is preferable to be required to destroy documents only if requested in writing by the provider of the information. Any affirmative obligation that arises without notice to the product group must be monitored and calendared by the product group. In addition, the Firm must be allowed to retain documents for legal and regulatory purposes and as part of its normal computer archiving system; the Firm cannot agree to destroy every copy (electronic and hard copy) in every location.

Opinions

Try to avoid any requirement to provide the other party with a written opinion of counsel. Instead, request a standard of “advice of counsel.”

Expenses

Avoid provisions that require the product group to pay expenses in the event of a breach of the agreement.

Exclusivity

Try to obtain assurances in the confidentiality agreement that exclusive dealings with the counterparty to the confidentiality agreement are not required and that if approached by another banker or broker about the same issuer, freedom is allowed to explore an alternative transaction.

Use of Confidential Information

 

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Try to avoid language that limits the use of the confidential information to a specific purpose. Knowing early on where the transaction might progress sometimes is difficult, and flexibility is important. Obtaining an affirmation that the confidentiality agreement is not intended to restrict trading in the issuer’s securities is preferable, provided the agreement complies with securities laws.

Governing Law; Jurisdiction

The governing law generally should be New York or California. Before entering into a confidentiality agreement governed by a foreign jurisdiction, outside counsel familiar with the laws of the foreign jurisdiction should be consulted regarding that jurisdiction’s laws. Generally the Firm should not submit to exclusive jurisdiction in foreign countries and only after consultation with counsel.

Executed Confidentiality Agreements

All signed confidentiality agreements should be sent to the Legal Department for processing an Ethical Wall memorandum and/or placing the issuer on the Restricted Securities List, as applicable. If the non-public information is received in advance of the confidentiality agreement, notify the Legal Department so that they can take the appropriate steps to comply with the Firm’s Ethical Wall procedures. The Legal Department will maintain a copy of the confidentiality agreements.

 

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ERISA Considerations in Portfolio Management

For any ERISA Account, additional restrictions will be reflected in the portfolio compliance monitoring system. The relevant attorney in the Legal Department may also advise on ERISA-mandated restrictions.

Some or all of the following restrictions may apply to ERISA accounts:

 

    prohibition against investing in “employer securities” (securities issued by employers sponsoring a plan and their affiliates);

 

    prohibition against trading with certain broker/dealers or other counterparties identified as restricted parties;

 

    prohibition against making any investment decision, including proxy voting, for “socially directed” or any other reasons other than the investment return of the ERISA Account;

 

    indicia of ownership of plan assets to be maintained in the U.S.;

 

    a number of additional restrictions on Affiliated Party Transactions (see Transactions with Affiliates in Trading and Brokerage Policy); and

 

    special rules relating to investing a plan asset account in TCW Funds or other mutual funds advised by TCW, including the avoidance of double charging fee.

Proxy voting rights are an asset of an ERISA plan and voting proxies falls within the scope of TCW’s duties as an investment manager, unless the ERISA plan’s fiduciary appointing TCW has reserved this right to itself or to another fiduciary. When voting proxies on behalf of an ERISA Account, TCW must vote only in the best economic interest of the ERISA Account. ERISA also imposes monitoring and record retention requirements with respect to proxy voting. Portfolio managers must comply with the Proxy Voting section and Proxy Voting Guidelines and Procedures Appendix of this Portfolio Management Policy.

For certain commingled funds, a determination may be made to avoid being subject to ERISAs restrictions by qualifying the fund as a “venture capital operating company” (or VCOC) under ERISA. If that is the case, the portfolio managers will receive guidance from the Legal Department and, as appropriate, outside counsel, regarding how to qualify the fund as a VCOC, which must be done from the fund’s first long-term investment, and how to maintain that qualification on an ongoing basis. In general, VCOC qualification will involve obtaining contractual management rights for some of the fund’s investments and exercising those rights.

 

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Conflicts Of Interest

Overview

If a portfolio manager identifies a potential conflict, the portfolio manager should contact the Legal Department, General Counsel, or Chief Compliance Officer. Remember that ERISA Accounts operate under a higher standard of care – please contact the Legal Department for any ERISA-related issues (particularly relating to transactions with affiliated parties). Distressed investment strategies may also present unique conflict of interest issues, and a discussion of these potential conflicts is found in Appendix A.

What Is A Conflict Of Interest?

A conflict of interest occurs when the Firm’s interests could compete or conflict with the client’s interests. Conflicts of interest that may arise in the portfolio management process include, among others:

 

    transactions with Affiliates (see the Trading and Brokerage Policy);

 

    allocating trades and Cross Trades (see the Trading and Brokerage Policy);

 

    employee trading in securities that also are held in client accounts (see Code of Ethics);

 

    incentive or transaction fee arrangements;

 

    different Accounts investing in different classes of a company’s capital structure and at different times (see Appendix A and the Trading and Brokerage Policy);

 

    counter-directional trades, including where one Account is selling a security that another Account is buying;

 

    take-out transaction by an Account of another;

 

    an Account investing in a Firm-managed commingled investment vehicle (“pyramiding”);

 

    selection of brokers and counterparties (see the Trading and Brokerage Policy);

 

    best execution or use of soft dollars (see the Trading and Brokerage Policy);

 

    information barrier and ethical wall process (see Code of Ethics);

 

    outside employment, political contributions or other business activities (see Code of Ethics); and

 

    any two groups holding potentially adverse positions in securities of a single issuer.

How Are Conflicts Of Interest Managed?

Conflicts of interest are managed by the Firm in several ways, including, but not limited to:

 

    written policies and procedures;

 

    the Approving Officer approval process required to be followed before an employee engages in any outside business activity (See Code of Ethics, “Outside Business Activities”);

 

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    maintenance of the Conflict of Interest (COI) matrix;

 

    training;

 

    certain committees;

 

    the use of information barriers (e.g., Ethical Wall/Informational Barrier) to avoid insider trading and market manipulation risks (See Code of Ethics); and

 

    review by the Legal and/or Compliance Departments of disclosures given to ERISA and other clients regarding potential conflicts, and written procedures in the Code of Ethics (including personal investment transactions, political activities & contributions, gifts and entertainment and confidentiality).

 

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Valuation Procedures

Overview

Valuation methods may include, among others, market quotations from established markets, independent pricing services, third party dealer quotes or portfolio manager valuations.

Pricing Committee

The Firm has a Pricing Committee that is responsible for:

 

    establishing valuation policies and procedures, including for price overrides,

 

    periodically reviewing pricing reports and providing general oversight of the valuation process, and

 

    establishing review parameters for internally priced marketable securities.

The Board of Directors of the TCW Mutual Funds, the Board of Trustees of the MetWest Mutual Funds and TCW Alternative Funds have designated the Pricing Committee to make all necessary determinations of the fair valuation of securities.

The Pricing Committee authorizes certain employees to review and approve price overrides and perform such other actions authorized by the Pricing Committee (each authorized employee, a “Pricing Officer”). The Pricing Committee generally meets quarterly and on an as-needed basis.

The portfolio management group provides information concerning pricing matters to the Pricing Committee and/or a Pricing Officer, whose role is to evaluate the reasonableness of courses of action. Pricing Officer actions are recorded in the designated repository.

The Firm will report to the Board of Directors of the TCW Mutual Funds, the Board of Trustees of the MetWest Mutual Funds and TCW Alternative Funds not less frequently than quarterly any security that has been fair value priced.

Procedures

These valuation procedures apply unless the Firm is required to value investments based on a contract or enunciated procedure that otherwise specifies how to value those investments. Valuation in connection with audited financial statements of an Account or fund is determined in accordance with US GAAP or other method as required and/or specified in the account or fund documents. Specific accounting standards apply to valuation in connection with GAAP-audited financial statements, such as the Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820 (Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures).

 

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    For Market Traded Securities in Accounts and Mutual Funds, values are generally determined as follows:

 

If Recognized Market Price

Readily Available

  

Other Situations

At the current price on the Recognized Market, provided, however, securities listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc., will be valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price, which may not necessarily represent the last sale price. For listed options, mid-price will be used as the primary source for valuation. Mid-price is the average of closing bid and ask prices. In absence of a mid-price (lack of one side of the spread), the last traded price will be used. If an option did not trade, then either bid or ask will be used. For listed futures contracts, they are generally valued at the settlement price established at the close of business each day by the exchange on which they are traded. All other derivatives that are traded over-the-counter are valued using prices obtained from independent pricing services or broker quotes.   

If a Recognized Market price is not readily available or market illiquidity exists, based on prices obtained from independent pricing services or third party broker quotes.

 

Other securities that are traded on over-the-counter markets will be valued at current mid-price using an independent pricing service or as quoted by a leading dealer making a market in the security being valued.

 

Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily available, market illiquidity exists or which cannot be accurately valued by the Account’s administrator within the above referenced pricing procedures must be valued at fair value that is approved in good faith by the Pricing Officer.

 

    For Alternative Strategies, the Firm values investments according to the Valuation Process for Certain Alternative Strategies Appendix B of this policy.

 

    A CDO’s investments normally are not valued to reflect market price, but are carried at values according to governing documents.

Fair Valuation

If a Material Issuer Event or Material Market Event exists that is not reflected in the market pricing otherwise determined, or the portfolio manager believes the value obtained from pricing services and broker quotes is unreliable, Market Traded Securities are valued based on a fair valuation approved by a Pricing Officer.

 

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The portfolio manager for the strategy will promptly provide a Pricing Officer with information necessary to make a proper determination of the fair value of investments or the procedure for making that determination. Based on this information, a Pricing Officer may consider such factors the Pricing Officer deems appropriate to determine fair value.

Record Retention

Records of valuations and backup for those valuations are maintained according to the following:

 

Type of Account

  

Retention Requirement

Marketable Securities

Strategies

  

When valuations are provided to the appropriate back office provider by a third-party pricing service (e.g., pricing service feed), evidence of the source of the valuations is maintained with the accounting records for the Account; and

 

Each portfolio management group that provides valuations to the Firm’s applicable back office provides written evidence of the source of the valuations (e.g., actual broker quotes or third-party pricing service valuations). If not a fair valued or overridden price, the applicable back office is responsible for maintaining records of that evidence. If a fair valued or overridden price, the portfolio management group is responsible for maintaining evidence of source of valuations.

Mutual Funds    The original pricing sources are obtained by the respective administrator of the TCW Mutual Funds, the MetWest Mutual Funds and TCW Alternative Funds and are responsible for maintaining records of the evidence of the price received, except if the price of a security is fair valued or overridden, in which case the Advisor is responsible for maintaining evidence of source of valuations.
Alternative Strategies   

For Market Traded Securities, the applicable portfolio management group provides the applicable back office provider with written evidence of the basis of the valuations. The applicable back office provider is responsible for maintaining records of that evidence, except if the price of a security is fair valued or overridden, in which case the portfolio management group is responsible for providing or maintaining written evidence of the basis of valuations.

 

If not Market Traded Securities, the applicable portfolio management group retains written evidence of the basis of the valuations.

The evidence of the basis of valuations is maintained for the period of time required in the Corporate and Operational Policies with respect to records necessary to backup the calculation of performance information.

 

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Distribution of Research

Overview

The following procedures restrict the distribution of Research by the Firm, whether internally generated by the Firm (“Internal Research”) or received from outside sources (“External Research”). “Research”, for these purposes, may be defined as any written communication (including an electronic communication) that includes an analysis of a security or an issuer and provides information reasonably sufficient upon which to base an investment decision. Research does not include material that only contains broad economic or market analyses (including of market sectors) however, you must comply with any legends or statements in that material limiting use or distribution.

External Distribution

 

External Research    The Firm does not permit the distribution of External Research to clients or third parties.

Internal Research –

Distribution to third parties

  

Stale Research – Research reports that were written or last updated three months or more prior to the date of intended distribution are considered stale research reports (“Stale Research”). Subject to the following requirements, Stale Research may be provided to third parties without prior approval.

