Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018



	For the three months ended September 30				For the nine months ended September 30
(in millions of Canadian dollars)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Current income tax expense	$	122	$	93	$	288	$	288
Deferred income tax expense	77		77		155		168
Income tax expense	$	199	$	170	$	443	$	456

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, legislation was enacted to decrease the Iowa and Missouri state corporate income tax rates. As a result of these changes, the Company recorded a deferred tax recovery of $21 million in the second quarter of 2018 related to the revaluation of deferred income tax balances as at January 1, 2018.

The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, were 24.23% and 23.95%, respectively, compared to 24.95% and 24.28% for the same periods in 2017.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the effective tax rate excluding the discrete item of the foreign exchange ("FX") gain of $38 million on the Company's U.S. dollar-denominated debt, was 24.75%.

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the effective tax rate excluding the discrete items of the FX gain of $105 million on the Company's U.S. dollar-denominated debt, and the $3 million deferred tax expense related to legislation enacted to increase the Illinois state income tax rate, was 26.50%

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the effective tax rate excluding the discrete items of the FX loss of $55 million on the Company's U.S. dollar-denominated debt and the $21 million tax recovery described above, was 24.75%.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the effective tax rate excluding the discrete items of the management transition recovery of $51 million related to the retirement of the Company's Chief Executive Officer, the FX gain of $200 million on the Company's U.S. dollar-denominated debt, an insurance recovery of $10 million on a legal settlement, the $13 million charge associated with the hedge roll and de-designation, and the $14 million tax net recovery related to legislation enacted to increase the Illinois tax rate and decrease the Saskatchewan provincial corporate income tax rate, was 26.50%.