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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Components of Other comprehensive (loss) income and related tax effects The components of Other comprehensive income (loss) and the related tax effects are as follows:
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Before
tax amount

Income tax (expense) recovery

Net of tax
amount

For the year ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on:
 
 
 
Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
419

$
—

$
419

Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 18)
(479
)
64

(415
)
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:



Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income
10

(3
)
7

Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges and other
28

(8
)
20

Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses
(447
)
115

(332
)
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs
(2
)
1

(1
)
Other comprehensive loss
$
(471
)
$
169

$
(302
)
For the year ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on:
 
 
 
Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
(295
)
$
—

$
(295
)
Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 18)
319

(42
)
277

Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:



Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income
25

(6
)
19

Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges and other
(6
)
2

(4
)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses
84

(20
)
64

Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs
(4
)
1

(3
)
Other comprehensive income
$
123

$
(65
)
$
58

For the year ended December 31, 2016
 
 
 
Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on:
 
 
 
Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
(132
)
$
—

$
(132
)
Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 18)
150

(20
)
130

Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income
10

(2
)
8

Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges and other
(12
)
2

(10
)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses
(422
)
113

(309
)
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs
(12
)
3

(9
)
Other comprehensive loss
$
(418
)
$
96

$
(322
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, Net of tax The components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows:
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
2018

2017

Unrealized foreign exchange gain on translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
862

$
443

Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
(749
)
(334
)
Net deferred and unrealized losses on derivatives and other
(62
)
(89
)
Amounts for defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans not recognized in income (Note 21)
(2,094
)
(1,761
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
$
(2,043
)
$
(1,741
)
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component are as follows:
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Foreign currency
net of hedging
activities(1)

Derivatives and
other(1)

Pension and post-
retirement defined
benefit plans(1)

Total(1)

Opening balance, January 1, 2018
$
109

$
(89
)
$
(1,761
)
$
(1,741
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
4

19

(417
)
(394
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
—

8

84

92

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)
4

27

(333
)
(302
)
Closing balance, December 31, 2018
$
113

$
(62
)
$
(2,094
)
$
(2,043
)
Opening balance, January 1, 2017
$
127

$
(104
)
$
(1,822
)
$
(1,799
)
Net current-period other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
(17
)
(4
)
(50
)
(71
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
(1
)
19

111

129

Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income
(18
)
15

61

58

Closing balance, December 31, 2017
$
109

$
(89
)
$
(1,761
)
$
(1,741
)

(1) Amounts are presented net of tax.
Amounts in Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss Amounts in Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows:
 
2018

2017

Amortization of prior service costs(1)
$
(2
)
$
(4
)
Recognition of net actuarial loss(1)
117

154

Total before income tax
$
115

$
150

Income tax recovery
(31
)
(39
)
Total net of income tax
$
84

$
111

(1) Impacts "Other components of net periodic benefit recovery" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.