 

Requirements for distribution of Stale Research: Prior to distribution of Stale Research, you must notify Communications of your intended use, and provide the name of each intended recipient. Stale Research must also 1) contain the applicable research disclaimer, available from Communications, 2) bear the name of the recipient third party, and 3) include the header “Confidential – Not for Re-Distribution”.

  

Current Research – Research reports which were written or updated less than three months prior to the intended date of distribution are considered current research reports (“Current Research”). Current Research may not be distributed without prior approval. To obtain prior approval Current Research requests must be submitted to the Communications Department for review and approval by Marketing Compliance.

 

At a minimum, Marketing Compliance will request that you confirm the following for Current Research requests: a) the report does not contain recommendations; b) the report does not discuss a security which is currently under active consideration at its current price for

 

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acquisition or sale (other than sales or acquisitions solely for the purpose of portfolio re-balancing, to address redemptions, new fundings, or the like); c) the report does not relate to a current holding of the portfolio for which the recipient is considering an investment; and d) one of the following individuals has approved distribution of the report: the director of equity or fixed income research (as appropriate), applicable portfolio manager, or, if neither of the prior two are available, any senior research officer or portfolio manager. It is important to note that additional information may be requested by Marketing Compliance for purposes of considering a Current Research request.

 

Please note, approval for a Current Research request does not serve as approval for use of the same Current Research at a later time. Subsequent requests must be submitted through the Communications Department, and will be reviewed anew by Marketing Compliance. For such subsequent requests, the requesting party will again be asked to provide, at a minimum, the above confirmations, as well as any other information that Marketing Compliance deems necessary for its review and consideration.

Internal Research –

Distribution to clients

  

Subject to the following requirements, Current and/or Stale Research analysis regarding a client’s existing portfolio may be provided to that client without prior approval.

 

Requirements for distribution of Current or Stale Research to Clients: Prior to distribution of such research, you must notify Communications of your intended use, and provide the name of each intended recipient. Such research must 1) not contain recommendations regarding transactions in securities, 2) and the research must contain the research disclaimer, which can be obtained from Communications. In addition, all such research must bear the name of the recipient client and a header of “Confidential – Not for Re-Distribution”.

 

Note that this policy only applies to the product or strategy in which the client is currently invested, and not to any other products or strategies for which the client is not currently invested (in which case, the client will be treated as a third party for such purposes).

Any questions must be referred to the Marketing Compliance. Anyone providing approval should maintain readily accessible records of the approval.    

 

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Internal Distribution

Subject to the immediate preceding External Distribution discussion above, the Firm’s research, including internally generated research, is proprietary and intended only for the Firm’s own investment management business. Access to the Firm’s central research database is limited to approved individuals, and research reports posted there are required to have a disclaimer disclosing, among other things, the contingent nature of the search report and its limited use. The Director of Equity Research, with the advice of the General Counsel, is responsible for approving individuals allowed to access Internal Research and maintains a list of the individuals approved for access to the central research database.

 

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Proxy Voting

Portfolio managers must comply with the proxy voting requirements set forth in the client’s advisory or sub-advisory agreement, the commingled investment vehicle’s offering documents, or other governing documents. The proxy voting guidelines are attached in Appendix C.

 

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Corporate Actions

The Firm’s policy is intended to respond to corporate actions in a manner which, in the Firm’s view, best serves the interests of its clients in their capacity as shareholders of a company.

TCW’s Back Office, or other applicable group, receives announcements related to the securities in the Firm’s portfolios and sends the information to the TCW product group. The product group evaluates the corporate action announcements and makes any necessary decisions regarding the corporate action to serve the long-term financial interests of the clients. With respect to voluntary corporate actions (e.g., tender offers, rights offerings, dividends elections, conversions, purchase offers, and exchange offers), the Firm has the option to participate, decline to participate or take no action. With respect to mandatory corporate actions (e.g., stock dividends, spin-offs, mergers, name changes, redemptions or calls by an issuer of a security), the Firm is not required to give any instructions.

At least weekly, TCW’s Back Office, or other applicable group, provides a report of each outstanding open corporate action requiring a response from the Firm.

 

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New Product Procedures

Before launching a new product, or making any significant change to an existing product, the product group must notify the Chief Operating Officer, Head of Investment Technology and/or the General Counsel. These officers will seek input from the applicable investment professionals and from operations, compliance, risk, marketing, communications, and other groups within the Firm as appropriate to consider and resolve any issues associated with the proposed new product. The Product Development Working Group will be convened as necessary to support the development and launch of the new product.

Level 1 New Products: If the new product is a follow-on to an existing product without significant changes, the New Product Working Group will review and consider the proposed product and work with applicable groups within the firm to support the launch of the new product, but no formal approval is required.

Level 2 New Products: If the new product is a follow-on to an existing product with significant changes, then in addition to the review required for Level 1 New Products, the unanimous approval of the Chief Operating Officer, General Counsel, Head of Investment Technology, head of the applicable marketing group, and head of the product group is required.

Level 3 New Products: If the new product is a completely new product, then the review and approval required for Level 2 New Products is required, and in addition the approval of the CEO is required.

Mutual Funds: If the new product is a mutual fund, then the applicable Level 1, 2 or 3 New Products review is required, and in addition the approval of the mutual fund Board of Directors is required.

 

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Formation of New Entities

From time to time a need arises to set up a new entity in connection with forming a commingled investment vehicle or in connection with a particular investment. Creation of new entities entails both initial structuring issues as well as ongoing administrative burdens, including compliance, entity governance procedures, state and regulatory filings, tax compliance, entity-level accounting and consolidation issues.

Therefore, prior to creating a new entity (whether instigated by outside counsel or the product group), contact the Legal Department to obtain guidance on the entity formation and administration process.

Once a new entity is formed, the product group should make sure that the Legal Department, Tax Director, CFR, and Corporate Finance all have copies of the formation documents.

 

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Custody

General Rule

Safeguarding client assets is of the utmost importance to the Firm and its clients. When the Firm has custody or possession of clients’ securities or funds, it will protect and safeguard the clients’ assets.

What Is Custody?

The Firm generally has custody when it:

 

    has possession of client funds or securities, or

 

    has the right to direct the client’s securities or funds in any manner.

Registered Advisors - Special Requirements

Each TCW Advisor is subject to a special rule governing custody of client securities and funds that creates special situations in which the TCW Advisors are considered to have custody of the client funds and securities.

 

Circumstance

  

Custody

The TCW Adviser has possession of client funds and securities    Yes
The TCW Adviser or an Affiliate is the custodian of an account or fund managed by the adviser.    Yes
The TCW Adviser can withdraw client funds or securities directly from the client’s account    Yes
The TCW Adviser or an Affiliate is the general partner of a limited partnership, the trustee of a trust, or the managing member of a limited liability company managed by the adviser    Yes
The TCW Adviser has possession of checks drawn by clients but made payable to third-parties    No
The TCW Adviser inadvertently has possession of client funds or securities, and returns them to the sender (not the client or the client’s custodian) within 3 business days of receiving them    No
The TCW Adviser by possession of client property other than funds or securities    No
The TCW Adviser only has authority to direct the custodian to make payment versus delivery of securities or cash from the client account    No
The Account is a TCW Mutual Fund or other RIC.    No

 

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The determination of whether the Firm has custody of client funds or securities and what legal requirements apply is complex and should be referred to the Legal Department.

CUSTODIAN REQUIRED

In addition, a TCW Advisor is prohibited from having actual physical possession of client funds or securities, with limited exceptions.

 

    the client’s funds and securities for all accounts and funds must be maintained with a Qualified Custodian,

 

    the TCW Adviser has special notification duties if it opens an account with a custodian on behalf of the client, and

 

    If the TCW Adviser has custody under the SEC rule, it must have a reasonable basis to believe that the client is receiving at least a quarterly a statement specifying all transactions during the period in the Account, and the amount of funds and each security in the Account at the end of the period.

SPECIAL AUDIT (“SURPRISE AUDIT”)

An independent public accountant meeting certain standards must verify the funds and securities by a “surprise audit” each year in compliance with the Advisers Act rules for each Account for which the TCW Adviser has custody, unless one the following exceptions apply:

 

    the Account is a managed commingled fund, and it has audited GAAP financial statements prepared by qualified accountants that are distributed to all limited partners, members and beneficial owners within 120 days of the end of the fund fiscal year, and promptly following liquidation , or

 

    The TCW Adviser has custody solely because it has the authority to make withdrawals from the Account to pay the advisory fee, or

 

    The TCW Adviser has custody solely because a related person is the custodian, if the TCW Adviser determines and documents that the related person is “operationally independent”.

For each Account for which a related person is the custodian, the TCW Adviser must obtain annually a written internal control report prepared by an independent public accountant meeting the requirements of the SEC’s rule.

Account Opening and Annual Review Procedures

During the account opening process for a new Account, the attorney in the Legal Department responsible for a new account or fund will:

 

    determine if the TCW Advisor has custody and notify the attorney in the Legal Department assigned to prepare the surprise audit list of any such Accounts, and

 

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    if the TCW Advisor opens a custodial Account, ensure that the required client notification is given as part of the contract process.

On an annual basis, the attorney in the Legal Department assigned responsibility for developing the surprise audit list will:

 

    identify the Accounts subject to surprise audit and provide that information to Corporate Finance and CFR,

 

    follow-up with the independent public accountants conducting surprise audits for verification that they have made required filings with the SEC and for copies of those filings,

 

    confirm, with assistance from CFR, Investment Operations, Corporate Finance Department and portfolio managers, as necessary, that the Firm Advisors verify that the qualified custodians are meeting the custody statement requirements for Accounts for which the TCW Advisors have custody.

 

    Obtain any required written internal control report for related party custodians, and

 

    Prepare annually any required memorandum documenting that a related party custodian is operationally independent.

Firm Handling of Physical Securities

There may be rare instances in which the Firm may need to receive the physical securities on behalf of a client, generally in connection with alternative investments. A product group that expects that it may need to receive such securities should contact the Legal Department for review prior to receiving the securities. In most instances, securities can be delivered by clients and third parties, such as law firms handling closings, directly to the client custodian without the Firm first receiving the securities.

 

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Class Actions

From time to time, Firm clients and former clients own or have owned securities that are the subject of class action lawsuits. Generally, holders of securities within a given class period are entitled to participate in the recovery or settlement in a class action lawsuit by filing a Proof of Claim. All class members normally are bound by a court-approved settlement or judgment in a class action unless they have filed a timely Opt Out notice with the court or claims administrator.

The Firm views filing of Proofs of Claim in class actions as a corporate action that normally is to be performed by the custodian for the client or fund. In addition, the decision to file an Opt Out notice is an individual decision to be made by the client or fund.

Normally, custodians will receive notices of rights to participate in, or opt out of class action settlements. The Firm may also receive such notices from time to time. The Firm’s actions and responsibilities with respect to class action matters will depend on the role of the Firm with respect to the client or fund.

Desktop procedures concerning the class action process can be obtained from the Class Action Contacts.

Investment Advisory Accounts

Third Party Custodians

For Investment Advisory Accounts, the Firm:

 

    does not have responsibility for filing notices regarding Opt Out rights and Proofs of Claim on behalf of the Investment Advisory Account, and

 

    may, however, notify the Investment Advisory Account’s third party custodian, and the Client, as necessary, of any Opt Out Notice or Proof of Claim received by the Firm from the claims administrator or the court that is addressed to the Investment Advisory Account at the Firm’s address.

TCW/BNY Mellon Custodial Accounts

For TCW/BNY Mellon Custodial Accounts:

 

    The Firm will distribute to its clients and funds notices regarding Opt Out rights relating to those clients and funds to the extent TCW receives written notice of such rights.

 

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    The Firm has given BNY Mellon a standing instruction to file Proofs of Claim on behalf of TCW/BNY Mellon Custodial Accounts except where the account holder notifies the Firm of the exercise of its Opt Out right.

