Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

	For the three months ended March 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)	2019		2018
Current income tax expense	$	101	$	81
Deferred income tax expense	38		41
Income tax expense	$	139	$	122

The effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 24.24%, compared to 25.92% for the same period in 2018.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the effective tax rate excluding the discrete item of the foreign exchange ("FX") gain of $45 million on debt and lease liabilities, was 25.75%.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the effective tax rate excluding the discrete items of the FX loss of $49 million on the Company's U.S. dollar-denominated debt was 24.75%.