Commingled Funds & TCW Mutual Funds

For Commingled Funds & TCW Mutual Funds, if the Firm receives written notice of the right to participate in or opt out of, a class action, the Firm’s Class Action Contacts will:

 

    notify the product group of the class action timing and filing requirements for a Proof of Claim to make the determination whether to exercise Opt Out rights relating to those Funds.

 

    the class action contact for the applicable Funds will coordinate with the product group and/or custodian to ensure that the Proofs of Claim for the Funds are filed unless the Fund has elected to opt out of the class.

 

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Reporting Of Holdings

Quarterly Holdings Report On Form 13F

As required by regulation, the Firm reports holdings of securities for which it or one or its direct or indirect subsidiaries has voting and/or investment discretion. The Firm or one of its Affiliates, as applicable, will file with the SEC a quarterly reporti within 45 days of the end of each calendar quarter, provided the Firm has investment discretion over securities with an aggregate fair market value of at least $100 million. The report requires the Firm to specify all Section 13F Securities for which the Firm exercises voting authority and/or investment discretion.

5% Holdings Report Under Schedules 13G And 13D

As required by regulation, the Firm or one of its Affiliates, as applicable, will file a report with the SEC when it directly or indirectly acquires beneficial ownership of more than 5% of any voting equity security:

 

    of a class that is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, of an insurance company that would have been required to be registered absent the exemption, issued by closed-end registered investment company, or issued by a Native Corporation pursuant to Section 37(d) (6) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act.

The regulations contain a number of specific rules on the timing of filing reports and amendments thereto. For purposes of filing reports under Section 13, the Firm aggregates the holdings of securities by all of its advisory Affiliates. In most cases, the Firm is eligible to file its Section 13 Reports using Schedule 13G because the Firm is a registered investment adviser, and the Firm does not have the purpose or effect of changing or influencing control of the issuer. If a portfolio group within the Firm manages or has the right to vote 5% or more of the voting securities of an issuer and has the purpose or intent of changing or influencing control over an issuer, such portfolio group should contact the Legal Department immediately to determine whether a more extensive Section 13D Report should be filed. Generally, when the Firm collectively manages 20% or more of the voting equity securities of an issuer, the Firm will examine whether the Firm continues to be a passive investor and does not have the purpose or intent of changing or influencing control over the issuer.

Section 13H Filings (Large Trader Reporting)

As required by regulation, the Firm has acquired a large trader identification number under Rule 13h-1 of the Exchange Act. As a large trader, the Firm must submit an annual filing within 45 days after the end of each full calendar year, reporting the Firm’s list of broker-dealers. Additionally, the Firm must file an amended filing promptly following the end of each calendar quarter in which any of the previously reported information becomes stale.

 

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Section 16 Filings

Each of the following must file with the SEC statements of transactions in Reportable Securities: direct or indirect beneficial owner of more than 10% of any class of Reportable Security, director of an issuer of Reportable Securities, and executive officers of an issuer of Reportable Securities.

For filings relating to the Firm’s investment activities, the Firm generally relies on an exemption from the filing requirements for certain institutions, including registered investment advisers, provided that the shares are not acquired with the purpose or effect of changing or influencing control.ii This exemption eliminates most of the Section 16 filings that would otherwise be required to be filed by the Firm. A few cases exist where the Firm’s portfolio managers have notified the Legal Department of an intent or desire to exercise control over an issuer and, in those few cases, the Legal Department coordinates with outside counsel to prepare any required Section 16 reports.

See the Registered Investment Company Policies for information concerning the filing requirements of directors and officers of TSI. Employees of the Firm are responsible for any filings relating to their personal investing and/or director/officer positions held in a personal capacity.

Industry Holdings

Certain federal and state laws impose investment limits with respect to the acquisition and ownership of securities of certain regulated issuers. Acquiring a certain threshold amount of issuers in certain industries triggers a reporting and/or approval process. The trigger thresholds vary by industry, and the calculation of holdings also varies (i.e., whether the Firm’s holdings are aggregated). Failure to comply with the filing and/or approval requirements could result in the inability to vote shares, limits on the sale of shares, disgorgement of profits from trading (if control of an issuer is sought), or more frequent and burdensome disclosure. If you have any questions regarding specific industry, state or federal limitations, please contact Investment Compliance.

Foreign Holdings

Most securities regulators in foreign jurisdictions impose notification requirements if an entity holds more than a certain threshold amount of an issuer’s securities (generally 5% but as low as 3%). Each countries’ requirements regarding calculation of holdings also varies (i.e., whether the Firms holdings are aggregated), and filing requirements vary greatly. Contact the Legal Department to discuss filing and/or approval requirements.

 

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Equity Investments in Banks or Bank Holding Companies

Strategies that make equity investments in banks or bank holding companies (collectively, “banking organizations”) are subject to certain regulatory restrictions under the Change in Bank Control Act and the Statement of Policy issued by the Federal Reserve (the “Regulations”).iii These restrictions generally apply to entities that own 10% or more of any class of voting securities of a banking organization. Large minority investors in banking organizations typically have avoided acquiring a controlling influence over the banking organization under the Regulations by adhering to certain passivity commitments and by avoiding certain control-enhancing mechanisms.

Investment Compliance shall monitor investments in banking organizations to ensure compliance with the Regulations. In each instance where ownership of any class of voting securities of a banking organization approaches 10%, Investment Compliance will notify the Legal Department, who shall verify compliance with the Regulations.

 

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Record Retention

See the Corporate and Operational Policies for record retention rules.

 

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Glossary

#                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

40 Act - Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

A                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Account - A separate account and/or a commingled fund (e.g., limited partnership, trust, mutual fund, REIT, and CBO/CDO/ CLO).

Advisers Act - Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.

Affiliate - Includes (i) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Firm,iv or (ii) in the case of TCW Mutual Funds, MetWest Funds or RICs, a 5% ownership interest in an entity by a TCW Mutual Fund or MetWest Fund.

Affiliated Party Transaction - A transaction between Affiliates.

B                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

BNY Mellon - The Bank of New York Mellon, the entity to which the Firm has outsourced client accounting and related operations for all Accounts other than the Firm’s proprietary mutual funds and wrap accounts.

C                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

CBO - Collateralized bond obligation.

CDO - Collateralized debt obligation. A security backed by a pool of bonds, loans, and other assets.

CEA - Commodity Exchange Act.

CFR - Client & Fund Reporting, the Firm department responsible for operational and accounting activities.

Class Action Contacts - Investment Operations for the Fixed Income Group. Client Services for all other strategies.

CLO - Collateralized loan obligation.

 

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Compliance System - The third-party automated compliance system utilized by the Compliance Department and Investment Compliance.

Cross Trade - Any purchase or sale of securities by or from any Account to another Account.

Custody - When an advisor has direct or indirect access to client assets.

D                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Director of Equity Research – Shall be the person designated as Director of Equity Research at TCW.

E                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

ERISA - Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, that was created to protect the interests of participants in private pension, health, life and other employee benefit plans.

Ethical Wall or Informational Barrier - The conscientious use of a combination of trading restrictions and information barriers designed to confine material non-public information to a given individual, group or department.

Exchange Act - Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

F                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Firm or TCW - The TCW Group of companies.

Foreign Official - Includes (i) government officials, (ii) political party leaders, (iii) candidates for office, (iv) employees of state-owned enterprises (such as state-owned banks or pension plans), and (v) relatives or agents of a Foreign Official if a payment is made to such relative or agent of a Foreign Official with the knowledge or intent that it ultimately would benefit the Foreign Official.

H                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Hedge Fund or TCW Hedge Fund - A fund or Account that has an opportunistic trading strategy, or an active trading strategy that is not a long-only strategy.

I                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

 

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Investment Advisory Accounts - Separate account clients where the Firm’s role with respect to a client is investment adviser and where the client or fund has a third party custodian (e.g., separate accounts with their own custodian, wrap accounts, and mini-institutional accounts). For this purpose, sub-advised mutual funds or other sub-advised funds will be treated as a separate account.

Investment Compliance - The support group for certain trading areas that, among others, checks proposed trades and open trades against investment restrictions.

M                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Market Traded Securities - Securities that are listed on a recognized exchange or traded on a recognized over-the-counter market.

Material Issuer Event - An event relating to a single issue in a market sector such as an announcement of a regulatory event or the security stops trading or if an issuer’s security price is stale.

Material Market Events - Includes natural disasters, armed conflicts, governmental actions, devaluation, sovereign debt default, or other macro developments affecting the securities markets.

MetWest – Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, a U.S. federally registered advisor and direct subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc.

MetWest Mutual Funds – Metropolitan West Funds, each of its series, and any other proprietary, registered, open-end investment companies (mutual funds) advised by MetWest.

Most Favored Nation - A contractual commitment to a client not to enter into a more favorable arrangement in the future with another client without offering that arrangement to the existing client.

Mutual Fund Administrator - The outside administrator retained by each TCW Mutual Fund.

Mutual Funds - The TCW Mutual Funds and the MetWest Mutual Funds.

N                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Negotiated transactions - Privately negotiated transactions that a portfolio manager negotiates or in which the portfolio manager agrees to participate.

O                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

OFAC - Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

 

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P                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

PAG - Portfolio Analytics Group.

Physical Securities - Securities other than those that are transacted through Depository Trust Company or the Federal Reserve Bank.

Plan assets - Assets that are, or are treated under ERISA as being, assets of an ERISA plan.

Portfolio Management Policy - This Portfolio Management Policy.

Pricing Officer - Certain employees authorized by the Pricing Committee to review and approve price overrides and such other actions authorized by the Pricing Committee.

Q                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Qualified Custodian - Includes (i) a banking institution organized under the laws of the U.S., (ii) a member bank of the Federal Reserve System, (iii) any other bank or trust company doing business under the laws of any state, a substantial portion of the business of which consists of receiving deposits or exercising fiduciary powers similar to national banks and which is supervised and examined by a state or federal authority having supervisory authority over banks and which is not operated to evade the provisions of the Advisers Act, (iv) a savings association that has deposits insured by the FDIC, (v) a registered broker-dealer, (vi) a futures commission merchant registered under the CEA (but only for client funds, security futures, and incidental securities), and (vii) a foreign financial institution that customarily holds financial assets for its customers, provided it keeps advisory client’s assets in a customer account segregated from its proprietary assets.

R                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Recognized Market - A recognized exchange or a recognized over-the-counter market.

REIT Real estate investment trust.

Reportable Security - Any class of any equity security (other than an exempted security) that is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.

Restricted Securities List - A list of the securities for which the Firm is generally limited firm-wide from engaging in transactions.

RIC - A registered investment company, such as TCW Funds, Inc., TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. and Metropolitan West Funds.

 

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S                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission.

Section 13F Securities - Equity securities of a class that are admitted to trading on a national securities exchange or quoted on the automated quotation system of a registered securities association.

T                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

TAMCO - TCW Asset Management Company LLC, a U.S. registered investment advisor and direct subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc.

TCW Advisor - Includes TAMCO, TIMCO, MetWest and any other U.S. federally-registered advisors directly or indirectly controlled by The TCW Group, Inc.

TCW Alternative Funds or TAF – TCW Alternative Funds, including each of its series.

TCW/BNY Mellon Custodial Accounts - Separate account clients for which the Firm (through BNY Mellon or another Firm-selected custodian) acts as custodian.

TCW Funds - TCW Funds, Inc., each of its series, and any other proprietary, registered, open-end investment companies (mutual funds) advised by TIMCO.

TCW Mutual Funds - Collectively, the TCW Funds, MetWest Mutual Funds, TCW Alternative Funds and TSI and any other registered investment company advised by TIMCO, MetWest or any other affiliate, unless otherwise indicated.

TCW’s Back Office - Investment Operations for the Fixed Income Group and Equities; BNY Mellon for most Alternatives strategies.

TIMCO - TCW Investment Management Company LLC, a U.S. registered investment advisor and direct subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc.

TSI - TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc., a registered, closed-end investment company advised by TIMCO.

 

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Appendix A

Conflicts of Interest Policy concerning Distressed Strategies

Buying into Distressed Companies

A potential conflict arises when two or more Accounts make different types of investment (for example, debt and equity, or senior and subordinated debt) in an entity is either “distressed” or is expected to become distressed (a “Distressed Entity”), such that interests of the different Accounts may not necessarily be parallel. A member of the Legal and/or Compliance teams should be consulted for questions concerning potential conflicts of interests associated with distressed investing, particularly investments through a refinancing, restructuring, bridge loan, or other type of non-freely-trading investment.

Determining whether an entity is “distressed” is not always obvious, but some factors that may be indicative include:

 

    significant rating agency downgrades (including cumulatively) or inclusion in rating agency “watch lists,”

 

    designation of an issuer’s credit as being on a “watch list” by a portfolio group,

 

    inability of an issuer to meet all of its payment obligations,

 

    notice of default or potential default on credit agreements that are not cured within permitted time limits,

 

    formation of creditors’ groups or committees,

 

    any filing (voluntary or involuntary, by a creditor or the issuer) under federal, state or other laws relating to bankruptcy, reorganization restructuring, liquidation, receivership, insolvency, or similar laws. An entity also would generally be considered distressed before any filing if a likelihood existed of the above occurring,

 

    an entity that is about to emerge from, or has recently emerged from, bankruptcy,

 

    any proposal by an entity for a voluntary or out-of-court reorganization or restructuring of its capital structure resulting from financial pressures or inability to meet its obligations as they become due,

 

    substantial judgments and/or fines are assessed against an issuer, which the issuer may be unable to pay, and

 

    significant reductions in market price of the issuer’s equity or debt.

This list is not exhaustive, and other factors may provide indications of distress.

It is difficult to quantify what is “distressed” given changes in market conditions. Portfolio Managers should consult with the Legal Department if there is a question about whether a company is a Distressed Entity.

 

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Buying the Same Class of Securities

One portfolio group managing securities in a Distressed Entity and another portfolio group also buying or selling the same class of securities generally should not create a conflict and, does not require any prior approval or consideration by a member of the Legal or Compliance departments, unless the security or issuer is listed on the Restricted Securities List. If after two different groups at the Firm make investments, an actual conflict arises between the two groups, the matter should be brought immediately to the attention of the General Counsel or CCO, or their respective designees.

Buying a Different Tranche in the Capital Structure

Purchases of different tranches of Distressed Entity securities by different groups or by the same group but for different Accounts at the Firm may present a potential conflict issue.

In the event a portfolio management group is managing an Account wishes to invest in a Distressed Entity in a non-trading transaction (i.e., refinancing, restructuring, bridge loan, etc.), and another Account managed by another portfolio management group has invested in a different class or tranche of securities of the same Distressed Entity, the Legal or Compliance Department should be consulted prior to making the non-trading investment, to make sure that the investment decision-making process being followed by each portfolio management group remains independent from one another. In addition, each portfolio management group should document their investment rationale as part of the decision-making process.

ERISA Accounts

Conflicts may also arise when dealing with ERISA Accounts, and the Legal Department should be consulted prior to investment for any ERISA specific issues.

 

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Appendix B

Valuation Process for Certain Alternative Strategies

TCW/Direct Lending

For TCW/Direct Lending, the Firm values investments according to the Valuation Process found in the TCW/Direct Lending LLC Policies.

TCW Distressed

As a general matter, funds and accounts managed by the TCW Distressed Group are valued on a monthly basis, and/or whenever required. These funds and accounts value investments based on public market prices or quotes for securities for which such information is available.

The valuation process for investments whose market prices are not otherwise readily available is a multi-step process. First, the portfolio manager shall review and determine the value of such investments, taking into account intrinsic characteristics of the asset and market considerations.

An external, independent valuation firm will also value the investments and will provide a valuation range for each investment on a quarterly basis. Based on these inputs and subject to a review of the external, independent valuation firm’s range and related documentation, valuation of the investments are determined by the portfolio management team utilizing the midpoint of range provided.

All relevant factors should generally be considered in determining fair value including, without limitation, any of the following factors as may be deemed relevant: current financial position and current and historical operating results of the issuer; potential changes in outlook of the issuer and/or markets; sales prices of recent public or private transactions in the same or similar securities, including transactions on any securities exchange on which such securities are listed or in the over-the-counter market; general level of interest rates; recent trading volume of the security; restrictions on transfer including rights, if any, to require registration of securities by the issuer under the securities laws; any liquidation preference or other special feature or term of the security; significant recent events affecting the investment, including any pending private placement, public offering, merger, or acquisition; the price paid to acquire the asset; performance of the asset relative to expectations; the percentage of the issuer’s outstanding securities that is owned and all other factors affecting value.

 

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Appendix C

Proxy Voting Guidelines and Procedures

Introduction

Certain affiliates of The TCW Group, Inc. (these affiliates are collectively referred to as “TCW”) act as investment advisors for a variety of clients, including mutual funds. If TCW has responsibility for voting proxies in connection with these investment advisory duties, or has the responsibility to specify to an agent of the client how to vote the proxies, TCW exercises such voting responsibilities for its clients through the corporate proxy voting process. TCW believes that the right to vote proxies is a significant asset of its clients’ holdings. In order to carry out its fiduciary responsibilities in the voting of proxies for its clients, TCW has established a proxy voting committee (the “Proxy Committee”) and adopted these proxy voting guidelines and procedures (the “Guidelines”).

Where TCW has retained the services of a Sub-adviser to provide day-to-day portfolio management for the portfolio, the Adviser may delegate proxy voting authority to the Sub-Adviser; provided that the Sub-Adviser either (1) follows the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures; or (2) has demonstrated that its proxy voting policies and procedures (“Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures”) are in the best interests of the Adviser’s clients and appear to comply with governing regulations. TCW also shall be provided the opportunity to review a Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures as deemed necessary or appropriate by TCW. Consistent with its fiduciary obligations, the Adviser will be responsible for periodically verifying the Sub-Adviser’s implementation of its proxy voting policy with respect to the TCW-managed portfolio.

The Proxy Committee generally meets quarterly (or at such other frequency as determined by the Proxy Committee), and its duties include establishing proxy voting guidelines and procedures, overseeing the internal proxy voting process, and reviewing proxy voting issues. The members of the Proxy Committee include TCW personnel from the investment, compliance, legal and marketing departments. TCW also uses outside proxy voting services (each an “Outside Service”) to help manage the proxy voting process. An Outside Service facilitates TCW’s voting according to the Guidelines (or, if applicable, according to guidelines submitted by TCW’s clients) and helps maintain TCW’s proxy voting records. In the event of a conflict between contractual requirements and the Guidelines, TCW will vote in accordance with its contractual obligations. All proxy voting and record keeping by TCW is, of course, dependent on the timely provision of proxy ballots by custodians, clients and other third parties. Under specified circumstances described below involving potential conflicts of interest, an Outside Service may also be requested to help decide certain proxy votes. In those instances, the Proxy Committee shall review and evaluate the voting recommendations of such Outside Service to ensure that recommendations are consistent with TCW’s clients’ best interests. In the event that TCW inadvertently receives any proxy materials on behalf of a client that has retained proxy voting responsibility, and where it is reasonably feasible for TCW to determine the identity of the client, TCW will promptly forward such materials to the client.

 

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As a matter of firm policy, TCW does not disclose to unaffiliated third parties how it expects to vote on upcoming proxies and does not disclose the way it voted proxies without a legitimate need to know such information.

Philosophy

When voting proxies, TCWs utmost concern is that all decisions be made solely in the interests of the client and with the goal of maximizing the value of the client’s investments. Generally, proposals will be voted in accordance with the Guidelines and any applicable guidelines provided by TCWs clients. TCWs underlying philosophy, however, is that its portfolio managers, who are primarily responsible for evaluating the individual holdings of TCWs clients, are best able to determine how to further client interests and goals. The portfolio managers may, in their discretion, take into account the recommendations of TCW management, the Proxy Committee, and an Outside Service.

Proxy Voting Overrides

Individual portfolio managers, in the exercise of their best judgment and discretion, may from time to time override the Guidelines and vote proxies in a manner that they believe will enhance the economic value of clients’ assets, keeping in mind the best interests of the beneficial owners. A portfolio manager choosing to abstain on a vote or override the Guidelines must deliver a written rationale for each such decision to TCW’s Proxy Specialist (the “Proxy Specialist”), who will maintain such documentation in TCW’s proxy voting records and deliver a quarterly report to the Proxy Committee of all votes cast other than in accordance with the Guidelines. If the Proxy Specialist believes there is a question regarding a portfolio manager’s vote, he/she will liaise with the portfolio manager as necessary to clarify the rationale. If the Proxy Specialist is unable to resolve the question to their satisfaction after liaising with the relevant portfolio manager, TCW’s Director of Research (the “Director of Research”) will review the portfolio manager’s vote and make a determination. If the Director of Research believes it appropriate, he/she may elect to convene the Proxy Committee for its independent consideration as to how the vote should be cast.

Conflicts of Interest

In the event a potential conflict of interest arises in the context of voting proxies for TCW’s clients, the primary means by which TCW will avoid a conflict is by casting such votes solely according to the Guidelines and any applicable guidelines provided by TCW’s clients, as outlined below. If a potential conflict of interest arises and there is no predetermined vote, or the Guidelines (or any applicable TCW client guidelines) themselves refer such vote to the portfolio manager for decision, or the portfolio manager would like to override a predetermined vote, then TCW will undertake the following analysis:

 

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    Where the issuer soliciting proxy votes is itself a client of TCW’s (or because an affiliate of such issuer, such as a pension or profit sharing plan sponsored by such issuer, is a client of TCW’s), then the Proxy Specialist will determine whether such relationship may be deemed not to be material to TCW based on the level of assets under management and other relevant facts and circumstances and will submit his/her analysis to the Proxy Committee for its approval. Where the relationship is deemed material, TCW will refrain completely from exercising its discretion with respect to voting the proxy with respect to such vote and will, instead, refer that vote to an Outside Service for its independent consideration as to how the vote should be cast.

 

    Where an employee of TCW sits on the board of a public company, the Proxy Specialist will determine whether such board member is the portfolio manager for the account holding the security, or whether the board member has spoken with the portfolio managers for the account holding the security. If either the particular board member is the portfolio manager or there has been communication concerning such proxy vote between the portfolio manager and the particular board member, then the Proxy Specialist will provide the Proxy Committee with the facts and vote rationale so that it can determine and vote the securities.

 

    When the issuer is a key vendor or broker of TCW, the Proxy Specialist will determine if the portfolio manager for the account(s) holding the security has spoken with the key vendor or broker about the upcoming proxy vote. If there has been communication concerning the proxy vote between the portfolio manager and the key vendor or broker, the relationship will be deemed material. The Proxy Specialist will provide the Proxy Committee with the relevant facts and the Proxy Committee will vote the proxy.

 

    Where the issuer is a known affiliate of TCW, TCW will refrain completely from exercising its discretion with respect to voting the proxy with respect to such a vote and will, instead, refer that vote to an Outside Service for its independent consideration as to how the vote should be cast.

 

    Where any other portfolio manager conflict is identified with respect to a given proxy vote, the Proxy Committee will remove such vote from the conflicted portfolio manager and will itself consider and cast the vote.

Proxy Voting Information and Recordkeeping

Upon request to the Proxy Specialist, TCW provides proxy voting records to its clients. These records state how votes were cast on behalf of client accounts, whether a particular matter was proposed by the company or a shareholder, and whether or not TCW voted in line with management recommendations.

TCW or an Outside Service will keep records of the following items: (i) these Proxy Voting Guidelines and any other proxy voting procedures; (ii) proxy statements received regarding client securities (unless such statements are available on the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system); (iii) records of votes cast on behalf of clients (if maintained by an Outside Service, that Outside Service will provide copies of those records promptly upon

 

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request); (iv) records of written requests for proxy voting information and TCW’s response (whether a client’s request was oral or in writing); and (v) any documents prepared by TCW that were material to making a decision how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for the decision, including proxy overrides delivered to the Proxy Specialist and decisions of the Proxy Committee. Additionally, TCW or an Outside Service will maintain any documentation related to an identified material conflict of interest.

TCW or an Outside Service will maintain these records in an easily accessible place for at least five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record. For the most recent two years, TCW or an Outside Service will store such records at its principal office.

International Proxy Voting

While TCW utilizes these Proxy Voting Guidelines for both international and domestic portfolios and clients, there are some significant differences between voting U.S. company proxies and voting non-U.S. company proxies. For U.S. companies, it is relatively easy to vote proxies, as the proxies are automatically received and may be voted by mail or electronically.

For proxies of non-U.S. companies, although it is typically both difficult and costly to vote proxies, TCW will make every reasonable effort to vote such proxies.

Guidelines

The proxy voting decisions set forth below refer to proposals by company management except for the categories of “Shareholder Proposals” and “Social Issue Proposals.” The voting decisions in these latter two categories refer to proposals by outside shareholders.

Governance

 

    For director and management nominees in uncontested elections

 

    For management nominees in contested elections

 

    For ratifying auditors, except against if the previous auditor was dismissed because of a disagreement with the company or if the non-audit services exceed 51% of fees

 

    For routine management proposals

 

    For amendments to the company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, except against if an amendment would have the effect of reducing shareholders’ rights

Capital Structure

 

    For reasonable changes in authorized common stock

 

    For the issuance of common stock or preferred stock, except against if the shares have voting rights superior to those of other common or preferred shareholders, as applicable

 

    For approving the issuance or exercise of stock warrants

 

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    For authorizing preferred stock and making reasonable changes to authorized preferred stock, except against if the board has unlimited rights to set the terms and conditions of the shares

 

    For amending or canceling a class or series of preferred stock

 

    Against authorizing and for eliminating or amending dual or multiple classes of common stock

 

    For a stock repurchase program

 

    For a stock split

 

    For a reverse stock split, except against if the company does not intend to proportionally reduce the number of authorized shares

Mergers and Restructuring

 

    For mergers and restructurings, including recapitalization, bankruptcy restructurings, liquidations, reincorporating in a different state, leveraged buyout of the company, spinning off certain company operations or divisions, the sale of assets

 

    Case-by-case on cumulative voting

Board of Directors

 

    For limiting the liability of directors

 

    For setting the board size

 

    For allowing the directors to fill vacancies on the board without shareholder approval

 

    Against giving the board the authority to set the size of the board as needed without shareholder approval

 

    For a proposal regarding the removal of directors, except against if the proposal limits the removal of directors to cases where there is legal cause

Anti-Takeover Provisions

 

    Against the concept of a classified board

 

    Against the concept of a shareholder rights plan (poison pill)

 

    Against eliminating or limiting shareholders’ right to call a special meeting

 

    For restoring shareholders’ right to call a special meeting

 

    Against eliminating or limiting shareholders’ right to act by written consent

 

    For restoring shareholders’ right to act by written consent

 

    Against establishing or maintaining a supermajority vote provision to (i) approve a merger or other business combination, (ii) change certain bylaw or charter provisions

 

    Against expanding or clarifying the authority of the board of directors to consider factors other than the interests of shareholders in assessing a takeover bid

 

    Against fair price provisions

 

    For limiting the payment of greenmail

 

    Against adopting advance notice requirements

 

    Against opting into a state takeover statutory provision

 

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Compensation

 

    In favor of reasonable compensation and bonus plans proposed by management, including one-time stock options and deferred compensation plans

 

    For adopting, amending or adding shares to a stock incentive, purchase or award plan for employees and non-employee directors, provided that outstanding common stock is not overly diluted

 

    For limiting per-employee option awards

 

    For extending the term of a stock incentive plan for employees

 

    Refer on assuming stock incentive plans

 

    With management on “say on pay” proposals

Shareholder Proposals

 

    For requiring shareholder ratification of auditors

 

    Against requiring the auditors to attend the annual meeting

 

    Against limiting consulting by auditors

 

    Against requiring the rotation of auditors

 

    Against restoring preemptive rights

 

    For asking the company to study sales, spin-offs, or other strategic alternatives

 

    For asking the board to adopt confidential voting and independent tabulation of the proxy ballots

 

    Against asking the company to refrain from counting abstentions and broker non-votes in vote tabulations

 

    Against eliminating the company’s discretion to vote unmarked proxy ballots.

 

    For providing equal access to the proxy materials for shareholders

 

    Against making changes to board or chairman election, composition or eligibility requirements

 

    Against changing the annual meeting location or date

 

    For increasing disclosure regarding the board’s role in the development and monitoring of the company’s long-term strategic plan

 

    Against urging the creation of a shareholder committee

 

    Case-by-case on adopting cumulative voting

 

    Against making directors liable for acts or omissions that constitute a breach of fiduciary care resulting from a director’s gross negligence and/or reckless or willful neglect

 

    For repealing a classified board

 

    Against asking the board to redeem or to allow shareholders to vote on a poison pill shareholder rights plan

 

    Against supermajority provisions

 

    Against repealing fair price provisions

 

    For restoring shareholders’ right to call a special meeting or act by written consent

 

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    For limiting the board’s discretion to issue targeted share placements or requiring shareholder approval before such block placements can be made

 

    For seeking to force the company to opt out of a state takeover statutory provision

 

    Against reincorporating the company in another state

 

    For limiting greenmail payments

 

    Against restricting executive or director compensation, but for reasonable enhanced disclosure of executive compensation

 

    For banning or calling for a shareholder vote on future golden parachutes

 

    Against seeking to award performance-based stock options

 

    Against establishing a policy of expensing the costs of all future stock options issued by the company in the company’s annual income statement

 

    Against requesting that future executive compensation be determined without regard to any pension fund income

 

    Against approving extra benefits under Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERPs)

 

    Against requiring option shares to be held

 

    For the creation of a compensation and a nominating committee

 

    For increasing the independence of key committees

Social Issue Proposals

 

    For proposals that ask a company to review operations or impacts or disclosure activities or impacts, except against if the proposal calls for action beyond reporting

 

    Against proposals that ask the company to implement changes in procedure, including the development of social, economic, environmental or ethical criteria to govern contracts and production

Additional Information

A description of TCW’s policies and procedures relating to proxy voting and class actions can also be found in the firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. A copy of TCW’s Form ADV is available to clients upon request to the Proxy Specialist.

 

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Endnotes

 

1  The quarterly report is filed on Form 13F.
1  Rule 16 a-1 of the Exchange Act.
1  See 12 U.S.C. § 1841(a)(2), 12 C.F.R. § 225.31(d), and 12 C.F.R. 225.144
1  “Control” includes power to exercise controlling influence over management, policies, or voting control.

 

 

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WASATCH ADVISORS, INC.

PROXY VOTING POLICY

 

 

Regulatory Background - Proxy Voting Provisions of the Investment Advisers Act

Rule 206(4)-6 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 requires that, for an investment adviser to exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, the adviser must:

 

    Adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes client securities in the best interest of clients, which procedures must include how the adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between the adviser’s interests and those of the adviser’s clients;

 

    Disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser about how the adviser voted with respect to their securities; and

 

    Describe to clients the adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy of the policies and procedures to the requesting client.

In accordance with our obligations under the Rule, Wasatch Advisors, Inc. (“Wasatch”) has adopted and implemented the following Proxy Voting Policy to ensure that client proxies are voted in the best interest of clients at all times.

 

I. POLICY OVERVIEW

At Wasatch, our goal is to maximize the economic value of the investments we make for our separate account clients and our mutual fund shareholders. In pursuit of this goal, we buy and hold securities we believe will appreciate in value. When the investment potential of a security becomes diminished, we sell it and attempt to reinvest the proceeds in more attractive opportunities. In short, the primary means by which we serve our shareholders and clients and protect their interests is the purchase and sale of securities. A secondary means by which we fulfill our fiduciary responsibility is the exercising of our proxy voting rights. Corporate governance, including but not limited to, compensation plans, corporate actions and the composition of a board of directors, can have a significant influence upon the behavior of a management team and the value of a corporation. The proxy voting process is the primary means by which investors are able to influence such activities. As such, Wasatch considers how we vote proxies to be an important activity.

One fundamental tenet of Wasatch’s investment philosophy is to invest in companies with high quality management teams. We spend a significant amount of time evaluating the performance, behavior, and actions of company executives in order to gain an understanding of how they think about protecting and increasing shareholder value. As a result of being invested with high quality management teams, Wasatch generally supports the recommendations of the boards of directors when voting proxies. However, we ultimately vote for or against recommendations based on the fundamental premise that at all times we are attempting to maximize the value of our investments for the benefit of our clients. Wasatch also has a long history of investing in companies with small market capitalizations, which often have a significant amount of common stock owned by existing and former members of management. While this high degree of inside ownership could cause some concerns regarding a lack of independence for the board of directors, certain board committees or other areas of corporate governance, we generally believe high inside ownership to be a positive characteristic as it helps to ensure that the interests of management and shareholders are closely aligned.


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Wasatch has developed the following proxy voting guidelines to assist us in making decisions about how to vote proposals concerning certain issues. We have attempted to address those issues that we believe are most relevant to creating shareholder value or that occur most frequently in the types of securities in which we invest. However, these guidelines are not exhaustive and do not purport to cover all of the potential issues, for the variety of issues on which shareholders may be asked to vote is unlimited. The disclosure of these guidelines is intended to provide clients and shareholders with a better understanding of how Wasatch attempts to maximize shareholder value via the proxy voting process.

 

II. GENERAL GUIDELINES

Board of Directors

Wasatch considers the board of directors to be an important component of strong corporate governance. The board is responsible for overseeing the management team of a company and helping to ensure that it acts in the best interest of shareholders. The primary means by which Wasatch can influence the board of directors is to vote for the election of directors who have relevant and valuable experience that will enhance the management of the company. Further, Wasatch prefers that a board of directors have a majority of independent directors because we believe that a board with such a composition is generally a strong advocate for shareholders.

However, while we endorse proposals that support the creation of boards with a majority of independent directors as well as proposals which call for the audit, compensation and nominating committees to be comprised solely of independent directors, the failure of the company to nominate only independent directors or to have only independent directors serve on key committees may not cause us to vote against the election of a director who lacks independence. Wasatch appreciates the importance of these standards but we do not believe it is always in the best interest of shareholders to blindly vote against all directors who may not be considered independent. For example, a large shareholder who serves as a director is not considered independent but may be a very important advocate for investors since his interests are closely aligned with those of shareholders.

Generally, Wasatch will vote for those nominees recommended by the board of directors. However, in each election we will review a wide variety of criteria including but not limited to:

 

    Long-term performance of the company.

 

    Composition of the board and key committees.

 

    Stock ownership by directors.

 

    Decisions regarding executive pay and director compensation.

 

    Corporate governance provisions and takeover activity.

 

    Attendance at board meetings.

 

    Interlocking directorships and related party transactions.

In addition to evaluating nominees for the board of directors based on the aforementioned criteria, Wasatch generally will support proposals:

 

    To declassify a board of directors.

 

    That allow cumulative voting and confidential voting.

Wasatch generally will not support:

 

    Nominees who are independent and receive compensation for services other than serving as a director.

 

    Nominees who attend less than 75% of board meetings without valid reasons for absences.

 

    Nominees who are party to an interlocking directorship.

 

    Efforts to adopt classified board structures.


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Executive Compensation

Wasatch supports compensation plans which are designed to align the interests of management and shareholders as well as relate executive compensation to the performance of the company. To evaluate compensation plans, we use quantitative criteria that measure the total cost to shareholders if a plan is passed. Factors considered include:

 

    The estimated dollar cost for every award type under the proposed plan and all continuing plans.

 

    The maximum shareholder wealth that would be transferred from the company to executives.

 

    Long-term corporate performance (on an absolute basis and relative to a standard industry peer group and an appropriate market index) pegged to market capitalization.

 

    Cash compensation pegged to market capitalization.

 

    Other features of proposed compensation plans such as administration, payment terms, plan duration, and whether the administering committee is permitted to reprice underwater stock options without shareholder approval.

After the cost of the plan is estimated, it is compared to a company-specific dilution cap. The allowable cap is industry specific, market cap based, and pegged to the average amount paid by companies performing in the top quartile of their peer groupings. If the total plan cost exceeds the allowable cap, Wasatch will generally vote against the proposed plan. In addition, Wasatch generally will not support stock option plans that permit:

 

    The repricing of stock options without shareholder approval.

 

    The options to be priced at less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying security on the date of the grant.

Capital Structure

Wasatch may be asked to vote on proposals pertaining to changes in the capital structure of a company. Such proposals include, but are not limited to, common stock authorizations, capital issuance requests, share repurchase programs, stock splits, and debt restructurings. We will vote for board-recommended capital structure changes so long as the proposals are well aligned with shareholder interests. Wasatch generally will support proposals:

 

    Requesting the authorization of additional common stock.

 

    To institute share repurchase plans.

 

    To implement stock splits. Proposals to implement reverse stock splits will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

Wasatch will review, on a case-by-case basis, all other proposals to change the capital structure of a company, including the authorization of common stock with special voting rights, the authorization of stock relating to certain transactions, the issuance of preferred stock (including “blank check” preferred stock) and the restructuring of debt securities. These proposals typically address a set of company-specific circumstances and proposals recommended by the board of directors may or may not be in the best interest of shareholders.

Mergers, Acquisitions and Other Transactions

Companies may undertake a variety of strategic transactions aimed at enhancing shareholder value including mergers, acquisitions, recapitalizations, spin-offs, asset sales, and liquidations. In evaluating proposed transactions, we will consider the benefits and costs to shareholders over both the short and long term. Specific items we will consider include the financial impact of the transaction on future operating results, the increase or decrease in shareholder value, and any changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights. When shareholders are asked to vote on mergers, acquisitions and other similar proposals, they are considered to be material to the company and could require the analysis of a wide variety of factors in order to determine if the transaction is in the best interest of shareholders. As a result, Wasatch will review and vote each proposal on a case-by-case basis.


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Anti-Takeover Provisions

In an attempt to prevent a company from being acquired without the approval of the board of directors, shareholders may be asked to vote on a variety of proposals such as shareholder rights plans (commonly referred to as “poison pills”), supermajority voting, blank check preferred stock, fair price provisions, and the creation of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights. Wasatch recognizes that such proposals may enhance shareholder value in certain situations. However, Wasatch will review proposals pertaining to anti-takeover provisions on a case-by-case basis and vote against those proposals merely intended to entrench management and prevent the company from being acquired at a fair price.

Auditors

An audit of a company’s financial statements is an important part of the investment process, for while an audit cannot fully protect investors against fraud, it does verify that the financial statements accurately represent the position and performance of the company. Wasatch generally votes for proposals to ratify auditors unless the auditors do not appear to be independent. Auditor independence may be compromised if the auditor has a financial interest and/or association with the company or receives substantial compensation for non-audit related services. Wasatch also generally votes for proposals to authorize the board of directors to determine the remuneration of the auditors unless there is evidence of excessive compensation relative to the size and nature of the company.

Environmental, Social and Governance Issues

Wasatch believes corporations which act responsibly towards all stakeholders will generally perform better over the long-term. Wasatch will consider Environmental, Social and Governance issues in proxy proposals, but will determine on a case-by-case basis whether the proposals are economically advantageous to shareholders and whether or not to support the issues.

Foreign Issuers

With respect to some non-U.S. issuers, the exercise of voting rights can cause an account to incur a cost or cause the underlying shares to be blocked from trading. Although we recognize the importance of the right to vote, Wasatch believes that clients may be better served by avoiding unnecessary costs and preserving the right to trade shares promptly should conditions warrant. Accordingly, there may be times when no vote is cast because Wasatch’s analysis of a particular proxy leads us to believe that the cost of voting the proxy exceeds the expected benefit to clients (e.g., when casting a vote on a foreign security requires that Wasatch engage a translator or travel to a foreign country to vote in person, or results in shares being blocked from trading). This position complies with the Department of Labor’s Interpretive Bulletin 94-2.

Certain foreign countries require additional documentation in order to permit voting of shares. For example, Wasatch clients are at times required to provide a power of attorney to the local sub-custodian to facilitate Wasatch voting the shares held in the client accounts. While Wasatch will attempt to assist clients in preparing and submitting this documentation, at times Wasatch is unable to vote shares held by some clients in certain foreign countries.

 

III. EXCLUSIONS AND EXCEPTIONS

Wasatch has developed the general guidelines to assist us in making decisions about how to vote proposals concerning anticipatable issues. However, we recognize that the general guidelines are not exhaustive and cannot anticipate all of the potential issues, or the facts and circumstances surrounding a particular vote. Although we have general guidelines, in the situations covered below Wasatch may supplement or deviate from them.


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Case-by-case Issues

Several of the issues mentioned above in the general guidelines recognize that the proper vote to maximize shareholder value will be dependent upon the facts in the actual situation. These facts cannot be anticipated and will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis with the aim of maximizing shareholder value. In addition, any issues that are not addressed by the foregoing guidelines will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

Exceptions

From time to time Wasatch will review an issue that is addressed by the foregoing guidelines and determine that in the specific case it is appropriate to vote against the recommendation provided in the guidelines with the aim of maximizing shareholder value. At these times it is permissible for Wasatch to vote against the general guidelines, but it is required that the rationale behind the deviation from the guidelines is sufficiently documented.

Conflicts of Interest

Wasatch will at all times make its best effort to vote proxies in the best interest of clients and avoid material conflicts of interest. A material conflict of interest refers to a situation in which Wasatch or affiliated persons of Wasatch have a financial interest in a matter presented by a proxy which could potentially compromise Wasatch’s independence of judgment and action with respect to the voting of the proxy. We will attempt to identify any material conflicts that may exist by, among other things, reviewing the identity of each issuer soliciting proxy votes to determine if the issuer or an affiliate of the issuer (i) is a client of Wasatch, (ii) has a relationship with Wasatch, (iii) there is a reasonable expectation that the issuer or an affiliate would become a client of Wasatch or develop a material relationship with Wasatch, or (iv) Wasatch holds a significant amount7 of the issuer’s shares outstanding. In addition, any Wasatch employee with knowledge of a personal conflict of interest (e.g., a familial relationship with company management) relating to an issuer soliciting proxy votes must disclose that conflict to the Proxy Manager and Compliance and remove himself or herself from the proxy voting process for that issuer. Any questions regarding whether a particular issue may present a material conflict of interest with respect to Wasatch’s voting of client proxies should be directed to Compliance.

In the event that Wasatch has a material conflict of interest in any proposal that is the subject of a proxy to be voted for a client account, Wasatch will instruct ISS to vote that proposal in accordance with ISS’ published recommendation. In such cases, any vote recommended by ISS is binding and may not be overridden by Wasatch. Proposals on the same proxy ballot for which Wasatch does not have a material conflict of interest will be voted in accordance with Wasatch’s Proxy Voting Policy.

Private Funds

In addition to its other clients, Wasatch provides investment management services to private investment funds. Every vote made in the private funds will be considered a case-by-case vote. All voting decisions made for the private funds will be made independent of the voting decisions made for other Wasatch clients. In order to ensure this independence, Wasatch will document that different individuals have made these voting decisions independent of one another.

 

7  Wasatch’s relative level of ownership of certain issuer’s soliciting proxy votes, as a percent of the company’s shares outstanding, may give the appearance of control. Wasatch clients hold the issuer’s stock solely for investment purposes, with no intent to control the business or affairs of the issuer. In such instances, Wasatch may instruct ISS to vote that meeting in accordance with ISS’ published recommendation.


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IV. PROCEDURES

ISS’s Role

Wasatch has retained an independent service provider, Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”), to assist in reconciling and processing proxy ballots and providing record-keeping and vote disclosure services, as well as research on proxy issues. ISS tracks which securities are held by Wasatch and receives notice of the proxy votes that these companies send to shareholders. ISS then reviews the Wasatch Proxy Voting Policy and prepares recommendations on how the votes should be cast based on the policy (the “ISS Recommendations”). ISS then provides these recommendations to Wasatch. On matters not adequately covered by the Wasatch Proxy Voting Policy, ISS merely notes these as case-by-case indicating they require additional review by Wasatch. After the ISS Recommendations are provided to Wasatch, the matters are voted by ISS in accordance with the recommendations unless ISS receives instructions from Wasatch to vote otherwise.

Proxy Manager’s Role

Wasatch has designated a member of our Operations team as Proxy Manager to assist in coordinating and voting securities. The Proxy Manager sends a proxy meeting calendar to research analysts detailing upcoming shareholder meetings, including an indication whether items are set to be voted per the ISS Recommendations or whether they need additional review and determination by Research. The Proxy Manager then is responsible for ensuring all votes are cast, documenting the basis for voting decisions on any contrary votes or case-by-case votes, and monitoring Wasatch’s proxy voting procedures.

Research Team’s Role

The members of Wasatch’s Research team are responsible for reviewing the proxies of the companies they follow and the ISS Recommendation for the proxies. The Research team needs to provide the Proxy Manager with vote recommendations in case-by-case votes and any time they wish to vote contrary to the ISS Recommendation.    

Proxy Committee

Wasatch has established a Proxy Committee to oversee the implementation and monitoring of this Policy. The Proxy Committee provides a written report on a regular basis to the Wasatch’s Corporate Governance and Audit Committee as well as the Wasatch Funds Trust’s Board of Directors.

No less than annually, the Proxy Committee shall:

 

    Review a sample of the record of voting delegation, including ERISA accounts, maintained by the Proxy Manager to determine if Wasatch is exercising its authority to vote proxies on portfolio securities held in the selected accounts;

 

    Request and review voting data to determine if accurate and timely communication of proxy votes is reasonably accomplished during the period reviewed;

 

    Meet with the Proxy Manager to review the voting of proxies, communication of proxy votes, and the general functioning of this policy; and

 

    Prepare a written report to the Audit Committee with respect to the results of this review.

 

V. Recordkeeping, Training and Maintenance

Recordkeeping

Under rule 204-2, Wasatch must retain the following:

 

  a) proxy voting policies;

 

  b) proxy statements received regarding client securities – Wasatch has delegated the responsibility for maintaining these records to ISS;

 

  c) records of votes they cast on behalf of clients – Wasatch has delegated the responsibility for maintaining these records to ISS;


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  d) any documents prepared by Wasatch that were material to making a decision how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for the decision – this will generally be the proxy policy and documentation regarding any votes cast contrary to the policy;

 

  e) Record of the voting resolution of any conflict of interest;

 

  f) Records of any client requests for information on how a client’s proxies were voted and records of Wasatch’s responses to client requests;

 

  g) Training attendance records; and

 

  h) All written reports arising from annual reviews of the policy.

Wasatch has retained ISS to assist in providing record-keeping. Wasatch may also use the Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR database for the items referred to in item b above. Records not maintained by ISS shall be maintained by Wasatch for a period of not less than five years from the end of the Wasatch’s fiscal year during which the last entry was made on the record.

Training

At least annually, appropriate personnel will be trained regarding the Proxy Voting Policy. Such training program will review applicable laws, regulations, procedures and recent trends in proxy voting and their relation to Wasatch’s business. Training may be conducted in person or online, and completion records will be retained for a five-year period.

Annual Certification

Each Wasatch employee who is involved in the proxy voting process is required to certify annually that he or she has read, understands and has complied with, to the best of his or her knowledge, Wasatch’s Proxy Voting Policy.

ERISA

Wasatch acknowledges our responsibility to vote proxies for ERISA clients in a manner that ensures the exclusive benefit for the underlying participants and beneficiaries. Wasatch casts such proxy votes for the sole purpose of extending benefits to participants and beneficiaries while using the care, skill and diligence that a prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use under the circumstances then prevailing.

Undue Influence

Any attempts by any of Wasatch’s personnel to influence the voting of client proxies in a manner that is inconsistent with Wasatch’s Policy should be reported to Wasatch’s Compliance Officer. If the Compliance Officer is the person attempting to influence the voting, the report should be made to Wasatch’s President.

 

VI. Disclosure to Clients

Interested Clients are encouraged to request information on how Wasatch has voted their proxies. In order to request this information, separate account clients should contact their Client Relations representative. Wasatch Funds’ proxy voting record is available on the Funds’ website at www.wasatchfunds.com and the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov no later than August 31 for the prior 12 months ending June 30.     

Adopted as of September 30, 2004

Amended as of June 8, 2010; March 10, 2015; November 14, 2017.

 

i The quarterly report is filed on Form 13F.
ii  Rule 16 a-1 of the Exchange Act.
iii See 12 U.S.C. § 1841(a)(2), 12 C.F.R. § 225.31(d), and 12 C.F.R. 225.144
iv  “Control” includes power to exercise controlling influence over management, policies, or voting control.


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PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

Item 28. Exhibits

 

Exhibit No.

 

Exhibit

(a)(1)   Certificate of Trust, dated October 10, 2016, of Brinker Capital Destinations Trust (the “Registrant”), is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a) to the Registrant’s Initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-214364 and 811-23207), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on November 1, 2016 (the “Initial Registration Statement”).
(a)(2)   Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, dated October 12, 2016, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a) of the Initial Registration Statement.
(b)   Registrant’s Amended and Restated By-Laws, dated January 17, 2017, are incorporated by reference to Exhibit (b) of the Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214364 and 811-23207), filed with the SEC on February 10, 2017 (“Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2”).
(c)   See Articles III and V of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a) of the Initial Registration Statement.
(d)(1)   Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Brinker Capital, Inc. (“Brinker Capital”), dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(1) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(2)   Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Brinker Capital, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(2) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(3)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Avenue Capital Management II, L.P., dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(3) of the Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 on Form N-1A (File No. 333-214364 and 811-23207), filed with the SEC on March 6, 2017 (“Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3”).
(d)(4)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and BAMCO, Inc., dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(4) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(5)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and BlackRock Investment Management, LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(5) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3.
(d)(6)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Ceredex Value Advisors LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(6) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(7)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(7) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3.
(d)(8)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(8) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3.
(d)(9)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Delaware Investments Fund Advisers, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(9) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(10)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and DoubleLine Capital, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(10) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3.


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(d)(11)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Driehaus Capital Management, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(11) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(12)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(12) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(13)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc., dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(13) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(14)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and LMCG Investments, LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(14) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(15)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Massachusetts Financial Services Company d/b/a MFS Investment Management, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(15) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(16)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Northern Trust Investments, Inc., dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(16) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3.
(d)(17)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(17) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(18)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(18) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(19)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and SailingStone Capital Partners, LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(19) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3.
(d)(20)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(20) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(d)(21)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and TCW Investment Management Company, LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(21) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3.
(d)(22)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Brinker Capital and Wasatch Advisors, Inc., dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(22) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(e)(1)   Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(1) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(e)(2)   Distribution Services Agreement between Brinker Capital and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(2) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2
(e)(3)   Form of Selling Group Member Agreement is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(3) to the Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(f)   Not Applicable.
(g)   Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (g) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3.


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(h)(1)   Administrative Agency Agreement between the Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3.
(h)(2)   Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and UMB Fund Services, Inc., dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(h)(3)   Blue Sky Filing Services Agreement between the Registrant and UMB Fund Services, Inc., dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(3) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(i)   Opinion of Counsel is to be filed by future amendment.
(j)   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is to be filed by future amendment.
(k)   Not Applicable.
(l)   Initial Capital Agreement between the Registrant and Brinker Capital, dated January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (l) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3.
(m)   Not Applicable.
(n)   Form of Rule 18f-3 Multiple Class Plan, is filed herewith.
(o)   Reserved.
(p)(1)   Code of Ethics for the Registrant is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (p)(1) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(p)(2)   Code of Ethics for Brinker Capital is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (p)(2) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(p)(3)   Code of Ethics for Foreside Fund Services, LLC, amended February 28, 2018, filed herewith.
(p)(4)   Code of Ethics for UMB Fund Services, Inc., amended June 10, 2015, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (p)(4) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(p)(5)   Code of Ethics for Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., dated March 2016, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (p)(5) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(p)(6)   Code of Ethics for Avenue Capital Management II, L.P., dated January 1, 2018, is filed herewith.
(p)(7)   Code of Ethics for BAMCO, Inc., dated January 23, 2018, is filed herewith.
(p)(8)   Code of Ethics for BlackRock Investment Management, LLC, dated May 8, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(9)   Code of Ethics for Ceredex Value Advisors LLC, dated October 1, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(10)   Code of Ethics for Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, dated December 27, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(11)   Code of Ethics for CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC, dated October 24, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(12)   Code of Ethics for Delaware Investments Fund Advisers, dated June 30, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(13)   Code of Ethics for DoubleLine Capital, dated September 1, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(14)   Code of Ethics for Driehaus Capital Management LLC, dated June 15, 2015, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (p)(14) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(p)(15)   Code of Ethics for Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, dated April 1, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(16)   Code of Ethics for Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc., dated March 27, 2018, is filed herewith.


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(p)(17)   Code of Ethics for LMCG Investments, LLC, dated November 2015, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (p)(17) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(p)(18)   Code of Ethics for Massachusetts Financial Services Company d/b/a MFS Investment Management, dated October 31, 2016, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (p)(18) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(p)(19)   Code of Ethics for Northern Trust Investments, Inc., dated March 31, 2018, is filed herewith.
(p)(20)   Code of Ethics for Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, dated September 1, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(21)   Code of Ethics for RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC, dated August 1, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(22)   Code of Ethics for SailingStone Capital Partners, LLC, dated January 20, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(23)   Code of Ethics for T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., dated March 1, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(24)   Code of Ethics for TCW Investment Management Company, LLC, dated December 19, 2017, is filed herewith.
(p)(25)   Code of Ethics for Wasatch Advisors, Inc., dated February 14, 2017, is filed herewith.
(q)(1)   Power of Attorney, dated January 18, 2017, for Nicholas Marsini, Jr., Ellyn Brown, Joseph V. Del Raso, J. Scott Coleman and Gregory E. McGowan is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (q) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(q)(2)   Power of Attorney, dated April 25, 2018, for Noreen Beaman, is filed herewith.


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Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund

See the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information as previously filed regarding the Trust’s control relationships. Brinker Capital Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brinker Capital Holdings, Inc. In additional to Brinker Capital Inc., Brinker Capital Holdings, Inc. owns Brinker Capital Securities, Inc.

Item 30. Indemnification

Please see Article VII of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, and Section 8 of the Registrant’s By-Laws, which are incorporated by reference.

Article VII of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the Registrant shall indemnify each Person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, any Person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as a Trustee, officer, trustee, employee or agent of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise to the extent and in the manner provided in the By-Laws.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Registrant’s organizational instruments or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and, therefore, is unenforceable.

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser

Brinker Capital Inc. (“Brinker Capital”) is the Adviser for the Registrant’s Funds. The principal business address of Brinker Capital is 1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250, Berwyn, PA 19312. Brinker Capital is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”).

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Brinker Capital, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two fiscal years is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Brinker Capital pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-30504).

Sub-adviser – Avenue Capital Management II, L.P.

Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. (“Avenue”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternative Fund. The principal business address of Avenue is 399 Park Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10022. Avenue is a registered investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Avenue, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and D of Form ADV filed by Avenue pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-57734).

Sub-adviser – BAMCO, Inc.

BAMCO, Inc. (“BAMCO”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations International Equity Fund. The principal business address of BAMCO is 767 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor, New York, NY 10153. BAMCO is a registered investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of BAMCO, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and B of Form ADV filed by BAMCO pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-29080).


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Sub-adviser – BlackRock Investment Management, LLC.

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (“BlackRock”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund and Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. The principal business address of BlackRock is 1 University Square Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540. BlackRock is a registered investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

[Additional information about BlackRock is incorporated by reference to Schedules A of Form ADV filed by BlackRock pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-56972). Neither BlackRock, nor its officers or directors, have engaged in another business of a substantial nature during the last two years.]

Sub-adviser – Ceredex Value Advisors LLC

Ceredex Value Advisors LLC (“Ceredex”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund. The principal business address of Ceredex is 301 East Pine Street, Suite 500, Orlando, FL 32801. Ceredex is a registered investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Ceredex, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A, B and D of Form ADV filed by Ceredex pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-68739).

Sub-adviser – Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC

Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“CMIA”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Equity Income Fund and the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. The principal business address of CMIA is 225 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110. CMIA is a registered investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of CMIA, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A of Form ADV filed by CMIA pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-25943). In addition to their position with CMIA, certain directors and officers of CMIA also hold various positions with, and engage in business for, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. or its other subsidiaries.

Sub-adviser – CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC

CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC (“CrossingBridge”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund and the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund. The principal business address of CrossingBridge is 427 Bedford Road, Suite 230, Pleasantville, NY 10570. CrossingBridge is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of CrossingBridge, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A, B and D of Form ADV filed by CrossingBridge pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-110043).

Sub-adviser – Delaware Investments Fund Advisers, a series of Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust

Delaware Investments Fund Advisers (“DIFA”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. The principal business address of DIFA is 2005 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. DIFA is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.


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The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of DIFA, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and D of Form ADV filed by DIFA pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-32108).

Sub-adviser – DoubleLine Capital

DoubleLine Capital LP (“DoubleLine”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Core Fixed Income Fund, Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund and the Destinations Low Duration Fixed Income Fund. The principal business address of DoubleLine is 505 North Brand Boulevard, Suite 860, Glendale, CA 91203. DoubleLine is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of DoubleLine, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and B of Form ADV filed by DoubleLine pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-70942).

Sub-adviser – Driehaus Capital Management LLC

Driehaus Capital Management LLC (“Driehaus”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund and the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund. The principal business address of Driehaus is 25 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL 60611. Driehaus is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Driehaus, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and B of Form ADV filed by Driehaus pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-18439).

Sub-adviser – Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania

Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania (“FEMCOPA”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Equity Income Fund. The principal business address of FEMCOPA is 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779. FEMCOPA is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of FEMCOPA, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A, B and D of Form ADV filed by FEMCOPA pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-62501).

Sub-adviser – Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc.

Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc. (“Fort Washington”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. The principal business address of Fort Washington is 303 Broadway, Suite 1200, Cincinnati, OH 45202. Fort Washington is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Fort Washington, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A, B and D of Form ADV filed by Fort Washington pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-37235).

Sub-adviser – LMCG Investments, LLC

LMCG Investments, LLC (“LMCG”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund. The principal business address for LMCG is 200 Clarendon Street, 28th Floor, Boston, MA 02116. LMCG is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.


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The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of LMCG, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A, B and D of Form ADV filed by LMCG pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-70357).

Sub-adviser – MFS Investment Management

Massachusetts Financial Services Company d/b/a MFS Investment Management (“MFS”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations International Equity Fund. The principal business address for MFS is 111 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02199. MFS is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of MFS, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A, B and D of Form ADV filed by MFS pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-17352).

Sub-adviser – Northern Trust Investments, Inc.

Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Municipal Fixed Income Fund. The principal business address of NTI is 50 South LaSalle St., Chicago, IL 60603. NTI is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of NIT, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and B of Form ADV filed by NIT pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-33358).

Sub-adviser – Nuveen Asset Management, LLC

Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (“Nuveen Asset Management”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund. The principal business address of Nuveen Asset Management is 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606. Nuveen Asset Management is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Nuveen Asset Management, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A, B and D of Form ADV filed by Nuveen Asset Management pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-71957).

Sub-adviser – RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC

RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (“RiverNorth”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Multi Strategy Alternatives Fund. The principal business address of RiverNorth is 325 North LaSalle Street, Suite 645, Chicago, Illinois 60654. RiverNorth is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

Additional information about RiverNorth is incorporated by reference to Schedules A of Form ADV filed by RiverNorth pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-61533). Neither RiverNorth, nor its officers or directors, have engaged in another business of a substantial nature during the last two years.

Sub-adviser – SailingStone Capital Partners, LLC

SailingStone Capital Partners, LLC (“SailingStone”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Real Assets Fund. The principal business address of SailingStone is 1 California Street, Suite 3050, San Francisco, CA 94111. SailingStone is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.


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The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of SailingStone, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A, B and D of Form ADV filed by SailingStone pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-78858).

Sub-adviser – T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (“T. Rowe Price”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations International Equity Fund and the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. The principal business address of T. Rowe Price is 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202. T. Rowe Price is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of T. Rowe Price, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and B of Form ADV filed by T. Rowe Price pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-856).

Sub-adviser – TCW Investment Management Company, LLC

TCW Investment Management Company LLC (“TIMCO”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations Large Cap Equity Fund. The principal business address of TIMCO is 865 S. Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, CA 90017. TIMCO is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of TIMCO, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and B of Form ADV filed by TIMCO pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-29075).

Sub-adviser – Wasatch Advisors, Inc.

Wasatch Advisors, Inc. (“Wasatch”) serves as an investment adviser to the Destinations International Equity Fund. The principal business address of Wasatch is 505 Wakara Way, 3rd Floor, Salt Lake City, UT 84108. Wasatch is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

Additional information about Wasatch is incorporated by reference to Schedules A of Form ADV filed by Wasatch pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-11095). Neither Wasatch, nor its officers or directors, have engaged in another business of a substantial nature during the last two years

 

Item 32.

Foreside Fund Services, LLC

 

Item

32(a) Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:

 

1. ABS Long/Short Strategies Fund
2. Absolute Shares Trust
3. Active Weighting Funds ETF Trust
4. AdvisorShares Trust
5. AmericaFirst Quantitative Funds
6. American Century ETF Trust
7. ARK ETF Trust
8. BP Capital TwinLine Energy Fund, Series of Professionally Managed Portfolios
9. BP Capital TwinLine MLP Fund, Series of Professionally Managed Portfolios
10. Braddock Multi-Strategy Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
11. Bridgeway Funds, Inc.


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12. Brinker Capital Destinations Trust
13. Calvert Ultra-Short Duration Income NextShares, Series of Calvert Management Series
14. Center Coast MLP & Infrastructure Fund
15. Center Coast MLP Focus Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
16. CornerCap Group of Funds
17. Davis Fundamental ETF Trust
18. Direxion Shares ETF Trust
19. Eaton Vance NextShares Trust
20. Eaton Vance NextShares Trust II
21. EIP Investment Trust
22. EntrepreneurShares Series Trust
23. Evanston Alternative Opportunities Fund
24. Exchange Listed Funds Trust (f/k/a Exchange Traded Concepts Trust II)
25. FEG Absolute Access Fund I LLC
26. Fiera Capital Series Trust
27. FlexShares Trust
28. Forum Funds
29. Forum Funds II
30. FQF Trust
31. Friess Small Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
32. GraniteShares ETF Trust
33. Guinness Atkinson Funds
34. Horizons ETF Trust I (f/k/a Recon Capital Series Trust)
35. Infinity Core Alternative Fund
36. Innovator ETFs Trust II (f/k/a Elkhorn ETF Trust)
37. Innovator IBD® 50 ETF, Series of Innovator ETFs Trust
38. Innovator IBD® ETF Leaders ETF, Series of Innovator ETFs Trust
39. Ironwood Institutional Multi-Strategy Fund LLC
40. Ironwood Multi-Strategy Fund LLC
41. John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust
42. Manor Investment Funds
43. Miller/Howard Funds Trust
44. Miller/Howard High Income Equity Fund
45. Moerus Worldwide Value Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust IV
46. MProved Systematic Long-Short Fund, Series Portfolios Trust
47. MProved Systematic Merger Arbitrage Fund, Series Portfolios Trust
48. MProved Systematic Multi-Strategy Fund, Series Portfolios Trust
49. NYSE® Pickens Oil Response™ ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
50. OSI ETF Trust
51. Palmer Square Opportunistic Income Fund
52. Partners Group Private Income Opportunities, LLC
53. PENN Capital Funds Trust
54. Performance Trust Mutual Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
55. Pine Grove Alternative Institutional Fund
56. Plan Investment Fund, Inc.
57. PMC Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
58. Point Bridge GOP Stock Tracker ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
59. Quaker Investment Trust
60. Ranger Funds Investment Trust
61. Renaissance Capital Greenwich Funds
62. RMB Investors Trust (f/k/a Burnham Investors Trust)


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63. Robinson Opportunistic Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
64. Robinson Tax Advantaged Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
65. Salient MF Trust
66. SharesPost 100 Fund
67. Sound Shore Fund, Inc.
68. Steben Alternative Investment Funds
69. Steben Select Multi-Strategy Fund
70. Strategy Shares
71. The 504 Fund (f/k/a The Pennant 504 Fund)
72. The Chartwell Funds
73. The Community Development Fund
74. The Relative Value Fund
75. Third Avenue Trust
76. Third Avenue Variable Series Trust
77. TIFF Investment Program
78. Transamerica ETF Trust
79. U.S. Global Investors Funds
80. VictoryShares Developed Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
81. VictoryShares Dividend Accelerator ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
82. VictoryShares Emerging Market High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
83. VictoryShares Emerging Market Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
84. VictoryShares International High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
85. VictoryShares International Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
86. VictoryShares US 500 Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
87. VictoryShares US 500 Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
88. VictoryShares US Discovery Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
89. VictoryShares US EQ Income Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
90. VictoryShares US Large Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
91. VictoryShares US Multi-Factor Minimum Volatility ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
92. VictoryShares US Small Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
93. VictoryShares US Small Cap Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II
94. Vivaldi Opportunities Fund
95. West Loop Realty Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust (f/k/a Chilton Realty Income & Growth Fund)
96. Wintergreen Fund, Inc.
97. WisdomTree Trust
98. WST Investment Trust

 

Item 32(b) The following are the Officers and Manager of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter. The Distributor’s main business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.

 

Name

  

Address

  

Position with Underwriter

  

Position with Registrant

Richard J. Berthy

   Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101    President, Treasurer and Manager    None

Mark A. Fairbanks

   Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101    Vice President    None


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Name

  

Address

  

Position with Underwriter

  

Position with Registrant

Jennifer K. DiValerio

   899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312    Vice President    None

Nanette K. Chern

   Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101    Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer    None

Jennifer E. Hoopes

   Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101    Secretary    None

Item 32(c)       Not applicable.

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of:

Registrant

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

Registrant’s Investment Adviser

Brinker Capital Inc.,

1055 Westlakes Drive, Suite 250

Berwyn, PA 19312

Registrant’s Administrator and Custodian

Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.

50 Post Office Square

Boston, MA 02110

Registrant’s Principal Underwriter

Foreside Fund Services, LLC

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100

Portland, Maine 04101

Registrant’s Transfer Agent

UMB Fund Services, Inc.

235 W. Galena Street

Milwaukee, WI 53212

Registrant’s Sub-Advisers

Avenue Capital Management II, L.P.

399 Park Avenue, 6th Floor

New York, NY 10016

BAMCO, Inc.

767 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor

New York, NY 10153

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC

1 University Square Drive

Princeton, New Jersey 08540

Ceredex Value Advisors LLC

301 East Pine Street, Suite 500


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Orlando, FL 32801

Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC

225 Franklin Street

Boston, MA 02110

CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC

427 Bedford Road Suite 230

Pleasantville, NY 10570

Delaware Investments Fund Advisers

2005 Market Street

Philadelphia, PA 19103

DoubleLine Capital

505 North Brand Boulevard, Suite 860,

Glendale, CA 91203

Driehaus Capital Management

25 East Erie Street

Chicago, IL 60611

Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania

Federated Investors Tower

1001 Liberty Avenue

Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779

Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc.

303 Broadway, Suite 1200

Cincinnati, OH 45202

LMCG Investments, LLC

200 Clarendon Street, 28th Floor

Boston, MA 02116

MFS Investment Management

111 Huntington Avenue

Boston, MA 02199-7618

Northern Trust Investments, Inc.

50 South LaSalle St.

Chicago, IL 60603

Nuveen Asset Management, LLC

333 West Wacker Drive

Chicago, IL 60606

RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC

325 North LaSalle Street, Suite 645

Chicago, Illinois 60654

SailingStone Capital Partners, LLC

1 California Street, Suite 3050

San Francisco, CA 94111

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

100 E. Pratt Street

Baltimore, MD 21202

TCW Investment Management Company, LLC

865 S. Figueroa Street

Suite 1800


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Los Angeles, CA 90017

Wasatch Advisors

505 Wakara Way, 3rd Floor

Salt Lake City, UT 84108

Item 34. Management Services

Not Applicable.

Item 35. Undertakings

Not Applicable.


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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement No. 333-214364to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Berwyn, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on the 27th day of April, 2018.

 

Brinker Capital Destinations Trust

/s/ Jason B. Moore

Jason B. Moore

President

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated.

 

SIGNATURES

  

TITLE

 

DATE

/s/ Jason B. Moore

Jason B. Moore

  

President

  April 27, 2018

/s/ Noreen D. Beaman

Noreen D. Beaman

  

Chief Executive Officer and Trustee

  April 27, 2018

/s/ Philip F. Green

Philip F. Green, Jr.

  

Chief Financial Officer

  April 27, 2018

*

Ellyn L. Brown

  

Chairman of the Board

  April 27, 2018

*

Joseph V. Del Raso

  

Trustee

  April 27, 2018

*

J. Scott Coleman

  

Trustee

  April 27, 2018

*

Nicholas Marsini, Jr.

  

Trustee

  April 27, 2018

*

Gregory E. McGowan

  

Trustee

  April 27, 2018

 

*By:

  /s/ Jason B. Moore
 

Jason B. Moore

 

Attorney-in-Fact

 

April 27, 2018


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Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit Index

 

Description

(n)   Form of Rule 18f-3 Multiple Class Plan.
(p)(3)   Code of Ethics for Foreside Fund Services, LLC, amended February 28, 2018.
(p)(6)   Code of Ethics for Avenue Capital Management II, L.P., dated January 1, 2018.
(p)(7)   Code of Ethics for BAMCO, Inc., dated January 23, 2018.
(p)(8)   Code of Ethics for BlackRock Investment Management, LLC, dated May 8, 2017.
(p)(9)   Code of Ethics for Ceredex Value Advisors LLC, dated October 1, 2017.
(p)(10)   Code of Ethics for Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, dated December 27, 2017.
(p)(11)   Code of Ethics for CrossingBridge Advisors, LLC, dated October 24, 2017.
(p)(12)   Code of Ethics for Delaware Investments Fund Advisers, dated June 30, 2017.
(p)(13)   Code of Ethics for DoubleLine Capital, dated September 1, 2017.
(p)(15)   Code of Ethics for Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, dated April 1, 2017.
(p)(16)   Code of Ethics for Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc., dated March 27, 2018.
(p)(19)   Code of Ethics for Northern Trust Investments, Inc., dated March 31, 2018.
(p)(20)   Code of Ethics for Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, dated September 1, 2017.
(p)(21)   Code of Ethics for RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC, dated August 1, 2017.
(p)(22)   Code of Ethics for SailingStone Capital Partners, LLC, dated January 20, 2017.
(p)(23)   Code of Ethics for T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., dated March 1, 2017.
(p)(24)   Code of Ethics for TCW Investment Management Company, LLC, dated December 19, 2017.
(p)(25)   Code of Ethics for Wasatch Advisors, Inc., dated February 14, 2017.
(q)(2)   Power of Attorney, dated April 25, 2018, for Noreen Beaman.